Galvanizing Defects & Rectifications

@kcqkgf}fg` Deaeot ! \e~kf| Hetbids

@kcqkgf}fg` Deaeot ! \e~kf| Hetbids Ceègd= K( Kooe~t \(\emeot G( Geìtfkte O( Ocekg \E^( \e~kf| \es~igsflfcftv= @( @kcqkgf}ed D( Desf`ge| L( Lufcde| ) Akl|fokti| _( _teec Tv~e Tv~e ) _u|akoe _u|akoe

^|e~k|ed Lv= H'_|eedbk| ^ktgkfj Fg obk|è(^|ioess ! [K Qfskjbk _teec Kccfeds

_'Gi'

Deso|f~tfig

Okuse

Eaaeot ) \ehedv ) \es~igsflfcftv

@kcqkgf}fg` Deaeot ! \e~kf| Hetbids ; K^ÊK\KGOE IA Kctbiu`b tbe |eoihhegded {ukgtftv _IDFUH ia sidfuh dfob|ihkte fs kliut >';5 DFOB\IHKTE' ti >'? %# iooksfigkccv pbeg ti~~fg` K shkcc khiugt ia u~# hi|e fs kdded' Tbfs iateg |esucts sidfuh dfob|ihkte fg k dk|j veccip ti l|ipg oiciu| ig fs ège|kccv kdded tbe `kcqkgf}ed su|akoe' Tbe dk|je| ti tbe {uegob pkte| oiciu| pfcc ~|iqfde egbkgoed fgftfkc lktb ai| ai| ~kssfqktf ~kssfqktfig' ig' oi||isfig ~|iteotfig' < K_B DEÎ_FT_' ]fgo irfde de~isfts oiic tkje ~ckoe Ksb de~isfts k|e pbeg tbe oih~igegt fs df~~ed i| `|ev# gig(hetkccfo pbeg ft fs |ehiqed a|ih tbe lktb' de~isfts oigsfstfg` ia }fgo irfde tbkt bkqe leeg de~isfted ig tbe bit df~ `kcqkgf}ed oiktfg`'

_'Gi'

Deso|f~tfig

Hkfgtkfg oigoegt|ktfig ia _idfuh dfob|ihkte kt kliut >';5 ti >'?> %' @

Tbe oiktfg` fs gi|hkccv fgtkot ugde|gektb tbe ksb de~isfts' Ksb hust le |ehiqed kgd tbe oiktfg` tbfojgess qe|fafed ai| oigai|hkgoe ti tbe s~eofafoktfig |e{uf|ehegts' \ehiqe ksb a|ih kcc cf{ufd oigqevkgoe ~f~es

Okuse

LK\E _ÎT_' Tbe|e k|e seqe|kc okuses ia lk|e s~its' Kctbiu`b erocuded Tbese fgocude= a|ih F_i ;41;# lk|e Iqe| d|vfg`' Fa tbe tfhe letpeeg acurfg` kgd bit df~ `kcqkgf}fg` fs s~its ia kliut 5hh ~|icigèd ~|icigèd i| i| tbe d|vfg` d|vfg` teh~e teh~e|ktu|e |ktu|e fs tie bf`b# bf`b# tbe tbe lk||fe| lk||fe| ~|iteotfi ~|iteotfig g "<'< r <''>>0%' @ H'_|eedbk| ^ktgkfj cfae ia tbe oikcfg`' Fg obk|è(^|ioess ! [K Pbe|e geoessk|v# Au|tbe| okuses k|e= Qfskjbk _teec Kccfeds suob s~its hkv le Lcipiuts= acur de~isfts= stkfgs kgd fgocusfigs: heobkgfokc dkhkè:

?

K)\)G)O) \E^

K

K)G

\E^ Fa geoessk|v

K)\)G)O) \E^ K)\

\E^ Fa geoessk|v


_'Gi'

Deso|f~tfig

Okuse


4

LCKOJ _TEEC FG_ÊOTFIG' Fgs~eotfig ~|fi| ti bit df~ `kcqkgf}fg` fs ert|ehecv fh~i|tkgt'

Oih~igegts sbiucd le obeojed ai| dfsti|tfig okused du|fg` |iccfg` i| akl|foktfig' Obeoj ai| k~~|i~|fkte qegt# afcc kgd d|kfgkè bices: |ehiqkc ia pecd sck` kgd s~ktte|: qegtfg` ia iqe|ck~~fg` su|akoes: teh~i|k|v fdegtfafoktfig hk|jfg`s: ocek|kgoe ai| hiqfg` ~i|ts kgd ~itegtfkc ~itegtfkc dfsti|tfig dfsti|tfig due ti ti tbe ~|ioess' ~|ioess'

Fgsuaafofegt fgs~eotfig ~|fi| ti bit df~ `kcqkgf}fg` okg le tbe okuses ia dfs~ute' @

5'

LCK_TFG@ DKHK@E' _pee~ lckstfg`# dige oi||eotcv# sulstkgtfkccv fgo|ekses ~kfgt kdbesfig kdbesfig kgd kgd afgkc oiktfg` k~~ek|kgoe but dige fgoi||eotcv okg |esuct fg oiktfg` dkhkè'


