K. M. AGRAWA AGRAWAL COLL COLLEG EGE E Of Arts, Commerce & Science GANDHARI, KALYAN (W) – 421 301 Tel No: 2315959 (NAAC Accre!"e A)
Project Report on:
FRAU A! SCAMS "! #A!K"!G SEC$OR S%mitte' #(: Mr. Pr)ti*.S.S)*+)*)r Ro !o: - $./.#.com 0#)n*in1 & "ns%r)nce2 3Semester 45 S%mitte' S%mitt e' $o: $o: #$!%er&!"' o *+-! Project G%i'e: PROF. SU6EE$ S"!G7 Ac)'emic Ac)'e mic /e)r: /e)r: 2015.201/
K.M.AGRAWAL K.M.AGRAWAL COLLEGE OF AR$S, AR$S, COMMERCE COMM ERCE & SC"E!CE Accre!"e ' NAAC A, KAL/A!5
ECLARA$"O!
Mr. PRA$"K PRA$"K S SAK7ALKA SAK7ALKAR, R, ro+ KAGRA I, Mr. KAGRAW WAL CLLG CLLG
ART6,
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ECLARA$"O!
Mr. PRA$"K PRA$"K S SAK7ALKA SAK7ALKAR, R, ro+ KAGRA I, Mr. KAGRAW WAL CLLG CLLG
ART6,
CRC
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re7or" o$ FRAU A! SCAMS "! #A!K"!G SEC$OR. I -l&o ecl-re "-" "!& 7ro8ec" !c !& "e 7-r"!-l *l!ll+e$" o "e re;*!re+e$" or or "e e I$&* I$&*rr-$c $ce) e) o "e MUM#A" U!"4ERS"$/ !& "e re&*l" o +' o$ eor"& !" "e el7 o e?7er"&
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K. M. AGRAW AGRAWAL COLLEGE OF AR$S, AR$S, COMMERCE C OMMERCE & SC"E!CE SC" E!CE KAL/A! 0WES$2 9 - ;<. 0Affii)te' #( Uni=ersit( Of M%m)i2 M% m)i2
#AC7ELOR OF #A!K"!G & "!SURA!CE
CER$"F"CA$E
T!& !& "o cer"!' "-" Mr.PRA$"K S SAK7ALKAR , 6AT No@@@@@@@@ -& &-"!&-c"or!l' c-rr!e o*" "e 7ro8ec" or= o$ "e "o7!c FRAU A! SCAMS "! #A!K"!G SEC SE C$O $OR R> or "e Semester?4 of $./.#com 3#A!K"!G & "!SURA!CE5 , !$ "e Ac-e+!c Ye-r Ye-r <8?<@.
Princip)
Project G%i'e
Co%rse Co?coor'in)tor
Etern) E)miner
3
4
ACK!OWLEGEME!$ T!& Bro8ec" !& o$ FRAU A! SCAMS "! #A!K"!G SEC$OR !& - re&*l" o co.o7er-"!o$, -r or= -$
l!=e "o "-$=& "o +' 7-re$"& -$ o$ +' e" "o Mrs. r. A!"$A MA!!A 7r!$c!7-l o K. M. AGRAWAL COLLEGE OF AR$S, COMMERCE & SC"E!CE or
or+ o - 7ro8ec" or= I o*l -l&o l!=e "o "-$= re&7ec"e PROF. SU6EE$ S"!G7 "e co.or!$-"e or !& <*!-$ce -$ co$&"-$" e$co*r-
5
CER$"F"CA$E
I, PROF. SU6EE$ S"!G7 ere' cer"!' "-" Mr.PRA$"K S SAK7ALKAR &"*e$" o TYI, 6e-" No @@@@@@ -& co+7le"e 7ro8ec" o$ "o7!c FRAU A! SCAMS "! #A!K"!G SEC$OR !$ -c-e+!c 'e-r 2015.201/ Te
!$or+-"!o$ &*+!""e !& "r*e -$ or!
BLAC: . KALYAN DAT:.
6!<$-"*re o Bro8ec" G*!e
6
INDEX SR !O.
!AME OF $7E $OP"C
PREFACE ;
"ntro'%ction $o #)n* Fr)%' Liter)t%re Re=ie C)te1ories Of #)n* Fr)%'s An' Sc)ms
PAGE !O. 7 8-14 15-16 17-41
Fr)%'s one ( "nsi'er
Fr)%'s one ( O%tsi'er $(pes Of #)n* Fr)%'s An' Sc)ms Comp%ter epreci)tion Effects Of #)n*in1 Fr)%'s #)n* R%es Re1)r'in1 #)n* Fr)%'s Roe Of #)n*er in A #)n* Fr)%' Re1%)tions Of Reser=e #)n* Of "n'i)
<
F)ctors Of #)n*in1 Fr)%'s
8 @ D
42-50 51-53 54-56 57-58 59-60 61-62 63-72
"ntern) F)ctors
Etern) F)ctors C)ssic) Fr)%' Moti=)tion Mo'e Fr)%' etection "n Re) $ime For #)n*s Actions $)*en #( #)n*s
73-75 76-77 78-80
;.
Present !e Fr)%' Pre=ention C+)en1es
81-83
C)se St%'(
84-85
4isit Report Conc%sion
86
We iio1r)p+( Anne%re
88
87
89-90
7
PREFACE I" -& - 7le-&*r-le e?7er!e$ce or +e "o or= o$ "!& 7ro8ec" re7or" RA#D6 AND 6CA6 IN ANKING 6CTR IN INDIA I" -& $o" o$l' el7e +e "o e$-$ce +' =$ole 8o o77or"*$!"!e& or "e +-$-
O#6EC$"4ES •
To *$er&"-$ "e +e-$!$< o -$=!$< r-*& -$ &c-+&
•
To *$er&"-$ "e %-r!o*& "'7e& o -$=!$< r-*& -$ &c-+&
•
To -&cer"-!$ "e -c"or& !c e$co*r-
•
To *$er&"-$ "e c-"e
•
To e"er+!$e "e eec"& o -$=!$< r-*& -$ &c-+& o$ "e &oc!e"'
•
To &*<
•
RESEARC7 ME$7OOLOG/ Prim)r( )t): ' 7r!+-r' -"- co$&!&"& +-!$l' ro+ +' %!&!" "o "e "!"A! O4ERSEAS #A!K KAL/A! 02.
Secon')r( ')t): ' &eco$-r' -"- co$&!&"& o "e !$or+-"!o$ collec"e ro+ %-r!o*&, I$"er$e" &!"e&, $e&7-7er&
8
C7AP$ER !O? "!$ROUC$"O! $O FRAU
r-* c-$ e &ee$ -& "e !$"e$"!o$-l +!&re7re&e$"-"!o$, co$ce-l+e$", or o+!&&!o$ o "e "r*" or "e 7*r7o&e o ece7"!o$ or +-$!7*l-"!o$ "o "e !$-$c!-l e"r!+e$" o -$ !$!%!*-l or -$ or<-$!-"!o$ (&*c -& - -$=) !c -l&o !$cl*e& e+ele+e$", "e" or -$' -""e+7" "o &"e-l or *$l-*ll' o"-!$, +!&*&e or -r+ "e -&&e" o - -$= r-* -$ !"& +-$-
7l-$&, *7-"!$< ol +e"o& -$ "r'!$< o*" $e "ec$!;*e& o '7-&&!$< "e&e elec"ro$!c &'&"e+& +e-$" "o e$&*re !< &ec*r!"' o -$=!$< o7er-"!o$& Te !$"ro*c"!o$& o -*"o+-"e &'&"e+& "-" lo&e -$r!"!$< -$ !$
e7o&!"or!e& o "e 7*l!cE& +o$e"-r' &-%!$<&, "e $er%e ce$"re o "e 7-'+e$" &'&"e+, "e %e&&el e$oe !" "e -!l!"' o +o$e' cre-"!o$ -$ -lloc-"!o$ o !$-$c!-l re&o*rce& -$ co$*!" "ro*< !c +o$e"-r' -$ cre!" 7ol!c!e& -re !+7le+e$"e Te &*cce&& o +o$e"-r' 7ol!c', "o - l-r
10
MEA!"!G OF FRAU: Te
7ro !%er&!!c-"!o$ Te !$!c-"or& o
$-"!o$-l e-l", $-"!o$-l !$co+e e"c I$ "e
&c-+&,
r-*&
>
corr*7"!o$&
e"c
-&
7r-c"!ce& -& ee$ o&er%e e$"ere
!$
e%er'
&ec"or
r-**le$" 7r-c"!ce& -re l!=e &lo 7o!&o$!$< !c e&"ro' "e &'&"e+ o -!" , lo'-l"', > rel!-!l!"' co$!e$ce o "e 7eo7le > el7 "o 7rocee "o-r& *$er e%elo7e &oc!e"' r-* !& -$' !&o$e&" -c" -$ e-%!or ' !c o$e 7er&o$ <-!$& or !$"e$& "o <-!$ -%-$"-
11
EF"!"$"O! OF FRAU
•
Dece!", "r!c=er', &-r7 7r-c"!ce& or re-c o co$!e$ce , 7er7e"r-"e or 7ro!" or <-!$ &o+e *$-!r or !&o$e&" -%-$"-
•
Del!er-"e r-* co++!""e ' +-$-
–ll!o" -$ W!ll!$<-+,(190)
•
r-* !& - -l&e re7re&e$"-"!o$ or co$ce-l+e$" o +-"er!-l -c" "o 7er&*-e &o+eo$e "o 7-r" !" &o+e"!$< %-l*-le .L-*re$ce 6-'er (19)
•
r-* !$ rel-"!o$ "o --!r& o - co+7-$' or -$' o' cor7or-"e "o !$cl*e -$' -c", o+!&&!o$, co$ce-l+e$" o -$' -c"or -*&e o 7o&!"!o$ co++!""e ' -$' 7er&o$ or -$' o"er 7er&o$ !" "e co$$!%-$ce !$ -$' +-$$er, !" !$"e$ "o ece!%e, "o <-!$ *$*e -%-$"-
. 6ec"!o$ 44F o "e Co+7-$!e& Ac", 2013
MEA!"!G OF #A!K FRAU -$= r-* !& "e *&e o 7o"e$"!-ll' !lle<-l +e-$& "o o"-!$ +o$e', -&&e"&, or o"er 7ro7er"' o$e or el ' - !$-$c!-l !$&"!"*"!o$, or "o o"-!$ +o$e' ro+ e7o&!"or& ' r-**le$"l' 12
7o&!$< -& - -$= or o"er !$-$c!-l !$&"!"*"!o$ I$ +-$' !$&"-$ce&, -$= r-* !& - cr!+!$-l oe$ce W!le "e &7ec!!c ele+e$"& o 7-r"!c*l-r -$=!$< r-* l-& %-r' e"ee$ 8*r!&!c"!o$&, "e "er+ -$= r-* -77l!e& "o -c"!o$& "-" e+7lo' - &ce+e or -r"!!ce, -& o77o&e "o -$= roer' or "e" or "!& re-&o$, -$= r-* !& &o+e"!+e& co$&!ere - !"e.coll-r cr!+e -$=!$< r-*& co$&"!"*"e - co$&!er-le 7erce$"-
Te $*+er
o -$= r-*& !$ I$!- !& &*&"-$"!-l !" !$ !$cre-&!$< !" "e 7-&&-
%!c"!+ o "e "e+7"-"!o$& "er co$"r!*"or' -c"or& -re !$co+7e"e$ce, le"-r<', $e
-$= r-* +e-$& o"-!$!$< +o$e' or 7ro7er"' el ' -$= or c*&"o+er o "e -$= !$ orer "o +-=e +ore +o$e' 6o
Te or r-* -& ee$ e!$e !$ "e I$!-$ co$"r-c" -c" . I$ &or" r-* !& !&o$e&"' le-!$< "o lo&& "o &o+eo$e D!&o$e&"' !& $e%er -cc!e$"-l Tereore "ere !& -l-'& &!$ler e!$ e-c -$= r-* Te $*+er o -$= r-*& !$ !$!- !& &*&"-$"!-l I" !& !$cre-&!$< !" "e 7-&&-
C7AP$ER !O? L"$ERA$URE RE4"EW
15
I$ le<-l "er+&, r-* !& &ee$ -& "e -c" o e7r!%!$< - 7er&o$ *$er-$el' o &o+e"!$<, !c &*c - 7er&o$ o*l or +!<" e e$"!"le "o, *" or "e 7er7e"r-"!o$ o r-* I$ !"& le?!c-l +e-$!$<, r-* !& -$ -c" o "r!c=er' !c !& !$"e$"!o$-ll' 7r-c"!ce !$ orer "o <-!$ !lle
Tere !& - co++o$ -
le+e$"& o r-* 16
W
!
