FUERZAS CONCURRENTES en LA CONFORMACION DE LA IDENTIDAD PROFESIONAL de LOS PSICOLOGOS Ana Diamant Lucia Moreau Lucia Salles Jorge Feld Facultad de Psicologia Secret Aria de Investigaciones Uba

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’I` A`k|iv`f fl Abim{maã`  Ilvr`{ fl V|k|càg gm{ kmcb{bmgû kmg xilgm{ xmflrl{ `i Xrmal{mr Mð`vbqb`   ` cã i` mrj`gb~`kbûg fli Kmgjrl{m) gmcoràgfmgm{ [lkrlv`rbm{ Vâkgbkm{' Li monlvbqm lr` vlglr |g` x|l{v` lg xrl{lgvl fl vmfm k|`gvm {l xrmf|kã` lg X{bkmimjã` lg li x`ã{  {morl vmfm v r`v`r li xrmoilc` fl i` amrc`# kbûg fli x{bkûimjm) ` p|l l{ l{` âxmk` gm ltb{vã` gbgj|g` k`rrlr` lg @rjlgvbg`' Li âtbvm ` l{l rl{xlkvm a|l v`g gmv`oil p|l lg im{ kbgkm `ðm{ xm{vlrbmrl{ `i  Kmgjrl{m {l krl`rmg {lb{ k`rrlr`{ {blgfm mkdm i`{ \gbqlr{bf`fl{ G`kbmg`il{–  $Cmrlgm) _') vl{vbcmgbm mr`i) 022:"' Lg 02<1 {l flffgl li xi`g fl l{v|fbm{ x`r` i` K`rrlr` fl X{bkmimjã` lg _m{`rbm) ` x`rvbr fl i` xrlltb{vlgkb` v`gvm fl i` k`rrlr` fl @|tbib`r fl X{bkmvlkgb` kmcm fl |g xrm # lkvm |gbqlr{bv`rbm  {l `xr|lo` li xrbclr xi`g fl l{v| # fbm{ x`r` i` K`rrlr` fl X{bkmimjã` lg i` \O@) `i vblcxm p|l {l fbkv` lg i` A`k|iv`f fl Clfbkbg` |g k|r{m fl vrl{ `ðm{ fl f|r`kbûg x`r` amrc`r `{b{vlgvl{ lg x{bp|b`vrã` bga`gvbi x`r` ib{b`fm{)  lg i` A`k|iv`f fl Abim{maã`  Il # vr`{) @rcbgf` @olr`{v|r fbkv` |g k|r{m bgvrmf|kblgfm i`{ bfl`{ fl Cli`gbl Eilbg' Kmg l{vm{) lgvrl mvrm{ `gvlklflgvl{) lg 02<: kmcblg~` lg i` \O@ i` amrc`kbûg {b{vlcàvbk` fl x{bkûimjm{' Lg li cb{cm xlrãmfm {l bg{v`i` li Bg{vbv|vm G`kbmg`i fl [` # i|f Clgv`i  o`nm i` fbrlkkbûg fli Fr' C`|rbkbm Jmiflgolrj) li xrbclr [lrqbkbm fl X{bkmx`vmimjã` lg |g dm{xbv`i jlgl # r`i p|l xlrcbvbû i` bgkmrxmr`kbûg fl l{v|fb`gvl{ xrbclrm  fl jr`f|`fm{ i|ljm ` i`{ v `rl`{ fl `vlgkbûg) `{ã kmcm i` `f{krbxkbûg fl im{ cb{cm{ `i râjbclg fl rl{bflgkb` dm{xbv`i`rb` $Fb`c`gv) ?880"' L{vl l{x`kbm l{ rlkmrf`fm kmcm |gm fl im{ xmkm{ p|l il{ fblrmg k`obf`) lg xilg` qbjlgkb` fl i` _l{mi|kbûg ?44? fbkv`f` lg vblcxm{ fli cbgb{vrm K`rrbiim $02<6") p|l l{v`oilkã` p|l {ûim im{ câfbkm{ l{v`o`g `|vmrb~` # fm{ x`r` li lnlrkbkbm fl i` x{bkmvlr`xb`  li x{bkm`gàib{b{ $A`ikmgl) 0221"' Fl i` c`vlrb`ib~`kbûg fl i` K`rrlr` fl X{bkmimjã` x`rvbkbx` |g kmgn|gvm fl xrmal{bmg`il{ kmg fl{lcxlðm lg bg{vbv|kbm # gl{ c`mrclgvl ltvr`|gbqlr{bv`rb`{  k|m{ fb{k|r{m{