Fgou||ed gi}}ce ~|essu|e: gi}}ce kg`ce: spee~fg` dfstkgoe: sf}e ia kl|ksfqe kgd |eovocfg` ia `|ft'

K bit df~ `kcqkgf}ed oiktfg` pf2 le ~k|tfkccv i| auccv dest|ived lv eroessfqe lckstfg`' \eae| ti tbe BD@K_K Oede ia ~|kotfoe' ~|kotfoe' D)L

K)\)G) O ) \E^ K)\

\


_'Gi'

Deso|f~tfig

Okuse


1

LCIPIUT_' _tkfgfg` kgd oiktfg` deaeots k|iugd ugsekced pecd k|eks kgd qegt bices# sfhfck| ti stkfgs oeksed lv pee~fg`'

^|e(t|ekthegt obehfokcs ~eget|ktfg` ~eget|ktfg` sekced sekced iqe|ck~ iqe|ck~ k|eks k|eks tb|iu`b tbe |e{uf|ed qegt bices kgd esok~fg` du|fg` fhhe|sfig fg tbe hicteg }fgo' Tbfs eaaeot tegds ti dkhkè tbe acur oiktfg`# okusfg` ciokcf}ed ugoikted k|eks'

^|e(bekt fteh ~|fi| ti fhhe|sfig fg }fgo lktb ti d|v iut iqe|ck~ k|ek ks huob ks ~issflce'

0

OCI@@ED BICE_' ]fgo afch oci``fg` i| ~k|tcv l|fd`fg` l|fd`fg` bices' bices'

Hicteg }fgo bks k bf`b su|akoe tegsfig kgd pfcc git eksfcv d|kfg a|ih bices ugde| 2hh fg dfkhete|'

K)\)G) O ) \E^ K

D)@ O) \E^ Fa Geoessk|v

Hkje bices ks ck|è ks ~issflce' \ehiqkc ia hicteg }fgo iqe| tbe lktb kgd kgd utfcf}ktfig utfcf}ktfig ia qfl|kti|s qfl|kti|s pfcc |eduoe tbe cfjecfbiid ia oci``fg`'

K

D)@ O Fa \e{uf|ed



_'Gi'

Deso|f~tfig

2'

OCI@@ED Fgsuaafofegt oegt|fau`fg` i| ~ii| Tbe oi||eot oegt|fau`fg` TB\EKD_' d|kfgkè ia tb|ekded kttkobhegts e{uf~hegt i| ~ist `kcqkgf}fg` Tb|ekded oih~igegts ig pftbd|kpkc a|ih tbe `kcqkgf}fg` tb|ekd ocekgfg` lv bektfg`# pf|e i| kttkobhegts bkqe lktb' l|usbfg` l|usbfg` i| iqe|sf}e iqe|sf}e tk~~fg` tk~~fg` ia ia tb|ekds di`èd pftb guts# pfcc ège|kccv |ehiqe }fgo' oci``fg`' Fa geoessk|v s~eofav decfqe|v ia licts kgd guts fg gutted u~ ak|h' @ DE_F@G _T\UOTU\E_ FG Diulce df~~fg` okg sihetfhes le Tiuob u~ kgd |e~kf| okg le HIDUCK\ used ti bit df~ `kcqkgf}e kqifded# tbe oist ia bit df~ CEG@TB_ KGD akl|foktfigs tbkt k|e tii cig` i| `kcqkgf}fg` |eduoed kgd tbe I^TFHUH PFDTB_ pfde ak| sfg`ce fhhe|sfig' Fa tbe iqe|kcc {ukcftv fh~|iqed# fa tbe TI _UFT akl|foktfig eroeeds tbe lktb sf}e# desf`g ia tbe oih~igegt fs KQKFCKLCE LKTB hehle|s fg tbe akl|foktfig hkv |est|foted ti tbe ceg`tb# pfdtb _F]E_' |e{uf|e tiuobfg` u~' kgd de~tb ia tbe `kcqkgf}fg` lktb' D)L DF_OICIU\FG@ KATE\ BIT DF^ Hkte|fkc sti|ed fg oigtkot pftb Igoe tbe okuse bks leeg @KCQKGF]FG@ |ustv steec# i| f|ig afcfg`s okg okuse |ehiqed tbe stkfg pfcc `|kdukccv OKU_ED LV su|akoe |ust stkfgfg`' dfsk~~ek|' @\FGDFG@ I\ L ITBE\ \E_FDUE_'

6'

;>'


Okuse


K)\)G) O ) \E^ \

O ) \E^

K

O ) \E^

K

O Fa îssflce


_'Gi'

Deso|f~tfig

Okuse

;;'

DF_TI\TFIG' Dfsti|tfig fs tbe ugpkgted pk|~fg` tbkt iooksfigkccv leoihes leoihes eqfdeg eqfdegtt kate| bit df~ `kcqkgf}fg`'

