FTTH - Development Manual - Part 1

Emirates Telecommunication Corporation ‫مــؤسـســــة االمــــارات لالتــصــاالت – اتــصــاالت‬

FTTH Development Manual PART 1: FTTH Design and Installation

CSE-Access Network ETISALAT 16/07/2012

Version 2.6

Ch1 - 1

Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction......................................................................................................... Ch1-1 1.1 Purpose of the Document ............................................................................................................ Ch1-1 1.2 Types of Tenancies and Definitions ............................................................................................ Ch1-1 1.2.1 Home / Business Pass.................................................................................................... Ch1-1 1.2.2 Active Home / Business Pass ......................................................................................... Ch1-2 1.2.3 Home / Business Ready ................................................................................................. Ch1-2 1.2.4 Fiber Activated Home / Business .................................................................................... Ch1-3

Chapter 2 – Technology Overview .................................................................................. Ch2-1 2.1 Fiber to the Home (FTTH)........................................................................................................... Ch2-1 2.2 Bandwidth Demand .................................................................................................................... Ch2-1 2.3 Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (GPON) ..................................................................... Ch2-2 2.4 Optical Line Terminal (OLT)........................................................................................................ Ch2-3 2.5 Optical Network Terminal (ONT)................................................................................................. Ch2-4

Chapter 3 – Outside Plant Materials ............................................................................... Ch3-1 3.1 OSP Overview ............................................................................................................................ Ch3-1 3.2 Optical Distribution Frame (ODF) ............................................................................................... Ch3-2 3.3 High Density Optical Distribution Frame (HODF) ........................................................................ Ch3-3 3.4 Feeder Fiber Section .................................................................................................................. Ch3-5 3.5 Joint Closure ............................................................................................................................... Ch3-5 3.6 Outdoor FDH .............................................................................................................................. Ch3-6 3.7 Distribution Fiber Section ............................................................................................................ Ch3-6 3.8 Drop Cable Closure .................................................................................................................... Ch3-7

Chapter 4 – Inside Plant Materials ................................................................................... Ch4-1 4.1 ISP Overview ............................................................................................................................. . Ch4-1 4.2 ISP Fiber Distribution Hub .......................................................................................................... Ch4-1 4.3 Multicore Riser Cable ................................................................................................................. Ch4-2 4.4 Floor Distribution Box or Termination Box .................................................................................. Ch4-2 4.5 SC/APC Adaptor ......................................................................................................................... Ch4-3 4.6 Field – Installable SC/APC Connector ........................................................................................ Ch4-3 4.7 Drop Cable.................................................................................................................................. Ch4-4 4.8 In-house Fiber Termination Box (Rosette / Micro ODF) .............................................................. Ch4-5 4.9 CAT6 UTP Cable ........................................................................................................................ Ch4-5 4.10 RJ45 Jack and Socket .............................................................................................................. Ch4-6 4.11 RJ45 Connector ........................................................................................................................ Ch4-6

Chapter 5 – Engineering Design and Guidelines ................................................... Ch5-1 5.1 Network Topology ....................................................................................................................... Ch5-2 5.2 Network Management Topology ................................................................................................. Ch5-3 5.2.1 Huawei GPON ................................................................................................................ Ch5-4 5.2.2 Zhone GPON .................................................................................................................. Ch5-5 5.2.3 ALU NMS........................................................................................................................ Ch5-5 5.3 FTTH – OSP Network Architecture ............................................................................................. Ch5-5 5.3.1 Point to Point .................................................................................................................. Ch5-6 5.3.2 Passive Optical Network ................................................................................................. Ch5-7 5.4 GPON Design Criteria................................................................................................................. Ch5-8 5.4.1 OSP Design Criteria ....................................................................................................... Ch5-8 5.4.2 Central Office Characteristics ......................................................................................... Ch5-9 5.4.3 OLT/CO Location Selection Criteria................................................................................ Ch5-1 5.5 Access Network Definition ........................................................................................................ Ch5-11 5.6 GPON Access Network Design(FO Cable Development and Civil Work) ................................. Ch5-11 5.6.1 Green Field ................................................................................................................... Ch5-12 5.6.2 Brown Field................................................................................................................... Ch5-13 5.6.3 Sizing of Feeder Cables ............................................................................................... Ch5-14

5.6.4 Outdoor FDH ................................................................................................................ Ch5-20 5.6.5 Indoor FDH ................................................................................................................... Ch5-22 5.7 Pre-wired Deployment .............................................................................................................. Ch5-23 5.7.1 Pre-wired FDH .............................................................................................................. Ch5-23 5.8 New e-Life / B1‘s Business Process ......................................................................................... Ch5-28 5.9 Fiber Redundancy and Backup................................................................................................. Ch5-30 5.9.1 Diversity ........................................................................................................................ Ch5-30 5.9.2 Backup Solution Scenario ............................................................................................. Ch5-32 5.10 Type B Protection and Types of Splitters ................................................................................ Ch5-36 5.10.1 Type B Protection ....................................................................................................... Ch5-36 5.10.2 Types of Splitters ........................................................................................................ Ch5-37 5.11 Mobile Backhauling through GPON ........................................................................................ Ch5-37 5.12 Inside Plant (ISP) Network Design .......................................................................................... Ch5-37 5.12.1 FTTH Network Architecture ........................................................................................ Ch5-37 5.12.2 Guidelines for Commercial Units ................................................................................ Ch5-38 5.12.3 Guidelines for Various Types of Commercial Buildings .............................................. Ch5-39 5.12.4 Identifying the Number of Splitter Ports at the FDH .................................................... Ch5-41 5.12.5 Wi-Fi Backhauling Strategy ........................................................................................ Ch5-41 5.12.6 Wiring Architecture ..................................................................................................... Ch5-41 5.13 Selecting ONT Location .......................................................................................................... Ch5-42 5.14 ONT Cabinet Specification for Green Building ........................................................................ Ch5-43 5.15 ONT Deployment and Installation Rules ................................................................................. Ch5-44 5.15.1 Shared ONT ............................................................................................................... Ch5-44 5.15.1.1 Shared ONT Installation ............................................................................. Ch5-45 5.15.2 MDU-type ONT ........................................................................................................... Ch5-48 5.15.2.1 MDU-type ONT Installation ......................................................................... Ch5-48 5.16 ONT Types, Interfaces and Services Supported ..................................................................... Ch5-49 5.16.1 Huawei GPON ............................................................................................................ Ch5-49 5.16.2 Zhone GPON .............................................................................................................. Ch5-50 5.16.3 ALU GPON ................................................................................................................. Ch5-52 5.17 ONT Selection Flowchart ........................................................................................................ Ch5-54

5.18 Service Requirements and ONT Characteristics .................................................................... Ch5-54

Chapter 6 – Installations ....................................................................................................... Ch6-1 6.1 Optical Distribution Frame (ODF)- POP Location ....................................................................... Ch6-1 6.1.1 ODF on Concrete Floor .................................................................................................. Ch6-1 6.1.2 ODF on Raised Floor ...................................................................................................... Ch6-3 6.2 Unirack Module with 1:2-Splitter ................................................................................................ Ch6-4 6.3 Patch Cord Drawer ..................................................................................................................... Ch6-4 6.4 Unirack Module – Patch Panel for Distribution ........................................................................... Ch6-5 6.5 Patch Cord Selection, Routing and Termination ......................................................................... Ch6-6 6.6 POP to OSP Cable .................................................................................................................... Ch6-7 6.7 Fiber Optic Cable - Underground Installation .............................................................................. Ch6-8 6.7.1 Etisalat Criteria for Fiber Optic Cable ............................................................................. Ch6-8 6.7.2 Route Considerations ..................................................................................................... Ch6-8 6.7.3 Cable Overload Protection .............................................................................................. Ch6-9 6.7.4 Winching Equipments and Ropes ................................................................................... Ch6-9 6.7.5 Guiding Systems and Cable Bending ........................................................................... Ch6-11 6.7.6 Cable Friction and Lubrication ...................................................................................... Ch6-11 6.7.7 Cable Handling Methods for Long Span ....................................................................... Ch6-11 6.8 Outdoor FDH Installation .......................................................................................................... Ch6-12 6.9 Drop Closure Installation........................................................................................................... Ch6-14 6.10 Connecting Drop Cable in Drop Closure ................................................................................. Ch6-16 6.11 Drop Cable Termination at the Customer Premise ................................................................. Ch6-17 6.11.1 Fast-field Connector Installation ................................................................................. Ch6-18 6.12 Inside Plant (ISP) Network Installation .................................................................................... Ch6-20 6.12.1 Test and Inspection Equipments ................................................................................ Ch6-20 6.12.2 Installation Tools ......................................................................................................... Ch6-22 6.13 Planning the Work .................................................................................................................. Ch6-23 6.13.1 Liaison with Building Owner ........................................................................................ Ch6-23 6.13.2 Pre-installation Survey – Inside the Building .............................................................. Ch6-24 6.13.3 Pre-installation Survey – Inside Customer Premises .................................................. Ch6-24

6.13.4 Comparing Work Order with Pre-installation Survey Results ...................................... Ch6-25 6.13.5 Withdrawing Materials from Store ............................................................................... Ch6-25 6.13.6 Storage of Materials.................................................................................................... Ch6-25 6.13.7 Materials Procured by Contractor ............................................................................... Ch6-26 6.14 Execution of Work................................................................................................................... Ch6-26 6.14.1 PVC Trunking / Conduit Installation ............................................................................ Ch6-27 6.14.2 General Guidelines for Riser Installation .................................................................... Ch6-28 6.14.3 Indoor Drop Cable Laying ........................................................................................... Ch6-28 6.14.4 Indoor Drop Cable Installation through Existing Telephone Duct................................ Ch6-31 6.14.5 Termination of Cables ................................................................................................. Ch6-33 6.15 Drop Cable Termination in Micro ODF or Rosette .................................................................. Ch6-34 6.16 Indoor FDH Installation and Cable Termination ...................................................................... Ch6-36 6.17 Testing of Fiber Drop Cable .................................................................................................... Ch6-36 6.18 ONT Installation ...................................................................................................................... Ch6-38 6.18.1 ONT Installation with Extended Micro ODF ................................................................ Ch6-38 6.18.2 ONT Installation with PVC Trunking ........................................................................... Ch6-40 6.19 UTP Cable Installation ............................................................................................................ Ch6-42 6.20 UTP Cable Termination .......................................................................................................... Ch6-42 6.20.1 CAT3 Cable for Telephone Connection ...................................................................... Ch6-42 6.20.2 CAT6 Cable for High Speed Internet and IPTV Connection ....................................... Ch6-43 6.21 Testing of UTP Cable.............................................................................................................. Ch6-47 6.22 Completion of Work ................................................................................................................ Ch6-49 6.22.1 Reconciliation of Materials .......................................................................................... Ch6-49

Chapter 7 – Labeling ................................................................................................................ Ch7-1 7.1 Cable Labeling ............................................................................................................................ Ch7-1 7.2 Labeling Machine........................................................................................................................ Ch7-2 7.3 Labeling Using Ferule Cable Marker ........................................................................................... Ch7-2 7.4 Patch Cord and Drop Cable Labeling Guide in Indoor FDH ........................................................ Ch7-2 7.4.1 Label legends ................................................................................................................. Ch7-2 7.4.2 Label size ....................................................................................................................... Ch7-3

7.4.3 Patch cord labeling ......................................................................................................... Ch7-3 7.4.4 Multicore cable labeling .................................................................................................. Ch7-3 7.4.5 Fiber drop cable labeling ................................................................................................ Ch7-4

Chapter 8 –Customer Services and Network Selection ..................................... Ch8-1 8.1 Residential / Business Service Requirements ............................................................................ Ch8-1 8.2 Business Services ...................................................................................................................... Ch8-5 8.2.1 Supported MTU Values for Business Services ............................................................... Ch8-5 8.2.2 Pro Connect.................................................................................................................... Ch8-6 8.2.3 Etisalat/Customer Data Center Connectivity ................................................................... Ch8-7 8.2.4 Service Level Agreement................................................................................................ Ch8-8 8.2.5 Business Services Network Selection and FTTH/B Considerations ............................. Ch8-12 8.3 Diversity Provisioning Standard for Enterprise Customers,VIP, Strategic Critical Sites&Others Ch8-13 8.3.1 Infrastructure Development and Charge Policy ............................................................ Ch8-13 8.4 Service Profiles ......................................................................................................................... Ch8-17 8.4.1 VLAN Configuration ...................................................................................................... Ch8-17 8.4.2 IP-VPN VLAN Assignment ............................................................................................ Ch8-17 8.5 Automation of Services ............................................................................................................. Ch8-18 8.5.1 Huawei GPON .............................................................................................................. Ch8-18 8.5.2 Zhone GPON ................................................................................................................ Ch8-18 8.5.3 ALU GPON ................................................................................................................... Ch8-18 8.6 Specific Characteristics and Constraints................................................................................... Ch8-19 8.6.1 Reach Limitations ......................................................................................................... Ch8-19 8.6.2 2G/3G Network Connection over FTTH/B .................................................................... Ch8-19 8.7 Point to Point Connectivity ........................................................................................................ Ch8-19 8.8 Clarifications ............................................................................................................................. Ch8-19

Chapter 9 – Outsource Activities and Other Working Instructions ............ Ch9-1 9.1 Outsource Activities .................................................................................................................... Ch9-1

9.1.1 Contract 44H/2011.......................................................................................................... Ch9-1 9.1.2 Contract 180H/2010........................................................................................................ Ch9-1 9.1.3 Contract 24H/2011.......................................................................................................... Ch9-2

Chapter 10 – Safety ................................................................................................................ Ch10-1 10.1 Safety Precautions when Working on Fiber Optic Cables ....................................................... Ch10-1

Chapter 11 – Glossary .......................................................................................................... Ch11-1

Chapter 1 – Introduction 1.1 Purpose of the Document This document will combine end-to-end guidelines including: Access, Outside Plant (OSP) & Inside Plant (ISP) covering all aspects required for implementing a smooth roll-out of the Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (GPON) and all services shall be offered. This document shall ensure that the investment made in the Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) technology can be used most efficiently in future and ensure, that the network planned today is future proof. Zero touch, no future additional burying to extend the network and the way forward to all-IP network are the buzzwords.

1.2 Type of Tenancies and Definitions “Residential Tenants” refers to private users in their homes. Residential users may live in ―MDU‖ (MultiDwelling Units such as apartments / condominiums) or ―SFU‖ (Single-Family dwelling Units such as standalone houses / villas / land property). “Business Tenants” refers to large (corporate), medium, and small business, Small-Office-Home-Office Business (SOHO) users. Types: Whole building owned by one customer, Open floor: many offices on floor (ONT in each office).

1.2.1 Home / Business Pass Fiber terminated in the Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) in case of building or drop closure in case of villas from the access Point of Presence (POP) without an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) port allocated.

Figure 1-1: Home / Business Pass

FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation

Ch1 - 1

1.2.2 Active Home / Business Pass Fiber terminated in the FDH in case of building or drop closure in case of villas from the access POP with an active OLT port terminated.

Figure 1-2: Active Home / Business Pass

Notes:  Active Home / Business Pass state to be added in internal reporting and to be used for Home / Business Pass SLA commitments.  Home / Business Pass and Active Home / Business Pass figures shall show actual number of flats / villas covered and NOT the splitter ports.

1.2.3 Home / Business Ready Fiber is extended into the customers premise and terminated on a Rosette, with an active OLT port terminated.

Figure 1-3: Home / Business Ready


Ch1 - 2

1.2.4 Fiber Activated Home / Business ONT is installed and activated and at least one service is up and running over the FTTH/B network.

Figure 1-4: Fiber Activated Home / Business


Ch1 - 3

Chapter 2 – Technology Overview 2.1 Fiber to the Home (FTTH) The twenty-first century heralded countless changes in the telecommunications, means to deliver services to residential and business consumers. The phenomenon is underpinned by two technologies: Internet Protocol (IP) and Optical Fiber. The technology provides triple play (viz) voice, video, and data services over a common protocol—IP. Operators are quickly moving to maximize the number of services offered to a single customer via a bundled offering. Technologies such as IP telephony, IP Television (IPTV), and broadband will become a common requirement. As bundled services and technologies are deployed, the legacy networks designed to efficiently deliver a single service are stressed, and in many cases incapable of offering the desired services. The telecommunications has matured to offer network convergence and enable the revolution of consumer media device interaction. The aging copper access infrastructure in residential and business locations is unable to meet the demand of increase in bandwidth for several applications. These demands can only be met by the deeper penetration of optical fiber in Access Networks and increasing deployment of Fiber-tothe-Home (FTTH). As a result, FTTH is the fastest-growing global broadband technology with significant deployments. The development of single mode optical fiber, with its nearly unlimited bandwidth has unlocked the possibilities for massive deployment of long-haul and access fiber optic networks, resulting in three important changes:   

Huge capacity increases Substantial cost reductions in equipment, operations and maintenance Significantly improved Quality of Service (QoS)

2.2 Bandwidth Demand Operators will need capability of delivering more than 40Mbps per tenant over the next few years, as multiple services are used in the home. High-Definition TV (HDTV) becomes more prevalent, and users demand faster internet connections. Hence, the need to deploy more single mode optical fiber, deeper in the Access Networks, has become a necessity. Such a fiber deployment shall meet the high bandwidth requirements of customers, ensure the network future proof, maximizes the symmetrical bandwidth throughput of a carrier‘s Access Network, provide network reliability, reduce operating expenses and will enhance the revenue opportunities. The industry refers to this technology as Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH).


Ch2 - 1

2.3 Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (GPON) The Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (GPON) family of specifications has been released by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in the ITU-T G-984.x series of documents starting from 2003. GPON technology is not backward compatible to APON or BPON. An alternative technology has been specified by the North American IEEE based on Ethernet and thus named Ethernet PON (EPON) or Gigabit Ethernet PON (GEPON). The corresponding standard is IEEE 802.3ah. EPON and GEPON are not compatible. All PON technologies are based on the same principal layout of a Passive Optical Network as shown in Figure 2-1. A number of terminals at the customer side communicate with the same port of the Optical Line Terminal (OLT) in the Central Office (CO). The full bandwidth of this port is shared between the connected Optical Network Terminals (ONT‘s). ONT‘s can be designed for single or multiple user Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) deployment. ONT‘s are available for indoor and outdoor installation. In Etisalat, both indoor and outdoor type shall be deployed. ONT‘s can be located directly in the customer premises.

Figure 2-1: Principle Layout of Passive Optical Network

GPON can be operated on 1 or 2 fibers, symmetrical or asymmetrical. Up to 7 combinations of Upstream (1260nm–1360nm) and Downstream (1480nm-1500nm) transmission rates are possible, of which the highest are 2.5Gbit/s and 1.25Gbit/s. Etisalat and many other operators favored 2.5Gbit/s for downstream and 1.25Gbit/s for upstream transmission in order to be most future-proof. The single fiber GPON operates on different wavelengths for upstream and downstream directions. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation

Ch2 - 2

Parameter Category:

Downstream

2.5 Gbit/s Nominal

Upstream

1.25 Gbit/s Nominal

All specified parameters are in accordance with ITU-T Rec. G.984.2.

Figure 2-2: Typical GPON Deployment

2.4 Optical Line Terminal (OLT) OLT is installed in the Central Office in standard 19" ETSI rack with front access for fiber termination. The OLT has;   

2 or 3 sub-racks Each sub-rack supports 16 GPON cards Each card has four/eight PON ports.

These are active equipments, each capable to deliver 2.5Gbps downstream and 1.25Gbps upstream. The laser at the OLT is a distributed-feedback laser, and is always on.


Ch2 - 3

Figure 2-3: Optical Line Terminal

2.5 Optical Network Terminal (ONT) The ONT receives the signal from the OLT and converts into usable electronic signals for the user‘s telephone, computer, TV or other devices. The ONT also serves to communicate IP traffic back to the OLT, such that voice conversations can occur, Web pages can be requested, and TV channels can be changed, all at the same time. Typically, the ONT can be connected to a battery backup device, providing a limited time period (typically 8 hours standby) of lifeline services.

Figure 2-4: ONT, Huawei HG851A


Ch2 - 4

Chapter 3 – Outside Plant Materials 3.1 OSP Overview A wide array of Outside Plant components are used to build FTTH networks. All FTTH networks inherently are designed to deliver an optical fiber to the subscriber. However, their design is highly dependent on the unique nature of the access environment, so product and design flexibility is critical. The optical fiber carries the signal to the user and is divided into three sections:   

Main (feeder) Cable terminated at the CO, Distribution Cable fanning out across the Access Network and connect to the main cable ―feeds‖, and Drop Cable used to physically connect the users to the distribution cable.

As a medium, optical fiber‘s bandwidth is only limited by the transmitters of the OLT and hence futureproofs the Access Network because of its tremendous bandwidth capacity (refer to Figure 2-2).

Figure 3-1: GPON Outside Plant & Components


Ch3 - 1

The aggregation of splitters is typically, either in a street cabinet or in the Optical Distribution Frame (ODF), installed in the telecom room. This is the convergence point between main cable and distribution cable network. From the splitter, a dedicated fiber is assigned to each customer. These dedicated fibers to each customer, may have to snake its way into the neighborhoods in the distribution cable then to a drop cable closures, sited close to group villas, in the joint box. From the drop cable closure, drop cables usually containing one fiber are laid directly to the subscriber‘s ONT box.

3.2 Optical Distribution Frame (ODF) ODF‘s are standard 19" inch ETSI rack and can accommodate multiples of unirack of height 1U (4.44cm) or 2U (8.88cm) etc. These have varying termination capacities for FC and SC connectivity, and usually installed in CO and in the telecom rooms of high rise building.