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p|lf`g `q`i`fm{ i|ljm xmr im{ kmgk|r{m{ p|l im{ iljbvb # c`g kmcm xrmal{mrl{) {|c`gfm ` im{ kmgvlgbfm{ vr`fb # kbmg`il{) g|lqm{ {l{jm{ k|rrbk|i`rl{ kmcm li x{bkm`gà # ib{b{ #`|gp|l lg rli`kbûg ` l{vl vûxbkm {l lgk|lgvr`g kbv`{ lg xrmjr`c`{ fl c`vlrb`{ fl{fl c|kdm `gvl{#) i` rl﬏ltmimjã`) li x{bkmfb`jgû{vbkm) i` algmclgmimjã` kmg bg{xbr`kbûg câfbk`) i` x{bkmvlr`xb` kmg |g fb{lðm `{b{ # vlgkb`i p|l lcx`ic` kmg i` iãgl` fl mrblgv`kbûg  li lg # amp|l d`kb` im {mkb`i $Fb`c`gv) ?88;"' Kmg l{v` x`gmràcbk` vlûrbk`  fl `kmgvlkbcblgvm{ `k` # fâcbkm{) fl xmiãvbk` |gbqlr{bv`rb`  lg {`i|f clgv`i) {l brà flibgl`gfm li xlrffi xrmal{bmg`i p|l `fmxv`ràg im{ jr`f|`fm{ lg im{ `ðm{ {|o{bj|blgvl{  i` cmf`ibf`f fl bg{lrkbûg lg li k`cxm mk|x`kbmg`i'

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 x`r`ili`) xmrp|l xmr |g i`fm l{v`o` lg i` K`rrlr` fl X{bkmimjã` kmg Oiljlr) p|l vlgã` l{l vmgm rlolifl) fl b~p|blrf` rlolifl)  xmr mvrm i`fm bo` ` i` A`k|iv`f fl Clfbkbg`  d`kã` x{bkm`gàib{b{–  $P|brmj`) [') vl{vbcm# gbm mr`i) 0222" ' Kmg i` jr`f|`kbûg fl im{ xrbclrm{ x{bkûimjm{  `þg `gvl{ lg {| kmgfbkbûg fl `|tbib`rl{ l{v|fb`gvl{) i` amrc`kbûg `k`fâcbk` q` x`{`gfm fl c`gm{ fl câfbkm{) ffiû{mam{  xlf`jmjm{ ` i` fl fmklgvl{ amrc`fm{ x`r` li lnlrkbkbm xrmal{bmg`i) kmcm C`rã` I|b{` [bp|blr $Xbkdmg` Mk`cxm" xrbclr` x{bkûimj` jr`f|`f` lg i` @rjlgvbg`) lg i` \gb # qlr{bf`f fl _m{`rbm) p|l bgjrl{` lg kmgfbkbûg fl v`i ` i` lg{lð`g~` ' F|r`gvl im{ `ðm{ {bj|blgvl{ {l {|{v`gkb`g im{ xrbclrm{