Tbe bit df~ `kcqkgf}fg` ~|ioess Use svhhet|fokc desf`gs: Use ioou|s kcc hicteg }fgo teh~e|ktu|e seotfigs ia sfhfck| tbfojgess: ia 45>de` O' Tbfs fs kt tbe cipe| _tfaaeg ug su~~i|ted tbfg pfcc egd ia tbe st|ess |ecfeqfg` seotfigs: Use ~e|ai|hed teh~e|ktu|e ai| t|ektfg` steec' Tbus# hehle|s pftb tbe oi||eot kgv fgbe|egt |iccfg` i| pecdfg` hfgfhuh legd |kdff: Use st|esses fg tbe akl|foktfig# k|e cfjecv lkckgoed lkckgoed i| i| stk`è|ed stk`è|ed pecdfg` pecdfg` ti le |eceksed' Tbfs hkv |esuct fg k teobgf{ues: Hkje use ia dfhegsfigkc obkgè# f'e' dfsti|tfig' teh~i|k|v l|koes l|koes ig tbfg pkcced seotfigs suob ks t|iu`bs# ovcfgde|s kgd kg`ce a|khes' Kqifd {uegobfg` kate| `kcqkgf}fg`' Oih~igegts okg le st|kf`bteged kate| bit df~ `kcqkgf}fg`' D)@ Tbe edè hist cfjecv ti bkqe tbese s~fjes fs tbe ckst ti cekqe tbe lktb D|kfgkè s~fjes k|e eksfcv ig pftbd|kpkc' Tbfs k~~cfes |ehiqed kt tbe lktb pbfce stfcc ~k|tfouck|cv ~k|tfouck|cv ti oih~cer oih~cer hicteg lut pftb oih~cer akl|foktfigs' akl|foktfigs# tbe sicfdfafed s~fjes pfcc le |ehiqed lv aettcfg` lv tbe `kcqkgf}e| ~|fi| ti fgs~eotfig' @

;<'

D\KFGK@E _^FJE_' _~fjes kgd tek|d|i~s ia }fgo iateg k~~ek| kcig` tbe edè ia k oih~igegt kate| bit df~ `kcqkgf}fg`'



K)\)G) O ) \E^ K)G

\E^ Fa ~issflce

K)G

O ) \E^ FA îssflce

_'Gi'

Deso|f~tfig

Okuse

@kcqkgf}fg` Deaeot ! \e~kf| Hetbids ;?' D\I__' @|iss D|iss de~isft a|ih tbe D|iss ~k|tfoces k|e littih littih ia tbe tbe }fgo lktb# t|k~~ed t|k~~ed fg f|ig)}fgo kcciv tbe oi|ge| ia k akl|foktfig' Tbe o|vstkcs ~|iduoed d|iss fgoi|~i|kted fg tbe oiktfg` pbeg bit df~ ~|eqegts ~|eqegts d|kfgkè d|kfgkè ia tbe }fgo fg tbe `kcqkgf}fg` steec' fgte|hedfkte k|ek kgd k lufcd u~ Tbese ~|eof~ftktfig ti ioou|s' tbe littih ia tbe lktb kgd k|e |ehiqed lv tbe `kcqkgf}e|'

;4'

;5'

DUCC @\EV I\ Tbfs k~~ek|kgoe fgdfoktes tbe HITTCED ~|esegoe ~|esegoe ia ertegsfqe ertegsfqe f|ig)}fgo f|ig)}fgo OIKTFG@ kcciv ~bkse `|iptb hused lv steecs K^ÊK\KGOE' pftb bf`b |ekotfqe ceqecs ia sfcfoig Ducc `|ev i| hittced kgd ~bis~bi|ius fg steecs' oiktfg`s okg k~~ek| ks k dk|j `|ev of|ouck| ~ktte|# ~ktte|# k ciokcf}ed ciokcf}ed ducc ducc ~ktob i|# hkv hkv ertegd ertegd iqe| tbe egtf|e su|akoe ia tbe oih~igegt

ACKJFG@ I\ DECKHFGKTFIG IA OIKTFG@' Gi kdbesfig kdbesfig ia }fgo ti steec su|akoe' Tbfoj# |iu`b oiktfg`'

^|e~k|ed Lv= H'_|eedbk| ^ktgkfj Fg obk|è(^|ioess ! [K ACUR DEÎ_FT_# Qfskjbk _teec Kccfeds _TKFG_ KGD ;1'


K)\)G)O) \E^

D|iss oigsfsts ia tbe skhe f|ig)}fgo kcciv ks tbe oiktfg`# ft pfcc ~|iqfde tbe skhe oi||isfig ~|iteotfig ~|iteotfig ks ks k gi|hkc gi|hkc bit bit df~ `kcqkgf}ed oiktfg`' @

\)G Heobkgfokccv |ehiqe fa ~issflce# |e~kf| i| |e( `kcqkgf}e O)\E^ FA geoessk|v

Kctbiu`b git ks kestbetfokccv ~ceksfg` ~ceksfg` ks k oiktfg` oiktfg` pftb pftb a|ee }fgo ig tbe su|akoe# k ducc `|ev oiktfg` ~|iqfdes sfhfck| i| bitte| oi||isfig ~|iteotfig' D)_

Bf`b ~bis~bi|ius oigtegt "`|ekte| tbkg >'>?% okuses egtf|e oiktfg` ti deckhfgkte a|ih tbe steec'

Use k steec tbkt bks k ~bis~bi|i ~bis~bi|ius us oigtegt oigtegt ia cipe| tbkg >'>?% D)_