3
4
l
7
?
l
7
!
o
r
"
*
$
!
"
'
"
c-lle W or -$' r-* "o "-=e 7l-ce "ere +*&" e - W!ll, -$ 77or"*$!"' -$ ?!" (e&c-7e ro*"e) A r-* !ll o$l' co+e -o*" ! "e 7er7e"r-"or& -%e "e !ll "o co++!" "e r-*, ! "e occ-&!o$ "o co++!" "e r-* !& 7re&e$"e -$ ! "ere !& - -' o*" or e&c-7e +e-$& ro+ -77ro7r!-"e &-$c"!o$& or !$&"!"*"!o$& "-" -re -<-!$&" r-* or rel-"e -$or+-l e-%!or r-* !& -
C7AP$ER !O?; 17
CA$EGOR"ES OF #A!K"!G FRAUS C-"e
C - "e < o r !e & o ( 1-$=!$< 5r-*&
5r-*& Do$e , '
5r-*& D o$e ,' 3*"&!er&
18
r-*& o$e I$&!er&
RF r DWT ! e oF$a o d n r g ie r f t geiu n d l s o r aeo nf fuue r nr a u dfi dr deet u d l e dae nr TndL r o te aut if t t ad%a ono # u fd" r a ds i i et n t ud sns g
R o F g r a u d e u T l re a n d t i n L o g a n s W i r e f r aD u e d a n d d r a f t f r a u d T ! e f t o f i d e F n o t ir t g " e d o r f r a u d u l e n t d o # u e n t s $ n in s u r e d d e % o s it s
19
. Ro1%e $r)'in1: A ro<*e "r-er !& - !<l' 7l-ce !$&!er $o+!$-ll' -*"or!e "o !$%e&" &!e-le *$& o$ e-l o "e -$= "!& "r-er &ecre"l' +-=e& 7ro
Fr)%'%ent o)ns:
20
$e -' "o re+o%e +o$e' ro+ - -$= !& "o "-=e o*" - lo-$, - 7r-c"!ce -$=er& o*l e +ore "-$ !ll!$< "o e$co*r-
; Wire fr)%':
21
W!re "r-$&er $e"or=& &*c -& "e !$"er$-"!o$-l, !$"er-$= *$ "r-$&er &'&"e+ -re "e+7"!$< -& "-r
W!le &ec*r!"' +e-&*re& -%e cer"-!$l' !$cre-&e o%er "e 'e-r&, -$=& &"!ll -ll %!c"!+ "o !re r-*, co&"!$< "e+ +!ll!o$& o oll-r& or +ore e%er' 'e-r 6!$ce -$=& -re co$&"-$"l' !r!$< e?"re+el' l-r
Wire Fr)%' on t+e "nternet
22
Tere -re +-$' o"er or+& o !re r-* "-" +-' occ*r o$ "e !$"er$e" A e co++o$ o$e& -re:
•
Em)i P+is+in1: Te 7r-c"!ce o &e$!$< o*" -=e e+-!l& "-" loo= le
•
"'entit( $+eft: #&*-ll' 7er7e"r-"e ' 7eo7le o &e" *7 le
Fr)%'%ent #%siness S)es: T!& !& - co++o$ &c-+ "-r
%-l*e o "e e&!"e, &o+e"!+e& &c-++!$< %!c"!+& o*" o "o*&-$& o oll-r& W!re r-* $ Te Bo$e W!re r-* co++o$l' occ*r& o%er "e "ele7o$e -& ell A co$ -r"!&" !ll c-ll 'o*r o*&e, -$ "r' "o "-l= 'o* o*" o 7er&o$-l !$or+-"!o$ Co++o$ &c-+& !$%ol%e cr!+!$-l& 7o&!$< -& &-le&+e$, lo-$ o!cer&, -$ o"er *&!$e&& 7roe&&!o$-l& !$ orer "o collec" 7er&o$-l !$or+-"!o$ &*c -& cre!" c-r $*+er& or &oc!-l &ec*r!"' $*+er&
Me)s%res from protectin1 t+e Wire fr)%'s W!re r-* !& - %er' re-l "re-" !$ "e orl "o-' ' *&!$< - l!""le !" o co++o$ &e$&e, 'o* c-$ -%o! eco+!$< - %!c"!+ 'o*r&el Do$E"
-. em)n' 'r)ft fr)%':
DD r-* !& *&*-ll' o$e ' o$e or +ore !&o$e&" -$= e+7lo'ee& "-" !& "e *$=o -$=er Te' re+o%e e DD le-%e& or DD oo=& ro+ &"oc= -$ r!"e "e+ l!=e - re<*l-r DD 6!$ce "e' -re !$&!er&, "e' =$o "e co!$<, 7*$c!$< o - e+-$ r-" Te&e De+-$ r-"& !ll e !&&*e 7-'-le -" !&"-$" "o$c!"' !"o*" e!"!$< -$ -cco*$" Te$ !" !ll e c-&e -" "e 7-'-le r-$c or "e 7-'!$< r-$c !" !& 8*&" -$o"er DD T!& =!$ o r-* 24
!ll e !&co%ere o$l' e$ "e e- o!ce oe& "e r-$c.!&e reco$c!l!-"!o$, !c $or+-ll' !ll "-=e / +o$"& ' "-" "!+e "e +o$e' !& *$reco%er-le
8. $+eft of i'entit(:
D!&o$e&" -$= 7er&o$$el -%e ee$ =$o$ "o !&clo&e e7o&!"or&J 7er&o$-l !$or+-"!o$ or *&e !$ "e" o !e$"!"' r-*& Te 7er7e"r-"or& "e$ *&e "e !$or+-"!o$ "o o"-!$ !e$"!"' c-r& -$ cre!" c-r& *&!$< "e %!c"!+J& $-+e -$ 7er&o$-l !$or+-"!o$
25
"mp)ct of "'entit( Fr)%' Te
26
Te rel-"!o$ o !e$"!"' r-* !& e?7l-!$e "ro*< ollo!$< "e ollo!$< !-
@ For1e' or fr)%'%ent 'oc%ments:
27
or
D. Unins%re' 'eposits:
Tere -re - $*+er o c-&e& e-c 'e-r ere "e -$= !"&el "*r$& o*" "o e *$!$&*re *$!$&*re or $o" l!ce$&e "o o7er-"e -" -ll Te o8ec"!%e !& *&*-ll' "o &ol!c!" or e7o&!"& "o "!& *$!$&*re -$=, -l"o*< &o+e +-' -l&o &ell &"oc= re7re&e$"!$< o$er&!7 o "e -$= 6o+e"!+e& "e $-+e& -77e-r %er' o!c!-l or %er' &!+!l-r "o "o&e o le
28
*$!$&*re !$&"!"*"!o$& Te &"r*c"*re o *$!$&*re e7o&!"&
!&
29
1!l 1oo &D! t &o c o C& " r e e r Al e c n *C " $ 9 " e ! $ < 6Co "* 9o $ l "e D'5r; ** ! 7-e l* ! c - " ! o $ IC$; +-* 7re e& r & o $ 53e! $r (r <- * * l B"5K 9ro !"-$ &* 9A ! $$ Be)5 $r- "o-' * + F6u<$ =
e d
1 l D &co* $" $< 5 r-* 1 o o & "e r C 9 e ; * e & & t o le n ' ! e ( u e s C re !" C - r 5 r- * A c o * $ " $ < 5 r- * C 9e;*e K "$< 6" o l e $ B- ' + e $ " C - r & D * 7 l c - " o $ 3 r 6 = !+ + $ < 3 ( C - r I$ ( o r+ - " o $ I+ 7 e r &o $ - " o $ A $ T 9 e ( " 3 ( I e $ " "' 5 r- * * le $ " L o - $ A 7 c - " o $ B 9 !& 9 !$ < A $ I$ "e r$ e " 5 r - *
) one" Launder ng
