August 21, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
I received my first copy of Crane's Technical Paper No. 410, titled " Flow of Fluids through Valves, fittings, and pipe", in October 1962. It was given to me free of charge by the Crane salesman that took care of the business account at Liquid Carbonic Division of General Dynamics in Chicago, where I worked. I had just completed my first year practicing engineering at Liquid Carbonic's affiliated companies in Jamaica, Jamaica Oxygen and Acetylene Ltd. and Jamaica Carbonics. I had spent a year in Jamaica as Production Manager, replacing Alf Newton who had gone to Barbados and Trinidad to erect a small CO2 plant in Barbados and an industrial gas facility (Oxygen and Acetylene) at Biljah Road in Trinidad. My original copy was the 1957 copyrighted version, sixth printing. It had a stated price of $10.00. This was my first experience in dealing with fluid flow problems using the Darcy equation together with the corresponding Moody Chart. At Texas A&M we were taught the Fanning equation and its corresponding friction factor (the Darcy friction factor = 4 x the Fanning friction factor). We had never been exposed to such practical and detailed fluid flow problems at Texas A&M. This booklet was not only interesting, but it also taught the young engineer how to cope with and resolve practical plant fluid problems. I went through all 27 example problems which were given in Section 4 of the booklet. Later, during my tenure at Quaker Oats Chemical Division in Chicago (1968 - 1973), I would receive a copy of the 1965 Crane version (9th printing). The example problems were basically the same and resolved in the same manner as in the 1957 version. The 1965 version had a stated price of $2.00. When I worked for Allstates Engineering on DuPont projects (1989 -1994) I obtained the 1979 version (18th printing) and it had a stated price of $8.00. This is the version that this Workbook's examples are based on. I still retain the original 1957 version copy, although the original hard, orange carboard front and back cover have cracked and disintegrated from the stainless steel spiral hinge. I have transcribed the Example problems given in the 1979 (18th printing) Edition into this workbook and also added those problems that were given in the 1957 Edition but were not included in the 1979 Edition. Additionally, I have included in each of the 1979 Example problem solutions those solutions that were given in the 1957 Edition and that were resolved in a different manner. This enables the reader to see the difference in the technology of solving these problems and how the methods have increased the accuracy of the answer. My reason for transcribing these Example problems into the Spreadsheet format is to achieve a rapid and efficient method by which an engineer can quickly detect the methodology and follow the mathematical computations. Emphasis is put on the logic and reasoning employed rather than worrying about the mathematical mechanics. The spreadsheet allows the reader to insert a variety of different input values and thereby facilitates the engineer in absorbing the manner in which the ultimate answer is affected.
Art Montemayor
Page 1 of 299
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Introduction
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Art Montemayor Example 4-1 (18th printing) Given:
Water at 80 oF is flowing through 70 feet of 2-inch standard wall plastic pipe (smooth wall) at a rate of 50 gallons per minute.
Find:
The Reynolds Number and the friction factor.
Solution: The Reynolds Number is defined as:
Re= Where, Q = = d =
50.6 Q ρ dμ
50 gallons/min 62.22 lb/ft3 2.067 inches 0.85733 cP Re = f =
88,830 0.0182
(from the Moody Chart, for smooth flow)
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FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-1
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Art Montemayor Example 4-2 (18th printing) Given: A 6-inch Class 125 iron Y-pattern globe valve has a flow coefficient, Cv , of 600.
Find: Resistance coefficent, K, the the equivalent lengths L/D and L for flow in the zone of complete turbulence. olution: K, L/D, and L should be given in terms of 6-inch Schedule 40 pipe; When the resistance coefficient K is used in flow equations, the velocity and internal diameter dimensions used in the equation must be based on the dimensions of the basis Schedule numbers regardless of the pipe with which the valve may be installed. The values in the "K" Factor Table are associated with the internal diameter of the following pipe schedule numbers for the various ANSI Classes of valves and fittings. Class 300 and lower Class 400 and 600 Class 900 Class 1500 Class 2500 (sizes 1/2 to 6") Class 2500 (sizes 8" & up)
where, d =
Schedule 40 Schedule 80 Schedule 120 Schedule 160 XXS Schedule 160
894 . 01 d K= ( CV )2 6.065 inches =
4
0.5054 ft K =
3.36
(based on 6", Schedule 40 pipe)
L K = D f f =
0.015 (from Moody Chart; for 6.065" ID pipe in fully turbulent flow range) L/D =
224
L = (L / D) (D) =
113
feet
In the 1957 6th printing edition, an alternate solution is offered:
74 . 3 d f C2V
5
113
feet
L= L =
Page 3 of 299
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-2
August 21, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor Example 4-3 (18th printing) Given: A 4-inch Class 600 steel conventional angle valve with full area seat.
Find: Resistance coefficient K, flow coefficient CV, and equivalent lengths L / D and L for flow in the zone of complete turbulence. Solution: K, L / D, and L should be given in terms of 4-inch Schedule 80 pipe; When the resistance coefficient K is used in flow equations, the velocity and internal diameter dimensions used in the equation must be based on the dimensions of the basis Schedule numbers regardless of the pipe with which the valve may be installed. The values in the "K" Factor Table are associated with the internal diameter of the following pipe schedule numbers for the various ANSI Classes of valves and fittings. Class 300 and lower Class 400 and 600 Class 900 Class 1500 Class 2500 (sizes 1/2 to 6") Class 2500 (sizes 8" & up)
Schedule 40 Schedule 80 Schedule 120 Schedule 160 XXS Schedule 160
K=150 f T
From the "K" Factor tables,
29 . 9 d 2 CV = √K L L K K=f ; or = D D fT d = fT =
3.826 inches 0.017 (from table on page A-26) K = CV = L/D = L =
2.55 274 150 47.8
feet
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FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-3
August 21, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
In the 1957 6th Printing edition, the problem is worded and resolved differently: Given: A 4-inch 600-pound conventional angle valve with no obstruction in flat seat. Find: The resistance coefficient K, flow coefficient Cv, and the equivalent lengths L / D and L for fully turbulent flow. Solution: K, L / D, and L should be given in terms of 4-inch Schedule 80 pipe; L/D =
145
d =
3.826
L =
46
K =
2.4
Cv =
283
(from L/D tables for valves) inches
(from Nomograph for equivalent lengths and K)
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FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-3
August 21, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor Example 4-4 (18th printing)
Given: A 6 x 4-inch Class 600 steel gate valve with inlet and outlet ports conically tapered from back of body rings to valve ends. Face-to-face dimensions is 22" and back of seat ring to back of seat ring is about 6". Find: K2 for any flow condition, and L / D and L for flow in the zone of complete turbulence. Solution: K, L/D, and L should be given in terms of 6-inch Schedule 80 pipe; When the resistance coefficient K is used in flow equations, the velocity and internal diameter dimensions used in the equation must be based on the dimensions of the basis Schedule numbers regardless of the pipe with which the valve may be installed. The values in the "K" Factor Table are associated with the internal diameter of the following pipe schedule numbers for the various ANSI Classes of valves and fittings. Class 300 and lower Class 400 and 600 Class 900 Class 1500 Class 2500 (sizes 1/2 to 6") Class 2500 (sizes 8" & up)
Schedule 40 Schedule 80 Schedule 120 Schedule 160 XXS Schedule 160
K1 = 8 fT (from K Factor Table)
K 2=
K 1 +sin
K=f β=
θ 2 [ 0 . 8 ( 1−β 2 ) + 2. 6 ( 1−β 2 ) ] 2 β4
L L K ; or = D D fT 6"
d1
3.826"
d2
d1 =
3.826 inches
d2 =
5.761 inches
fT =
0.015
5.761" 22"
= tan ( / 2) = K2 =
0.66 0.1209 = sin ( / 2) --approximately 1.40
L/D =
93
diameters of 6" Schedule 80 pipe
L =
45
feet of 6" Schedule 80 pipe
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FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-4
August 21, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
In the 1957 6th Printing edition, the problem is worded differently: Given: A 6 x 4-inch 600-pound steel gate valve. Find: The valve resistance coefficient K, and the equivalent lengths L / D and L, for fully turbulent flow of Reynolds numbers indicated on the Moody Friction Factor diagram. Solution: K, L / D, and L should be given in terms of 6-inch Schedule 80 pipe; For venturi port gate valves:
da
4
( ) ( ) (d ) ( ) L D
L = D a
b
b
L = D
4
b
( d a) 4 ( d b)
For 6-inch Schedule 80 pipe: d = 5.761 inches D = 0.4801 feet d4 =
1,101.5 in4
For 4-inch Schedule 80 pipe: d = 3.826 inches d4 =
214.28 in4
L/D =
13 (L/D)a =
fT =
K=f
This value is for a 4" constant diameter port gate valve 66.8
0.0151
This value is for 6" Schedule 80 pipe This is the fully turbulent friction factor for 6" Schedule 80 pipe as seen in the Moody chart
L D
( )
This is the definition of the resistance coefficient, K
K =
1.01
This is based on the 6" Schedule 80 pipe
L = (L/D) D =
32.1
feet
This equivalent pipe length is based on the 6" Schedule 80 pipe
Page 7 of 299
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-4
August 21, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor Example 4-5 (18th printing)
Given: A globe type, lift check valve with a wing-guided disc is required in a 3-inch Schedule 40 horizontal pipe carrying 70 oF water at the rate of 80 gallons per minute. Find: The proper size check valve and the pressure drop. The valve should be sized so that the disc is fully lifted at the specified flow. Solution: For all practical purposes, it can be assumed that the pressure drop or head loss due to the flow of fluids in the turbulent range through valves and fittings varies as the square of the velocity (P = k v2 ). The minimum velocity required to lift a check valve's disc to the full-open and stable position has been determined by tests for numerous types of check and foot valves, and is given in the "K" Factor Table. It is expressed in terms of a constant times the square root of the specific volume of the fluid being handled, making it applicable for use with any fluid.
v min=40 √ V¯ v=
(from K factor table)
0 . 408 Q d2
(the "continuity" equation)
17 . 99 x 10−6 K ρ Q2 ΔP= d4 K 1 =600 f T
(From K Factor Table)
K 1 + β [ 0. 5 ( 1−β 2 ) + ( 1−β 2 )
2
K 2=
]
(From K Factor Table)
β4 β=
d1
(Definition of the "Beta" ratio)
d2
d1 =
2.469 inches
(for 2-1/2" Schedule 40 pipe)
d2 =
3.068 inches
(for 3" Schedule 40 pipe)
V¯ =
= fT =
Q =
0.01605 ft /lb 3
62.305 lb/ft3
(the specific volume of water at 70 oF) (the density of water at 70 oF)
0.018 (for fully turbulent flow in 2-1/2" or 3" pipe) 80 gpm vmin =
5.1
ft/sec
v =
3.5
ft/sec
(for the 3" check valve)
Note that the mean flow velocity of the 3" check valve is less than the recommended. Try a smaller, 2-1/2" check valve instead. v =
5.4
ft/sec
(for the 2-1/2" check valve)
Based on the above, a 2-1/2" check valve is recommended to be installed in the 3" pipe using concentric reducers.
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FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-5
August 21, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
=
0.80
(this is the Beta ratio between the check valve and the pipe)
K2 is the value of the resistance coefficient in terms of the larger pipe size and is determined by basically dividing K1 by 4. K2 =
26
P =
2.0
psi
(pressure drop of 80 gpm through the 2-1/2" check valve)
In the 1957 6th Printing edition, the problem is worded differently: Given: A globe type, lift check valve with a wing-guided disc is required in a 3-inch Schedule 40 horizontal pipe carrying 70 oF water at the rate of 100 gallons per minute. Find: The proper size check valve and the pressure drop. The valve should be sized so that the disc is fully lifted under normal flow conditions; see page 2-7 for discussion and page A-30 for minimum flow. Solution: Solve the Darcy equation for the value of d 4 :
( L D) ρ Q
0. 00001799 f ΔP=
2
d4
0 . 00001799 f d 4=
(L D) ρ Q
2
ΔP
Calculate the Reynolds Number to determine the friction factor based on flow in the 3-inch pipe.
Re=
50. 6 Q ρ dμ
Q = P =
100 2.0
L/D = = d = =
450
This is the minimum pressure drop required across the globe lift check valve in order to provide sufficient flow to lift the disc fully. This is given in page A-30. This is the same as for a globe valve; also given in page A-30.
62.305 3.068
lb/ft3 inches
This is the density of water at 70 oF. This is the ID of the 3-inch Schedule 40 pipe.
0.975
cP
This is the viscosity of the 70 oF water.
Re = f =
gpm psi
105,396 This places the flow in the Transition Zone within the Moody Chart.
0.021 d4 =
The friction factor taken from the Moody Chart 53.0
From the pipe tables, it is seen that the value of the d 4 parameter for the 3-inch pipe is 88.597 while that for a 2-1/2 inch size similar check valve is 37.161 It is evident that for this flow condition the pressure drop through a wide-open valve is more than 2.0 psi for the Page 9 of 299
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Art Montemayor
2-1/2 inch size and less than 2.0 psi for the 3-inch size. Therefore, the 3-inch valve would not be fully lifted and a 2-1/2 inch size check valve should be used in this flow application.
L D
L D
( ) ( ) =
a
(L/D)b =
b
( d a)4 4 ( d b)
( )
450
(da) =
88.597
(db) =
37.161
(L/D)a =
1,073
P =
2.85
4 4
psi
Page 10 of 299
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-5
August 21, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor Example 4-6 (18th printing)
Given: Water at 60 oF is discharged from a tank with 22-feet of average head to the atmosphere through: Quantity 200 feet
Item 3" Schedule 40 pipe
6
3" standard 90o threaded elbows
1
3" flanged ball valve having a 2-3/8" diameter seat, 16 o conical inlet, and 30o conical outlet end. Sharp-edged entrance is flush with the inside of the tank
Find: The water velocity in the pipe and the rate of discharge in gallons per minute. Solution:
√
2 g hL v2 h L=K or , v= 2g K
v =0 . 408
Q or , Q=2. 451 v d 2 2 d
K =
0.5 (for pipe entrance at the tank)
K =
1.0 (for pipe exit at the end)
fT =
0.018 (for fully turbulent flow in 3" pipe)
d1 =
2.375 inches
(bore of the reduced port ball valve)
d2 =
3.068 inches
(inside diameter of the 3" pipe)
22'
For the K of a ball valve, the normal formula must be expanded in order to compensate for the different inlet and outlet angles:
θ θ 2 K 1 +0 . 8 sin ( 1−β 2 ) +2 . 6 sin ( 1−β 2 ) 2 2 K 2= 4 β =
0.77
(Beta ratio of the valve's bore to the pipe ID)
Sin /2 = sin(16/2)=
0.14 (this sine value is for the valve's inlet half angle)
Sin /2 = sin(30/2)=
0.26 (this sine value is for the valve's outlet half angle) K1 =
3 fT =
K2 =
0.58
K = K =
30 fT = 3.24
K = f (L./ D) =
0.054 (This is the K for the ball valve) 0.54 (This is the K for one screwed elbow) (This is the K for the 6 elbows) 14.08
(This is the K for the 200 feet of 3" straight pipe)
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FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-6
August 21, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor The K for the system is composed of the Ks for the entrance, pipe, elbows, ball valve, and exit. K (total) =
19.4
v =
8.5
ft/sec
(This is the mean velocity of the water in the 3" pipe)
Q =
197
gpm
(This is the water flowrate exiting the system)
In order to verify that the assumption that the flow is in the fully turbulent zone, Reynolds Number =
123.9 d v / =
180,742 (Reynolds number in the 3" pipe)
From the Moody Chart, the corresponding f = 0.0195 and this is not in the fully turbulent zone. Although this flow is in the transition zone, the difference is small enough to forego any correction of K for the pipe. The solution is valid from a practical point.
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FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-6
August 21, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor Example 4-7 (18th printing)
Given: S.A.E. 10 Lube Oil at 60 oF flows through the system described in Example 4-6 at the same differential head. Find: The oil velocity in the pipe and the rate of flow in gallons per minute. Solution:
√
2 g hL v2 h L=K or , v= 2g K Q v =0 . 408 2 or , Q=2 . 451 v d 2 d
dvρ Re=123 .9 μ f=
(Friction factor for laminar flow)
64 Re
K =
0.5 (for pipe entrance at the tank)
K =
1.0 (for pipe exit at the end)
K2 =
0.58
(This is the K for the ball valve as developed in Example 4-6)
K =
3.24
(This is the K for the 6 elbows as developed in Example 4-6)
=
54.64 lb/ft3
=
100 cP
hL =
22'
(oil density @ 60 oF) (oil absolute viscosity @ 60 oF)
22 ft of oil
(static pressure head developed by oil)
Note that the resistance coefficient K is considered as being independent of the Friction Factor or the Reynolds Number, and is treated as a constant for any valve or fitting under all condtions of flow (including laminar flow) regardless of the fluid handled. It is left to calculate the K for the 200 feet of 3" pipe and a velocity must be assumed in order to generate the pipe K. The velocity can be checked through trial-and-error methods until convergence is reached. Assume
v =
5.26
ft/sec
Re =
1,093
(Flow is laminar)
f =
0.059
(Friction factor for the 3" pipe)
K =
45.8
(K for 3" pipe)
K (total) = v =
51.1 5.26
(K for the entire system) ft/sec (Oil mean velocity in 3" pipe -- this should equal the assumed value)
Q =
121
gpm
(Oil flowrate in the 3" pipe)
Page 13 of 299
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-7
August 21, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor Example 4-8 (18th printing)
Given: S.A.E. 70 Lube Oil at 100 oF is flowing at the rate of 600 barrels per hour through 200 feet of 8-inch Schedule 40 pipe in which an 9-inch conventional globe valve with full bore is installed. Find: The pressure drop due to flow through the pipe and valve. Solution: −6
8. 82 x 10 K ρ B ΔP= d4
Re=
2
35. 4 ρ B dμ
K 1 =340 f T K=f f=
L D
64 Re
S =
0.916 at 60 oF
(Specific Gravity of the oil relative to water at 60 oF)
S =
0.900 at 100 oF
(Specific Gravity of the oil relative to water at 60 oF)
B =
600 barrels/hr
d = =
7.981 inches 470 cP
(8" Schedule 40 pipe inside diameter) (Oil viscosity at 100 oF)
fT =
0.014
(Friction factor for fully turbulent flow in 8" pipe)
=
56.13 lb/ft3
(Oil density at 100 oF)
Re =
318
(Oil flow is very Laminar)
f =
0.20
(Friction factor for the laminar flow in the 8" pipe)
K1 =
4.76
(K factor for the full-bore 8" globe valve)
K =
60.55
(K factor for the 200 feet of 8" pipe)
K (Total) =
65.31
(Total K for the system)
P =
2.87
psi
Page 14 of 299
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-8
August 21, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor Example 4-9 (18th printing)
Given: S.A.E. 20 Lube Oil at 100 oF is flowing through 5-inch Schedule 40 pipe at a rate of 600 gallons per minute, as shown in the following sketch. Find: The velocity in feet per second and the pressure difference between gauges P 1 and P2. Solution:
5" Class 150, steel angle valve with full area seat - wide open P2
5" Class 150 steel gate valve with full area seat wide open. 5" R
P1
75'
50'
Flow 175'
v=
5" weld elbow
0 . 408 Q d2
Re=
50 .6 Q ρ dμ −6
ΔP=
18 x 10
ΔP=
K ρQ
2
(This is the pressure loss in the system due to flow)
d4 hL ρ
(This is the pressure loss in the system due to elevation change)
144 d =
5.047 inches
S =
0.916
(Oil Specific Gravity @ 60 oF referenced to water @ 60 oF)
S =
0.900
(Oil Specific Gravity @ 100 oF referenced to water @ 60 oF)
=
470 cP
(Oil absolute viscosity @ 100 oF)
=
56.1 lb/ft3
(Oil density @ 100 oF)
fT = Q =
0.016
(Friction factor for oil in fully turbulent flow)
600 gpm
(Oil flow rate)
First, establish if the flow is laminar or turbulent. Re = f = 64/Re =
723 0.089
(This flow is Laminar) (This is the fricition factor for the oil in laminar flow)
Page 15 of 299
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-9
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Art Montemayor
K 1 =8 f T
This K is for the 5" gate valve and =
0.13
K 1 =150 f T
This K is for the 5" angle valve and =
2.40
K=20 f T
This K is for the 5" elbow and is =
0.32
This K is for the 5" pipe and is =
63.17
K=f
L D
The K for the entire system is the sum of the Ks =
66.01
v =
9.6
This is the oil mean velocity in the pipe.
P =
37.0
psi
(This is Pressure drop due to flow)
P =
19.5
psi
(This is Pressure drop due to elevation increase)
P (Total) =
56.5
psi
This is the total pressure drop between the gauges
Page 16 of 299
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-9
August 21, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor Example 4-10 (18th printing)
Given: 600 psig steam at 850 oF flows through 400 feet of horizontal 6-inch Schedule 80 pipe at a rate of 90,000 lb/hr. The system contains three 90o weld elbows having a relative radius of 1.5, one fully-open 6x4-inch Class 600 venturi gate valve as described in example 4-4, and one 6-inch Class 600 y-pattern globe . valve. The latter has a seat diameter equal to 0.9 of the inside diameter of Schedule 80 pipe, disc fully lifted Find: The pressure drop through the system. Solution:
ΔP=
28 x 10
−8
2 K W V¯
d4 K 1 + β [ 0. 5 ( 1−β 2 ) + ( 1−β 2 )
2
K 2=
β4 =
0.90
(This is the given Beta ratio for the 6" globe valve) (This is the K for each 6" welded elbow)
K=14 f T L D
Re=6 .13
(This is the K2 for the 6" globe valve) (This is the K1 for the 6" globe valve)
K 1 =55 f T
K=f
]
(This is the K for the 6" pipe)
W dμ
W = d =
90,000 5.761 1.22 V¯ = = 0.026727 fT = 0.015
lb/hr inches ft3/lb cP
(This is the 6" Schedule 80 pipe ID) (This is the Specific Volume of the superheated steam) (This is the viscosity of the superheated steam) (This the friction factor for the 6" pipe in fully turbulent flow)
K1 =
0.825
(for Globe valve)
K2 =
1.41
(for Globe valve)
K2 =
1.40
(for Gate valve, as calculated in example 4-4)
Re = 3,688,279 f =
0.015
(The pipe friction factor as found in the Moody Chart)
K =
12.5
(for the 6" Schedule 80 pipe)
K =
0.63
(for the 3 - 6" welded elbows)
K (Total) =
15.94
(The total K for globe & gate valves, pipe, and elbows)
P =
39.9
psi
This is the pressure drop for the system
Page 17 of 299
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-10
This exercise compares the results and answers found in Crane Tech Paper #410 with those gene http://www.engineeringpage.com/cgi- bin/dp/dpf.pl
Crane Tech Paper #410; example 4-10 CALCULATION INPUT Medium Flowrate Density Dynamic Viscosity
FLUID DATA 600 psia Steam (@ 850 oF) 109,440 ft 3/h 0.8223 lb/ft 3 0.027 mPa.s [ = cP]
FITTINGS AND VALVES Number of fittings were manually put in Elbows 90 Number R/D = 3 R/D = 1.5 Valves
Number 1 1
CALCULATION RESULTS External Diameter Wall Thickness Internal Diameter
Type Gate, Ball, Plug Globe
PIPE DATA ANSI B36.10 Size Schedule Pipe length
Type Long Radius Special Full line size Angle or Y-type
168.28 mm 10.97 mm 146.34 mm
ß=1
6.6252 inch 0.4319 inch 5.7614 inch
Density
0.8608 m3/s 3098.9957 m3/h 13.172 kg/m3
Fluid velocity Reynolds Number Wall Roughness Relative roughness factor Moody Friction Factor
51.1803 m/s 3,653,869 [ - ] 0.05 mm 0.0003 [ - ] 0.0156 [ - ]
Pressure Drop straight line Pressure Drop fittings
737,060 Pa 54,681 Pa
7.3706 0.5468
bar bar
106.90 psi 7.93 psi
Total Pressure Drop
791,741 Pa
7.9174
bar
114.83 psi
Flowrate
Connec All Typ
13,644.46 gpm (U.S.) 109,440 ft 3/h 0.8223 lb/ft 3 167.9143 ft/s turbulent flow 0.002 inch
August 21, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor Example 4-11 (18th printing)
Given: Water at 180 oF is flowing through a flat heating coil, shown in the sketch below, at a rate of 15 gpm. Find: The pressure drop from Point A to Point B. 4" Radius
Solution:
ΔP=
18 x 10
−6
K ρQ
2
1" Schedule 40 pipe
d4
Re=
50 .6 Q ρ dμ
2'
L D
K=f r =4 d
4" Radius
A
B 1'
4" Radius
1'
(This is the radius of the pipe bends
K 90=14 f T
(
(This is the K for each of the two 90o bends
K B= ( n−1 ) 0 . 25 π f T = = d = fT = Q =
r +0. 5 K 90 +K 90 d
)
60.569 lb/ft3
(K for each 180o bend)
(Water density at 180 oF)
0.34 cP 1.049 inches
(Water viscosity at 180 oF) (1" Schedule 40 pipe ID)
0.023 15 gpm
(Friction factor for 1" pipe in fully turbulent flow) (Hot water flow rate)
Re = 127,131 f = 0.024
This reveals that the water is in the transition zone This is the pipe friction factor at the flowing conditions
K =
4.94
This is the K for the 18 feet of straight 1" pipe
K = KB =
0.64
This is the K for the 2 -90o bends
K(Total) =
3.89 9.47
This is the K for the 7-180o bends This is the total K for the entire system
P =
1.92
psi
This is the total system pressure drop
Art's Note: This example problem doesn't mention whether the flat coil is in a horizontal or a vertical orientation. For practical purposes, it is very important to know the orientation, although the pressure drop will be the same --- as long as the entire 1" pipe is 100% water filled. If the coil is vertically oriented, then air will initially be trapped at the top of the 4 - 180 o returns. This air will create a 2-phase flow region at these sites and the pressure drop will increase. It is very important in an actual, industrial application that the top of each of the 4 top 180 o returns be initially vented to the atmosphere and all air be expelled from there in order to ensure that the system is started up with 100% water-filled condtions. It is in this manner that the system can "recover" the energy spent in going vertically up 2 feet four times in the coil run. If the system is not 100% water-filled, then total recovery of this energy cannot be done because of the air's
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Art Montemayor compressibility.
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This exercise compares the results and answers found in Crane Tech Paper #410 with those gene http://www.engineeringpage.com/cgi- bin/dp/dpf.pl
Crane Tech Paper #410; example 4-11 CALCULATION INPUT FLUID DATA Medium Water at 180 oF Flowrate 15 GPM Density 60.57 lb/ft 3 Dynamic Viscosity 0.34 mPa.s [= cP]
PIPE DATA ANSI B36.10 Size 1 inch Schedule Sch 40 Pipe length 18 ft
FITTINGS AND VALVES Number of fittings were manually put in Elbows 90 Number R/D = ... Type Connection 2 R/D = 5 Pipe Bend Return 180 Number R/D = ... Type Connection 7 R/D = 1.5 Long Radius All Types CALCULATION RESULTS External Diameter Wall Thickness Internal Diameter Flowrate Density
33.4 mm 3.38 mm 26.64 mm
1.315 inch 0.1331 inch 1.0488 inch
0.0009 m3/s 3.4069 m3/h 970.2383 kg/m3
15 gpm (U.S.) 120.3125 ft 3/h 60.57 lb/ft 3
Fluid velocity Reynolds Number Wall Roughness Relative roughness factor Moody Friction Factor
1.6978 m/s 129,071 0.05 mm 0.0019 0.0247
5.5703 ft/s turbulent flow 0.002 inch
Pressure Drop straight line Pressure Drop fittings
23,318 Pa 6,923 Pa
0.2332 bar 0.0692 bar
3.382 psi 1.004 psi
Total Pressure Drop
30,241 Pa
0.3024 bar
4.386 psi
August 21, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor Example 4-12 (18th printing)
Given: A 12-inch Schedule 40 steel pipe 60 feet long, containing a standard gate valve 10 feet from the entrance, discharges 60 oF water to atmosphere from a reservoir. The entrance projects inward into the reservoir and its center line is 12 feet below the water level in the reservoir. Find: The diameter of a thin-plate orifice that must be centrally installed in the pipe to restrict the velocity of flow to 10 feet per second when the gate valve is wide open. Solution:
h L=K
Re=
2gh v2 or , System K = 2 L 2g v
123 .9 d v ρ μ
60'
12'
RO
K =
0.78 (K for pipe entrance)
K =
1.00 (K for pipe exit)
30'
10' K1 =
8 fT
K=f
L D
(K for the 12" pipe) 2
K Orifice ≃ v =
(K for the 12" gate valve)
(this is the relationship between an orifice K and its ratio)
1−β C 2 β4 10 ft/sec
d =
11.938 inches
=
62.371 lb/ft3
=
1.12 cP
fT = hL =
0.013
(This the friction factor for the 12" pipe in fully turbulent flow)
12.0 ft Re =
(This is the system head; assume the reservoir's level to remain constant) 822,889
flow is in the transition zone
f =
0.014
The pipe's friction factor, using the Moody Chart
K =
7.73
This is the system's K required for the desired velocity of 10 ft/sec.
K1 =
0.104
This is gate valve's K
K =
0.84
This is the 12" pipe's K
K(Total) =
2.728
+ the orifice's K
K(orifice)=
5.00
(This is the K of the orifice that satisfies the system's needs)
From the graph on page A-20 showing C versus Reynolds Number at varying Beta values, an assumed Beta yields a C with which the K(orifice) can be calculated. Trial-and-Error method is used as follows: At the Reynolds Number of 822,889, different values of Beta ratio are assumed.