Acur de~isfts i| stkfgs hkv ioou|

Acur de~isfts i| stkfgs sbiucd le

K

\)G


_'Gi'

Deso|f~tfig

;0'

DF_OICIU\KTFIG Fgkde{ukte |e~kf| ia k dkhkèd IA TBE ^KFGT su|akoe ig tbe bit df~ `kcqkgf}ed OIKTFG@ IQE\ oiktfg` ~|fe| ti tbe k~~cfoktfig ia k BIT DF^ ~kfgt oiktfg`' oiktfg`' @KCQKGF@FG@ KATE\ ERÎ_U\E TI TBE EGQF\IGHEGT'

Hkje use ia tbe oi||eot |e~kf| hkte|fkcs kgd k~~cfoktfig ~|ioedu|e ~|ioedu|ess pbeg tiuobfg` tiuobfg` u~ out i| pecded bit df~ `kcqkgf}ed oih~igegts#

OIKTFG@ TBFOJGE__ ^\IQFDED IG AK_TEGE\_ U_E TI K__EHLCE BIT DF^ @KCQKGF]ED _T\UOTU\E_

_~eofav bit df~ `kcqkgf}ed akstege|s ti F_I ;41;# pbe|e |e{uf|ed' Kcte|gktfqecv iqe|oikt akstege| pftb kg k~~|iqed }fgo |fob ~ifgt i| e~irv'

;2'


Okuse

Gi hktte| hktte| bip tbe }fgo }fgo oiktfg` oiktfg` fs k~~cfed# tbe oiktfg` cfae fs ~|i~i|tfigk ~|i~i|tfigkcc ti fts tbfojge tbfojgess ss fg k `fqeg egqf|ighegt' Iateg eceot|i~ckted akstege|s pftb fgsuaafofegt oiktfg` tbfojgess k|e fgoi||eotcv used fg erte|gkc egqf|ighegts'


K)\)G) O ) \E^

\

\E^ L

D)L

\

O ) \E^ Fa kooe~tklce


_'Gi'

Deso|f~tfig

Okuse


;6'

HEOBKGFOKC DKHK@E' Heobkgfokc bkgdcfg` i| t|kgs~i|t dkhkè hkv ioou|# ~k|tfouck|cv ~k|tfouck|cv pftb ert|ehecv tbfoj oiktfg`s# pbfob tegd ti le l|fttce fg gktu|e'

Tbe use ia obkfgs# pf|e |i~es# d|k``fg` i| d|i~~fg` ia tbe oih~igegt igti k bk|d su|akoe# okg okuse heobkgfokc dkhkè' Tbfs fs ~k|tfouck|cv ~k|tfouck|cv |eceqkgt |eceqkgt pftb pftb tbfoj l|fttce oiktfg` oiktfg`s' s'

Pk|hfg` cklecs# bf`bcf`btfg` k tbfoj oiktfg` kgd ~issflce dkhkè fa hkgbkgdced# sbiucd le kttkobe kttkobed d lv tbe `kcqkgf}e `kcqkgf}e|# |# leai|e leai|e tbe oih~i oih~igegt gegt fs t|kgs~i|ted' Tbe use ia gvcig cfatfg` scfg`s fs |eoihhegded' @)L

IRFDE CFGE_' Cf`bt kcuhfgfuh irfde afch cfges ig bit df~ `kcqkgf}ed su|akoe'

Due ti tbe sbk~e kgd ) i| d|kfgkè oigdftfigs ia sihe oih~igegts# tbe bifst o|kge bks sti~~ed kgd stk|ted u~ig pftbd|kpkc ia tbe ftehs a|ih tbe hicteg }fgo'

Gi eaaeot eaaeot ig oi||isfig oi||isfig |esfstkgoe' Tbe iqe|kcc k~~ek|kgoe leoihes ugfai|h fg tfhe' @

<>'


K)\)G) O ) \E^ K

\E^ Fa geoessk|v

K


_'Gi'

Deso|f~tfig

Okuse

<;'

^FH^CE_ I\ LCF_TE\_' ^fh~ces i| lcfste|s ai|hed du|fg` bit df~ `kcqkgf}fg` k|e usukccv kssiofkted pftb su|akoe fh~e|aeotfigs suob ks d|iss fgocusfigs'

D|iss ~fh~ces |esuct a|ih k`ftktfig ia Tbe `kcqkgf}e| sbiucd kqifd tbe d|iss ckve| kt tbe littih ia tbe lktb dfstu|lfg` tbe d|iss ckve| kt tbe i| a|ih d|k``fg` hkte|fkc tb|iu`b tbe littih littih ia tbe tbe lktb lv d|iss ckve|' Tbev k~~ek| ks shkcc# bk|d oigt|iccfg` fhhe|sfig de~tbs cuh~s ig kg itbe|pfse gi|hkc kgd d|essfg` |eùck|cv' _fgoe `kcqkgf}ed su|akoe' Lcfste|s hkv le d|iss ~fh~ces |e~|esegt hfgi| ai|hed lv bvd|ièg# pbfob fs klsi|led dfstu|lkgoes fg oiktfg` dk|fg` ~fojcfg` kgd dfaaused kt ugfai|hftv# tbev di git kaaeot `kcqkgf}fg` teh~e|ktu|es' oi||isfig |esfstkgoe' @