Figure 3-2: Optical Distribution Frame, 42U R&M Brand

At present, these have 24 SC/APC ports per 1U and 72 SC/APC ports in 2U uniracks. Efforts are being made to increase the number of ports per 1U and 2U uniracks.


Ch3 - 2

Figure 3-3: Unirack module

For cross-connecting the fibers between Under Ground (UG) cables or main cable, splitter output and drop cables / distribution cable, patch cords in different lengths and connectivity are available for use.

3.3 High Density ODF The High Density (HD) ODF is complete and optimized solution for cross connections. 

HD ODF Rack consists of 2 racks with 44U unirack (HD Swing Patch Panel) and cable managers (organizers) in the middle between the 2 racks.



Capacity of HD ODF is up to 2,112 fibers per rack with SC/APC connectors.



HD Patch Panel is pre-installed with 48 ports SC/APC per unirack module, and 8C pre-connectorized ribbon fan-out cord.



HD ODF is ETSI standards. HD ODF installed in vertical direction and located at indoor Central Office part.


Ch3 - 3

Figure 3-4: High Density ODF

Figure 3-5: High Density Swing-type Patch Panel


Ch3 - 4

3.4 Feeder Fiber Section The feeder fiber section in the Outside Plant (OSP) corresponds in general with the E-side cable section of the Access Network. Thus, this section bridges the Central Office ODF with the remote splitter(s) normally housed in the optical cabinet / Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) following the existing duct routes.

Figure 3-6: Ribbon Fiber Cable

3.5 Joint Closure Joint Closure is used to join fiber optic cables to extend the reach, and also to branch out cables leading to different FDH or Drop cable closures. It also provides protection for the fiber splices as well.

Figure 3-7: Joint Closure


Ch3 - 5

3.6 Outdoor FDH The outdoor FDH also known as street cabinet houses 2:32-splitters, patch panels and patch cord drawers. It is usually placed to serve customers living in villa area or SFU area. Refer to FTTH Development Manual/Part 4: List of Annexure/Annexure 8 for different types of FDH.

Figure 3-8: Outdoor FDH, Huawei

3.7 Distribution Fiber Section The distribution fiber section starts always from the location of the cabinet / FDH and the cable routes are dictated by the duct routes. Thus, the distribution fiber cables have to follow the routes of the duct-ways along the way to the customer premises.

Figure 3-9: Loose tube Fiber Cable


Ch3 - 6

3.8 Drop Cable Closures (Joint Box-Type) These are designed to accommodate a single cable entry with multiples of drop cable outlet. A single fiber is spliced through in the closure to reduce the size of distribution cable to the street cabinet

Figure 3-10: Drop Closure


Ch3 - 7

Chapter 4 – Inside Plant Materials 4.1 ISP Overview Inside Plant refers to the in-building network, the materials involve are indoor FDH, multicore cable, optical drop cables, SC/APC fast-field connectors, SC/APC adapters, in-house fiber termination box (also known as Micro-ODF / Rosettes) and others.

4.2 ISP Fiber Distribution Hub – FDH It is the Local Convergence Point (LCP) serves as the splitter and connection point. It provides individual subscriber connectivity to splitter outputs and serves as demarcation between the feeder and distribution portions of the network. The most common FDH today contains the optical splitters (2:32 or 2:8). Indoor FDH are usually installed inside the main telecom room of a building.

Figure 4-1: Wall-mount FDH (left), Floor standing-type FDH (right)



Floor standing or free standing-type FDH cabinets, like 42U unirack frames with modules and splitters are classified as indoor FDH or FDH (I).



FDH cabinets that are attached or mounted on the wall are classified as wall mount indoor FDH or FDH (W).

FTTH Development Manual/Part1: FTTH Design & Installation

Ch4 - 1

4.3 Multicore Riser Cable Optical riser cables to connect MDU terminals (also known as Floor Termination Box) to the FDH in the basement or ground floor of the building. Riser cables normally in the variations of 8F, 12F, 16F or 24F vertically installed thru risers (tray or duct) and terminated in Floor Termination Boxes installed in floors.

Figure 4-2: Multicore cable

4.4 Floor Distribution Box (FDB) or Termination Box FDB serves a transition point between a riser and drop cables in a Multicore Architecture build ups. It provides a convenient optical interface for one or several distribution and/or drop connections. FDB‘s are normally installed wall-mounted inside floor telephone rooms in variations of 8F or 12F terminations.

Figure 4-3: Floor Distribution Box, Corning


Ch4 - 2

4.5 SC/APC Adapter Universal SC/APC adapter is used for fiber patching in FDH, termination box, Micro-ODF, etc.  Low insertion loss 

Good connector repeatability and connection durability



Composite green housing



Ceramic insert and flanged with single plate.

Figure 4-4: SC/APC Adapter

4.6 Field-Installable SC/APC Connector It provides quick, easy and clean connectorization in the field. And needs a simple tool kit for standard drop cable 1F & 2F and low friction types drop cables and multicore riser cable. 

Low insertion loss, ≥ 50 dB return loss fast-field connectors angled polished type.



It is compatible with ITU-T G.652 single mode fibers 250µm or 900µm drop and riser cables.

Figure 4-5: SC/APC Connector


Ch4 - 3

4.7 Drop Cable 

Low attenuation single mode type ITU-T G.652 optical drop cable. There are standard flat type 1F, low friction-type 1F, bend insensitive 1F and round-type 1F optical drop cables.



These cables are low in attenuation and high tensile rating with either steel or aramid yarn strength member very flexible in cable pulling. It has a typical loss of less than or equal to 0.38dB/km at 1310nm and less than or equal to 0.25dB/km at 1550nm.



Different types of drop cables are available for indoor and outdoor applications and in different sizes.

Figure 4-6: 1F Drop Cable

In new buildings, the owners are expected to pre-wire the buildings with 1F indoor type drop cables. These drop cables are very compact and have bending radius of 15mm. Initially, Etisalat may stock these types of cables to meet the builder‘s requirement for reasons of fiber compatibility. End users shall be encouraged to procure these from the market (fiber shall conform to ITU-T (CCITT) Recommendation G652D for Outdoor Drop Cables and G657A for Indoor Drop Cables).


Ch4 - 4

4.8 In-House Fiber Termination Box (Rosette / Micro ODF) Fiber Termination Box (FTB) with 1 SC/APC adapter pre-installed. This box is wall-mounted and installed next to the ONT. Drop fiber cable pulled from the FDH or FTB is terminated with fast-field connector on this box. Small in size and very easy to install with Etisalat logo printed on the cover.

Figure 4-7: Rosette, Square-type

4.9 CAT6 UTP Cable Category 6 (CAT6) Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cables pulled from ONT to RJ-45 sockets and terminated both ends with CAT6 RJ-45 connectors. 

The cable has low attenuation with excellent electrical performance,



High pulling tension



Very flexible in duct installation and installer-friendly.

Figure 4-8: CAT6 UTP Cable


Ch4 - 5

4.10 RJ-45 Jack and Socket 

Easy and quick to install and needs no special tools for connectorization.



Also, compatible with all the UTP cables in the market.



Low attenuation, excellent performance and can accepts AWG 22-24 size UTP cable.

Figure 4-9: RJ45 Socket

4.11 RJ-45 Connector 

CAT6 category RJ-45 connectors are with excellent electrical performance,



Durable and easy to use.

Figure 4-10: RJ45 Connector


Ch4 - 6

Chapter 5 – Engineering Design and Guidelines 5.1 Network Topology 2x10G uplinks from OLT will terminate on L2-Aggregation Network in Link Aggregation with LACP enabled setup. The L2-Aggregation network will transport the residential / business and Mobile backhaul VLANs over respective IP/MPLS network. The generic topology for Network Plan and Optical Distribution Network (ODN) Plan has been detailed in the Figures below.

Figure 5-1: Network Plan



IADs are used to provide multiple POTs/CO/ISDN-BRI lines.



Back-up Fiber/Protection Fiber: As Back-up fiber, this fiber to be installed from CO side ODF up to Splitter [not terminated on OLT PON port] and is to be used as back-up fiber in case of failure of main fiber by manual patching to OLT PON port OR as Type B Protection Fiber, this fiber to be installed from stand-by PON port up to splitter.

For uplink connectivity, please refer to Junction Dark Fiber Guidelines in FTTH Development Manual/Part 4: List of Annexure/Annexure 4.


Ch5 - 1

It must be emphasized here that, at present, OLT-ONT manufacturer wise inter-operability does not exist. Therefore, Huawei ONTs must be parented to Huawei OLTs and similarly Zhone ONTs must be parented to Zhone OLTs. However, the Passive Optical Network (fibers, patch cords, ODF, optical splitters, FDH, indoor cabling, rosette, etc are common for Huawei as well as Zhone GPON networks).

Figure 5-2: GPON Optical Distribution Network Diagram

5.2 Network Management (NMS) Topology The NMS topology has been outlined underneath. The IP addresses of the Elements and associated management VLAN can be obtained from CNO as and when the commissioning of nodes would be required. Please refer to the Figures below of schematic.


Ch5 - 2

5.2.1 Huawei GPON

Figure 5-3: Huawei GPON NMS


Ch5 - 3

5.2.2 Zhone GPON

Figure 5-4: Zhone GPON NMS


Ch5 - 4

5.2.3 ALU NMS

Figure 5-5: ALU GPON NMS

5.3 FTTH - OSP Network Architecture The FTTH is simply the 100 percent deployment of optical fiber in the Access Network. It is commonly deployed in two specific configurations as below; 

Point-to-Point (PTP) network - Fiber is dedicated to each user in the Access Network.



Passive Optical Network (PON) - A single fiber is shared (via a splitter) among a set number of users, typically thirty-two.

5.3.1 Point to Point Network PTP networks are characterized by the use of one fiber and laser per user. A dedicated fiber is terminated at the subscriber and active devices at the CO for a telecommunications provider.


Ch5 - 5

Figure 5-6: Point-to-Point (PTP) Network

5.3.2 Passive Optical Network (PON) PON‘s are characterized by the ―Splitting‖ of the same optical fiber along the way, resulting in the sharing of the optical fiber among multiple users. The fiber in a PON is designed to share between 2 to 128 users, depending upon the availability of splitters. A PON will have less optical reach than a PTP network, which does not use splitters. Typically a PON is capable of reaching subscribers 20 kilometers from the OLT, which will cover most of the population. The important characteristics of each PON technology are defined by two important standards bodies, the IEEE and the ITU.


Ch5 - 6

Figure 5-7: Passive Optical Network (PON)

5.4 GPON Design Criteria 

The objective is to develop a network, capable to deliver 100Mbps per each tenant.



To optimize the size of network and corresponding investment to match with the demand, the line plant shall be developed, meeting the ultimate requirements (refer to Figure 5-2).



The initial capability of delivery of the network shall be 40Mbps, with 1:2 splitters in the Central Office and 1:32 1/ 2:32 at the remote end.



GPON Architecture: Network deployment & distribution architecture should enable us to provide any single service to the customer from our portfolio or 2-play / 3-play service bundles to the customers.

1

Etisalat stopped ordering and deploying 1:32 splitter, instead 2:32 splitter is now being used for diversity.


Ch5 - 7

5.4.1 OSP Design Criteria The following criteria have been considered in the development of the OSP Design of Planning Guidelines.                   

Scalable network. Deployment of technically matured products. Economical component prices. Reduction in CAPEX and OPEX. Ease to install, maintain and operate. Quick to restore the service. Minimum splice to extend reach. Design FO network within 28 dB loss budget, end to end. Centralized splitters. Pre-connectorized splitters. Splitter ratio 1:2 in CO and 1:32 / 2:32 in remote. Induction of 1F drop cables in indoor and outdoor. SC/APC connectivity. Express SC/APC connectors for drop cables. Use of existing cabinet and or locations as splitter cabinet. Distribution cables to be loose tube 8F/16F/24F, from outdoor splitter cabinet. Inductions of UG drop cable closure, in joint box. Splice through of drop cable, in the drop closures. Termination of single fibers in ONT and ODF / splitter cabinet (FDH).

5.4.2 Central Office (CO) Characteristics 

The Central Office (CO) houses the OLT and the ODF. The ODF room shall be selected such that to install ultimate feeder fiber capacity. An ODF extension into a second room shall be avoided at all circumstances; better shall not be allowed.



Within the CO, flexibility is the key. An optical distribution network should never be built for a single application. The ODF shall feature all functions for excellent flexibility including cross-connect and cable and jumper fiber management, particularly bend radius protection.



MDF room/or standard cable chamber is not required for FO cables. Similarly, no iron works are required. Use of standard cable brackets and channels to support the cables. The end of lead-in should be placed such that the incoming cable is possible to be routed to the cable brackets.



The extent of service reach is 20 Km radius, which fully takes advantage of the long-distance coverage. Etisalat may aim to consider only 15 Km from the POP (OLT) to the ONT. However, today with the available components the reach is limited to 12.5 Km only.


Ch5 - 8



To extend the reach of GPON, the split ratio to be reduced to 1:32 / 2:32 bypassing the (1:2) splitter at the CO.



For the Point-to-Point architecture, capable of delivering 2.5Gbit/s through a direct single fiber to the customer.



In the case of Point-to-Multipoint, the final delivery of bandwidth at the customer end depends upon the total number of splits along the route.



Tenants surrounding the CO within 500 meters can be served from CO building itself instead of installing outdoor cabinets - FDH(O) in the vicinity, if the lead-in ducts and the space are available in the CO.

5.4.3 OLT / CO Location Selection Criteria 

Router location (OLT & router are preferred to be in the same location), wherever possible.



Ideally placed in high density area



The proposed Central Office building shall be new or recent building i.e. not marked for demolishing, space should be available for the ODF.



Duct space availability



Aim to serve 15km cable distance



FO junction route / cable availability



No overlapping: OLT‘s to be considered for all Exchanges, avoiding overlaps of serving areas, as much as possible.

The following scenarios may be considered while selecting the OLT Location (refer to Figure 5-8): 1. Utilize the existing AN cable (if available) to serve any new site by deploying the FDH within the CO old boundary. 2. Extend the CO AN network outside the old boundary to serve any new area by FDH deployment within the CO boundary. 3. Existing copper / fiber cabinet in another Exchange area: FDH changeover to be considered by utilizing the existing junction cable / route. For changeover, jointing in the Zero Manhole of the Exchange to be considered (without any ODF termination).


Ch5 - 9

4. Serve any new sites by utilizing the junction cable passing from the zero manholes to the adjacent area and where required by laying additional fiber optic cable to the FDH to serve the area, within the Exchange boundary. 5. Serve any new sites by utilizing the junction cable passing from the zero manholes to the adjacent area and where required by laying additional fiber optic cable to the FDH to serve the area, outside the Exchange boundary. 6. Utilize the junction cable wherever possible to serve any new areas near the Central Office Exchange.

Figure 5-8: Example of Central Office Location


Ch5 - 10

5.5 Access Network Definition An Access Network is part of a communications network which connects subscribers to their immediate service provider. OSP Access Network shown below from ODF-OSP in CO to ONT at customer premises.

Figure 5-9: Access Network

5.6 GPON Access Network Design (Fiber Optic Cable Development & Civil work)

Figure 5-10: Green Fields and Brown Fields


Ch5 - 11

5.6.1 Green Field 

Considering the future FO based GPON technology and to cope with future prospective services demand, the network development shall be planned on fiber optic cable from the OLT in Central Office to the ONT in the customer premises.



Fiber optic cables, splitter cabinet & civil (ducts, joint boxes, etc) shall be proposed in the most economical way.



The OSP fiber counts from the Central Office shall be of a suitable size, to ensure meeting the future capacity requirements.



An overall contingency of 25% fibers, rounded to the nearest higher cable size shall be provisioned in the main cable to meet the unforeseen demand.



Fiber cables shall be planned, considering manhole, joint box section length and considering the drum length. The joints may be planned in such a way the cable cut length returned shall not be less than 750 meters.



The various main cable sizes and drum lengths available in the contract are shown in FTTH Development Manual/Part 2: Master Plan Presentation/Table 1.



Requirements of direct fibers for major corporate and business establishment are also to be considered while sizing the cables.



For all GSM sites, if the area is not ready with GPON; the following current procedure shall be continued (viz) 8F cable per site to be considered; deployed in two different routes. Although the cable size recommended is 8F, 4F to be considered from each side.



The spare fibers available in the Junction Cable Network to be utilized to connect, OLT‘s in one Exchange area and ONT‘s in the other Exchanges.



The duct network shall be considerably reduced and the corresponding joint box / manholes can also be reduced, as the number of FO cables that would be installed shall be far less than the legacy copper network.



Accordingly, the ducts shall be reduced to maximum 2W D54 and Joint Boxes up to JRC12. A joint box of size JRC14 and manholes be considered, only if the same cannot be avoided.


Ch5 - 12



As far as possible, the joints in the main cable may not be planned to be operated frequently to divert or put through fibers. The main joint closures have 4 in-ports and 4 out-ports, which can be used for multiple dropping of distribution cables (up to 24F).



The loose tube joint closures are suitable up to 24F loose tube fibers. These have 2 entries on either side, total 4 entries.



The drop closures are recommended to be installed inside joint boxes, close to group of villas or as per site requirements. These have single entry on one side and 24+ outlets for drop cables.



Regions shall propose the joint location for maximum utilization of full drum length to avoid short cut lengths.



Target to deploy FTTH to be set Region-wise and areas to be identified by the Regions.



To deploy FTTH in Green areas and Brown areas alike.



To continue with fiber laying in all Green and Brown areas.



Marketing has identified high ARPU services and criteria to prioritize areas for FTTH rollout.



Based on Marketing guidelines, Regions will develop a yearly master plan for FTTH rollout with quarterly breakdown for areas / buildings.



Therefore, there will be no mass migration & GPON will only be deployed for new provisioning of the following services: eLife, B1-Super & LL/VPN. It will improve R.O.I. and further optimize CAPEX.

5.6.2 Brown Field 

FTTH deployment in City Center areas may be given preference over remote areas.



To migrate all Brown areas from legacy to FTTH in phases, and according to resources available in the Regions over the next 3-5 year.



Fibers already laid for local networks shall be considered while developing the GPON network.



The spare fibers installed for CATV network shall be used for the deployment of GPON network. CATV initial installations were 16F in two routes and later 8F in two routes. As there will no new CATV nodes installed, all spare fibers are available for FTTH network.


Ch5 - 13



To prevent additional expenses in civil work, all infrastructures existing is proposed to be used as far as possible.



Provides the services through Wi-Max instead of the proposed GPON in the followings area: • Brown area with low ARPU and Unleveled Areas



All the existing outdoor FO cabinets, CATV nodes and copper cabinets shall be checked to accommodate the splitters and other cables.



While installing fibers in the existing copper cabinets, working lines and corresponding terminations may be preserved and recovered only on demand for induction of additional services / bundled services through GPON or any other technical reasons. This may warrant re-arrangement of copper terminations, air blocks and recovery of few verticals.



Where there are no duct spaces available and the distances are short, fiber may be shared along with the existing copper cables, if possible through a sub duct.



All ODF's supply, installation, termination and patching shall be by Etisalat for Brown fields

5.6.3 Sizing Feeder Cables Sizing of main FO cables and number of fiber calculation & attenuation (refer to Tables 5-1 & 5-2) 

In general, every splitter requires a single fiber from OLT and a single fiber from the splitter to ONT.



The life of the fibers is about 40 years and we should aim to provide cable network which will support all future demands. Further, the cost of fiber is comparatively far less than the cost of the duct space. Hence, it is recommended that the provision of the number of fibers may equal to at least 20 year tenants forecasted, unlike 3-6 years for E-side copper cable and 10 years for D-side copper cable.



For the Residential Tenants: the table below (Table 5-1) to be used, to find the sizing of the main FO cable for each cabinet / FDH. The provision of cable shall be based on 20 th year tenants forecast.



The total number of splitter requirement per cabinet shall be based on 5th year tenants forecast.



Number of 1:32 splitters per cabinet = No. of Residential tenants/split ratio (1:32)



From the above equation, the total number of splitters can be used to identify the fiber cable size; maximum expansion and remaining fiber. Refer to Table 5-1.


Ch5 - 14


Ch5 - 15

Table 5 - 1

Example: Residential Tenants Scenario: FDH(O) If the residential 20th Year Tenants F/C = 200 and residential 5 th Year Tenants F/C = 160, then FO cable to feed the FDH will be 16F where the number of splitters will be 5.


Ch5 - 16

Figure 5-11: Residential Scenario / FO feeding Outdoor FDH

For Business Tenants with Business Services, 2:32 splitter to be installed with (1+1) F in two routes 

Number of 2:32 splitters per cabinet = No. of Business tenants / split ratio (2:32)



Wherever a major Business tenants or Corporate tenants is involved in a building; ensure a minimum size of 8F/16F/24F or larger in the last mile FO cable to the FDH (based on the number of the Business tenants ) to avoid re-cabling through the lead-in.



Business tenants with residential services shall be counted as normal Residential tenants as in Table above.



(25%) spare fibers shall be considered in the feeder cable size for future requirements, maintenance, etc.



For the Mobile sites (2G / 3G); each mobile site shall be considered as Business customer and connected to the same 2:32 splitter. And also a dedicated FO cable or drop cable to be extended from the FDH to each Mobile site.



For Mobile sites categorizations, bandwidth requirements, splitter types and Mobile Backhaul Scenarios, Please refer to FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 3.



The following parameters in Table 5-2 should be taken into account while calculating the dB budget loss of the network. (Max. not to exceed 28dB).


