General Geology of Kutai Basin

The Geology of Kutai Basin and their practical implications By: Ery Arifullah Geologist

Monday, December 24, 2012

• Introduction - Background - Objectives and targets - History of geological research in East Kalimantan - Terminology and principles in geology. • The Geology of Kutai Basin - The main significance of Kutai Basin - Regional Geology - Tectonic - Stratigraphy - Sedimentology & ichnology : fluvial, deltaic, non deltaic, carbonate shelf, and deep water deposits • The practical implications - Petroleum / Hydrogeology - Coal • Future significance for educations, land use and research development.


Introduction


Background


Background • The geology of Kutai Basin is our very precious assets like forrest in our region.


Background • The geology of Kutai Basin is our very precious assets like forrest in our region. • The Kutai Basin is one of the most important petroleum, coal and gold producer.


Background • The geology of Kutai Basin is our very precious assets like forrest in our region. • The Kutai Basin is one of the most important petroleum, coal and gold producer. • Academic community (students and lecturer in geosciences) have not significance understanding of Kutai Basin geology.


Objectives and Targets


Objectives and Targets • Objectives:


Objectives and Targets • Objectives: - new insight: conceptual framework and knowledges.


Objectives and Targets • Objectives: - new insight: conceptual framework and knowledges. - practical informations of Kutai Basin geology and their relationship to fossil fuel and mineral resources.


Objectives and Targets • Objectives: - new insight: conceptual framework and knowledges. - practical informations of Kutai Basin geology and their relationship to fossil fuel and mineral resources. - to straight geological principles, applications and opportunity


Objectives and Targets • Objectives: - new insight: conceptual framework and knowledges. - practical informations of Kutai Basin geology and their relationship to fossil fuel and mineral resources. - to straight geological principles, applications and opportunity - to optimize using geological data and thinking with new solutions in coal exploration.


Objectives and Targets • Objectives: - new insight: conceptual framework and knowledges. - practical informations of Kutai Basin geology and their relationship to fossil fuel and mineral resources. - to straight geological principles, applications and opportunity - to optimize using geological data and thinking with new solutions in coal exploration. • Targets : students, lecturer, and stake holder. Monday, December 24, 2012

History perspective of geological research in East Kalimantan


History perspective of geological research in East Kalimantan •

Late 1800’s  Dutch geologist


History perspective of geological research in East Kalimantan • •

Late 1800’s  Dutch geologist 1931  Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin.


History perspective of geological research in East Kalimantan • • •

Late 1800’s  Dutch geologist 1931  Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin. 1940’s  Japan geologist.


History perspective of geological research in East Kalimantan • • • •

Late 1800’s  Dutch geologist 1931  Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin. 1940’s  Japan geologist. 1950’s  BPM/Shell geologist.


History perspective of geological research in East Kalimantan • • • • •

Late 1800’s  Dutch geologist 1931  Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin. 1940’s  Japan geologist. 1950’s  BPM/Shell geologist. 1960’s  Union oil, Huffco geologist. New born of plate tectonic paradigm.


History perspective of geological research in East Kalimantan • • • • • •

Late 1800’s  Dutch geologist 1931  Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin. 1940’s  Japan geologist. 1950’s  BPM/Shell geologist. 1960’s  Union oil, Huffco geologist. New born of plate tectonic paradigm. 1970’s – 1980’s  oil booming, significance sedimentological and stratigraphic research in deltaic deposit: Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta by George Allen. New born of sequence stratigraphic concept and their application world wide. Development of Samarinda Area litostratigraphy by Land & Jones (coal geologist).



•

Late 1800’s  Dutch geologist 1931  Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin. 1940’s  Japan geologist. 1950’s  BPM/Shell geologist. 1960’s  Union oil, Huffco geologist. New born of plate tectonic paradigm. 1970’s – 1980’s  oil booming, significance sedimentological and stratigraphic research in deltaic deposit: Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta by George Allen. New born of sequence stratigraphic concept and their application world wide. Development of Samarinda Area litostratigraphy by Land & Jones (coal geologist). 1990’s – 2000’s 



•

Late 1800’s  Dutch geologist 1931  Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin. 1940’s  Japan geologist. 1950’s  BPM/Shell geologist. 1960’s  Union oil, Huffco geologist. New born of plate tectonic paradigm. 1970’s – 1980’s  oil booming, significance sedimentological and stratigraphic research in deltaic deposit: Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta by George Allen. New born of sequence stratigraphic concept and their application world wide. Development of Samarinda Area litostratigraphy by Land & Jones (coal geologist). 1990’s – 2000’s  - renaissance in deltaic sedimentology



•

Late 1800’s  Dutch geologist 1931  Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin. 1940’s  Japan geologist. 1950’s  BPM/Shell geologist. 1960’s  Union oil, Huffco geologist. New born of plate tectonic paradigm. 1970’s – 1980’s  oil booming, significance sedimentological and stratigraphic research in deltaic deposit: Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta by George Allen. New born of sequence stratigraphic concept and their application world wide. Development of Samarinda Area litostratigraphy by Land & Jones (coal geologist). 1990’s – 2000’s  - renaissance in deltaic sedimentology - detailed deep water deposit  Kutai Basin has been one of a pioneer in deep water geological research in the world.