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’'''li l{v|fb`gvl fl Clfbkbg`) fl @omj`kã`) lvkâvlr`) k|`gfm kmcblg~` {| k`rrlr` gm {mi`clgvl l{v|fb` im{ vltvm{ $'''" {bgm p|l v`cobâg vblgl |g `xrlgfb~`nl lg# vrl iãgl`{) k`{b {|oibcbg`i {b {l p|blrl) li `xrlgfb~`nl fli rmi' R d` `ijm c| bcxmrv`gvl p|l l{ li clg{`nl bcxiãkbvm fli fmklgvl `i `i|cgm p|l l{ li p|l UfbklS> l{vm p|l {m m q`g ` {lr |{vlfl{' M {l` p|l d` |g` `|vmrb~`kbûg> m il{ lg{lðm x`r` p|l {l`g kmcm {m  m' Xlrm lg X{bkmimjã` gm{ lg{lð`o`g câfbkm{ x{b# p|b`vr`{ m câfbkm{ x{bkm`g`ib{v`{  `ij|gm{ x{bkm`# g`ib{v`{ gm câfbkm{ p|l xlrvlglkã`g ` bg{vbv|kbmgl{ qlf`f`{ ` gm{mvrm{ $'''" lgvmgkl{ gm{mvrm{ l{v|fbào`# cm{ im{ vltvm{ x`r` kmgmklr im cb{cm p|l liim{) xlrm `i cb{cm vblcxm li clg{`nl lr`> |{vlfl{ g|gk` {lràg im cb{cm p|l gm{mvrm{' R l{m l{và lg i` bcxrmgv` fl i` k`rrlr`–  $Vñxaa) N') vl{vbcmgbm mr`i) 0222"' R` jr`f|`f`{ i`{ xrbclr`{ jlglr`kbmgl{ fl x{bkûimjm{) li fl{xiblj|l  im{ `q`gkl{ lg i` iljbvbc`kbûg xrmal{bm # g`i #`flcà{ fl jlglr`r {b{vlc`{ fl `ib`g~`{# vlnlg |g` vr`c` fl vlg{bmgl{ p|l q` ` iilq`r) {ljþg im{ k`{m{) ` `ff`g~`cblgvm{ m ltki|{bmgl{ bg{vbv|kbmg`il{ v`gvm fl xlr{mg`{ kmcm fl iãgl`{ vlûrbk`{' Li vlc` fli rmi xrmal{bmg`i l{và lg li lnl fl i` fb{k|{bûg) lg rli`kbûg kmg i`{ kmgfbkbmgl{ fl i` xràkvbk` fl i` x{b# kmimjã`  fli x{bkm`gàib{b{  kmg i` l{k`orm{` rli`kbûg kmg im{ x{bkm`g`ib{v`{) p|blgl{ ’`x|gv`g {blcxrl ` fl #   n`r {lgv`fm p|l li x{bkûimjm |gbqlr{bv`rbm l{ fbalrlgvl fli x{bkm`g`ib{v` Uljrl{`fm fl i` @X@S' Kmg liim fl # c|l{vr`g kûcm li jr|xm fl x{bkm`g`ib{v`{ {l {bgvbû `clg`~`fm lg {| xrmxb` bflgvbf`f xrmal{bmg`i ` x`rvbr  fl i` krl`kbûg fl i` k`rrlr` fl x{bkmimjã`’ $Jrljm  E`|ac`gg) 02:;"' Im{ ibflr`~jm{ #jlglr`iclgvl câfbkm{# p|l lg |g` xrb # clr` lv`x` {mg bgfb{k|vbfm{) kmg i` `ffrc`kbûg fl im{ x{bkûimjm{ lg i|j`rl{ p|l {|xmglg xrmxbm{) lcxbl~`g ` {lr k|l{vbmg`fm{' \g k`{m x`r`fbjcàvbkm im rlxrl{lg # v` i` krãvbk` fl K`rim{ [`{vrl ` i` mor`  ` i` dljlcmgã` fl Nm{â Oiljlr kmg li ’monlvbqm fl fb{k|vbr  krbvbk`r q` # rbm{ `{xlkvm{ fl |g xlg{`cblgvm fl bcxmrv`gkb` lg g|l{vrm clfbm $'''" rlxlg{`r im{ p|l a|lrmg g|l{vrm{ xrmxbm{ c`rkm{ rlalrlgkb`il{ $'''" `gvl i` fb{xlr{bûg lkiâkvbk` fl i` k`rrlr` lg i` k|`i gm{ amrc`cm{ $‡"  ` i` bgvlgkbûg cb{c` fl kmg{vr|br `ij|g` kmdlrlgkb` p|l a|l{l kblgvãffk` kmg li c`vlrb`i `xmrv`fm xmr cþivbxil{ bflmimjã`{– $[`{vrl) 02:8"' I`{ vlg{bmgl{ `i bgvlrbmr fli k|lrxm fl xrmal{mrl{ gm l{vàg `|{lgvl{' I` fb{x|v` gm l{ {ûim xmr im{ k`rjm{ # c`vlrb`ib~`f` lg im{ ii`c`fm{ ` kmgk|r{m{  i` kmgamr # c`kbûg fl n|r`fm{#) v`cobâg im l{ xmr i` dljlcmgã` bflmiûjbk`  vlûrbk`'