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Assumed value 0.70 0.65 0.67 d1 =
8.12
C value 0.70 0.67 0.682 inches
K 4.33 7.21 5.88
The assumed is too large; use a smaller one The assumed is too small; use an intermediate This is close enough; use = 0.68
(This is the bore diameter of the required orifice)
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Art Montemayor Example 4-13 (18th printing)
Given: Fuel oil with a density of 0.815 grams per cubic centimeter and a kinematic viscosity of 2.7 centistokes is flowing through 50 millimeter I.D. steel pipe, 30 meters long at a rate of 7.0 liters per second. Find: Head loss in meters of fluid and pressure drop in kg/cm 2, bar, and megapascal (MPa) Solution: Define the symbols in SI units as follows: A = Pipe cross-sectional flow area, in meters2 = D = Pipe internal diameter, in meters = g = Acceleration of gravity = hL = head loss, in meters of fluid L = Pipe length, in meters =
0.001963 0.0500
9.80665 meters/sec2 30
q = flow rate, in meters /sec = 0.007 v = mean fluid velocity = 3.565 meter/sec (mean velocity by the continuity equation) 3 = fluid density, in grams/centimeter = 0.815 2 P(kpc) = fluid pressure drop, in kilograms/centimeter P(bar) = fluid pressure drop, in bars P(MPa)= fluid pressure drop, in megapascals 3
1.0 meter = 1.0 kg/cm = 2
1.0 kg/cm = 3
3.28 feet = 0.98067 bar =
39.37 inches 14.22334 psi
0.098067 Mpascal = 14.22334 psi
A column of fluid one square centimeter in cross-sectional area and one meter high is equal to a pressure of 0.1 kg/cm2; therefore: Re = 7740 d v/ Re =
65,986
f =
0.023 2
L v h L=f D 2g
where, d = v = =
1.9685 inches 11.6934 ft/sec 2.7 centistokes (Kinematic viscosity)
(This is the friction factor from the Moody Chart) =
8.94
meters
P(kpc) =
0.729
kg/cm2
P(bar) =
0.715
bar
P(MPa) =
0.071
MegaPascal
(This is the head loss through the 50 mm pipe)
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Art Montemayor Example 4-14 (18th printing)
Given: Water at 60 oF is flowing through the piping system, shown in the sketch below, at a rate of 400 gpm. Find: The velocity in both the 4 and 5-inch pipe sizes and the pressure differential between the pressure gauges P1 and P2. Solution:
5" Schedule 40 pipe
5" weld elbow with 7-1/2" radius
P2
4" Schedule 40 pipe 150'
75' P1
5" Schedule 40 pipe
Flow
5"x4" Reducing weld elbow with 7-1/2" radius
110' Use Daniel Bernoulli's theorem, which states: 2
2
144 P1 v 1 144 P2 v 2 Z1 + + =Z 2 + + +h ρ1 2g ρ2 2g L Assume that the hydraulic head of 75 feet has negligible effect on the water's density; therefore, 1 = 2 :
( ) [ ( Z −Z )+
ρ ( P1 −P2 ) = 144
h L=
0 . 00259 K Q d4
Re=
50 .6 Q ρ dμ
K=f
K=14 f T +
=
1.121 cP
d1 =
4.026 inches
2g
+h L
]
L D
f L D β4 K=14 f T
62.371 lb/ft3
1
2
K=
=
2
( v 22 −v 21)
(This is the K for the 4" pipe, in terms of the 5" pipe) (This is the K for the 5" 90o elbow
( 1−β 2 ) β4
2
This is the K for the 4" x 5" expanding elbow & is the sum of a straight-sized elbow + a sudden enlargement
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Art Montemayor d2 =
5.047 inches
Q =
400 gpm
fT =
0.016
=
0.80
(Z1 - Z2) =
75 feet v1 =
10.08
ft/sec
(This is the mean velocity in the 4" pipe by the continuity equation)
6.41 - v )/2g =
ft/sec
(This is the mean velocity in the 5" pipe by the continuity equation)
v2 = (v
2 2
2 1
-0.94
feet
Re = 279,689 (This is the Reynolds Number for the 4" pipe; it falls within the Transition Zone) Re = 223,108 (This is the Reynolds Number for the 5" pipe; it falls within the Transition Zone) f =
0.018
K =
9.6
(This is the K for the 225 feet of 5" pipe)
K =
5.9
(This is the K for the 110 feet of 4" pipe)
K2 =
14.6
(This is the K for the 4" pipe in terms of the 5" pipe)
K =
0.22
(This is the K for the 5" common elbow)
K =
0.55
(This is the K for the 4" x 5" expander elbow)
K (Total) =
24.98
This is the total K for the entire system of pipe & elbows
hL =
16.0
feet of fluid
P = (P1 - P2) =
(This is the friction factor for both 4" and 5" pipe)
39.0
psi
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Art Montemayor Example 4-15 (18th printing)
Given: Water at 70 oF is pumped through the piping system shown in the sketch at the rate of 100 gpm. Find: The total discharge head (H) at flowing conditions and the brake horsepower (bhp) required for a pump having an efficiency (eP) of 70 per cent. Solution: 3" Schedule 40 pipe
3" Std. Gate Valve 2-1/2" Globe lift check valve with wing-guided disc & concentric reducers for 3" pipe.
300'
70'
100'
Four 3" Std. 90o threaded elbows
30' Use Daniel Bernoulli's theorem, which states: 2
2
144 P1 v 1 144 P2 v 2 Z1 + + =Z 2 + + +h ρ1 2g ρ2 2g L Assume that the hydraulic head of 400 feet has negligible effect on the water's density; therefore, 1 = 2. Since the mean velocity at the pump discharge is the same as at the outlet (v 1 = v2), the equation is:
144 ( P1 −P2 )= ( Z 2 −Z 1 ) +h L ρ h L=
0 . 00259 K Q2 d4
Re=123 .9 v=
dvρ μ
0 . 408 Q d2
bhp=
QH ρ 247 , 000 e P
The head loss through the 3" discharge pipe system due to flow
The Reynolds Number through the 3" pipe system
The mean water velocity through the 3" pipe system
The Brake Horsepower required to pump the water through the 3" pipe system and up to the 400 feet of elevation.
K =
30 fT
The K for 90o elbows
K1 =
8 fT
The K for the gate valve
K =
f (L/D)
The K for the 3" pipe
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K = d = = = fT = Q =
1.00 3.068 inches 62.305 lb/ft3 0.97 cP
This is the density of the 70 oF water This is the absolute viscosity of 70 oF water
0.018 100 gpm v =
This is the K for the 3" pipe fluid exit loss This is the ID of the 3" Schedule 40 pipe
4.33
Re = 105,294
This is the friction factor for water in fully turbulent flow in the 3" pipe
ft/sec This Reynolds Number identifies the flow as in the Transition zone.
f =
0.021
This is the 3" pipe's friction factor from the Moody Chart
K =
2.16
This is the K for the four 90o elbows
K1 =
0.14
This is the K for the gate valve
K =
26.33
This is the K for the Check Valve with reducers as per Example 4-5
K =
41.07
This is the K for the 500 feet of 3" Schedule 40 pipe
K (Total) =
70.70
This is the Total K for the system, including the exit K
hL =
21
ft of water This is the head loss for the 3" pipe system due to flow
H =
421
ft of water This is the head loss for the 3" pipe system including static head
bhp =
15.2
This is the Pump's Brake Horsepower, assuming 70% efficiency.
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Art Montemayor Example 4-16 (18th printing)
Given: Air at 65 psig and 110 oF is flowing through 75 feet of 1-inch Schedule 40 pipe at a rate of 100 standard cubic feet per minute (scfm). (Standard Conditions are defined here as: 60 oF and 14.7 psia) Find: The pressure drop in psi and the velocity in ft/min at both upstream and downstream gauges. Solution: Refer to the Table for the Flow of Air through Schedule 40 steel pipe.
Art's Note: 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.)
P =
2.21
psi
for 100 psi, 60 oF air at a flow rate of 100 scfm through 100 ft of 1", Schedule 40 pipe.
P =
2.61
psi
This is the P corrected for length, pressure, & temperature.
q'm =
100
scfm
The air flow measured at Std. conditions
qm(1) =
20.2
acfm
The air flow measured at 65 psig & 110 oF (Upstream)
qm(2) =
20.9
acfm
The air flow measured at (65 - 2.61) psig & 110 oF (Downstream)
V =
3,369
ft/min
Mean air velocity at upstream conditions
V =
3,483
ft/min
Mean air velocity at downstream conditions
Standard Conditions were not defined for this problem. This should be mandatory. The 65 psig pressure is not defined as to location; it was assumed that this is the initial pressure. Note that it is not mentioned that it is assumed that the temperature stays constant (Isothermal). Since the pressure drop is less than 10% of the initial pressure, the conventional Darcy equation could have been used to calculate the pressure drop:
( 0 .000000359 ) f L ρ V 2 ΔP= psi d
where, f L V d
= = = = =
the friction factor for flow in the 1" pipe the 100 feet of 1" pipe the density of the air, lb/ft3, at the initial conditions the mean air velocity at the initial conditions the internal diameter of the 1" pipe.
Note that the Reynolds Number would also have to be calculated to obtain f; this means that the viscosity of the air at the initial conditions would also have to be known. The density of air at standard conditions would have to be known in order to find the mass of air flowing. This mass air flow is constant, so the volumetric flow can be calculated using the density values at the initial as well as at the final points. The air tables have already taken the air density into consideration and this is the reason they are useful for calculating this type of problem.
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Art Montemayor Example 4-17 (18th printing)
Given: Crude oil with 30 degrees API at 15.6 oC with a viscosity of 75 Universal Saybolt seconds is being pumped through a 12-inch Schedule 30 steel pipe at a rate of 1,900 barrels per hour. The pipe line is 50 miles long with discharge at an elevation of 2,000 feet above the pump inlet. Assume the pump has an efficiency of 67%. Find: The brake horsepower of the pump. Solution:
ΔP=( 0 . 0001058 )
f LρB d5
2
Bρ dμ 144 Δ P h L= ρ Re=35. 4
brake horsepower= t = L = = S B = d = = h =
15.6 50 54.65 0.8762 1,900 12.090 14.2 2,000
C = miles = lb/ft3
QH ρ 247 , 000 e P
60.1 oF 264,050 ft
o
Temperature of the crude oil; it remains constant This is the degrees API converted to density This is the density converted to Specific Gravity
bbls/hr = inches cP feet
1,330 gpm This is the kinematic viscosity converted to absolute viscosity This is the height that the crude is elevated by the pump
Re =
21,442
This Reynolds Number identifies the flow as in the Transition Zone.
f =
0.025
This is the friction factor as read from the Moody Chart
P =
533
hL = H =
psi
This is the oil's pressure drop over 50 miles of pipeline
1,406
ft
This is the pressure drop converted to head loss
3,406
ft
This is the total head developed by the pump to pump the oil for 50 miles and raise it to an elevation of 2,000 feet.
The pump's Brake Horsepower =
1,496
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Art Montemayor Example 4-18 (18th printing)
Given: A 14-inch, Schedule 20, natural gas pipe line is 100 miles long. The inlet pressure is 1,300 psia, the outlet pressure is 300 psia, and the average temperature is 40 oF. The gas analysis is 75% CH4, 21% C2H6, and 4% C3H8. Find: The flowrate in millions of standard cubic feet per day (MMscfd). Solution: (Art's Note: First and foremost, note that the basis of the gas composition is totally lacking; this is a gross error on the part of any engineer. Without a basis, this problem can't be solved. A mole % basis is therefore assumed. This is the same as a volumetric basis.) Three solutions to this example are presented for the purpose of illustrating the variations in results obtained by use of: 1. the Simplified Compressible Flow forumula; 2. the Weymouth formula; and, 3. the Panhandle formula. Simplified Compressible Flow forumula
q'h=114 . 2
√[
2
( P'1) − ( P'2)
2
f Lm T S g
]
d5
0 . 482 q 'h S g Re= dμ d = = f =
13.376 inches 0.011 cP 0.0128
T = P'1 =
500 oR 1,300 psia
P'2 =
300 psia
(final pipeline pressure)
Lm =
100 miles
(pipeline length)
(the absolute gas temperature) (initial pipeline pressure)
Component molecular weight CH4 16 C2H6
(the pipeline internal diameter) (absolute viscosity estimated from gas graphs) (assumed friction factor for fully turbulent flow; from the Moody Chart)
30
mole %
MW x mole frac.
75
12.00
21
6.30
C3H8
44 4 Mixture Molecular Weight =
1.76 20.06
The Specific Gravity of gases is defined as the ratio of the molecular weight of the gas to that of air. MW(air) =
28.964
Sg =
0.693 q'h =
4,489,682 scfh =
107.8
MMscfd
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Re = 10,186,290 f =
0.0128
This Reynolds Number identifies the flow as fully turbulent This friction factor is equal to that of the assumed
Since the assumed friction factor is correct, the correct flow rate is that calculated. Note that if the assumed friction factor were found to be incorrect, it would have necessary to repeat the exercise with a new assumption until the assumed friction factor was in reasonable agreement with that based upon ithe calculated Reynolds Number.
Weymouth formula
q'h=28. 0 d 2. 667 q'h =
√[
4,379,360 scfh =
S g Lm
(] 520T )
105.1
MMscfd
2
2
( P'1 ) −( P'2 )
Panhandle formula
q'h=36 . 8 E d 2. 6182 E =
0.92 q'h =
[
2
( P'1 ) −( P'2 ) Lm
2 0 .5394
]
Assume a flow efficiency for average operation conditions 5,575,520 scfh =
133.8
MMscfd
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Art Montemayor Example 4-19 (18th printing)
Given: Water at 60 oF is flowing from a reservoir through the piping system below. The reservoir has a constant head of 11.5 feet. Find: The flow rate in gallons per minute. Solution:
Q=19 . 65 d 2
50.6 Q ρ Re= dμ K = K = K1 = K =
0.5 60 fT
√
hL
3" Std. gate valve; wide open
K 11.5'
2" Sch 40 Pipe
K for the Mitre elbow K for the gate valve K for straight pipe runs
f (L/D)
2 0. 5 ( 1−β ) K 2= β4
d1
1/4
This is the K for the exit from the 2" pipe in terms of the 3" pipe
11.5 ft of water
the head above the water outlet
3.068 inches
the large pipe inside diameter
d2 =
2.067 inches
the smaller pipe inside diameter
fT = =
1.1211 cP 62.371 lb/ft3
the absolute viscosity of water at 60 oF the density of water at 60 oF
0.018
the friction factor for fully turbulent flow in the 3" pipe
0.019 0.67
the friction factor for fully turbulent flow in the 2" pipe this is the Beta ratio between the two pipes
K = K = K1 = K K K K2
= = = =
K (Total) = Q =
20'
This is K for the 2" pipe in terms of the 3" pipe
d1 = = = fT =
10'
This is the K for the sudden contraction between the 3" and 2" pipes
f L D β4 K =
hL =
3" Sch 40 Pipe
K for entrance loss
8 fT
K=
Water @ 60o F
0.50 1.08
This K is for the water entering from the tank into the outlet This K is for the 3" mitered elbow
0.14 0.70 10.71 4.85
This K is for the 3" gate valve This K is for the 10' of 3" pipe This K is for the 20' of 2" pipe in terms of the 3" pipe This K is for the 2" exit in terms of the 3" pipe
1.33 19.31
This K is for the sudden contraction from 3" to 2" This is the Total K for the system
143
gpm
This solution has assumed the pipe flow is in the fully turbulent zone and has used the corresponding f T to calculate the individual pipe Ks.
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Art Montemayor
In order to verify that the pipe flow is verily in the fully turbulent zone, the Reynolds Numbers must be calculated and the corresponding friction factors found and compared with the f T used. Re = f =
130,953 0.020
This is the Reynolds Number for the 3" pipe This is the friction factor for flow in the 3" pipe
Re = f =
194,371 0.021
This is the Reynolds Number for the 2" pipe This is the friction factor for flow in the 2" pipe
The friction factors used for the straight pipe are not in agreement with the fully turbulent flow values used in obtaining the approximate flow rate. Therefore, the K factors for the two pipes should be corrected accordingly: K =
0.78
This corrected K is for the 10' of 3" pipe
K =
11.83
This corrected K is for the 20' of 2" pipe in terms of the 3" pipe
K (Total) =
20.52
This is the corrected Total K for the system
Q =
138
gpm
This the correct solution.
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Art Montemayor Example 4-20 (18th printing)
Given: A header with 170 psia saturated steam is feeding a pulp stock digester through 30 feet of 2-inch Schedule 40 pipe which includes one standard 90 degree elbow and a fully-open conventional plug type disc globe valve. The initial pressure in the digester is atmospheric. Find: The initial flow rate in pounds per hour, using both the modified Darcy formula and the sonic velocity and continuity equations. Solution: Using the Modified Darcy Formula
W=1891 Y d 2 L K=f D K = K = K1 = K =
√
ΔP K V¯
0.5
20' Spherical Digester @ 14.7 psia
K for Entrance from header
30 fT
K for 2", 90o Elbow
340 fT
K for 2" globe valve K for exit from 2" pipe into digester
1.0
10'
k = Cp/Cv = 1.297 Ratio of specific heats for saturated steam vapor; from tabular data d = 2.067 inches Internal diameter of 2" pipe 30 ft Straight length of 2" pipe V¯ =L = 2.6748 ft3/lb fT = g =
0.019 32.20 ft/sec2 K = K = K1 =
Specific volume of saturated steam at 170 psia The friction factor for fully turbulent flow in the 2" pipe The acceleration of gravity
0.50 0.57
This is the K for the header steam entering the 2" pipe This is the K for the 2", 90o elbow
K = K = K (Total) =
6.46 1.00 3.31 11.84
This is the K for the 2" globe valve, fully opened This is the K for the steam exiting the 2" pipe and entering the digester This is the K for the 2" pipe (assumed @ fully turbulent flow) This is the total K for the system (assuming fully turbulent flow)
P/P1 =
0.914
This is the ratio of the overall pressure drop to the initial pressure
From tabular data, it is seen that the maximum P/P1 for sonic flow to exist is 0.785 when the system K = 11.84. This means that, since this value is less than the calculated P/P1, sonic ("choked") flow is taking place at the end of the 2" pipe as it enters the digester. Therefore, the pressure drop for these flow conditions is: P =
133.5
Y =
0.710
W =
11,776
psi
This is the pressure drop that is fixed by the steam sonic flow Y net expansion factor for adiabatic flow (isenthalpic expansion) and used to compensate for the changes in fluid properties due to fluid expansion.
lb/hr
This is the steam flow rate occurring at sonic conditions and is
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the maximum mass flow rate that can occur under these pressure conditions.
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Using Sonic Velocity and Continuity' Equations
v S =√ 144 g k P2 V¯ 2
This is the sonic velocity for an expanded gas
vd W= 0 .0509 V¯
This is the Continuity equation
P'1 = P =
170 133.5
hg =
1,197.2
P'2 =
36.6
psia psi
The initial saturated steam pressure The pressure drop @ sonic conditions as developed above
btu/lb
The enthalpy of the saturated steam entering the 2" pipe
psia
This is the final (maximum) pressure that will yield sonic flow; constant, sonic flow will continue even though the final pressure is dropped to a lower value - such as 14.7 psia.
The steam expansion that takes place across the globe valve is assumed to be adiabatic and, therefore, the enthalpy conditions are equal on both sides of the valve - H = 0.0. Therefore, hg =
1,197.2
btu/lb
The enthalpy of the saturated steam exiting the 2" pipe; This is the same as the steam entering the pipe (H = 0) The enthalpy of the saturated steam exiting the 2" pipe;
12.425
ft3/lb
This is the steam's specific volume at 36.6 psia and H= 1,197.2 but/lb
V¯ =
The resulting temperature = 317 oF and superheated. vS =
1,653
ft/sec
W =
11,164
lb/hr
This is the steam's sonic velocity 36.6 psia and 317 oF
Art's Note: The problem asks for "the initial flow rate"; the P has been calculated assuming that 36.6 psia is the downstream pressure when the initial downstream pressure will be, by definition, 14.7 psia.
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Art Montemayor Example 4-21 (18th printing)
Given: Coke oven gas with a specific gravity of 0.42, a header pressure of 125 psig, and a temperature of 140 oF is flowing through 20 feet of 3-inch Schedule 40 pipe before discharging to atmosphere. Assume that the gas's ratio of specific heats, k = 1.4. Find: The flow rate in standard cubic feet per hour (scfh). Solution:
q'h=40 , 700 K=f P'1 = f = fT =
Yd
L D
2
√
139.7 psia
125 psig
header absolute pressure
0.0175
d = Sg =
3.068 inches
T1 =
600 R 20 feet
0.42
The Reynolds Number is not necessary to identify f since the discharged gas to the atmosphere will have a very large Re, and flow will always be in the fully turbulent range, in which the friction factor is a horizontal line on the Moody Chart - and constant. the discharge pipe ID the specific gravity of the gas the initial, absolute temperature of the gas in the header. length of 3" discharge pipe
o
L =
'
ΔP P1 K T 1 Sg
K = K = K = K (Total) =
0.5 1.369 1.0 2.87
This is the entrance loss K This is the 3" pipe K This is the K for the exit loss out of the 3" pipe This is the K for the Total System
P/P'1 =
0.895
This is the ratio of the overall pressure drop to the initial pressure
From tabular data, it is seen that the maximum P/P1 for sonic flow to exist is 0.657 when the system K = 2.87. Since the indicated P/P'1 is less than that calculated above, sonic velocity occurs at the end of the 3" pipe and the P for the corresponding flow equation is: P =
91.8 Y =
0.637
q'h =
1,027,686
psi Interpolated from the tabulated data for Y scfh
gas flow rate measured at 60 oF & 14.7 psia
Page 38 of 299
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-21
September 30, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor
Source:
http://www.cheresources.com/indexzz.shtml
Sonic Flow, Crane TP-410 example 4-21 Taran Baker Dec 1 2004
My question concerns sonic gas flow from a pipe. Example 4-21 (pg 4-14) of Crane TP-410 includes an exit loss when calculating the equivalent length of pipe. However, I struggle to comprehend why this is required. If we are including an exit loss, aren't we saying that the flow is choked not at the end of the pipe, but some distance from the pipe discharge? The reason I am asking is that I am trying to calculate the reaction force from a pipeline vent. As such, I require the choked pressure at the end of the vent pipe. My gut feeling tells me that I shouldn't include an exit loss. Any assistance with this would be most appreciated.
rxnarang
In adibatic flow of gas through a conduit of constant cross section, the sonic velocity is always reached at the end of the pipe. You are correct. However, there is always energy loss involved due to friction, including entrance and exit losses, which are a form of energy loss. All these energy losses influence the energy profile of the fluid. Given that sonic velocity occurs at the end of the line, higher the losses, lesser the amount of fluid flow. Hence, taking the exit losses into account is important, as it will influence the amount of fluid which can flow in the pipe. Crane Example 4-21 is correct in computing all the losses which occur. Hope this helps. Regards
Page 39 of 299
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-21
September 30, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor Example 4-22 (18th printing)
Given: Air at a pressure of 19.3 psig and a temperature of 100 oF is measured at a point 10 feet from the outlet of a 1/2-inch Schedule 80 pipe discharging to atmosphere. Find: The air flow rate in standard cubic feet per minute (scfm). Solution:
q'm=678 K=f P'1 P d fT
= = = =
L = T1 =
Y d
2
√
ΔP P'1 K T 1 Sg
The modified Darcy flow equation for compensating for the change of fluid properties due to free, adiabatic expansion of the fluid.
L D
34.0 psia 19.3 psi 0.546 inches
The initial, absolute pressure in the 1/2" pipe The pressure difference between the pipe initial pressure and atm. The internal diameter of the 1/2" pipe
0.0275 10 ft
The friction factor under fully turbulent flow The straight length of the 1/2" pipe
560 oR
The initial, absolute temperature of the air in the pipe
K = K = K (Total) =
6.04 1.00 7.04
This is the K for the 10 feet of 1/2" pipe This is the K for the pipe exit into the atmosphere This is the Total K for the system
P/P'1 =
0.568
This is the ratio of the overall pressure drop to the initial pressure
Y =
0.76
Y net expansion factor for adiabatic flow (isenthalpic expansion) and used to compensate for the changes in fluid properties due to fluid expansion.
q'm =
62.7
scfm
Art's Note: Note that fully turbulent flow is assumed to be occurring while the 1/2" pipe is venting to atmosphere. While this is more than probable, it hasn't been verified. Sub-sonic air flow is also assumed in this problem. This is another item that hasn't been verified.
Page 40 of 299
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-22
September 30, 2006 Rev: 0
Art Montemayor Example 4-23 (18th printing)
Given: A square-edged orifice with 2.0-inch diameter is installed in a 4-inch Schedule 40 pipe having a mercury manometer connected between taps located 1 diameter upstream and 0.5 diameter downstream. Find:
a) The theoretical calibration constant for the meter when used on 60 oF water and for the flow range where the orifice flow coefficient C is constant. b) The flow rate of 60 oF water when the mercury manometer difference is 4.4 inches.
Solution: Flow
√
ΔP Q=236 d 21 C ρ Re=
The flow equation for an orifice
50 .6 Q ρ dμ
ΔP=
The Reynolds number
Δh m ρ
The differential pressure across the orifice taps
( 12 ) (144 )
hm = the differential head in inches of Mercury (Hg) The weight density of mercury under water =
W (SHg - SW)
W =
62.371 lb/ft3
Density of water at 60 oF
SHg =
13.568
Specific Gravity of Mercury at 60 oF, referred to Water at 60 oF
SW =
1.000
Specific Gravity of Water at 60 oF, referred to Water at 60 oF
Hg =
783.88 lb/ft3
P =
0.454 hm
the differential pressure across the orifice taps
d1 =
2.000 inches
the orifice diameter
d2 = = C =
4.026 inches 0.497 0.625
the pipe's I.D. The ratio of the orifice diameter to the I.D. of the pipe
Q =
50.32 hm)^0.5 This is the calibration constant and solution "a)".
Q = = Re =
106
Density of Mercury underwater
gpm
1.1211 cP 73,800
this is the viscosity of the 60 oF water
The calculated value of C = 0.625 corresponds to the calculated Reynolds Number of 73,800; therefore, the flow rate 106 gpm through the 4" pipe is verified as correct. (this is solution "b)" ) Should the C factor prove to be incorrect for the Reynolds number based on the calculated flow, it must be adjusted by trial-and-error methodology until reasonable agreement is reached.
Page 41 of 299
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Example 4-23
Example 4-24 (18th printing) Given: SAE 10 Lube Oil at 90 oF is flowing through a 3-inch Schedule 40 pipe and produces 0.4 psi pressure differential between the pipe taps of a 2.15-inch I.D. square-edged orifice. Find: The oil flow rate in gallons per minute (gpm). Solution:
Example 4-25 (18th printing) Given: A rectangular concrete overflow aqueduct, 25 feet high and 16.5 feet wide, has an absolute roughness () of 0.01 foot. Refer to the sketch below. Find: The discharge rate in cubic feet per second when the liquid in the reservoir has reached the maximum height indicated in the sketch below. Assume the average water temperature is 60 oF. Solution:
Example 4-26 (18th printing) Given: A cast iron pipe is two-thirds full of steady, uniform flowing water at 60 oF. The pipe has an inside diameter of 24 inches and a slope of 3/4-inch per foot. Note the sketch below. Find: The water flow rate in gallons per minute (gpm). Solution:
Example 4-27 (18th printing) Given: A steam boiler operating at 300 psia has a maximum capacity of 100,000 pounds per hour of saturated steam. Find: The boiler capacity in both kilo Btu per hour and in boiler horsepower. Solution:
Example 4-6 in the 1957 (6th printing) version Given: A 600-pound steel in-line ball check valve is required in a 2-inch pipe line carrying 48 degree API crude oil at 150 oF and a rate of 37 gallons per minute. Find: The proper size check valve and the pressure drop with the valve installed in both vertical and horizontal positions. The valve should be sized so that the disc is fully lifted under normal flow conditions. Solution:
Example 4-7 in the 1957 (6th printing) version Given: Bunker C fuel oil at 90 oF is flowing through a wide open 5-inch, 150-pound steel gate valve at a rate of 400 gallons per minute; the face-to-face dimension of the valve is 10 inches. Find: The pressure drop through the valve. Solution:
Example 4-12 in the 1957 (6th printing) version Given: Saturated steam at 150 psig is flowing through a cylindrical pipe coil, as shown in the sketch below, at a rate of 2,000 pounds per hour. The coil is made of 2-inch Schedule 40 steel pipe. Find: The pressure drop from Point A to Point B. Solution: B 30"
A
3'
Art Montemayor
September 30, 2003 Rev: 0
U.S.A. Pipe Dimensions
Wall Nominal Outside Diameter Thickness Pipe Size Inches Inches Inches
Inside Diameter Functions
Pipe Inside Diameter Inches
Feet
Transverse Internal ("Flow") Area
(in Inches) d2
d3
d4
d5
in2
ft2
Commercial Wrought Steel Pipe Data
14
14
0.250
13.500 1.1250
182.25
2,460.4
33,215.1
448,403.3
143.14
16
16
0.250
15.500 1.2917
240.25
3,723.9
57,720.1
894,661.0
188.69
Although pipe classific found that young engin engineers are both guil 0.994 fitting catalogs like Vog 1.310 catalogs have become a
18
18
0.250
17.500 1.4583
306.25
5,359.4
93,789.1
1,641,308.6
240.53
1.670
20
20
0.250
19.500 1.6250
380.25
7,414.9
144,590.1
2,819,506.2
298.65
2.074 Because I regard this su
24
24
0.250
23.500 1.9583
552.25
12,977.9
304,980.1
7,167,031.5
433.74
3.012 the following explanati
30
30
0.312
29.376 2.4480
862.95
25,350.0
744,681.6 21,875,767.4
677.76
4.707 it with any one else wh
Schedule 30
Schedule 20
Schedule 10
Schedule Wall Thickness - Per ASA B36.10 - 1950
8
8.625
0.250
8.125 0.6771
66.02
536.4
4,358.1
35,409.3
51.85
0.360 Industrial pipe thicknes
10
10.750
0.250
10.250 0.8542
105.06
1,076.9
11,038.1
113,140.8
82.52
0.573 American Standards As
12
12.750
0.250
12.250 1.0208
150.06
1,838.3
22,518.8
275,854.7
117.86
0.818 Eleven schedule numbe
14
14
0.312
13.376
1.1147
178.92
2,393.2
32,011.4
428,184.9
140.52
0.976 schedule, by far, is 40.
