RaYtheon Optomechanical Drawings: I S O Standards, Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing and Drawing Practices Anees Ahmad Raytheon Missile Systems Tucson, AZ Phone: 520/545-7870 Email: aahmad~raytheon.com
Drawl n g Standards •
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T w o commonly used standards International Standards Organization (ISO) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) > Am eri erican can Societ Societyy of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) i s n o w responsible for updating & maintaining these standards —
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These stand ards explain how to indicate/callout the desired These features o n a drawing for a finished product
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T he values of these desired features a re n ot specified by these standards
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IS O standards are fairly commonly used in optical industry ISO and shops
ANSI Standards •
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Principle U S national standard covering mechanical drawing practice is ASME/ANSI Y14.5M, Dimensioning and Tolerancing.
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This standard explains how to represent on drawings concepts such as maintaining parallelism between tw o surfaces or how to specify location of holes, etc.
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Defines the symbols for expressing various features
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Tw o other related standards used in conjunction with ASME/ ANSI Y14.5M are: ASME/ANSI Y14.36, Surface Texture Symbols a n d ASME/ANSI B46.1, Surface Texture dealing with the finish of machined parts. -
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Optical Drawing Standards
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Handful of U S voluntary standards relate to optical and optomechanical drawings
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The only standard that has any practical impact on optics is ASME Y14.18M-86, Optical Parts (originally MIL-STD-34, Preparation of Drawings for Optical Elements)
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IS O Technical Committee 172, Optics and optical instruments, and has been writing optical standards since 1979 Over 150 standards are either being worked on or are now
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ISO Optical Drawing Standards •
The tw o standards that are of greatest interest are: Optics and optical Instruments ISO 1 0 1 1 0 -X -1 996 (E ) -
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Preparation of optical drawings for optical elements and systems ISO 9 2 1 1 O ptical coatings -
IS O 10110 is similar to ASME Y14.18M. There is no American
standard equivalent to IS O 9211 •
IS O 10110 has 13 parts: —
Part I >
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General
Covers th e mechanical aspects of optical drawings that are specific to optics and not already covered in one of th e other IS O drawing standards.
ISO 10110 Standard
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Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 >
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Part5 >
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Part 6 >
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Material Imperfections Stress birefringence Material Imperfections -Bubbles and Inclusions Material Imperfections lnhomogeneity and stri ae -
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Parts 2-4 cover material related parameters controlling th e quality of glass
SurfacefOrm tolerances Concerns figure measurem ent and differentiates between figure measured visually with a test plate or with a phase measuring i nterlerometer
Centering tolerances deals with centering errors and allow s e ither an entirely mechanical method of tolerancing or an optomechanical one.
ISO 10110 Standard •
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Concerns ground and polished surface texture and is unique to this standard
Surface treatment and coating Tells how to indicate that a surface will be coated, but not what th e specifications of the coating are which is covered in ISO 9211.
Part 10 >
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Surface texture
Part 9 >
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This is equivalent to scratch and dig or surface beauty specification
Part 8 >
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Surface imperfection tolerances
Part 7 >
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Table representing data of a lens element
Tells how to describe th e parameters of an optical element in tabular form and is th e foundation of th e effort to be able to transfer data about optical elements electronically
ISO lOllOStandard
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Aspheric surfaces
Defines how to describe an aspheric surface. This method has been coordinated with th e m ajor vendors of lens design software so th e definitions are consistent
Part 1 3 . —
N o n - toleranced data
Table of default tolerances on o ptical parameters so that if a particular parameter is not specified, it should then be m a d e to th e tolerances given in this table.
Part 12 —
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Laser irradiation damage threshold
Tells’ how to specify a laser power damage threshold on an optical component, again a parameter that goes far beyond any other existing standard.
ISO
10110-10:1996(E)
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Table
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Description
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Type, nam e, identification number of the material
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so
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..
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S
v
appropriate, refractive index and Abbe number (and tolerances) in accordance with 1S07944
R
R adius of curvature with tolerance, if d e s i r e d .
n
If
‘‘
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...
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The direction of curvature shall b e indicated as follows:’
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convex surface: C X
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Protective cha m fe r
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Surface treatment and cpating in accordance with ISO 10110-9
lnhomogeneity arid striae classes in accordance with ISO 10110-4
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Surface form tolerance in accordance with ISO 1 0 1 1 0-5’
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4/
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Stress birefringence tolerance in accordance with ISO lO11O~2: Indication of permissible bubbles and other inclusions i n accordance with IS O 10110-3
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concave surface: C C
M inim um and maximum permissible widths of th e protective chamfer .