Ch5 - 17

ATTENUATION ON FIBER (dB) Wavelength 1260- 1650 nm Type Loss dB Max

Location Exchange

OSP

CAB/Bldg Sub Premises

1

Splitter 1:2

3.6

2

OLT Connector Loss

0.4

3

ODF Connector Loss

0.4

4

Splice Loss /splice

0.01

5

Cable Loss / km

0.35

6

Splitter 2:8

10.5

7

Splitter 1:32

17.2

8

Splitter 2:32

17.5

9

ODF Connector Loss

0.4

10

Drop cable loss / km

0.35

11

Fast Connector Loss

0.4

12

ONT Connector Loss

0.4

Remarks

Not being Ordered Any More

Table 5 - 2



The loss allowance has the same value both in the downstream and upstream direction.

Example: Residential, Business & Mobile Scenario If Residential 20th year tenants F/C = 180 & the Business 20th year tenants F/C = 28, Mobile sites = 3, then The FO cable to feed the FDH will be calculated as follows:

180



𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 =



𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 + 𝑀𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑒 ∶

 

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠: 𝑋 = 7 + 1 𝐹 = 8𝐹 𝑊𝑖𝑡ℎ 25% ∶ 𝑌 = 𝑋 + 𝑋 × 25% = 8 + 2 = 10 = 16F (After rounding to the nearest cable size)

32

= 6𝐹 28+3 31

= 1 + 1 𝐹 ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑀𝑎𝑖𝑛 & 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦


Ch5 - 18

Figure 5-12: Fiber Calculations for Residential, Business & Mobile Scenario

Estimated (calculated) Fiber Insertion loss and reach with different split factors:

Table 5 - 3

Note: 1:32 and 1:8 max reach limits (above 12.5 Km) are subject to prior field verification.  1:8 splitter shall be used ONLY in exceptional cases to extend the reach.  Difference between furthest ONT and the nearest ONT with respect to PON port, shall not exceed 20Km fiber distance.


Ch5 - 19

5.6.4 Outdoor Fiber Distribution Hub –FDH(O) 

The Outdoor Fiber Distribution Hub provides for connections between fiber optic cables and passive optical splitters in the OSP environment.



The FDH utilize standard SC/APC to interconnect feeder and distribution cables via 2:32 optical splitters and connectors.



The FDH is placed strategically in the FTTH network to facilitate service connection specified for a particular fiber serving area.



These FDH provide environmental and mechanical protection for cables, splices, connectors and passive optical splitters.



In Villas areas, fiber to be extended up to drop closure2, in order to meet service provisioning KPI‘s.



The FDH(O) outgoing cables 24F or 48F or 100F depends on the area and plots distribution.

Figure 5-13: Example of FO Drop Cable Distributions



The maximum capacity of the outdoor FDH is 480. However, two outdoor FDH‘s shall be deployed if Tenancy Forecast (T/F) exceeded 320 customers for flexibility and avoid patch cord obstruction.

“Justified Drop Closure” (based on pre-connectorized drop closure concept) can be installed only when the number of initial potential/waiters is ≥20% of total drop closure tenant’s capacity. 2


Ch5 - 20

Figure 5-14: Example of Outdoor FDH & Cable Distribution



The FDH(O) capacity and requirements as below

Figure 5-15: Typical Outdoor FDH


Ch5 - 21

5.6.5 Indoor Fiber Distribution Hub-FDH(I) 

The Indoor FDH is designed to organize, and administer fiber optic cables and passive optical splitters in an indoor environment, typically suitable for high rise buildings and are placed in the main telecom room.



These FDH‘s are used to inter-connect main cables and drop cables via optical splitters in a FTTH network application, within a building environment.

Figure 5-16: Example of Indoor FDH and Drop Cable Distributions


Ch5 - 22

5.7 Pre-Wired Deployment

Figure 5-17: FTTH Distribution Diagram

5.7.1 Pre-wired Fiber Distribution Hub (Outdoor) Pre-wired FDH are ready-to-use fiber cabinets equipped with incoming unirack module, 2:32 splitters, outgoing unirack modules, patch cords and fiber management. The available configurations are:   

480 port fully equipped 160 port partially equipped 128 port partially equipped

The planners shall select the type of the pre-wired FDH based on the area and Line Plant Forecast (LPF). The partially equipped FDH are scalable, and are capable for upgradation to a maximum of 

Pre-wired Indoor fiber distribution Hub


Ch5 - 23

Figure 5-18: Fully Equipped FDH / Corning Type

Figure 5-19: Partially Equipped FDH / Corning Type

5.7.1.1 Scenario 1: Brown field – Developed area The area is well-developed. All the plots are occupied. No or minimum growth is expected in terms of home passes. Proposal: Use pre-wired FDH cabinet of sufficient capacity. Use feeder cables as shown in the schematic below.

Figure 5-20: Distribution Diagram with Drop Closure


Ch5 - 24

Plan the distribution to feed all the plots considering the lead-ins to villas. Fusion splice the drop cables from the drop closures and pull straight to the villa. Terminate on the Rosette. Planner shall consider ONT, the UTP cables and terminations while preparing the estimate. Add more numbers of 2:32 splitters and unirack modules to enhance the capacity of the FDH cabinet in case partially equipped FDH is used. Care shall be taken during planning, not to exceed the total FDH capacity of 480 ports and 384 ports. During the design any new FDH (O) shall not exceed 320 for the following advantages:  To achieve the highest reliability and flexibility.  Add extra slots in each FDH for additional splitters and more parking spaces for easy access.  FO cable management.  To accommodate any foreseeable take rate during an upgrade.  Consider the cost savings of reclaiming used splitters for future use.  Maintenance free and clean

5.7.1.2 Scenario 2: Brown field – Undeveloped Area / Partially Developed Area The area is partially developed, with some vacant plots. The home pass may vary depending on the future developments. Proposal: Use pre-wired FDH Cabinet of required capacity. As in Scenario-1, plan for drop provisioning for all the existing plots. For the vacant plots and plots under development, provision shall be made depending on the Line Plant Forecast (LPF). Planner shall consider ONT, UTP cables and terminations for existing home passes while preparing the estimate. For the vacant plots, two solutions can be proposed. Solution-1: Using Corning Pre-connectorized Drop Closures:

Figure 5-21: Pre-Connectorized Drop Cable

Figure 5-22: Pre-Connectorized Drop Closure


Ch5 - 25

Figure 5-23: Pre-Connectorized Drop Closure for Future Use

Like Scenario-1, drop cables to the existing home passes shall be done by fusion-splicing drop cables inside the drop closure. For the future Home Pass (HP), pre-connectorized drop closures (Figure 5-21) of the sufficient number of ports shall be provided inside the JRC, as shown in the Figure 5-23. The preconnectorized closures have tails ranging from 20 meters to 100 meters. Select the required tail size and fusion splice it to the drop closure. When the demand for new drop arises, connect the pre-connectorized drop cable (Figure 5-22) on the tapport. No need open the joint closure or disturb the existing connections. Solution-2: Using Outdoor Drop Enclosure (Product not available at present)

Figure 5-24: Outdoor Drop Enclosure Wall-mount Type


Ch5 - 26

In the previous case, custom-built closures and drop cables are required for provision of drop ports inside the JRC. This solution enables the usage of existing drop cables and fast-field connectors. The Outdoor Drop Enclosure is a Fiber Reinforce Plastic or FRP enclosure with IP-65 rating and UV protected. It will be having two compartments, one for the incoming and the other for outgoing. Fiber from the drop closure will be terminated on the incoming side and fusion spliced on the fiber trays with the pigtails connected to the SC/APC adaptors. The other port of the adaptor is facing the out-going side. The incomer compartment is generally locked so that drop technicians do not access the fusion-spliced joint. On demand, the drop technician can pull the drop cable from the customer premise to the drop enclosure. Connectorization on both ends shall be using fast-field SC/APC connectors.

5.7.1.3 Scenario -3: Green field – Developed Area Green field developed area refers to residential complexes and planned communities where all the plots are developed or being developed. As mentioned in Brown field developed area, plan the distribution to feed all the plots considering the lead-ins to villas. Fusion splice the drop cables from the drop closures and pull straight to the villa. Terminate on the Rosette. ONT box and UTP cables shall not be included in the estimate, as they come under the scope of the customer.

5.7.1.4 Scenario -4: Green field – Undeveloped Area / Partially Developed Area Green field undeveloped area refers to new residential areas which being developed. As mentioned in Brown field undeveloped area, plan the distribution to feed all the plots considering Line Plant Forecast (LPF).

Figure 5-25: Outdoor Drop Enclosure for Future Use

Drop cables can be planned for existing home passes from the outdoor drop enclosure to the Rosette. ONT box and UTP cabling will be under the scope of the customer.


Ch5 - 27

5.8 New e-Life / B1’s Business Process 

No more bulk migration. Only customers with confirmed service orders will be migrated.



Current guidelines for potential e-Life customers require that if the drop closure is justified (20% of potential/waiters), 100% of drop fibers should be terminated on rosette (HR). This model will provide potential savings assuming future uptake of 100%. However, if residents in certain brown areas are not interested to subscribe the service when it is offered in the beginning, 100% penetration might not be achieved in those buildings. Cost and resources required for drop fiber provisioning may be better utilized elsewhere. It is recommended to provision drop fiber (HR) only for identified potential customers unless the area is identified as target legacy offload area, in which case 100% of tenancies should be HR.(refer to FTTH Development Manual/Part 5: Memoranda and References/ Page 19.



Customers provisioning requests should be fulfilled whether deployment is up to FDH / drop closure or up to Rosette (subject to conditions below). This applies to both Brown and Green areas. 1- RND analyze Potential, Waiter and Opportunity Applications and prepare initial FTTH design for primary side (OLT to FDH), break downing whole area to FDH zones. 2- RND issue new FDH project only when the number of initial Potential / Waiter applications are more that 20% and 10% respectively of FDH zone; and design should be expanded to include U/G drop closures upto HR of applied Customers.

3- For Green area where all options are explored and no way for alternative service, a new FDH project can be issued for 6 no’s of Waiters and above. 4- In Existing FDH area, RND to issue project for new U/G drop closure installation when related Potential or Waiters applications are more than 20% and 10% of drop closure capacity.

5- Along with new U/G Drop Closure Projects, RND to include installing Drop Fiber Connection up to Rosette (HR), for Potential and Waiting customers who applied for e-Life/B1 Super and also include all existing Broadband (BB) Customers (if any), although they are not yet applied. Remaining drop closure ports remain unconnected until customer applies for service, unless the area is identified as Target Legacy Offload Area, in that case 100% of drop closure tenancies capacity should be HR.


Ch5 - 28

6- An Open Project shall be issued and being ready by RND to extend Drop Fibers upto Rosette (HR), in case of additional Potential & Waiter applications scattered within several existing Drop Closures of one/more outdoor FDHs. One week is the timeline of laying each Drop Fiber up to HR &2 weeks if miner civil is required. 7- For scatter applications within not existing Drop Closure; the number of applications should in-line with % defined in point (2) or (4) to issue new Drop Closure installation project by RND.

8- The current civil deployment procedure shall be followed independent of above FDH investment percentage criteria. 

From the splitter 1:32 / 2:32 located in the outdoor FO cabinet location, distribution cable (loose tube) sizes 24F, 16F and 8F combinations may be considered, depending upon the grouping of villas, number and locations.



The drop cables are 1F construction. The closures are capable of accommodation 12 / 24 drop cables. In the villas & small buildings where the outdoor cabinet FDH(O) to be deployed; distribution cable (loose tube) may be considered as outgoing cables.



The drop cables shall be suitably labeled.



Better alignment is required between Sales and Engineering in order to proactively execute and sell FTTH products in the covered areas. There are certain residential areas which are completely Home Ready but e-Life service uptake is only 30%. Majority of the customers are still using legacy services of Al-Shamil over GPON. This situation presents a serious competitive threat in case of open access; as such customers can migrate to new service provider more easily. It is recommended to identify such areas and perform Location Based Marketing to ensure targeted marketing activity in order to increase e-Life uptake. It can also help to completely offload legacy from selected areas.


Ch5 - 29

5.9 Fiber Redundancy and Back up 5.9.1 Diversity 

Diversity to be customer specific and cost basis.



Ring topology to be deployed in selected areas which shall be identified by Marketing and approved by Regions‘ GM.



The diverse ring topology to be deployed provided that cost shouldn‘t exceed 20% compared to star topology.



Diversity guidelines are based upon whole areas, not the individual customers.



The feeder cable section from OLT to splitter can be protected by using (2:32) splitter and OLT port and feeder fiber should be doubled, leaving the shorter cable section (distribution cable from splitter to ONT) in star form and unprotected.



Diversity to individual customer premises to be provided on case by case basis after justification from Marketing as per existing recharge policy.

ONT

2:N 1

LT(1)

n

LT(1)

LT(1) OLT LT(2) ONT

ODF

CPE

Cabinet feeder ring

distribution star

drop cable star

Figure 5-26: Feeder Ring

Note: Redundancy currently applicable only for IP Connect/Xpress Connect and IDA service. 

Route diversity shall be executed and ready for service provisions before customer can be approached to subscribe for Pro-Service Level Agreement (Pro SLA). Whereas, diversity is not required for Basic SLA service. Customer eligibility for SLA service is subject to verification from pre-qualified list.


Ch5 - 30



For customers who want to apply redundancy levels not supported in their categories, extra charges will apply.



All new POP area development in all Regions (DXB, NE and AUH) to be designed to inherent diversity capability for all the customers identified. Refer to Chapter 8/Diversity Provisioning Standard for Enterprise customer, VIP, Strategic Critical Sites and Others.

Figure 5-27: Option 1 / Ring Structure

 For already developed areas, diversity / redundancy will be provided by utilizing the existing 25% contingency fibers if feasible and where required an additional fiber optic cables shall be laid.

Figure 5-28: Option 2 / Tree Structure (NE & AUH)

 To plan as a single ring topology, where diversity is required for ease in design, construction, maintenance and operation, instead of rings and sub-rings.


Ch5 - 31

5.9.2 Backup Solution Scenario SCENARIO 1: Backup at Same Site from Same Exchange Equipment  Each of the access links are to be provided from different cards on the same OLT device at the Exchange.

 From the CO ODF the cables to the customer have to be on two diverse routes for the main and backup link each through separate splitters.

 At the customer‘s office, these access links are to be terminated on two separate Business ONT‘s.

Figure 5-29: Back Solution / Scenario 1

SCENARIO 2: Exchange Equipment Diversity- Backup at Same Site from Different / Diverse Exchange  Customer has one access link at one site and requires a backup access link at the same site from a different Exchange. 

The Backup FTTH/B topology is applicable (if OLT equipment in different Exchange available and fiber distance limitation is satisfied).


Ch5 - 32

Figure 5-30: Backup Solution / Scenario 2



Each of the access links are to be provided from different OLT‘s from different Exchanges (POP domains).



From the OLT, the cables to the customer have to be on two diverse routes for the main and backup link each through separate splitters.



At the customer‘s office, these access links are to be terminated on two separate Business ONT‘s.



The two OLT‘s are served from two different access L2 aggregation switches.



Should the above topology not be available, then this requirement may alternatively be served by the following FTTH/B topology (OLT diversity from same Exchange):


Ch5 - 33

Figure 5-31: OLT Diversity from Same Exchange



Each of the access links are to be provided from different OLT‘s from the same Exchange (POP domain).



From the OLT, the fiber cables to the customer have to be on two diverse routes for the main and backup link each through separate splitters.



At the customer‘s office, these access links are to be terminated on two separate Business ONT‘s.



The two OLT‘s are served from same access L2 aggregation switches in the same Exchange.

SCENARIO 3: Backup at Same Site from the same Exchange as well as Disaster Recovery (DR) Backup at a Different Site from Different / Diverse Exchange  Customer has a main and backup access link at one site and requires a 2 nd backup (DR) access link at a different site served from a different Exchange. The 1 st backup will be used only when the main link fails and the 2nd backup (DR) will be used only when both the main and 1st backup fail. 

The FTTH/B topology will be as figure below, where the DR site will be served from a different Exchange (POP domain):


Ch5 - 34

Figure 5-32: Backup Solution / Scenario 3



At the HQ site, each of the access links is to be provided from different cards on the same OLT device at the Exchange.



From the OLT, the cables to the customer have to be on two diverse routes for the main and backup link each through separate splitters.



At the customer‘s HQ, these access links are to be terminated on two separate Business ONT‘s.



At the DR site, the access link will be provided from a different OLT and Exchanges (POP domain) than the HQ site.

In addition to the above, the following general policies and guidelines are to be followed for all backup cases:  All backup solutions are only provided to customers signing up on a 1-Year commitment / contract. Standard service exit policies will apply on customers breaking the commitment. 

Developed area is part of planned infrastructure of Etisalat (even if planned within 6 months of customer application).



An undeveloped area is area where we don‘t have physical infrastructure and no plans for 6 months from customer application.



Within Etisalat developed area, physical network access link will be provided to customers on development basis.


Ch5 - 35



In a developed area, if civil work and cable for diversity is exclusively being laid for the customer and is not part of planned infrastructure that can be reused for other customers, then physical network access link (including cable, splitters, civil works, etc.) will be provided to customers on recharge / CQ project basis.

5.10 Type B Protection and Types of Splitters 5.10.1 Type B Protection 

Automatic PON port and fiber protection/redundancy in case of PON port HW failure and/or fiber break between OLT PON port and splitter – involves two PON ports (active & Stand-by) and two ports on splitter facing OLT; however does not involve dual PON ports on ONT. Type B protection does NOT provide protection/redundancy between Splitter and ONT.



Huawei: Type B protection is available now and is under deployment. Zhone: Type B protection is available.



Type B Protection to use redundant PON port on separate GPON module (i.e. Main and stand-by PON ports should not be on the same GPON module).



Type B protection cannot be effective with cascading of splitters (e.g.: 1:2 + 2:32 Residential splitters).



Phase out of 2:8 splitters: For the purpose of standardization and better utilization of PON ports, 2:8 splitters are to be phased out (discontinued after exhausting current stocks).



If only E1 base services are required (no IPVPN services), then the same to be provided over ―Standard‖ 1:2 + 2:32 splitters.



Type B protection is different than Business services Back-up scenarios as described in Appendix B. Back up circuit is physically a separate link, however logically configured as back up link, where decision of switch-over is controlled by CPE end device.



Note: With use of 2:32 splitter instead of 2:8 splitter, there is possibility of over allocation of uplink bandwidth above max limit of 1.25Gbps that is supported by PON port. BW allocation to be controlled manually or via DBA profile mechanism by configuring Fixed bandwidth profile (it is to be noted that, at present Business services and Mobile backhaul services are provisioned manually).


Ch5 - 36

5.10.2 Types of Splitters 

Standard Splitter • One level splitting (1:32) – Business • Two level splitting (1:2 + 1:32) without Type B protection – Residential



Resilience Splitter  One level splitting (2:32), Type B protection is possible as required

5.11 Mobile Backhauling through GPON For brief descriptions on various mobile sites categories and classifications, including physical mounting scenarios, PON protection mechanism, PON deployment characteristics (splitter configurations) and associated distance reach; mobile backhaul network schematics and also summarizes in tabular form various requirements posed by mobile backhaul requirements and corresponding Access Network solutions (Refer to FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 3).

5.12 Inside Plant (ISP) Network Design 5.12.1 ISP Network Architecture There are mainly two types of FTTH architecture custom-tailored for each building. These architectures are illustrated in Figure 5-33.

5.12.1.1 Direct Home-Run or Direct Fiber Under this architecture, all FO drop cables are laid from FDH / splitter location up to customer‘s premises and terminated in Micro-ODF/Rosette. This type of architecture requires more riser space since individual FO drop cables will originate from the main telephone room to the customer premises passing all or certain Floor Telephone Rooms depending on customer location.

5.12.1.2 Multicore Riser Field-Connectorized A separate riser system is being introduced to connect the customer from FDH. A Floor Distribution Box (FDB) is installed in Floor Telephone Room (FTR) to link the customer drops to main FDH through riser cables. The FDB is either installed in every floor, every two floors or every three floors. FDB location may vary depending on the number of flats in each floor.


Ch5 - 37

Figure 5-33: MDU Architecture

Prior to defining the type of network architecture required for the different types of buildings, it is essential to know the statistics of the buildings. These statistics can either be obtained through known sources or to be physically surveyed.

5.12.2 Guidelines for Commercial Units 

FTTH provisioning for commercial buildings and establishments can be either Multicore riser or Direct Home-Run architecture depends on the site requirements; the existing building‘s structured cabling, anticipated services and nature of business.



The following guidelines are to be considered in planning the FTTH network for commercial units in Brown buildings. •

Commercial units with existing structured cabling, ONT location preferably to be at distribution point of the outlet cables (UTP).

•

Fiber count to also consider the existing services, avoid keeping excess spare cables.

•

ONT location to be co-located with power socket and should have easy access for future operation and maintenance.


Ch5 - 38

•

Farthest service outlet point from ONT location is 90 meters for Data and Video and 1,000 meters for Telephone service.

•

Commercial entity like shops, SMB, etc. requiring only residential services like DEL, HSI and Video to be treated as residential customer for planning purpose.

•

Commercial service expected under 2:8 splitter are IP-Connect, X-Press Connect and Internet over Ethernet.

5.12.3 Guideline for Various Types of Commercial Buildings The table below provides comprehensive guideline with regards to various aspect of FTTH wiring requirement in different type of commercial buildings. SN 1

2

3

Unit Type Fully Office Tower / Government/Ministry Offices

Residential cum Office Towers

Shopping Malls

Riser Architecture

Fiber

ONT Location

2 X 32 for Del, HSI and TV & 2 X 8 for high bandwidth commercial services based on demand

1) Multicore Riser with termination box in every floor

Open Floor Structure: 2 Fibers per 100 meter square of leasable area

2) In case a single company occupies multiple floors, termination box to be installed in floors where IT room is located.