•

Late 1800’s  Dutch geologist 1931  Leopold & van der Vlerk: stratigraphic nomenclature for Kutai Basin. 1940’s  Japan geologist. 1950’s  BPM/Shell geologist. 1960’s  Union oil, Huffco geologist. New born of plate tectonic paradigm. 1970’s – 1980’s  oil booming, significance sedimentological and stratigraphic research in deltaic deposit: Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta by George Allen. New born of sequence stratigraphic concept and their application world wide. Development of Samarinda Area litostratigraphy by Land & Jones (coal geologist). 1990’s – 2000’s  - renaissance in deltaic sedimentology - detailed deep water deposit  Kutai Basin has been one of a pioneer in deep water geological research in the world. - first time in ichnological research for modern and outcrop analogues study in Indonesia.




Terminology & principles in geology Monday, December 24, 2012

Geology is science NOT engineering. Geology is earth science… study of interior, architectural, processes… and history of the earth  very significance to apply in petroleum, coal, others mineral resources, land use, environmental, hydrogeology. Monday, December 24, 2012

Basic principles in geology


Basic principles in geology • Time and space correlation  NOT process and physical correlation  lithostratigraphy NOT absolute with some exceptions • Uniformitarianism  actualism  analogues study  examples: Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta.


The Geology of Kutai Basin


The Main Significance of Kutai Basin



KUTAI BASIN: One of the center for geological research in the world and places for geological education and training


AAPG field trip KUTAI BASIN: One of the center for geological research in the world and places for geological education and training



IAGI field trip Monday, December 24, 2012

ITB/UPN field trip


IAGI field trip Monday, December 24, 2012


The future research  solving the geological problems, support new theories and new ideas and practices.






Environmental Forecasting


Environmental Forecasting • Climates evolutions • Volcanic activity, tectonic earthquake. • River, delta, coastal dinamics; example: river/fluvial flood quantity. • Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta


Environmental Forecasting • Climates evolutions • Volcanic activity, tectonic earthquake. • River, delta, coastal dinamics; example: river/fluvial flood quantity. • Modern and Miocene Mahakam Delta

UNIFORMITARIANISM


14,4 millions years ago

Examples of river (red) and fluvial flood deposit (yellow)




Modern river in Mahakam Delta








N South China Sea

KUTAI BASIN: Indonesian most prolific basin : petroleum + coal

KUCHING OROGENIC COMPLEX

Celebes Sea

KUTAI BASIN Mahakam Delta Samarinda Balikpapan

Java Sea


with it’s own, unique Mahakam Delta

>11 BBOE reserve Mid Miocene & younger

Regional Geology Tectonics


Regional Geology Tectonics

The Kutai Basin tectonic framework (Bachtiar, 2004) Monday, December 24, 2012

Regional Geology Tectonics Interaction of 3 plates: -Eurasia plates -Pasific plates -Indian-Australia plates





Control the basin formation, modification and infilling sediment.


Tectonics


Tectonics


Tectonics

Kutai Basin boundaries: • West: Kuching High • East : Makassar Strait • North : Mangkalihat High • South : Maratus Range


Tectonics


Tectonics

LU

U IH TA

KU

K

T

U

I A

IR IL

H

Upper and Lower Kutai Basin based on gravity map (Wain and Berod, 1989).


Stratigraphy


460000

Stratigraphy

540000

500000

BUS-01 BAT-01

U 0

10

20 KM

SEP-01

9980000

9980000

SEB-01 SEG-01 PRT-02

MUR-01

MUM-01

BIN V-1A

PERJUANGAN

PEMBLN 2

WARE HOUSE JONGGON

BUA-01 LJN 2

9940000

9940000

PEMBLN 3

ANG-01

LJN 1

PEMBLN 4 PEL-01 CAMP 88

BEL-01

JBYN

NAN-01

CAMP SPK2 SUN-01

LOA-01 SEPAKU

9900000

9900000

TNG-01

AMD

SPK 1-7

TNG

SPK 14

SEGRET

KETERANGAN: SKN-01 SAM-01

SPK 8+100

N8

MIOSEN TENGAH

N 810

N8

MENTAWIR SM-01

MID MIOCENE & YOUNGER

N 810

MEN-01

SAM-02 RDN-01 RDN-02

N 850

N 850 N 8A

N 8A

N7 LAM-01

N6

N7

N5

LAM-02 BON-01

SUMUR MINYAK DAN GAS DAERAH PENELITIAN KHUSUS DENGAN LINTASAN GEOLOGI

WLW-01

LOKASI SINGKAPAN SWL-01

9860000

9860000

N4

GNB-01 RIK-01

N6 N5

JALUR SEISMIK

N4 460000


500000

540000

Stratigraphy


Stratigraphy


Stratigraphy

Wave & tidal dominated delta


Stratigraphy

Fluvial dominated delta Wave & tidal dominated delta


Stratigraphy

Kolom stratigrafi daerah Samarinda (Chambers & Daley, 1995) Monday, December 24, 2012