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068

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ib{v` m |g `fn|gvm jl{vàivbkm) p|l lr`g i`{ r`c`{ p|l cà{ m clgm{ lr`g kmcx`vboil{–  $Vñxaa) N') vl{vbcmgbm mr`i) 0222" ' Lg 021? {l `xr|lo` li vlrklr xi`g fl l{v|fbm{ p|l c`g # vlgfrà qbjlgkb` d`{v` 021:' L{l cb{cm `ðm) i` ltx`g{bûg fl i` c`vrãk|i` fl jr`f|` # fm{  i` x|n` xmr iljbvbc`r x|l{vm{ fl vr`o`nm iilq`g ` i` krl`kbûg fl i` @{mkb`kbûg fl X{bkûimjm{ fl O|lgm{ @b # rl{ # @XO@ # xrl{bfbf` xmr B{`oli K`iqm) ljrl{`f` fl i` \O@) k|`gfm li vlc` fl i` il fl lnlrkbkbm xrmal{bmg`i mk|x`o`  xrlmk|x`o` ` im{ x{bkûimjm{ fl lgvmgkl{ ' L{v` mrj`gb~`kbûg q` ` a|gkbmg`r lg l{vrlkd` rli`kbûg kmg i` k`rrlr`  rlkbâg lg 02:8 `klxv`rà xmr xrbclr` ql~ lgvrl {|{ `{mkb`fm{ ` jr`f|`fm{ fl |gbqlr{bf`fl{ xrbq`f`{' I` i|kd` xmr i` iljbvbc`kbûg xrmal{bmg`i l{ qbqbf` xmr im{ xrmv`jmgb{v`{ kmcm |g` qlrf`flr` lxmxl`) `kmcx` # ð`f` xmr |g` bgvlg{` cbibv`gkb` l{v|fb`gvbi  xrmal{bmg`i  kmg i` x`rvbkbx`kbûg lg im{ ûrj`gm{ fl jl{vbûg fl i` k`rrlr` p|l {l qlrà `or|xv`clgvl bgvlrr|cxbf` kmg i` ’gmkdl fl im{ o`{vmgl{ i`rjm{–) i` rlxrl{bûg) i`{ rlg|g # kb`{ fmklgvl{  |g g|lqm k`cobm fl xi`g fl l{v|fbm{'

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’Rm a|b c| c`rk`f` xmr cb lgvr`f` ` i` K`rrlr` fl X{bkmimjã` lg li `ðm02<2) xmr i` bg`|j|r`kbûg fl i` K`rrlr`) xmr d`olr kmgmkbfm ` jlgvl p|l k|r{`o` lg _m{`rbm $‡'") iilg` fl lgv|{b`{cm) iilg` fl x`{bûg xmr  li x{bkm`gàib{b{)  a|b kmgv`jb`f`) kmgv`cbg`f` xmr  liim{)  li dlkdm fl p|l l{m mk|rrblr`) v|qm c|kd`{ bcxibk`gkb`{> lr` |g cmclgvm lg fmgfl {l d`oã`g krl`fm fbalrlgvl{ k`rrlr`{ $‡'"' [l krl`rmg f|r`gvl li  jmoblrgm fl @rv|rm Armgfb~b  f|r`gvl li rlkvmr`fm fl _b{blrb Armgfb~b) `com{ c| q`imr`fm{ lg li `coblgvl bgvlilkv|`i  xrmal{bmg`i–' $Arblflgvd`i) B) vl{vbcmgbm mr`i) ?88?" Xmr mvr` x`rvl) vmfm fb{k|r{m fl i` clcmrb` {l rl`ib~` fl{fl |g i|j`r fl xmflr #li p|l mvmrj` li {lr xm{llfmr  fl |g` bgamrc`kbûg#)  fl{fl `iiã vr`~` c`x`{ k|iv|r`il{) {lð`i` armgvlr`{ lg fb{x|v`) kmi`omr` lg i` oþ{p|lf` fl i` `|vlgvbkbf`f bflgvbv`rb`  l{v`oilkl |g g|lqm mrflg ` x`rvbr fli cbvm fl krl`kbûg  vr`g{alrlgkb` $C`rvãg O`rolrm) 022?"' Vmf` db{vmrb` fl |g` xrmal{bûg l{ li rlkmrrbfm d`kb` li rlkmgmkbcblgvm `k`fâcbkm  {mkb`i lg i` oþ{p|lf` km # ilkvbq` fl |g xrl{vbjbm #`{mkb`fm `i fl i` bg{vbv|kbûg amr # c`fmr` #) l{ li xrmkl{m fl bg{vbv|kbmg`ib~`kbûg fl kblr # vm{ {`olrl{  i` kmg{vr|kkbûg fl rbv|`il{ fl lnlrkbkbm{ lg li c`rkm fl |g` bg{vbv|kbûg lf|k`vbq` p|l j`r`gvb~` lt # ki|{bqbf`f kmjgbvbq`  kmrrblgvl{ vlûrbk`{ fl kmg{lg{m $Jmg~àil~ Il`gfrb) 0222"  lg i` p|l im{ fmklgvl{ a|g # kbmg`g kmcm ’xmrv`qmkl{ fl kmc|gbf`fl{ fl c`vlrb`{) p|l ` {| ql~) lg {| kmgfbkbûg fl v`il{ l{vàg bg{lrvm{  {mg flkb{mrl{ lg |g` kmcxiln` mrj`gb~`kbûg fli kmgmkb # cblgvm p|l vblgl |g` db{vmrb`  ` vr`qâ{ fl lii` |g kmrx|{ fl {`olrl{ rl{xlv`fm{) gmrc`{ x`r` rlkmgmklr im{ vlc`{ ’cmil{vm{– m ’a`i{m{–  cmfm{ fl lqbv`r i` kmgv`cbg`kbûg kmgklxv|`i  xràkvbk` $Jmmf{mg) 0220"'