16 18
16 18
0.312 0.312
15.376 1.2813 17.376 1.4480
236.42 301.93
3,635.2 5,246.3
55,895.1 91,158.9
859,442.6 1,583,977.6
185.68 237.13
1.289 as a practicing enginee 1.647
20
20
0.375
19.250 1.6042
370.56
7,133.3
137,316.6
2,643,343.9
291.04
2.021
24
24
0.375
23.250 1.9375
540.56
12,568.1
292,207.8
6,793,831.7
424.56
2.948 Where,
30
30
0.500
29.000 2.4167
841.00
24,389.0
707,281.0 20,511,149.0
660.52
4.587
8
8.625
0.277
8.071 0.6726
65.14
525.8
4,243.4
34,248.1
51.16
0.355
10
10.750
0.307
10.136 0.8447
102.74
1,041.4
10,555.2
106,987.5
80.69
0.560 For example, the sched
12 14
12.750 14
0.330 0.375
12.090 1.0075 13.250 1.1042
146.17 175.56
1,767.2 2,326.2
21,365.1 30,822.2
258,304.2 408,394.0
114.80 137.89
0.797 working pressure of 35 0.958
16 18
16 18
0.375 0.438
15.250 1.2708 17.124 1.4270
232.56 293.23
3,546.6 5,021.3
54,085.3 85,984.6
824,801.1 1,472,401.0
182.65 230.30
1.268 1.599
20
20
0.500
19.000 1.5833
361.00
6,859.0
130,321.0
2,476,099.0
283.53
1.969 This would be the prop
24
24
0.562
22.876 1.9063
523.31
11,971.3
273,854.8
6,264,702.3
411.01
2.854 or malleable-iron fittin
30
30
0.625
28.750 2.3958
826.56
23,763.7
683,205.6 19,642,160.0
649.18
4.508 computed value) for iro
1/8
0.405
0.068
0.269 0.0224
0.07
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.06
0.000
1/4
0.540
0.088
0.364 0.0303
0.13
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.10
0.001 For all pipe sizes below
3/8
0.675
0.091
0.493
0.0411
0.24
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.19
0.001 identical with the form
1/2 3/4
0.840 1.050
0.109 0.113
0.622 0.0518 0.824 0.0687
0.39 0.68
0.2 0.6
0.1 0.5
0.1 0.4
0.30 0.53
0.002 pipe, and Sch 160 is th 0.004
Schedule 40
metal lost in cutting the
1
1.315
0.133
1.049 0.0874
1.10
1.2
1.2
1.3
0.86
0.006 Temperature has no dir
5/4
1.660
0.140
1.380
0.1150
1.90
2.6
3.6
5.0
1.50
0.010 allowable stress. Stain
3/2
1.900
0.145
1.610 0.1342
2.59
4.2
6.7
10.8
2.04
0.014 temperatures near the c
2 5/2
2.375 2.875
0.154 0.203
2.067 0.1723 2.469 0.2058
4.27 6.10
8.8 15.1
18.3 37.2
37.7 91.7
3.36 4.79
0.023 I've used the rule of thu 0.033
3
3.500
0.216
3.068 0.2557
9.41
28.9
88.6
271.8
7.39
0.051 I hope this has helped y
7/2
4.000
0.226
3.548 0.2957
12.59
44.7
158.5
562.2
9.89
0.069
4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
4.500 5.563 6.625 8.625 10.750 12.750 14 16 18 20 24
0.237 0.258 0.280 0.322 0.365 0.406 0.438 0.500 0.562 0.593 0.687
16.21 25.47 36.78 63.70 100.40 142.52 172.24 225.00 284.80 353.97 511.94
65.3 128.6 223.1 508.4 1,006.0 1,701.4 2,260.5 3,375.0 4,806.3 6,659.5 11,583.1
262.7 648.8 1,353.1 4,057.2 10,080.2 20,310.8 29,666.4 50,625.0 81,110.7 125,292.4 262,078.3
1,057.7 3,274.7 8,206.4 32,380.7 101,004.0 242,469.9 389,341.9 759,375.0 1,368,823.9 2,357,250.3 5,929,784.5
12.73 20.01 28.89 50.03 78.85 111.93 135.28 176.71 223.68 278.00 402.07
4.026 5.047 6.065 7.981 10.020 11.938 13.124 15.000 16.876 18.814 22.626
0.3355 0.4206 0.5054 0.6651 0.8350 0.9948 1.0937 1.2500 1.4063 1.5678 1.8855
Page 58 of 299
0.088 Art Montemayor 0.139 0.201 0.347 0.548 0.777 0.939 1.227 1.553 1.931 2.792
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Pipe Tables
September 30, 2003 Rev: 0
8.625
0.406
7.813
0.6511
61.04
476.9
3,726.2
29,113.1
47.94
0.333
10.750
0.500
9.750 0.8125
95.06
926.9
9,036.9
88,109.6
74.66
0.518
12
12.750
0.562
11.626 0.9688
135.16
1,571.4
18,269.3
212,398.6
106.16
0.737
14 16
14 16
0.593 0.656
12.814 1.0678 14.688 1.2240
164.20 215.74
2,104.0 3,168.8
26,961.2 46,542.6
345,480.5 683,617.7
128.96 169.44
0.896 1.177
18 20
18 20
0.750 0.812
16.500 1.3750 18.376 1.5313
272.25 337.68
4,492.1 6,205.2
74,120.1 114,026.0
1,222,981.0 2,095,342.0
213.82 265.21
1.485 1.842
24
24
0.968
22.064 1.8387
486.82
10,741.2
236,993.8
5,229,031.3
382.35
2.655
1/8 1/4
0.405 0.540
0.095 0.119
0.215 0.0179 0.302 0.0252
0.0462 0.0912
0.0099 0.0275
0.0021 0.0083
0.0005 0.0025
0.036 0.072
0.0003 0.0005
3/8 1/2
0.675 0.840
0.126 0.147
0.423 0.0353 0.546 0.0455
0.1789 0.2981
0.0757 0.1628
0.0320 0.0889
0.0135 0.0485
0.141 0.234
0.0010 0.0016
3/4 1
1.050 1.315
0.154 0.179
0.742 0.0618 0.957 0.0798
0.5506 0.9158
0.4085 0.8765
0.3031 0.8388
0.2249 0.8027
0.432 0.719
0.0030 0.0050
5/4 3/2
1.660 1.900
0.191 0.200
1.278 0.1065 1.500 0.1250
1.6333 2.2500
2.0873 3.3750
2.6676 5.0625
3.4092 7.5938
1.283 1.767
0.0089 0.0123
2 5/2
2.375 2.875
0.218 0.276
1.939 0.1616 2.323 0.1936
3.7597 5.3963
7.2901 12.5357
14.1355 29.1204
27.4087 67.6466
2.953 4.238
0.0205 0.0294
3 7/2
3.500 4.000
0.300 0.318
2.900 0.2417 3.364 0.2803
8.4100 11.32
24.3890 38.069
70.7281 128.1
205.1115 430.8
6.605 8.888
0.0459 0.0617
4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
4.500 5.563 6.625 8.625 10.750 12.750 14 16 18 20 24
0.337 0.375 0.432 0.500 0.593 0.687 0.750 0.843 0.937 1.031 1.218
3.826 4.813 5.761 7.625 9.564 11.376 12.500 14.314 16.126 17.938 21.564
0.3188 0.4011 0.4801 0.6354 0.7970 0.9480 1.0417 1.1928 1.3438 1.4948 1.7970
14.64 23.16 33.19 58.14 91.47 129.41 156.25 204.89 260.05 321.77 465.01
56.0 111.5 191.2 443.3 874.8 1,472.2 1,953.1 2,932.8 4,193.5 5,771.9 10,027.4
214.3 536.6 1,101.5 3,380.3 8,366.8 16,747.8 24,414.1 41,980.2 67,624.9 103,537.1 216,230.7
819.8 2,582.7 6,345.8 25,775.0 80,019.9 190,523.2 305,175.8 600,904.0 1,090,519.1 1,857,248.9 4,662,798.2
11.497 18.194 26.07 45.66 71.84 101.64 122.72 160.92 204.24 252.72 365.21
0.0798 0.1263 0.1810 0.3171 0.4989 0.7058 0.8522 1.118 1.418 1.755 2.536
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
8.625 10.750 12.750 14 16 18 20 24
0.593 0.718 0.843 0.937 1.031 1.156 1.281 1.531
7.439 9.314 11.064 12.126 13.938 15.688 17.438 20.938
0.6199 0.77617 0.922 1.0105 1.1615 1.30733 1.45317 1.74483
55.34 86.750596 122.4121 147.03988 194.26784 246.11334 304.08384 438.39984
411.7 807.99505 1354.3674 1783.0055 2707.7052 3861.0261 5302.6141 9179.2159
3,062.4 7525.66591 14984.7212 21620.7251 37739.9952 60571.7781 92466.9842 192194.423
22,781.0 70094.05225 165790.9559 262172.913 526020.0533 950250.0548 1612439.27 4024166.833
43.46 68.133759 96.142235 115.48485 152.57761 193.29697 238.82689 344.31843
0.302 0.4731511 0.6676544 0.8019781 1.0595667 1.3423401 1.6585201 2.3911002
4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
4.500 5.563 6.625 8.625 10.750 12.750 14 16 18 20 24
0.438 0.500 0.562 0.718 0.843 1.000 1.093 1.218 1.375 1.500 1.812
3.624 4.563 5.501 7.189 9.064 10.750 11.814 13.564 15.250 17.000 20.376
0.3020 0.3803 0.4584 0.5991 0.7553 0.8958 0.9845 1.1303 1.2708 1.4167 1.6980
13.13 20.82 30.26 51.68 82.16 115.56 139.57 183.98 232.56 289.00 415.18
47.6 95.0 166.5 371.5 744.7 1,242.3 1,648.9 2,495.5 3,546.6 4,913.0 8,459.7
172.5 433.5 915.7 2,671.0 6,749.6 13,354.7 19,480.0 33,849.4 54,085.3 83,521.0 172,375.6
625.1 1,978.1 5,037.4 19,201.8 61,178.6 143,562.9 230,136.1 459,133.4 824,801.1 1,419,857.0 3,512,324.7
10.31 16.35 23.77 40.59 64.53 90.76 109.62 144.50 182.65 226.98 326.08
0.072 0.114 0.165 0.282 0.448 0.630 0.761 1.003 1.268 1.576 2.264
Schedule 80
Schedule 60
8 10
Schedule 100
U.S.A. Pipe Dimensions
Schedule 120
Art Montemayor
Page 59 of 299
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Pipe Tables
September 30, 2003 Rev: 0
Schedule 140
U.S.A. Pipe Dimensions
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
8.625 10.750 12.750 14 16 18 20 24
0.812 1.000 1.125 1.250 1.438 1.562 1.750 2.062
7.001 8.750 10.500 11.500 13.124 14.876 16.500 19.876
0.5834 0.7292 0.8750 0.9583 1.0937 1.2397 1.3750 1.6563
49.01 76.56 110.25 132.25 172.24 221.30 272.25 395.06
343.1 669.9 1,157.6 1,520.9 2,260.5 3,292.0 4,492.1 7,852.1
2,402.4 5,861.8 12,155.1 17,490.1 29,666.4 48,971.6 74,120.1 156,068.8
16,819.0 51,290.9 127,628.2 201,135.7 389,341.9 728,502.2 1,222,981.0 3,102,022.5
38.50 60.13 86.59 103.87 135.28 173.80 213.82 310.28
0.267 0.418 0.601 0.721 0.939 1.207 1.485 2.155
Schedule 160
Art Montemayor
1/2 3/4 1 5/4 3/2 2 5/2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
0.840 1.050 1.315 1.660 1.900 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.500 5.563 6.625 8.625 10.750 12.750 14 16 18 20 24
0.187 0.218 0.250 0.250 0.281 0.343 0.375 0.438 0.531 0.625 0.718 0.906 1.125 1.312 1.406 1.593 1.781 1.968 2.343
0.466 0.614 0.815 1.160 1.338 1.689 2.125 2.624 3.438 4.313 5.189 6.813 8.500 10.126 11.188 12.814 14.438 16.064 19.314
0.0388 0.0512 0.0679 0.0967 0.1115 0.1408 0.1771 0.2187 0.2865 0.3594 0.4324 0.5678 0.7083 0.8438 0.9323 1.0678 1.2032 1.3387 1.6095
0.22 0.38 0.66 1.35 1.79 2.85 4.52 6.89 11.82 18.60 26.93 46.42 72.25 102.54 125.17 164.20 208.46 258.05 373.03
0.1 0.2 0.5 1.6 2.4 4.8 9.6 18.1 40.6 80.2 139.7 316.2 614.1 1,038.3 1,400.4 2,104.0 3,009.7 4,145.3 7,204.7
0.0 0.1 0.4 1.8 3.2 8.1 20.4 47.4 139.7 346.0 725.0 2,154.5 5,220.1 10,513.6 15,667.9 26,961.2 43,453.8 66,590.9 139,151.8
0.0 0.1 0.4 2.1 4.3 13.7 43.3 124.4 480.3 1,492.4 3,762.0 14,678.8 44,370.5 106,460.8 175,292.1 345,480.5 627,386.5 1,069,716.0 2,687,578.4
0.17 0.30 0.52 1.06 1.41 2.24 3.55 5.41 9.28 14.61 21.15 36.46 56.75 80.53 98.31 128.96 163.72 202.67 292.98
0.001 0.002 0.004 0.007 0.010 0.016 0.025 0.038 0.064 0.101 0.147 0.253 0.394 0.559 0.683 0.896 1.137 1.407 2.035
0.0014 0.0064 0.0291 0.0931 0.3799 1.270 5.005 10.818 37.731 91.750 271.8 562.2 1,057.7 3,274.7 8,206.4 34,248.1 32,380.7 109,975.8 106,987.5 101,004.0 258,304.2 248,832.0
0.0568 0.1041 0.1909 0.3039 0.5333 0.864 1.496 2.036 3.356 4.788 7.393 9.887 12.730 20.006 28.890 51.162 50.027 81.585 80.691 78.854 114.80 113.10
0.0004 0.0007 0.0013 0.0021 0.0037 0.0060 0.0104 0.0141 0.0233 0.0332 0.0513 0.0687 0.0884 0.1389 0.2006 0.3553 0.3474 0.5666 0.5604 0.5476 0.7972 0.7854
Standard Wall Pipe (Similar to Schedule 40) 1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 5/4 3/2 2 5/2 3 7/2 4 5 6 8 10 12
0.405 0.540 0.675 0.840 1.050 1.315 1.660 1.900 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.563 6.625 8.625 8.625S 10.75 10.75 10.75S 12.75 12.75S
0.068 0.088 0.091 0.109 0.113 0.133 0.140 0.145 0.154 0.203 0.216 0.226 0.237 0.258 0.280 0.277 0.322 0.279 0.307 0.365 0.330 0.375
0.269 0.364 0.493 0.622 0.824 1.049 1.380 1.610 2.067 2.469 3.068 3.548 4.026 5.047 6.065 8.071 7.981 10.192 10.136 10.020 12.090 12.000
0.0224 0.0303 0.0411 0.0518 0.0687 0.0874 0.1150 0.1342 0.1723 0.2058 0.2557 0.2957 0.3355 0.4206 0.5054 0.6726 0.6651 0.8493 0.8447 0.8350 1.0075 1.0000
0.0724 0.1325 0.2430 0.3869 0.6790 1.100 1.904 2.592 4.272 6.096 9.41 12.59 16.21 25.47 36.78 65.14 63.70 103.88 102.74 100.40 146.17 144.00
0.0195 0.0482 0.1198 0.2406 0.5595 1.154 2.628 4.173 8.831 15.051 28.9 44.7 65.3 128.6 223.1 525.8 508.4 1,058.7 1,041.4 1,006.0 1,767.2 1,728.0
Page 60 of 299
0.0052 0.0176 0.0591 0.1497 0.4610 1.211 3.627 6.719 18.254 37.161 88.6 158.5 262.7 648.8 1,353.1 4,243.4 4,057.2 10,790.4 10,555.2 10,080.2 21,365.1 20,736.0
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Pipe Tables
Art Montemayor
September 30, 2003 Rev: 0
U.S.A. Pipe Dimensions
Extra Strong Wall Pipe (Similar to Schedule 80) 1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 5/4 3/2 2 5/2 3 7/2 4 5 6 8 10 12
0.405 0.540 0.675 0.840 1.050 1.315 1.660 1.900 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.563 6.625 8.625 10.75 12.75
0.095 0.119 0.126 0.147 0.154 0.179 0.191 0.200 0.218 0.276 0.300 0.318 0.337 0.375 0.432 0.500 0.500 0.500
0.215 0.302 0.423 0.546 0.742 0.957 1.278 1.500 1.939 2.323 2.900 3.364 3.826 4.813 5.761 7.625 9.750 11.750
0.0179 0.0252 0.0353 0.0455 0.0618 0.0798 0.1065 0.1250 0.1616 0.1936 0.2417 0.2803 0.3188 0.4011 0.4801 0.6354 0.8125 0.9792
0.0462 0.0912 0.1789 0.2981 0.5506 0.916 1.633 2.250 3.760 5.396 8.41 11.32 14.64 23.16 33.19 58.14 95.06 138.06
0.0099 0.0275 0.0757 0.1628 0.4085 0.876 2.087 3.375 7.290 12.536 24.4 38.1 56.0 111.5 191.2 443.3 926.9 1,622.2
0.0021 0.0083 0.0320 0.0889 0.3031 0.839 2.668 5.063 14.136 29.120 70.7 128.1 214.3 536.6 1,101.5 3,380.3 9,036.9 19,061.3
0.0005 0.0025 0.0135 0.0485 0.2249 0.803 3.409 7.594 27.409 67.647 205.1 430.8 819.8 2,582.7 6,345.8 25,775.0 88,109.6 223,969.7
0.0363 0.0716 0.1405 0.2341 0.4324 0.719 1.283 1.767 2.953 4.238 6.605 8.888 11.497 18.194 26.067 45.664 74.662 108.43
0.0003 0.0005 0.0010 0.0016 0.0030 0.0050 0.0089 0.0123 0.0205 0.0294 0.0459 0.0617 0.0798 0.1263 0.1810 0.3171 0.5185 0.7530
0.0010 0.0154 0.077 0.577 1.611 7.670 17.422 64.4 151.1 311.1 1,107.2 2,816.1 15,359.0
0.0499 0.1479 0.282 0.631 0.950 1.774 2.463 4.155 5.845 7.803 12.965 18.834 37.122
0.0003 0.0010 0.0020 0.0044 0.0066 0.0123 0.0171 0.0289 0.0406 0.0542 0.0900 0.1308 0.2578
0.1804 0.6591 2.337 8.384 17.373 57.027 145.897 411.9 828.4 1,529.1 4,362.5 10,796.3 41,995.7 126,537.9 297,682.1
0.3959 0.6648 1.103 1.839 2.461 3.958 5.764 8.730 11.545 14.753 22.438 32.240 55.510 86.294 121.50
0.0027 0.0046 0.0077 0.0128 0.0171 0.0275 0.0400 0.0606 0.0802 0.1024 0.1558 0.2239 0.3855 0.5993 0.8438
Double Extra Strong Wall Pipe (Similar to Schedules > 80) 1/2 3/4 1 5/4 3/2 2 5/2 3 7/2 4 5 6 8
0.840 1.050 1.315 1.660 1.900 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.563 6.625 8.625
0.294 0.308 0.358 0.382 0.400 0.436 0.552 0.600 0.636 0.674 0.750 0.864 0.875
0.252 0.434 0.599 0.896 1.100 1.503 1.771 2.300 2.728 3.152 4.063 4.897 6.875
0.0210 0.0362 0.0499 0.0747 0.0917 0.1253 0.1476 0.1917 0.2273 0.2627 0.3386 0.4081 0.5729
0.0635 0.1884 0.359 0.803 1.210 2.259 3.136 5.29 7.44 9.94 16.51 23.98 47.27
0.0160 0.0817 0.215 0.719 1.331 3.395 5.555 12.2 20.3 31.3 67.1 117.4 325.0
0.0040 0.0355 0.129 0.645 1.464 5.103 9.837 28.0 55.4 98.7 272.5 575.1 2,234.0
Stainless Steel Pipe (Schedule 5S) 1/2 3/4 1 5/4 3/2 2 5/2 3 7/2 4 5 6 8 10 12
0.840 1.050 1.315 1.660 1.900 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.563 6.625 8.625 10.75 12.75
0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.065 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.083 0.109 0.109 0.109 0.134 0.156
0.710 0.920 1.185 1.530 1.770 2.245 2.709 3.334 3.834 4.334 5.345 6.407 8.407 10.482 12.438
0.0592 0.0767 0.0988 0.1275 0.1475 0.1871 0.2258 0.2778 0.3195 0.3612 0.4454 0.5339 0.7006 0.8735 1.0365
0.5041 0.8464 1.404 2.341 3.133 5.040 7.339 11.12 14.70 18.78 28.57 41.05 70.68 109.87 154.70
0.3579 0.7787 1.664 3.582 5.545 11.315 19.880 37.1 56.4 81.4 152.7 263.0 594.2 1,151.7 1,924.2
Page 61 of 299
0.2541 0.7164 1.972 5.480 9.815 25.402 53.856 123.6 216.1 352.8 816.2 1,685.1 4,995.3 12,071.9 23,933.3
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Pipe Tables
Art Montemayor
September 30, 2003 Rev: 0
U.S.A. Pipe Dimensions
Stainless Steel Pipe (Schedule 10S) 1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 5/4 3/2 2 5/2 3 7/2 4 5 6 8 10 12
0.405 0.540 0.675 0.840 1.050 1.315 1.660 1.900 2.375 2.875 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.563 6.625 8.625 10.75 12.75
0.049 0.065 0.065 0.083 0.083 0.109 0.109 0.109 0.109 0.120 0.120 0.120 0.120 0.134 0.134 0.148 0.165 0.180
0.307 0.410 0.545 0.674 0.884 1.097 1.442 1.682 2.157 2.635 3.260 3.760 4.260 5.295 6.357 8.329 10.420 12.390
0.0256 0.0342 0.0454 0.0562 0.0737 0.0914 0.1202 0.1402 0.1798 0.2196 0.2717 0.3133 0.3550 0.4413 0.5298 0.6941 0.8683 1.0325
0.0942 0.1681 0.2970 0.4543 0.7815 1.203 2.079 2.829 4.653 6.943 10.63 14.14 18.15 28.04 40.41 69.37 108.58 153.51
0.0289 0.0689 0.1619 0.3062 0.6908 1.320 2.998 4.759 10.036 18.295 34.6 53.2 77.3 148.5 256.9 577.8 1,131.4 1,902.0
0.0089 0.0283 0.0882 0.2064 0.6107 1.448 4.324 8.004 21.647 48.208 112.9 199.9 329.3 786.1 1,633.1 4,812.5 11,788.8 23,566.0
0.0027 0.0116 0.0481 0.1391 0.5398 1.589 6.235 13.463 46.693 127.029 368.2 751.5 1,403.0 4,162.3 10,381.5 40,083.4 122,839.7 291,982.3
0.0740 0.1320 0.2333 0.3568 0.6138 0.945 1.633 2.222 3.654 5.453 8.347 11.104 14.253 22.020 31.739 54.485 85.276 120.57
0.0005 0.0009 0.0016 0.0025 0.0043 0.0066 0.0113 0.0154 0.0254 0.0379 0.0580 0.0771 0.0990 0.1529 0.2204 0.3784 0.5922 0.8373
Note: Stainless Steel Pipe Schedule 40S values are the same, size for size, as those shown above on the Standard Wall Pipe Table (heaviest weight on 8, 10, and 12-inch sizes). Stainless Steel Pipe Schedule 80S values are the same, size for size, as those shown above on the Extra Strong Pipe Table.