Stratigraphy

Fluvial dominated delta


Stratigraphy

Fluvial dominated delta

Wave & tidal dominated delta



Stratigraphy


Stratigraphy UTARA A

SEBULU-1 (PROJ.) TD 4910 M

BUSANG-1 (PROJ.) TD 7021’

N8

N5

N5

A'

SEMBERAH-6

N8

N7 N6

N5

PRANGAT-1 TD 11025’ PRANGAT-2 TD 11486’

SEPARI-1 (PROJ.) TD 5816’

N7 N6

N5

F

N7

G

N5

F

G

N10

N10

N8

N8

TENGAH KUTAI RIDGE (GRAVITY HIGH) KAHALA-1 TD 10061’

B

SINKLIN DANAU KUTAI

SINKLIN PERIAN

ANTIKLIN PEMBULAN

MURUNG-1 TD 5155’

SINKLIN GITAN

SINKLIN BUAT BUAT-1 TD 12063’

N4 N4 ?

SINKLIN TALUANG

N4

N7

N7

N6 N5

HANDIL KERBAU-4 TD 11680’

F

N8

G N10

N8

SELATAN DAN WAIN Legenda: A

A'

C

MENTAWIR-1 TD 5620’

GARIS PENAMPANG A - A’

G

N5

BA

N10

N6

G

N8

N7

STRUKTUR PATAHAN

N6 N7

TEMPAYAN-1 TD 13493’

RADEN-1 TD 11867’

N4

N7 N7

GARIS MARKER

N8

NG SA

E N1

0

LU

NCO

C'

NF. EQU IV. F

LOKASI SUMUR DENGAN KEDALAMAN TD BATUAN BERUMUR N8 DAN LEBIH MUDA BATUAN BERUMUR N7 - N8

0

BATUAN BERUMUR N6 - N7 BATUAN BERUMUR N5 - N6 BATUAN BERUMUR N4 - N5

3

BATUAN BERUMUR N4 DAN LEBIH TUA BATUAN DASAR

6 KM 0

20 KM

Geological cross section of northern part Lower Kutai Basin, Center part and South-Wain (Bachtiar, 2004). Monday, December 24, 2012

B'

BEKAPAI-11 TD 15098’

N10

N5

N4

ANTIKLIN MUTIARA PUNAN-1 MUTIARA-2 TD 13481’ TD 9458’

ANTIKLIN PELARANG SOUTH S. NANGKA-1 TD 5472’

N6 N5

BASEMENT

SINKLIN SAKA KANAN

The Dinamics of Depositional Environment in the Geological Record


Ophiolite Complex (Basement of Kutai Basin in Pasir


Deep Water Deposits in Bakungan





Batuputih (?)

Bakungan (?)


Batuputih (?)

Bakungan (?)


Batuputih Limestone (Carbonate Shelf) N8 (Lower Miocene)


Deltaic terminology


Deltaic terminology


Deltaic terminology

Sedimentological characteristic in the Modern Mahakam Delta (Allen & Chambers, 1998) Monday, December 24, 2012

River and River Mouth deposits in Pandan Wangi


Distributary Channel Distributary Mouth Bar






Dist Channel deposit in Perjuangan Quarry Samarinda




Ophiolite Complex (Basement of Kutai Basin in Pasir







Batuputih (?)

Bakungan (?)


Batuputih (?)

Bakungan (?)


Batuputih Limestone (Carbonate Shelf) N8 (Lower Miocene)














River Mouth Deposit near SMU Melati (Wave dominated delta)


River Mouth Deposit near SMU Melati (Wave dominated delta)


River Mouth Deposit in MT. Haryono Road (Tidal dominated delta)


River Mouth Deposit in MT. Haryono Road (Tidal dominated delta)

Mouth Bar deposit beds

Storm bed


Historical Geology Monday, December 24, 2012

Historical Geology Monday, December 24, 2012


452.000

552.000

BAT-01 BUS01

10.000.000

10.000.000

IS-SL/IS-SL/63 SEP-01

SEB-01 SEG-010 50

PRT-02

B/B/63

MUR-01 0

MM-IS / BRK /33 Peta Indeks

MUM-01

DELTA MURUNGBUAT-BELONAK

MS

IS

MM

BUA-01

* * *

Singkapan Pembulan Stop 2, 3

B

OS

BIN V-1A

0

Daerah Penelitian

ANG-01 PEL-01

MS/IS

BEL-01

IS/MM

Legenda:

NAN-01

*

LOA-01

SUN-01

SUMUR KERING

0

SUMUR MINYAK

TNG-01

9.900.000

IS/MM/26 SKN-01

SUMUR GAS

9.900.000

SAM-01

SUMUR MINYAK DAN GAS

SM-01

PROTO WAIN DELTA?