2/
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Optically effective diameter
08
)
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Properties to ’ be listed
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Items Material
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Centring tolerance in accordance with ISO 10110-6
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Surface imperfection tolerance in accordance with ISO 10110-7
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Laser irradiation damage threshold indication in accordance with IS O 10110-13 (if appropri ate)
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ISO
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S
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S.
IS O 101.10-10:1996(E).
Dra w ing field Indications in accordance wit h .3.
rabl~ field
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S
S
Indications In accordance with 3.2
Left’ surface R
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R igh t surface
Material specification R
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Mater~at~peclfication
Right surface ,
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ør l~ tt Lea
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ISO
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Advantages of ISO Standards
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Offer guidance on suggested values of certain features
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Contain a listing of default tolerances
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M u c h more thorough in their treatment of drawing features
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Being integrated in optical design software
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Drawings created using ISO standards are virtually noteless
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Indications on drawings use alphanumeric symbols
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Drawing can be interpreted by persons having any language background without having to translate it
Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing (GD&T) •
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What is it? A means of dimensioning & toleráncing a drawing using standard sym bols to con vey-product function and design relationship —
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ANSI Y14.5 & ISO standards use the same symbols to indicate critical features on a part drawing
Why use GD&T? Provides max. production tolerances Saves money Ensures design requirements are carried out Ensures full interchangeability of mating parts Eliminates confusion by using a com m on international engineering language —
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AN SI Y14.5
SYM BO L FO R: •
IS O
STRAIGHTNESS
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FLATNESS:
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CIRCULARITY
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Q
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CYLINDRICITY’ :. P R O FI LE O F A . LINE
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PROFILE O F . ‘A SURFACE
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ANGULARITY
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PERPENDICULARITY ..
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POSITION
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NO NE
• CIRCULAR RUNOUT
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.CONCENTRICITY/COAXIAUTV • SYMMETRY
T O T AL R UN O U T
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NO NE .
PARALLELISM
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A LL AROUND—PROFILE .
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DIMENSION ORIGIN
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F E A T UR E C O N TR O L F R A M E CONICAL TAPER
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‘SLOPE
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cOUNTERBORE/SPOTFACE COUNTERSINK
DEPTH/DEEP SQUARE (SHAPE) DIMENSION NO T TO SCALE ,
NUMBER O F TIMES/PLACES
A RC LENGTH
DIAMETER, CO UNTERBORE AND COUNTERSINK SYMBOLS
Ø7THRU LJØ14
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L_... Counterbore
L
L
(or spotface)
X 90° THRU \/Ø1O
symbol
Countersink symbol
6.2—6.6
FIG. 73
COUNTERBORE OR SPOTFACE SYMBOL
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FIG.
09.4-9.8
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
FIG. 75
4 epth symbol
D E P T H SYMBOL
74
COUNTERSINK SYMBOL
-Th
PARALLELISM SYMBOL
THIS O N TH E DRAWING
THIS O N TH E DRAWING
A ~ —
k’\
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iY\
t~ \
£1\ k\
MEANS THIS
Possible orientation
0.12 wide
tolerance zone
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Note: Th e absence of a modifier indicates RF S applies. S e e 2.8(b). MEANS THIS
a— 0.12 wide tolerance zone
~thesurface
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Datum plane A
The surface must lie between two planes 0.12 apart which are parallel to datum plane A. Additionally, the surface must be within the specified limits of size. FIG. 19 4
SPECIFYING PARALLELISM F O R A PLANE SURFACE
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Possible orientation of feature axis
Datum plane A Regardless of feature size, the feature axis must lie between two planes 0.12 apart which are parallel to datum plane A. Additionally, the feature axis must be within the specified tolerance of location.
FIG. 195 SPECIFYING PARALLELISM FO R AN
FLATNESS SYMBOL
THIS ON THE DRAWING
MEANS THIS
The surface must lie between two parallel planes 0.25 apart. Additionally, the surface must be within the specified limits of size.