Individual Office Structure 1) 2 Fibers for each commercial Unit . 2) For office above 100 meter square, 2 Fibers per 100 meter square

1) Co-located in Floor Telephone room/IT room where power is available. (0R) 2) Co-Located to the service location where power is available

2 X 32 for Del, HSI and TV & 2 X 8 for high bandwidth commercial services based on demand

1) Direct Fiber /Multicore Riser depending on number of commercial floors

Open Floor Structure: 2 Fibers per 100 meter square of leasable area

2 X 32

Single Fiber / Multi core Riser with Termination in each Floor

Splitter

2) In case a company occupies multiple floors, fiber termination box to be installed in floors where IT room is located.

Individual Office Structure in Office Floors: 1) 2 Fibers for each commercial Unit . 2) For office above 100 meter square 2 Fibers per 100 meter square

1) 2 Fibers Per Shop (or) 2) Shops Greater than 500 Sq.meter , install 2


1) Co-located in Floor Telephone room/IT room where power is available. (0R) 2) Co-Located to the service location where power is available

IT/Telephone room inside the Shop (0R) Inside the shop at

Ch5 - 39

Fibers per 500 Sq.m

4

Ware House /Sheds/small scale industrials

2 X 32

5

Furnished Apartments and Hotels

2 X 32

6

Hospitals

2 X 32

7

Banks

2 X 32

8

Data Center

2 X 32

9

University Campus

2 X 32

Single Fiber from assigned FDH

2 Fibers per warehouse / sheds/industry (or) Based on service required if like complex warehouse / sheds/industry

convenient location easily accessible for maintenance and power is available. For kiosks (temporary set-up) , ONT to be installed to the nearest telephone room. IT/Telephone room inside the warehouse/industry (0R) Inside the warehouse /industry at convenient location easily accessible for maintenance and power is available

1) Furnished Apartment & Hotels have their own Internal Communication Network and Etisalat Service is mostly required only at their Main IT/Telephone /Operations room. 2) Long Leased Furnished Apartments where subscription is made by occupants to be treated as Residential customers 1) Hospitals have their own Internal Communication Network and Etisalat Service is mostly required only at their Main IT/Telephone room 2) Large Hospitals with multiple distribution points for Outlet cables , ONT to be co-located with existing Distribution points 1) Banks have their own Internal Communication Network and Etisalat Service is mostly required only at their Main IT/Telephone room 1) Data Center have their own Internal Communication Network and Etisalat Service is required only at their Main IT/Telephone room Based On service required 1) Most University Campus has their own structured cabling and Etisalat Service is mostly required at their main IT/Telephone Room. 2) Large Campus with multiple buildings. FDH to be installed in the main building's telephone room and ONT to be installed in each building's telephone room or the distribution point of the UTP outlet cables

Table 5 - 4


Ch5 - 40

5.12.4 Identifying the Number of Splitter Ports at the FDH The number of splitter ports required at the FDH for buildings housing business / government units shall be based on the number of ONT‘s / fiber drops calculated as per the table above. The number of splitter ports required at the FDH for buildings with residential units, shall be calculated at the rate of one per residential unit plus 20% for maintenance purpose.

5.12.5 Wi-Fi Backhauling Strategy 

GPON Splitter un-used ports shall be utilized to increase Wi-Fi coverage in residential and shopping areas.



Existing backhauls for the deployed APS shall be upgraded from few E1‘s to FE / GigE interface using GPON technology.

5.12.6 Wiring Architecture Selection 5.12.6.1 Brown Building The information below is provided as a guideline in selecting the type of architecture for different kind of buildings. Changes in the architecture may be needed on a case to case basis depending on the site condition or service requirement.

Nature of Building

Type of Architecture

Up to four storey building having less than or equal to 24 flats/Units Above four storeys building irrespective of number of units. Up to Four storeys building having multiple blocks with number units in each block is less than 24 Units.

Direct fiber Multicore architecture Multicore architecture up to each block and there after direct run.

Table 5 - 5


Ch5 - 41

5.12.6.2 Green Building In Green buildings, it is the owner/developer responsibility to provide all in-building networks wiring including complete structured cabling and terminations.

Nature of Building

Type of Architecture.

Complex of Villas Buildings up to (B+G+5) or building area up to 3000m2 Buildings from (B+G+6) to (B+G+10) floors or building of 100 tenants or building area up to 7000m2 Building (B+G+10) floors and more or building over 100 tenants or building area more than 7000m2

Direct fiber Direct fiber Direct fiber Direct fiber or Multicore riser

Table 5 - 6

5.13 Selecting ONT Location 5.13.1 Brown Building When selecting for ONT location in Brown building, it should be in a place accessible enough during service provisioning and maintenance. And in addition to this, the following should be taken into account when deciding for the final ONT location.    

Power socket availability Existing UTP cables, if any Internal conduit space Adequate cable route

Moreover, the locations listed below are to be avoided when installing the ONT.  Below the windows. In close proximity to water seepage, water splash areas, etc.  Behind heavy furniture.  Inaccessible and unfavorable areas for example above false ceiling, kitchen, etc.  Where the ONT will suffer continuous exposure to direct sunlight.

5.13.2 Green Building In Green building, location of the ONT cabinet shall be by developer‘s responsibility and must be installed as per the following conditions.  

The cabinet should be at a common point where all internal conduits meet in support of SCS on a star topology. The cabinet should be in central and accessible locations and shall house the following.


Ch5 - 42

     

- RJ45 patch panel/IDC modules - Micro ODF for fiber termination - Power sockets Should have sufficient space around the cabinet to allow access to installation and maintenance. The cabinet should be installed at a height of 1200mm above finished floor level for better working position and to prevent accidental access by children. Should be located where the farthest telecom socket must not exceed 90 meters from the cabinet. Should not be installed adjacent to any electrical distribution or bus bars. Should not be installed in the kitchen or near to washroom, and other wet areas. Should be located in air conditioned environment.

5.14 ONT Cabinet Specification for Green Building 5.14.1 ONT Cabinet for Residential Building / Villa         

Minimum Height: 600mm Minimum Width: 425mm Minimum Depth: 120mm Lockable door Should be fitted with RJ45 patch panel Should be fitted with micro ODF Should have two power sockets for ONU and battery rectifier powering Should have adequate number of aesthetically designed holes on the front door for ventilation Should be installed flush mounted on wall

Figure 5-34: ONT Cabinet for Residential building/villa (green)


Ch5 - 43

5.14.2 ONT Cabinet for Commercial Building         

Minimum Height: 600mm Minimum Width: 600mm Minimum Depth: 300mm Suitable for 19‖ rack equipment mount Lockable door Should be fitted with RJ45 patch panel Should have two power sockets for ONU and battery rectifier powering With provision for air circulation Partially concealed or Wall mount installation

Figure 5-35: ONT Cabinet for Commercial building/villa (green)

5.15 ONT Deployment and Installation Rules 5.15.1 Shared ONT Typically ONT‘s are usually dedicated to an individual single user account, i.e. flat / villa owner. However, if ONT is shared by multiple users account, the following guide shall be taken into consideration when deploying ONT in shared accommodations.


Ch5 - 44



ONT shall be installed in a Common Area3 where power is available or can be extended towards ONT location and which can be accessed anytime during service provisioning and maintenance works.



ONT shall be installed where the farthest room it will serve is less than 90 meters.



ONT shall be installed where UTP cables meet, if existing. However if UTP cables end up in an inaccessible room, ONT shall be installed in a common area disregarding the existing UTP cables.



ONT shall be enclosed in a lockable cabinet for protection and security (especially in locations where ONT is within child‘s reach, like hallway, etc.)



New ONT shall be installed if the existing services exceed the available ports on the ONT and if UTP cabling requirements exceed 90 meters total length in a single run.



New ONT shall be installed if the first ONT becomes inaccessible due to room partitioning or where flat/villa previously occupied by single family converted to shared-accommodations.



In a villa occupied by one-family per floor, ONT shall be installed in each floor and shall not be shared with others. However, if one of the floors is shared by multiple families or tenants, ONT shall be installed in a common area and shall be shared by the occupants in this floor.



New ONT shall not be installed for a different customer sharing the same apartment if free ports are available in the first ONT and its location is accessible (installed in a common area).

5.15.1.1 Shared ONT Installation 

The ONT may also be alternatively wall mounted in a closed telephone room outside an apartment.



It is to be ensured that adequate cable routes are available to lay more than one CAT6 cable from the telephone room to the apartment.



The ONT location should be one which is always accessible and has an electric power socket provisioned.

5.15.1.2 Shared ONT Service Provisioning Scenarios 

3

Service connection in apartment with ONT in common area. Customer can be connected by pulling a separate UTP cable from the ONT location up to the room.

Common area can be near to apartment’s main door entrance, hallway, living room, etc. where ONT can be accessed anytime.


Ch5 - 45

Figure 5-36: Example of Service Provisioning 1



Service connection in a villa with ONT common to all floors. Situation is similar to the first item, where UTP cables to be pulled directly from ONT location up to the floor where customer resides. In case if all ONT ports are used, a second ONT can be co-located with the first ONT provided that there is enough space for UTP cablings.




Service provisioning in a villa with various partitions (option1). If the absence of common area in the required floor, ONT can be installed in the common area in any floor provided that; • The length of the farthest room shall not exceed 90 meters and there is adequate cable route to lay more than one UTP cables. • Power socket is available (in this case, since ONT will be dedicated to a particular customer, the power shall be provisioned from the customer’s power distribution box).


Ch5 - 46




Service provisioning in a villa with various partitions (option2). If drop fiber exists in individual floors, a new ONT shall be installed on floors requesting for the service. And service connection shall not be provided from the nearby ONT dedicated for other users.



Ch5 - 47

5.15.2 MDU-Type ONT 

MDU needs to be considered in Brown areas only for HSI and eLife, where CAT5 / CAT6 structured cabling is existing



MDU is intended for Open Floor Multi-tenancy Business Areas and for Multiple-Customers in single villas / apartments.



MDU can be deployed in old buildings, group of small shops and labor camps with CAT3 cabling either at each floor or in the basement where mainly telephony services are required, and where fiber pulling is not possible.



HSI & IPTV services can be offered either directly from MDU (separate port per service) or by adding RGW (Ethernet port at MDU). POTS to be offered directly from MDU. For RGW details refer to FTTH Development Manual / Part 3: Customer Premises Equipment/ Residential Gateway (RGW) / Page 2.



Number of MDU per PON port shall be according to the BW requirements of services provided; however it should not exceed 8 MDU‘s per PON port (i.e. connect from 2:32 splitter).



Number of customers via MDU per PON port should not exceed 64, in line with overall GPON considerations.



MDU with power backup can be considered as an alternative solution in areas where there is power fluctuation, on case by case basis, with prior Marketing approval.



Before making decision to deploy MDU, site survey should be conducted to assess customer bandwidth requirements, MDU security and space, power arrangements cost, battery backup cost, copper cabling and environment.

Selection Criteria (MDU Vs ONT/IAD): If the number of the Fast Ethernet (FE) ports exceeds 4 or the number of POTS line is more than 16.

5.15.2.1 MDU-Type ONT Installation 

Shared MDU / ONT needs to be installed in an accessible & secured location.



Shared MDU with high number of FE ports requirements need to be connected directly to 1:2 splitter at the POP location, however if the requirement of the FE ports is less than 5 and the main requirement is to serve POTS lines, the MDU may be connected to residential 2:32 splitter.



HSI & IPTV services can be offered either directly from MDU (separate FE port per service with maximum 90 meter CAT5 / 6 UTP cable) or better by adding RGW (Ethernet port at MDU).


Ch5 - 48



POTS services to be offered directly from MDU over CAT3 cable / structure cable.



Before making decision to deploy MDU, site survey should be conducted to assess customer bandwidth requirements, MDU security, space, power arrangements & cost, battery backup cost, copper cabling and environment.

5.16 ONT Types, Interfaces and Services Supported 5.16.1 Huawei GPON ONT Type

ONT OT-550

No. of Interfaces

4 x FE + 2 x POTS

4 x FE + 4 x POTS

 POTs (FAX, SPM, CO, Payphones)  HSI (Al Shamil, Business1) via Access Gateway  IPTV via STB  ISDN-BRI via IAD  Extra POTs/CO via IAD  eLife Note: HG851a/HG8240 is a replacement for HG851. HG851a/HG8240 has resident PPPoE client and uses H.248 for voice instead of MGCP. 

ONT OT-925

1xGE + 4xFE + 4xE1

ONT OT-928G

HW Version 5.0 ONT OT-928G

HW Version 7.0

POTs (FAX, SPM, CO, Payphones) HSI (Al Shamil, Business1) via Access Gateway IPTV via STB ISDN-BRI via IAD Extra POTs/CO via IAD eLife

     

ONT HG-851 ONT HG-851a

Services Targeted

        

1xGE + 4xFE + 8xE1 + 8xPOTS

        

IP-VPN (IP Connect, X-Press Connect, Ethernet Leased Line, Internet over Ethernet): 64Kbps – 100Mbps. eCentrex 3G backhaul over FE interface HSI (Business 1) via AG IPTV via STB ISDN-BRI via IAD POTs/Fax, CO via IAD E1 based services: PRI, 2G backhaul, Leased Lines over DON network. eLife IP-VPN (IP Connect, X-Press Connect, Ethernet Leased Line, Internet over Ethernet): 64Kbps – 100Mbps. eCentrex 3G backhaul over FE interface. HSI (Business 1) via AG IPTV via STB POTs (Fax, SPM, CO) directly over ONT E1 based services: PRI, 2G backhaul, Leased Lines over DON network. ISDN-BRI via IAD Extra POTs/CO via IAD eLife


Ch5 - 49

ONT Type

No. of Interfaces

ONT-HG8240 4xFE/GE (Electrical)+2xPOTS (H.248 based)

MDU MA5620G

24xFE + 24xPOTs

Services Targeted      

POTs (FAX, SPM, CO, Payphones) HSI (Al Shamil, Business1) via Access Gateway IPTV via STB ISDN-BRI via IAD Extra POTs/CO via IAD eLife

    

POTs (FAX, SPM, CO, Payphones) HSI (AlShamil and Business1) IPTV ISDN-BRI via IAD eLife

Table 5 - 10

5.16.2 Zhone GPON ONT Type

ONT zNID2520

No. of Interfaces       4 x FE (Electrical RJ-45)  4 x POTS (RJ-11)

ONT zNID2424 WBF (SIP based)

Services Supported

           

 4 x FE/GE (Electrical)  2 x POTS

      

POTs (Fax, SPM, CO) directly over ONT HSI (Al Shamil, Business 1) via Access Gateway IPTV via STB Dial-up Internet IP-VPN (IP Connect, X-Press Connect, Ethernet Leased Line, Internet over Ethernet): 64Kbps – 100Mbps. eCentrex 3G backhaul over FE interface. HSI (Business 1) via AG POTs (Fax, SPM, CO) directly over ONT ISDN-BRI via IAD Extra POTs/CO via IAD eLife POTs (Fax, CO) directly over ONT HSI (Al Shamil, Business1) via Access Gateway IPTV via STB Dial-up Internet IP-VPN (IP Connect, X-Press Connect, Ethernet Leased Line, Internet over Ethernet): 64Kbps-100Mbps eCentrex 3G backhaul over FE interface HSI (Business1) via AG POTs (Fax, SPM, CO) directly over ONT ISDN-BRI via IAD Extra POTs/CO via IAD eLife


Ch5 - 50

ONT Type

ONT zNID5114

No. of Interfaces

 4 x FE (Electrical RJ-45)  2 x POTs (RJ-11)  1 x GE (Electrical RJ-45)  4 x E1

 4 x FE (Electrical RJ-45) ONT zNID5120

 2 x POTs (RJ-11)  1 x GE (Electrical RJ-45)  8 x E1

 1xGE(Electrical RJ-45 ONT zNID7310

Services Supported                           

POTs (Fax, SPM, CO) directly over ONT HSI (Al Shamil, Business 1) via Access Gateway IPTV via STB Dial-up Internet IP-VPN (IP Connect, X-Press Connect, Ethernet Leased Line, Internet over Ethernet): 64Kbps – 100Mbps. eCentrex 3G backhaul over FE interface. HSI (Business 1) via AG POTs (Fax, CO) directly over ONT ISDN-BRI via IAD Extra POTs/CO via IAD E1 based services: PRI, 2G backhaul Leased Lines over DON network. (not released as of date) eLife POTs (Fax, SPM, CO) directly over ONT HSI (Al Shamil, Business 1) via Access Gateway IPTV via STB Dial-up Internet IP-VPN (IP Connect, X-Press Connect, Ethernet Leased Line, Internet over Ethernet): 64Kbps – 100Mbps. eCentrex 3G backhaul over FE interface. HSI (Business 1) via AG POTs (Fax, SPM, Pay phone, CO) directly over ONT ISDN-BRI via IAD Extra POTs/CO via IAD eLife Outdoor ONT For 2G/3G Mobile Backhaul only.

 8xPOTs (RJ-11)  2xE1

Table 5 - 7


Ch5 - 51

5.16.3 ALU GPON ONT Type

ONT I-240-G

No. of Interfaces

 4 x FE/GE autosensing (Electrical RJ-45)  2 x POTS (RJ-11)

ONT I-440-G

 4 x FE/GE autosensing (Electrical RJ-45)  4 x POTs (RJ-11)

ONT B-8102-A (48V DC powered only)

 1 x FE/GE autosensing

Services Supported                       

POTs (Fax, SPM, CO) directly over ONT HSI (Al Shamil, Business 1) via Access Gateway IPTV via STB Dial-up Internet eCentrex 3G backhaul over FE interface. HSI (Business 1) via AG POTs (Fax, SPM, CO) directly over ONT ISDN-BRI via IAD Extra POTs/CO via IAD eLife POTs (Fax, SPM, CO) directly over ONT HSI (Al Shamil, Business 1) via Access Gateway IPTV via STB Dial-up Internet eCentrex 3G backhaul over FE interface. HSI (Business 1) via AG POTs (Fax, CO) directly over ONT ISDN-BRI via IAD Extra POTs/CO via IAD eLife 3G backhaul over FE interface.

    

POTs (Fax, SPM, CO) directly over ONT HSI (Al Shamil, Business1) via Access Gateway IPTV via STB Dial-up Internet IP-VPN (IP Connect, X-Press Connect, Ethernet Leased Line, Internet over Ethernet): 64Kbps-100Mbps eCentrex 3G backhaul over FE Interface HSI (Business1) via AG POTs (Fax, SPM, Pay phone, CO) directly over ONT ISDN-BRI via IAD Extra POTs/CO via IAD eLife

(Electrical RJ-45)  8 x POTs (RJ-11)  2 x E1

 2 x POTs ONT B-2404

 4 x GE  4 x E1

      

Table 5 - 8


Ch5 - 52

Services 

Shared MDU/ONT are used to deliver HSI, IPTV and POTS



Dedicated ONT to be used for IP-VPN and Leased Line services

Notes: 1) Al Shamil/Business1: Access gateway is required for Wi-Fi (Wireless LAN) and/or if PPPoE Client is not supported by PC Operating System (e.g. Windows 98). 2) Zhone ONT zNID2520/2424 is preferred and recommended for Residential as well as Business services, if no E1 based services are required. 3) Zhone ONT zNID5114 and zNID5120:These ONTs are primarily intended to be used for Business Services where E1 based services are also required (IP-Connect, X-Press Connect, IoE and E1 PRI, E1 LL, 2G/3G Backhaul). If E1 is not required, zNID2520/2424 is preferred for Business customers also (better throughput, 4xPOTs and lower price). 4) 3G backhaul over FE: Clock sourced from collocated 2G site or from dedicated E1 from CO. 5) E1 (PRI, 2G backhaul) over Zhone FTTH/B: Zhone FTTH/B uses PWE3 for E1 based services; for more details please refer to FTTH Development Manual/Part 4: List of Annexure/Annexure 11 . 6) 1Gbps throughput cannot be provided from Huawei, Zhone and ALU FTTH/B. At present, speed offered is from 64Kbps through 100Mbps (1GE port of Huawei, Zhone, ALU ONTs not to be used). 7) ISDN-BRI and CO lines: With the combination of ONT & IAD (IAD does not support SPM/Payphone). SPM/Payphone to be directly from POTs port of ONT.


Ch5 - 53

5.17 ONT Selection Flowchart

5.18 Service Requirements and ONT Characteristics 

ONT can be shared with multiple customers residing in the same premises.



Maximum three STBs can be provided on one ONT. For additional STBs, another ONT to be installed.



If the requirement exceeds the port capacity of the ONT, then second ONT should be installed (preferred). If extra fiber is not available, then IAD should be installed.



IADs required for extra POTs/CO lines or for ISDN-BRI lines. SPM not supported over IADs.



FE and GE interfaces provided on all ONTs are RJ 45 – Electrical.


Ch5 - 54



E1 interface on all ONTs: 120 ohm balanced, RJ45/RJ-48, Electrical.



POTS: RJ11, twisted copper pair.



Ethernet and E1 cable distance from ONT to end device: max 90 meters over cat 5/cat 6 cable.



For POTs/CO/Payphone line: maximum distance allowed between ONT and the end device (telephone/key systems/Pay-phone) to be 2000 meter.



For Business Tenants requiring only Residential Services: In case of Huawei, ONT HG851/HG851a/HG8240 is preferred over ONT OT550 due to more POTs interfaces. Similarly, in case of Zhone, ONT zNID2520/2424 is preferred over zNID5114 or zNID5120. For ALU, I240G/I440G to be used.