RDN-02 RDN-01

MEN-01

BUS-01

SAM-02

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN DAN PERSEN BATUPASIR ISMS 2.5

LAM-01

KONTUR BATAS LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN

LAM-02 BON-01 RIK-01

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘MARGINAL MARINE’

GNB-01 WLW-01

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘INNER SHELF’

SWL-01

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘MIDDLE SHELF’

U

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘OUTER SHELF’ LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘BATHYAL’ 0

10

20 KM

100 50 0

∗ 452.000

552.000

PERSENTASE BATUPASIR PADA LST LOKASI SINGKAPAN ARAH ARUS PURBA

Peta paleogeografi HST sekuen B (N4 bagian atas) (BACHTIAR, 2004)


452.000

552.000

Proto Sangatta Podelta?

BAT-01 BUS01

10.000.000

10.000.000

MOS-USL

SEP-01

SEB-01

OS-UB

SEG-01

MUR-01

PRT-02

OS-UB MUM-01

MS

BIN V-1A Peta Indeks

BUA-01 ANG-01

0

PEL-01

IS/8

Daerah Penelitian

BEL-01 NAN-01

LOA-01

SUN-01

Legenda:

Singkapan Bukit AMD

*

TNG-01

9.900.000

50

MM-IS/82

0

SUMUR KERING

9.900.000 SKN-01

SUMUR MINYAK

SAM-01

SM-01 RDN-02 RDN-01

MEN-01

SUMUR GAS SAM-02

SUMUR MINYAK DAN GAS LAM-01

BUS-01

LAM-02 BON-01 RIK-010 50


GNB-01


WLW-01

IS/81

SWL-01


U

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘INNER SHELF’ LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘MIDDLE SHELF’

0

10

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘OUTER SHELF’

20 KM

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘BATHYAL’ 100 50 0

452.000

552.000

PERSENTASE BATUPASIR PADA LST

Peta paleogeografi HST sekuen C (N5 bagian atas) (BACHTIAR, 2004)


452.000

552.000

BAT-01 BUS-01

10.000.000 ISMS 2.5

10.000.000

ISMS 0 SEP-01 SEB-01 SEG-01

0OSB 0

OSB 14.77

PRT-02

MUR-01

MUM-01 BIN V-1A Peta Indeks BUA-01

50

ANG-01

0 ISMS 1.06

PEL-01

ISMS 83.33

Daerah Penelitian

BEL-01 NAN-01

LOA-01

TNG-01 MMIS IS 0 0

9.900.000

SUN-01

Legenda : SUMUR KERING

9.900.000

IS 18.75

IS 0

SKN-01

SUMUR MINYAK

SAM-01

SM-01 RDN-02 RDN-01

MEN-01 SIS 23

DISMS 100

10 5 0 0

SUMUR GAS SAM-02

0

SUMUR MINYAK DAN GAS LAM-01

BUS-01

LAM-02 BON-01 RIK-01 10 0 50 DIS 0

DIS 100

MSOS 0


GNB-01

0


WLW-01 MSOS 0

SWL-01


U

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘INNER SHELF’ LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘MIDDLE SHELF’ 0

10


20 KM

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘BATHYAL’ 100 50 0

452.000

552.000

PERSENTASE BATUPASIR PADA HST diatas TST

Peta paleogeografi TST sekuen D (N6) (BACHTIAR, 2004)


452.000

552.000

BAT-01 BUS01

10.000.000

10.000.000

SEP-01 SEB-01

M-OS/0

SEG-01

PRT-02

MUR-01

MUM-01 BIN V-1A

BUA-01 50 0

Peta Indeks

ANG-01 PEL-01

IS-MS/IS/73 BEL-01 Daerah Penelitian

NAN-01

MS LOA-01

SUN-01

Legenda:

TNG-01

9.900.000

9.900.000 SKN-01 0

IS/IS/30

SUMUR KERING

SAM-01

SM-01 RDN-02 RDN-01

MEN-01

DIS-SMS DISLAM-02 SMS/Y2BON-01 RIK-01 50

SUMUR MINYAK SAM-02

SUMUR GAS

LAM-01

SUMUR MINYAK DAN GAS BUS-01

GNB-01

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN DAN PERSEN BATUPASIR

0

WLW-01

ISMS 2.5

SWL-01


U

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘MARGINAL MARINE’ LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘INNER SHELF’ 0

10


20 KM

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘OUTER SHELF’ 100 50 0

452.000

552.000


Peta paleogeografi HST sekuen D (N7 bagian bawah) (BACHTIAR, 2004)


452.000

552.000

BAT-01 BUS01

10.000.000

10.000.000

0

IS IS/0.09 SEP-01

OS OS/0

SEB-01 SEG-01

PRT-02

M-OS M-OS/0.65

MUR-01

MUM-01 BIN V-1A

BUA-01

Peta Indeks

ANG-01 PEL-01

IS/IS/0 OS BEL-01 Daerah Penelitian

NAN-01

9.900.000

MS

MM

Arah perkembangan Delta Wain

LOA-01

IS

SUN-01

Legenda:

TNG-01

9.900.000 SKN-01

SM-01 IS MEN-01

SAM-01

IS-MM/0.87

RDN-02 MM-IS/0.95RDN-01

SUMUR KERING

SOS/0

SUMUR MINYAK

SAM-02

SUMUR GAS

MM-IS/94 MM-IS/50

SIS/72

LAM-01 LAM-02 BON-01

RIK-01


DIS/87

GNB-01

BUS-01

DIS/1

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN DAN PERSEN BATUPASIR

WLW-01

MM-IS/0.92

SWL-01 DIS/0

ISMS 2.5

SIS-DIS/71


U

MS/1


10


20 KM


452.000

552.000

100 50 0


Peta paleogeografi HST sekuen E (N7 bagian atas) (BACHTIAR, 2004)


452.000

552.000

BAT-01 BUS-01

10.000.000

10.000.000

MMIS

MMIS

SEP-01 ISMS

SEB-01 SEG-01

SIS

PRT-02

MUR-01

ARAH PERKEMBANGAN LOBE DELTA MAHAKAM PURBA

MUM-01

Peta Indeks

BIN V-1A

BUA-01 ANG-01

MM

Daerah Penelitian

PEL-01

BEL-01

Legenda :

NAN-01

LOA-01

SINGKAPAN JL.SEPAKU STOP 1-2

SUMUR KERING SUMUR MINYAK

B

TNG-01

9.900.000

SUN-01

9.900.000

IS SKN-01 B 75O

ISMS SINGKAPAN JL.SEPAKU KM.14

SM-01

IS

RDN-02 OSUB RDN-01

IS 45O

SINGKAPAN BP.TEL

MMIS RIK-01

MMIS

IS


OS

MSOS

MEN-01 SINGKAPAN MENTAWIR

SUMUR GAS

SAM-01

BUS-01

SAM-02

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN PADA SUMUR

MS OS

LAM-02 BON-01DMS GNB-01MOS

MMIS

OS

LAM-01

(MODIFIKASI PROSES GELOMBANG)

LOKASI SINGKAPAN 75O

DMS WLW-01 IS SWL-01 IS

ARAH ARUS PURBA DARI SINGKAPAN PENAMPANG STRATIGRAFI KONTUR BATAS LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN

U

ARAH PERKEMBANGAN LOBE DELTA WAIN


10

20 KM

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ’MIDDLE SHELF’ LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘OUTER SHELF’

452.000

552.000

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘BATHYAL’

Peta paleogeografi HST sekuen F (N8 bagian bawah) (BACHTIAR, 2004)


452.000

552.000

BAT-01 BUS-01

10.000.000

10.000.000 IS

SEP-01 MMIS

SEB-01 SEG-01

PRT-02 MMIS

MUR-01

MUM-01 MMIS BIN V-1A

ARAH PERKEMBANGAN LOBE DELTA MAHAKAM PURBA

BRKMM

BUA-01

Peta Indeks

ANG-01

FD

PEL-01

MMIS

DMM BEL-01 Daerah Penelitian

NAN-01 FD LOA-01

SUN-01 MMIS

IS TNG-01

9.900.000

9.900.000 SKN-01

ARAH PERKEMBANGAN LOBE DELTA SELATAN

SUMUR KERING

MMIS

SM-01 RDN-02 MMIS RDN-01

MEN-01

SUMUR MINYAK SAM-02

SUMUR GAS

SIS

FDMM

MMIS LAM-02 BON-01 IS

LAM-01 ISMS


GNB-01MM

RIK-01 WLW-01 MMSIS

Legenda :

SAM-01

MM

BUS-01

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN PADA SUMUR

(MODIFIKASI PROSES GELOMBANG) IS

SWL-01 ISMM


U

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘FLUVIAL DELTA’ LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘MARGINAL MARINE’ 0

10

20 KM

LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ‘INNER SHELF’ LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN ’MIDDLE SHELF’

452.000

552.000


Peta paleogeografi HST sekuen G/H (N8 bagian atas) (BACHTIAR, 2004)


The Modern Mahakam Delta


The Modern Mahakam Delta


The Modern Mahakam Delta • The Modern Mahakam is exclusive geological deltaic type in the world. • Fluvial-tidal balanced interaction, but not same with the Miocene Mahakam Delta.


Deltaic stratigraphy controlled by: • Relative influence of waves, tides and fluvial. • Grain size, offshore water depth. • Autocyclic processes: river/delta avulsion, compaction of underlying deltaic sediment. • Allocyclic processes: sediment supply, sea level change, tectonic subsidence.