ring
30
*F *' #o d)u L#' eo u+'o nn n$tu t n e 0ota e o r ledn e "o rtu # fnaT e r i D-o, f !%t# e rai# + i i n '%ru e r &ens f e eaen ldi )t#F u ger. r inae t ng reF i r t i soF ri r ire % s raor o u auF ul Fadn r /da t i i rau no ng aud ud d
F u * n d d *+ D a # n # i + o # e u e r n s F t i e o , e n % F e r a n u i n d g F r ) 'L o e o n t u e t en " rt eT o r r af f e n ' i s tr fe &e d er i t# F u r F a rr ia u t '' ol e a r % i nu gt e F r r F a r u a d u d $0 o n u o # - ! # e i r a )l . a o n r i r % o u / l a i n t i g o
ida e u s d u d n
31
. #i 'isco%ntin1 fr)%':
&&e$"!-ll' - co$!e$ce "r!c=, - r-*&"er *&e& - co+7-$' -" "e!r !&7o&-l "o <-!$ co$!e$ce !" - -$=, ' -77e-r!$< -& -
32
. For1er( )n' )tere' c+e%es:
T!e%e& -%e -l"ere ce;*e& "o c-$
33
;. #ooster c+e%es:
A oo&"er ce;*e !& - r-**le$" or - ce;*e *&e "o +-=e - 7-'+e$" "o - cre!" c-r -cco*$" !$ orer "o *&" o*" or r-!&e "e -+o*$" o -%-!l-le cre!" o$ o"er!&e.le
-. Stoen c+e%es:
6o+e r-*&"er& o"-!$ -cce&& "o -c!l!"!e& -$l!$< l-r
ce;*e&
8. Cre'it c)r' fr)%':
Cre!" c-r r-* !& !e&7re- -& - +e-$& o &"e-l!$< ro+ -$=&, +erc-$"& -$ cl!e$"& A cre!" c-r !& +-e o "ree 7l-&"!c &ee" o 7ol'%!$'l clor!e Te ce$"r-l &ee" o "e c-r !& =$o$ -& "e core &"oc= Te&e c-r& -re o - 7-r"!c*l-r &!e -$ +-$' -"- -re e+o&&e o%er !" *" cre!" c-r& r-* +-$!e&" !$ - $*+er o -'& Te' -re:
M Ge$*!$e c-r& -re +-$!7*l-"e M Ge$*!$e c-r& -re -l"ere M Co*$"ere!" c-r& -re cre-"e M r-**le$" "ele+-r=e"!$< !& o$e !" cre!" c-r& M Ge$*!$e c-r& -re o"-!$e o$ r-**le$" -77l!c-"!o$& !$ "e $-+e&-re&&e& o o"er 7er&o$& -$ *&e I" !& e-re "-" !" "e e?7-$&!o$ o .Co++erce, .Co++erce -$ I$"er$e" -c!l!"!e& e!$< -%-!l-le o$ +-&&!%e &c-le "e r-**le$" *$ re-=!$< %!- cre!" c-r& !ll !$cre-&e "re+e$o*&l'
35
@. Acco%ntin1 fr)%':
I$ orer "o !e &er!o*& !$-$c!-l 7role+&, &o+e *&!$e&&e& -%e ee$ =$o$ "o *&e r-**le$" oo==ee7!$< "o o%er&"-"e &-le& -$ !$co+e, !$l-"e "e or" o "e co+7-$'J& -&&e"& or &"-"e - 7ro!" e$ "e co+7-$' !& o7er-"!$< -" - lo&& Te&e "-+7ere recor& -re "e$ *&e "o &ee= !$%e&"+e$" !$ "e co+7-$'J& o$ or &ec*r!"' !&&*e& or "o +-=e r-**le$" lo-$ -77l!c-"!o$& !$ - !$-l -""e+7" "o o"-!$ +ore +o$e' "o el-' "e !$e%!"-le coll-7&e o -$ *$7ro!"-le or +!&+-$-
D. C+e%e *itin1: Ce;*e =!"!$< e?7lo!"& - &'&"e+ !$ !c, e$ - ce;*e !& e7o&!"e "o - -$= -cco*$", "e +o$e' !& +-e -%-!l-le !++e!-"el' e%e$ "o*< !" !& $o" re+o%e ro+ "e -cco*$" o$ !c "e ce;*e !& r-$ *$"!l "e ce;*e -c"*-ll' cle-r& De7o&!" 1000 !$ o$e -$=, r!"e ce;*e o$ "-" -+o*$" -$ e7o&!" !" "o 'o*r -cco*$" !$ -$o"er -$= 'o* $o -%e 2000 *$"!l "e ce;*e cle-r& I$."r-$&!" or $o$.e?!&"e$" c-& !& r!el' recore !$ +*l"!7le -cco*$"& A ce;*e !& c-&e -$, eore "e -$= rece!%e& -$' +o$e' ' cle-r!$< "e ce;*e, "e +o$e' !& e7o&!"e !$"o &o+e o"er -cco*$" or !"r-$ ' r!"!$< +ore ce;*e& I$ +-$' c-&e&, "e or!
. Stoen p)(ment c)r's:
"e$, "e !r&" !$!c-"!o$ "-" - %!c"!+J& -lle" -& ee$ &"ole$ !& - J7o$e c-ll ro+ - cre!" c-r !&&*er -&=!$< ! "e 7er&o$ -&
36
%pic)tion or s*immin1 of c)r' inform)tion:
T!& "-=e& - $*+er o or+&, r-$
<. "mperson)tion )n' t+eft of i'entit(:
Te" o !e$"!"' -& eco+e -$ !$cre-&!$< 7role+ "e &c-+ o7er-"e& ' o"-!$!$< !$or+-"!o$ -o*" - %!c"!+, "e$ *&!$< "e !$or+-"!o$ "o -77l' or !e$"!"' c-r&, -cco*$"& -$ cre!" !$ "-" 7er&o$J& $-+e "e$ l!""le +ore "-$ $-+e, 7-re$"&J $-+e, -"e -$ 7l-ce o !r" -re &*!c!e$" "o o"-!$ - !r" cer"!!c-"e e-c oc*+e$" o"-!$e "e$ !& *&e -& !e$"!!c-"!o$ !$ orer "o o"-!$ +ore !e$"!"' oc*+e$"& Go%er$+e$".!&&*e &"-$-r !e$"!!c-"!o$ $*+er& &*c -& 6oc!-l &ec*r!"' $*+er&, BAN $*+er& -re -l&o %-l*-le "o "e !e$"!"' "!e #$or"*$-"el' or "e -$=&, !e$"!"' "!e%e& -%e ee$ =$o$ "o "-=e o*" lo-$& -$ !&-77e-r !" "e c-&, ;*!"e co$"e$" "o &ee "e ro$< 7er&o$& l-+e e$ "e e"&
. Fr)%'%ent o)n )ppic)tions:
Te&e "-=e - $*+er o or+& %-r'!$< ro+ !$!%!*-l& *&!$< -l&e !$or+-"!o$ "o !e cre!" !&"or' !lle !" !$-$c!-l 7role+& -$ *$7-! lo-$& "o cor7or-"!o$& *&!$< -cco*$"!$< r-* "o o%er&"-"e 7ro!"& !$ orer "o +-=e - r!&=' lo-$ -77e-r "o e - &o*$ !$%e&"+e$" or "e -$= 6o+e cor7or-"!o$& -%e e$<-
37
lo- -& r*!$e e$"!re l-r
. P+is+in1 )n' "nternet fr)%':
B!&!$< o7er-"e& ' &e$!$< or
38
;. Mone( )%n'erin1:
Te "er+ +o$e' l-*$er!$< -"e& -c= "o "e -'& o Al C-7o$e o$e' l-*$er!$< -& &!$ce ee$ *&e "o e&cr!e -$' &ce+e ' !c "e "r*e or!