<<'

\EKOTFQE KGD Tbfs dfaae|egoe fg oiktfg` tbfojgess# fs GIG(\EKO GIG(\EKOTFQE TFQE l|iu`bt l|iu`bt kliut kliut lv k oihlfgktfi oihlfgktfig g ia k _TEEC_ PECDED hi|e |ekotfqe sfcfoig jfcced steec# TI@ETBE\' kgd)i| bf`b ~bis~bi|ius |esuctfg` fg k Qk|fktfigs fg oiktfg` tbfoje| oiktfg` kgd k cess |ekotfqe tbfojgess okg k|fse kcuhfgfuh jfcced steec# |esuctfg` fg k pbeg |ekotfqe kgd oiktfg` tbfojgess sihetfhes sihetfhes lecip gig(|ekotfqe steecs k|e tbkt |e{uf|ed fg tbe s~eofafoktfigs' pecded tiètbe|' sbiucd tbe `kcqkgf}e| le ksjed ti |e( Eaai|ts ti fgo|ekse `kcqkgf}e fg kooi|dkgoe pftb tbe oiktfg` tbfojgess ig s~eofafoktfig# tbe |esuctkgt oiktfg` tbe cess |ekotfqe steec tbfojgess ig tbe |ekotfqe steec pfcc le hkv |esuct fg kg eroessfqecv tbfoj# |esuctfg` fg k l|fttce ugdesf|klcv tbfoj kgd oiktfg` hi|e susoe~tflce ti dkhkè l|fttce oiktfg` oiktfg` ig tbe tbe hist |ekotfqe steec'



K)\)G) O ) \E^ K

O Fa geoessk|v




_'Gi'

Deso|f~tfig

Okuse

\EHIQKC IA Eroessfqe ocekgfg` ia tbe oiktfg`# ]FGO OIKTFG@ LV ~k|tfouck|cv ~k|tfouck|cv tbe edès# edès# lv heobkgfok heobkgfokcc EROE__FQE hetbids# okg |esuct fg ugoikted k|eks' OCEKGFG@' Ugcess itbe|pfse k`|eed# tbe `kcqkgf}e| pfcc cfhft ocekgfg` ia tbe afgkc oiktfg` lv heobkgfokc hekgs ti tbkt |e{uf|ed fg tbe s~eofafoktfig'


Tbe kaaeoted k|eks usukccv igcv k~~ek| kate| tbe oih~igegt fs fgstkcced' Ok|e sbiucd le ere|ofsed lv tbe `kcqkgf}e| ti kqifd iqe| ocekgfg`' @)L

K)\)G) O ) \E^ \

\E^ Kt tbe `kcqkgf}e| i| kcte|gktfqecv kt sfte

K <4'

\ICCFG@ DEAEOT_ FG _TEEC' Tbese deaeots hkvle l|ikdcv l|ikdcv ockssfafed ockssfafed ks ks su|akoe dfsoigtfguftfes fg tbe steec tbkt bkqe leeg leeg ecig`kted ecig`kted du|fg` du|fg` |iccfg`'


_teec hkv iooksfigkccv fgocude ckhfgktfigs# ck~s# aicds kgd gighetkccfo fh~u|ftfes# pbfob |esuct fg sfcqe|s |icced fgti tbe hetkc su|akoe' Deaeots ia tbfs tv~e k|e sihetfhes deteoted leai|e i| kate| ~fojcfg`# lut hkv igcv leoihe k~~k|egt kate| bit df~ `kcqkgf}fg`'

_u|akoe ackps fg tbe lkse hkte|fkc hkv le |ehiqed lv ciokc `|fgdfg` kate| bit df~ `kcqkgf}fg` aicciped lv |e~kf| ia tbe kaaeoted su|akoe' Hfgi| su|akoe deaeots pfcc git kdqe|secv fgacuegoe oiktfg` cfae' _

\E^ Fa geoessk|v




_'Gi'

Desof~tfig

Okuse


<5'

\IU@B OIKTFG@_# OKU_ED LV _TEEC _U\AKOE OIGDFTFIG_'

\iu`b su|akoes# tv~fokc ia oiktfg`s ig oi||ided steec su|akoes# okg le bit df~ `kcqkgf}ed sktfsakoti|fcv' Tbe oiktfg` pfcc# bipeqe|# |eaceot tbe tertu|e ia tbe sulst|kte' Itbe| okuses ia |iu`b su|akoes fgocude ugeqeg oicd pi|jfg`# iqe| ~fojcfg`# k bf`b `kcqkgf}fg` teh~e|ktu|e kgd ) i| ertegded fhhe|sfig fg tbe hicteg }fgo'

Tbe |iu`be| su|akoe pfcc ~|iduoe ~|iduoe k tbfoje tbfoje|| oiktfg` oiktfg` kgd |esuct fg k cigè| se|qfoe cfae' _

<1'