Zhone ONT zNID 2520 is preferred over ONT zNID5114/zNID5120 for Residential as well as IPVPN Business services where E1 are not required. Zhone ONT zNID5114/zNID5120 to be used for IPVPN Business services only if E1 are also required by the customer.



If number of POTS interfaces is full, additional ONT should be installed by pulling extra drop fiber from splitter (or use extra fiber in drop cable). In case, extra fiber is not possible, then IAD should be installed.  Services with constraints:  Telex – Not supported, out of scope of FTTH/B. 

Police Alarms over dedicated copper – Not supported, out of scope of FTTH/B.



SPM is not supported via IADs


Ch5 - 55

Chapter 6 –Installations Installation of FTTH network requires a careful on-site planning to keep up with work time schedule. Any variations in the planned network, like cable distance need to be coordinated with Planning. Also, as Regional Network Development departments are busy with planning and executing GPON network development projects. There is a lot of data thus required to be collected and preserved. Also tracking such a quick rollout requires very good coordination and collaboration between engineering sections and other business units. Thus, a powerful software application GPON Development Progress Tracker (GDPT) to handle the volume of data which can act as a medium to collaborate between different sections becomes a need.

6.1 Optical Distribution Frame (ODF) - POP Location The output of the Optical Line Termination (OLT) is connected to the 1:2- splitter. Eleven numbers of such splitters are accommodated in a 19‖ rack unit. The 1:2 splitter rack unit is placed in the 40U rack unit. It is always preferable to place the Optical Distribution Frame for housing 1: 2 splitter unirack modules nearest to the OLT racks. The racks can be placed on the concreted floor or raised floor depending on the site situation.

6.1.1. ODF on Concreted Floor The manufactures recommended method for installing the unirack frame on the floor is shown in Figure 62. The grounding point of the rack is shown in Figure 6-1. Note: Always ground the Equipment Racks. This will prevent damage to men and machinery


Ch6 - 1

Figure 6-1: Grounding Bolt

Figure 6-2: Fixing of Unirack Frame‘s Base on the Floor


Ch6 - 2

6.1.2 ODF on Raised Floor The installation process is similar except that the mounting is done on the raised tile. Slots to be made on the tile to route the patch cords and cables to the cable trays placed beneath the raised floor. Photograph showing typical installation is shown in the Figure 6-3.

Figure 6-3: Rack Installed on Raised Floor

Figure 6-4: ODF Frame Assembly


Ch6 - 3

6.2 Unirack Module with 1:2- Splitter On completion of the ODF installation, the 19‖ unirack modules with 11 nos. 1:2 splitters to be mounted on the frame. The best practice is to load the frame from bottom in case of raised floor installations and from top where overhead cable trays are used for patch cord routing. Typical installation of 1:2 splitter unirack modules in an ODF is shown below.

Figure 6-5: ODF with 1:2 Splitters

6.3 Patch Cord Drawer (PC Drawer) A PC drawer is to be placed at the bottom most slot of the frame. It is used for storing excess lengths of patch cords. There on, place 4 unirack modules, followed by a PC drawer. The photograph and detailed sketch of a PC drawer is shown in Figures 6-6 & 6-7.

Figure 6-6: Patch Cord Drawer

Figure 6-7: Patch Cord Drawer Assembly


Ch6 - 4

6.4 Unirack Module - Patch Panel for Distribution The ODF‘s for Feeder side are to be installed next to the 1:2 splitter ODF‘s. The patch cords from the output side of the splitters to be routed to the feeder side unirack modules through the overhead / floor mounted cable trays depending on the site situation. Figure 6-8 shows a unirack module, where feeder side is already connected.

Figure 6-8: Unirack Module with 24 Ports and Splice Box

In Figure 6-8, three numbers 8F fan-out cords are connected inside the unirack module. Also, 3 ribbons of 8 fiber ribbons are brought to the splice tray through a PVC flexible tube. The ribbons are part of a 600F indoor cable, which is clamped on the ODF. The fan-out cords are fusion spliced to the 8F ribbons, inside the splice tray. The splice box with the cover removed is shown in Figure 6-9. The heat shrinkable splice protection sleeves are also visible. Detailed description of Fiber Fusion Splicing is given in FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 1.

Figure 6-9 – Splice Tray Inside a Unirack Module


Ch6 - 5

6.5 Patch Cord Selection, Routing and Termination The interface between the OLT and the PON is by an optical patch cord, which connects the OLT port with the 1:2 optical splitter input port. The Huawei OLT‘s have SC/PC connector port. SC/APC connectors are used for all other PON Ports. Hence, SC/PC –SC/APC patch cords are required for the OLT–PON interface. The following table shows the common optical connectors used in Etisalat. SL. NO

TYPE

BOOT COLOR

COUPLING

REMARKS

1

SC/PC

BLUE

SNAP

Used at the OLT Port.

2

SC/APC

GREEN

SNAP

Used in PON. Have high return loss

3

SC/SPC

SNAP

Similar to SC/PC, but less insertion loss

3

FC/PC

BLUE

SCREW

4

LC/PC

BLUE

SNAP, SFF

5

LC/APC

GREEN

SNAP, SFF

Used in core network Small Form Factor. Duplex type also available

Table 6 - 1

Note: Small Form Factor (SFF). These connectors are available in duplex also. The SC/APC Connector is shown in Figure 6-10 depending on the site situation; the patch cord can be routed either through overhead cable trays or through trays fixed beneath the raised floor.

Figure 6-10: SC/APC Connector

Note: Care should be taken to select appropriate lengths of patch cords, for a neat appearance and ease to locate fibers. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation

Ch6 - 6

Route the patch cords through the trays provided in the ODF rack, to the respective splitter input ports. Always fix the patch cord manager on each unirack module for proper dressing of patch cords and to provide necessary strain relief. Excess patch cord lengths, if any shall be stored in the PC drawers inside the ODF. Note: The Optical Splitter Rack Units to be numbered from bottom to top. The patch cords leaving each port shall have the reference number of ODF No, Splitter unit no. and port no.

6.6 To OSP Cable The indoor FO cable fusion-spliced to the 1:2 splitter outputs is to be routed to the cable chamber or ―0 Manhole‖ through proper cable trays for further splicing to UG-type FO cable for extending to feed FDH‘s. Hence, these cables are also called Feeder Cables. The cables shall be labeled using PVC ferrules. The indoor FO cable will be fusion-spliced again to outdoor-type FO cable. Note: Outdoor-type FO cables shall not be used indoors. Indoor cables are fire retardant and most have Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) outer sheaths to prevent fire and smoke hazards. Proper slacks are to be provided for both indoor and outdoor cables inside the cable chamber. Typical cable slack is shown in Figure 6-11. The cable slack shall be properly looped around the cable supports. Joint closures are to be placed on joint supports placed between the cable supports. If not supported properly, the weight of the joint can cause macro bending on the FO cable. Fasten the joint box on the joint support using cable ties.

Figure 6-11: Cable Slack in Chamber


Ch6 - 7

6.7 Fiber Optic Cable – UG Installation As the name implies a robust Optical Fiber Cable System is the backbone of the Fiber-to-the-Home Network. An Optical Fiber is made of extremely pure glass, composed of two basic parts, called core and clad. The light signal is transmitted through the core, and the cladding around the core prevents the light being escaped, employing the Total Internal Reflection property of light. A coating layer is applied directly over the clad during the manufacturing process of fiber. Over this a secondary coating is applied which protects the fiber from macro bending. Metallic or non-metallic strength member is added to the cable to take the loads involved and limit the cable strain. Water barrier is added to prevent water ingress to the cable and finally and an outer sheath is applied to prevent abrasion and to provide crush resistance.

6.7.1 Etisalat Criteria for Fiber Optic Cable 

FO cable installation shall be manual pulling or by use of cable jet.



Normally the pulling tension must not exceed 9.81 x W Newtons, W being the weight of the cable in Kg./ Km.



Minimum static bending radius of fixed cable is 10 times the diameter of the cable.



Minimum dynamic bending radius of the cable under stress shall be 20 times the diameter of the cable.



Cable guides, rollers and accessories must be used while pulling the cable through the duct.

Note: It is important to pay attention to cable manufactures recommendations and stated physical limitations and not exceed the given cable load rating for a particular cable. Damage caused by overloading during installation may not immediately apparent but can lead to failure in its service life.

6.7.2 Route Considerations Careful installation planning can significantly influence the way FO cables are installed. Local considerations and knowledge will be useful during the planning phase. Route planning and cable handling methods must carefully take in to account the specified minimum bending radius and maximum tensile loading of the cable being installed. Installers have to face with adverse situations such as ducts in poor condition, contain excessive curvature and abrupt change in directions, ducts already having other cables, ducts partially filled with sand etc. Such cases, the pull distance shall be adjusted so that the cables are not over stressed. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation

Ch6 - 8

Figure 6-12: Cable Laid in Figure-8 Pattern

Provision of long cable lengths in UG ducts may involve installation methods which require access to the cable at intermediate points. The fiber shall be slacked in such locations in Figure-of-Eight method, as shown in Figure 6-12.

6.7.3 Cable Overload Protection There are two classes of devices to prevent over-stressing of cable;  

Those situated at the reel side, and That situated at the pulling end.

These equipments include mechanical clutches, stalling motors and hydraulic bypass valves which can be set at a particular load, when exceeded will trip off the operation before the cable is damaged.

6.7.4 Winching Equipments and Ropes These include end-pull winches with various types of prime movers, intermediate winches for longer lengths schemes and wherever necessary, powered cable feeding equipment. Synchronization is required in intermediate pulling methods so as to prevent excessive fiber strain. Ropes or lines of low specific weight and high modulus of elasticity are necessary for FO cabling. Lines or ropes must be placed with care when FO cables already exist inside the ducts. Knots in the ropes must be avoided.


Ch6 - 9

Figure 6-13: Cable Trailer

Figure 6-14: Continuous Rod


Ch6 - 10

6.7.5 Guiding Systems and Cable Bending Cable guides and Bell-mouths shall be used for guiding the cable into the ducts. Always ensure not to exceed the specified minimum bending radius. As a rule of thumb, 24 times the diameter of the cable shall be considered as safe bending radius during installation time.

Figure 6-15: Cable Pulling

6.7.6 Cable Friction and Lubrication Lubricants specified for UG cable installation shall be used liberally during cable pulling to overcome the cable friction. It is not advisable to use soap-based lubricants, which may damage the outer sheath of the cable.

6.7.7 Cable Handling Methods for Long Spans When the cable spans are very long, it may not be practical to install the cable by single-end pull. The most common static method used is known as ―Figure-of–Eight system‖. This method requires the cable drum to be placed at an intermediate point between the start and end locations. Cable is pulled to one direction by normal end-pull method. The remaining cable is removed from the drum and laid out on the ground in a ―Figure-8‖ pattern as shown in the Figure 6-12. The winch is then moved to the other end and the laid out cable is pulled using the same end-pull method. Hand-pulling methods and blowing techniques can be used for fiber installation. Whatever be the method, the maximum pulling tension shall not be exceeded.


Ch6 - 11

Figure 6-16: Underground Cable Laying

6.8 Outdoor FDH Installation Etisalat employs various makes and types of Outdoor FDH such as Empty Cabinet Shells which can be loaded as per the subscriber demand; partially loaded cabinets which are suitable for places with medium / low home pass density; and fully loaded cabinets which can connect up to 480 / 384 subscribers; meant for high density areas. Refer to FTTH Development Manual/Part 4: List of Annexure/Annexure 17 for detailed outdoor FDH Cabinet and Termination of cables.

Figure 6-17: FTTH Outside Plant Schematic Drawing


Ch6 - 12



A typical FDH shell loaded with 7 Nos. 2:32 splitters is shown in Figure 6-18. 24-port unirack module placed on the left side bottom of the FDH. PC drawers used to keep excess lengths of patch cords also seen.

Figure 6-18: Outdoor FDH





Each fiber from the incoming cable represents one port of the 1:2 splitter in the OLT location. This fiber is fusion spliced to the unirack module port. 24F/16F feeder cable is brought into the bottom portion of the unirack module. This is the incoming cable for FDH(O). Note: It is recommended to do fusion splicing inside the Splice Vehicle only. In Situ splicing can damage the equipments and provide unwanted results. 2:32 splitters are placed from top to bottom; on the left side of the frame. Patch cords are used to link the incoming fibers to the input port of the splitter. Notes: Maximum number of splitters possible on the FDH(O) is 15, which corresponds to 480 subscribers. Only Input Port-1 of the 2:32 splitter is connected at present. Input port-2 is for redundancy, when the diverse route is made available.



The outputs from the 2:32 spitters are connected to the 24-port unirack modules kept on the right-hand side of the cabinet. Patch cords are used to link the splitter outputs to the unirack module.



Typically, 24F loose tube fiber is fusion spliced to the pig-tails inside the unirack modules. PVC spiral tubes are inserted on the loose tubes of 24F cable for protection, as shown in the Figure 6-17.



FDH cabinet must be properly earthed.


Ch6 - 13

6.9 Drop Closure Installation As shown in the figure below, the feeder cable from the POP location, i.e. the cable emerging from the cable chamber is dropped into the Outdoor Fiber Distribution Hub or FDH(O). Then 16F / 24F loose tube cables are used depending on the planned capacity of the cabinet. Refer to FTTH Development Manual/Part4: List of Annexure/Annexure 18 for detailed drop closure installation and distribution cable termination.

Figure 6-19: Drop Installation

Enough slack should be provided for both feeder cables and distribution cables inside the JRC. The slack length shall not be less than 10 meters on each side of the joint, and shall reach the Splice Vehicle without stressing the cable.

Figure 6-20: Fusion Splicing at Site


Ch6 - 14

In the figure below, the fiber optic cables jacket is stripped and the strength member is cut, and is fixed firmly on the split-bolt assembly on the chassis of the closure

Figure 6-21: Strength Member Termination

Only the fiber tube which needs to be spliced to the drop cable is cut. Remaining tubes are coiled around the splice tray, as shown in the Figure 6-22.

Figure 6-22: Drop Closure / OPEN


Ch6 - 15

6.10 Connecting Drop Cable in Drop Closure To connect a new drop cable, the closure has to be taken inside the splice vehicle. Identify the fiber to be connected to the drop fiber, strip open the tube and prepare for fusion splice. Similarly, bring the drop cable into the closure through the rubber grommet in the closure port. Pull about 1.5 meters of drop cable into the closure. Cut 0.5 meter so as to remove the over stressed fiber due to pulling tension. Strip open the messenger wire and cut it so that it can be inserted into the slotted bolt for fastening. Measure and mark the cable required to loop around the splice tray. Remove the PVC jacket and expose the 250µm fiber. Prepare the fiber for fusion splice. Details of Fusion Splicing are given in FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 1. The fusion spliced joint with heat-shrinkable protection sleeve placed in the heater is shown in Figure 6-23.

Figure 6-23: Fiber Protection Sleeve Inside the Heater

After applying heat, the joint is placed in the inserts of the splice tray and taped for additional strength. Figure 6-24 shows a completed joint. On completion of the fusion splicing, close the splice trays and tape them for added safety. Close the closure by fastening the screws in a diagonal way.


Ch6 - 16

Figure 6-24: Joints Arranged Inside the Tray

6.11 Drop Cable Termination at the Customer Premise Fast-field connectors or e-connectors are used to terminate FO drop cables at the customer premises. The cable is terminated through micro ODF also known as Rosette; refer to Rosette installation for details. The internal structure of typical e-connector is shown in below.

Figure 6-25: e-Connector Assembly Drawing


Ch6 - 17

Figure 6-26: e-Connector Assembly Procedure

6.11.1 Fast-field Connector Installation Remove 0.5 meter of the other end of the drop cable. Strip opens the messenger wire and cut 30cm. off. Various stages of drop fiber connectorization are shown below. Note: Care should be taken while removing the messenger, not to bend the fiber above the specified bending radius.


Ch6 - 18



For different video presentation on fast-field connector installation, ―right click and open in weblink browser‖ the following hyperlinks;  Corning Optisnap connector on 2.5m jacket  Corning Optisnap connector on 900micron tight-buffered fiber  Fujikura connector  Sumitomo electric e-SC connector


Ch6 - 19

6.12 Inside Plant Network Installation Having the right test equipments and installation tools are very essential for FTTH installations. To ensure quality installations, the contractor or installation team should be well-equipped and well-trained in using these test equipments and installation tools. The test equipments and installation tools shown are not necessarily the recommended brand and it only serve as a guide to the type of product.

6.12.1 Test and Inspection Equipments Contractors or installation team should make the following test and inspection equipments available when carrying out FTTH installations.


Ch6 - 20


Ch6 - 21

6.12.2 Installation Tools The following are basic installation tools that an outsourced contractor or installation team should have in their installation tool kits, together with the general tools such as drills, screw drivers, spirit levels and tape measures. Such tools should be of good quality in order to meet installation standards.


Ch6 - 22

6.13 Planning the Work 6.13.1 Liaison with Building Owner 

The contractor shall explain the scope of the work to the building owner or his representative. Obtain a No Objection Certificate (NOC) in the format provided by Etisalat, from the building owner to carry out the work.



A professional and proper coordination with the building owner is a pre-requisite, to enable the installation team to carry out an efficient and timely installation. The contractor‘s staff appointed for liaison with the building owners shall have good communication skills and be able to explain the technical as well as the non-technical scope of work.



A contact person from the building owner‘s side shall be identified and the time schedule planned for completing the work shall be agreed with the owner or his authorized representative.


Ch6 - 23

6.13.2 Pre-Installation Survey - Inside the Building The contractor shall carry out a pre-installation survey to identify; 

Splitter location(s) mentioned in the design



Vacant riser tray from the FDH-splitter location(s) to carry the fiber optic cables to each of the individual flats.



The number of drop fibers required from the FDH to the ONT locations shall be identified for a Direct to Home fiber architecture.

The space required to lay the drop fibers shall be calculated based on the number of drop fibers. In case the existing riser does not have enough space to carry the new fiber optic cables, the contractor shall identify a space and or route to install the required fiber optic cables. Existing riser trays carrying the coaxial cables of Etisalat‘s Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) network can also be used. Existing trays shall be used after segregating the existing cables in the tray. In case new riser trays are to be installed, galvanized slotted steel cable trays shall be installed. Galvanized slotted steel cable trays are the preferred mode for vertical sections of the new riser. PVC trunking / conduits may be used for horizontal sections of the new proposed cable route if the existing conduit to the individual flats from the floor telephone room / building vertical riser is full or not available. If the MDU architecture planned for a building is a multicore one, space for fixing the FDB‘s shall be identified. The FDB‘s occupy a maximum size of 310mm (H) x 300mm (W) x 100mm (D).

6.13.3 Pre-Installation Survey - Inside Customer Premises The contractor is to identify the conduit carrying the existing telephone cable. This conduit shall be used to carry the fiber optic drop cable from the splitter or FDB location to the ONT location inside the flat. In case the existing conduit is full, the contractor shall identify a new route to fix the required conduit or trunking to contain the fiber optic drop cable. 

The contractor is to identify the services availed by the tenant from Etisalat. CAT6 / CAT3 cabling is to be done from the ONT to each service location using existing conduit or through newly installed trunking as applicable.



The scope of work shall be clearly explained to the tenant. His preferred time for carrying out the installation shall be collected.


Ch6 - 24

6.13.4 Comparing Work Order with the Pre-installation Survey Results 

The contractor shall compare the design issued along with the Work Order (WO) with his preinstallation survey results.



The contractor shall confirm the location of the FDH and the maximum distance of fiber drops from the FDH to individual ONT locations.



The contractor shall compare the Bill of Quantity (BOQ) of materials required with the Stores Issue Voucher (SIV) issued with the WO.



Any variations/discrepancies noticed shall be highlighted to Etisalat.

6.13.5 Withdrawing Materials from Store 

The contractor shall collect the materials for the project from the Etisalat store.



The contractor shall acclimatize themselves of the Stores Item Code (SIC) and description as used by Etisalat for the various items issued from Etisalat stores.



The contractor shall ensure that the quantity and type of material received is in line with that mentioned in the SIV.

6.13.6 Storage of Materials Contractor shall be responsible for the collection and safe custody of all materials issued by Etisalat as mentioned in paragraph above. The contractor shall maintain proper stores, and it shall be maintained for each project or Work Order and not cumulative to the contract. The contractor shall inspect all materials and reels upon receipt to ensure that they are the proper material, and inspect and report any damage to the stores immediately. All store- issued materials shall be stored indoors in a dry place and under temperatures between 10oC to 40oC. It is not permissible to allow cable reels to drop from the delivery truck during the loading and unloading process. Handling equipment must not come in contact with the cable. The cable reels may be marked with a direction arrow to indicate the proper direction to roll the reel i.e. in the direction opposite to the direction that the cable is wrapped. Reels should only be rolled in this direction. Rolling reels the wrong way can cause the cable to loosen on the reel. The cable reels shall preferably be stored indoors on a dry surface. If the cables are stored outdoors, it shall be done on a dry & hard surface and shall be covered with weatherproof materials to protect reels and


Ch6 - 25

cable from sunlight and moisture. The cable ends must be kept sealed and should remain fastened to the reel flange to prevent them from lying on the ground. Stacking of cable reels shall be avoided. In unavoidable situations only a maximum of 2-3 reels shall be stacked. Be sure to allow enough room between reels to allow access to the reels for removal. The location of the contractor‘s store shall be intimated to Etisalat. The contractor‗s store shall be subject to periodic inspection by Etisalat staff.

6.13.7 Materials Procured By Contractor The contractor shall procure and stock adequate quantities of screws, washers, rawl plugs, nails, surface reinstating materials and lubricants to aid cable pulling for completing the work as per the Work Order. The materials procured by the contractor shall be of the highest quality and shall be subject to inspection and approval from Etisalat.