Allocyclic & Autocyclic • Autocyclic processes (natural redistribution of energy within depositional system): river/delta avulsion, storms, tidal ebb/flood, subaerial flood, meandering channel, tidal creek, submarine fan, gravity flow, compaction of underlying deltaic sediment. • Allocyclic processes (change sedimentary system is generated by external cause): sediment supply, sea level change, tectonic subsidence. (Miall, 1990)


Geology of Modern Mahakam Delta



Pembagian jenis delta (Galloway, 1975) Monday, December 24, 2012




Modern Mahakam Delta




Hard wood in Upper Delta Plain





Nipah in Lower Delta Plain


Peat Ridges in Modern Mahakam Delta


Peat Ridges in Modern Mahakam Delta


Geologists was walking on Peat Ridges Modern Mahakam Delta


Lateral profiles of Pulau Lantang (North Mahakam Delta)


Lateral profiles of Pulau Lantang (North Mahakam Delta)





healthy

stressed


healthy

stressed



healthy

stressed


healthy

stressed



Practical Implications on


THE FACTS Petroleum Exploration: • Very complex reservoir heterogenity, quality and geometry. • Detailed facies analysis. • Detailed and optimize stratigraphic correlations. • Understanding petroleum system due with basin analysis. • Optimize old data (geochemistry, petrophysics, cutting, geophysics: logging, sedimentology, stratigraphy and seismic). • Analogues study: modern and Miocene deposit Monday, December 24, 2012

PROBLEMS IN COAL EXPLORATION • Abrubt change of lithology type, terminated seams. • Why the coals have different quality (ash, S), geometry and distribution. • How to use and optimize new or old available data (ash, S and thickness) to reconstuct the paleogeographic, isopach and iso-ash, iso-S and etc. • How to optimize the wireline logging data?


Perjuangan Quarry Samarinda


Perjuangan Quarry Samarinda 14,4 millions years ago

Examples of fluvial-deltaic reservoir geometry heterogenity




Mouth Bar (River mouth) deposit in Pondok. Alam Indah Samarinda


Mouth Bar (River mouth) deposit in Pondok. Alam Indah Samarinda


Mouth Bar (River mouth) deposit in Pondok. Alam Indah Samarinda Hypothetical GR log



General channel reservoir characteristics: • Width/Tickness > 50 – 100 • Thickness : 5 – 20 m. • Medium - coarse grained • Amalgamated • Lateral accretion. Monday, December 24, 2012


General channel reservoir characteristics: • Width/Tickness > 50 – 100 • Thickness : 5 – 20 m. • Medium - coarse grained • Amalgamated • Lateral accretion. Monday, December 24, 2012

General mouth bar reservoir characteristics: • Width/Tickness > 1000 • Thickness : 1 – 6 m. • Fine – medium grained • Amalgamated

Figure 3.12.