Page 62 of 299
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Pipe Tables
Art Montemayor
U.S.A. Pipe Dimensions
September 30, 2003 Rev: 0
May 8, 2003
Although pipe classification is common knowledge that is taken for granted among a lot of us old engineers, I have found that young engineers are lacking this information because both academic professors and we experienced engineers are both guilty of not passing on the information which used to be common and available when piping and fitting catalogs like Vogt, Tube Turns, Walworth, etc. used to be freely available to us. Now, these valuable free catalogs have become a thing of the past… Because I regard this subject as very basic and important for all engineers to dominate, some years back I prepared the following explanation for young engineers working under me and with me in plant projects. I would like to share it with any one else who hasn't had the opportunity to find out this logical explanation of how pipe is classified. Industrial pipe thicknesses follow a set formula, expressed as the “schedule number” as established by the American Standards Association (ASA) now re-organized as ANSI - the American National Standards Institute. Eleven schedule numbers are available for use: 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, & 160. The most popular schedule, by far, is 40. Sch 5, 60, 100, 120, & 140 have rarely, if ever been employed by myself in over 40 years as a practicing engineer. The schedule number is defined as the approximate value of the expression: Schedule Number = (1,000)(P/S) P = the internal working pressure, psig S = the allowable stress (psi) for the material of construction at the conditions of use. For example, the schedule number of ordinary steel pipe having an allowable stress of 10,000 psi for use at a working pressure of 350 psig would be: Schedule Number = (1,000)(350/10,000) = 35 (approx. 40) This would be the proper schedule for welded joints and steel fittings but not for threaded connections and cast-iron or malleable-iron fittings. In practice, schedule 40 would be used for welded construction and Sch 80 (about 2x the computed value) for iron fittings. The higher schedule is required because of weaknesses in the iron fittings and the metal lost in cutting the threads. For all pipe sizes below 10", Sch 40 pipe is identical with what was once called “standard” pipe, and Sch 80 is identical with the former “extra-strong” pipe. There is no equivalent schedule number for “double-extra-strong” pipe, and Sch 160 is the only other weight in which pipe smaller than 4" is available. Temperature has no direct bearing on the schedule, except as it either weakens (or strengthens) the material's allowable stress. Stainless steels (304ELC & 316ELC), for example, yield a stronger allowable stress at the low temperatures near the cryogenic zone (-50 to -150 oF). Copper and Brass also exhibit the same behavior. I've used the rule of thumb that the softer the metal, the stronger it is at the lower temperatures. I hope this has helped you in explaining how pipe is classified. Art Montemayor
Page 63 of 299
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Pipe Tables
Art Montemayor
U.S.A. Pipe Dimensions
Page 64 of 299
September 30, 2003 Rev: 0
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Pipe Tables
Art Montemayor
U.S.A. Pipe Dimensions
Page 65 of 299
September 30, 2003 Rev: 0
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Pipe Tables
Art Montemayor
U.S.A. Pipe Dimensions
Page 66 of 299
September 30, 2003 Rev: 0
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Pipe Tables
Art Montemayor
U.S.A. Pipe Dimensions
Page 67 of 299
September 30, 2003 Rev: 0
FileName: 346446679.xls WorkSheet: Pipe Tables
Nominal Pipe Size:
Water Flowrate V CFS GPM 0.0000446 0.02 0.0000891 0.04 0.0001114 0.05 0.0001337 0.06 0.0001782 0.08 0.0002228 0.10
1/8 Inch Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 0.2690 inches (/D) = 0.006690 ft/sec 0.113 0.226 0.282 0.339 0.452 0.565
1/4 Inch Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 0.3640 inches (/D) = 0.004950
V2/2g hf, ft per ft 100' pipe 0.00020 0.272 0.00079 0.543 0.00124 0.00178 0.815 0.00317 1.087 0.00495 1.359
0.677 0.00713 1.630 0.790 0.00971 1.902 0.903 0.01268 2.174 1.016 0.01605 2.445 1.129 0.01981 2.717 Transition To Turbulent Flow 1.411 0.03096 1.694 0.04458 9.7 2.258 0.07925 16.2 2.823 0.12383 24.2 3.387 0.17832 33.8 3.952 0.24271 44.8
V
ft/sec 0.062 0.123 0.154 0.185 0.247 0.308 0.370 0.432 0.493 0.555 0.617
V2/2g hf, ft per ft 100' pipe 0.00006 0.00024 0.00037 0.203 0.00053 0.00095 0.00148 0.405
0.0002674 0.0003119 0.0003565 0.0004010 0.0004456
0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20
0.00213 0.00290 0.00378 0.00479 0.00591
0.000557 0.000668 0.000891 0.00111 0.00134 0.00156
0.25 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
0.00178 0.00201 0.00223 0.00267 0.00312
0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4
4.516 5.081 5.645 6.774 7.903
0.31701 0.40121 0.49533 0.71327 0.97084
57.4 71.6 87.0 122 164
2.466 2.775 3.083 3.700 4.316
0.09455 0.11967 0.14774 0.21274 0.28957
12.7
0.00356 0.00401 0.00446 0.00557 0.00668
1.6 1.8 2.0 2.5 3.0
9.032 10.162 11.291
1.26804 1.60486 1.98130
212 265 324
4.933 5.550 6.166 7.708 9.249
0.37821 0.47867 0.59096 0.92337 1.32965
45.2 56.4 69.0 105 148
0.0078 0.0089 0.0100 0.0111 0.0123
3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
10.791 12.332 13.874 15.416
1.80980 2.36382 2.99171 3.69347
200 259 326 398
0.0134 0.0145 0.0156 0.0167 0.0178
6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0
0.810
0.771 0.00923 1.013 Transition To Turbulent Flow 1.233 0.02364 3.7 1.542 0.03693 1.850 0.05319 7.6 2.158 0.07239
19.1 26.7 35.3
0.0189 0.0201 0.0212 0.0223 0.0245
8.5 9.0 9.5 10 11
0.0267 0.0290 0.0312 0.0334 0.0356
12 13 14 15 16
0.0379 0.0401 0.0423 0.0446 0.0490
17 18 19 20 22
0.0535 0.0579 0.0624 0.0668 0.0713
24 26 28 30 32
0.0758 0.0802 0.0847 0.0891 0.0936
34 36 38 40 42
0.0980 0.1025 0.1069 0.1114 0.123
44 46 48 50 55
0.134 0.145 0.156 0.167 0.178
60 65 70 75 80
0.189 0.201 0.212 0.223 0.245
85 90 95 100 110
0.267 0.290 0.312
120 130 140
0.334 0.356
150 160
0.379 0.401 0.423 0.446 0.490
170 180 190 200 220
0.535 0.579 0.624 0.668 0.780
240 260 280 300 350
0.891 1.003 1.114 1.23 1.34
400 450 500 550 600
1.45 1.56 1.67 1.78 1.89
650 700 750 800 850
2.01 2.12 2.23 2.45 2.67
900 950 1,000 1,100 1,200
2.90 3.12 3.34 3.56 3.79
1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700
4.01 4.23 4.46 4.68 4.90
1,800 1,900 2,000 2,100 2,200
5.12 5.35 5.57 5.79 6.02
2,300 2,400 2,500 2,600 2,700
6.24
2,800
6.46 6.68 6.91 7.13
2,900 3,000 3,100 3,200
7.35 7.58 7.80 8.02 8.24
3,300 3,400 3,500 3,600 3,700
8.47 8.69 8.91 9.13 9.36
3,800 3,900 4,000 4,100 4,200
9.58 9.80 10.03 10.25 10.47
4,300 4,400 4,500 4,600 4,700
10.69 10.92 11.14 12.3 13.4
4,800 4,900 5,000 5,500 6,000
14.5 15.6 16.7 17.8 18.9
6,500 7,000 7,500 8,000 8,500
20.1 21.2 22.3 24.5 26.7
9,000 9,500 10,000 11,000 12,000
29.0 31.2 33.4 35.6 37.9
13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000
40.1 42.3 44.6 49.0 53.5
18,000 19,000 20,000 22,000 24,000
57.9 62.4 66.8 71.3 75.8
26,000 28,000 30,000 32,000 34,000
80.2 84.7 89.1 93.6 98.0
36,000 38,000 40,000 42,000 44,000
102.5 106.9 111.4 123 134
46,000 48,000 50,000 55,000 60,000
145 156 167 178 189
65,000 70,000 75,000 80,000 85,000
201 212 223 245 267
90,000 95,000 100,000 110,000 120,000
290 312 334 356 379
130,000 140,000 150,000 160,000 170,000
401 423 446 468 490
180,000 190,000 200,000 210,000 220,000
512 535 557 668 780
230,000 240,000 250,000 300,000 350,000
891 1,003 1,114
400,000 450,000 500,000
1,225 1,337
550,000 600,000
1,448 1,560 1,671 1,782 1,894
650,000 700,000 750,000 800,000 850,000
2,005 900,000 2,117 950,000 2,228 1,000,000
Basic Data: Water is at 60 oF Density, lb/ft3
62.371
Re =
10,468
Re =
7,736
f =
0.04
f =
0.04
hL =
88.4 ft water
Viscosity, cP 1.1211 , feet = 0.00015 For Laminar Flow: Pipe is clean & new V = 1.079 ft/sec (or Less) Pipe length,ft= 100 For Critical Zone Flow: V = 2.157 ft/sec (or Less)
Re=123 .9
dvρ μ
where, d= pipe ID , inches v=velocity , ft /sec ρ=density , lb/ft 3 μ=vis cosity , cP
hL =
19.5 ft water
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.797 ft/sec (or Less) For Critical Zone Flow: V = 1.594 ft/sec (or Less)
3/8 Inch Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 0.4930 inches (/D) = 0.003650 V
ft/sec 0.034 0.067 0.084 0.101 0.134 0.168
V2/2g hf, ft per ft 100' pipe 0.00002 0.00007 0.00011 0.00016 0.00028 0.00044
0.202 0.235 0.269 0.303 0.336
0.00063 0.00086 0.00112 0.00142 0.00176
0.420 0.504 0.672 0.840 1.01 1.18
0.00274 0.00395 0.00702 0.01098 0.01581 0.02151
1.34 1.51 1.68 2.02 2.35
0.02810 0.03556 0.04390 0.06322 0.08605
2.69 3.03 3.36 4.20 5.04
0.11240 0.14225 0.17562 0.27441 0.39514
5.88 6.72 7.56 8.40 9.24 10.08 10.92 11.77 12.61 13.45
1/2 Inch Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 0.6220 inches (/D) = 0.002890
3/4 Inch Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 0.8240 inches (/D) = 0.002180
V ft/sec
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
hf, ft per 100' pipe
V2/2g ft
hf, ft per 100' pipe
1.74 0.739
0.0085
0.74
0.845 0.950 1.06 1.27 1.48
0.0111 0.0140 0.0173 0.0250 0.0340
1.86
15.0 22.6 31.8
1.69 1.90 2.11 2.64 3.17
0.0444 0.0561 0.0693 0.1083 0.156
0.53783 0.70248 0.88907 1.09762 1.32812
42.6 54.9 68.4 83.5 100
3.70 4.22 4.75 5.28 5.81
1.58058 1.85498 2.15134 2.46965 2.80991
118 137 158 181 205
6.34 6.86 7.39 7.92 8.45
2.89 4.30
0.602 0.722 0.842
0.00563 0.00810 0.01103
0.260
4.78 7.16 10.0
0.963 1.083 1.20 1.50 1.80
0.0144 0.0182 0.0225 0.0352 0.0506
0.212 0.277 0.351 0.433 0.524
13.3 17.1 21.3 25.8 30.9
2.11 2.41 2.71 3.01 3.31
0.0689 0.0900 0.114 0.141 0.170
3.30 4.21 5.21 6.32
0.624 0.732 0.849 0.975 1.109
36.5 42.4 48.7 55.5 62.7
3.61 3.91 4.21 4.51 4.81
0.203 0.238 0.276 0.316 0.360
8.87
1.21 1.80 2.50
11.8 15.0
14.29 15.13 15.97 16.81
3.17213 3.55629 3.96241 4.39049
231 258 286 316
8.97 9.50 10.03 10.56 11.6
1.25 1.40 1.56 1.73 2.10
70.3 78.3 86.9 95.9 115
5.11 5.41 5.72 6.02 6.62
0.406 0.456 0.508 0.563 0.681
12.7 13.7 14.8 15.8
2.50 2.93 3.40 3.90
136 159 183 209
7.22 7.82 8.42 9.02 9.63
0.810 0.951 1.103 1.27 1.44
32.6 37.8 43.5 49.7 56.3
10.23 10.8 11.4 12.0 13.2
1.63 1.82 2.03 2.25 2.72
63.1 70.3 78.0 86.1 104
14.4 15.6 16.8 18.0
3.24 3.80 4.41 5.06
122 143 164 187
18.8 23.0 27.6
Re =
5,712
Re =
4,527
Re =
3,417
f =
0.04
f =
0.04
f =
0.04
hL =
4.3 ft water
hL =
1.3 ft water
hL =
0.3 ft water
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.589 ft/sec (or Less)
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.466 ft/sec (or Less)
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.352 ft/sec (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 1.177 ft/sec (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.933 ft/sec (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.704 ft/sec (or Less)
1 Inch Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 1.0490 inches (/D) = 0.001720
1-1/4 Inch Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 1.3800 inches (/D) = 0.001300
1-1/2 Inch Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 1.6100 (/D) = 0.001120
V ft/sec
V ft/sec
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
hf, ft per 100' pipe
0.371 0.00214 0.114 0.445 0.00308 0.520 0.00420 Transition To Turbulent Flow 0.594 0.00548 0.668 0.00694 0.742 0.00857 0.379 0.928 0.01339 1.114 0.01928 0.772 1.299 1.48 1.67 1.86 2.04
0.0262 0.0343 0.0434 0.0535 0.0648
2.23 2.41 2.60 2.78 2.97
0.0771 0.0905 0.1050 0.120 0.137
1.295 1.93
2.68 3.56 4.54
V2/2g ft
hf, ft per 100' pipe
0.300 0.00140 Transition To Turbulent Flow 0.343 0.00183 0.386 0.00232 0.429 0.00286 0.102 0.536 0.00447 0.644 0.00644 0.207 0.751 0.858 0.965 1.073 1.180
0.00876 0.01144 0.01448 0.01788 0.02163
1.287 1.394 1.502 1.609 1.716
0.0257 0.0302 0.0350 0.0402 0.0458
0.342 0.508
0.704 0.930 1.18
V2/2g ft
0.221 0.00076 Transition To Turbulent Flow 0.252 0.00099 0.284 0.00125 0.315 0.00154 0.394 0.00241 0.473 0.00347 0.552 0.630 0.709 0.788 0.867
0.00473 0.00618 0.00782 0.00965 0.01168
0.946 1.024 1.103 1.182 1.26
0.0139 0.0163 0.0189 0.0217 0.0247
3.16 3.34 3.53 3.71 4.08
0.155 0.173 0.193 0.214 0.259
1.823 1.931 2.038 2.145 2.360
0.0517 0.0579 0.0645 0.0715 0.0865
1.34 1.42 1.50 1.58 1.73
0.0279 0.0313 0.0348 0.0386 0.0467
4.45 4.83 5.20 5.57 5.94
0.308 0.362 0.420 0.482 0.548
2.574 2.789 3.003 3.218 3.432
0.103 0.121 0.140 0.161 0.183
1.89 2.05 2.21 2.36 2.52
0.0556 0.0652 0.0757 0.0869 0.0988
6.31 6.68 7.05 7.42 8.17
0.619 0.694 0.773 0.857 1.037
25.1 30.2
3.647 3.861 4.076 4.290 4.719
0.207 0.232 0.258 0.286 0.346
6.34 7.58
2.68 2.84 2.99 3.15 3.47
0.112 0.125 0.139 0.154 0.187
8.91 9.65 10.39 11.1 11.9
1.23 1.45 1.68 1.93 2.19
35.6 41.6 47.9 54.6 61.8
5.148 5.577 6.006 6.435 6.864
0.412 0.483 0.561 0.644 0.732
8.92 10.37 13.6 13.6 15.3
3.78 4.10 4.41 4.73 5.04
0.222 0.261 0.303 0.347 0.395
12.6 13.4 14.1 14.8 15.6
2.48 2.78 3.09 3.43 3.78
69.4 77.4 86.0 95.0 104.5
7.293 7.722 8.151 8.580 9.009
0.827 0.927 1.033 1.14 1.26
17.2 19.2 21.3 23.5 25.8
5.36 5.67 5.99 6.30 6.62
0.446 0.500 0.557 0.618 0.681
16.3 17.1 17.8 18.6 20.4
4.15 4.53 4.93 5.35 6.48
114 124 135 146 176
9.438 9.867 10.296 10.725 11.798
1.38 1.51 1.65 1.79 2.16
28.2 30.7 33.3 36.0 43.2
6.93 7.25 7.56 7.88 8.67
0.747 0.817 0.889 0.965 1.17
22.3 24.1 26.0 27.8 29.7
7.71 9.05 10.50 12.0 13.7
209 245 283 324 367
12.870 13.943 15.015 16.088 17.160
2.57 3.02 3.50 4.02 4.58
51.0 59.6 68.8 78.7 89.2
9.46 10.24 11.03 11.8 12.6
1.39 1.63 1.89 2.17 2.47
31.6 33.4 35.3 37.1
15.5 17.3 19.3 21.4
413 462 513 567
18.233 19.305 20.378 21.450 23.595
5.17 5.79 6.45 7.15 8.65
100.2 112 124 138 166
13.4 14.2 15.0 15.8 17.3
2.79 3.13 3.48 3.86 4.67
25.740 27.885 30.030
10.3 12.1 14.0
197 230 267
18.9 20.5 22.1
5.56 6.52 7.57
5.65 6.86
9.62 12.8 16.5
20.6
1.46 1.77
2.48 3.28 4.20
5.22
32.175
16.1
306
23.6 25.2
8.69 9.88
26.8 28.4 29.9 31.5
11.16 12.51 13.9 15.4
Re =
2,684
Re =
0
f =
0.04
f =
0.04
hL =
0.1 ft water
hL =
0.0 ft water
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.277 ft/sec (or Less)
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.210 ft/sec (or Less)
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.180 (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.553 ft/sec (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.421 ft/sec (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.360 (or Less)
1-1/2 Inch dule 40 Steel Pipe inches hf, ft per 100' pipe
2 Inch Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 2.0670 inches (/D) = 0.000870
Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 3.0680 inches (/D) = 0.000587
V ft/sec
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
hf, ft per 100' pipe
V2/2g ft
3 Inch Asphalt-Dipped Cast Iron Pipe I. D. = 3.0000 (/D) = 0.001600
hf, ft per 100' pipe
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
on To Turbulent Flow
0.0492 0.0988
0.164 0.242
0.333 0.439 0.558
0.191 0.00057 0.0151 0.239 0.00089 0.287 0.00128 0.0302 Transition To Turbulent Flow 0.335 0.00174 0.382 0.00227 0.0497 0.430 0.00288 0.0600 0.478 0.00355 0.0731 0.526 0.00430 0.0900 0.574 0.621 0.669 0.717 0.765
0.00511 0.00600 0.00696 0.00799 0.00909
0.1004 0.120 0.131 0.150 0.166
0.217 0.239
0.00073 0.00089
0.260 0.282 0.304 0.325 0.347
0.00105 0.00124 0.00143 0.00165 0.00187
0.0112
0.227 0.250
0.00080 0.00097
0.272 0.295 0.318 0.340 0.363
0.00115 0.00135 0.00157 0.00180 0.00205
0.813 0.861 0.908 0.956 1.052
0.01027 0.0115 0.0128 0.0142 0.0172
0.190 0.205 0.230 0.248 0.290
0.369 0.391 0.412 0.434 0.477
0.00212 0.00237 0.00264 0.00293 0.00354
1.15 1.24 1.34 1.43 1.53
0.0205 0.0240 0.0278 0.0320 0.0364
0.343 0.400 0.453 0.510 0.578
0.521 0.564 0.608 0.651 0.694
0.00422 0.00495 0.00574 0.00659 0.0075
2.94 3.52
1.63 1.72 1.82 1.91 2.10
0.0411 0.0460 0.0513 0.0568 0.0688
0.640 0.717 0.790 0.868 1.03
0.738 0.781 0.825 0.868 0.955
0.0085 0.0095 0.0106 0.0117 0.0142
4.14 4.81 5.51 6.26 7.07
2.29 2.49 2.68 2.87 3.06
0.0818 0.0960 0.111 0.128 0.145
1.20 1.39 1.60 1.82 2.05
1.042 1.13 1.22 1.30 1.39
0.0169 0.0198 0.0230 0.0263 0.0300
7.92 8.82 9.78 10.79 11.8
3.25 3.44 3.63 3.82 4.02
0.164 0.184 0.205 0.227 0.251
2.29 2.54 2.81 3.10 3.39
1.48 1.56 1.65 1.74 1.82
0.0338 0.0379 0.0423 0.0468 0.0516
12.9 14.0 15.2 16.4 19.7
4.21 4.40 4.59 4.78 5.26
0.275 0.301 0.327 0.355 0.430
3.70 4.02 4.35 4.67 5.59
1.91 2.00 2.08 2.17 2.39
0.0567 0.0619 0.0674 0.0732 0.0886
23.2 27.1 31.3 35.8 40.5
5.74 6.21 6.69 7.17 7.65
0.511 0.600 0.696 0.799 0.909
6.59 7.69 8.86 10.1 11.4
2.60 2.82 3.04 3.25 3.47
45.6 51.0 56.5 62.2 74.5
8.13 8.61 9.08 9.56 10.52
1.03 1.15 1.28 1.42 1.72
12.8 14.2 15.8 17.4 20.9
88.3 103 119
11.5 12.4 13.4
2.05 2.40 2.78
24.7 28.8 33.2
0.689 0.829
1.16 1.53 1.96
2.42
0.386 0.408 0.431 0.454 0.499
0.00231 0.00259 0.00289 0.00320 0.00387
0.545 0.590 0.635 0.681 0.726
0.00461 0.00541 0.00628 0.00720 0.0082
0.772 0.817 0.862 0.908 0.999
0.0093 0.0104 0.0116 0.0128 0.0155
1.089 1.18 1.27 1.36 1.45
0.0184 0.0216 0.0251 0.0288 0.0328
1.54 1.63 1.72 1.82 1.91
0.0370 0.0415 0.0462 0.0512 0.0565
0.662 0.789
2.00 2.09 2.18 2.27 2.50
0.0620 0.0678 0.0738 0.0800 0.0969
0.105 0.124 0.143 0.165 0.187
0.924 1.07 1.22 1.39 1.57
2.72 2.95 3.18 3.40 3.63
0.115 0.135 0.157 0.180 0.205
3.69 3.91 4.12 4.34 4.77
0.212 0.237 0.264 0.293 0.354
1.76 1.96 2.17 2.39 2.86
3.86 4.08 4.31 4.54 4.99
0.231 0.259 0.289 0.320 0.387
5.21 5.64 6.08
0.422 0.495 0.574
3.37 3.92 4.51
5.45 5.90 6.35
0.461 0.541 0.628
0.0372
0.0762
0.126
0.262
0.443
137 156
14.3 15.3
3.20 3.64
38.0 43.0
6.51 6.94
0.659 0.749
5.14 5.81
6.81 7.26
0.720 0.820
175 196 218 241
16.3 17.2 18.2 19.1 21.0
4.11 4.60 5.13 5.68 6.88
48.4 54.1 60.1 66.3 80.0
7.38 7.81 8.25 8.68 9.55
0.846 0.948 1.06 1.17 1.42
6.53 7.28 8.07 8.90 10.7
7.72 8.17 8.62 9.08 9.99
0.925 1.037 1.16 1.28 1.55
22.9 24.9 26.8 28.7 33.5
8.18 9.60 11.14 12.8 17.4
95.0 111 128 146 199
10.4 11.3 12.2 13.0 15.2
1.69 1.98 2.30 2.63 3.59
12.6 14.7 16.9 19.2
10.9 11.8 12.7 13.6 15.9
1.84 2.16 2.51 2.88 3.92
38.2
22.7
258
17.4 19.5 21.7 23.9 26.0
4.68 5.93 7.32 8.86 10.5
33.9 52.5 63.2 74.8
18.2 20.4 22.7 25.0 27.2
5.12 6.48 8.00 9.69 11.5
28.2 30.4 32.5 34.7 36.9
12.4 14.3 16.5 18.7 21.2
87.5 101 116 131 148
29.5 31.8 34.0 36.3 38.6
13.5 15.7 18.0 20.5 23.1
39.1 41.2 43.4
23.7 26.4 29.3
165 184 204
40.8 43.1 45.4
25.9 28.9 32.0
ft/sec
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.140 ft/sec (or Less)
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.095 ft/sec (or Less)
ft/sec
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.281 ft/sec (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.189 ft/sec (or Less)
al Zone Flow:
Dipped Cast Iron Pipe inches hf, ft per 100' pipe
0.0128
Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 4.0260 inches (/D) = 0.000447 V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
0.126 0.139
0.00025 0.00030
0.151 0.164 0.176 0.189 0.202
0.00036 0.00042 0.00048 0.00056 0.00063
4 Inch Asphalt-Dipped Cast Iron Pipe I. D. = 4.0000 inches (/D) = 0.001200
hf, ft per 100' pipe
0.00310
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
0.128 0.000253 0.140 0.00031 0.153 0.166 0.179 0.191 0.204
0.00036 0.00043 0.00050 0.00057 0.00065
hf, ft per 100' pipe
0.00325
6 In Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 6.0650 (/D) = 0.000293 V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
0.217 0.230 0.243 0.255 0.281
0.00073 0.00082 0.00091 0.00101 0.00123
0.00142 0.00167 0.00193 0.00222 0.00253
0.306 0.332 0.357 0.383 0.408
0.00146 0.00171 0.00199 0.00228 0.00259
0.133 0.144 0.155 0.167 0.178
0.00028 0.00032 0.00038 0.00043 0.00049
0.428 0.454 0.479 0.504 0.554
0.00285 0.00320 0.00356 0.00395 0.00478
0.434 0.460 0.485 0.511 0.562
0.00293 0.00328 0.00366 0.00405 0.00490
0.189 0.200 0.211 0.222 0.244
0.00055 0.00062 0.00069 0.00077 0.00093
0.605 0.655 0.706 0.756 0.806
0.00569 0.00667 0.00774 0.00888 0.01011
0.613 0.664 0.715 0.766 0.817
0.00584 0.00685 0.00794 0.00912 0.01037
0.267 0.289 0.311 0.333 0.355
0.00110 0.00130 0.00150 0.00173 0.00196
0.857 0.907 0.958 1.008 1.059
0.01141 0.01279 0.01426 0.01580 0.01741
0.868 0.919 0.970 1.021 1.072
0.01171 0.01313 0.01463 0.01621 0.01787
0.378 0.400 0.422 0.444 0.466
0.00222 0.00248 0.00277 0.00307 0.00338
0.830 0.993
1.109 1.159 1.210 1.260 1.386
0.01911 0.02089 0.02275 0.02468 0.02986
1.123 1.174 1.225 1.277 1.404
0.01961 0.02144 0.02334 0.02533 0.03065
0.489 0.511 0.533 0.555 0.611
0.00371 0.00406 0.00442 0.00479 0.00580
1.170 1.36 1.56 1.78 2.02
1.512 1.638 1.764 1.890 2.016
0.03554 0.04171 0.04837 0.05553 0.06318
1.532 1.660 1.787 1.915 2.042
0.03647 0.04280 0.04964 0.05699 0.06484
0.666 0.722 0.777 0.833 0.888
0.00690 0.00810 0.00939 0.01078 0.01227
2.28 2.55 2.82 3.10 3.73
2.142 2.268 2.394 2.520 2.772
0.07133 0.07996 0.08909 0.09872 0.11945
0.624 0.744
2.170 2.298 2.425 2.553 2.808
0.07320 0.08206 0.09143 0.10131 0.12259
0.725 0.869
0.944 0.999 1.055 1.111 1.222
0.0138 0.0155 0.0173 0.0192 0.0232
4.40 5.13 5.93
3.024 3.276 3.528
0.14216 0.16684 0.19349
0.877 1.017 1.165
3.064 3.319 3.574
0.14589 0.17122 0.19857
1.03 1.19 1.38
1.333 1.444 1.555
0.0276 0.0324 0.0376
0.0435
0.0900
0.1510
0.320
0.549
0.214 0.227 0.239 0.252 0.277
0.00071 0.00080 0.00089 0.00099 0.00119
0.302 0.328 0.353 0.378 0.403
0.01017
0.0344
0.0702
0.118
0.176
0.245 0.325 0.415
0.515
0.01080
0.03700
0.0770
0.131
0.199
0.278 0.370 0.476
0.594
0.111 0.000192 0.122 0.00023
6.80 7.71
3.780 4.032
0.22212 0.25272
1.32 1.49
3.830 4.085