6.14 Execution of Work 

Ensure that the building owner‘s permission is available. The contact person from the building owner‘s side is identified.



Ensure that the time schedule agreed upon with the building owner and the tenants are strictly adhered to.



Ensure that all the materials required for installation have been delivered to the site.



All tools required for completing the installation are available at site. Safety rules are reviewed with the installation team.



Check the appearance of the installation teams. A professional appearance will increase the building management‘s and the tenants‘ confidence in the team‘s ability to perform work properly and to their satisfaction.



All members of the team are in uniform and carry an Identification (ID) card. The ID card must be worn outside the clothing and should be visible to others. The contractor name shall be prominently printed or etched on the uniform.



The installation team shall plan to complete the assigned work in the agreed time. It is recommended that an appointment is made with the building management and the tenant as the case may be as early as possible and to ensure that the preferred time is followed. The installation team shall intimate the status of work to the building management, tenant and Etisalat throughout the period of the work.


Ch6 - 26



FDH to ONT location, riser installation, cable tray installation, route the cable tray in the most direct route possible. The size of the cable tray shall be determined based on the number of drop fibers to be laid and as well as the space available.



The total of the cross-sectional area of all cables shall not exceed 50% of the cross-sectional area of the cable tray. Do not drill structural elements of the building. Supports for cable tray shall be provided in such a way that it provides strength and working load capabilities. Cable Trays shall be installed without any sharp edges. The tray interior shall be clear of all projections, sharp objects and sharp bends.



Cable trays shall be used in vertical sections of the riser and shall be preferably single tiered.



There shall be at least 6‖ of open space above and 3‘‘ space beside the cable trays.



The cables in the tray shall be protected from the floor entry to a height of at least 50cm, by fixing a section of the tray in the opposite (side flanges towards the installed tray).

6.14.1 PVC Trunking / Conduit Installation 

PVC trunking or conduits may be installed for the horizontal section of the floor distribution.



The size of the PVC trunking or conduit shall be determined based on the number of drop fibers to be laid and as well as the space available.



The total of the cross-sectional area of all cables shall not exceed 50% of the cross-sectional area of the PVC trunking or conduit.



All PVC trunking (including mini-trunking) shall be securely fixed with screws. It will not be acceptable to use self-adhesive trunking.



PVC conduits may be used in concealments and in areas with false ceilings.


Ch6 - 27

6.14.2 General Guidelines for Riser Installation 

Holes drilled through walls and floors for the routing of cables shall be suitably sleeved to prevent damage to the installed cables. Where cables pass through floors, such protection shall be extended to at least skirting height. Where cables, trunking, tray work or conduit pass through floors or walls, suitable fire sealing shall be provided.



All cables in corridors‘ ceiling spaces must be contained. This should be in white PVC trunking where it is visible. Otherwise, cable tray may be used. Cables must not be left lying on the top surface of suspended ceilings, nor should they be in contact with any HVAC pipes located above the ceiling.



No section of conduit shall be longer than 30 meters (100 feet) or contain more than two 90° bends between pull points or pull boxes.



The inside radius of a bend in conduit shall be at least 6 times the internal diameter. When the conduit size is greater than 50mm (2in), the inside radius shall be at least 10 times the internal diameter of the conduit. For FO cable, the inside radius of a bend shall always be at least 10 times the internal diameter of the conduit.

6.14.3 Indoor Drop Cable Laying 

The drop fiber will be laid from the splitter located in the FDH of the building or from the Floor Distribution Box (for multicore riser) to individual ONT locations in customer premises.



Prior to the laying of the fiber optic cable, the cable paths shall be examined to ensure the paths are free of debris that may interfere with the cable‘s installation.



Check the cable length to make sure the cable on the reel is long enough for the run.



If an existing riser is used for laying the fiber drop cable, the existing cables shall be segregated.



The drop cables from each floor shall be bunched together for easy identification.



As much as possible vertical cables from each floor shall be dropped down rather than being pulling them up.



Do not exceed the cable bend radius. Fiber Optic cable can be broken when kinked or bent too tightly, especially during pulling. If no specific recommendations are available from the cable manufacturer, the cable should not be pulled over a bend radius smaller than twenty (20) times the cable diameter. After completion of the pull, the cable should not have any bend radius smaller than 10 times the cable diameter.


Ch6 - 28



Support cables at frequent intervals to prevent excess stress on the outer sheath. Support can be provided by cable ties (tightened snugly, not tightly enough to deform the cable jacket).



Cable stands shall be used to support the cable reel during all cable pulling operations. Roll the cable off the reel instead of spinning it off the reel end to eliminate as far as possible the natural coiling of the cable.

Figure 6-27: Drop Fiber



Provide service loops to assist in gripping the cable for support and provide cable for future repairs or re-routing.



In conduits it is important to use a rope of a suitable size that will give minimal stretching during the pull. Stretching of the rope is undesirable for several reasons including that it makes for a very unstable pull, and takes away control from those doing the pulling. A heavier rope that is anywhere from a 1/4" to 1/2" in thickness is recommended. The thickness of the rope should increase with greater pull lengths. Have the pull rope installed before the cable pulling crew arrives for maximum efficiency.



Communication between the person feeding and the person pulling the cable is absolutely essential. If the person feeding runs into a snag then the puller must stop immediately to avoid damage to the cable. Walkie-talkies or mobile phones with hands free kits or bluetooth headsets are recommended for this purpose. Use of great pulling force is not allowed as this can damage the terminations and/or the cable.



The maximum tensile load of the cable shall not be exceeded while pulling the cables.



Use a generous amount of cable pulling lubricant on the entire run, especially on the leader (pulling eye & mesh). The person may stop the cable pull from time to time to prepare and apply more lubricant. Use only a lubricant that is expressly designed for cable pulling.


Ch6 - 29



Do make every effort to pull cables from a conduit in as straight an angle as possible. Pulling at an angle can cause damage to the cable.

Figure 6-28: Cable Pulling in Conduit



The leading end of the cable should be sealed to prevent intrusion of water or other foreign material while pulling.



The short term minimum bend radius, or dynamic bend radius, is the tightest recommended bend while installing cable at the maximum rated tension. It is the larger of the two specified bend radii. Throughout the pull, the minimum bend radius must be strictly followed. If a location exists in the middle of a run where a relatively tight bend is unavoidable, the cable should be hand-fed around the bend or a pulley can be used.



The long term bend radius, or static bend radius, is the tightest recommended bend while the cable is under a minimum tension. It is the smaller of the two specified bend radii. After the pull is complete, the cable can be bent more tightly to fit into existing space, but not to exceed the long term minimum bend radius.

Figure 6-29: Cable Bend Radius


Ch6 - 30



Fiber Optic cables, like all communications cables, are sensitive to compressive or crushing loads. Cable ties should be hand tightened to be snug but loose enough to be moved along the cable by hand. Then the excess length of the tie should be cut off to prevent future tightening.



All Fiber Optic cables should be marked at each end with identification numbers (FDH no. + Port no. + Flat no.) That will indicate on documentation where the cables terminate. These labels would also help in identifying the drop at the FDH.



The Fiber Optic cables shall be fixed / supported at an interval of 1 meter.



The following amount of loops shall be provided at cable ends. • Mini-ODF / Rosette at customer premises - 0.5 meter to 1 meter. • FDB (in Multicore Architectures) – 1.0 meter to 2.0 meters. • FDH – 1.0 meter to 3.0 meters



Pulling and fixing of drop fiber at customer end.



The ONT location as identified in the Pre-Installation Survey shall be point till which the fiber drop is to be pulled.

6.14.4 Indoor Drop Cable Installation through Existing Telephone Duct 

In case the route identified to lay the drop fiber is through the existing telephone duct;



Identify the primary telephone socket outlet (3/4A or 4/4A) in the customer premises. It is to this location that the drop fiber from the optical splitter for this customer will be routed.



It will be necessary to either draw in the fiber from the nearest pull-box directly via a fish wire, or by using an existing draw rope in the conduit system.

Figure 6-30: Drop Cable Pulling 1


Ch6 - 31



With the draw rope or with the fish wire, pull the drop fiber from the last pull box location to the socket outlet. Ensure that the drop fiber is correctly attached to the draw rope or fish wire and that the drop fiber is not stressed by applying more pulling force than the manufacturers recommendations. Right click and open weblink browser, in order to view video presentation on ―How to tie pulling wire/metallic pulling line to the yarn of 1F Corning drop cable‖

Figure 6-31: Drop Cable Pulling 2



If using a draw rope, pass the fiber through the weave of the rope at 1 meter intervals and secure with tape. The picture on the left shows the method. This will help to reduce the stress on the fiber while being pulled. If using a fish wire attach the fiber to the fish wire with tape at 1 meter intervals.

Figure 6-32: Fixing Micro-ODF at Customer Premise



The face plate of the socket or the back box (if fitted) should be ―notched / slotted‖ to allow the drop fiber and the line cord connection cable (RJ-11) to exit/enter.


Ch6 - 32

6.14.5 Termination of Cables Etisalat will be using a Square Connector (SC) connector to terminate the drop fibers at the FDH end as well as at the ONT end. A generic picture of a SC connector is shown Figure 6-33. SC connectors have a square body, an alignment post, and a 2.5mm ferrule.

Figure 6-33: SC Connector

The connectors are field-installable and are of cleave and crimp type. These connectors have a prepolished fiber stub installed in the ferrule. These have been assembled at the factory, and have a quality of polish superior to any that can be performed in the field. The jacket and buffer coating from the fiber shall be removed to a distance as recommended by the manufacturer. A cleaver is used to break-off the fiber to within two degrees of 90 degrees (perpendicular), at a specific length. The pre-installed fiber stub in the connector has been cleaved at the factory. The cleaved fiber end is inserted into the back of the connector until it contacts the fiber stub within. An internal mechanical clamp is activated, which holds the two cleaved fiber ends together, and a crimping tool is used to crimp the back of the connector to the fiber‘s jacket. Before commencement of termination the installer has to ensure that all the parts of the connector as per manufacturer‘s specification are available at site. It is especially important that all connectors be properly cleaned and inspected because of the high power levels involved. . As single mode fibers have very small cores, typically 9µm in diameter, a single particle of dust or smoke can block more than 10% of the transmission area.


Ch6 - 33

Never allow unmated connectors to touch any surface, and never touch a connector ferrule for any reason other than cleaning. Use an appropriate cleaning method. A dry-air blower, cleaning kit, surface-cleaning pad may be used. Pure alcohol, rated for cleaning fiber optic components and dust-free lint free pads or an approved fiber optic use once cleaning cassette is the recommended method of cleaning. Keep unused connector ports capped and keep unused caps in a clean re-sealable plastic bag. The ferule of the SC connector comes in two variants. The ferule could be an Ultra Polished Connector (UPC) or be an Angled Polish Connector (APC) type. The SC/UPC connector comes in blue color cover while the SC/APC connector comes in green color cover. An SC/UPC connector or adapter should not be connected with an SC/APC adaptor or connector. Refer to topic 6.11.1 for detailed fast-field connector installation.

6.15 Drop Cable Termination in Micro ODF or Rosette Inside the customer premises, the drop cable is then terminated in a micro ODF also known as Rosette. Shown here is a square-type Rosette mounted on the wall.

Cable entry preparation  Knock out or cut the side for the fiber drop cable entry

Figure 6-34: Rosette cable entry

Micro ODF mounting  Mark the location where the micro ODF to be installed or in indoor equipment cabinet back plate. Drill and fix the base using accessory screws.


Ch6 - 34

Figure 6-35: Rosette mounting

Cable loop and connector installation Insert the fiber drop cable. Provide cable loops with length 500mm. Cut the excess length and install connector.

Figure 6-36: Cable loop in Rosette

Connecting to adaptor Wind the cable loop in the base‘s cable management and then connect to the SC/APC adaptor. Install the faceplate.


Ch6 - 35

Figure 6-37: Cable connected to SC/APC adaptor

6.16 Indoor FDH Cabinet Installation & Drop Cable Termination Free standing type of FDH requires unirack modules, such as optical splitters, patch panel and pc drawers. This type of FDH is necessary for buildings where tenancies are more. Detailed installation guide for indoor FDH is provided in FTTH Development Manual/Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 16.

6.17 Testing of Fiber Drop Cable Once the drop fiber is installed and terminated, the fiber should be tested. Most fiber optic connectors are specified as having an insertion loss of less than 0.5dB. Since there are two connections for each fiber, up to 1dB of attenuation can be expected to be added to the installed cable. As the drop fiber is comparatively of shorter length, the cable attenuation becomes lower, but the connector insertion loss remains the same. If the cable is installed properly, most of the measured attenuation will come from the connectors. The terminated drop fiber shall be tested using an Optical Loss Test Set (OLTS). The loss of each of the drop fiber shall be determined using two reference cables. A picture of the OLTS and reference cables are shown in Figures 6-38 & 6-39. Ensure that the connectors are cleaned each time they are used and the same reference cables are used. The reference cables used shall be of the highest quality; factory terminated, single mode fiber G652.1 and shall always be stored with the respective parts of the OLTS. The quality of the reference cables shall be frequently tested. One end of the reference cable shall be terminated with the type of connector on the meter while the other end shall be SC/APC connectors. The mating adaptor used shall also be of highest quality and always stored in dust-free containers


Ch6 - 36

Figure 6-38: Testing Fiber Drops 1

The testing shall be carried out at 1550nm or 1625nm. The launch reference cable is attached to the source, the receive reference cable to the meter, and then the two cables are mated to set the reference. The value so obtained is the reference value against which the insertion loss of the drop fiber will be measured.

The reference cables shall be connected to the drop cable as shown in the figure below.

Figure 6-39: Testing Fiber Drops 2

Make sure the output power level from the source shall be greater than -30dBm. At least three readings shall be taken from each side and averaged to find the loss of the drop fiber. The time interval between the readings shall be greater than the averaging time of the power meter.


Ch6 - 37

The test shall be started only after ensuring that the optical source output has stabilized after switching on the source. This time is to be taken from the manufacturers recommendations. As the drop fiber being tested is small in length, the loss measured would be mainly the losses introduced by the two connectors. If the measured loss is greater than 1dB of the expected loss (2 X connector loss of 0.5dB each connector + cable loss @ of 0.5dB per km), the drop fiber shall be analyzed using an Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR). While testing the drop fiber using an OTDR ensure to test the drop fiber using a launch and receive fiber of the length (approximately 200 meters) specified by the manufacturer, to correctly analyze the connectors.

6.18 ONT Installation The ONT and its associated accessories shall be installed at the location as identified during preinstallation survey. The fiber into the ONT shall be managed using either of the following methods depending on the site conditions. 

Using an Extended Micro-ODF.



Using PVC trunking and Micro-ODF / Rosette.

6.18.1 ONT Installation with Extended Micro-ODF As shown below is Huawei OT 550 ONT set-up using the extended micro ODF. Details for installing the extended micro ODF are detailed below.

Figure 6-40: ONT Installed using Extended Micro ODF


Ch6 - 38



Remove the knock-outs on the top to align the Extended Micro-ODF with the output ports of the ONT. All the knock-outs have to be removed for a Huawei OT550 all the knock-outs except the ones at the farthest end have to be removed for a Zhone NID -2520.

Figure 6-41: Extended Micro ODF for Zhone NID2520



Install the SC/APC adapter in the holder. The connector guiding slots of the adapter should face up.



Wall mounts the Extended Micro-ODF. Use the slits at the back of the unit to insert the screws.



Guide the incoming fiber and the patch cord to the ONT is shown below.

Figure 6-42: Extended Micro ODF Fiber Management


Ch6 - 39



A patch cord shall be used to connect the adaptor in the Rosette to the ONT. The patch cord shall be of a length less than 1 meter and shall be managed in the trunking beside the Micro-ODF.



The layout of the ONT and associated accessories shall be as follows. •

The location and orientation of the ONT and accessories with respect to the Micro-ODF / Rosette may be varied slightly depending on the site condition.

•

Depending on the surface, the ONT and trunking will be mounted using both wall plugs and screws or dry wall fixings will be required.

•

The ONT shall be installed along with a section of trunking mounted below the ONT and having a length of 300mm. The trunking (100mm wide) is to be mounted directly below the ONT.

6.18.2 ONT Installation with PVC Trunking 

The ONT shall be installed along with a section of trunking mounted below the ONT and having a length of 300mm. The trunking (100mm wide) is to be mounted directly below the ONT.



When using 100mm x 50mm trunking, the minimum length will be 300mm (Huawei). The Micro-ODF will be mounted inside the trunking as shown in Figures 6-43 & 6-44. The trunking will be mounted directly above the telephone socket outlet (3/4A or 4/4A) as shown. The trunking can be positioned with the telephone socket to either end depending on site conditions.



The trunking will have a section of its side wall removed to facilitate cable entry. The slot will be centrally mounted below the power socket on the ONU and the fiber patch cord entry to the ONT.



The ONT and the trunking should be installed as per the below layouts. The layout shall be used as a guide to the installation process. Actual site conditions will dictate the final layout of the installation. If in doubt consult your supervisor.


Ch6 - 40

Figure 6-43: ONT Installation using PVC Trunking 1



When using the square Micro-ODF, the Micro-ODF will be mounted adjacent to the telephone socket outlet (3/4A or 4/4A). It can be mounted to the right or left of right of the telephone socket depending on site conditions connecting Service Outlets.

Figure 6-44: ONT Installation using PVC Trunking 2


Ch6 - 41

6.19 UTP Cable Installation Follow the following guidelines while pulling UTP cables. 

Cable must be pulled from the reel or box without kinking



Cable must be pulled with less than 25 lbs. of tension



Use cable lubricant in conduit if necessary



Cable must not be pulled around sharp corners or kinked



Inspect the cable routes for surfaces that may abrade the cable



On riser installations, try to lower the cable down, not pull up and secure carefully at recommended intervals.



Cables must be supported to prevent stress. Cable supports must not have sharp edges that may damage the cable



Cable ties must not be so tight as to distort the jacket of the cable. They are only used to prevent unnecessary movement of the cable, so snug is tight enough.

6.20 UTP Cable Termination 6.20.1 CAT3 Cable for Telephone Connection 

The first Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) RJ-11socket shall be installed as close to the ONT as possible.



A CAT3 cable which comes with four pairs of twisted wires shall be used to connect the POTS port of the ONT to the RJ-11 socket.



The pin out details at the RJ-11 plug and socket are shown below.


Ch6 - 42

Figure 6-45: RJ-11 Plug Pin-out



Pin numbers 3 and 4 of the RJ-11 socket shall be wired to pin numbers 2 and 3 of the RJ-11 plug respectively.

.

Figure 6-46: RJ-11 Socket PIN



In case the customer has more than one telephone account in the same premise more than one RJ -11 socket shall be installed.

6.20.2 CAT6 Cable for High Speed Internet and IPTV Connection 

An RJ-45 socket shall be installed near to the, computer or wireless router to which the Internet access is to be provided.



CAT6 cable shall be used to connect the FE (RJ-45) port of the ONT to RJ-45 socket installed.



CAT6 cables shall be run through the existing conduits inside the customer premises. In case of nonavailability of conduits or the existing conduits being full, separate PVC conduits / trunking shall be installed for the same.


Ch6 - 43



Keep UTP cables away from potential sources of Electro Magnetic Interference or EMI (electrical cables, transformers, light fixtures, etc.) as far as possible. Cables should maintain a 12-inch separation from power cables.



The total length of the CAT6 cable from the ONT port to the computer / router location shall not exceed 90 meters including any patch cords at each end.



The pin out diagrams of the CAT6 cables, RJ-45 sockets and RJ-45 plug are as shown in Figure 6-48. Looking at the RJ-45 plug with the clip facing away from you, brown is always on the right, and pin 1 is on the left.



Cables to be terminated according to EIA/TIA 568B standard

6.20.2.1 EIA/TIA 568B - Color Coding

Figure 6-47: 568B wiring standard

6.20.2.2 Jack Pin-outs

Figure 6-48: Jack Pin outs, 568B


Ch6 - 44

6.20.2.3 RJ45 Plug Installation 

Slide the rubber connector boot onto the end of the cable. Next, strip and remove 50mm of cable sheathing. Then, cut the plastic spine.

Figure 6-49: CAT6 cable outer sheath removed



Arrange the pairs into correct configuration for the 568B wiring standard.

Figure 6-50: CAT6 cable orientation



Using the crimp tool, trim the wires to the correct length of 13mm.

Figure 6-51: CAT6 cable trimming


Ch6 - 45



Ensure wires are in the correct order and untwisting of wires is minimized to prevent cross-talk and reduced performance.

Figure 6-52: CAT6 cable trimmed to size



Insert the wires carefully into the connector. Make sure the wire pattern is not disturbed. Ensure the wires are fully inserted and the cable butt has been pushed beyond the strain relief bar.

Figure 6-53: CAT6 cable inserted to connector



With the wires fully inserted into the connector, place the assembly into the crimp tool. Make sure the connector is fully inserted into the crimp tool before crimping.

Figure 6-54: Crimping of connector


Ch6 - 46



After crimping, inspect the connector to ensure the cable sheath has been correctly inserted into the connector body and the strain relief bar is pressing onto the cable sheath and not to the wires.

Figure 6-55: CAT6 cable after crimping

1. Sheath fully inserted into the connector 2. Strain relief bar pressing onto the wires 3. Sheating not inserted correctly and no strain relief to connector.