\IU@B BEKQV OIKTFG@_# OKU_ED LV K \IU@B _U\AKOE KGD ) I\ TBE OBEHFOKC OIHÎ_FTFIG IA TBE _TEEC –T\EE LK\J EAAEOT‘

\iu`b# bekqv oiktfg`s |eae| ti bit df~ `kcqkgf}ed oih~igegts sbipfg` hk|jedcv |iu`b su|akoes' Tbfs okg fgocude oiktfg`s tbkt bkqe k ège|kccv |iu`b su|akoe kgd# fg sihe okses# `|iiqe tv~e su|akoe oigafù|ktfigs# –t|ee lk|j eaaeot‘ okused lv qk|fktfigs fg su|akoe steec kgkcvsfs'


K ) \

K)\)G) O ) \E^ K




_'Gi'

Desof~tfig

Okuse


<0'

\IU@B BEKQV OIKTFG@_ OKU_ED LV FG_UAAFOFEGT OEGT\FAU@FG@

Eaafofegt oegt|fau`fg`# pfcc ège|kccv |ehiqe eroess }fgo kgd ~|iqfde k shiitb kgd ktt|kotfqe erte|fi|'

^|iqfded tbe steec)okstfg` su|akoe fs |eksigklcv shiitb# oi||eotcv oegt|fauèd k|tfoces pfcc ~|iqfde kg kooe~tklce afgfsb# @

_TKFG_ OKU_ED LV PEE^FG@

Tbe _kcts a|ih kofd i| acer tbkt bkqe ~eget|kted ~eget|kted ~i|ius ~i|ius pecdfg` pecdfg` i| letpee letpeeg g oigtkot su|akoes du|fg` ~fojcfg` okg pee~ kate| bit df~ `kcqkgf}fg` kgd pkte| {uegobfg`# ~|iduofg` k stkfged k|ek'

Tbe stkfg okg le eksfcv |ehiqed lv hekgs hekgs ia ia l|fstce l|usbfg`' l|usbfg`' _biucd tbe oih~igegt le destfged ai| k oi||isfqe k|ek# tbe o|eqfoe sbiucd le sekced pftb k sekckgt kate| ocekgfg`' D)L

Bekqv pkccs kgd tbfoj ackgès used fg tbe hkguakotu|e ia ~f~fg` okg kot ks k bekt sfgj pbeg fhhe|sed fg hicteg }fgo' Tbfs eaaeot oigsfde|klcv ceg`tbegs tbe fhhe|sfig tfhe' Iooksfigkccv tbe `kcqkgf}e| pfcc |ehiqe tbe ~f~es leai|e kcc tbe }fgo bks hected a|ih tbe fgsfde ia tbe ~f~e'

Tbe `kcqkgf}e| sbiucd egsu|e kcc }fgo beg leeg |ehiqed a|ih tbe ksfde ia tbe ~f~e lv cigè| fhhe|sfig tfhes' @

<2'

<6'

TF@BTCV KDBE\EGT CUH^_ IA ]FGO IG TBE FG_FDE IA BEKQV PKCCED _TEEC ^F^FG@'


K)\)G) O ) \E^ \

O ) \E^ Fa kooe~tklce K

O ) \E^ Fa geoessk|v \

O ) \E^ Fa kooe~tklce




_'Gi'

Desof~tfig

Okuse


?>

TIUOB HK\J_' Tbe }fgo fg tbe `kcqkgf}fg` lktb sbiucd bkqe a|ee kooess ti kcc oih~igegt su|akoes i| shkcc ughkted i| dkhkèd k|eks okg |esuct'

K|tfoces egte|fg` tbe `kcqkgf}fg` lktbs sbiucd git le fg tf`bt oigtkot pftb ekob itbe|' Mf``fg` pf|e sbiucd kcsi le ciisecv kttkobed ti ecfhfgkte pf|e hk|js' Pbe|e k oih~igegt bks leeg |estfg` ig mf``fg` i| df~~fg` e{uf~hegt# kg ugoikted k|ek kgd tiuob hk|j oiucd k~~ek|'

Hfgfhf}e oigtkot letpeeg oih~igegts kgd mf` oiggeotfigs' "Ciiseg mf``fg` pf|e&' _hkcc oih~igegts okg le oegt|fauèd '

?;

TV^FOKC _^KG@CED BIT DF^ @KCQKGF]ED OIKTFG@' K tv~fokc bit df~ `kcqkgf}ed su|akoe fs sbipg fg tbe erkh~ce' Tbe su|akoe fs sfcqe| `|ev fg oici| kgd git geoessk|v lut iateg bks k s~kg`ced eaaeot "]fgo O|vstkcs& fg k |kgè ia sf}es'


_u|akoe k~~ek|kgoes hkv qe|v kooi|dfg` ti tbe obehfokc oih~isftfig ia tbe steec' Oiicfg` |kte bks k df|eot eaaeot ig tbe su|akoe l|f`btgess kgd s~kg`ce sf}e' Ekste| oiicfg` usukccv |esucts fg k l|f`bte| oiktfg` pftb k shkcce| s~kg`ce sf}e'

@

_hkcc kddftfigs ia kcuhfgfuh ti tbe hicteg }fgo# l|f`btgess tbe oiktfg`' _)@

K)\)G) O ) \E^ K

\E^ Fa geoessk|v kgd kooe~tklce

K




_'Gi'

Desof~tfig

Okuse


?<'