0.22795 0.25936
1.58 1.78
1.666 1.777
0.0431 0.0491
8.70 9.73 10.80 11.9 14.3
4.284 4.536 4.788 5.040 5.545
0.28530 0.31985 0.35638 0.39488 0.47780
1.67 1.86 2.06 2.27 2.72
4.340 4.596 4.851 5.106 5.617
0.29279 0.32825 0.36574 0.40525 0.49035
2.00 2.24 2.49 2.74 3.28
1.888 1.999 2.110 2.221 2.443
0.0554 0.0621 0.0692 0.0767 0.0928
17.0 19.8 22.8 26.1 26.2
6.049 6.553 7.057 7.561 8.821
0.56863 0.66735 0.77397 0.88848 1.20932
3.21 3.74 4.30 4.89 5.51
6.127 6.638 7.149 7.659 8.936
0.58356 0.68487 0.79429 0.91181 1.24107
3.88 4.54 5.25 6.03 6.87
2.665 2.887 3.109 3.332 3.887
0.110 0.130 0.150 0.173 0.235
46.8
1.57952 1.99908 2.46800 2.98628 3.55392
8.47 13.0 15.7 18.6
10.212 11.489 12.766 14.042 15.319
1.62099 2.05157 2.53280 3.06468 3.64723
10.7
72.3 87 102
10.081 11.341 12.601 13.861 15.121
16.6 19.9 23.6
4.442 4.997 5.553 6.108 6.663
0.307 0.388 0.479 0.580 0.690
121 142 162 184 207
16.382 17.642 18.902 20.162 21.422
4.17092 4.83728 5.55300 6.31808 7.13252
21.7 25.0 28.6 32.4 36.5
16.595 17.872 19.148 20.425 21.701
4.28043 4.96428 5.69879 6.48396 7.31978
27.7 32.1 36.7 41.6 46.8
7.218 7.774 8.329 8.884 9.439
0.810 0.939 1.08 1.23 1.38
232 258 285
22.682 7.99632 23.942 8.90948 25.202 9.87200 27.723 11.94512 30.243 14.21569
40.8 45.3 50.2 60.5 72.0
22.978 8.20626 24.255 9.14340 25.531 10.13119 28.084 12.25874 30.637 14.58891
52.3 58.1 64.2 78.2 92.8
9.995 10.550 11.105 12.216 13.326
1.55 1.73 1.92 2.32 2.76
32.763 35.283 37.804 40.324 42.844
16.68369 19.34913 22.21201 25.27233 28.53009
84.3 97.6 112 127 143
33.191 35.744 38.297 40.850 43.403
17.12171 19.85713 22.79518 25.93585 29.27914
108.2 126 144 164 185
14.437 15.547 16.658 17.768 18.879
3.24 3.76 4.31 4.91 5.54
45.364 31.98529 47.885 35.63793 50.405 39.48802
160 178 196
45.956 32.82505 48.509 36.57359 51.062 40.52476
207 230 255
19.989 21.100 22.211 23.321 24.432
6.21 6.92 7.67 8.45 9.28
25.542 26.653 27.763 28.874 29.984
10.1 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0
31.095
15.0
32.205 33.316 34.426 35.537
16.1 17.3 18.4 19.6
36.647 37.758 38.868 39.979 41.089
20.9 22.2 23.5 24.8 26.2
42.200 43.311 44.421
27.7 29.2 30.7
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.072 ft/sec (or Less)
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.048 (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.144 ft/sec (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.096 (or Less)
dule 40 Steel Pipe inches
6 Inch Asphalt-Dipped Cast Iron Pipe I. D. = 6.0000 inches (/D) = 0.000800
hf, ft per 100' pipe
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
hf, ft per 100' pipe
Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 7.9810 inches (/D) = 0.000226 V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
8 Inch Asphalt-Dipped Cast Iron Pipe I. D. = 8.0000 (/D) = 0.000600
hf, ft per 100' pipe
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
0.00146
0.00487
0.00988
0.0164
0.0244
0.0337 0.0445 0.0564
0.0698 0.0843
0.118 0.155
0.113 0.000200 0.125 0.000242
0.00157
0.0641 0.000064 0.000401 0.0705 0.000077
0.0638 0.000063 0.0702 0.000077
0.136 0.148 0.159 0.170 0.182
0.000288 0.000338 0.000392 0.000450 0.000512
0.0770 0.0834 0.0898 0.0962 0.1026
0.000092 0.000108 0.000125 0.000144 0.000164
0.0766 0.0830 0.0894 0.0957 0.1021
0.000091 0.000107 0.000124 0.000142 0.000162
0.193 0.204 0.216 0.227 0.250
0.000578 0.000648 0.000722 0.000800 0.000969
0.1090 0.1154 0.1219 0.1283 0.1411
0.000185 0.000207 0.000231 0.000256 0.001320 0.000309
0.1085 0.1149 0.1213 0.1277 0.1404
0.000183 0.000205 0.000229 0.000253 0.000306
0.272 0.295 0.318 0.340 0.363
0.001153 0.001353 0.001569 0.001801 0.002049
0.1539 0.1667 0.1796 0.1924 0.2052
0.000368 0.000432 0.000501 0.000575 0.000655
0.1532 0.1660 0.1787 0.1915 0.2042
0.000365 0.000428 0.000496 0.000570 0.000648
0.386 0.408 0.431 0.454 0.477
0.002313 0.002594 0.002890 0.003202 0.003530
0.2180 0.2309 0.2437 0.2565 0.2694
0.000739 0.000828 0.000923 0.001023 0.001128
0.2170 0.2298 0.2425 0.2553 0.2681
0.000732 0.000821 0.000914 0.001013 0.001117
0.499 0.522 0.545 0.567 0.624
0.003874 0.004235 0.004611 0.005003 0.006054
0.2822 0.2950 0.3078 0.3207 0.3527
0.001238 0.001353 0.001473 0.001598 0.001934
0.2808 0.2936 0.3064 0.3191 0.3511
0.001226 0.001340 0.001459 0.001583 0.001915
0.681 0.738 0.794 0.851 0.908
0.007204 0.008455 0.009806 0.011257 0.012808
0.3848 0.4169 0.4489 0.4810 0.5131
0.002301 0.002701 0.003132 0.003596 0.004091
0.3830 0.4149 0.4468 0.4787 0.5106
0.002280 0.002675 0.003103 0.003562 0.004052
0.965 1.021 1.078 1.135 1.248
0.014459 0.016210 0.018061 0.020012 0.024215
0.5451 0.5772 0.6093 0.6413 0.7055
0.004619 0.005178 0.005769 0.006393 0.007735
0.5425 0.5745 0.6064 0.6383 0.7021
0.004575 0.005129 0.005715 0.006332 0.007662
1.362 0.028818 1.475 0.033821 1.589 0.039224
0.00523
0.01070
0.0179
0.0268
0.0374 0.0496 0.0635
0.0789 0.0958
0.130 0.178
0.7696 0.009205 0.8337 0.010803 0.8979 0.012529
0.00266
0.00442
0.00652
0.00904 0.01190 0.0151
0.0186 0.0224
0.0311 0.0410
0.7659 0.009118 0.8298 0.010701 0.8936 0.012411
0.198
1.702 0.045028 1.816 0.051231 1.929 2.042 2.156 2.269 2.496
0.058 0.065 0.072 0.080 0.097
0.419 0.487 0.560 0.637
2.723 2.950 3.177 3.404 3.972
0.115 0.135 0.157 0.180 0.245
1.09 1.66 1.99 2.34
4.539 5.106 5.674 6.241 6.808
2.73 3.13 3.57 4.03 4.53
0.229
0.9620 0.014383 1.0261 0.016365 1.0902 1.1544 1.2185 1.2826 1.4109
0.018474 0.020712 0.023077 0.025570 0.030940
0.490 0.570 0.655 0.745
1.5392 1.6674 1.7957 1.9240 2.2446
0.036821 0.043213 0.050117 0.057533 0.078308
0.32 0.41 0.50 0.61 0.72
1.30 2.02 2.42 2.84
2.5653 2.8859 3.2066 3.5273 3.8479
7.376 7.943 8.510 9.078 9.645
0.85 0.98 1.13 1.28 1.45
3.33 3.87 4.45 5.06 5.69
5.05 5.60 6.17 7.41 8.76
10.212 10.780 11.347 12.482 13.617
1.62 1.81 2.00 2.42 2.88
10.2 11.8 13.5 15.4 17.3
14.751 15.886 17.021 18.156 19.290
19.4 21.6 23.8 26.2 28.8
0.0521
0.9574 0.014247 1.0212 0.016210 1.0851 1.1489 1.2127 1.2766 1.4042
0.018299 0.020516 0.022858 0.025328 0.030647
0.1088 0.1260 0.144 0.163
1.5319 1.6595 1.7872 1.9148 2.2340
0.036472 0.042804 0.049643 0.056988 0.077567
0.102280 0.129448 0.159813 0.193373 0.230130
0.279 0.348 0.424 0.507 0.597
2.5531 2.8723 3.1914 3.5105 3.8297
0.101312 0.128223 0.158300 0.191543 0.227952
4.1686 4.4893 4.8099 5.1306 5.4512
0.270083 0.313233 0.359578 0.409120 0.461859
0.694 0.797 0.907 1.02 1.15
4.1488 4.4680 4.7871 5.1062 5.4254
0.267527 0.310268 0.356175 0.405248 0.457487
6.34 7.02 7.73 9.80 11.2
5.7719 6.0926 6.4132 7.0545 7.6959
0.517793 0.576924 0.639251 0.773493 0.920521
1.27 1.41 1.56 1.87 2.20
5.7445 6.0637 6.3828 7.0211 7.6594
0.512891 0.571462 0.633199 0.766171 0.911807
3.4 3.9 4.5 5.1 5.8
13.0 15.1 17.4 19.8 22.3
8.3372 8.9785 9.6198 10.3 10.9
1.080334 1.252931 1.438314 1.636482 1.847434
2.56 2.95 3.37 3.82 4.29
8.2976 8.9359 9.5742 10.2 10.9
1.070107 1.241071 1.424699 1.620990 1.829946
20.425 21.560 22.694 23.829 24.964
6.5 7.2 8.0 8.8 9.7
24.8 27.6 30.5 33.6 36.8
11.5 12.2 12.8 13.5 14.1
2.071172 2.307695 2.557003 2.819095 3.093973
4.79 5.31 5.86
11.5 12.1 12.8 13.4 14.0
2.051566 2.285850 2.532797 2.792409 3.064685
31.4 34.2 37.0 39.9 42.9
26.099 27.233 28.368 29.503 30.637
10.6 11.5 12.5 13.5 14.6
40.1 43.5 47.1 51.0 55.2
14.8 15.4 16.0 16.7 17.3
3.381636 3.682084 3.995316 4.321334 4.660137
14.7 15.3 16.0 16.6 17.2
3.349625 3.647228 3.957496 4.280428 4.616023
46.1
31.772
15.7
59.6
18.0 5.011725
0.246 0.299 0.357
0.282 0.346 0.415
0.0644 0.0780 0.0928
7.02
8.31 9.70
11.20
17.9 4.964283
49.4 52.8 59.9
67.4 75.5
84.1 93.1
32.907 34.042 35.176 36.311 0.000 37.446 38.580 39.715 40.850 41.985
16.8 18.0 19.2 20.5 0.0 21.8 23.1 24.5 25.9 27.4
64.1 68.8
43.119 44.254 45.389
28.9 30 32
110
78.0
88.0 98.7
122
18.6 19.2 19.9 20.5
5.376098 5.753256 6.143199 6.545926
21.2 21.8 22.4 23.1 23.7
6.961439 7.389737 7.830820 8.284688 8.751341
24.4 9.230779 25.0 9.723002 25.7 10.2 26.3 10.7 26.9 11.3
12.8 14.5
16.4 18.4
20.5
18.5 19.1 19.8 20.4
5.325207 5.698794 6.085046 6.483961
21.1 21.7 22.3 23.0 23.6
6.895541 7.319785 7.756692 8.206264 8.668499
22.6
24.3 9.143399 24.9 9.630962 25.5 10.1 26.2 10.6 26.8 11.2
28.5
27.4 28.1 28.7 29.4 30.0
11.7 12.3 12.8 13.4 14.0 14.6 15.2 15.8 19.2 22.8 26.8 31.0 35.6 40.5
27.6 28.2 28.9 29.5 30.1
11.8 12.4 12.9 13.5 14.1
30.8 31.4 32.1 35.3 38.5
14.7 15.3 16.0 19.3 23.0
35.1 42.5 50.5
30.6 31.3 31.9 35.1 38.3
41.7 44.9 48.1 51.3
27.0 31.3 36.0 40.9
59.1 68.3 78.1 88.6
41.5 44.7 47.9 51.1
ft/sec
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.036 ft/sec (or Less)
ft/sec
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.073 ft/sec (or Less)
al Zone Flow:
Dipped Cast Iron Pipe inches hf, ft per 100' pipe
Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 10.0200 inches (/D) = 0.000180 V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
10 Inch Asphalt-Dipped Cast Iron Pipe I. D. = 10.0000 inches (/D) = 0.000480
hf, ft per 100' pipe
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
hf, ft per 100' pipe
12 In Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 11.9380 (/D) = 0.000151 V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
0.000399
0.001320
0.00269
0.00447
0.00664
0.00920 0.01210 0.0154
0.0191 0.0232
0.0323 0.0428
0.0407 0.000026 0.000138 0.0448 0.000031
0.0408 0.000026 0.000140 0.0449 0.000031
0.0488 0.0529 0.0570 0.0610 0.0651
0.000037 0.000043 0.000050 0.000058 0.000066
0.0490 0.0531 0.0572 0.0613 0.0654
0.000037 0.000044 0.000051 0.000058 0.000066
0.0692 0.0732 0.0773 0.0814 0.0895
0.000074 0.000083 0.000093 0.000103 0.000451 0.000125
0.0694 0.0735 0.0776 0.0817 0.0899
0.000075 0.000084 0.000094 0.000104 0.000460 0.000126
0.0976 0.1058 0.1139 0.1221 0.1302
0.000148 0.000174 0.000202 0.000232 0.000263
0.0980 0.1062 0.1144 0.1225 0.1307
0.000149 0.000175 0.000203 0.000233 0.000266
0.1383 0.1465 0.1546 0.1627 0.1709
0.000297 0.000333 0.000372 0.000412 0.000454
0.1389 0.1471 0.1552 0.1634 0.1716
0.000300 0.000336 0.000375 0.000415 0.000458
0.1790 0.1872 0.1953 0.2034 0.2238
0.000498 0.000544 0.000593 0.000643 0.000778
0.1797 0.1879 0.1961 0.2042 0.2247
0.000502 0.000549 0.000598 0.000648 0.000785
0.2441 0.2645 0.2848 0.3052 0.3255
0.000926 0.001087 0.001261 0.001447 0.00165
0.2451 0.2655 0.2859 0.3064 0.3268
0.000934 0.001096 0.001271 0.001459 0.001660
0.3458 0.3662 0.3865 0.4069 0.4476
0.00186 0.00208 0.00232 0.00257 0.00311
0.3472 0.3676 0.3881 0.4085 0.4493
0.001874 0.002101 0.002341 0.002594 0.003138
0.4882 0.5289 0.5696
0.00371 0.00435 0.00504
0.00149
0.00304
0.00505
0.00747
0.0103 0.0136
0.4902 0.003735 0.5310 0.004383 0.5719 0.005083
0.00154
0.00315
0.00525
0.00783
0.287 0.315
0.00128 0.00155
0.01058
0.344 0.373 0.401
0.00184 0.00216 0.00250
0.0144
0.6103 0.6510
0.00579 0.00659
0.6917 0.7324 0.7731 0.8137 0.8951
0.00744 0.00834 0.00929 0.0103 0.0125
0.1163 0.135 0.155 0.176
0.9765 1.0579 1.1392 1.2206 1.4240
0.304 0.380 0.464 0.557 0.658
0.0548
0.0174
0.6127 0.005836 0.6536 0.006640
0.430 0.459
0.00287 0.00327
0.0276 0.0329
0.487 0.516 0.545 0.573 0.631
0.00369 0.00414 0.00461 0.00511 0.00618
0.0183
0.0260 0.0309
0.6944 0.7353 0.7761 0.8170 0.8987
0.007495 0.008403 0.009363 0.010374 0.012553
0.0148 0.0174 0.0202 0.0232 0.0315
0.0362 0.0417 0.0478 0.0542 0.0719
0.9804 1.0621 1.1438 1.2255 1.4297
0.014939 0.017533 0.020334 0.023342 0.031771
0.0387 0.0449 0.0514 0.0583 0.0778
0.688 0.745 0.803 0.860 1.003
0.00736 0.00863 0.01001 0.01149 0.01564
1.6275 1.8309 2.0343 2.2378 2.4412
0.0412 0.0521 0.0643 0.0778 0.0926
0.0917 0.114 0.138 0.164 0.192
1.6340 1.8382 2.0425 2.2467 2.4510
0.041497 0.052520 0.064840 0.078456 0.093369
0.0990 0.1235 0.151 0.181 0.214
1.147 1.290 1.433 1.576 1.720
0.02043 0.02586 0.03192 0.03863 0.04597
0.767 0.884 1.01 1.14 1.29
2.6447 2.8481 3.0515 3.2550 3.4584
0.109 0.126 0.145 0.165 0.186
0.224 0.256 0.291 0.328 0.368
2.6552 2.8595 3.0637 3.2680 3.4722
0.109579 0.127086 0.145889 0.165989 0.187386
0.250 0.288 0.328 0.370 0.415
1.863 2.006 2.150 2.293 2.436
0.05395 0.06257 0.07183 0.08172 0.09226
1.44 1.60 1.76 2.14 2.53
3.6618 3.8653 4.0687 4.4756 4.8824
0.208 0.232 0.257 0.311 0.371
0.410 0.455 0.500 0.600 0.703
3.6765 3.8807 4.0850 4.4935 4.9020
0.210080 0.234071 0.259358 0.313824 0.373476
0.462 0.512 0.565 0.680 0.805
2.580 2.723 2.866 3.153 3.440
0.10343 0.11524 0.12770 0.15451 0.18388
2.94 3.40 3.91 4.45 5.00
5.2893 5.6962 6.1030 6.5099 6.9168
0.435 0.504 0.579 0.659 0.744
0.818 0.940 1.07 1.21 1.36
5.3105 5.7190 6.1275 6.5360 6.9445
0.438316 0.508343 0.583557 0.663958 0.749546
0.945 1.09 1.25 1.42 1.60
3.726 4.013 4.300 4.586 4.873
0.21580 0.25028 0.28731 0.32690 0.36904
5.58 6.19 6.84
7.3237 7.7305 8.1374 8.5443 8.9511
0.834 0.929 1.03 1.13 1.25
1.52 1.68 1.86
7.3530 7.7615 8.1700 8.5785 8.9870
0.840321 0.936284 1.037434 1.143771 1.255295
1.78 1.97 2.17
5.159 5.446 5.733 6.019 6.306
0.41373 0.46098 0.51078 0.56314 0.61804
9.3580 9.7649 10.1717 10.5786 10.9855
1.36 1.48 1.61 1.74 1.88
9.3955 9.8040 10.2125 10.6210 11.0295
1.372006 1.493905 1.620990 1.753263 1.890723
6.593 6.879 7.166 7.452 7.739
0.67551 0.73552 0.79809 0.86322 0.93090
11.3924
2.02
8.026
1.00
0.0681 0.0828 0.0989
8.26
9.80 11.47
13.3
0.0215
2.23
2.64 3.08
3.56
11.4380 2.033370
0.0227
2.64
3.12 3.63
4.18
11.7992 12.2061 12.6130 13.0198
2.16 2.32 2.47 2.63
13.4267 13.8336 14.2404 14.6473 15.0542
2.80 2.97 3.15 3.33 3.52
27.0
15.4610 15.8679 16.2748 16.6817 17.0885
3.72 3.91 4.12 4.33 4.54
34.0
17.4954 17.9023 18.3091 18.7160 19.1229
4.76 4.98 5.21 5.44 5.68
19.5297 19.9366 20.3435 22.3778 24.4122
5.93 6.18 6.43 7.78 9.26
26.4 28.5 30.5 32.5 34.6 36.6 38.7 40.7
15.2 17.3
19.5 21.9
24.4
42.0 51.0 60.5 71.0 82.0 94.0 107
11.8465 12.2550 12.6635 13.0720
2.181205 2.334226 2.492435 2.655831
13.4805 13.8890 14.2975 14.7060 15.1145
2.824414 2.998184 3.177141 3.361286 3.550617
7.07
15.5230 15.9315 16.3400 16.7484 17.1569
3.745136 3.944842 4.149735 4.359816 4.575083
8.88
17.5654 17.9739 18.3824 18.7909 19.1994
4.795538 5.021180 5.252009 5.488025 5.729228
10.9 13.2 15.6
19.6079 20.0164 20.4249 22.4674 24.5099
5.975619 6.227196 6.483961 7.845593 9.336904
10.9 12.6 14.5 16.5 18.6
18.3 21.1 24.3 27.5 30.9
26.6 28.6 30.6 32.7 34.7
20.8 23.2 25.7
34.6 38.5 42.6
36.8 38.8 40.8
4.06 4.59
5.16 5.76
6.40
8.312 8.599 8.886 9.172
1.07 1.15 1.23 1.31
9.459 9.746 10.032 10.3 10.6
1.39 1.48 1.56 1.65 1.75
8.50
10.9 11.2 11.5 11.8 12.0
1.84 1.94 2.04 2.15 2.25
10.7
12.3 12.6 12.9 13.2 13.5
2.36 2.47 2.59 2.70 2.82
13.2 15.9 18.9
13.8 14.0 14.3 15.8 17.2
2.94 3.07 3.19 3.86 4.60
11.0 12.7 14.6 16.6 18.7
22.2 25.8 29.6 33.6 37.8
18.6 20.1 21.5 22.9 24.4
5.40 6.26 7.18 8.17 9.23
21.0 23.4 25.9
42.2 46.9 51.8
25.8 27.2 28.7 31.5 34.4
10.3 11.5 12.8 15.5 18.4
37.3 40.1 43.0 45.9 48.7
21.6 25.0 28.7 32.7 36.9
51.6 54.5 57.3
41.4 46.1 51.1
4.79 5.47
6.18 6.91
7.68
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.029 ft/sec (or Less)
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.024 (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.058 ft/sec (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.049 (or Less)
dule 40 Steel Pipe inches
12 Inch Asphalt-Dipped Cast Iron Pipe I. D. = 12.0000 inches (/D) = 0.000400
hf, ft per 100' pipe
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
hf, ft per 100' pipe
Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 13.1240 inches (/D) = 0.000137 V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
14 Inch Asphalt-Dipped Cast Iron Pipe I. D. = 14.0000 (/D) = 0.000343
hf, ft per 100' pipe
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
0.00325
0.284 0.312
0.00125 0.00151
0.00320
0.00448
0.340 0.369 0.397
0.00180 0.00211 0.00245
0.00445
0.00590
0.00589
0.426 0.454
0.00281 0.00320
0.0111 0.0132
0.482 0.511 0.539 0.567 0.624
0.00361 0.00405 0.00452 0.00500 0.00605
0.0155 0.0180 0.0206 0.0233 0.0306
0.681 0.738 0.794 0.851 0.993
0.0391 0.0485 0.0587 0.0698 0.0820
0.00747
0.00920
0.00752
0.00932 0.01129 0.0135
0.474 0.522
0.00350 0.00423
0.00720 0.00846 0.00981 0.01126 0.01532
0.0158 0.0182 0.0208 0.0236 0.0316
0.569 0.617 0.664 0.712 0.830
0.00504 0.00591 0.00685 0.00787 0.01071
1.135 1.277 1.418 1.560 1.702
0.02001 0.02533 0.03127 0.03784 0.04503
0.0404 0.0500 0.0604 0.0718 0.0845
0.949 1.067 1.186 1.304 1.423
0.01399 0.01770 0.02186 0.02645 0.03147
0.0950 0.109 0.124 0.140 0.156
1.844 1.986 2.128 2.269 2.411
0.05284 0.06129 0.07036 0.08005 0.09037
0.0990 0.115 0.131 0.148 0.166
1.542 1.660 1.779 1.897 2.016
0.03694 0.04284 0.04918 0.05595 0.06316
0.173 0.191 0.210 0.251 0.296
2.553 2.695 2.837 3.120 3.404
0.10131 0.11288 0.12508 0.15134 0.18011
0.184 0.203 0.224 0.272 0.321
2.135 2.253 2.372 2.609 2.846
0.07081 0.07890 0.08742 0.10578 0.12589
0.108
0.344 0.395 0.450 0.509 0.572
3.688 3.972 4.255 4.539 4.823
0.21138 0.24515 0.28142 0.32020 0.36147
0.372 0.428 0.488 0.552 0.621
3.083 3.320 3.558 3.795 4.032
0.636 0.704 0.776
5.106 5.390 5.674 5.957 6.241
0.40525 0.45153 0.50031 0.55159 0.60537
0.695 0.774 0.858
6.525 6.808 7.092 7.376 7.659
0.66165 0.72044 0.78173 0.84552 0.91181
7.943
0.98060
0.930
1.093 1.28
1.47
1.03
1.22 1.43
1.65
0.00704
0.417 0.459
0.00270 0.00327
0.500 0.542 0.584 0.625 0.729
0.00389 0.00456 0.00529 0.00608 0.00827
0.834 0.938 1.042 1.146 1.251
0.01080 0.01367 0.01688 0.02042 0.02430
1.355 1.459 1.563 1.667 1.772
0.02852 0.03308 0.03798 0.04321 0.04878
0.131 0.157 0.185
1.876 1.980 2.084 2.293 2.501
0.05469 0.06093 0.06751 0.08169 0.09722
0.14775 0.17135 0.19671 0.22381 0.25266
0.215 0.247 0.281 0.317 0.355
2.709 2.918 3.126 3.335 3.543
0.11410 0.13233 0.15190 0.17283 0.19511
4.269 4.506 4.743 4.981 5.218
0.28326 0.31560 0.34970 0.38554 0.42314
0.395 0.438 0.483
3.752 3.960 4.168 4.377 4.585
0.21874 0.24372 0.27005 0.29773 0.32676
5.455 5.692 5.929 6.166 6.404
0.46248 0.50357 0.54641 0.59099 0.63733
4.794 5.002 5.210 5.419 5.627
0.35714 0.38888 0.42196 0.45639 0.49217
6.641
0.68541
5.836
0.52930
0.0147 0.0194 0.0247 0.0370 0.0517
0.0683 0.0872
0.738
8.227 8.510 8.794 9.078
1.05189 1.12569 1.20198 1.28078
6.878 7.115 7.352 7.589
0.73524 0.78682 0.84015 0.89523
9.361 9.645 9.929 10.212 10.496
1.36208 1.44588 1.53219 1.62099 1.71230
7.827 8.064 8.301 8.538 8.775
0.95206 1.01063 1.07 1.13 1.20
2.92
10.780 11.064 11.347 11.631 11.915
1.80610 1.90241 2.00122 2.10253 2.20635
3.31
9.012 9.250 9.487 9.724 9.961
1.26 1.33 1.40 1.47 1.54
3.65
12.198 12.482 12.766 13.049 13.333
2.31266 2.42148 2.53280 2.64662 2.76294
4.18
10.198 10.435 10.7 10.9 11.1
1.62 1.69 1.77 1.85 1.93
4.47 5.38 6.39
13.617 13.900 14.184 15.602 17.021
2.88176 3.00308 3.12691 3.78356 4.50275
5.13 6.17 7.30
11.4 11.6 11.9 13.0 14.2
2.01 2.10 2.19 2.64 3.15
7.47 8.63 9.88 11.20 12.6
18.439 19.858 21.276 22.694 24.113
5.28448 6.12874 7.03555 8.00489 9.03677
8.55 9.92 11.4 13.0 14.7
15.4 16.6 17.8 19.0 20.2
3.69 4.28 4.92 5.60 6.32
14.1 15.7 17.4 21.0 24.8
25.531 26.950 28.368 31.205 34.042
10.13119 11.28815 12.50764 15.13425 18.01100
16.4 18.2 20.2 24.2 28.8
21.3 22.5 23.7 26.1 28.5
7.08 7.89 8.74 10.6 12.6
28.9 33.5 38.4 43.7 49.2
36.878 39.715 42.552 45.389 48.226
21.13791 24.51498 28.14219 32.01956 36.14708
34.0 39.7 45.7 51.8 58.2
30.8 33.2 35.6 37.9 40.3
55.2 61.5 68.1
51.062 40.52476 53.899 45.15259 56.736 50.03057
65.0 72.1 79.8
42.7 45.1 47.4 52.2 56.9
1.68 1.90
2.13 2.37
2.63
1.88 2.13
2.41 2.70
3.00
6.044 6.253 6.461 6.669
0.56779 0.60762 0.64880 0.69133
1.40
6.878 7.086 7.295 7.503 7.711
0.73522 0.78045 0.82704 0.87497 0.92425
1.81
7.920 8.128 8.337 8.545 8.754
0.97489 1.02687 1.08021 1.13490 1.19093
2.27
8.962 9.170 9.379 9.587 9.796
1.24832 1.30705 1.36714 1.42858 1.49137
2.78
10.004 10.212 10.421 11.463 12.505
1.55550 1.62099 1.68783 2.04227 2.43047
13.547 14.589 15.631 16.673 17.716
2.85243 3.30814 3.79761 4.32084 4.87782
10.7 12.9 15.2
18.758 19.800 20.842 22.926 25.010
5.46856 6.09306 6.75131 8.16909 9.72189
14.8 17.1 19.7 22.4 25.3
17.8 20.7 23.7 26.8 30.2
27.094 29.178 31.263 33.347 35.431
11.40972 13.23257 15.19046 17.28336 19.51130
28.3 31.6 35.0 42.3 50.4
33.9 37.8 41.9 50.6 60.0
37.515 39.599 41.684 45.852 50.020
21.87426 24.37224 27.00525 32.67636 38.88757
1.04
3.95
5.32 6.90
8.7
61.7 66.4 71.2
59.1 68.5 78.7
70.3 81.4 93.4
54.189 45.63888 58.357 52.93030 62.525 60.76182
ft/sec
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.022 ft/sec (or Less)
ft/sec
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.044 ft/sec (or Less)
al Zone Flow:
Dipped Cast Iron Pipe inches hf, ft per 100' pipe
Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 15.0000 inches (/D) = 0.000120 V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
16 Inch Asphalt-Dipped Cast Iron Pipe I. D. = 16.0000 inches (/D) = 0.000300
hf, ft per 100' pipe
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
hf, ft per 100' pipe
18 In Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 16.8760 (/D) = 0.000107 V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
0.00533
0.0112 0.0148
0.545 0.635
0.00461 0.00628
0.00769
0.479 0.558
0.00356 0.00485
0.00581
0.430 0.502
0.00288 0.00392
0.0190
0.726 0.817 0.908 0.999 1.089
0.00820 0.01037 0.01281 0.01550 0.01844
0.0129
0.638 0.718 0.798 0.878 0.957
0.00633 0.00801 0.00989 0.01197 0.01425
0.00980
0.574 0.645 0.717 0.789 0.861
0.00512 0.00648 0.00799 0.00967 0.01151
1.180 1.271 1.362 1.452 1.543
0.02165 0.02510 0.02882 0.03279 0.03701
1.037 1.117 1.197 1.277 1.356
0.01672 0.01939 0.02226 0.02533 0.02859
0.932 1.004 1.076 1.147 1.219
0.01351 0.01567 0.01799 0.02046 0.02310
0.1050 0.1256 0.148
1.634 1.725 1.816 1.997 2.179
0.04150 0.04624 0.05123 0.06199 0.07377
1.436 1.516 1.596 1.755 1.915
0.03206 0.03572 0.03957 0.04789 0.05699
1.291 1.363 1.434 1.578 1.721
0.02590 0.02886 0.03198 0.03869 0.04605
0.172 0.198 0.225 0.254 0.285