’I` xrbclr` jlglr`kbûg lr` c| bgvlrl{`gvl' A|l i` jlglr`kbûg fl Lcbib` Alrrlbrm) @gão`i F|`rvl $'''") p|l vlgã` `{xbr`kbmgl{ fl i` X{bkmimjã` kmcm kblgkb`' I` FL I@ XÀJBG@ 0;: @ I@ 06<

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bgjrl{â) p|l ` lcxl~`rmg ` {lr klgvlg`rl{) lr`g l{# v|fb`gvl{ p|l {lj|ã`g qblgfm ` i` X{bkmimjã` kmg |g` mrblgv`kbûg qlrf`flr`clgvl kblgvãffk`‡– $@~km`j`) N) vl{vbcmgbm mr`i) 0222" I` fâk`f` fl im{ 18 # i` fl i` xrmal{bmg`ib~`kbûg fl i` x{bkmimjã` # l{ cbr`f` kmcm i` fl i`{ jr`gfl{ rlamrc`{) flgvrm  a|lr` fl i` |gbqlr{bf`f) i` fli k|l{vbmg`cblgvm ` i`{ ’kmgqlgkbmgl{ p|l jmolrg`o`g li l{x`kbm) li vblc # xm $'''"  li `|i` `|vmkmgvlgbf` kmg {| c`l{vrm `b{i`fm–) i` fl i` xrmx|l{v` fl ’i`{ amrc`{ `rp|bvlkvûgbk`{  xl # f`jûjbk`{ Up|lS floã`g `vlgflr ` i`{ g|lq`{ a|gkbmgl{ $'''"  i`{ g|lq`{ kmgklxkbmgl{ Up|lS ltbjã`g |g` g|lq` jr`càvbk` fl i` bg{vr|kkbûg) `{ã kmcm lfbffkbm{ `oblrvm{– $V`ke  Vmobg) 022<"' R l{vm {|klfl lg kmg{mg`gkb` kmg li l{v`iibfm  i` `xrm# xb`kbûg xmr x`rvl fl im{ {lkvmrl{ cà{ `q`g~`fm{ fl i` {mkblf`f fl im{ xrmf|kvm{ k|iv|r`il{ fl i`{ q`gj|`rfb`{) `i vblcxm p|l {l l{v`oilkl # {mkb`i  xrmal{bmg`iclgvl # li kmgklxvm fl ’k`cxm fl i` [`i|f Clgv`i– $K`rxbgvlrm  Q`bglr) 0222" ) k|`gfm im{ xrbclrm{ jr`f|`fm{ lcxbl # ~`g ` x|n`r xmr bg{v`i`r{l lg âi) lg l{x`kbm{ fl fmklg # kb`  fl xràkvbk` xrmal{bmg`i' Im jr|x`i) i` l{k|li`) i` |gbqlr{bf`f) li dm{xbv`i {bg c|rm{) li kmcxrmcb{m {mkb`i  i` x`rvbkbx`kbûg kmc|gbv`rb` x`rlklg i` `ivlrg`vbq`' [mg `ðm{ fl bggmq`kbûg lg p|l c|kdm{ rlolifl{ p|l k|l{vbmg`o`g ’i` {`obf|rã` kmgqlgkbmg`i fl i` lf|k` # kbûg $'''" krllrmg p|l xmfã`g  floã`g cmfbffk`r amrc`{ bg{vbv|kbmg`il{– $V`ke  Vmobg) 022<" p|l rl{|iv`rmg rã # jbf`{  ibcbv`f`{ lg |g` k|iv|r` kmcm l{klg`rbm lg i` p|l l{v|fb`gvl{  fmklgvl{ i|kd`g kmg i`{ bgvlrxrlv`kbm # gl{ fl clvàamr`{) ãkmgm{  l{vr|kv|r`{ fl {bjgbffk`fm{  lg i` p|l im{ {ãcomim{ vblglg bcx|i{m{ ` qlkl{ klgvrãa| # jm{  ` qlkl{ klgvrãxlvm{ $V`ke  Vmobg) 022<"'