BONGKARAN TRAVERSE STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION VERTICAL SCALE 1 : HORIZONTAL UNSCALE 5000

GP.22

(M) 0

GP.42

GP.7

GP.42 GP.39

BON-1

GP.22

GP.39

GP.8

CHANNEL

BON-4

SB A60

SB

A80

1000

GP.328 GP.328

GP.301

GP.83

GP.83

GP.74

GP.8 3

GP.81 GP.81 GP.8 3

GP.7 4

GP.129 GP.129 GP.120 GP.120 GP.134

GP.123 GP.123

TIDAL FLAT

GP.6

DIST CHANNEL

Coal Coal Coal Coal

500

A60

1000 GP.99

MFS N10 MARKER

GP.13A

GP.6

(M) 0

SB Candidate

MFS A10

TIDAL FLAT A80

A80 GP.270 GP.270 MFS N10 GP.282 GP.264 GP.282 GP.278 TIDAL FLATGP.278

GP.99

MFS N10 MARKER

N12A N 12A

GP.306 GP.306

1500

A80

GP.232

A30

GP.75 GP.75

BON-5 GP.16 GP.196 GP.16 SB A60 0 0 GP.134

GP.236

BON-6

GP.160 GP.160

GP.4

TIDAL CHANNEL

A20

GP.212

MFS A10

TIDAL FLAT

500 GP.214

GP.7

GP.8 PRO DELTA

TIDAL FLAT

BON-7

GP.301

GP.323 GP.323 WATER SPRING N 12B

1500

STOP 09 OIL SEEP GN.PANCUR GP.383

2000

2000

REGIONAL KUTAI BASIN & MAHAKAM DELTA PERTAMINA JASTEK FIELD TRIP, KUTAI BASIN, EAST KALIMANTAN July 31 - August 05, 2003


BLOW UP STRATIGRAPHY CORRELATION OF I 82 SERIES Vertical scale 1 : 200 47

GP

SEM # 07

0

36

C m f vf si cl

2

4

6

GR

46 8

1300

10

PHOTO 10

12

I 81 14

45

I 81

0 16

44A

FeOx 2

18

37

FeOx FeOx 4

0

6

2

74A

0

8

0

10

PHOTO 6, 7, 8

26

12

CHANNEL FILL

4 8 FLOOD PLAIN

14 SH,dkgy-gy

30

10

10

12

12

14

14

6

CREVASE SPLAY 16

32

46A

RBS

8

10

FeOx

18 34

77A

12 16

20

16

22

18

18

24

20

20

RBS

71A

36

TIDAL CHANNEL

14

Ss,vf-fg,muddy

38

18 38

43

26

42

22

22

20

47A 28

24

78A

24

44

22

FLOOD PLAIN

30

26

79A

26

28

80A

28

30

81A

46

26

48 34

I 82 A

50

I 82 A

MULTI STOREY DISTRIBUTARY CHANNEL

30

36

32 82A/83A

32

38

34

34 32

40 39 56 42

I 83

36

36

38

38

40

40

69A

48A

44

84A/85A

60

FLOOD PLAIN

38

46

42

42

48

44

44

50

46

46

48

48

40

62

I 83 40

42

FeOx

52

49/50

46 50

54 72 56 74

FeOx 51

52

41 54

56

58

41

60

62

64

68


I 83

68A

70

1500

63

44

68

I 85

34

36

58 42

64

64

30

54

CHANNEL EDGE

28

I 82 A

52

1450

24

70A 32

I 82

65

16

40

1400

FLOOD PLAIN

8 72A

76A

PHOTO 9

2

6

6 45A

28 RBS

66

4

4

73A

1350

44

I 81

2 75A

24

DELTA FRONT MUD

74A

MOUTH BAR

20

22

67A

Fluvial dominated deltaic deposit in Villa Tamara





Dist. Channel Sand LDP Delta Front Sand & Mud

Delta Plain Coal


Semberah Field VICO Indonesia



Upper Delta Plain (UDP) Environment


Lower Delta Plain (LDP Environment



UDP Coal


LDP Coal



UDP Coal


LDP Coal



UDP Coal


LDP Coal



UDP Coal


LDP Coal

Crevasse Splay (Smd – Bpn Km. 46.5) N13





• Crevasse splay sandstone sandwiched by two coal seams.



• Crevasse splay sandstone sandwiched by two coal seams. • Sedimentary structures: climbing ripple, slump and truncated dunes.


Bachtiar, dkk., 2002



Stop 14 SEMBERAH 50

48 m

Line 01

Line 03

Line 02 200 m Fracturing zone

Notes :

VICO Indonesia A Division of Vico Indonesia Company


Stop 14 SEMBERAH 50

48 m

Line 01

Line 03

Line 02 200 m Fracturing zone

Notes :

• Two coal seams. Top part is proximal deposit and bottom part is distal portions. • Associated with calcareous shales (Delta Front deposits). • Amber associations.

VICO Indonesia A Division of Vico Indonesia Company


SEMBERAH 50 SEDIMETOLOGY MONTAGE

Line 02

Thickness M

LITHOLOGY Grain Size

M

Vf

DESCRIPTION

PALEONTOLOGY

Sh

FD

DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT UTDP LTDP

DF

PD

26

48 m

25

Line 01 Line 01

Thickness M

LITHOLOGY Grain Size

M

Vf

DESCRIPTION

PALEONTOLOGY

Sh

FD

24

UTDP LTDP

DF

Line 03

Line 02 200 m

Sh,brn - gy

Fracturing zone

DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT

23

PD

27

Coal , ember 22 Sh, brnsh, gy

26

Sh, brnsh-gy

Sem.50 Outcrop Profile

Ss, muddy, vfg, burrows

Thickness M

21

LITHOLOGY

Platy coal

P7

Sh, brnsh

Barren

Ss, fg-vfg, c/up muddy, burrow

24

20

C

M

Grain Size F

vf

Si

Description

Cl

Line 03

PALEONTOLOGY FD

DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT UTDP LTDP

22

Sh, brnsh, rootlet Coaly sh., dk.gy..

19 21

P6

23

Crevasse splay

25

Sh, wh

Sh, dkgy, carb.mat

BRK(-) Trochammina sp Spiroglutina sp

Coal, platy, w/ amber lenses.

18

Sh, brnsh - gy, rootlet

20

Sh, dkgy, carb.mat

22

Siltst., bwn., muddy, interlam.w/ carb. mat.. 17 Coal, platy.

19

21

Sh, dkgy,

Sh, dkgy-gy 16

18

6

20

Sh, dkgy, ember 19 P5 Ss, vfg, muddy, bioturbated 18

Glomospira sp Miliammina fusca Spiroglutina sp Trochammina sp Haplophragmoides sp Total abundance > 50 BRK(+-) Miliammina sp Trochammina sp Thurrammina sp

Ss, vfg-fg, wh , c/up loose climbing rip, wave rip 17 FeOx 16

15 feox

17

Ammotium, Trochammina, Ammodiscus, Glomospira, Gaudryina. abundance: 14

16

Ss, fg-mg, c/up, burrow at the top, climbing rip, carb.mat, rbs

13

Sst., wht.-yell. ochre, vf.-f. gr., c/up., tgntial. cross lam, ripple lam. Burrows at upper part. 15

12 Sh., gy., interbed w/ sst., bwnish., vf. gr.. Snd. flaser in sh. lyr. Fe ox. lyr (sideritic) and burrows at upper sh.

14

Sh, dkgy, burrow, lenses vfg ss, FeOx

Sh, dkgy, laminated w/ ss,vfg, burrow

11

6

Sh., gy., interlam by siltst., yell ochre and thin carb. mat. layer. Par. lam., cross lam. and wavy /ripple present. Coarsening upward. Calc. bldr. at lower part.