Figure 6-56: CAT6 termination sample

6.21 Testing of UTP Cable The UTP cables laid to the telephone outlet, High Speed Internet outlet and eVision outlets shall be tested using a wire map tester. This test is to ensure that the two ends have been terminated pin for pin, i.e. that pin 1 at the patch panel goes to pin 1 at the outlet, pin 2 goes to pin 2 etc. etc. The wire map also checks for continuity, shorts, crossed pairs, reversed pairs and split pairs. Miswire—One or more pins or pairs are not connected to the correct pins at the other end of the cable, i.e., one-to-one—pin 1 to pin 1, pin 2 to pin 2, etc.


Ch6 - 47

Split—a split pair is an error in the twisting of the wires together within the cable. The cables generally are made up of eight wires twisted together in 4 pairs. These 4 pairs are designated as pairs by the wiring standards and are intended to carry a signal and its return. 1 & 2, 3 & 6, 4 & 5 and 7 & 8 are the pairs designated by T568A/B for a RJ45 jack or plug. A cable can be wired with correct continuity, but not with correct pairing. This often happens when the cable is terminated consistently at both ends, but in the wrong order. A dynamic or AC test is required to detect this type of error. If the only error is a split pair error, the cable has correct continuity. If cross talk is not a concern, as in flat satin cable, the cable is good if the only error is the split pair error. Open—the pair is not connected. Short—the pair has a low resistance connection between wire pairs or the shield. The wire pairs involved displays on the LCD screen. Reverse—a reverse (Rev) pair is a special case of a Miswire, and both icons will be flashing. The wires are connected to the correct pair of pins, but the two leads are reversed. Voltage—when voltage is detected on any of the pins, lightning bolt icons flash. Disconnect from the cable as soon as possible. Testing Procedure After completing the installation, verification of the permanent link of the UTP network can be performed using wire mapping. A permanent link is the fixed part of the cabling which is tested after installation; these test results give information on installation quality. The permanent link extends from the patch panel in the indoor equipment cabinet to the telecom outlet at the user side.


Ch6 - 48

Figure 6-57: Permanent Link



Using factory connectorized patch cord, connect the meter in the patch panel port and connect the remote unit to telecom socket.



Run the test and check results.

6.22 Completion of Work After completion of the installation, including outlet fittings and devices, inspect exposed finish. Remove burrs, dirt, dust, and construction debris and repair damaged finish, including chips, scratches, and abrasions. Restore patched surfaces as close to the original condition and finish as reasonably possible. Where patching occurs in smooth painted surface, extend final paint coat over entire unbroken surface containing patch. On completion of work, the installers shall explain the work done to the customer. They shall also explain the location and proposed use of the new outlets installed.

6.22.1 Reconciliation of Materials The contractor shall return all unused materials to the Etisalat store. The materials shall be returned to store via a Material Return Note (MRN) issued from Etisalat Project Office. A reconciliation of the materials for the project shall be submitted by the contractor along with the site diaries. The cost of any materials not returned if any will be deducted from the contractor. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation

Ch6 - 49

A wastage allowance as per the below table may be considered, while reconciling the listed materials.

SN

Material Description

1 2

FTTH Drop Fiber ( 1F and 2F) Multicore Fiber Riser cable

3

UTP cables

4 5

Fast-Field Connectors for Drop and Multicore Riser PVC Trunking and Conduits

Percentage Wastage allowance on As Built quantity 5% 3% 5%

Remark Cable wastage allowance includes wastage during dressing/connection and the unusable end piece in each drum.

1% 3% Table 6 - 2

The above are the maximum allowance which can be allowed to the contractor. However depending on the site conditions and experience of the contractor, actual wastage may be less than allowed. All contractors must be advised to limit wastage below the maximum permissible allowance and should indicate that the wastage claimed by the contractor will be monitored and will be used in the future as a measure of their Key Performance Indicator. Contractor should submit material reconciliation report indicating the quantity drawn, actual use, wastage and the cable returned to store. Where the contractors are paid for the lump sum cost per drop basis, no additional instruction is needed. However in certain cases where the contractors are paid per meter basis, the as-built length is to be used for recording the quantity in site diary. Wastage material may be returned to store as scrap and the usable length shall be returned as good for future use. All contractors must be encouraged to use the reel till it reaches the unusable length. Contractors returning multiple used drums to the store must be avoided. Usable length in Drum - Maximum usable length in the drum has been fixed as per Table below. All cable beyond the usable length must be used by the contractor. Contractors should be discouraged from using multiple drums at the same, leaving large quantity of drums with end pieces. Maximum utilization of the full drum of cable must be encouraged.


Ch6 - 50

Usable length in Drum SN


Usable length in Drum

Remarks Below the usable length may be written OFF by the store as per Accounting Manual.

1

FTTH Drop Fiber

50 meters Installers can utilize any length of cable to their maximum usage.

2

Multicore Fiber Riser cable

50 meters

3

UTP cables

10 meters Table 6 - 3

Cable Scrap Cables will be scrapped under the following criteria; SN


Remarks

1

D‘ Side Cables

All lengths less than or equal to 100 meters

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Cable Internal Distribution

All lengths less than or equal to 50 meters

Jumper Wire E‘ Side Cables PCM Cables(armoured /unarmoured) PCM Cables (aerial) Underground coaxial cables (all types) Fiber Optic Cables (all external types) Fiber Optic Cables (all internal types) Outdoor Drop Fiber Cables

All lengths less than or equal to 5 meters All lengths less than or equal to 100 meters All lengths less than or equal to 100 meters All lengths (no future use) All lengths (no future use) All lengths less than or equal to 250 meters All lengths less than or equal to 30 meters All cut lengths less than 100 meters

Indoor Drop Fiber Cables

All cut lengths less than 50 meters

10 11

Table 6 - 4


Ch6 - 51

Chapter 7 – Labeling 7.1 Cable Labeling An important part of cable management, cable labels makes it easy to identify or trace a fiber cable or patch cord all the way from its source to its destination. All the infrastructure components especially cables need to be clearly and uniquely labeled. Both cable ends need to be labeled using Ferule-type cable label or self-laminating prints.

7.2 Labeling Machine Cable labels have a strong but releasable adhesive. They are printed using labels machine on a tough tear and fade resistant material that can be written on with a ball point pen or pencil.

Figure 7-2: Sample of Fiber Cable Label

Figure 7-3: Sample of Patch Cord Label

Figure 7-1: Labelling Machine

FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & installation

Ch7 - 1

7.3 Labeling using Ferule Cable Marker

Figure 7-4: Sample of FO Cable Label

Figure 7-5: Sample of Ferule Cable Label

7.4 Patch Cord and Drop Cable Labeling Guide in Indoor FDH 7.4.1 Label legends 

SP1, SP2…SP4 refers to optical splitter module numbers



ODF1, ODF2….ODF4 refers to patch panel modules where fibre drop or multicore cables are connected



P1, P2….P32 refers to splitter or patch panel ports


Ch7 - 2



MODF1, MODF2….MODF8 refers to mini ODF number where multicore cables are connected



SHOP1, SHOP2…. MEZ1, MEZ2….F101, F102….F801 refers to the shop, mezzanine and flat numbers of the building

7.4.2 Label size

 

Label size 9mm Font size 5mm, black color and all capital

7.4.3 Patch cord labeling (splitter to patch panel-drop module) - End 1 (Splitter side)

- End 2 (Patch panel side)

7.4.4 Multicore cable labeling - FDH end (Patch panel side)


Ch7 - 3

- Mini ODF end

7.4.5 Fiber drop cable labeling – in Patch panel & mini ODF


Ch7 - 4

Chapter 8 – Customer Services and Network Selection 8.1 Residential/ Business Service Requirements Residential Tenants – Services requirements:  POTs 

HSI: Al Shamil



IPTV: e-Vision



eLife

Business Tenants – specific Services requirement:  IP Connect [VPRN], X-Press Connect [VPN – VLL/VPLS], Ethernet Leased Line, Internet over Ethernet. 

E-Centrex



HSI: Business One & Business One Super



E1/PRI, Leased Lines (TDM based over SDH/DON network)



ISDN-BRI



CO lines with/without SPM



Payphones

The following categories have been identified based mainly on the type of services (residential / business services) & BW requirements.

Category A: Residential and Small-Medium Business / SOHO 

Connected via 2:32 Splitter at FDH + 1:2 Splitter at CO. One GPON port on OLT 

Huawei: ONT OT550 / HG851 / HG851a / HG8240



Huawei: ONT OT925 / OT928.



Zhone: ONT zNID 2520



ALU I-240 / 440



IAD for additional POTS / CO lines and ISDN BRI.


Ch8 - 1

Category B: Large Business, Government Offices 

If IP-VPN services are not required: Connected via residential 2:32 Splitter at FDH + 1:2 Splitter at CO.



In case IP-VPN services are required: Connected via 2:32 splitter at FDH. 

Huawei: ONT OT928 (IPVPN)



Zhone: ONT zNID 2520/2424 (use ONT zNID 5114 or zNID 5120, if E1 based service required)



ALU I-240/440 /B-8102-A / B-2404-P(IPVPN)



IAD for additional POTS / CO lines and ISDN BRI.

Category A: Residential and SMB/SOHO Residential: • POTs • HSI – Al Shamil • IPTV eVision • eLife Small/Medium Business (SMB)/SOHO: • POTs • HSI: Business-1 & Business-1 Super • IPTV: eVision • E1/PRI, TDM Leased Lines. • CO lines with/without SPM, • Payphones • Extra POTs/CO • ISDN-BRI

• • • • • • • • •

•

Category B: Large Business, Govt. POTs HSI: Business-1 & Business-1 Super IPTV: eVision E1/PRI, TDM Leased Lines. CO lines with/without SPM, Payphones Extra POTs/CO ISDN-BRI IP Connect [VPRN], X-Press Connect [VPN – VLL/VPLS], Ethernet Leased Line, Internet over Ethernet. e-Centrex

Table 8 - 1


Ch8 - 2

Figure 8-1: Category A / Residential



Residential tenants: via Huawei ONT OT550 / HG851, Zhone ONT zNID2520/2424 or ALI I240/440 over 1:2 + 2:32 splitters.



Business tenants with Residential services: via Huawei ONT OT550 / HG851, Zhone ONT zNID 2520 or ALI I-240/440 over 1:2 + 2:32 splitters.



If Business tenant wants E1 (PRI/LD), then via Huawei ONT OT925 / OT928 or Zhone ONT zNID 5114/5120 or ALU B-2404-P but still via 1:2 + 2:32 splitters. – In such case Residential services also via same ONT (POTs via IAD for Huawei ONT OT 925).



OLT PON port shared for all above services.


Ch8 - 3

Figure 8-2: Category B / Large Business



If IP-VPN services are required along with residential services from beginning, then provide via common ONT and dedicated splitters (2:32). In such case, install Huawei OT928 or Zhone ONT zNID 2520 or ALU B-2404-P as it supports POTs.



If IP-VPN services are not required from beginning, then provide residential services via Huawei ONT HG851 / OT928 or Zhone ONT zNID2520/2424 or ALI I-240/440 and 1:2 + 2:32 splitters. In such case, Business tenants who need Business services (IP-VPN) at later stage: provide via separate Huawei ONT OT925 / OT928 or Zhone ONT zNID 2520 or ALU B-2404-P via dedicated 2:32 splitter. If E1 based services are also required then Huawei ONT OT928 / OT925 or Zhone ONT zNID5114 / zNID5120 or ALU B-2404-P must be used.



In both cases above IP-VPN services are provided from dedicated 2:32 splitter, which is separate from ―residential‖ 2:32 splitter.



IADs for extra POT‘s / CO / ISDN-BRI.


Ch8 - 4



Multiple of the 2:32 splitters are deployed at FDH based on the number of Business tenants with business services requirements.

8.2 Business Services 

VPN services via FTTH GPON: IP Connect [VPRN], X-Press Connect [VPN – VLL/VPLS], Ethernet Leased Line, Internet over Ethernet: CHARACTERISTICS

GPON SPECS

Bandwidth

64Kbps – 100Mbps

Number of VLANs

1–7

Distance

12.5 KM

Network Media Type

Fiber

Transparent Transmission of Multicast Traffic

Supported

Backup/High Availability

Supported

Automation

Supported

MTU value (Bytes)

1500

NTD/CPE Type

Huawei ONT OT925/OT928 Zhone ONT zNID2520/2424 or zNID5114/5120 or ALU-B-8102-A /B-2404-P (if E1 also required)

NTD/CPE Interface Type

Electrical Only Table 8 - 2

 

NTD- Network Termination Device, CPE: Customer Premises Equipment Backup supported via separate circuit and customer-end device making the switch-over (refer to backup scenario).

8.2.1 Supported MTU values for Business Services Maximum supported MTU and frame size per access element is defined by HW capabilities rather than specific SW configuration. Therefore, following table must be consulted to decide on which ONT/Access Media should be installed in the customer premises that requires MTU size higher than 1500 bytes.


Ch8 - 5

Vendor

Maximum Frame Size (Bytes)

Maximum MTU Value (Bytes)

1536

1514

1632

1610

1632

1610

2004

1982

zNID-5114

1996

1974

zNID-5120

1996

1974

IP Connect

zNID-2520

1996

1974

Xpress Connect

Active Ethernet

2052

2030

I-240G-A

1532

1510

I-240G-P

1996

1974

I-440GP

1996

1974

B-2404-P

1996

1974

B-8102-A

2000

1978

Active Ethernet

1980

1958

Element ONT OT-925 ONT OT-928G

Huawei

HW Version 5.0 ONT OT-928G HW Version 7.0 AE ETHB

Zhone

Alcatel-Lucent

Applicable Services

Table 8 - 3

Notes: The above mentioned figures are subject to the following conditions: - L2/L3 Aggregation nodes are configured to support higher MTU values. -In case of L3 IPConnect customers who are running OSPF protocol, same MTU value has to be communicate and configured in the PE router in order for OSPF to establish neighbor ship successfully.

8.2.2 ProConnect Etisalat planned to offer a new ProConnect service targeting Small Medium Business (SMB) customers. This service is similar to IPConnect service, but tailored and limited to niche market that agrees to pay lower price for suitable data services for their businesses. The maximum asymmetric bandwidth up to 2 MB with no CoS is currently offering under this service. Refer to FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 10 for ProConnect Service details.


Ch8 - 6

8.2.3 Etisalat/Customer Data Center Connectivity This section describes the applicable guidelines that should be followed when considering Data Centre Connectivity. In general, data centers are tend to host critical services which require robust and flexible solution that can accommodate their requirements such as availability and resiliency. Therefore, data center connectivity shall be considered in case by case basis and the following criteria must be evaluated prior to decide on the best connectivity method: Criteria 1: Owner of the data center. Criteria 2: Power (AC/DC), Air condition and space availability for Etisalat Access/core Equipments. Criteria 3: Fiber Availability and fiber route diversity between the nearest POPs and the targeted data center. Criteria 4: Number of requested/forecasted services and connections for this data center for the next 3 years. Based on careful analysis of the above criteria, region shall adopt one of the following options to provide connectivity to the targeted data center: Option A: Data Center is collocated in Access POP: Existing GPON OLT loaded with GPON and Active Ethernet boards shall be used to provide local connectivity to the customer. All VPN services below 1Gig should be provided over active Ethernet boards using optical interface. Option B: Data Center located within the boundary of an Access POP & with more than 100 VPN services Consider the Data Center as ‖POP‖ and install Dedicated GPON OLT loaded with Active Ethernet boards to provide local VPN connectivity to the customer. Other voice service should be provided from the nearest Access POP. Option C: Data Center located within the boundary of an Access POP & with less than 100 VPN services In case the Data Center requirement are low in terms of services and connections and hence this data center can be considered as main branch/HO connection, existing FTTH/B Guidelines to be followed. However, route diversity for the FDH shall be considered as mandatory.


Ch8 - 7

8.2.4 Service Level Agreement (SLA) Etisalat‘s service availability levels are already recognized as excellent. However, in last few years, with the growth in the UAE economy and business, customers have been requesting higher service availability commitments from Etisalat, similar to those offered globally. In order to meet the current market demands Etisalat have devised 2 packages, known as Pro and Basic SLA package for existing as well as new Enterprise and Small & Medium Business (SMB) customers only. After receiving approvals for both SLA options from TRA, Etisalat will be rolling out the services commercially to our top customers and major accounts. The proposed Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a new option attached to three of our Data Services (IPConnect-XpressConnect-IDA); by which customers receive a guarantee of service availability. The services levels offered on each package will include different SLA levels for services offered on copper and fiber optic media for the service access link, as backup or diversity will not be provided on the copper- side of the network (MSAN cabinet to customer). If the guaranteed targets are not met, customers are entitled to a rebate on their monthly bill. Customers receive a quarterly report (either hardcopy or online) with an overview of their network performance. The SLA is offered as a package that customers need to subscribe/upgrade to. Before a customer is approached to subscribe for SLA package, checking from pre-qualified list of customers is needed to verify customer‘s eligibility for SLA service. The pre-qualified list will have the name of the customer, location and the access link details on which SLAs can be offered and supported by engineering team within SLA timelines. Refer to FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 9 for SLA pre-qualification checklist. Basic SLA  Backup access is not required.

Figure 8-3: Basic SLA


Ch8 - 8

Pro SLA  Backup access is pre-requisite or mandatory and shall be of the same service type and speed/bandwidth.  Route diversity shall be executed and ready for service provisions before customer can be approached to subscribe for this service.

Figure 8-4: Pro SLA

1. GPON AREA  Requires OLT Diversity in the same Exchange. 

The two OLT‘s are served from same access L2 aggregation switches in the same Exchange.



Each of the access links are to be provided from different OLT‘s from the same Exchange (POP domain).



From the OLT, the fiber cables to the customer have to be on two diverse routes for the main and backup link each through separate splitters.



At the customer‘s office, these access links are to be terminated on two separate Business ONT‘s


Ch8 - 9

Figure 8-5: Pro SLA /GPON Backup

2. MSAN AREA  Each of the access links (main and diversity) are to be provided from different cards of the same router at the same exchange. 

From the Exchange ODF, the cables leading to the MSAN cabinet where the customer is connected from have to be on two diverse routes for the main and backup link.



Route diversity shall be limited from Exchange up to cabinet location.

Router

ODF

MSAN Cabinet

Customer Equipment

FO Diversity

FO Main

Copper

Exchange

Figure 8-6: Pro SLA /MSAN Backup


Ch8 - 10

8.2.4.1 Access Link Distance Reference distance of customer from Exchange/POP location is shown below based on the type of Network configuration. Access Pro SLA Network From To Link Distance Redundancy Configuration Type Remarks MSAN/ Route diversity shall POP Location/ IPNGDLC Fiber ≤30 km be from Exchange up Exchange Cabinet to MSAN Cabinet Fiber/Copper-based location only. Network MSAN/ However, customer Customer IPNGDLC Copper ≤1.5 km shall be migrated to Equipment Cabinet GPON, if available. GPON (with 1:2 POP Location/ Customer splitter at POP & Fiber ≤12.5 km ONT 2:32 splitter at FDH) Exchange GPON (bypassing 1:2 splitter at POP. With 1:32 splitter at FDH) GPON (bypassing 1:2 splitter at POP. With 1:8 splitter at FDH) Dark Fiber (GE) Dark Fiber (10GE) Dark Fiber (FE 10/100)

POP Location/ Exchange

Customer ONT

Fiber

≤20 km

POP Location/ Exchange

Customer ONT

Fiber

≤35 km

Customer

Fiber

≤120 km

Customer

Fiber

≤40 km

Customer

Fiber

≤25 km

POP Location/ Exchange POP Location/ Exchange POP Location/ Exchange

Table 8 - 4


Ch8 - 11

8.2.5 Business Services Network Selection and FTTH/B Considerations FTTH/B deployment will vary based on IP-VPN service speed as explained in the chart below:

Table 8-5 Note: For IP-Connect, Xpress Connect and IDA services less than or equal to 100MB which are already deployed on GPON, customer should have the option to migrate to point-to-point incase his service requirements are not fulfilled by current implementation.

1. Maximum VLANs supported on one FE port of ONT: Seven with total throughput speed of Business or Mobile backhaul services to be max 400Mbps. 2. Total throughput speed of 400 Mbps per ONT is applicable to all Business or mobile backhaul capable ONTs except Huawei OT928 with HW version 5.0, which will be still limited to 100 Mbps as maximum allowed total throughput per ONT. 3. Therefore, maximum 7 numbers of ‗X-Press Connect- Point to Point VLL‘ can be provided from one Access port (i.e. one FE port) of ONT with total combined maximum speed of 100Mbps. 

In case where additional VLANs are required or if total combined speed exceeds 100Mbps, then service to be provided over dark fiber connected directly to PE router 7750 in central POP (or via AE cards of OLT if available).


Ch8 - 12

4. In case where multiple VPN services (IP-Connect, IoE, X-Press Connect) are required from one ONT – i.e. multiple Access ports (FE ports), above limitation of max 7 VLANs per port shall be still applicable. Further, maximum combined bandwidth for all Business and Mobile Backhauling services per business ONT should not exceed 400Mbps. 

Multiple (up to max 4) business circuits and/or 3G mobile backhaul circuits from single business ONT are allowed, but should be in coordination with Customer Services and/or Mobile Planning teams, so as not to put all major/critical sites and circuits in one ONT‟.



In case where total combined speed exceeds 400Mbps, then additional service to be provided over additional GPON ONT after considering aforementioned guidelines.



Existing provisioned bandwidth in the respective PON port should be taken into consideration while provisioning new fixed/ dedicated circuits (IP-VPN, Mobile backhaul).

Total bandwidth of fixed/ dedicated circuits (Business and Mobile Backhauling) in any PON port should not exceed 1.1Gbps.