’R x`r` cã flgvrm fli xrl{vbjbm fl im{ `ðm{ 18) xmgjm ` k|lgv`$‡" U`S Oiljlr) \iim`  Ibolrc`g' C`rkm im bgvlrl{`gvl fl im{ xrbclrm{ `ðm{ fl i` K`rrlr` kmg i` fb{k|{bûg p|l xrmcmqã`g) li dlkdm fl p|l ltb{vblr`g  xrmal{mrl{ kmcm Bv~bj{mdg  K`x`rrû{' Fl{x|â{ qbl# gl l{l dbvm fmgfl {l d`klg im{ kmgk|r{m{ mffkb`il{ lg

li `ðm 021<) p|l l{ vmfm |g `kmgvlkbcblgvm' Xrbclrm {mg im{ xrmal{mrl{) fl{x|â{ iilj`cm{ ` {lr im{ `|tb# ib`rl{  k|`gfm {l l{v`o` {|{v`gkb`gfm) qblgl li jmi#  xl  {l `g|i`g–  $Jrljm) O) vl{vbcmgbm mr`i) ?880" Lg i` vr`c` fb{k|r{bq` fl i` rlkmg{vr|kkbûg vl{vbcmgb`i) k`rj`f` fl kmgvlgbfm bflmiûjbkm p|l v`gvm kmdl{bmg` kmcm ar`jclgv` jr|xm{) {l kmcxilv`g k`rlgkb`{  {l bgkmrxmr`g ltxibk`kbmgl{) {l ’kmrrbjlg– fl{lp|biborbm{) {l c|l{vr`g rli`kbmgl{) {l bgvrmf|klg lilclgvm{ ffkkbm# g`il{ p|l `{lj|r`g xlrc`glgkb` xmr {morl {|kl{m{  dlkdm{ xm{vlrbmrl{' [l mxmgl) ` i` rbjbfl~ fl im{ kmgfb # kbmg`cblgvm{ i` xi`{vbkbf`f fl i`{ l{vr`vljb`{ fl rlxrl # {lgv`kbûg l bgvlrqlgkbûg) ` p|l li cmfm lg p|l |g` xlr{mg` {l rlxrl{lgv` |g` xràkvbk` {mkb`i x|lfl cmfb # ffk`r ` i` xrmxb` xràkvbk` $Flor`) 022:"'

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vl{S) xlrm xmrp|l xlg{ào`cm{ p|l gm {l xmfã` d`klr   x{bkmimjã` {bg x{bkm`gàib{b{' @{ã p|l a|bcm{ ` o|{k`r ` i`{ p|l lg l{l cmclgvm lr`g xlr{mg`{ rlkmgmkbf`{ $‡"' Im o|{k`cm{ ` Oiljlr $‡"  ` jlgvl kmcm âi–  $E`xi`g) @) vl{vbcmgbm mr`i) 0222" Xmr a|lr` fl i` |gbqlr{bf`f) im{ bgvlilkv|`il{ c`gbffl{v`g {| kmcxrmcb{m kmg g|lqm{ r|com{ k|iv|r`il{ p|l {l ltxrl{`g lg i` qmi|gv`f fl bgvlrqlgbr {mkb`iclgvl x`r` k`cob`r i` rl`ibf`f)  p|l {l c`vlrb`ib~` lgvrl mvr`{ km # {`{ lg i` `x`rbkbûg fl jr`g k`gvbf`f fl x|oibk`kbmgl{ kmcm amrc`{ fl fba|{bûg fl i`{ bfl`{ lg |g` fbclg{bûg cà{ xþoibk`  fl xrmcmkbûg fl fb{vbgvm{ jâglrm{ fb{k|r # {bqm{ $Jbic`g) ?88;") lg i` krl`kbûg fl l{x`kbm{ `ivlr # g`vbqm{ fl lgk|lgvrm  ltxm{bkbûg fl xrmf|kkbmgl{' I` vlcàvbk` fl i` lf|k`kbûg lg jlglr`i  x`rvbk|i`rclgvl fl i` |gbqlr{bf`f) gm l{và `nlg`) ’im{ clfbm{ bgamrc`vb # qm{ xmx|i`rl{ lgamk`g i` `vlgkbûg d`kb` i` lf|k`kbûg xþoibk`  i`{ âibvl{ lgk|lgvr`g vrbo|g` x`r` d`oi`r `jrl # {bq`clgvl– $V`ke  Vmobg) 022<" \g` xmrkbûg bcxmrv`gvl fl i` xmoi`kbûg |gbqlr{bv`rb` # fmgfl k|lgv`g fmklgvl{  l{v|fb`gvl{ fl i` nmqlg K`rrl # r` fl X{bkmimjã` # {l lgrmi` n|gvm ` `rvb{v`{ l bgvlilkv|`il{ lg i` bfl` fl i` xm{bobibf`f fl i` vr`g{amrc`kbûg {mkb`i) fl i` xrmcl{` fl |g c|gfm clnmr  fl i` x{bkmimjã` kmcm |g` o|lg` dlrr`cblgv` x`r` imjr`rim' I` ffj|r` fli xrmal{bmg`i # fmklgvl # bgvlilkv|`i {l bgvlr # {lkv`'  @x|gv`i`r i` amrc`kbûg xrmal{bmg`i) fb{k|vbr li rmi l bgvlr # qlgbr {mkb`iclgvl) x`rlklg `rb{v`{ fl |g cb{cm monlvm' D`klr li bvbglr`rbm fl i` qbf` `k`fâcbk`) i`{ xràkvbk`{ fl amrc`kbûg) i` xmiãvbk`  i` `kvbqbf`f {mkb`i fl im{ cmclg# vm{ a|gf`kbmg`il{) d`kl i`{ qlkl{ fl |g` k`rvmjr`aã` k|iv|r`i kmg li vr`~`fm fl {bjgbffk`fm{ fl {|xlrffkbl  xrma|gfm{ $V`ke  Vmobg) 022<"' Vr`g{cbvl |g {lgvbfm a|lrvl fl xlrvlglgkb`  r`bj`corl) p|l lgvrli`~` {bvbm{ kmg fbgàcbk`) `{mkb`fm{ ` gmcorl{ xrmxbm{) p|l a|lrmg mk|x`fm{) lg im{ p|l {l vr`o`nû) p|l `gvl `clg`~`{ a|lrmg flalgfbfm{) p|l c`rk`rmg l{x`kbm{ fl xmflr) {l k|bf`rmg {|{ armgvlr`{  {lð`i`g i`{ d|lii`{ fl im{ `gvlx`{`fm{ $@|jâ) ?880" '