UGEQEG D\KFGK@E' Ugeqeg d|kfgkè |esucts fg kg ugeqeg i| cuh~v k|ek ig pbfob }fgo lufcd u~ bks ioou||ed'

Tbe oigdftfig okg ioou| iqe| tbe egtf|e Kctbiu`b git ~k|tfouck|cv su|akoe `|fg fsickted k|eks' Ugeqeg ktt|kotfqe# tbfs oigdftfig digs d|kfgkè kcsi fgocudes d|f~s kgd tbe git kdqe|secv kaaeot oiktfg` egds ia ~its# |ugs gek| bkcis' Tbe okuse ~e|ai|hkgoe ~e|ai|hkgoe'' ^|itule|kgo ^|itule|kgoes es kgd fs pftbd|kpkc s~eed tii bf`b i| cip cuh~s# pbfob fgte|ae|e pftb `kcqkgf}fg` teh~e|ktu|e' hktfg` su|akoes k|e ugkooe~tklce' @

K)\)G) O ) \E^ K

O Fa geoessk|v K)G)\

??'

UGOIKTED _U\AKOE_ OKU_ED LV _TEEC _U\AKOE OIGTKHFGKGT_ I\ EGT\K^ÊD KF\'


\esfdues# suob ks ifc lksed ~kfgt# `|ekse# ifc i| cklecs ig tbe steec su|akoe i| fgoi||eotcv ~isftfiged qegt bices# okg |esuct fg ciokcf}ed ug(`kcqkgf}ed k|eks fg kg itbe|pfse oigtfguius `kcqkgf}ed oiktfg`' Deaeots kate| `kcqkgf}fg` okg qe|v fg oici| a|ih `|ev lckoj ti l|ipg l|ipg pbfce pbfce gi `kcqkgf}ed `kcqkgf}ed oiktfg` bks leeg ai|hed'

Egsu|e kcc ~kfgt i| `|ekse fs |ehiqed ~|fi| ti bit df~ `kcqkgf}fg`' Hkje usukc suftklce hk|jfg` ~egs ai| teh~i|k|v fdegtfafoktfig' Oi||eotcv ~isftfig kde{uktecv sf}ed qegt buls' L

\E^ Fa geoessk|v




_'Gi'

Desof~tfig

Okuse

?4'

UG@KCQKGF]ED _U\AKOE_ OKU_ED LV _OKCE I\ _KGD'

_kgd ig okst f|ig i| sokce ig tbe steec Tbese ug(`kcqkgf}ed k|eks hkv su|akoe fs ège|kccv okused lv tbe ioou| fg k cfgek| ~ktte|g ig ~|ioess ~|ioess used used ti ai|h ai|h i| |icc |icc tbe kg`ces# obkggecs i| itbe| |icced ~|iduot' ~|iduot' K ciokcf} ciokcf}ed ed ug(`kcq ug(`kcqkgf}ed kgf}ed ~|iduots' ~|iduots' Tbev Tbev okg okg kcsi k~~ek| k~~ek| k|ek fg kg itbe|pfse oigtfguius oiktfg` ig okst f|ig ~|iduots' _)@ okg ioou| fa sokce i| skgd a|ih tbe hiucdfg` i| |iccfg` fs git |ehiqed lv kofd ~fojcfg` i| kl|ksfqe lckstfg`'

?5'

UG@KCQKGF]ED K\EK FG TBE QFOFGFTV IA K PECD'


K ciokcf}ed ug(`kcqkgf}ed k|ek k|ek gek| k pecd okg le okused lv pecd scu` de~isft# pecd ~i|isftv i| pecd ugde|out' Irfde de~isfts kgd |esfdues a|ih pecdfg` k|ek |esfstkgt ti gi|hkc ~fojcfg` ~fojcfg` kdds kdds kgd hfgt le le |ehiqed |ehiqed leai|e leai|e tbe pi|j pi|j fs ~fojce ~fojced d kgd bit df~ `kcqkgf}ed'


Pecd sck` de~isfts sbiucd le |ehiqed lv tbe akl|fokti| lv hekgs ia kl|ksfqe lckst ocekgfg`' Tbe de~isft okg kcsi le |ehiqe |ehiqed d lv ~|i~e| ~|i~e| obf~~fg` obf~~fg` i| pf|e l|usbfg`' _bfecded k|o pecdfg` ks i~~ised ti scfoj pecdfg` fs ~|eae||ed ai| oih~igegts pbfob pbfob k|e ti bi bit df~ `kcqkgf}ed' L

K)\)G) O ) \E^ \)G

\E^ Fa kooe~tklce

\)G

\E^ Fa geoessk|v




_'Gi'

Desof~tfig

Okuse

?1'

U_E OIGQEGTFIGKC AFRFG@ HETBID_ _UOB K_ LICT_ KGD GUT_# I\ \E^KF\ DKHK@ED OIKTFG@_ OKU_ED LV PECDFG@ I\ GIG OIGQEGTFIGKC AFRFG@ HETBID_'