-. For1e' c%rrenc( notes
B-7er c*rre$c' !& "e *&*-l +oe o e?c-$
39
ol o &*c or
8. A'=)nce Fee Fr)%' T!& +-' !$%ol%e -$ -
@. F%n' i=ersion I$ "!& c-&e, -$= &"- &o+e"!+e& !%er"& c*&"o+er&E e7o&!"& -$ lo-$ re7-'+e$" or 7er&o$-l *&e A$o"er c-&e o "!& !& "e "-77!$< o *$& ro+ !$"ere&" !$ &*&7e$&e -cco*$"& !$ -$=&
40
D. Acco%nt Openin1 Fr)%' T!& !$%ol%e& "e e7o&!" -$ &*&e;*e$" c-&!$< o r-**le$" ce;*e& I" *&*-ll' &"-r"& e$ - 7er&o$ $o" =$o$ "o "e -$= -&=& "o o7e$ - "r-$&-c"!o$ -cco*$" &*c -& c*rre$" -$ &-%!$<& -cco*$" !" -l&e !e$"!!c-"!o$ *" *$=$o$ "o "e -$=
. Co%nterfeit Sec%rities Co*$"ere!"!$< o co++erc!-l !$-$c!-l !$&"r*+e$"& !& o$e o "e ole&" or+& o cr!+e oer$ 7o"o
. Mone( $r)nsfer Fr)%'
o$e' "r-$&er &er%!ce& -re +e-$& o +o%!$< "o or ro+ - -$= "o e$e!c!-r' -cco*$" -" -$' -$= 7o!$" orl!e !$ -ccor-$ce !" "e !$&"r*c"!o$& ro+ "e -$=&E c*&"o+er& 6o+e co++o$ +e-$& o +o$e' "r-$&er -re +-!l, "ele7o$e, o%er."e.co*$"er, elec"ro$!c 7roce&& -$ "ele? r-**le$" +o$e' "r-$&er +-' re&*l" ro+ - re;*e&" cre-"e &olel' or "e 7*r7o&e o co++!""!$< - r-* or -l"ere ' c-$
<. Letter of Cre'it Fr)%'
T!&
41
. Comp%ter Fr)%'
Co+7*"er r-*& !$%ol%e& "e ece7"!%e +-$!7*l-"!o$ o "e -$=&E co+7*"er, e!"er -" "e -"- collec"!o$ &"-
. Ce)rin1 Fr)%' o&" cle-r!$< r-*& !$
;. Unoffici) #orroin1
T!& occ*r& e$ -$= e+7lo'ee& orro ro+ "e %-*l"& -$ "eller "!ll& o "e recor 6*c *$-*"or!e orro!$<& -re o$e !$ e?c-$
"-=e$ !$ "e !r&" 7l-ce 6*c - 7r-c"!ce e$ o$e rec*rre$"l' -$ !" $o o!c!-l recor&, &oo$ %er' e-&!l' eco+e& 7ro$e "o +-$!7*l-"!o$&, ere' "e' re&or" "o o"er +e-$& o -l-$c!$< "e c-& !$ "e -$=E& %-*l" !"o*" e%er -%!$< "o re7l-ce "e &*+& o +o$e' collec"e
-. 4o%c+er M)nip%)tion
-$!7*l-"!o$ o Oo*cer& !$%ol%e& "e re7l-ce+e$" or -l"er-"!o$ o e$"r!e& o o$e -cco*$" "o -$o"er -cco*$" e!$< *&e "o co++!" "e r-* T!& -cco*$" o*l o%!o*&l' e -r!c-"e -cco*$" !$"o !c "e *$& o *$&*&7ec"!$< cl!e$"& o "e -$=& -re "r-$&erre Te -+o*$"& "-=e$ -re *&*-ll' !$ &+-ll -+o*$"& &o "-" !" !ll $o" e-&!l' e $o"!ce ' "o7 +-$-
43
C7AP$ER !O?$/PES OF #A!K"!G FRAUS
T'7e& o -$=!$< r-*&
44
T"%e of .an1ing Frauds
5!c"!"!o*& e$"r!e& +-e !$ ,oo= +-$!7*l-"!o$ o( recor
B*rc9-&e 1!ll 5r-*&
Cre!" De,!" C-r 5r-*&
AT) 5r-*&
H'7o"9ec-"!o$ 5r-*&
C9e;*e 5r-*&
Ie$"!"' 5r-*&
De7o&!" Acco*$" 5r-*&
Lo-$ 5r-*&
A& - c*&"o+er 'o* +-' e &ee$ -& - 7o"e$"!-l "-r
cr!+e !& =$o$ -& P&=!++!$
Protect (o%r cre'it H 'eit c)r':
e+or!e& 'o*r 7er&o$-l !e$"!!c-"!o$ $*+er (BIN) Do$J" *&e "e &-+e BIN or -ll 'o*r c-r&, -$ o$J" coo&e 'o*r !r" -"e or o"er e-&!l' !e$"!!-le $*+er& "-" +!<" e o$ &o+e"!$< el&e !$ 'o*r -lle" Cec= &"-"e+e$"& -$ c-ll 'o*r cre!" c-r !&&*er !++e!-"el' ! 'o* &ee -$'"!$< &*&7!c!o*& o$ 'o*r !ll Yo* co*l el7 "e co+7-$' *$co%er r-*Q-$ &-%e 'o*r&el ro+ 7-'!$< *$-*"or!e c-r
. C+e%e Fr)%':
Ce;*e r-* !& "e *&e o - ce;*e "o
-l"er!$< "e ce;*e (7-'ee-+o*$") !"o*" -*"or!"' "e" o le
7o to protect (o%rsef from c+e%e fr)%':
1 Reco$c!le 'o*r -cco*$"& 7ro+7"l' -$ re<*l-rl' 2 Ne%er &!<$ l-$= ce;*e&, ce;*e&, -$ o$l' &!<$ ce;*e& -"er -ll e"-!l& -%e ee$ co+7le"e co+7le"e 3 L!+!" "e $*+er o o &!<$-"*re& "o 'o*r -cco*$" "o e$&*re co$"rol 46
4 $&*re "-" 'o*r &!<$-"*re !& $o" !" oc*+e$"& "-" c-$ e -cce&&e ' "e
;. A$M FRAU
H-& 'o*r AT AT
C)r' s*immin1 :
C-r &=!++!$< !& "e !lle<-l co7'!$< o - c-rJ& +-<$e"!c &"r!7 "-" c-$ l-"er e *&e "o -cce cce&&
'o*r o*r
-cco* co*$"
-$
+-=e -=e
*$-*"or!e e
7*rc rc-&e -&e&
*&!$ &!$<
"o&e
e"-!l& !l&
I$ "e c-&e o AT&, AT&, "!& "'7!c-ll' "'7!c-ll' occ*r& e$ "e o*l.e o*l.e "!e 7l-ce& - e%!ce o%er "e c-r e$"r' 7o!$" "-" &c-$& "e c-r& -& "e' e$"er -$ e?!" "e AT, co+!$e !" - !e$
47
c-+er- "o recor 'o* !le 'o* e$"er 'o*r BIN Te &c-$$!$< e%!ce -$ c-+er- c-$ e cle%erl' !&<*!&e &o "-" 'o* o$J" e%e$ $o"!ce "e AT -& ee$ +o!!e
W+)t e )re 'oin1 To el7 7re%e$" c-r &=!++!$<, +ore AN AT& -%e ee$ !""e !" &=!++!$< 7re%e$"!o$ &o"-re "-" J&-=e&J "e c-r -& !" e$"er& -$ e?!"& "e AT Te &-=!$< !$"err*7"& "e &c-$$!$< 7roce&& -$ re$er& -$' &=!++!$< -""e+7" !$eec"!%e All AN AT& -cro&& A*&"r-l!- -%e &=!++!$< 7re%e$"!o$ &o"-re Yo* !ll $o"!ce o$ o*r $eer AT& "ere !& e!"er -
"-"
c*&"o+er
!$or+-"!o$
-$
c-&
-re
&ec*re
-"
-ll
"!+e&.
Alo$< !" "e &=!++!$< 7re%e$"!o$ &o"-re, AN AT& !$cl*e "e *&e o !$=. &"-!$!$< "ec$olo<' "o e"er "e"
4.
"'entit( Fr)%'
Ie$"!"' r-* c-$ occ*r !$ +-$' -'&Qro+ &o+eo' *&!$< 'o*r cre!" c-r e"-!l& !lle<-ll' "o +-=e 7*rc-&e& "o -%!$< 'o*r e$"!re !e$"!"' -&&*+e ' -$o"er 7er&o$ "o o7e$ -$= -cco*$"&, "-=e o*" lo-$& -$ co$*c" !lle<-l *&!$e&& *$er 'o*r $-+e
Ho "o 7ro"ec" 'o*r&el ro+ !e$"!"' "e": •
•
Ne%er &e$ +o$e' or
•
Ne%er rel' o$ - $*+er 7ro%!e !$ -$ e+-!l or cl!c= o$ "e 7ro%!e l!$=Q!$&"e- !$ "e co$"-c" $*+er "ro*< -$ !$"er$e" &e-rc or cec= "e -c= o 'o*r AT c-r
•
Re<*l-rl' cec= 'o*r cre!" c-r -$or -$= &"-"e+e$"& "o e$&*re "-" &*&7!c!o*& "r-$&-c"!o$& -re e"ec"e
48
•
6re -ll oc*+e$"& co$"-!$!$< 7er&o$-l !$or+-"!o$, &*c -& cre!" c-r -77l!c-"!o$& -$ -$= &"-"e+e$"&
•
Lo< !rec"l' o$"o e&!"e& 'o* -re !$"ere&"e !$ r-"er "-$ cl!c=!$< o$ l!$=& 7ro%!e !$ -$ e+-!l
•
Al-'&
•
Loc= 'o*r le""ero? &ec*rel' "o -%o! 'o*r +-!l e!$< &"ole$
•
$&*re 'o* coo&e 7-&&or& "-" -re $o" e-&' or &o+eo$e "o <*e&&, &*c -& 'o*r -"e o !r", 7e"E& $-+e e"c
Si1ns of i'entit( fr)%'
Te&e c-$ %-r', *" &o+e "'7!c-l &!<$& "-" 'o*r !e$"!"' !& e!$< *&e *$l-*ll' -re: •
A !$-$c!-l !$&"!"*"!o$ !$or+& 'o* "e' -%e rece!%e -$ -77l!c-"!o$ or cre!" "-" 'o* -%e $o" -77l!e or
•
Yo* rece!%e 7o$e c-ll& or le""er& -%!&!$< "-" 'o* -%e ee$ e$!e cre!" "-" 'o* -%e $o" -77l!e or
•
Yo* rece!%e -$=, +o!le 7o$e or cre!" c-r &"-"e+e$"& or $o"!ce& !$ 'o*r $-+e, o !c 'o* -%e $o =$ole
•
Yo* $o"!ce "-" 'o* $o lo$
W+)t c)n (o%I Yo* &o*l -l&o -%!&e -$' o"er !$-$c!-l !$&"!"*"!o$ "-" 'o* -$= !" &o "e' -re --re o "e &!"*-"!o$ A$' !$&"-$ce o !e$"!"' r-* &o*l -l&o e !++e!-"el' re7or"e "o 'o*r loc-l 7ol!ce I" !& -l&o -
49
A%-$"-
8. eposit Acco%nt Fr)%'s : A Acco*$"& o7e$e !"o*" !$"ro*c"!o$ or !" !+7ro7er !$"ro*c"!o$, r-*& *$er "!& e- -re
4 Te -$=er +-$!7*l-"e& "e e7o&!"orE B-&& oo= @. P%rc+)se' #i Fr)%'s: "e r-*& !$ "!& -re- -re o"e$ co&"l' Te' c-$ "-=e "e ollo!$< or+&: 1 o<*& or &"ole$ r-!l-' rece!7"& -$ +o"or "r-$&7or" rece!7"& -cco+7-$!e ' co*$"ere!" !ll& -re !&co*$"e 2 -=e !ll& !" !$l-"e %-l*e, r-$ o$ &!&"er co$cer$&, or !&co*$"& 3 Ge$*!$e !ll& -$ r-!l-' -re 7re&e$"e -$
50
D. 7(pot+ec)tion Fr)%'s: C-& -%-$ce&, -<-!$&" 7le
. Lo)n Fr)%': Te
. Fictitio%s entries m)'e in oo*H m)nip%)tion of recor':
51
Te&e r-*& $or+-ll' "-=e 7l-ce !" "e -c"!%e !$%ol%e+e$" o &"- or ere "e oo=&
are exposed to the members of public. In such cases, subsequently the record is destroyed. ".