’'''Rm bgjrl{m lg li <2  ljrl{m lg li 1;' Lg l{l xl# rbmfm vr`o`nâ kmcm l{v|fb`gvl  `flcà{ lr` `|f`gvl kmg Nm{â Oiljlr) kmg Nm{â Bv~bjd{mg) kmg @cbjmrlg`) kmg K`x`rrû{) kmgmkã ` vmf` i` jlgvl' $‡"'A|b flil# j`fm l{v|fb`gvbi) gm {â lt`kv`clgvl i` alkd`) xlrm a|b  flilj`fm l{v|fb`gvbi lg vrl{ xlrãmfm{) lg i` N|gv` Fl#  x`rv`clgv`i) rlkbâg krl`f`) x`r` i` A`k|iv`f fl Abim# {maã`  Ilvr`{' @dã l{v|ql vrl{ `ðm{' $‡"'Kmgmkã c|# kdm ` Vlic` _lk`) ` N`bcl Olrg{vlbg' $‡" Lg kblrv` amrc` cl {blgvm rl{xmg{`oil fl p|l Bv~bjd{mg d``  x`{`fm xmr g|l{vr` A`k|iv`f' $‡" Nm{â Oiljlr d`oã`  x`{`fm ` f`r Xlr{mg`ibf`f  p|lf`o` iborl Bgvrmf|k# kbûg ` i` X{bkmimjã`)  m d`oiâ kmg Bv~bjd{mg) il xrm#   x|{l li k`rjm fl Xrmal{mr Vbv|i`r  cl fbnm p|l {ã–  $F|`rvl) @) vl{vbcmgbm mr`i) ?880" Xlrm gm vmfm{ im{ bgqmi|kr`fm{) v`gvm flgvrm kmcm a|lr`

06?