2.360 2.542 2.723 2.905 3.086
0.08658 0.10041 0.11527 0.13115 0.14806
2.074 2.234 2.394 2.553 2.713
0.06688 0.07757 0.08904 0.10131 0.11437
1.865 2.008 2.152 2.295 2.438
0.05404 0.06267 0.07195 0.08186 0.09241
0.318 0.353 0.390
3.268 3.450 3.631 3.813 3.994
0.16599 0.18494 0.20493 0.22593 0.24796
0.248
2.872 3.032 3.191 3.351 3.511
0.12822 0.14287 0.15830 0.17453 0.19154
0.200
2.582 2.725 2.869 3.012 3.156
0.10360 0.11543 0.12790 0.14101 0.15476
4.176 4.357 4.539 4.720 4.902
0.27101 0.29509 0.32020 0.34632 0.37348
0.377
3.670 3.830 3.989 4.149 4.308
0.20935 0.22795 0.24734 0.26753 0.28850
0.307
3.299 3.442 3.586 3.729 3.873
0.16915 0.18418 0.19985 0.21616 0.23310
5.084
0.40165
4.468
0.31027
4.016
0.25069
0.0284 0.0400
0.0533 0.0686
0.0859
0.600
0.0193 0.0269
0.0356 0.0454
0.0563 0.0683 0.0953
0.127 0.163
0.203
0.0148 0.0207
0.0276 0.0354
0.0441 0.0537 0.0760
0.101 0.130
0.163
5.265 5.447 5.628 5.810
0.43086 0.46108 0.49233 0.52461
1.16
5.991 6.173 6.354 6.536 6.718
0.55791 0.59223 0.62758 0.66396 0.70136
1.50
6.899 7.081 7.262 7.444 7.625
0.73978 0.77923 0.81970 0.86120 0.90372
1.88
7.807 7.988 8.170 8.352 8.533
0.94727 0.99184 1.03743 1.08405 1.13170
2.30
8.715 8.896 9.078 9.986 10.9
1.18037 1.23006 1.28078 1.54975 1.84433
11.8 12.7 13.6 14.5 15.4
2.16452 2.51033 2.88176 3.27880 3.70146
16.3 17.2 18.2 20.0 21.8
4.14974 4.62362 5.12313 6.19899 7.37731
4.38
15.2 17.6 20.2 23.0 26.0 29.2 32.6 36.2 43.5 51.9
0.855
3.31
4.50 5.87
7.42 9.15 11.05 13.0
4.628 4.787 4.947 5.106
0.33283 0.35617 0.38032 0.40525
0.718
5.266 5.425 5.585 5.745 5.904
0.43097 0.45749 0.48479 0.51289 0.54178
0.921
6.064 6.223 6.383 6.542 6.702
0.57146 0.60194 0.63320 0.66526 0.69810
1.15
6.862 7.021 7.181 7.340 7.500
0.73174 0.76617 0.80139 0.83741 0.87421
1.41
7.659 7.819 7.978 8.776 9.6
0.91181 0.95019 0.98937 1.19714 1.42470
10.4 11.2 12.0 12.8 13.6
1.67204 1.93917 2.22609 2.53280 2.85929 3.20557 3.57164 3.95750 4.78857 5.69879
3.73
5.38 6.49 7.69
14.4 15.2 16.0 17.6 19.1
23.6 8.65809 25.4 10.04133 27.2 11.5 29.0 13.1 30.9 14.8
8.99 10.4 11.9 13.5 15.3
20.7 22.3 23.9 25.5 27.1
32.7 34.5 36.3 39.9 43.6
17.2 19.2 21.2 25.5 30.2
28.7 30.3 31.9 35.1 38.3
16.6 18.5 20.5 24.8 29.5
0.535
2.01
2.69 3.49
4.160 4.303 4.446 4.590
0.26892 0.28778 0.30729 0.32743
0.584
4.733 4.877 5.020 5.164 5.307
0.34822 0.36964 0.39170 0.41441 0.43775
0.754
5.450 5.594 5.737 5.881 6.024
0.46173 0.48635 0.51161 0.53751 0.56405
0.948
6.168 6.311 6.455 6.598 6.741
0.59123 0.61905 0.64751 0.67661 0.70635
1.17
6.885 7.028 7.172 7.889 8.606
0.73672 0.76774 0.79940 0.96727 1.15113
9.323 10.040 10.758 11.475 12.192
1.35098 1.56682 1.79864 2.04646 2.31026
4.57 5.50 6.52
12.909 13.626 14.343 15.778 17.212
2.59005 2.88582 3.19759 3.86908 4.60452
6.68817 7.75669 8.9 10.1 11.4
7.63 8.81 10.1 11.5 13.0
18.646 20.081 21.515 22.949 24.384
5.40392 6.26727 7.19457 8.18582 9.24103
12.8 14.3 15.8 19.2 22.8
14.6 16.3 18.1 21.8 25.9
25.818 27.252 28.687 31.555 34.424
10.36018 11.54329 12.79035 15.47632 18.41810
0.435
1.66
2.26 2.96
61.2 71.2 81.6
47.2 50.8 54.5 58.1 61.7
34.6 40.2 46.1 52.5 59.2
35.4 41.0 47.0 53.5 60.2
41.5 44.7 47.9 51.1 54.3
26.8 31.0 35.6 40.5 45.7
30.4 35.5 40.5 46.0 51.9
37.293 40.161 43.030 45.899 48.768
21.61569 25.06908 28.77828 32.74329 36.96410
65.4 69.0 72.6 76.3 79.9
66.4 74.0 82.0 90.4 99.2
67.2 75.0 83.0 91.5 101
57.4 60.6 63.8 67.0 70.2
51.3 57.1 63.3 69.8 76.6
58.1 64.7 71.7 79.1 86.9
51.636 54.505 57.374 60.242 63.111
41.44072 46.17315 51.16139 56.40543 61.90528
83.5 87.1 90.8
108.4 118 128
110 118 128
73.4 76.6 79.8
83.7 91.2 98.9
95.0 103 112
65.980 68.848 71.717 78.889 86.060
67.66094 73.67240 79.93967 96.72700 115
93.232 100.404
135 157
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.019 ft/sec (or Less)
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.017 (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.039 ft/sec (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.034 (or Less)
dule 40 Steel Pipe inches
18 Inch Asphalt-Dipped Cast Iron Pipe I. D. = 18.0000 inches (/D) = 0.000267
hf, ft per 100' pipe
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
hf, ft per 100' pipe
Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 18.8120 inches (/D) = 0.000096 V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
20 Inch Asphalt-Dipped Cast Iron Pipe I. D. = 20.0000 (/D) = 0.000240
hf, ft per 100' pipe
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
0.00437
0.378 0.441
0.00222 0.00303
0.00328
0.346 0.404
0.00186 0.00254
0.00258
0.306 0.357
0.00146 0.00199
0.00730
0.504 0.567 0.630 0.693 0.756
0.00395 0.00500 0.00618 0.00747 0.00889
0.00554
0.462 0.519 0.577 0.635 0.693
0.00331 0.00419 0.00518 0.00626 0.00746
0.00432
0.408 0.460 0.511 0.562 0.613
0.00259 0.00328 0.00405 0.00490 0.00584
0.820 0.883 0.946 1.009 1.072
0.01044 0.01211 0.01390 0.01581 0.01785
0.750 0.808 0.866 0.923 0.981
0.00875 0.01015 0.01165 0.01325 0.01496
0.664 0.715 0.766 0.817 0.868
0.00685 0.00794 0.00912 0.0104 0.0117
1.135 1.198 1.261 1.387 1.513
0.02001 0.02230 0.02471 0.02989 0.03558
1.039 1.097 1.154 1.270 1.385
0.01677 0.01869 0.02071 0.02506 0.02982
0.919 0.970 1.021 1.123 1.225
0.0131 0.0146 0.0162 0.0196 0.0233
1.639 1.765 1.891 2.017 2.143
0.04175 0.04842 0.05559 0.06325 0.07140
1.501 1.616 1.731 1.847 1.962
0.03500 0.04059 0.04660 0.05302 0.05985
1.328 1.430 1.532 1.634 1.736
0.0274 0.0318 0.0365 0.0415 0.0468
0.139
2.269 2.396 2.522 2.648 2.774
0.08005 0.08919 0.09883 0.10896 0.11958
0.110
2.078 2.193 2.309 2.424 2.539
0.06710 0.07476 0.08284 0.09133 0.10023
0.0812
1.838 1.940 2.042 2.145 2.247
0.0525 0.0585 0.0648 0.0715 0.0785
0.211
2.900 3.026 3.152 3.278 3.404
0.13070 0.14231 0.15442 0.16702 0.18011
0.170
2.655 2.770 2.886 3.001 3.117
0.10955 0.11928 0.12943 0.13999 0.15097
0.123
2.349 2.451 2.553 2.655 2.757
0.0858 0.0934 0.1013 0.1096 0.1182
3.530
0.19370
3.232
0.16236
2.859
0.1271
0.0109 0.0152
0.0201 0.0256
0.0318 0.0386 0.0541
0.0719 0.092
0.114
0.00832 0.01162
0.0154 0.0197
0.0245 0.0298 0.0420
0.0560 0.0728
0.0910
0.00645 0.00897
0.01186 0.0152
0.0188 0.0227 0.0318
0.0422 0.0538
0.0669
3.656 3.782 3.908 4.035
0.20778 0.22236 0.23743 0.25299
0.397
4.161 4.287 4.413 4.539 4.665
0.26905 0.28561 0.30265 0.32020 0.33823
0.511
4.791 4.917 5.043 5.169 5.295
0.35676 0.37579 0.39530 0.41532 0.43582
0.639
5.421 5.548 5.674 5.800 5.926
0.45682 0.47832 0.50031 0.52279 0.54577
0.781
6.052 6.178 6.304 6.934 7.565
0.56924 0.59320 0.61766 0.74737 0.88943
8.195 8.826 9.456 10.086 10.717
1.04385 1.21062 1.38974 1.58121 1.78504
11.347 11.978 12.608 13.869 15.130
2.00122 2.22976 2.47065 2.98948 3.55773
16.390 17.651 18.912 20.173 21.434
4.17539 4.84246 5.55895 6.32485 7.14016
0.297
1.11
1.49 1.93
2.42 2.97 4.21
5.69 7.41
9.33 11.5 13.9 16.5
22.694 8.00489 23.955 8.91903 25.216 9.88258 27.738 11.95792 30.259 14.23092
3.347 3.463 3.578 3.694
0.17416 0.18638 0.19901 0.21206
0.320
3.809 3.925 4.040 4.156 4.271
0.22552 0.23940 0.25369 0.26839 0.28351
0.415
4.386 4.502 4.617 4.733 4.848
0.29904 0.31498 0.33135 0.34812 0.36531
0.525
4.964 5.079 5.194 5.310 5.425
0.38291 0.40093 0.41936 0.43820 0.45746
0.645
5.541 5.656 5.772 6.349 6.926
0.47714 0.49722 0.51773 0.62645 0.74553
7.503 8.080 8.657 9.234 9.812
0.87496 1.01474 1.16489 1.32538 1.49623
10.389 10.966 11.543 12.697 13.852
1.67743 1.86899 2.07091 2.50580 2.98211
15.006 16.160 17.315 18.469 19.623
3.49983 4.05898 4.65954 5.30152 5.98492
0.240
0.920
1.24 1.61
2.02 2.48 3.56
4.85 6.34
8.02 9.88 11.90 14.10
20.778 6.70974 21.932 7.47597 23.086 8.28363 25.395 10.02319 27.703 11.92842
2.962 3.064 3.166 3.268
0.1363 0.146 0.156 0.166
0.232
3.370 3.472 3.574 3.676 3.779
0.177 0.187 0.199 0.210 0.222
0.298
3.881 3.983 4.085 4.187 4.289
0.234 0.247 0.259 0.272 0.286
0.372
4.391 4.493 4.596 4.698 4.800
0.300 0.314 0.328 0.343 0.358
0.455
4.902 5.004 5.106 5.617 6.127
0.373 0.389 0.405 0.490 0.584
6.638 7.149 7.659 8.170 8.681
0.685 0.794 0.91 1.04 1.17
9.191 9.702 10.212 11.234 12.255
1.31 1.46 1.62 1.96 2.33
13.276 14.297 15.319 16.340 17.361
2.74 3.18 3.65 4.15 4.68
18.382 19.404 20.425 22.467 24.510
5.25 5.85 6.48 7.85 9.34
0.174
0.645
0.862 1.11
1.39 1.70 2.44
3.29 4.26
5.35 6.56 7.91 9.39
19.2 22.2 25.5 29.0 32.8
32.781 35.302 37.824 40.346 42.867
16.70156 19.36986 22.23581 25.29941 28.56066
16.50 19.1 21.9 24.9 28.1
30.012 32.321 34.629 36.938 39.246
14.0 16.2 18.6 21.2 23.9
11.0 12.7 14.6 16.6 18.7
26.552 28.595 30.637 32.680 34.722
10.96 12.7 14.6 16.6 18.7
36.8 40.8 45.0 49.7 54.5
45.389 47.910 50.432 52.954 55.475
32.01956 35.67612 39.53032 43.58218 47.83169
31.5 35.1 38.9 42.9 47.0
41.555 43.864 46.172 48.481 50.789
26.8 29.9 33.1 36.5 40.1
20.9 23.2 25.7 28.4 31.3
36.765 38.807 40.850 42.892 44.935
21.0 23.4 25.9 28.6 31.4
59.5 64.8 70.2 84.8 101
57.997 60.518 63.040 69.344 75.648
52.27885 56.92367 61.76613 74.73702 88.94323
51.3 55.8 60.5 73.0 86.7
53.098 55.407 57.715 63.487 69.258
43.8 47.7 51.8 62.6 74.6
34.2 37.1 40.0 48.3 57.4
46.977 49.020 51.062 56.169 61.275
34.3 37.3 40.5 49.0 58.4
118 136
81.952 88.256
104 121
101.8 118
75.030 80.801 86.573 92.344 98.116
87.5 101.5 116.5 132.5 150
67.2 77.8 89.3 102 115
66.381 71.487 76.594 81.700 86.806
68.5 79.4 91.2 103.7 117
103.888 109.659 115.431
168 187 207
129 143 158
91.912 97.018 102.125
131 146 162
ft/sec
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.015 ft/sec (or Less)
ft/sec
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.031 ft/sec (or Less)
al Zone Flow:
Dipped Cast Iron Pipe inches hf, ft per 100' pipe
Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 22.6240 inches (/D) = 0.000080 V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
24 Inch Asphalt-Dipped Cast Iron Pipe I. D. = 24.0000 inches (/D) = 0.000200
hf, ft per 100' pipe
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
hf, ft per 100' pipe
30 In Schedule 40 Steel Pipe I. D. = 29.0000 (/D) = 0.000621 V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
0.00197
0.239 0.279
0.00089 0.00121
0.00107
0.213 0.248
0.00070 0.000821 0.00096
0.00332
0.319 0.359 0.399 0.439 0.479
0.00158 0.00200 0.00247 0.00299 0.00356
0.00178
0.284 0.319 0.355 0.390 0.426
0.00125 0.00158 0.00195 0.00236 0.00281
0.519 0.559 0.599 0.638 0.678
0.00418 0.00485 0.00557 0.00634 0.00715
0.461 0.496 0.532 0.567 0.603
0.00330 0.00383 0.00440 0.00500 0.00565
0.718 0.758 0.798 0.878 0.958
0.00802 0.00893 0.00990 0.01198 0.01426
0.638 0.674 0.709 0.780 0.851
0.00633 0.00706 0.00782 0.00946 0.01126
1.038 1.117 1.197 1.277 1.357
0.01673 0.01940 0.02227 0.02534 0.02861
0.922 0.993 1.064 1.135 1.206
0.01321 0.01532 0.01759 0.02001 0.02259
0.0650
1.437 1.516 1.596 1.676 1.756
0.03208 0.03574 0.03960 0.04366 0.04791
0.0330
1.277 1.347 1.418 1.489 1.560
0.02533 0.02822 0.03127 0.03447 0.03784
0.0998
1.836 1.915 1.995 2.075 2.155
0.05237 0.05702 0.06187 0.06692 0.07217
0.0499
1.631 1.702 1.773 1.844 1.915
0.04135 0.04503 0.04886 0.05284 0.05699
2.235
0.07761
1.986
0.06129
0.00496 0.00691
0.00918 0.0117
0.0146 0.0177 0.0249
0.0332 0.0427
0.0533
0.00267 0.00371
0.0049 0.00621
0.00767 0.00928 0.0129
0.0171 0.0219
0.0272
0.00137
0.194 0.219 0.243 0.267 0.291
0.000587 0.000743 0.000917 0.001109 0.001320
0.316 0.340 0.364 0.389 0.413
0.001549 0.001797 0.002063 0.002347 0.002649
0.437 0.461 0.486 0.534 0.583
0.002970 0.003309 0.003667 0.004437 0.005280
0.631 0.680 0.729 0.777 0.826
0.006197 0.007187 0.008251 0.009387 0.010598
0.0262
0.874 0.923 0.971 1.020 1.069
0.011881 0.013238 0.014668 0.016171 0.017748
0.0398
1.117 1.166 1.214 1.263 1.311
0.019398 0.021122 0.022919 0.024789 0.026732
0.00205 0.00284
0.00376 0.00480
0.00597 0.00724 0.0102
0.0135 0.0173
0.0216
1.360 0.028749
2.314 2.394 2.474 2.554
0.08326 0.08910 0.09514 0.10137
0.188
2.634 2.714 2.793 2.873 2.953
0.10781 0.11444 0.12127 0.12830 0.13553
0.243
3.033 3.113 3.192 3.272 3.352
0.14295 0.15057 0.15840 0.16641 0.17463
0.306
3.432 3.512 3.591 3.671 3.751
0.18305 0.19166 0.20047 0.20948 0.21868
0.376
3.831 3.911 3.990 4.389 4.789
0.22809 0.23769 0.24749 0.29947 0.35639
5.188 5.587 5.986 6.385 6.784
0.41826 0.48509 0.55686 0.63358 0.71525
7.183 7.582 7.981 8.779 9.577
0.80188 0.89345 0.98997 1.19787 1.42556
10.375 11.173 11.971 12.769 13.568
1.67305 1.94034 2.22744 2.53433 2.86102
14.366 15.164 15.962 17.558 19.154
3.20751 3.57380 3.95989 4.79146 5.70224
0.140
0.533
0.721 0.935
1.18 1.45 2.07
2.80 3.66
4.62 5.67 6.85 8.13
2.057 2.128 2.199 2.269
0.06574 0.07036 0.07512 0.08005
0.0934
2.340 2.411 2.482 2.553 2.624
0.08513 0.09037 0.09576 0.10131 0.10702
0.120
2.695 2.766 2.837 2.908 2.979
0.11288 0.11890 0.12508 0.13141 0.13790
0.149
3.050 3.120 3.191 3.262 3.333
0.14454 0.15134 0.15830 0.16541 0.17268
0.181
3.404 3.475 3.546 3.901 4.255
0.18011 0.18769 0.19543 0.23647 0.28142
4.610 4.964 5.319 5.674 6.028
0.33028 0.38305 0.43972 0.50031 0.56480
6.383 6.737 7.092 7.801 8.510
0.63320 0.70551 0.78173 0.94589 1.12569
9.220 9.929 10.638 11.347 12.056
1.32112 1.53219 1.75889 2.00122 2.25919
12.766 13.475 14.184 15.602 17.021
2.53280 2.82204 3.12691 3.78356 4.50275
0.0700
0.257
0.343 0.441
0.551 0.671 0.959
1.29 1.67
2.10 2.58 3.10 3.67
1.409 1.457 1.506 1.554
0.030839 0.033003 0.035240 0.037550
0.0759
1.603 1.651 1.700 1.749 1.797
0.039933 0.042390 0.044920 0.047524 0.050201
0.098
1.846 1.894 1.943 1.991 2.040
0.052951 0.055775 0.058672 0.061642 0.064686
0.122
2.089 2.137 2.186 2.234 2.283
0.067802 0.070993 0.074256 0.077593 0.081004
0.149
2.332 2.380 2.429 2.672 2.914
0.084487 0.088044 0.091674 0.110926 0.132011
3.157 3.400 3.643 3.886 4.129
0.154930 0.179682 0.206268 0.234687 0.264939
4.372 4.614 4.857 5.343 5.829
0.297025 0.330945 0.366698 0.443704 0.528045
6.314 6.800 7.286 7.772 8.257
0.619719 0.718728 0.825070 0.938747 1.059757
8.743 9.229 9.715 10.686 11.658
1.188101 1.323779 1.466792 1.774818 2.112180
0.0563
0.211
0.284 0.368
0.464 0.571 0.816
1.11 1.43
1.80 2.21 2.67 3.16
9.54 11.1 12.7 14.4 16.3
20.750 6.69221 22.347 7.76138 23.943 8.90975 25.539 10.13731 27.135 11.4
4.29 4.96 5.68 6.42 7.22
18.439 19.858 21.276 22.694 24.113
5.28448 6.12874 7.03555 8.00489 9.03677
3.71 4.32 4.97 5.65 6.35
12.629 13.600 14.572 15.543 16.515
2.478878 2.874912 3.300281 3.754986 4.239028
18.2 20.2 22.4 24.7 27.1
28.731 30.327 31.924 33.520 35.116
12.8 14.3 15.8 17.5 19.2
8.08 9.00 9.98 11.0 12.1
25.531 10.13119 26.950 11.3 28.368 12.5 29.786 13.8 31.205 15.1
7.10 7.90 8.75 9.63 10.5
17.486 18.458 19.429 20.401 21.372
4.752405 5.295118 5.867166 6.468551 7.099271
29.7 32.4 35.2 42.4 50.4
36.712 38.308 39.905 43.895 47.885
20.9 22.8 24.7 29.9 35.6
13.2 14.3 15.5 18.7 22.3
32.623 34.042 35.460 39.006 42.552
16.5 18.0 19.5 23.6 28.1
11.5 12.5 13.6 16.4 19.5
22.344 7.759327 23.315 8.448720 24.286 9.167447 26.715 11.0926 29.144 13.2011
59.0 68.4 78.6 89.5 101
51.876 55.866 59.857 63.847 67.838
41.8 48.5 55.7 63.4 71.5
26.2 30.4 34.8 39.4 44.4
46.098 49.644 53.190 56.736 60.282
33.0 38.3 44.0 50.0 56.5
22.9 26.5 30.5 34.7 39.2
31.572 34.001 36.430 38.858 41.287
15.4930 17.9682 20.6268 23.4687 26.4939
113 126 139
71.828 75.819 79.809 87.790 95.771
80.2 89.3 99.0 120 143
49.7 55.5 61.5 74.0 88.0
63.828 67.374 70.920 78.012 85.104
63.3 70.6 78.2 94.6 113
43.9 48.9 54.2 65.5 78.0
43.716 46.144 48.573 53.430 58.288
29.7025 33.0945 36.6698 44.3704 52.8045
103.752 112 120
167 194 223
103 119 137
92.196 99 106
132 153 176
91.5 106 121
63.145 68.002 72.859 77.717 82.574
62 72 83 94 106
87.431 92.289 97.146 102 107
119 132 147 162 177
112 117 121
194 211 229
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.013 ft/sec (or Less)
For Laminar Flow: V = 0.010 (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.026 ft/sec (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = 0.020 (or Less)
dule 40 Steel Pipe inches
30 Inch Asphalt-Dipped Cast Iron Pipe I. D. = 30.0000 inches (/D) = 0.000160
hf, ft per 100' pipe
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
hf, ft per 100' pipe
36 Inch 36.0000 inches Steel Pipe Cast Iron Pipe /d = 0.000050 0.000133
I. D. =
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
hf, ft per 100' hf, ft per 100' pipe pipe
0.000540
0.182 0.204 0.227 0.250 0.272
0.000512 0.001370 0.000648 0.000800 0.000969 0.001153
0.295 0.318 0.340 0.363 0.386
0.001353 0.001569 0.001801 0.002049 0.002313
0.408 0.431 0.454 0.499 0.545
0.002594 0.002890 0.003202 0.003874 0.004611
0.590 0.635 0.681 0.726 0.772
0.005411 0.006276 0.007204 0.008197 0.009254
0.00986
0.817 0.862 0.908 0.953 0.999
0.010374 0.011559 0.012808 0.014121 0.015497
0.0148
1.044 1.089 1.135 1.180 1.225
0.016938 0.018443 0.020012 0.021645 0.023342
0.00147 0.00187
0.00231 0.00280 0.00390
0.00514 0.00652
0.00814
1.271 0.025103
0.00128 0.00163
0.00202 0.00244
0.315 0.347 0.378
0.00154 0.00187 0.00222
0.410 0.441 0.473 0.504 0.536
0.00261 0.00303 0.00347 0.00395 0.00446
0.00876
0.567 0.599 0.630 0.662 0.693
0.00500 0.00557 0.00618 0.00681 0.00747
0.0132
0.725 0.756 0.788 0.820 0.851
0.00817 0.00889 0.00965 0.01044 0.01126
0.883
0.01211
0.00343
0.00452 0.00577
0.00720
0.000988
0.00101
0.00137
0.00140
0.00181
0.00186
0.00231
0.00237
0.00285
0.00295
0.00344
0.00357
0.00517
0.00538
1.316 1.362 1.407 1.452
0.026928 0.028818 0.030771 0.032788
0.0276
1.498 1.543 1.589 1.634 1.679
0.034869 0.037015 0.039224 0.041497 0.043835
0.0354
1.725 1.770 1.816 1.861 1.906
0.046236 0.048702 0.051231 0.053825 0.056483
0.0440
1.952 1.997 2.042 2.088 2.133
0.059204 0.061990 0.064840 0.067753 0.070731
0.0535
2.179 2.224 2.269 2.496 2.723
0.073773 0.076879 0.080049 0.096859 0.115270
2.950 3.177 3.404 3.631 3.858
0.135283 0.156896 0.180110 0.204925 0.231341
4.085 4.312 4.539 4.993 5.447
0.259358 0.288977 0.320196 0.387437 0.461082
5.901 6.354 6.808 7.262 7.716
0.541131 0.627583 0.720440 0.819701 0.925365
8.170 8.624 9.078 9.986 10.893
1.037434 1.155906 1.280782 1.549747 1.844327
0.0206
0.0750
0.100 0.129
0.161 0.196 0.277
0.371 0.478
0.598 0.732
0.914 0.946 0.977 1.009
0.01299 0.01390 0.01484 0.01581
0.0248
1.040 1.072 1.103 1.135 1.166
0.0186
0.00721
0.00751
0.01682 0.01785 0.01892 0.02001 0.02114
0.00957
0.0101
0.0320
1.198 1.229 1.261 1.292 1.324
0.02230 0.02349 0.02471 0.02596 0.02724
0.0122
0.0129
0.0400
1.355 1.387 1.418 1.450 1.481
0.02855 0.02989 0.03127 0.03267 0.03411
0.0152
0.0161
0.0488
1.513 1.544 1.576 1.734 1.891
0.03558 0.03708 0.03860 0.04671 0.05559
0.0185
0.0196
0.0260
0.0276
2.049 2.206 2.364 2.522 2.679
0.06524 0.07566 0.08686 0.09883 0.11157
0.0345
0.0369
0.0442
0.0475
2.837 2.994 3.152 3.467 3.782
0.12508 0.13936 0.15442 0.18684 0.22236
0.0551
0.0593
0.0670
0.0724
0.0942
0.103
4.098 4.413 4.728 5.043 5.358
0.26096 0.30265 0.34743 0.39530 0.44626
0.126
0.139
0.162
0.180
5.674 5.989 6.304 6.934 7.565
0.50031 0.55744 0.61766 0.74737 0.88943
0.203
0.227
0.248
0.279
0.0690
0.0923 0.119
0.149 0.183 0.260
0.351 0.455
0.572 0.703
1.61
11.801 12.709 13.617 14.524 15.432
2.164522 2.510334 2.881761 3.278803 3.701461
2.83
16.340 17.248 18.156 19.063 19.971
4.149735 4.623625 5.123130 5.648251 6.198987
4.38
20.879 21.787 22.694 24.964 27.233
6.775339 7.377307 8.004891 9.685918 11.5
29.503 31.772 34.042 36.311 38.580
13.5 15.7 18.0 20.5 23.1 25.9 28.9 32.0 38.7 46.1
13.8
17.0 20.6 24.5
40.850 43.119 45.389 49.928 54.467
28.7 33.3 38.2 43.3 48.8
59.005 63.544 68.083 72.622 77.161
54.7 60.8 67.1 73.8 81.0 88.6 96.7 106
6.23
8.43 11.0
13.8
1.57
8.195 8.826 9.456 10.086 10.717
1.04385 1.21062 1.38974 1.58121 1.78504
0.540
0.617
2.77
11.347 11.978 12.608 13.238 13.869
2.00122 2.22976 2.47065 2.72389 2.98948
0.941
1.08
4.30
14.499 15.130 15.760 17.336 18.912
3.26743 3.55773 3.86038 4.67106 5.55895
1.45
1.68
2.07
2.40
2.81
3.25
3.66
4.23
4.59
5.34
5.64
6.58
8.05
9.50
10.9
12.9
14.2
16.8
17.9
21.3
22.1
26.3
34.3 49.4 67.0
41.0 58.8 80.0
87.3
105
6.19
8.39 10.9
20.488 6.52405 22.064 7.56635 23.640 8.68586 25.216 9.88258 26.792 11.15651
17.0 20.5 24.4
28.368 29.944 31.520 34.672 37.824
12.50764 13.93598 15.44153 18.68425 22.23581
54.1 62.8 72.0 82.0 92.5
28.6 33.1 38.0 43.2 48.7
40.976 44.128 47.280 50.432 53.584
26.09619 30.26540 34.74345 39.53032 44.62603
81.700 86.239 90.778 95 100
104 116 128 141 155
54.7 61.0 67.6 74.5 81.7
56.736 59.888 63.040 66.192 69.344
50.03057 55.74393 61.76613 68.09716 74.73702
104 109 113
169 184 200
89.2 97.0 105
72.496 81.68571 75.648 88.94323 78.800 96.50958 94.560 139 110 189 126
247
ft/sec
For Laminar Flow: V = #DIV/0! ft/sec (or Less)
ft/sec
For Critical Zone Flow: V = #DIV/0! ft/sec (or Less)
al Zone Flow:
42 Inch 42.0000 inches Steel Pipe Cast Iron Pipe /d = 0.000043 0.000114
48 Inch 48.0000 inches Steel Pipe Cast Iron Pipe /d = 0.000038 0.000100
I. D. =
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
hf, ft per 100' hf, ft per 100' pipe pipe
I. D. =
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
hf, ft per 100' hf, ft per 100' pipe pipe
0.232 0.000833 0.255 0.001009 0.278 0.001200 0.301 0.324 0.347 0.371 0.394
0.001409 0.001634 0.001875 0.002134 0.002409
0.417 0.440 0.463 0.486 0.509
0.002701 0.003009 0.003334 0.003676 0.004034
0.533 0.556 0.579 0.602 0.625
0.004409 0.004801 0.005209 0.005634 0.006076
0.648 0.006535
0.000471
0.00481
0.000977
0.00098
0.00164
0.00246
0.266 0.284 0.301
0.00110 0.00125 0.00141
0.000508
0.000521
0.00168
0.319 0.337 0.355 0.372 0.390
0.00158 0.00176 0.00195 0.00215 0.00236
0.000855
0.000883
0.408 0.426 0.443 0.461 0.479
0.00258 0.00281 0.00305 0.00330 0.00356
0.00252
0.00129
0.00133
0.496
0.00383
0.672 0.695 0.718 0.741
0.007010 0.007501 0.008010 0.008535
0.764 0.787 0.811 0.834 0.857
0.009077 0.009635 0.010210 0.010802 0.011411
0.880 0.903 0.926 0.949 0.973
0.012036 0.012677 0.013336 0.014011 0.014703
0.996 1.019 1.042 1.065 1.088
0.015411 0.016136 0.016878 0.017637 0.018412