C)s+ s+ort)1es:
C-& "e +o&" &e$&!"!%e -&&e" o "e -$= !& 7ro$e "o r-* Te &or"-
".
Fr)%'s in #orroer Acco%nts:
1 A%-$ce -<-!$&" cle-$oc*+e$"-r' !ll& 7*rc-&e!&co*$"e Te orroer co++!""e r-*&
' "e$er!$<
-=e
!ll&-cco++o-"!o$ !ll&ce;*e& or
!&co*$"!$< L-"er e$ "e !ll&ce;*e& -re rece!%e *$7-!, "e -$=& !$ !" !!c*l" "o reco%er "e -+o*$" 2 A%-$ce *$er &o+e 7r!or!"' &ec"or &ce+e& 3 A%-$ce
!&&.*&e
o
!&cre"!o$-r'
7oer&
or
e?cee!$<
!&cre"!o$-r'
7oer&
'
-$-
"".
Fr)%'s in "n=estment Portfoios:
I$%e&"+e$" 7or"ol!o !c co$&"!"*"e& - !< c*$= o "e "o"-l -&&e"& o - -$= !& -$o"er r-* 7ro$e -re- Te e-ler !$ &ec*r!"!e& !$ "e -&e$ce o 7ro7er 7ol!c', !rec"!o$ -$ -e;*-"e &'&"e+ o cec=& -$ -l-$ce& +-' +!&*&e "e 7o&!"!o$ or !& 7er&o$-l <-!$& "o
52
"e e"r!+e$" o -$=-UV& !$"ere&" ' 7*""!$< "ro*< e-l& or 7-&&!$< o$ *&!$e&& "o "e ro=er& !c -re o"er!&e $o" -rr-$"e ' *&!$e&& co$&!er-"!o$& III.
Fr)%'s in Forei1n Ec+)n1e Are)s:
1 r-*& !$ "!& -re- -re 7er7e"r-"e !$ "e e-l!$< roo+ o7er-"!o$&, oc*+e$"-r' cre!"&, e?7or".!+7or" "r-$&-c"!o$&, 7-c=!$< cre!" e"c
2 6o+e o "e e-ler& -%e ee$ 7*" "ro*< !c"!"!o*& e-l& !" "e el7 o ro=er& *e "o l-c= o -c=.*7 *$c"!o$&
"4.
Fr)%'s in comp%teriJe' en=ironment: H-r-re error& !&-le "e or=!$< o -$' o "e co+7o$e$" o -r-re !" - %!e "o cre-"!$<"e+7or-r'7er+-$e$" +-l*$c"!o$ "o e!"er e&"ro' "e -"- or 7re&e$" !"& !&clo&*re or &ec*r!"' Bre<-+e error& -re cre-"e ' +!&cre-$"& "o cr!77le "e &'&"e+ or "o &!7o$e o "e *$& "o *$-*"or!e -cco*$"& or "o 7re%e$"re*ce c-r
4". Fr)%'s in inter r)nc+ )n' inter )n* )cco%nts:
1 De!"!$< -$= -cco*$"& !"o*" re+!""!$< c-& 2 De!"!$< r-$c -8*&"!$< -cco*$" !"o*" re+!""!$< c-& 3 A8*&"!$< r-$c oo=&.cle-$ c-& 4 r-**le$"l' e!"!$<cre!"!$< He- o!ce -cco*$" 5 De!"!$<Cre!"!$< %-r!o*& e7o&!" -cco*$"& !"o*" -*"or!"'
53
C7AP$ER !O?8 COMPU$ER EPREA$"O!S Comp%ter 'epre')tions +)=e ( some een c)ssifie' )s Co+7*"er r-*& -re "o&e !$%ol%e e+ele+e$" or e-lc-"!o$& -c!e%e ' "-+7er!$< !" co+7*"er -"- recor or 7ro
Ber&o$-l %e$e""54
l-c= +-!l
"t is 'iffic%t to in=esti1)te for t+e fooin1 re)sons:
55
3 T
a e
l
s r
-
e
#
!
4 ' i
i
i
ro
& e
#
e
n
e '
r
i
e
. 7i?tec+ crime : Te !$or+-"!o$ "ec$olo<' !& c-$
"ntern)tion) crime:
A co+7*"er cr!+e +-' e co++!""e !$ o$e co*$"r' -$ "e re&*l" c-$ e !$ -$o"er co*$"r' "ere -& ee$ lo" o 8*r!&!c"!o$-l 7role+ -$ "o*< "e I$"er7ol oe& el7 *" !" "oo -& cer"-!$ l!+!"-"!o$& "e !ere$" "re-"!e& -$ co$%e$"!o$& -%e cre-"e o&"r*c"!o$& !$ rel-"!o$ "o "r-c=!$< o c'er cr!+!$-l& !!$< or o7er-"!o$ !$ o"er $-"!o$&
56
;. !o?scene crime:
Te co+7*"er &-"ell!"e co+7*"er l!$= c-$ e 7l-ce or loc-"e -$'ere Te *&*-l cr!+e &ce$e !& "e c'er &7-ce Te "er+!$-l +-' e -$'ere -$ "e cr!+!$-l $ee $o" !$!c-"e "e 7l-ce "e o$l' e%!e$ce - cr!+!$-l le-%e& e!$ !& "e lo&& "o "e cr!+e
-. F)ceess crime:
Te +-8or -%-$"-
C7AP$ER !O?@ EFFEC$S OF #A!K FRAUS O! #A!KS
57
CT6 RA#D6 N ANK6
. Loss of P%ic Confi'ence in #)n*s
58
r-* !& 7er-7& "e +o&" -"-l o -ll "e r!&=& co$ro$"!$< -$=& Te e$or+!"' o -$= r-*& !$ G-$- c-$ e !$erre ro+ !"& %-l*e, %ol*+e -$ -c"*-l lo&& A
. Loss of Mone(
r-* le-& "o lo&& o +o$e', !c elo$< "o e!"er "e -$= or c*&"o+er& 6*c lo&&e& +-' e -&ore ' "e 7ro!"& or "e -ec"e "r-!$< 7er!o -$ "!& co$&e;*e$"l' re*ce& "e -+o*$" o 7ro!", !c o*l -%e ee$ -%-!l-le or !&"r!*"!o$ "o &-reoler& Lo&&e& ro+ r-* !c -re -&ore "o e;*!"' c-7!"-l o "e -$= !+7-!r& "e -$=E& !$-$c!-l e-l" -$ co$&"r-!$"& !"& -!l!"' "o e?"e$ lo-$& -$ -%-$ce& or 7ro!"-le o7er-"!o$& I$ e?"re+e c-&e& r-+7-$" -$ l-r
;. "ncre)se' Oper)tin1 Cost
r-* c-$ !$cre-&e "e o7er-"!$< co&" o - -$= ec-*&e o "e -e co&" o !$&"-ll!$< "e $ece&&-r' +-c!$er' or !"& 7re%e$"!o$, e"ec"!o$ -$ 7ro"ec"!o$ o -&&e"& oreo%er, e%o"!$< %-l*-le "!+e "o &-e<*-r!$< !"& -&&e" ro+ r-**le$" +e$ !&"r-c"& +-$-
-. Lo Asset %)it(
I" -l&o le-& "o - !+!$!&!$< eec" o$ "e -&&e" ;*-l!"' o -$=& Te 7role+ !& +ore -$
59
8. Re'%ce' t+e )mo%nt of profit
-$=!$< r-*& re*ce "e 7ro!" o -$=& ec-*&e o "e r-*& "ere !& ecre-&e !$ "e 7ro!" o "e -$=& I "ere !& $o r-*& !$ -$=& &o -$= !& -le "o
@. Un)tten'e'
Tere -re !$&"-$ce& o r-* "-" -%er&el' !+7-c" -$=& o$ - re<*l-r -&!& -$
D. Cre'it)iit( r-* e%e$"& r-!&e ;*e&"!o$& -ro*$ "e cre!!l!"' o "e r-* e"erre$" 7roce&&e& -$ "e "ec$olo
C7AP$ER !O?D 60
#A!K RULES REGAR"!G #A!K"!G FRAUS A! SCAMS
A"er rece!%!$< Xero? 7-7er& (!c ere -c"*-ll' or
C7AP$ER !O? ROLE OF #A!KERS "! A #A!K FRAU 62
-$= r-*& cro7 *7 !$ -ll &7ere& o -$=!$< e-l!$<, l!=e: Ce;*e r-*&, De7o&!" -cco*$" r-*&, B*rc-&e !ll r-*&, H'7o"ec-"!o$ r-*&, Lo-$ r-*& e"c A !&o$e&" -$=er c-$ 7l-' -%oc !" "e -$=& +o$e' Te -$= -& "ereore "o &e$"!$el !"&el -$ !"& c*&"o+er -<-!$&" "e ece!"*l e+7lo'ee Te %!c!$!"' o *&!$e&& o "e -$=er !& e?"e$&!%e Te ollo!$< o7er-"!o$-l -%e$*e& -%e ee$ $o"!ce "!+e -$ -<-!$ -$!7*l-"!o$ o c-& ' "o&e -$l!$< c-&, +!&-77ro7r!-"!o$ o c*&"o+er e7o&!" -cco*$"&, +!&-77ro7r!-"!o$ o +o$e' !$ "ele
63
5 !&*"!l!&-"!o$o%er&"e77!$< o le$!$<!&cre"!o$-r' 7oer&, $o$.o&er%-$ce o 7re&cr!e $or+& 7roce*re& !$ cre!" !&7e$&-"!o$ e"c / 7e$!$<I&&*e o Le""er& o Cre!", -$=& G*-r-$"ee& Co.-cce7"-$ce o !ll& !"o*" 7ro7er -*"or!"' -$ co$&!er-"!o$
C7AP$ER !O? REGULA$"O!S RESER4E #A!K OF "!"A 0R#"2 64
Re&er%e -$= o I$!- (RI) r*le& "o 7re%e$" -$= r-*&
Te Re&er%e -$= o I$!- (RI) -& r-$ *7 $e r*le& or -$=& -!+e -" 7re%e$"!$< r-* -$ !rre<*l-r!"!e& !c !&
Te re<*l-"or -& -&=e -$=& "o !++e!-"el' r-+e &"- ro"-"!o$ -$ +-$-"or' le-%e 7ol!c!e& or e+7lo'ee& !$ &e$&!"!%e -re-& &*c -& "re-&*r' -$ or rel-"!o$&!7
+-$-
ec!&!o$& -$ *&!$e&&e& -$le ' - 7-r"!c*l-r e+7lo'ee Re&er%e -$= o I$!- -& !$"ro*ce "e r*le& ollo!$< ore$&!c &"*!e& -" cer"-!$ -$=& *e "o "e occ*rre$ce o l-r
r-*& -" &*c -$=& I$ -$o"er $o"!!c-"!o$, RI !rec"e 7r!%-"e -$ ore!<$ -$=& "o -77o!$" c!e o !$"er$-l %!