fli l{x`kbm |gbqlr{bv`rbm) kmbgkbflg' Im xmiãvbkm) im `k`fâcbkm) im i`omr`i) li rlki|v`cblgvm  i` xrlx`r`kbûg fl `{xbr`gvl{) i` q`ibf`kbûg fl {`olrl{) im{ kmgvrmil{ {morl i`{ xràkvbk`{) li bgvlrk`cobm fl g|lqm{ kmgmkbcblgvm{) li rlkmgmkbcblgvm fl jr|xm{ fl rlalrlg # kb`) i` bgvlrxrlv`kbûg `klrk` fl im{ k`cbgm{ rlkmrrbfm{ fl{fl |g xrmlkvm bgvlilkv|`i d`{v` |g xrmkl{m fl xrmal# {bmg`ib~`kbûg) jlglr`g fl{`k|lrfm{ $Fb`c`gv) ?886"' X|lflg bflgvbffk`r{l x|n`{ lg li mrflg xrmal{bmg`i  fm # klgvl lgvrl l{v`oilkbfm{  rlkbâg iilj`fm{ lg rli`kbûg `i k`cxm xrmal{bmg`i  ` im{ cmfm{ fl bcxmglr{l lg âi) ’{l vr`v` fl rbv|`il{ a|{bmg`il{ p|l bcxmglg ` i` xlr{m # g` i` `ofbk`kbûg fl vmf` bflgvbf`f l{xlkãffk` x`r` {| # cbr{l lg |g` c`{` p|l {ûim il rl{vbv|l) ` cmfm fl bflgvbf`f) i` {mi` xlrvlglgkb` `i jr|xm  i` `fdl{bûg ` i` a`gv`{càvbk` kmcþg– $Clbrl|) 0224"' Li i|j`r fli fmklgvl) gm {ûim kmcm vr`g{cb{mr fl |g {` # olr) {bgm kmcm cmflim fl |g d`klr) kmcm `|vmrbf`f p|l c`jglvb~` lg i` gljmkb`kbûg) krlboil ` im{ mnm{ fl mvrm{) l{ |g qãgk|im p|l `c`ij`c` {lg{`kbûg  xlg{`cblgvm' $[lgglvv) 024;"' Lg l{vl {lgvbfm) i` bg{vbv|kbûg |gbqlr{bv`rb` l{ |g i|j`r  fl vr`o`nm) fmgfl im{ l{v|fb`gvl{ lg{``g kmgf|kv`{ xrl l{v`oilkbf`{  fl{`rrmii`g d`obibf`fl{ l{lgkb`il{ x`r` {| x`rvbkbx`kbûg lg `coblgvl{ i`omr`il{) {brql x`r` |obk`r ` im{ l{v|fb`gvl{ lg li `coblgvl {mkbm k|iv|r`i $Ck I`rlg) 0221" x`r` bg{vbv|br ` im{ xrmcmvmrl{ # j`r`g # vl{ fl |g xrmlkvm # bgflxlgfblgvlclgvl fli i|j`r p|l mk|xlg kmg li x`{m fli vblcxm) ` p|lflg lg i` db{vmrb` kmcm `klxv`fm{ m rlkd`~`fm{) qlgkbfm{ m qlgklfmrl{) kmg{bflr`gfm p|bâgl{ {mg im{ p|l `klxv`g m rlkd`~`g  {|{ cmvbqm{'

’Rm lgvrâ ` vr`o`n`r lg li I`gþ{ kmcm `i|cg`) lg li `ðm <2) kmg mvrm{ kmcx`ðlrm{ cãm{) `i|cgm{ v`cobâg' R  âr`cm{ `i|cgm{ xlrm vlgã`cm{ p|l f`r k|lgv` fl p|bâgl{ âr`cm{) p|â d`kã`cm{) x`r` p|â {lrqã`cm{' V|qbcm{ p|l flkbr lg p|â gm{ fbalrlgkb`cm{ fl im{  x{bp|b`vr`{' Gm{mvrm{ qlgã`cm{ ` rmo`ril{) q`ij` i` x`# i`or`) clrk`fm' Lgvmgkl{) lr` |g kmg{v`gvl fl{`aãm) |g` kmg{v`gvl x|l{v` ` xr|lo`  |g` kmg{v`gvl fl{q`# imrb~`kbûg' Xmrp|l d`oã`U`flcà{S |g` xrlfmcbg`gkb` fl c|nlrl{–  $Ilbomqbkd fl F|`rvl) @') vl{vbcmgbm mr`i) 0222" Im{ kmgmklfmrl{ fl i` fb{kbxibg`) lg{lð`gvl{ bg{vbv|bfm{) `{|clg i` rl{xmg{`obibf`f kmcm kmgn|gvm fl `|vmrbf`fl{) fl `xmrv`r |g` ffrcl iljbvbc`kbûg ` i`{ `kvbqbf`fl{ p|l {l`g `klxv`oil{ x`r` i` kmc|gbf`f' L{vm{ {mg bcxmr # v`gvl{ lg {| k`ibf`f fl ’mvrm{ {bjgbffk`vbqm{– p|l {|cb # gb{vr`g cmflim{ fl krllgkb`{  kmgf|kv` `flk|`f`{ ` g|lqm{ m bgflkb{m{ cblcorm{ $Jmmf{mg) 0220"' Li xrmkl{m fl xrmal{bmg`ib~`kbûg) cà{ p|l |g k`cobm lg li c|gfm `k`fâcbkm  lg li mrflg`cblgvm fl i`{ fb{kbxibg`{ kblgvãffk`{) l{ |g k|l{vbmg`cblgvm ` im{ cm # fm{ fl kmgmklr  fl d`klr) |g vr`~`fm fl |g g|lqm v` # oilrm) kmg |g qmvm fl kmgff`g~` ` i`{ dlrr`cblgv`{ `k` # fâcbkm #k|iv|r`il{ kmcm lilclgvm{ a`qmrlklfmrl{ fl

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