FIG. 176 SPECIFYING FLATNESS’
POSITIONAL TOLERANCE
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FIG. 126 CONVENTIONAL POSITIONAL TOLERANCING AT MMC
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Examples of Drawings with G D & T Tolerances •
+.008
2X
0.530
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ThRU
1 4 1 0 . 0 1 4 ®IAIBICI
1 1 .0 0 0 1 1~
2.000
.020 ±
.375 ±.03O
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RaViheon
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Examples of Drawings with G D & T Tolerances
.625
0 i.3~5£003
.270
fA~ t*fø.003 Q~ B®I
2X.45X .06
0 1.000 ~ ,~ ~
I tJ_I0•°IA°~
+ .000 .005
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.002
sx Ø~2i0+.OOThHU —
.001
.005 ®
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1.125. 12UNF-2A
1*10.003
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Drawing Practices.
fla$heon
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Drawing numbering
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Creatio.n and release of drawings
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Steps involved in making changes to released drawings
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Drawing Numbering
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Ra$heOn
Information specified in the title block Drawing number selected from a block of nUmbers assigned b y the project C M office —
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First fe w digits specify the project (top-level product) Next fe w digits specify the major subsystem Last fe w digits specify the part
Name of the part (first line) Name of the next assemb ly part belongs to (second line) Size of.the drawing & revision level Cage code of the part manufacturer
E x a m p le
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THIR~LE P R O J E C T I O N
o f
D ra w in g
T itle
C O N TR AC T:
RAYTHEON COMPANY I T U C S O N . A R IZO N A
N00019-98-C0 iii UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED T OI LM EERNASI D N CO EN SS A R E I N M I L L I M E T E R S A N G L E S ±0.5 . FRACTIONS ± -
D ECIM A LS ±.XXX: • .XX: P A R T S S HALL B E F R E E O F B U R R S B R O K E N E D G E S .010 MAX SI UR AC F LF LE T EH R O U G H NM EA SX S
125
1
INTERPRET DRAWING I N A C C O R D A NC E W I T H ANSI YII.5M-I982 MIL-SID-I00
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DWNR
PFEIFLE
R I SE R
D ATE 0 0 0 4 0 6
C H K T .A R N D T
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D S lv i A C
ENGI~PANASITI CONTR
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B lo c k
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SIZE
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G O V T APVD SCALE
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F I N G ER R S E N S ~J
OLD
C AG E C O D E
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IDWG NO
15090 I 2.000
2219 8
SHEET
32 I
OF
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Drawing Release Steps
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Drawing prepared by engineer/designer Reviewed by engineers from other disciplines (optical, mechanical, electronics, material, structural, thermal, manufacturing, etc.) All changes are redlined and provided to the creator of the drawing Drawing is checked by a checker Drawing is updated and released as Rev (Initial Release) A number of persons approve th e release of drawing C M office vaults a n electronic copy of the released drawing in company database Electronic copy is available as “Read Only” to all persons who have access privileges for that program -
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Drawing Changes •
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Reason for making. changes Fix drawing errors —
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Steps involved in changing a drawing —
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incorporate new notes Design and/or dimensional changes
Process initiated by filling out a Engineering Change Request
(ECR) form E CR is reviewed and approved by the affected disciplines E C R is then presented to the Change Control Board (CCB) CCB authorizes making the changes to the drawing Changes are made to the drawing Drawing goes thru review and checking cycle. Changed drawing is presented to C C B for final approval Changed drawing is released again as next revision level
~aytbeo~ E C R NUMBER
Engineering Change Request
lb. R E V
18931RMS (6/97)
SHEET lo. P R O G R A M
le. P R O G R A M C O N T R OL N U M B E R .
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SHEETS 2a. N EW
2. DOCUMENTS A F F E C T E D
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2b. C H A N G E D 2c . D E L E T E D .EO~MB E~_
id. C O N T R A C T N O .
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3 . T I T L E OF CHANGE
PRODUCIBILITY
0 T E S T Y IE LD
D OCUM EN TA TION
0 P R O D U C T IM P R O V E M E N T
4 . SUMMARY REASON
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5. C A U S E / T Y P E
E ~ JM E C H A N I C A L DESIG N
0 E L E C T R I C A L DESIG N
0 FABRICATION
0 VENDOR
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0 COMPONENTS/MATERIALS/PROCESSES
6. C L A S S I F A C T O R S DYES
DNO
7 . PROBLEM AND REASON FOR CHANGE
8. P R O P O S E D C H A N G E
DRAFTING
ASSEMBLY
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MANUFACTURING
SYSTEM/SUBSYSTEM
0 OTHER
Configurati~or~trol Boards • •
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Established by the program manager to approve or disapprove proposed engineering changes CCBs evaluate the need for changes, confirm change classifications and effectivities, and assure appropriate analyses of changes and their effects. CCBs are chaired by the a pplicable IPT leader or a nother delegated person authorized by the program manager. CCB membership is based on the contract phase and m ay include but is not limited to : a. Program IPT representative b. Program IPT configuration management representative c. Operations d. Engineering e. Contracts and Estimating