%!
c-$ e -re&&e *$!or+l' ' "e -$=& or "!+el' -$ -77ro7r!-"e -c"!o$ -$=& $ee "o !+7le+e$" -$ !$"er$-l %!
65
RIE& !rec"!%e o$ &"- ro"-"!o$ -$ +-$-"or' le-%e co+e& - e +o$"& -"er +*l"! crore& r-* !$%ol%!$< - rel-"!o$&!7 +-$-
I$!- c-+e "o l!<" To 7re%e$" r-*&, -$=& &o*l -%e 7re&cr!e 7roce*re& -$ cr!"er!- "o -$-l'e -$ -&&e&& !rre<*l-r!"!e&, RI &-! -$=& &o*l e -le "o *$er&"-$ "e $-"*re o -$ !rre<*l-r!"' or r-* or !$&"-$ce, e"er !" -& "-=e$ 7l-ce ec-*&e o $e
!$ *"' -& - re&*l" ocoll*&!o$ ' e+7lo'ee& A$' -c"!o$ "-=e$ !$ coll*&!o$ "o er!%e *$*e*$8*&" e$e!" or -%-$"-
"er+e -& r-*, RI &-! I" -& -&=e -$=& "o e?-+!$e "e !$"e$" "o er-*, !rre&7ec"!%e o e"er or $o"
-c"*-l lo&& "-=e& 7l-ce I -$ !rre<*l-r!"' !& e"ec"e, -$=& &o*l !++e!-"el' -&&e&& ! !" -& - re&*l" o
*+-$ or &'&"e+ -!l*re T!& e?erc!&e !& "e !r&" cr!"!c-l &"e7 "o-r& correc"!%e -c"!o$ !$ "e &e$&e "-" !" o*l le- "o e?7e!"!o*& !l!$< o 7ol!ce co+7l-!$"&, loc=!$<ree!$< o -cco*$"&
-$ &-l%-
%-l*e c*&"o+er& -$ e-& o &7ec!-l!e r-$ce& RI -& -lloe -$=& - ree -$ !$ -77o!$"!$< CIO&, *" -& !?e "e !$!"!-l "e$*re -" - +-?!+*+ o &!? 'e-r&
C7AP$ER !O?< FAC$ORS OF FRAUS
66
I4 X6 T 4T R# 3TN ALN 5A AL C5 TA 3C RT 3
N I
I
INTRNAL ACTR6
67
68
69
Te !$&"!"*"!o$-l -c"or& or c-*&e& -re "o&e "-" c-$ e "r-ce "o "e !$.o*&e e$%!ro$+e$" o -$ -$=& Te' -re "o -
!"!$ "e co$"rol o "e +-$-
-8or !$&"!"*"!o$-l c-*&eE& r-* c-$ e c-"e
. Poor M)n)1ement
T!& co+e& !$ - or+ o !$-e;*-"e &*7er%!&!o$ A 8*$!or &"- !" r-**le$" "e$e$c!e& "-" !& $o" -e;*-"el' &*7er%!&e o*l
. "neperience' Personne
I$e?7er!e$ce 7er&o$$el -re &*&ce7"!le "o co++!""!$< *$!$"e$"!o$-l r-* ' -ll!$< or $*+ero*& "r!c=& o r-*&"er& I$e?7er!e$ce 7er&o$$el -re *$l!=el' "o $o"!ce -$' r-* -""e+7"& -$ "-=e $ece&&-r' 7rec-*"!o$-r' +e-&*re& "o cec=+-"e "e r-*&"er or &e" "e e"ec"!o$ 7roce&& !$ +o"!o$
;. O=erstretc+in1
%er&"re"c!$< !& -$o"er relec"!o$ o 7oor +-$-
-. 6o Rot)tion
r!$-r!l', "e lo$
70
8. Poor Rem%ner)tion
Boor &-l-r!e& -$ 7oor co$!"!o$& o &er%!ce c-$ -l&o c-*&e -$ e$co*r-
@. Fr%str)tion
r*&"r-"!o$ co*l -l&o le- "o r-* Were - &"- eel& &or".c-$
D. "n)'e%)te $r)inin1 )n' Re?$r)inin1
L-c= o -e;*-"e "r-!$!$< -$ re"r-!$!$< o *+-$ re&o*rce& o" o$ "e 7r-c"!c-l -$ "eore"!c-l -&7ec"& o -$=!$< -c"!%!"!e& -$ o7er-"!o$& +ore o"e$ "-$ $o" le-& "o 7oor 7eror+-$ce 6*c !$e!c!e$" 7eror+-$ce cre-"e& - loo7ole !c c-$ %er' e-&!l' e e?7lo!"e ' r-*&"er&
71
. Poor #oo*?*eepin1
I$-!l!"' "o +-!$"-!$ -77ro7r!-"e oo=& o -cco*$"& "o
I$-e;*-"e co+7e$&-"!o$, &-l-r!e& -$ r!$
&"- Re*&-l "o co+7l' !" l-!.o$ 7roce*re& !"o*" -$' 7e$-l"' or &-$c"!o$ Co$&7!r-c' e"ee$ !$"er-c"!$< -
. We)* Acco%ntin1 Te e-= -cco*$"!$< !& o$e o "e !+7or"-$" !$"er$-l -c"or !c c-*&e& "o "e -$=!$< r-*& -$ &c-+&
. E$ER!AL FAC$ORS 72
$%!ro$+e$"-l -c"or& -re "o&e "-" c-$ e "r-ce "o "e -$=& !++e!-"e -$ re+o"e e$%!ro$+e$" I "e ole &oc!e"' o !c "e -$= !& - 7-r" !& +or-ll' -$=r*7" !" !ll e !!c*l" ! $o" !+7o&&!le "o e?7ec" "e -$=& "o e !$&*l-"e ro+ "e eec"& o &*c +or-l -$=r*7"c' Te -$=!$< !$*&"r' !& $o" !++*$e ro+ "e
TR*L F*'T,R& 73
74
. So )n' $ort%o%s Le1) Process
I$ -$=& "ere !& - &lo le<-l 7roce&& !c !& o$e o "e re-&o$& or occ*rr!$< "e r-*& I !$ e%er' -$= "ere !& - &"ro$< +e-&*re& -$ -&" le<-l 7roce&& "o e-l !" "e r-*& "e$ c-$ce& o !ll e le&& or +!$!+!e 6o e%er' -$= "ere &o*l e &"ro$< 7roce*re& "o -$l!$< "!& "'7e o -=!$< r-*&
. Po=ert(
Te re-&o$ or -$=!$< r-*& !& 7o%er"' I$ I$!- "ere !& &o +*c 7o%er"' &o "-" 7eo7le -re +-=e& "e r-*& or re+o%!$< "ere 7o%er"' ec-*&e &o+e 7eo7le& -$"& "e -ll "'7e o -c!l!"!e& !$ "e!r l!e -$ -$"& "o !+7ro%e "e!r &"-$-r o l!%!$< 6o "e' &"-r"e "e !lle<-l -c"!%!"!e& or e-r$!$< +o$e' 6o 7o%er"' !& -l&o le-& "o -$=!$< r-*&
;. Wi'enin1 G)p eteen t+e Ric+ )n' t+e Poor I$ I$!- "ere !& &o +*c <-7 e"ee$ "e r!c -$ 7oor 7eo7le ec-*&e o +o$e' &o+e 7eo7le& -re e-%!$< !ere$" I$ +o&" o &ec"or& "ere !& - 7-r"!-l!"' e"ee$ "e r!c -$ 7oor 7eo7le& 6o "!& <-7 !& !$cre-&!$< ' -' –"o-' -$ "!& le-& "o "e -$=!$< r-*& -$ &c-+&
-. 6o "nsec%rit(: No--'& 8o !$&ec*r!"' !& o$e o "e &er!o*& 7role+& "-" le-& "o -$=!$< r-*& Ber+-$e$" 8o& -re %er' le&& 6o or l!%!$< "e +o$e' !& &o +*c !+7or"-$" Te $ee& -$ -$"& o "e 7eo7le -re !$cre-&!$< &o +o$e' !& eco+e $ece&&-r' "o &-"!&!e "-" $ee& -$ -$"& ec-*&e o "e 8o !$&ec*r!"' &o+e 7eo7le& -$" "o re&er%e +o$e' "-" !$ *"*re "e' c-$ *&e 6o or &-"!&'!$< "e *"*re $ee& -$ -$"& e !& *$er"-=e "e -=!$< r-*&