8.3 Diversity Provisioning Standard for Enterprise Customers, VIP, Strategic Critical Sites and Others 8.3.1 Infrastructure Development and Charge Policy The recommended infrastructure development and Charge policy for various customer categories are given below. A. Headquarters of Top 20 Customers in 9 Segments (180 sites) (SCENARIO-A) The Head Quarters of Top-20 customers in 9 segments will be classified under Scenario-A, POP Level Protection, which defined as follows:     

Route Diversity from nearest OLT/POP if available in short distance. Route Diversity from same POP but different OLT, if above not available. Back-up cable size dependant on Bandwidth and tenancy forecast. Diverse lead-in duct is recommended. Customer has to provide lead-in. Utilize spare legacy Fiber cable for diverse path, if available and feasible. Junction cable should not to be used for back-up, not to mix junction and access traffic.


Ch8 - 13

 

If Customer‘s Data Centre is not in HQ site, customer shall decide the site to be covered under POP diversity or under OLT diversity. Back-up EID should be mentioned in all IT Databases and records such as GIS(NE4/5)/PMS/R&R/CBCM/WFM

B. Top 20 Customers, 9 Segments, 3 Major Sites (540 Sites) (SCENARIO-B) Three major sites of the top-20 customers are classified under Scenario-B, i.e. OLT level redundancy, which is defined as follows:    

OLT level protection Route diversity is mandatory. Provide diverse fiber from different OLT in the same POP. If this is not available, provide from a different card in same OLT as temporary solution. Back-up cable size dependant on Bandwidth and tenancy forecast. For customers served from FDH (I), same EID can be used. Backup splitter should be labeled and the records should be maintained and automated in the ISO system. Diverse lead-in duct is recommended. Customer has to provide lead-in. Service Delivery Section to communicate this with the customer.

For Scenario A and B, any customer served by FDH(O) in a ring topology, FDH (W) to be proposed to have a full diversity on development basis (civil and cable), and back-up EID should be mentioned in all IT Databases/ records such as GIS(NE5)/PMS/R&R/WFM. (Main and back-up routes to be terminated on same FDH (W) if ring is available) Policy for Developed area: to be done free of cost – civil, cable, drop cable, splitter and ONT. Policy for Undeveloped Area: Undeveloped area is defined as an isolated area where a dedicated fixed-network is provided for single customer only. For such cases, diversity shall be provided using wireless as temporary or permanent solution, based on the following criteria. a. Temporary solution: If the area is included for development in the current or next year, as per Master Plan. b. Permanent solution: If there is no proposal for development of the area in the current or next year, as per Master Plan. Fiber diversity can be provided for such cases if the customer is willing to pay the costs on re-charge basis. Note: AND-HO to be contacted for additional Bandwidth requirement due to back-up deployment. C. Rest of Enterprise Customers (SCENARIO-C) Enterprise customers who do not fall under the above 2 categories are classified under scenario-C, which is defined as:  OLT card level redundancy, i.e. diverse route from different card in the same OLT.  Route diversity is mandatory. FTTH Development Manual/Part 1: FTTH Design & Installation

Ch8 - 14

For customers served by FDH(O) in a ring topology, FDH (W) to be proposed to have a full diversity on development basis (civil and cable), and back-up EID should be mentioned in all it (Database) records such as GIS(NE5/PMS/R&R/WFM). For customers served from FDH(I), same EID can be used. Backup splitter should be labeled and the records should be maintained by ISO section. D. Other Business Sites SMB (SMALL & MEDIUM BUSINESS) Provisioning of diversity will be on case by case, based on customer request. Refer to regional GM for approval. The infrastructure, if not available will be qualified on demand, on recharge basis. E. VIP Customers VIP customers in each region to be identified by Regional Sales team and to be communicated to Core section and RND for providing Type B-Protection, where diversity is provided up to the first splitter level (i.e. FDH). Type-B protection is under trial, and not yet deployed. The features of Type-B protection are:  Diverse fiber from different card in same OLT. Second card as hot stand-by.  Main and Diverse fibers are terminated on the same splitter in FDH.  Route diversity up to FDH.  Cascading of splitters is not possible: protection only upto first splitter. Type-B protection should be provided to VIP customers on demand or upon migration from Legacy to GPON, free of cost. If diversity (ring/star) is not available, regional management to take appropriate decision. F. PRO-SLA Customers (Any ES & SMB customer) For Pro-SLA customers, Scenario-B redundancy (OLT Level) shall be provided on development basis. Service shall be offered to customers only if fiber infrastructure for diversity is available or after prequalification. G. Strategic Critical Sites (SCS) The following sites are defined as Strategic Critical Sites (SCS). All these sites has to be provided with Scenario-A protection. SMB, ES and Regional Sales Team shall identify the strategic critical site locations. (Location identification should be done prior to Master Plan preparation):a) Critical Etisalat sites such as Contact centre, Data centers, NOC, Earth stations, TAS, Regional HQ‘s and Head office buildings. b) Local Government buildings such as Dewan, Ministry of Foreign affairs, Ministry of Presidential affairs and other ministries, Embassies, Airports, Seaports, Govt. Hospitals, TV and Radio Stations etc, which are not under Top-20 list.


Ch8 - 15

Conclusion and Recommendations Considering the present practices and feedbacks from the Engineering and Marketing teams, the committee has defined three types of redundancy scenarios for implementation, such as:  SCENARIO A : POP level redundancy  SCENARIO B : OLT level redundancy  SCENARIO C : OLT card level redundancy The following action plan is recommended prior to implementing the diversity:1. Identify the Top-20 customers in CBCM and other IT records/Databases for main and back-up. Identify their geographical location and account details 2. For Top 20 customers identified for Scenario-A, the implementation of back-up route to be started in 2012 under C-item budget, subject to budget availability, and Marketing budget can be utilized if needed. 3. Remaining back-up proposals (for A, B and C) to be introduced in 2013 master plan preparation. The customer location to be identified by Business Solutions Section and the implementation should be under C-item budget. (Location identification shall be prior to year 2013/2014 Master Plan preparation) 4. Year-wise back-up provisioning implementation plan for above 3 categories to be identified by BS and RND sections. 5. For other Enterprise Customers requesting higher back-up (above their category entitlement) will be on recharge basis, based on marketing section advice. 6. Cost analysis for all cases shall be prepared by the regions. 7. List of accurate Strategic Critical sites (SCS) to be obtained and provided to the regions by CSE-HO. 8. Customer Lead/in diversity to be confirmed by the respective Service Delivery team prior to infrastructure deployment, as the same might be hard to implement in certain locations and buildings at later stages. 9. Wireless solutions can be enhanced to cater for higher speed in order to have multiple options considering customer demand. Satellite and Radio Section shall introduce solutions that provide higher bandwidth. 10. Back up for VIP to be done on demand.


Ch8 - 16

11. The existing Back-up/Diversity fiber cable on legacy network shall be utilized for GPON migration. 12. The task team has identified various strategies and standards for providing the diversity and back-up protection for important and critical sites. The time frame to implement diverse route to be defined. The recommendation is:  If only cable work is required : 2 months  If civil and cable work required : 3 months 13. Further, it is recommended that Regions with the assistance from Marketing shall compile the cost requirement for implementing the proposed protection plan during the year 2012, 2013 and 2014. 14. All exceptional cases, which are not mentioned above shall be addressed to GM/Region or SVP/BS for final decision.

8.4 Service Profiles 8.4.1 VLAN Configuration The smart VLAN configuration is pre-requisite from the data security and integrity in order to prevent intraVLAN communication. The following is the example of the required configuration of VLAN for deferent services: VLAN Type PPPoE H S I VOIP-POTS VOIP-SIP IPTV Management IP-VPN

Description Smart/Asymmetric VLAN = HSI_PPPoE Smart/Asymmetric VLAN = VOIP_POTS Smart/Asymmetric VLAN = VOIP_SIP Smart/Asymmetric VLAN = IPTV MUX VLAN = Management Smart/TLS VLAN = IPVPN (QinQ) Table 8 - 6

8.4.2 IP-VPN VLAN Assignment (applicable to GPON ONT and AE based customers) 

VLAN IDs for IP-VPN services are assigned by Etisalat teams and the customer must use the assigned VLAN ID for the provisioned circuits.



If the customer insists to use VLAN ID which is not in the assigned range or which is in conflict with VLAN ID assigned to another customer, then the core team to be approached to provide the service over dark fiber connected directly to PE router 7750 in central POP.


Ch8 - 17

8.5 Automation of Services 8.5.1 Huawei GPON TL1 interface is being used for Automation of services and the following scenarios should be considered for the automation of multiple play services over the FTTH/B: 

One ONT per tenant: the same ONT can be used in case of multiple tenants residing in the same premise. Multiple IPTV services for same or different tenants residing in the same premises shall also be provided from same ONT, subject to availability of FE ports.



ONTs (OT550/HG851) for Residential services (POTs, HIS & IPTV): Automated.



ONTs OT-925/OT928 for Business services and Residential services: Not automated.



IAD behind the ONTs for POTS/CO/ISDN-BRI: Not automated.



MDU MA5620G: Automated.



Point to Point AE is not automated.

8.5.2 Zhone GPON 

XML interface is being used for Automation of services.



One ONT per tenant: the same ONT can be used in case of multiple tenants residing in the same premise. Multiple IPTV services for same or different tenants residing in the same premises shall also be provided from same ONT, subject to availability of FE ports.



ONT zNID2520/2424: For Residential services: Automated.



ONT zNID5114/5120: For Business services: Not automated.



IAD behind the ONTs for POTS/CO/ISDN-BRI: Not yet automated.



AE is not automated.

8.5.3 ALU GPON: Not automated (under development)


Ch8 - 18

8.6 Specific Characteristics and Constraints 8.6.1 Reach limitations 

As per the fiber guidelines maximum distance between the ONT and OLT is 12.5 KM with 1:64 split ratio. This is in line with PON max loss budget of 28dB.

8.6.2 2G/3G Network Connection over FTTH/B

Huawei GPON:  Pseudo Wire Emulation PWE3 is not supported yet on the Huawei GPON ONT; therefore, E1 traffic from 2G will be carried as native TDM – i.e. over SDH network from OLT towards BSC. 

E1/STM-1 interfaces are required on Transport Network at OLT POP for backhaul of 2G links from OLT towards BSC.



E1/STM-1 card consumes GPON port slots in OLT.

Zhone GPON:  No E1 interfaces are required on Transport Network at OLT POP. However E1 concentrator is required at BSC site for backhaul of 2G links.  No dedicated E1 card in OLT. ALU GPON:  ALU supports MEF PWE3 encapsulation method, which is not compatible with Huawei and Zhone, as they support UDP.  Therefore, at present there is no E1 solution available from ALU. (Under investigation).

8.7 Point to Point (P-P) Connectivity 

It is point to poin000t fiber-pair connection between OLT Active Ethernet port and customer side device (router or switch) OR mobile CSG (Cell Site Gateway) device. 

Fiber and OLT HW protection is supported.



Protection via redundant fiber pair.



1GE (10Km) optical interface (media convertor required if customer side interface is electrical)

8.8 Clarifications 1) From GPF (2009, 2010), it is noted that more than 90% of such IPVPN/IoE circuits required are of BW <= 10Mbps. Therefore, it is recommended to standardize on 2: 32 splitters. However, where high BW circuits are to be provisioned (up to 100Mbps), existing PON port BW allocation must be checked so as


Ch8 - 19

to avoid over allocation. Total combined BW of all circuits allocated on one 2:32 ―Business‖ splitter must never exceed 1.25Gbps. 2) ONT selection:  Huawei ONT HG851/851a and OT928 are preferred as these have extra ports; ONT OT550 and OT925 are being phased out after consumption of existing stocks. 

Zhone ONT zNID2520/2424 is preferred over ONT zNID5114 or zNID5120 for Residential as well as Business services. zNID5114 / 5120 to be used for Business if E1 are also required.

3) Ownership and custody of ONT:  ONTs are part of FTTH GPON network and are property of Etisalat. 

ONTs are not to be transferred / shifted by the tenant while shifting premises.



Matter has been taken up with Marketing to ensure implantation and awareness as above.

4) Major corporate/government/VIP customers: Based on the business case (high number of VPN services/ONT units are required by the same customer), it is allowed to dedicate one PON port on OLT via 2:32 splitter for one customer as per Region‘s discretion.


Ch8 - 20

Chapter 9 – Outsourcing Activities and Other Working Instructions 9.1 Outsource Activities 9.1.1 Contract 44H/2011 This contract is for Survey, Design /Planning, Supply and Installation of Outside Plant Cable Network Development and Maintenance of Existing Network in Various Etisalat Regions. Details and Scope of Work of this contract is provided is FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 13. The following contractors are working under this contract. SN

Contractor’s Name

AUH

DXB

NE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

ECS Global Wire & Cable Special German Electro-Mechanical, L.L.C. CCS Comservice FZ-LLC Metro Electromechanical L. L. C. Tamdeed Projects L.L.C. Myson Telecom Systems EMCC Co. L.L.C. NETS International Communication L.L.C. Build Max Contracting L. L. C. Intelligent Telecommunication System Telnet Communication Technology L.L.C.

    





 

   

    

 

Table 9 - 1

9.1.2 Contract 180H/2010 Provision and Maintenance of Video (IPTV), Data (HIS, IPVPN, PRI etc) and Voice Services through Fiber to the Home, Copper and Broadband Wireless Network in UAE. Details and Scope of Works are provided in FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 14. The following contractors are working under this contract. SN

Contractor’s Name

AUH

1

CCS Comservice FZ LLC Telephony Telecommunication and Electronics Tech LLC

 

3


DXB

NE



Ch9 - 1

  

4

XAD Technologies LLC

5

Metro Contracting Est.

6

Al Hadeer Contracting LLC

7

German Gulf

8

Gulf Energy Electro-Mechanical Works LLC

9

Thermo LLC

10

12

Vision Tech Systems LLC Sky Log International Communications Network LLC Shahid Electrical LLC

13

Al Rostamani

14

Tamdeed

15

NAT Technical Works LLC

16

Catalyst System and Solution LLc

11





     



            

Table 9 - 2

9.1.3 Contract 24H/2011 Survey, Design/Planning Construction and Maintenance of Outside Plant Including Supply of Civil Materials on Turnkey Basis. Details and Scope of Works are provided in FTTH Development Manual / Part 4: List of Annexure / Annexure 15. The following contractors are working under this contract. SN

Contractor’s Name

AUH

AAN

WR

DXB

EC

RAK

WC

1

M/s CCS







-

-

-

-

2

M/s Knetco





-

-

-

-



3

M/s Utmost

-

-





-



-

4

M/s Bin Saifan

-

-

-





-



5

M/s Al Nasr

-

-

-





-

-

6

M/s Jog Union

-

-

-

-

-



-

7

M/s Tamdeed















Table 9 - 3


Ch9 - 2

Chapter 10 – Safety 10.1 Safety Precautions when Working on Fiber Optic Cables 

All personnel must wear the usual construction safety gear plus everyone must wear eye protection whenever working with optical fiber.



Extreme care is to be taken whenever handling fibers, especially when stripping fiber or scribing and breaking fiber extending out of an adhesive connector. Instead of breaking it, scribe it gently, and then slide your fingers up the connector ferrule, grasping the fiber and pulling it off. Then dispose of it carefully.



Most cleavers used for splicing or terminating pre-polished/splice connectors hold the fiber after cleaving, so the only problem is disposing of it. We recommend using disposable containers like those used for soups at carry-out restaurants. Use it for all your fiber scraps and then seal it and dispose of it properly.



Use a black plastic mat for a work surface. The dark background will make it easier to see the fibers you are working with and handle them more carefully. Any broken fibers that fall on the mat are easily found for disposal.



Place a length of double stick tape or a loop of black electrical tape on the mat or stick fibers to the adhesive surface, then dispose of the tape when finished. Or simply use a disposable container and place every fiber scrap into that container rather than leave them exposed on the work surface.



Fiber optic splicing and termination may use various chemical cleaners and adhesives as part of the processes. Normal handling procedures for these substances should be observed. Even simple isopropyl alcohol, used as a cleaner, is flammable and if in contact with the skin will degrease it and should be handled carefully.



Smoking is not allowed around fiber optic work. The ashes from smoking contribute to the dirt problems with fibers, in addition to the possible presence of combustible substances.



Keep all food and beverages out of the work area. If fiber particles are ingested they can cause internal hemorrhaging.



Wear disposable aprons to minimize fiber particles on your clothing. Fiber particles on your clothing can later get into food, drinks, and/or be ingested by other means.



Always wear safety glasses with side shields and protective gloves. Treat fiber optic splinters the same as you would treat glass splinters.


Ch10 - 1



Never look directly into the end of fiber cables until you are positive that there is no light source at the other end. Use a fiber optic power meter to make certain the fiber is dark. When using an optical tracer or continuity checker, look at the fiber from an angle at least 6 inches away from your eye to determine if the visible light is present.



Only work in well ventilated areas. Contact lens wearers must not handle their lenses until they have thoroughly washed their hands.



Do not touch your eyes while working with fiber optic systems until your hands have been thoroughly washed. Thoroughly clean your work area when you are done. Government Regulation



The contractor and his staff shall ensure to adhere to applicable Statutory Regulations and advisories issued by the Government and Municipalities from time to time.

10.1.1 Health & Safety What are the Hazards? We should always try to work, as safely as possible, but due to the nature of installation work there will always be hazards to be considered. We should always follow work instructions and procedures but there will always be a possibility of injury and care should always be exercised. Typical bodily risks in the workplace can include: Head and feet Eyes

(Falling Materials) (Flying particles typically caused by drilling and cutting operations)

Lungs

(Breathing contaminated air)

Skin

(Contact with corrosive materials, Sharp objects, Electrical energy)

Body

(Tripping, Falling from heights)

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is needed in these cases to reduce the risk of injury. It is very important that the PPE is suitable for the hazards being faced. As an example there are many kinds of safety eye ware and hand protection (goggles & gloves) you must ensure that the particular kind of protection you have will provide suitable protection for the activity you have to perform.


Ch10 - 2

Full details of health and safety requirements for onsite working can be found in the Emirates Telecommunications Corporation Safety Manual. This manual is available on the Etisalat intranet and the address can be found at the end of this section. If working on commercial premises it is important that the installation staff familiarize themselves with any local Health & Safety requirements before any installation work begins.

Responsibility The Engineer/supervisor of each section shall be responsible to assure adequacy and use of protective equipment applicable to their operations, including proper maintenance, and sanitation of such equipment (Quote taken from Emirates Telecommunications Corporation Safety Manual Section 3 General Safety, Chapter 26.0 Personal Protective Equipment)

Figure 10-1: Safety Gear

If you have any questions relating to Health & Safety or are unsure as to what safety equipment should be used in a particular situation then you can contact: HS&E Abu Dhabi 02- 6184154. A copy of the Emirates Telecommunication Corporation Health & Safety Manual can be found at the following address on the Etisalat Intranet Intranet www2.etisalat.corp.ae/Corporate/Items/DisplayItem.aspx?itemId=225&subTitleId=177


Ch10 - 3

Chapter 11 – Glossary A ABR

Available Bit Rate

AES

Advanced Encryption Standard

AF

Adaptation Function

Alloc-ID

Allocation identifier

AN

Access Node

ANI

Access Node Interface

APD

Avalanche Photodiode

APON

ATM over Passive Optical Network

APS

Automatic Protection Switching

ATM

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

AVC

Attribute Value Change

B BCH

Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquengham

BER

Bit Error Rate

BIP

Bit Interval Parity

B-ISDN

Broadband Integrated Services Digital network

B-PON

Broadband-Passive Optical Network

BRI

Basic Rate Interface

C CID

Consecutive Identical Digit


Ch11 - 1

CPE

Customer Premises Equipment

CRC

Cyclic Redundancy Check

D DFB

Distributed Feedback Laser

DSL

Digital Subscriber Line

E ECB

Electronic Code Book

E/O

Electrical/Optical

F FEC

Forward Error Correction

FP-LD

Fabry-Perot Laser Diode

FTTB/C

Fiber To the Building/Curb

FTTHCab

Fiber To the Cabinet

FTTH

Fiber To the Home

G GPON

Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network

H HEC

Header Error Control

I ICE

International Electro technical Commission

ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network


Ch11 - 2

L LAN

Local Area Network

LCD

Loss of cell Delineation

LSB

Least Significant Bit

LT

Line Terminal

M MAC

Media Access Control

MDU

Multi- Dwelling Unit

MLM

Multi- Longitudinal Mode

MPN

Mode Partition Noise

MSB

Most Significant Bit

N NRZ

Non Return to Zero

NT

Network Termination

O O/E

Optical/Electrical

OAM

Operation, Administration & Maintenance

OAN

Optical Access Network

ODF

Optical Distribution Frame

ODN

Optical Distribution Network

OLT

Optical Line Termination

OMCC

ONT Management & Control Channel

OMCI

ONT Management & Control Interface


Ch11 - 3

ONT

Optical Network Termination

ONU

Optical Network Unit

OPS

Operations System

ORL

Optical Return Loss

P PDH

Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PIN

Photodiode without Internal avalanche

PON

Passive Optical Network

POTS

Plain Old Telephone Service

PRI

Primary Rate Interface

PRBS

Pseudo-random Bit Sequence

PST

PON Section Trace

PSTN

Public Switched Telephone Network

Q QoS

Quality of Service

R RAU

Request Access Unit

RMS

Root Mean Square

RXCF

Receiver Control Field

S SDH

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SNI

Service Node Interface

SOA

Semiconductor Optical Amplifier.


Ch11 - 4

T TC

Transmission Convergence

TDM

Time Division Multiplexing

TDMA

Time Division Multiple Access

U UI

Unit Interval

UNI

User Network Interface

UPC

Usage Parameter Control

W WDM

Wavelength Division Multiplexing


Ch11 - 5

FTTH - Development Manual - Part 1

Recommend Documents