1.112 1.135 1.158 1.274 1.389
0.019204 0.020012 0.020837 0.025213 0.030006
1.505 1.621 1.737 1.853 1.968
0.035215 0.040841 0.046884 0.053344 0.060220
2.084 2.200 2.316 2.547 2.779
0.067513 0.075223 0.083350 0.100853 0.120023
3.010 3.242 3.474 3.705 3.937
0.140861 0.163365 0.187536 0.213375 0.240880
4.168 4.400 4.632 5.095 5.558
0.270053 0.300892 0.333398 0.403412 0.480093
0.00343
0.514 0.532 0.550 0.567
0.00411 0.00440 0.00470 0.00500
0.00470
0.585 0.603 0.621 0.638 0.656
0.00180
0.00185
0.00532 0.00565 0.00599 0.00633 0.00669
0.00238
0.00245
0.00602
0.674 0.691 0.709 0.727 0.745
0.00706 0.00743 0.00782 0.00821 0.00862
0.00304
0.00314
0.00750
0.762 0.780 0.798 0.816 0.833
0.00903 0.00946 0.00989 0.01034 0.01079
0.00378
0.00391
0.00874
0.00915
0.00474
0.0128
0.01126 0.01173 0.01221 0.01478 0.01759
0.00458
0.0122
0.851 0.869 0.886 0.975 1.064
0.00636
0.00667
1.152 1.241 1.330 1.418 1.507
0.02064 0.02394 0.02748 0.03127 0.03530
0.00844
0.00890
0.0108
0.0114
1.596 1.684 1.773 1.950 2.128
0.03957 0.04409 0.04886 0.05912 0.07036
0.0134
0.0142
0.0163
0.0173
0.0229
0.0224
2.305 2.482 2.659 2.837 3.014
0.08257 0.09576 0.10993 0.12508 0.14120
0.0305
0.0327
0.0391
0.0422
3.191 3.369 3.546 3.901 4.255
0.15830 0.17638 0.19543 0.23647 0.28142
0.0488
0.0529
0.0598
0.0648
0.00454
0.00580
0.00720
0.00353
0.0162
0.0172
0.0208
0.0222
0.0258
0.0276
0.0314
0.0337
0.0441
0.0477
0.0591
0.0641
0.0758
0.0829
0.0944
0.104
0.115
0.127
6.021 6.484 6.947 7.410 7.874
0.563443 0.653460 0.750146 0.853499 0.963521
0.279
4.610 4.964 5.319 5.674 6.028
0.33028 0.38305 0.43972 0.50031 0.56480
0.128
0.142
8.337 8.800 9.263 9.726 10.189
1.08 1.20 1.33 1.47 1.61
0.490
6.383 6.737 7.092 7.447 7.801
0.63320 0.70551 0.78173 0.86185 0.94589
0.222
0.248
10.652 11.116 11.6 12.7 13.9
1.76 1.92 2.08 2.52 3.00
0.668
0.760
0.384
1.09
1.03383 1.12569 1.22145 1.47795 1.75889
0.341
0.946
8.156 8.510 8.865 9.751 10.638
0.484
0.548
15.1 16.2 17.4 18.5 19.7
3.52 4.08 4.69 5.33 6.02
11.524 12.4 13.3 14.2 15.1
2.06425 2.39404 2.74826 3.12691 3.52999
0.652
0.742
0.849
0.968
20.8 22.0 23.2 25.5 27.8
6.75 7.52 8.33 10.09 12.0
16.0 16.8 17.7 19.5 21.3
3.95750 4.40943 4.88580 5.91181 7.03555
1.06
1.22
1.30
1.50
1.87
2.15
30.1 32.4 34.7 37.1 39.4
14.1 16.3 18.8 21.3 24.1
2.51
2.92
3.26
3.81
41.7 44.0 46.3 48.6 50.9
27.0 30.1 33.3 36.8 40.3
4.11
4.83
5.05
5.97
53.3 55.6 57.9 69.5 81.1
44.1 48.0 52.1 75.0 102
15.6 22.3 30.4
92.6 104.2 115.8
133 169 208
39.6 50.1 67.7
0.250
0.433
1.27
1.48
1.66
1.92
2.08
2.42
2.57
2.98
3.67
4.30
4.98
5.82
6.46
7.58
8.12
9.58
10.00
11.8
23.0 8.25700 24.8 9.57616 26.6 10.99304 28.4 12.5 30.1 14.1 31.9 33.7 35.5 37.2 39.0
15.8 17.6 19.5 21.5 23.6
18.4 26.5 36.1
40.8 42.6 44.3 53.2 62.1
25.8 28.1 30.5 44.0 59.9
7.88 11.3 15.3
9.28 13.4 18.2
47.2 59.7 73.6
70.9 79.8 88.6
78.2 98.9 122.1
20.0 25.2 31.1
23.7 29.9 36.8
97.5 106.4
148 176
For Laminar Flow: V = #DIV/0! ft/sec (or Less)
For Laminar Flow: V = #DIV/0! ft/sec (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = #DIV/0! ft/sec (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = #DIV/0! ft/sec (or Less)
37.6 44.7
44.5 53.0
54 Inch 54.0000 inches Steel Pipe Cast Iron Pipe /d = 0.000033 0.000089
60 Inch 60.0000 Steel Pipe /d = 0.000030
I. D. =
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
hf, ft per 100' hf, ft per 100' pipe pipe
I. D. =
V ft/sec
V2/2g ft
hf, ft per 100' pipe
0.280 0.294 0.308
0.00122 0.00135 0.00148
0.322 0.336 0.350 0.364 0.378
0.00161 0.00176 0.00191 0.00206 0.00222
0.392
0.00239
0.000488
0.000733
0.000498
0.000748
0.227 0.000800 0.238 0.000883 0.250 0.000969 0.261 0.272 0.284 0.295 0.306
0.001059 0.001153 0.001251 0.001353 0.001459
0.318 0.001569
0.000293
0.000440
0.406 0.420 0.434 0.448
0.00257 0.00275 0.00293 0.00312
0.462 0.476 0.490 0.504 0.518
0.00332 0.00353 0.00374 0.00395 0.00418
0.532 0.546 0.560 0.574 0.588
0.00440 0.00464 0.00488 0.00513 0.00538
0.602 0.616 0.630 0.644 0.658
0.00564 0.00591 0.00618 0.00645 0.00674
0.672 0.686 0.700 0.770 0.841
0.00703 0.00732 0.00763 0.00923 0.01098
0.911 0.981 1.051 1.121 1.191
0.01289 0.01495 0.01716 0.01952 0.02204
1.261 1.331 1.401 1.541 1.681
0.02471 0.02753 0.03050 0.03691 0.04392
1.821 1.961 2.101 2.241 2.382
0.05155 0.05978 0.06863 0.07808 0.08815
2.522 2.662 2.802 3.082 3.362
0.09883 0.11011 0.12201 0.14763 0.17569
0.329 0.340 0.352 0.363
0.001683 0.001801 0.001923 0.002049
0.00138
0.374 0.386 0.397 0.408 0.420
0.002179 0.002313 0.002451 0.002594 0.002740
0.000810
0.00177
0.431 0.443 0.454 0.465 0.477
0.002890 0.003044 0.003202 0.003364 0.003530
0.00103
0.00220
0.488 0.499 0.511 0.522 0.533
0.003700 0.003874 0.004052 0.004235 0.004421
0.00128
0.00257
0.00266 0.00373
0.004611 0.004805 0.005003 0.006054 0.007204
0.00155
0.00358
0.545 0.556 0.567 0.624 0.681 0.738 0.794 0.851 0.908 0.965
0.008455 0.009806 0.011257 0.012808 0.014459
1.021 1.078 1.13 1.25 1.36
0.016210 0.018061 0.020012 0.024215 0.028818
1.48 1.59 1.70 1.82 1.93
0.033821 0.039224 0.045028 0.051231 0.057835
2.04 2.16 2.27 2.50 2.72
0.064840 0.072244 0.080049 0.096859 0.115270
0.00102
0.00134
0.00172
0.00213
0.00104
0.00476
0.00499
0.00610
0.00642
0.00760
0.00800
0.00920
0.00970
0.0129
0.0137
0.0171
0.0182
0.0219
0.0234
0.0273
0.0294
0.0333
0.0360
0.000612
0.00216
0.00285 0.00365
0.00454 0.00550 0.00766
0.0102 0.0131
0.0163 0.0198
3.642 3.922 4.203 4.483 4.763
0.20619 0.23913 0.27452 0.31234 0.35260
0.0782
2.95 3.18 3.40 3.63 3.86
0.135 0.157 0.180 0.205 0.231
0.0424
5.043 5.323 5.604 5.884 6.164
0.39530 0.44045 0.48803 0.53805 0.59051
0.137
4.08 4.31 4.54 4.77 4.99
0.259 0.289 0.320 0.353 0.387
0.0730
6.444 6.724 7.004 7.705 8.405
0.64542 0.70276 0.76254 0.92268 1.09806
0.189
0.211 0.301
0.423 0.461 0.500 0.605 0.720
0.112
0.267
5.22 5.45 5.67 6.24 6.81
9.106 9.806 10.507 11.207 11.908
1.28870 1.49459 1.71573 1.95211 2.20375
7.38 7.94 8.51 9.08 9.65
0.846 0.981 1.126 1.28 1.45
12.6 13.3 14.0 15.4 16.8
2.47065 2.75279 3.05018 3.69072 4.39226
10.21 10.78 11.3 12.5 13.6
1.62 1.81 2.00 2.42 2.88
18.2 19.6 21.0 22.4 23.8
5.15480 5.97835 6.86290 7.80846 8.81502
14.8 15.9 17.0 18.2 19.3
3.38 3.92 4.50 5.12 5.78
25.2 26.6 28.0 29.4 30.8
9.88258 11.01115 12.2 13.5 14.8
20.4 21.6 22.7 23.8 25.0
6.48 7.22 8.00 8.83 9.69
32.2 33.6 35.0 42.0 49.0
16.1 17.6 19.1 27.5 37.4
5.01 7.23 9.82
26.1 27.2 28.4 34.0 39.7
10.59 11.53 12.5 18.0 24.5
4.32 6.19 8.40
2.52 3.60 4.88
56.0 63.0 70.0
48.8 61.8 76.3
11.00 13.9 17.0
12.8 16.2 20.0
45.4 51.1 56.7
32.0 40.5 50.0
6.34 8.01 9.87
0.0713
0.124
0.358
0.408
0.465
0.530
0.586
0.668
0.715
0.820
1.02
1.18
1.38
1.59
1.80
2.07
2.26
2.62
2.77
3.22
0.158
0.213 0.275
0.344 0.420 0.600
0.806 1.04
1.32 1.62
77.0 84.1
92.3 109.8
20.6 24.5
24.2 28.8
62.4 68.1
60.5 72.0
11.9 14.1
91.1 98.1
129 149
28.7 33.2
33.7 39.0
73.8 79.4 85.1 90.8
84.6 98.1 112.6 128
16.6 19.2 22.0 25.0
For Laminar Flow: V = #DIV/0! ft/sec (or Less)
For Laminar Flow: V = #DIV/0! ft/sec (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = #DIV/0! ft/sec (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = #DIV/0! ft/sec (or Less)
Inch
72 Inch 72.0000 inches Steel Pipe Cast Iron Pipe /d = 0.000025 0.000066
inches Cast Iron Pipe 0.000080 hf, ft per 100' pipe
84 Inch
I. D. =
V ft/sec
V /2g ft 2
hf, ft per 100' hf, ft per 100' pipe pipe
I. D. = /d = V ft/sec
V /2g ft 2
0.000298
0.000446
0.158 0.000386 0.165 0.000426 0.173 0.000467 0.181 0.189 0.197 0.205 0.213
0.000511 0.000556 0.000603 0.000652 0.000704
0.221 0.000757
0.000123
0.000125
0.229 0.236 0.244 0.252
0.000812 0.000869 0.000927 0.000988
0.008240
0.260 0.268 0.276 0.284 0.292
0.001051 0.001116 0.001182 0.001251 0.001321
0.00105
0.299 0.307 0.315 0.323 0.331
0.001394 0.001468 0.001544 0.001622 0.001702
0.00131
0.339 0.347 0.355 0.362 0.370
0.001784 0.001868 0.001954 0.002042 0.002132
0.00159
0.378 0.386 0.394 0.433 0.473
0.002224 0.002317 0.002413 0.002919 0.003474
0.512 0.552 0.591 0.630 0.670
0.004078 0.004729 0.005429 0.006177 0.006973
0.709 0.749 0.788 0.867 0.946
0.007817 0.008710 0.009651 0.011678 0.013897
1.024 1.103 1.182 1.261 1.340
0.016310 0.018916 0.021715 0.024706 0.027891
1.418 1.497 1.576 1.734 1.891
0.031269 0.034840 0.038604 0.046711 0.055590
0.000621
0.00223
0.00297 0.00382
0.00476 0.00579 0.00815
0.0108 0.0140
0.0174 0.0212
0.000254
0.000258
0.174 0.000469 0.179 0.000501 0.185 0.000533
0.000342
0.191 0.197 0.203 0.208 0.214
0.000435
0.220 0.000752 0.226 0.000792 0.232 0.000833 0.237 0.00088 0.243 0.00092
0.000540
0.249 0.255 0.261 0.266 0.272
0.00096 0.00101 0.00105 0.00110 0.00115
0.000640
0.000656
0.000890
0.000913
0.278 0.284 0.289 0.318 0.347
0.00120 0.00125 0.00130 0.00158 0.00188
0.376 0.405 0.434 0.463 0.492
0.00220 0.00255 0.00293 0.00333 0.00376
0.521 0.550 0.579 0.637 0.695
0.00422 0.00470 0.00521 0.00630 0.00750
0.753 0.811 0.868 0.926 0.984
0.00880 0.01021 0.01172 0.0133 0.0151
1.042 1.100 1.16 1.27 1.39
0.0169 0.0188 0.0208 0.0252 0.0300
0.000336
0.000427
0.000530
0.00118
0.00121
0.00150
0.00155
0.00186
0.00193
0.00227
0.00235
0.00313
0.00329
0.00418
0.00438
0.00538
0.00563
0.00673
0.00703
0.00822
0.00859
0.000567 0.000602 0.000638 0.000675 0.000713
0.0460
2.049 2.206 2.364 2.522 2.679
0.065240 0.075664 0.086859 0.098826 0.111565
0.0800
2.837 2.994 3.152 3.310 3.467
0.125076 0.139360 0.154415 0.170243 0.186843
0.124
3.625 3.782 3.940 4.334 4.728
0.204214 0.222358 0.241274 0.291941 0.347434
5.122 5.516 5.910 6.304 6.698
0.407753 0.472897 0.542866 0.617661 0.697282
7.092 7.486 7.880 8.668 9.456
0.781728 0.870999 0.965096 1.167766 1.39
10.244 11.032 11.820 12.6 13.4
1.63 1.89 2.17 2.47 2.79
14.2 15.0 15.8 16.5 17.3
3.13 3.48 3.86 4.26 4.67
2.92 4.20 5.71
18.1 18.9 19.7 23.6 27.6
5.11 5.56 6.03 8.69 11.8
1.00 1.42 1.92
7.42 9.40 11.6
31.5 35.5 39.4
15.4 19.5 24.1
2.50 3.16 3.88
0.176
0.237 0.307
0.387 0.478 0.688
0.930 1.20
1.52 1.87
0.0184
1.51 1.62 1.74 1.85 1.97
0.0352 0.0408 0.0469 0.0533 0.0602
0.0320
2.08 2.20 2.32 2.43 2.55
0.0675 0.0752 0.0833 0.0919 0.1009
0.0450
0.0493
0.0637
0.0700
2.66 2.78 2.89 3.18 3.47
0.110 0.120 0.130 0.158 0.188
3.76 4.05 4.34 4.63 4.92
0.220 0.255 0.293 0.333 0.376
5.21 5.50 5.79 6.37 6.95
0.422 0.470 0.521 0.630 0.750
7.53 8.11 8.68 9.26 9.84
0.880 1.021 1.172 1.33 1.51
10.42 11.00 11.6 12.2 12.7
1.69 1.88 2.08 2.30 2.52
1.14 1.64 2.23
13.3 13.9 14.5 17.4 20.3
2.76 3.00 3.26 4.69 6.38
2.90 3.66 4.52
23.2 26.1 28.9
8.33 10.5 13.0
0.0173
0.0297
0.0850
0.0940
0.110
0.122
0.138
0.154
0.168
0.189
0.237
0.271
0.321
0.365
0.414
0.475
0.522
0.600
0.642
0.736
14.0 16.7
43.3 47.3
29.2 34.7
4.69 5.56
5.47 6.50
31.8 34.7
15.8 18.8
19.6 22.7 26.0 29.6
51.2 55.2 59.1 63.0 67.0
40.8 47.3 54.3 61.8 69.7
6.52 7.56 8.67 9.83 11.1
7.61 8.81 10.1 11.5 13.0
37.6 40.5 43.4 46.3 49.2
22.0 25.5 29.3 33.3 37.6
70.9
78.2
12.4
14.6
52.1 55.0 57.9
42.2 47.0 52.1
For Laminar Flow: V = #DIV/0! ft/sec (or Less)
For Laminar Flow: V = #DIV/0! (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = #DIV/0! ft/sec (or Less)
For Critical Zone Flow: V = #DIV/0! (or Less)
84 Inch 84.0000 inches Steel Pipe Cast Iron Pipe 0.000021 0.000057 hf, ft per 100' hf, ft per 100' pipe pipe
0.000121
0.000122
0.000203
0.000206
0.000308
0.000309
0.000425
0.000432
0.000562
0.000573
0.000717
0.000731
0.000891
0.000910
0.00108
0.00110
0.00150
0.00154
0.00199
0.00205
0.00255
0.00262
0.00316
0.00327
0.00384
0.00400
0.00810
0.00858
0.0139
0.0148
0.0212
0.0226
0.0298
0.0321
0.0398
0.0431
0.0513
0.0558
0.0640
0.0700
0.0781
0.0660
0.111
0.122
0.149
0.166
0.193
0.216
0.242
0.272
0.297
0.334
0.458 0.649 0.880
0.516 0.740 1.00
1.14 1.44 1.78
1.30 1.65 2.04
ft/sec
al Zone Flow: ft/sec
2.14 2.54
2.47 2.94
2.97 3.43 3.93 4.47 5.04
3.45 4.00 4.58 5.20 5.87
5.64 6.29 6.95
6.58 7.32 8.10
From: Crane Tech Paper #410
Physical Properties of Water Saturation Temperature Specific Pressure o F Volume ft3/lb psia 32 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 212 220 240 260 280 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
0.08859 0.12163 0.17796 0.25611 0.36292 0.50683 0.69813 0.94924 1.2750 1.6927 2.2230 2.8892 3.7184 4.7414 5.9926 7.5110 9.340 11.526 14.123 14.696 17.186 24.968 35.427 49.200 67.005 134.604 247.259 422.55 680.86 1,045.43 1,543.2 2,208.4 3,094.3
0.016022 0.016019 0.016023 0.016033 0.016050 0.016072 0.016099 0.016130 0.016165 0.016204 0.016247 0.016293 0.016343 0.016395 0.016451 0.016510 0.016572 0.016637 0.016705 0.016719 0.016775 0.016926 0.017089 0.017264 0.01745 0.01799 0.01864 0.01943 0.02043 0.02176 0.02364 0.02674 0.03662
Density lb/ft3 62.214 62.426 62.410 62.371 62.305 62.220 62.116 61.996 61.862 61.713 61.550 61.376 61.188 60.994 60.787 60.569 60.343 60.107 59.862 59.812 59.613 59.081 58.517 57.924 57.307 55.586 53.648 51.467 48.948 45.956 42.301 37.397 27.307
Absolute Viscosity lb/ gallon Centipoise () 8.3168 8.3451 8.3430 8.3378 8.3290 8.3176 8.3037 8.2877 8.2697 8.2499 8.2280 8.2048 8.1796 8.1537 8.1260 8.0969 8.0667 8.0351 8.0024 7.9957 7.9691 7.8980 7.8226 7.7433 7.6608 7.4308 7.1717 6.8801 6.5434 6.1434 5.6548 4.9993 3.6504
Note: Viscosity data taken from the NIST Internet database.
1.791 1.545 1.306 1.121 0.975 0.857 0.761 0.681 0.614 0.557 0.508 0.466 0.430 0.398 0.370 0.345 0.323 0.303 0.285 0.300 0.269 0.242 0.219 0.200 0.184 0.153 0.131 0.115 0.102 0.091 0.080 0.069 0.051
60 oF is the conventional reference temperature of water for the Specific Gravity of liquids
entional reference temperature e Specific Gravity of liquids
Water Phase Data Data on Saturation Curve 7.57
5.57
Temperatur Pressure e (F) (psia)
212.99 216.27 219.39 222.36 225.20 227.92 230.53 233.03 235.45 237.78 240.03 242.21 244.32 246.37 248.36 250.30 252.18 254.02 255.80 257.55 259.25 260.91 262.54 264.13 265.69 267.22 268.71 270.18 271.62 273.03 274.41 275.77 277.11 278.42 279.72 280.99 282.24 283.47 284.68 285.87 287.05 288.21 289.35
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57
6.14
7.71
6.43
Density (lbm/ft3)
Volume (ft3/lbm)
59.803 59.721 59.641 59.565 59.492 59.421 59.352 59.285 59.220 59.158 59.096 59.037 58.978 58.922 58.866 58.812 58.759 58.707 58.656 58.606 58.557 58.508 58.461 58.415 58.369 58.324 58.280 58.236 58.193 58.151 58.109 58.068 58.028 57.988 57.948 57.909 57.871 57.833 57.796 57.759 57.722 57.686 57.650
0.016722 0.016745 0.016767 0.016788 0.016809 0.016829 0.016849 0.016868 0.016886 0.016904 0.016922 0.016939 0.016955 0.016972 0.016988 0.017003 0.017019 0.017034 0.017049 0.017063 0.017078 0.017092 0.017105 0.017119 0.017132 0.017146 0.017159 0.017171 0.017184 0.017197 0.017209 0.017221 0.017233 0.017245 0.017257 0.017268 0.017280 0.017291 0.017302 0.017313 0.017324 0.017335 0.017346
Internal Energy (Btu/lbm)
181.28 184.59 187.73 190.73 193.59 196.34 198.97 201.51 203.95 206.31 208.58 210.79 212.93 215.01 217.02 218.99 220.90 222.76 224.57 226.34 228.07 229.76 231.42 233.04 234.62 236.17 237.70 239.19 240.65 242.09 243.51 244.89 246.26 247.60 248.92 250.22 251.49 252.75 253.99 255.21 256.42 257.60 258.77
6.29
7.29
7.43
7.43
6.71
Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound (Btu/lbm) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) Spd. (ft/s)
181.33 184.64 187.79 190.79 193.65 196.40 199.04 201.57 204.02 206.38 208.66 210.87 213.01 215.09 217.11 219.08 220.99 222.86 224.68 226.45 228.18 229.88 231.54 233.16 234.75 236.30 237.83 239.32 240.79 242.23 243.65 245.04 246.41 247.75 249.07 250.38 251.66 252.92 254.16 255.39 256.59 257.78 258.95
0.31391 0.31882 0.32346 0.32787 0.33206 0.33605 0.33988 0.34354 0.34706 0.35045 0.35371 0.35686 0.35990 0.36285 0.36570 0.36847 0.37115 0.37376 0.37630 0.37878 0.38119 0.38354 0.38583 0.38807 0.39026 0.39240 0.39449 0.39654 0.39854 0.40051 0.40243 0.40432 0.40617 0.40799 0.40978 0.41153 0.41326 0.41495 0.41662 0.41826 0.41987 0.42146 0.42302
0.89993 0.89767 0.89553 0.89350 0.89156 0.88971 0.88794 0.88625 0.88462 0.88305 0.88155 0.88009 0.87868 0.87732 0.87600 0.87472 0.87348 0.87228 0.87111 0.86997 0.86886 0.86778 0.86672 0.86570 0.86469 0.86371 0.86275 0.86182 0.86090 0.86000 0.85912 0.85826 0.85742 0.85659 0.85577 0.85498 0.85420 0.85343 0.85267 0.85193 0.85120 0.85048 0.84978
1.0077 1.0082 1.0087 1.0092 1.0097 1.0102 1.0107 1.0112 1.0116 1.0121 1.0125 1.0130 1.0134 1.0139 1.0143 1.0147 1.0152 1.0156 1.0160 1.0164 1.0168 1.0172 1.0176 1.0180 1.0184 1.0188 1.0192 1.0196 1.0200 1.0204 1.0208 1.0212 1.0215 1.0219 1.0223 1.0227 1.0230 1.0234 1.0238 1.0241 1.0245 1.0249 1.0252
5,061.3 5,055.7 5,050.2 5,044.7 5,039.1 5,033.6 5,028.1 5,022.7 5,017.3 5,011.9 5,006.5 5,001.2 4,996.0 4,990.7 4,985.6 4,980.4 4,975.4 4,970.3 4,965.3 4,960.4 4,955.5 4,950.6 4,945.8 4,941.0 4,936.2 4,931.5 4,926.9 4,922.2 4,917.7 4,913.1 4,908.6 4,904.1 4,899.6 4,895.2 4,890.9 4,886.5 4,882.2 4,877.9 4,873.7 4,869.4 4,865.2 4,861.1 4,857.0
7.71 JouleThomson (F/psia)
-0.00221 -0.00219 -0.00218 -0.00217 -0.00216 -0.00214 -0.00213 -0.00212 -0.00211 -0.00210 -0.00209 -0.00208 -0.00207 -0.00206 -0.00205 -0.00204 -0.00204 -0.00203 -0.00202 -0.00201 -0.00200 -0.00199 -0.00199 -0.00198 -0.00197 -0.00196 -0.00196 -0.00195 -0.00194 -0.00193 -0.00193 -0.00192 -0.00191 -0.00191 -0.00190 -0.00189 -0.00189 -0.00188 -0.00187 -0.00187 -0.00186 -0.00185 -0.00185
290.48 291.59 292.68 293.77 294.83 295.89 296.93 297.95 298.97 299.97 300.96 301.94 302.91 303.86 304.81 305.74 306.67 307.58 308.49 309.39 310.27 311.15 312.02 312.88 313.73 314.57 315.41 316.24 317.06 317.87 318.67 319.47 320.26 321.05 321.82 322.59 323.36 324.11 324.86 325.61 326.35 327.08 327.81 328.53 329.24 329.95 330.65 331.35 332.05
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
57.615 57.580 57.545 57.511 57.477 57.443 57.410 57.377 57.345 57.313 57.281 57.249 57.218 57.186 57.156 57.125 57.095 57.065 57.035 57.005 56.976 56.947 56.918 56.890 56.861 56.833 56.805 56.777 56.750 56.722 56.695 56.668 56.641 56.615 56.588 56.562 56.536 56.510 56.484 56.459 56.433 56.408 56.383 56.358 56.333 56.309 56.284 56.260 56.236
0.017357 0.017367 0.017378 0.017388 0.017398 0.017408 0.017419 0.017428 0.017438 0.017448 0.017458 0.017468 0.017477 0.017487 0.017496 0.017505 0.017515 0.017524 0.017533 0.017542 0.017551 0.017560 0.017569 0.017578 0.017587 0.017595 0.017604 0.017613 0.017621 0.017630 0.017638 0.017647 0.017655 0.017663 0.017671 0.017680 0.017688 0.017696 0.017704 0.017712 0.017720 0.017728 0.017736 0.017744 0.017752 0.017759 0.017767 0.017775 0.017782
259.93 261.06 262.19 263.29 264.39 265.47 266.54 267.59 268.63 269.66 270.68 271.69 272.68 273.66 274.64 275.60 276.55 277.49 278.43 279.35 280.26 281.17 282.06 282.95 283.83 284.70 285.56 286.41 287.26 288.10 288.93 289.76 290.57 291.38 292.19 292.98 293.78 294.56 295.34 296.11 296.87 297.63 298.39 299.13 299.87 300.61 301.34 302.07 302.79
260.11 261.25 262.38 263.49 264.59 265.67 266.74 267.80 268.85 269.88 270.90 271.91 272.91 273.89 274.87 275.84 276.79 277.74 278.67 279.60 280.52 281.42 282.32 283.21 284.09 284.97 285.83 286.69 287.54 288.38 289.22 290.05 290.87 291.68 292.49 293.29 294.08 294.87 295.65 296.43 297.19 297.96 298.71 299.46 300.21 300.95 301.68 302.41 303.14
0.42456 0.42608 0.42757 0.42904 0.43049 0.43193 0.43334 0.43473 0.43610 0.43746 0.43880 0.44012 0.44143 0.44271 0.44399 0.44525 0.44649 0.44772 0.44893 0.45013 0.45132 0.45250 0.45366 0.45481 0.45594 0.45707 0.45818 0.45928 0.46037 0.46145 0.46252 0.46358 0.46463 0.46567 0.46670 0.46772 0.46873 0.46973 0.47072 0.47170 0.47268 0.47364 0.47460 0.47555 0.47649 0.47742 0.47835 0.47927 0.48018
0.84908 0.84840 0.84773 0.84707 0.84642 0.84577 0.84514 0.84452 0.84390 0.84330 0.84270 0.84211 0.84153 0.84096 0.84039 0.83983 0.83928 0.83873 0.83820 0.83767 0.83714 0.83662 0.83611 0.83560 0.83510 0.83461 0.83412 0.83364 0.83316 0.83268 0.83222 0.83175 0.83129 0.83084 0.83039 0.82995 0.82951 0.82908 0.82864 0.82822 0.82780 0.82738 0.82696 0.82655 0.82615 0.82574 0.82535 0.82495 0.82456
1.0256 1.0259 1.0263 1.0266 1.0270 1.0273 1.0277 1.0280 1.0284 1.0287 1.0291 1.0294 1.0297 1.0301 1.0304 1.0307 1.0311 1.0314 1.0317 1.0321 1.0324 1.0327 1.0331 1.0334 1.0337 1.0340 1.0344 1.0347 1.0350 1.0353 1.0356 1.0360 1.0363 1.0366 1.0369 1.0372 1.0375 1.0379 1.0382 1.0385 1.0388 1.0391 1.0394 1.0397 1.0400 1.0403 1.0406 1.0409 1.0412
4,852.8 4,848.8 4,844.7 4,840.7 4,836.7 4,832.7 4,828.8 4,824.9 4,821.0 4,817.1 4,813.3 4,809.4 4,805.6 4,801.9 4,798.1 4,794.4 4,790.7 4,787.0 4,783.3 4,779.6 4,776.0 4,772.4 4,768.8 4,765.2 4,761.7 4,758.2 4,754.6 4,751.1 4,747.7 4,744.2 4,740.8 4,737.3 4,733.9 4,730.5 4,727.2 4,723.8 4,720.5 4,717.1 4,713.8 4,710.5 4,707.2 4,704.0 4,700.7 4,697.5 4,694.3 4,691.1 4,687.9 4,684.7 4,681.5
-0.00184 -0.00184 -0.00183 -0.00182 -0.00182 -0.00181 -0.00181 -0.00180 -0.00179 -0.00179 -0.00178 -0.00178 -0.00177 -0.00177 -0.00176 -0.00176 -0.00175 -0.00174 -0.00174 -0.00173 -0.00173 -0.00172 -0.00172 -0.00171 -0.00171 -0.00170 -0.00170 -0.00169 -0.00169 -0.00168 -0.00168 -0.00167 -0.00167 -0.00166 -0.00166 -0.00165 -0.00165 -0.00164 -0.00164 -0.00163 -0.00163 -0.00162 -0.00162 -0.00161 -0.00161 -0.00160 -0.00160 -0.00159 -0.00159
332.74 333.42 334.10 334.77 335.44 336.10 336.76 337.42 338.07 338.71 339.35 339.99 340.62 341.25 341.88 342.50 343.11 343.72 344.33 344.94 345.54 346.13 346.73 347.32 347.90 348.49 349.07 349.64 350.21 350.78 351.35 351.91 352.47 353.03 353.58 354.13 354.68 355.22 355.76 356.30 356.83 357.37 357.89 358.42 358.94 359.47 359.98 360.50 361.01
107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155
56.211 56.188 56.164 56.140 56.117 56.093 56.070 56.047 56.024 56.001 55.978 55.955 55.933 55.910 55.888 55.866 55.844 55.822 55.800 55.778 55.756 55.735 55.713 55.692 55.671 55.649 55.628 55.607 55.586 55.566 55.545 55.524 55.504 55.483 55.463 55.443 55.423 55.402 55.382 55.363 55.343 55.323 55.303 55.284 55.264 55.245 55.225 55.206 55.187