8. Peer Gro%p Press%re:
75
Te -$o"er re-&o$ or -77e$!$< "e r-*& !& "-" "ere !& 7eer
@. "ncre)se' fin)nci) %r'en on "n'i=i'%)s: Tere !& &o +*c !$-$c!-l *re$ o$ e-c -$ e%er' !$!%!*-l &o ec-*&e o "-" !$-$c!-l *re$ 7eo7le -re &"-"e "o e-r$!$< ro+ o!$< "e -$= r-*&
D. L)c* of Proper $r)inin1
Tere !& l-c= o 7ro7erl' "r-!$e -$ e?7er!e$ce 7er&o$ Tere !& - &*e$ -$ "re+e$o*& !$cre-&e !$ -$=!$< *&!$e&& Te &*e$ e?7-$&!%e e?7lo&!o$ -& cre-"e - %-c**+ o 7er&o$$el Ne recr*!"& o"e$ o $o" -%e -e;*-"e "r-!$!$< or e?7er!e$ce eore "e' -re 7*" !$ re&7o$&!le 7o&!"!o$& Te !$!$<& re%e-l "-" /FF\ o re&7o$e$"& -%e $o" *$er
. L)c* of S%fficient St)ff
oreo%er -$= &"- eel& o%er*re$e Te l!e -& eco+e "oo -&" Te -$=er oe& $o" -%e e$o*< "!+e "o &cr*"!$!e oc*+e$"& "oro*<l' Ao*" "o "!r& o "e re&7o$e$"& eel "-" "e' o $o" -%e &*!c!e$" &"- "o c-rr' o*" "e or= +e"!c*lo*&l' Te o%er*re$e &"- -&
76
C7AP$ER !O? $R"A!GLE OF FRAU
C)ssic) Fr)%' Moti=)tion Mo'e
-$=!$< r-* !& -" 7re&e$" o$e o "e +o&" co++o$l' 7er7e"r-"e, *" "oro*<l' *$e"ec"e -$ *$re7or"e cr!+e& !$ I$!-$ -$=!$< !$*&"r' -$=!$< r-* !& ro-l' e!$e, *" c-$ e co$&!ere "o e -$' !$"e$"!o$-l ece7"!o$ "-" !& c-r-c"er!e ' - -l&e re7re&e$"-"!o$ o - +-"er!-l 7o!$", !c !& "e$ el!e%e -$ -c"e *7o$ ' "e %!c"!+, "o "e!r e"r!+e$" A &7e-=er -" - *&!$e&& -%!&or' co$ere$ce rece$"l' o*"l!$e - &e" o "e *&*-l c-r-c"er!&"!c& o - co+7-$' "-" +-' le- "o r-* 6o+e o "e&e !$cl*e lo +or-le, !< "*r$o%er o &"-, +-$- "r-!$e &"- , -$-l'"!c-l -$o+-l!e&, &-l-r' &"r*c"*re& "!e "o 7ro!"& -$ $o e*c-"!o$ o$ o "o re7or" r-* He e+7-&!e "e 7o!$" "-" --re$e&& -$ e*c-"!o$ !& "e =e' "o ee-"!$< r-* A& 'o* c-$ &ee, !le !" !& - !" l!<" !$ "e 7re&&*re &ec"!o$, "e &7e-=er -& co++o$ c-r-c"er!&"!c& le-!$< "o -$= r-* I" !& 7ro-l' -l&o !$cl*e e+7lo'ee *$!ll!$<$e&& "o "-=e ol!-'& -& -$ o77or"*$!"', -$ lo e+7lo'ee &-"!&-c"!o$ -& - r-"!o$-l!-"!o$, -& co++o$ c-r-c"er!&"!c& I$ re<-r& "o "e 7o!$" o --re$e&& -$ e*c-"!o$ e!$< =e' "o ee-"!$< -$= r-*, I" o*l &-' !$ - ro- &e$&e, "!& !& correc" +7lo'ee& -$ e+7lo'er& o" $ee "o e --re o "e 7re%-le$ce o -$= r-*, o -$= r-* !& co++o$l' 7er7e"r-"e, -$ o "o co+-" -$= r-* Te &'&"e+& o &"o77!$< -$= r-*, o "o reco<$!e -$= r-* -$ "e -""!"*e& "o co$%e' or "e&e r-* -re !+7er-"!%e or e+7lo'er& "o le-r$ -$ !+7le+e$" 6o, -<-!$, o co*r&e e*c-"!o$ -$ --re$e&& !& =e' "o ee-"!$< r-*, or -" le-&" +!$!+!!$< !"
77
. Opport%nit( Te e?ec*"or o r-* +*&" el!e%e "-" e or &e c-$ co++!" "e r-* !"o*" e!$< c-*<" (or ! c-*<", $o"!$<
78
. R)tion)iJ)tion
Te "!r r!%er o r-* !& -!l!"' o "e 7er7e"r-"or& "o !$ - -' "o r-"!o$-l!e "e!r -c"!o$& -& -cce7"-le R-"!o$-l!-"!o$A&e$ce o <*-r!-$& reer& "o "e +-$$er !$ !c 7eo7le "!$= -o*" "e!r or=, 7eror+-$ce -$ co$"r!*"!o$ !"!$ "e or=7l-ce Te', "ereore, -""-c - %-l*e "-" "e' &o*l er!%e ro+ "e co+7-$' or e!$< 7ro*c"!%e or el!%er!$< &o+e"!$< o %-l*e A&e$ce o <*-r!-$&, o$ "e o"er -$, reer& "o "e &!"*-"!o$
;. Press%re %er' r-* e?ec*"or !& co$ro$"e !" &o+e =!$ o 7re&&*re or $ee Bre&&*re& "-" +o"!%-"e !$!%!*-l& "o co++!" r-* -re !$-$c!-l 7re&&*re& (!< +e!c-l !ll& or e"&), %!ce& (r*<&, <-+l!$<, -lcool), or=.rel-"e 7re&&*re& (!< 7re&&*re or
-& - co+!$-"!o$ o o"er -c"or& &*c -& "e o77or"*$!"' -$ "e -""!"*e "o co++!" "e r-*
79
C7AP$ER !O? FRAU E$EC$"O! "! REAL?$"ME FOR #A!KS
6"-"*"or' re;*!re+e$"& cle-rl' &o "-" -$= r-* 7o&e& - &er!o*& "re-" "o -$=& W!le re"ro&7ec"!%e r-* e"ec"!o$ -& "o7 7r!or!"' !$ "e 7-&", "e oc*& !& $o o$ e-rl' e"ec"!o$ 80
or 7re%e$"!o$ Bre%e$"!o$ +e-&*re& -!+ -" "e e-rl' e"ec"!o$ -$ -$l!$< o r-* r!&=& "o 7re%e$" !$-$c!-l -$ re7*"-"!o$-l -+-
Some so%tions offer: •
Co%er-
•
Re-l."!+e -$-l'&!& o -"- -$ e%e$"& "o "r!<
•
Co+7ree$&!%e cec= o &'&"e+ -cce&& ' e+7lo'ee&, c*&"o+er& -$ "e!r "r-$&-c"!o$&, -$ o e%e$"&
•
6!+*l-"!o$ o7"!o$& (-"–! -$-l'&e&)
•
*l"!.cl!e$"& -$ +*l"!.l!$<*-l *&er !$"er-ce&
•
6"-$-r +o*le& -$ le?!le -8*&"+e$" o7"!o$&
•
e&".7r-c"!ce cec= &ce$-r!o& ro+ - l-r
•
-&' !$"e
•
100\ -*!".7roo oc*+e$"-"!o$
81
C7AP$ER !O?; AC$"O!S $AKE! #/ #A!K $O M"!"M"E $7E #A!K FRAUS #)n*s s+o%' )'opt t+e fooin1 )ctions for minimiJe t+e )n* fr)%'s:
ACTIN6 TAKN Y ANK
82
A & &
D)D le B"CD CIo$6Ar Ce1' o(lr
5 I 7 c o
l
o 9
T
o &
++ e " < " %+
e
& %%
o
e o 7 * ' e
7
$
r !
*
r
r
l ' !
&
& $ - ! e - -
$
9 *e
c 9 &
e . " c $ " l - "
oe
r
+ l "
! !