Oigqegtfigkc d|fccfg` kgd lictfg` kate| Oiktfg` |e~kf| okg le dige lv bit df~ `kcqkgf}fg` fs ~|eae||ed' _biucd }fgo hetkc s~|kvfg`# }fgo |fob pecdfg` i| giig oigqegtfigkc hetbid ~kfgte| ~kfgte| e~irv# e~irv# ~|iqfdfg` ~|iqfdfg` tbe ia afrfg` le used# |esuctfg` fg dkhkè ~|iduot ~|iduot oigai|hs oigai|hs ti tbe ti tbe oiktfg`# kg k~~|iqed |e~kf| |e{uf|ehegts ia tbe hetbid fs geoessk|v' s~eofafoktfig '

?0'

PECD _^KTTE\' Pecd s~ktte| fs irfdf}ed# gi|hkccv s~be|fokc er~ecced pecd hetkc# tbkt fs aused i| git igti tbe su||iugdfg` hkte|fkc du|fg` pecdfg`'



K)\)G) O ) \E^ K

\E^

D)L

Pecd s~ktte| fs okused lv pecd ~iic er~cisfigs pbeg fh~|i~e| pecdfg` ~k|khete| ~k|khete|ss k|e used# used# i| fa fa tbe hkte|fk hkte|fkcc fs df|tv i| oigtkhfgkted'

Ciisecv kdbe|egt pecd s~ktte| sbiucd le |ehiqed ~|fi| ti bit df~ `kcqkgf}fg`' Kctbiu`b git kooe~tklce fg te|hs ia tbe s~eofafoktfig tbe ~|esegoe ia tf`btcv kdbe|egt pecd s~ktte| kate| bit df~ `kcqkgf}fg` pfcc git kaaeot tbe oi||isfig |esfstkgt ~|i~e|tfes ~|i~e|tfes ia tbe tbe oiktfg`' oiktfg`' L

K)G




_'Gi'

Desof~tfig

Okuse


?2''

PET _TI\K@E _TKFG I\ PBFTE \U_T' Pet sti|kè stkfg i| pbfte |ust ks ft fs oihhigcv okcced# fs k pbfte qicuhfgius de~isft tbkt fs iooksfigkccv aiugd ig tbe su|akoe ia k a|esbcv `kcqkgf}ed oiktfg`'

Pet sti|kè stkfg "]fgo bvd|irfde& fs ai|hed ig a|esbcv `kcqkgf}ed su|akoes pbfob k|e fg ocised oigtkot fg ~|esegoe ia hifstu|e' A|esbcv `kcqkgf}ed oiktfg`s |ekot pftb tbe egqf|ighegt ugtfc suob tfhe ks k stklce }fgo ok|ligkte afch fs ai|hed ig tbe oiicfg` su|akoe'

Pet sti|kè stkfg oekses pbeg tbe okuse fs ecfhfgkted' Fa tbe oiktfg` tbfojgess kt tbe kaaeoted k|ek fs e{ukc ti# i| `|ekte| tbkg tbe hfgfhuh |e{uf|ed fg tbe s~eofafoktfig# ft fs git k okuse ai| |emeotfig# itbe| tbkg ai| kestbetfo |eksigs' Tbe cktte| fs sulmeot ti dfsoussfig pftb tbe egd use|' Oustihe| du|fg` t|kgs~i|t kgd sti|kè ' @)L

K)\)G) O ) \E^ K

O Fa geoessk|v

K

?6'

]FGO HETKC _^\KVED \E^KF\ K^^CFED TI FGKDE[UKTECV LCK_TED _U\AKOE_ I\ GIT PF\E L\U_BED KATE\ K^^CFOKTFIG'


Fg i|de| ai| }fgo hetkc s~|kvfg` ti ^|e~k|e su|akoe ai| |e~kf| lv kdbe|e ig k~~cfoktfig# tbe dkhkèd kde{ukte lckstfg`' Ciisecv su|akoe hust le kde{uktecv lcksted' Ks k~~cfed }fgo hetkc s~|kved ft fs dfaafouct git ti iqe| s~|kv# eroess oiktfg` kt tbe ~e|fhete| ia tbe }fgo hetkc' _~|kv ciisecv kdbe|es ti tbe |e~kf| sbiucd |ehiqed lv pf|e su||iugdfg` oiktfg`' l|usbfg` l|usbfg` fa get get |ehiqed |ehiqed## tbe|e fs gi oih~|ihfse fg tbe oi||isfig |esfstkgoe# @)L

O




_'Gi'

Desof~tfig

Okuse


4>'

]FG@ _^CKTTE\' _~cksbes kgd ackjes ia ciisecv kdbe|egt )}fgo# okused lv hifstu|e ig tbe steec su|akoe pbeg bit df~ `kcqkgf}fg`

Pbeg bit df~ `kcqkgf}fg` kg ugusukccv dee~ akl|foktfig lv diulce df~~fg` # hifstu|e kg tbe su|akoe ia tbe steec oigtkots pftb tbe hicteg }fgo okusfg` s~cksbes ia }fgo ti ciisecv kdbe|e bit df~ `kcqkgf}ed su|akoe'

Tbe ciisecv kdbe|egt }fgo s~cksbes k|e eksfcv |ehiqed' Kg er~e|fegoed `kcqkgf}e| okg egsu|e tbe oiktfg` iqe|ck~ ig diulce egd df~~ed su|akoe' Fs git qfsflce' @


K)\)G) O ) \E^ K

O

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