13

Ss, wh, vfg lam w/ ws sh, rbs, climbing ripzz

dominanted Ss, vfg, rbs laminated w/ sh,brnsh, burrows

15

Sh., gy.-dk.gy., upward became darker. Fe ox. concretions and coal clasts float. Thin, sst.lnses. in upper part.

14

Mouth bar deposit

2

10

Barren

12

Sh, dkgy, FeOx 14 P4 Sh, dkgy-gy laminated w/ ss vfg, rbs

13

9

BRK Miliammina sp Spiroglutinna sp Trochammina paciica Trochammina sp

Sh., gy., w/ reddish bwn., vf. gr., pbl.-bldr. calc. concretions, coal clasts at upper part.

11

8

6 Sh, dkgy, rbs, FeOx laminated w/ ss, c/up

12

P3

Clastic coal

Sh., gy., silty, roots common.

7

Sh, dkgy Ss, vfg-silt laminated w/sh, burrow

11

Trochammina, Eggerella, Gaudryina, Ammobaculites, Reophax, Ammobaculites, Ammonia (v. poor) abundance: 15

10

9

BRK (-) Undiagnostic s.a.f

6 8

10

Sh, brnsh, pelecypoda 5 Calcareous siltstone, boulder abundant pelecypoda

1 Sh, dkgy to silt parlam

Barren Haplophagmoides sp Spiroglutina sp Eggerella sp Trochammina sp

8

7

6

Delta front shale to Marine shale

P2 9

7

Sh-silt, boulder calc silt stone 4 feox

6

Sh, gy, w/ sideritic fe ox, roots at bottom part. Trochammina rotaliformis, Haplophragmoides, Haplophrag.cf subinvolutum, Ammonia beccarii. abundance: 10

6

3 5

Sh, brnsh, gy, pelecypoda 2

4

Sh, gy,

Sh, dkgy, pelecypoda 1

3

5 0 Coal, platy, w/ amber lenses

2

4

P1

Sh, dkgy - gy

BRK (+) Glomospira sp Trochammina sp Spiroglutina sp 1

3

2

Sh, dkbwn, leaf fossils, upward became coaly sh. Coal platy

536800 |

0

536900 |

1

Sh, dkgy, carb.mat 0 9972800 --

-- 9972800 Line 01 Line 02

Line 03 Semberah 50 Semberah 50 Outcrop

VICO INDONESIA

9972700 -- | 536800


| 536900

-- 9972700

SEDIMENTOLOGY STUDY SEMBERAH AREA ANDANG BACHTIAR, ARMEIN & DODY APRIADI FEBRUARY, 2000

DF

PD


?


RECOMENDATIONS


RECOMENDATIONS Coal Exploration:


RECOMENDATIONS Coal Exploration: • Coal characteristics depend on depositional environment.


RECOMENDATIONS Coal Exploration: • Coal characteristics depend on depositional environment. • Detailed facies analysis in adjacent clastic lithology.


RECOMENDATIONS Coal Exploration: • Coal characteristics depend on depositional environment. • Detailed facies analysis in adjacent clastic lithology. • Optimized stratigraphic correlations.


RECOMENDATIONS Coal Exploration: • Coal characteristics depend on depositional environment. • Detailed facies analysis in adjacent clastic lithology. • Optimized stratigraphic correlations. • Detailed structural geological mapping


RECOMENDATIONS Coal Exploration: • Coal characteristics depend on depositional environment. • Detailed facies analysis in adjacent clastic lithology. • Optimized stratigraphic correlations. • Detailed structural geological mapping • Optimize available data (including old data) ie: ash, S, thickness, logging etc to reconstruct new paleogeographic map based on deltaic sedimentological thinking. Monday, December 24, 2012

POTPOURRI


POTPOURRI • No government geological institution professional exist for East Kalimantan; ie: universities, research institutes and government bureau.


POTPOURRI • No government geological institution professional exist for East Kalimantan; ie: universities, research institutes and government bureau. • Till today geological data in East Kalimantan is authorized by petroleum and coal industry, overseas research institute & universities and some national institute and universities in Indonesia (LIPI, P3G, and PPGL, ITB and UPN).


POTPOURRI • No government geological institution professional exist for East Kalimantan; ie: universities, research institutes and government bureau. • Till today geological data in East Kalimantan is authorized by petroleum and coal industry, overseas research institute & universities and some national institute and universities in Indonesia (LIPI, P3G, and PPGL, ITB and UPN). • How about us?


General Geology of Kutai Basin

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