$
. Assess fr)%' impic)tion of )n*s Str)te1( Te r-* *$c"!o$ -& -$ o77or"*$!"' "o "r-$&or+ !"& role -$ &"-"*& ' "!$=!$< -$ -c"!$< +ore l!=e - &"-=eoler !$ "e *&!$e&& T!& !$%ol%e& -&&e&&!$< "e r!&= -c"or& -$ "e!r rel-"!%e %ol-"!l!"', -o7"!$< - +ore co++erc!-l -$ c*&"o+er.oc*&e -77ro-c -$ *&!$< "ec$olo<' !$$o%-"!o$ "o 7ro%!e c*&"o+er.ce$"r!c &ol*"!o$& #$er&"-$!$< "e r!&=& !ll e$-le c-7-!l!"' or =$ole
83
"ereore !ll o7e$ *7 $e r!&=& or -$=& !$ "e -re-& o r-* +-$-
. Mo'e c%stomer e+)=iors )n' sit%)tions
r-* &ol*"!o$& -$ oer!$<& &o*l e e%elo7e -$ re!$e "o -re&& "e r!&=& o !$!%!*-l c*&"o+er& or c*&"o+er &e<+e$"& r-* !$"er%e$"!o$& !c !+7-c" "e c*&"o+er& &o*l e -&e o$ !$!%!*-l c*&"o+er e-%!or -$ c!rc*+&"-$ce T!& 7o&!"!o$& "e r-* +-$-
;. e=eop (n)mic An)(tic) mo'es ,ur e%erien#e is t!at ans !a+e !istori#all" de%lo"ed anti-fraud and anti- *)L solutions /it!out
t!e a%%ro%riate #a%ailities for
d"nai# o%tiiation
Fraud
anageent ust e !ig!l" res%onsi+e: as #riinals are ore so%!isti#ated and in#reased %ro#essing %o/er is a+ailale t!roug! #loud te#!nologies ,rganiations t!at fail to aintain and o%tiie t!eir s"stes are liel" to e targets for fraudsters T"%i#all": to o%tiie anal"ti#al odels: ans need to intera#t ore #losel" ot! /it! internal and eternal anal"ti#al resour#es and /it! soft/are su%%liers Fraud teas need to e e(ui%%ed /it! t!e sills and %ro#esses to anage t!is ;o+ernan#e of odels: anal"ti#s and rules #!anges is #oing under in#reasing regulator" interest and t!erefore: as %art of de+elo%ing t!is #a%ailit": %ro%er go+ernan#e s!ould also e estalis!ed ;oing for/ard: fraud anagers /ill start /it! a usiness out#oe or goal rat!er t!an a !"%ot!esis T!e" /ill use anal"ti#s to gat!er !istori#al data t!at /ill !el% t!e ?nd t!e ans/er T!e" /ill t!en reuse anal"ti#s to #reate statisti#al or a#!ine-learning odels of t!e data to ans/er t!eir (uestion T!is /ill #reate an in#reasing need to ring +arious data sour#es toget!er:
84
%arti#ularl" if an organiation !as de%lo"ed a nuer of non-integrated %oint fraud solutions
-. e=eop P)n?C+)nne C%stomer A%t+entic)tions
C*&"o+er o$.o-r!$< -$ o$
8. e=eop t+e "$ Str)te1( for 7oistic ecision
Te !r&" &"e7 re%!&!$< "e IT &"r-"e<' "o !$cor7or-"e C*&"o+er A*"e$"!c-"!o$ 6"r-"e<' -$ A$-l'"!c-l C-7-!l!"' Re;*!re+e$"& !& co$&!ere %er' !+7or"-$" 6eco$, -$=& &o*l co$&!er -" c-$
C7AP$ER !O?PRESE!$ !EW FRAU PRE4E!$"O! C7ALLE!GES
Bre&e$" $e r-* 7re%e$"!o$ c-lle$
85
)A r!o c$" e+" l!r-
$= $ *e e ? o $e o- $
-o
$ 7 o
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o
9r
$ ! 9
o
e o
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c
. C+)n1in1 c%stomer 'emo1r)p+ics Bo7*l-"!o$& -re -
86
. M)r*et ep)nsion -$=&E e?7-$&!o$ !$"o e+er
Hoe%er, r-*
+-$-
;. A'option of ne tec+noo1ies )n' c+)nnes
ro- -o7"!o$ o $e "ec$olo
e$%!ro$+e$" -$ -$= o$l!$e or e?-+7le, &-! "e' 7reerre "o -$= o$l!$e !$ - rece$" &*r%e', !$cl*!$< 5F\ o "o&e o%er "e -
CASE S$U"ES . S$A$E #A!K OF #"KA!ER A! 6A"PUR
88
D-"e o occ*rre$ce : 2/0/2013 D-"e o e"ec"!o$
: 22012014
Bl-ce o occ*rre$ce : S-!7*r N-+e o "e 7r!$c!7-l 7-r"'-cco*$" : &r! RK Are- o o7er-"!o$ ere "e r-* -& occ*rre : "er+ lo-$ N-"*re o r-*: C A+o*$" o !$%ol%e (R& I$ l-= ) : 24/ To"-l reco%er' !$ l-=& : 24/ o*& o7er-$": &r! RK (&"-"e !rreco%er-le -*"or!"' le""er !&&*e ' re&7ec"!%e re&!e$" o orroer -& co$*c"e ' "e r-$c o!c!-l&, -" "e "!+e o &-$c"!o$ Reco%er' !$ "e lo-$ -c -& $o" or !$co+!$< > -c &"oo o%er*e, *e "o $o$ cre!" o &-l-r' !$ &-%!$< -c o orroer !" r-$c o$ "-=!$< *7 "e !&&*e !" e+7lo'er !" -& o*$ "-" le""er o -*"or!"' -& -=e e&!e&, "e e"-!l& o &-l-r' 7ro%!e "o "e r-$c ! $o" "-ll' !" "e e"-!l o &-l-r' recor& !" e7-r"+e$" I" !& -l&o re7or"e "-" "e e+7lo'ee !& -&e$" &!$ce, S*l' 2013 > $o &-l-r' !& e!$< 7-! ' "e e7-r"+e$"
. CE!$RAL #A!K OF "!"A
89
D-"e o occ*rre$ce : 1302010 D-"e o e"ec"!o$ : 0/112013 Bl-ce o occ*rre$ce : A+--- N-+e o "e 7r!$c!7-l -cco*$" : A%-$ce Are- o o7er-"!o$ ere r-* -& occ*rre : e?7or" cre!" N-"*re o r-* : C > To"-l -+o*$" !$%ol%e : R& 3525F4 l-=& A+o*$" reco%ere : N!l
#rief +istor( 0mo'%s oper)n'i2 : 6 PE, - co+7-$' -& e$8o'!$< cre!" -c!l!"!e& !" co$&or"!*+ o -$=& Te co+7-$' -77ro-c e*c-"!o$ o*r -$= or cre!" -c!l!"!e& o*"&!e 7*r%!e o co$&or"!*+ -rr-$ *&-$ce !$ 90 -'& !$l-$ 10 -' !+7or" Te -cco*$" -& cl-&&!!e -& NBA o$ !$%e&"!<-"!o$ !" -& o&er%e "-", *$& ere !rec"e "o co+7-$'E& -cE& !" o"er -$=E& > $o" *"!l!e or "e 7*r7o&e or !c !" -& !$-$ce "*&, -& +!&re7re&e$"e "e -c"E& > ce-"e "e -$= co+7-$' Co+7l-!$" lo
4"S"$ REPOR$ 90
or collec"!o$ o 7r!+-r' -"- I -%e %!&!"e "!"A! O4ERSEAS #A!K KAL/A! 0W2 r-$c Te r-$c +-$-
el7e +e *7 "o +' &-"!&-c"!o$ He <*!e +e -o*" -$=!$< r-*& -$ &c-+& Te %-r!o*& "'7e& o -$=!$< r-*& -77e$& !$ -$=& A$ %-r!o*& c-lle$
91
CO!CLUS"O! -$= r-*& -re o$e "o +-=e +o$e' ' ce-"!$< "e -$=& Tere -re &e%er-l loo7ole& !$ -$=!$< &'&"e+ "-" -& ee$ *&e ' r-*&"er& Te $*+er o -$= r-*& -& ee$ !$cre-&!$< 'e-r o$ 'e-r -lo$< !" "-", RI -l&o e$<-
WE# #"#L"OGRAP7/ 92
A ""7:+-$*7-"r--&"co+-r"!cle&Bo77e$Ar"!cle-&7? ID]/4429e.ee.4c25.-cF1. -50-/5Fc>"?"&e-rc]6*8ec":\20!$-$ce-$=!$< ""7:&l!e&-re$e"-=&-'%!r=-rr-*&.&c-+&.!$.-$=& C ""7&:-$co+7er&o$-l-'&.-$=&ec*r!"'o$l!$e. &ec*r!"'"re-"&.-$=!$<.&-e"'r-*."'7e& D ""7:!$-&=co+!=!-$=@r-*l-$<]e$ ""7:eoco+-o*"@/39/210@o$l!$e.-$=!$<. r-*@"+l ""7:!&e
A!!EURE
93
ae of t!e .an
@
ae of t!e .aner
@
;ender
@ )ale Feale
Auali?#ation
@
1 Do "ou t!in t!at frauds and s#as are !a%%ening in ansB
Ces
o
2Do "ou t!in t!at aning frauds and s#as are !arful to t!e so#iet"B Ces
o
3
o
4 *re "ou satis?ed /it! t!e easures to %re+enting t!e aning frauds and s#asB Ces
o
5 Do "ou !a+e soe ste%s to %rote#t "our an fro t!e aning frauds and s#asB Ces
o
6 W!i#! &trateg" "our an is taen to %rote#t fro t!e aning frauds and s#asB *ns/er@
7 Do "ou t!in t!at s#as and frauds deal in ans are #onne#ted to t!e %oliti#sB Ces
o
8 Do "ou !a+e t!e fraud e%erts in "our an to onitor t!e transa#tions to %rote#t "our an fro #riinal a#ti+itiesB Ces
o
9
o
10 Does t!e an frauds and s#as ae#ts t!e good/ill of t!e ansB
94