0.017790 0.017798 0.017805 0.017813 0.017820 0.017827 0.017835 0.017842 0.017850 0.017857 0.017864 0.017871 0.017879 0.017886 0.017893 0.017900 0.017907 0.017914 0.017921 0.017928 0.017935 0.017942 0.017949 0.017956 0.017963 0.017970 0.017976 0.017983 0.017990 0.017997 0.018003 0.018010 0.018017 0.018023 0.018030 0.018037 0.018043 0.018050 0.018056 0.018063 0.018069 0.018076 0.018082 0.018089 0.018095 0.018101 0.018108 0.018114 0.018120
303.50 304.21 304.92 305.62 306.31 307.00 307.69 308.37 309.05 309.72 310.39 311.05 311.71 312.36 313.02 313.66 314.31 314.94 315.58 316.21 316.84 317.46 318.08 318.70 319.31 319.92 320.52 321.13 321.73 322.32 322.91 323.50 324.09 324.67 325.25 325.83 326.40 326.97 327.54 328.10 328.66 329.22 329.78 330.33 330.88 331.43 331.97 332.51 333.05
303.86 304.57 305.28 305.98 306.68 307.37 308.06 308.75 309.43 310.10 310.77 311.44 312.10 312.76 313.42 314.07 314.71 315.36 315.99 316.63 317.26 317.89 318.51 319.13 319.75 320.36 320.97 321.57 322.17 322.77 323.37 323.96 324.55 325.14 325.72 326.30 326.88 327.45 328.02 328.59 329.15 329.72 330.28 330.83 331.39 331.94 332.48 333.03 333.57
0.48108 0.48198 0.48286 0.48375 0.48462 0.48549 0.48635 0.48721 0.48805 0.48890 0.48973 0.49056 0.49139 0.49221 0.49302 0.49383 0.49463 0.49542 0.49621 0.49700 0.49778 0.49855 0.49932 0.50008 0.50084 0.50160 0.50235 0.50309 0.50383 0.50457 0.50530 0.50602 0.50674 0.50746 0.50817 0.50888 0.50959 0.51029 0.51098 0.51168 0.51236 0.51305 0.51373 0.51440 0.51508 0.51575 0.51641 0.51707 0.51773
0.82417 0.82379 0.82340 0.82303 0.82265 0.82228 0.82191 0.82155 0.82119 0.82083 0.82047 0.82012 0.81977 0.81942 0.81907 0.81873 0.81839 0.81806 0.81772 0.81739 0.81706 0.81674 0.81641 0.81609 0.81577 0.81545 0.81514 0.81483 0.81452 0.81421 0.81390 0.81360 0.81330 0.81300 0.81270 0.81241 0.81211 0.81182 0.81153 0.81125 0.81096 0.81068 0.81040 0.81012 0.80984 0.80956 0.80929 0.80902 0.80875
1.0416 1.0419 1.0422 1.0425 1.0428 1.0431 1.0434 1.0437 1.0440 1.0443 1.0446 1.0449 1.0452 1.0455 1.0457 1.0460 1.0463 1.0466 1.0469 1.0472 1.0475 1.0478 1.0481 1.0484 1.0487 1.0490 1.0493 1.0495 1.0498 1.0501 1.0504 1.0507 1.0510 1.0513 1.0515 1.0518 1.0521 1.0524 1.0527 1.0530 1.0533 1.0535 1.0538 1.0541 1.0544 1.0547 1.0549 1.0552 1.0555
4,678.4 4,675.2 4,672.1 4,669.0 4,665.9 4,662.8 4,659.7 4,656.7 4,653.6 4,650.6 4,647.5 4,644.5 4,641.5 4,638.5 4,635.6 4,632.6 4,629.6 4,626.7 4,623.7 4,620.8 4,617.9 4,615.0 4,612.1 4,609.2 4,606.4 4,603.5 4,600.6 4,597.8 4,595.0 4,592.2 4,589.3 4,586.5 4,583.7 4,581.0 4,578.2 4,575.4 4,572.7 4,569.9 4,567.2 4,564.5 4,561.7 4,559.0 4,556.3 4,553.6 4,550.9 4,548.3 4,545.6 4,542.9 4,540.3
-0.00159 -0.00158 -0.00158 -0.00157 -0.00157 -0.00156 -0.00156 -0.00155 -0.00155 -0.00154 -0.00154 -0.00154 -0.00153 -0.00153 -0.00152 -0.00152 -0.00151 -0.00151 -0.00150 -0.00150 -0.00150 -0.00149 -0.00149 -0.00148 -0.00148 -0.00147 -0.00147 -0.00147 -0.00146 -0.00146 -0.00145 -0.00145 -0.00144 -0.00144 -0.00144 -0.00143 -0.00143 -0.00142 -0.00142 -0.00142 -0.00141 -0.00141 -0.00140 -0.00140 -0.00139 -0.00139 -0.00139 -0.00138 -0.00138
361.52 362.03 362.54 363.04 363.54 364.04 364.53 365.03 365.52 366.01 366.49 366.98 367.46 367.94 368.41 368.89 369.36 369.83 370.30 370.77 371.23 371.69 372.15 372.61 373.07 373.52 373.97 374.42 374.87 375.32 375.76 376.21 376.65 377.09 377.52 377.96 378.39 378.82 379.25 379.68 380.11 380.53 380.96 381.38 381.80
156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200
55.167 55.148 55.129 55.110 55.092 55.073 55.054 55.035 55.017 54.998 54.980 54.961 54.943 54.925 54.906 54.888 54.870 54.852 54.834 54.816 54.798 54.781 54.763 54.745 54.728 54.710 54.693 54.675 54.658 54.640 54.623 54.606 54.589 54.572 54.555 54.538 54.521 54.504 54.487 54.470 54.453 54.437 54.420 54.403 54.387
0.018127 0.018133 0.018139 0.018145 0.018152 0.018158 0.018164 0.018170 0.018176 0.018182 0.018189 0.018195 0.018201 0.018207 0.018213 0.018219 0.018225 0.018231 0.018237 0.018243 0.018249 0.018255 0.018261 0.018266 0.018272 0.018278 0.018284 0.018290 0.018296 0.018301 0.018307 0.018313 0.018319 0.018325 0.018330 0.018336 0.018342 0.018347 0.018353 0.018359 0.018364 0.018370 0.018376 0.018381 0.018387
333.59 334.12 334.66 335.19 335.71 336.24 336.76 337.28 337.79 338.31 338.82 339.33 339.84 340.34 340.85 341.35 341.85 342.35 342.84 343.33 343.82 344.31 344.80 345.28 345.76 346.24 346.72 347.20 347.67 348.15 348.62 349.09 349.55 350.02 350.48 350.94 351.40 351.86 352.32 352.77 353.22 353.67 354.12 354.57 355.02
Steam Phase Data Data on Saturation Curve
334.11 334.65 335.19 335.72 336.25 336.78 337.30 337.83 338.35 338.86 339.38 339.89 340.41 340.91 341.42 341.93 342.43 342.93 343.43 343.92 344.42 344.91 345.40 345.89 346.37 346.86 347.34 347.82 348.30 348.77 349.25 349.72 350.19 350.66 351.13 351.59 352.05 352.52 352.98 353.43 353.89 354.34 354.80 355.25 355.70
0.51838 0.51903 0.51968 0.52033 0.52097 0.52160 0.52224 0.52287 0.52349 0.52412 0.52474 0.52535 0.52597 0.52658 0.52719 0.52779 0.52840 0.52900 0.52959 0.53019 0.53078 0.53136 0.53195 0.53253 0.53311 0.53369 0.53426 0.53483 0.53540 0.53597 0.53653 0.53709 0.53765 0.53821 0.53876 0.53931 0.53986 0.54041 0.54095 0.54150 0.54203 0.54257 0.54311 0.54364 0.54417
0.80848 0.80821 0.80794 0.80768 0.80742 0.80716 0.80690 0.80664 0.80638 0.80613 0.80587 0.80562 0.80537 0.80512 0.80488 0.80463 0.80438 0.80414 0.80390 0.80366 0.80342 0.80318 0.80295 0.80271 0.80248 0.80224 0.80201 0.80178 0.80155 0.80133 0.80110 0.80088 0.80065 0.80043 0.80021 0.79999 0.79977 0.79955 0.79933 0.79912 0.79890 0.79869 0.79847 0.79826 0.79805
1.0558 1.0561 1.0563 1.0566 1.0569 1.0572 1.0575 1.0577 1.0580 1.0583 1.0586 1.0588 1.0591 1.0594 1.0597 1.0599 1.0602 1.0605 1.0608 1.0610 1.0613 1.0616 1.0619 1.0621 1.0624 1.0627 1.0629 1.0632 1.0635 1.0638 1.0640 1.0643 1.0646 1.0648 1.0651 1.0654 1.0656 1.0659 1.0662 1.0664 1.0667 1.0670 1.0672 1.0675 1.0678
4,537.6 4,535.0 4,532.4 4,529.8 4,527.1 4,524.5 4,521.9 4,519.3 4,516.8 4,514.2 4,511.6 4,509.1 4,506.5 4,504.0 4,501.4 4,498.9 4,496.4 4,493.9 4,491.3 4,488.8 4,486.3 4,483.9 4,481.4 4,478.9 4,476.4 4,474.0 4,471.5 4,469.1 4,466.6 4,464.2 4,461.7 4,459.3 4,456.9 4,454.5 4,452.1 4,449.7 4,447.3 4,444.9 4,442.5 4,440.1 4,437.8 4,435.4 4,433.1 4,430.7 4,428.4
-0.00137 -0.00137 -0.00137 -0.00136 -0.00136 -0.00135 -0.00135 -0.00135 -0.00134 -0.00134 -0.00133 -0.00133 -0.00133 -0.00132 -0.00132 -0.00131 -0.00131 -0.00131 -0.00130 -0.00130 -0.00130 -0.00129 -0.00129 -0.00128 -0.00128 -0.00128 -0.00127 -0.00127 -0.00126 -0.00126 -0.00126 -0.00125 -0.00125 -0.00125 -0.00124 -0.00124 -0.00123 -0.00123 -0.00123 -0.00122 -0.00122 -0.00122 -0.00121 -0.00121 -0.00120
Temperatur Pressure e (F) (psia)
212.99 216.27 219.39 222.36 225.20 227.92 230.53 233.03 235.45 237.78 240.03 242.21 244.32 246.37 248.36 250.30 252.18 254.02 255.80 257.55 259.25 260.91 262.54 264.13 265.69 267.22 268.71 270.18 271.62 273.03 274.41 275.77 277.11 278.42 279.72 280.99 282.24 283.47 284.68 285.87 287.05 288.21 289.35 290.48 291.59 292.68 293.77
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61
Density (lbm/ft3)
Volume (ft3/lbm)
0.0380 0.0404 0.0428 0.0451 0.0474 0.0498 0.0521 0.0544 0.0567 0.0590 0.0613 0.0636 0.0659 0.0682 0.0705 0.0727 0.0750 0.0773 0.0795 0.0818 0.0840 0.0863 0.0885 0.0908 0.0930 0.0952 0.0975 0.0997 0.1019 0.1041 0.1064 0.1086 0.1108 0.1130 0.1152 0.1174 0.1196 0.1218 0.1240 0.1262 0.1284 0.1306 0.1328 0.1350 0.1372 0.1394 0.1415
26.2940 24.7530 23.3890 22.1710 21.0780 20.0910 19.1940 18.3770 17.6280 16.9400 16.3050 15.7180 15.1720 14.6650 14.1910 13.7470 13.3320 12.9410 12.5740 12.2270 11.8990 11.5900 11.2960 11.0170 10.7520 10.5000 10.2600 10.0300 9.8115 9.6022 9.4019 9.2101 9.0261 8.8495 8.6799 8.5168 8.3599 8.2089 8.0633 7.9230 7.7876 7.6569 7.5306 7.4085 7.2904 7.1761 7.0654
Internal Energy (Btu/lbm)
1,078.4 1,079.3 1,080.2 1,081.0 1,081.8 1,082.6 1,083.3 1,084.0 1,084.6 1,085.2 1,085.8 1,086.4 1,087.0 1,087.5 1,088.0 1,088.5 1,089.0 1,089.5 1,090.0 1,090.4 1,090.8 1,091.3 1,091.7 1,092.1 1,092.5 1,092.8 1,093.2 1,093.6 1,093.9 1,094.3 1,094.6 1,094.9 1,095.2 1,095.6 1,095.9 1,096.2 1,096.5 1,096.7 1,097.0 1,097.3 1,097.6 1,097.8 1,098.1 1,098.4 1,098.6 1,098.9 1,099.1
Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound (Btu/lbm) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) Spd. (ft/s)
1,151.4 1,152.7 1,153.8 1,154.9 1,156.0 1,157.0 1,157.9 1,158.8 1,159.7 1,160.5 1,161.3 1,162.1 1,162.8 1,163.6 1,164.2 1,164.9 1,165.6 1,166.2 1,166.8 1,167.4 1,168.0 1,168.5 1,169.1 1,169.6 1,170.1 1,170.6 1,171.1 1,171.6 1,172.0 1,172.5 1,172.9 1,173.4 1,173.8 1,174.2 1,174.6 1,175.0 1,175.4 1,175.8 1,176.2 1,176.5 1,176.9 1,177.2 1,177.6 1,177.9 1,178.3 1,178.6 1,178.9
1.7561 1.7509 1.7461 1.7415 1.7372 1.7331 1.7292 1.7254 1.7219 1.7185 1.7152 1.7121 1.7091 1.7062 1.7034 1.7007 1.6981 1.6955 1.6931 1.6907 1.6884 1.6861 1.6840 1.6818 1.6798 1.6777 1.6758 1.6739 1.6720 1.6701 1.6684 1.6666 1.6649 1.6632 1.6616 1.6599 1.6584 1.6568 1.6553 1.6538 1.6523 1.6509 1.6495 1.6481 1.6467 1.6454 1.6440
0.37220 0.37337 0.37452 0.37564 0.37674 0.37782 0.37888 0.37993 0.38095 0.38196 0.38296 0.38394 0.38491 0.38586 0.38680 0.38774 0.38866 0.38957 0.39047 0.39136 0.39224 0.39311 0.39397 0.39483 0.39568 0.39651 0.39734 0.39817 0.39898 0.39979 0.40060 0.40139 0.40218 0.40296 0.40374 0.40451 0.40527 0.40603 0.40679 0.40753 0.40828 0.40901 0.40974 0.41047 0.41119 0.41191 0.41262
0.49768 0.49949 0.50127 0.50301 0.50473 0.50641 0.50807 0.50971 0.51132 0.51291 0.51448 0.51603 0.51757 0.51908 0.52058 0.52207 0.52354 0.52499 0.52643 0.52786 0.52928 0.53068 0.53207 0.53346 0.53483 0.53619 0.53754 0.53887 0.54020 0.54153 0.54284 0.54414 0.54543 0.54672 0.54800 0.54927 0.55053 0.55178 0.55303 0.55427 0.55550 0.55673 0.55794 0.55916 0.56036 0.56156 0.56275
1,550.1 1,553.1 1,556.0 1,558.7 1,561.2 1,563.6 1,565.9 1,568.0 1,570.1 1,572.1 1,574.0 1,575.8 1,577.5 1,579.2 1,580.8 1,582.3 1,583.8 1,585.3 1,586.7 1,588.0 1,589.3 1,590.6 1,591.8 1,593.0 1,594.2 1,595.3 1,596.4 1,597.4 1,598.5 1,599.5 1,600.4 1,601.4 1,602.3 1,603.2 1,604.1 1,605.0 1,605.8 1,606.7 1,607.5 1,608.3 1,609.0 1,609.8 1,610.5 1,611.2 1,611.9 1,612.6 1,613.3
JouleThomson (F/psia)
0.82222 0.80388 0.78710 0.77164 0.75734 0.74405 0.73165 0.72004 0.70913 0.69886 0.68915 0.67996 0.67124 0.66294 0.65503 0.64748 0.64026 0.63334 0.62671 0.62033 0.61420 0.60830 0.60261 0.59711 0.59180 0.58667 0.58170 0.57688 0.57222 0.56769 0.56329 0.55901 0.55485 0.55081 0.54687 0.54303 0.53929 0.53564 0.53207 0.52860 0.52520 0.52188 0.51863 0.51546 0.51235 0.50931 0.50633
294.83 295.89 296.93 297.95 298.97 299.97 300.96 301.94 302.91 303.86 304.81 305.74 306.67 307.58 308.49 309.39 310.27 311.15 312.02 312.88 313.73 314.57 315.41 316.24 317.06 317.87 318.67 319.47 320.26 321.05 321.82 322.59 323.36 324.11 324.86 325.61 326.35 327.08 327.81 328.53 329.24 329.95 330.65 331.35 332.05 332.74 333.42 334.10 334.77
62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110
0.1437 0.1459 0.1481 0.1503 0.1524 0.1546 0.1568 0.1589 0.1611 0.1633 0.1654 0.1676 0.1698 0.1719 0.1741 0.1762 0.1784 0.1806 0.1827 0.1849 0.1870 0.1892 0.1913 0.1935 0.1956 0.1978 0.1999 0.2021 0.2042 0.2064 0.2085 0.2106 0.2128 0.2149 0.2171 0.2192 0.2213 0.2235 0.2256 0.2277 0.2299 0.2320 0.2341 0.2363 0.2384 0.2405 0.2427 0.2448 0.2469
6.9582 6.8542 6.7534 6.6556 6.5607 6.4685 6.3789 6.2918 6.2071 6.1247 6.0446 5.9665 5.8905 5.8165 5.7443 5.6739 5.6053 5.5384 5.4730 5.4093 5.3470 5.2862 5.2267 5.1687 5.1119 5.0564 5.0021 4.9490 4.8970 4.8461 4.7963 4.7476 4.6998 4.6530 4.6071 4.5622 4.5181 4.4749 4.4326 4.3910 4.3502 4.3102 4.2709 4.2324 4.1946 4.1574 4.1209 4.0851 4.0498
1,099.4 1,099.6 1,099.8 1,100.0 1,100.3 1,100.5 1,100.7 1,100.9 1,101.1 1,101.3 1,101.5 1,101.7 1,101.9 1,102.1 1,102.3 1,102.5 1,102.7 1,102.9 1,103.1 1,103.2 1,103.4 1,103.6 1,103.8 1,103.9 1,104.1 1,104.3 1,104.4 1,104.6 1,104.7 1,104.9 1,105.0 1,105.2 1,105.4 1,105.5 1,105.6 1,105.8 1,105.9 1,106.1 1,106.2 1,106.3 1,106.5 1,106.6 1,106.8 1,106.9 1,107.0 1,107.1 1,107.3 1,107.4 1,107.5
1,179.2 1,179.5 1,179.9 1,180.2 1,180.5 1,180.7 1,181.0 1,181.3 1,181.6 1,181.9 1,182.1 1,182.4 1,182.7 1,182.9 1,183.2 1,183.4 1,183.7 1,183.9 1,184.1 1,184.4 1,184.6 1,184.8 1,185.1 1,185.3 1,185.5 1,185.7 1,185.9 1,186.1 1,186.4 1,186.6 1,186.8 1,187.0 1,187.2 1,187.4 1,187.5 1,187.7 1,187.9 1,188.1 1,188.3 1,188.5 1,188.7 1,188.8 1,189.0 1,189.2 1,189.3 1,189.5 1,189.7 1,189.8 1,190.0
1.6427 1.6415 1.6402 1.6390 1.6377 1.6365 1.6353 1.6342 1.6330 1.6319 1.6308 1.6296 1.6286 1.6275 1.6264 1.6254 1.6243 1.6233 1.6223 1.6213 1.6203 1.6193 1.6184 1.6174 1.6165 1.6155 1.6146 1.6137 1.6128 1.6119 1.6110 1.6101 1.6093 1.6084 1.6076 1.6067 1.6059 1.6051 1.6043 1.6034 1.6026 1.6019 1.6011 1.6003 1.5995 1.5988 1.5980 1.5973 1.5965
0.41333 0.41403 0.41473 0.41542 0.41611 0.41679 0.41747 0.41815 0.41882 0.41949 0.42015 0.42081 0.42147 0.42212 0.42277 0.42341 0.42405 0.42469 0.42532 0.42595 0.42658 0.42720 0.42782 0.42844 0.42905 0.42966 0.43027 0.43087 0.43147 0.43207 0.43266 0.43326 0.43384 0.43443 0.43501 0.43559 0.43617 0.43674 0.43731 0.43788 0.43845 0.43901 0.43957 0.44013 0.44068 0.44124 0.44179 0.44233 0.44288
0.56394 0.56512 0.56630 0.56746 0.56863 0.56979 0.57094 0.57208 0.57323 0.57436 0.57549 0.57662 0.57774 0.57886 0.57997 0.58107 0.58218 0.58327 0.58437 0.58545 0.58654 0.58762 0.58869 0.58976 0.59083 0.59189 0.59295 0.59401 0.59506 0.59610 0.59715 0.59819 0.59922 0.60025 0.60128 0.60231 0.60333 0.60435 0.60536 0.60637 0.60738 0.60838 0.60938 0.61038 0.61137 0.61237 0.61335 0.61434 0.61532
1,614.0 1,614.6 1,615.3 1,615.9 1,616.5 1,617.1 1,617.7 1,618.3 1,618.9 1,619.4 1,620.0 1,620.5 1,621.0 1,621.6 1,622.1 1,622.6 1,623.1 1,623.6 1,624.0 1,624.5 1,625.0 1,625.4 1,625.9 1,626.3 1,626.7 1,627.2 1,627.6 1,628.0 1,628.4 1,628.8 1,629.2 1,629.6 1,630.0 1,630.3 1,630.7 1,631.1 1,631.4 1,631.8 1,632.1 1,632.5 1,632.8 1,633.2 1,633.5 1,633.8 1,634.1 1,634.4 1,634.8 1,635.1 1,635.4
0.50342 0.50056 0.49775 0.49501 0.49231 0.48966 0.48707 0.48452 0.48201 0.47955 0.47714 0.47476 0.47242 0.47013 0.46787 0.46565 0.46346 0.46130 0.45919 0.45710 0.45504 0.45302 0.45102 0.44906 0.44712 0.44521 0.44333 0.44147 0.43964 0.43784 0.43606 0.43430 0.43256 0.43085 0.42916 0.42749 0.42585 0.42422 0.42261 0.42103 0.41946 0.41791 0.41638 0.41487 0.41337 0.41190 0.41044 0.40899 0.40756
335.44 336.10 336.76 337.42 338.07 338.71 339.35 339.99 340.62 341.25 341.88 342.50 343.11 343.72 344.33 344.94 345.54 346.13 346.73 347.32 347.90 348.49 349.07 349.64 350.21 350.78 351.35 351.91 352.47 353.03 353.58 354.13 354.68 355.22 355.76 356.30 356.83 357.37 357.89 358.42 358.94 359.47 359.98 360.50 361.01 361.52 362.03 362.54 363.04
111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159
0.2491 0.2512 0.2533 0.2554 0.2576 0.2597 0.2618 0.2639 0.2661 0.2682 0.2703 0.2724 0.2746 0.2767 0.2788 0.2809 0.2830 0.2852 0.2873 0.2894 0.2915 0.2936 0.2957 0.2979 0.3000 0.3021 0.3042 0.3063 0.3084 0.3106 0.3127 0.3148 0.3169 0.3190 0.3211 0.3232 0.3253 0.3275 0.3296 0.3317 0.3338 0.3359 0.3380 0.3401 0.3422 0.3443 0.3465 0.3486 0.3507
4.0152 3.9812 3.9478 3.9149 3.8826 3.8508 3.8196 3.7888 3.7586 3.7288 3.6996 3.6707 3.6424 3.6144 3.5870 3.5599 3.5332 3.5070 3.4811 3.4556 3.4305 3.4058 3.3814 3.3573 3.3337 3.3103 3.2873 3.2646 3.2422 3.2201 3.1984 3.1769 3.1557 3.1348 3.1142 3.0938 3.0737 3.0539 3.0343 3.0150 2.9959 2.9771 2.9585 2.9402 2.9220 2.9041 2.8864 2.8690 2.8517
1,107.6 1,107.8 1,107.9 1,108.0 1,108.1 1,108.2 1,108.3 1,108.5 1,108.6 1,108.7 1,108.8 1,108.9 1,109.0 1,109.1 1,109.2 1,109.3 1,109.4 1,109.5 1,109.6 1,109.7 1,109.8 1,109.9 1,110.0 1,110.1 1,110.2 1,110.3 1,110.4 1,110.5 1,110.6 1,110.7 1,110.8 1,110.9 1,110.9 1,111.0 1,111.1 1,111.2 1,111.3 1,111.4 1,111.5 1,111.5 1,111.6 1,111.7 1,111.8 1,111.9 1,111.9 1,112.0 1,112.1 1,112.2 1,112.3
1,190.2 1,190.3 1,190.5 1,190.6 1,190.8 1,191.0 1,191.1 1,191.3 1,191.4 1,191.5 1,191.7 1,191.8 1,192.0 1,192.1 1,192.3 1,192.4 1,192.5 1,192.7 1,192.8 1,192.9 1,193.1 1,193.2 1,193.3 1,193.4 1,193.6 1,193.7 1,193.8 1,193.9 1,194.0 1,194.2 1,194.3 1,194.4 1,194.5 1,194.6 1,194.7 1,194.9 1,195.0 1,195.1 1,195.2 1,195.3 1,195.4 1,195.5 1,195.6 1,195.7 1,195.8 1,195.9 1,196.0 1,196.1 1,196.2
1.5958 1.5950 1.5943 1.5936 1.5929 1.5922 1.5915 1.5908 1.5901 1.5894 1.5887 1.5881 1.5874 1.5867 1.5861 1.5854 1.5848 1.5841 1.5835 1.5829 1.5822 1.5816 1.5810 1.5804 1.5798 1.5792 1.5786 1.5780 1.5774 1.5768 1.5762 1.5756 1.5750 1.5744 1.5739 1.5733 1.5727 1.5722 1.5716 1.5711 1.5705 1.5700 1.5694 1.5689 1.5684 1.5678 1.5673 1.5668 1.5662
0.44342 0.44396 0.44450 0.44504 0.44557 0.44610 0.44663 0.44715 0.44768 0.44820 0.44872 0.44924 0.44975 0.45027 0.45078 0.45129 0.45179 0.45230 0.45280 0.45330 0.45380 0.45429 0.45479 0.45528 0.45577 0.45626 0.45675 0.45723 0.45772 0.45820 0.45868 0.45916 0.45963 0.46011 0.46058 0.46105 0.46152 0.46198 0.46245 0.46291 0.46337 0.46384 0.46429 0.46475 0.46521 0.46566 0.46611 0.46656 0.46701
0.61630 0.61728 0.61825 0.61922 0.62019 0.62115 0.62211 0.62307 0.62403 0.62498 0.62593 0.62688 0.62782 0.62877 0.62971 0.63064 0.63158 0.63251 0.63344 0.63437 0.63529 0.63621 0.63713 0.63805 0.63897 0.63988 0.64079 0.64170 0.64261 0.64351 0.64441 0.64531 0.64621 0.64711 0.64800 0.64889 0.64978 0.65067 0.65155 0.65244 0.65332 0.65420 0.65508 0.65595 0.65682 0.65770 0.65857 0.65943 0.66030
1,635.7 1,636.0 1,636.2 1,636.5 1,636.8 1,637.1 1,637.4 1,637.6 1,637.9 1,638.2 1,638.4 1,638.7 1,638.9 1,639.2 1,639.4 1,639.7 1,639.9 1,640.2 1,640.4 1,640.6 1,640.8 1,641.1 1,641.3 1,641.5 1,641.7 1,641.9 1,642.2 1,642.4 1,642.6 1,642.8 1,643.0 1,643.2 1,643.4 1,643.6 1,643.7 1,643.9 1,644.1 1,644.3 1,644.5 1,644.7 1,644.8 1,645.0 1,645.2 1,645.4 1,645.5 1,645.7 1,645.9 1,646.0 1,646.2
0.40615 0.40476 0.40338 0.40201 0.40066 0.39932 0.39800 0.39669 0.39540 0.39412 0.39285 0.39159 0.39035 0.38912 0.38790 0.38670 0.38550 0.38432 0.38315 0.38199 0.38084 0.37970 0.37858 0.37746 0.37635 0.37526 0.37417 0.37309 0.37203 0.37097 0.36992 0.36888 0.36785 0.36683 0.36582 0.36482 0.36382 0.36284 0.36186 0.36089 0.35993 0.35897 0.35803 0.35709 0.35616 0.35523 0.35432 0.35341 0.35251
363.54 364.04 364.53 365.03 365.52 366.01 366.49 366.98 367.46 367.94 368.41 368.89 369.36 369.83 370.30 370.77 371.23 371.69 372.15 372.61 373.07 373.52 373.97 374.42 374.87 375.32 375.76 376.21 376.65 377.09 377.52 377.96 378.39 378.82 379.25 379.68 380.11 380.53 380.96 381.38 381.80
160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200
0.3528 0.3549 0.3570 0.3591 0.3612 0.3633 0.3654 0.3675 0.3696 0.3718 0.3739 0.3760 0.3781 0.3802 0.3823 0.3844 0.3865 0.3886 0.3907 0.3928 0.3949 0.3970 0.3991 0.4012 0.4034 0.4055 0.4076 0.4097 0.4118 0.4139 0.4160 0.4181 0.4202 0.4223 0.4244 0.4265 0.4286 0.4307 0.4328 0.4349 0.4370
2.8347 2.8178 2.8012 2.7847 2.7685 2.7524 2.7365 2.7208 2.7053 2.6900 2.6748 2.6598 2.6450 2.6303 2.6159 2.6015 2.5873 2.5733 2.5594 2.5457 2.5321 2.5187 2.5054 2.4923 2.4793 2.4664 2.4537 2.4410 2.4286 2.4162 2.4040 2.3919 2.3799 2.3680 2.3563 2.3447 2.3331 2.3217 2.3104 2.2993 2.2882
1,112.3 1,112.4 1,112.5 1,112.5 1,112.6 1,112.7 1,112.8 1,112.8 1,112.9 1,113.0 1,113.0 1,113.1 1,113.2 1,113.2 1,113.3 1,113.4 1,113.4 1,113.5 1,113.6 1,113.6 1,113.7 1,113.8 1,113.8 1,113.9 1,113.9 1,114.0 1,114.1 1,114.1 1,114.2 1,114.2 1,114.3 1,114.4 1,114.4 1,114.5 1,114.5 1,114.6 1,114.6 1,114.7 1,114.7 1,114.8 1,114.8
1,196.3 1,196.4 1,196.5 1,196.6 1,196.7 1,196.8 1,196.9 1,197.0 1,197.1 1,197.2 1,197.2 1,197.3 1,197.4 1,197.5 1,197.6 1,197.7 1,197.8 1,197.8 1,197.9 1,198.0 1,198.1 1,198.2 1,198.3 1,198.3 1,198.4 1,198.5 1,198.6 1,198.6 1,198.7 1,198.8 1,198.9 1,198.9 1,199.0 1,199.1 1,199.2 1,199.2 1,199.3 1,199.4 1,199.4 1,199.5 1,199.6
1.5657 1.5652 1.5647 1.5642 1.5637 1.5632 1.5627 1.5622 1.5617 1.5612 1.5607 1.5602 1.5597 1.5592 1.5587 1.5583 1.5578 1.5573 1.5568 1.5564 1.5559 1.5554 1.5550 1.5545 1.5541 1.5536 1.5532 1.5527 1.5523 1.5518 1.5514 1.5509 1.5505 1.5500 1.5496 1.5492 1.5487 1.5483 1.5479 1.5475 1.5470
0.46746 0.46791 0.46835 0.46879 0.46924 0.46968 0.47011 0.47055 0.47099 0.47142 0.47185 0.47228 0.47271 0.47314 0.47357 0.47400 0.47442 0.47484 0.47526 0.47568 0.47610 0.47652 0.47694 0.47735 0.47777 0.47818 0.47859 0.47900 0.47941 0.47982 0.48022 0.48063 0.48103 0.48143 0.48184 0.48224 0.48263 0.48303 0.48343 0.48382 0.48422
0.66116 0.66203 0.66289 0.66375 0.66460 0.66546 0.66631 0.66716 0.66801 0.66886 0.66971 0.67055 0.67140 0.67224 0.67308 0.67392 0.67476 0.67559 0.67643 0.67726 0.67809 0.67892 0.67975 0.68057 0.68140 0.68222 0.68305 0.68387 0.68469 0.68550 0.68632 0.68714 0.68795 0.68876 0.68957 0.69038 0.69119 0.69200 0.69281 0.69361 0.69441
Auxiliary Data ( All data downloaded from NIST website: http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/fluid/ )
Reference States Internal energy Entropy
U= S=
0.0 0.0
at 273.16 K for saturated liquid. at 273.16 K for saturated liquid.
1,646.3 1,646.5 1,646.6 1,646.8 1,646.9 1,647.1 1,647.2 1,647.4 1,647.5 1,647.7 1,647.8 1,647.9 1,648.1 1,648.2 1,648.3 1,648.5 1,648.6 1,648.7 1,648.9 1,649.0 1,649.1 1,649.2 1,649.4 1,649.5 1,649.6 1,649.7 1,649.8 1,649.9 1,650.0 1,650.1 1,650.3 1,650.4 1,650.5 1,650.6 1,650.7 1,650.8 1,650.9 1,651.0 1,651.1 1,651.2 1,651.3
0.35161 0.35073 0.34985 0.34897 0.34811 0.34724 0.34639 0.34554 0.34470 0.34387 0.34304 0.34222 0.34140 0.34059 0.33979 0.33899 0.33819 0.33741 0.33663 0.33585 0.33508 0.33431 0.33355 0.33280 0.33205 0.33131 0.33057 0.32983 0.32910 0.32838 0.32766 0.32694 0.32623 0.32553 0.32483 0.32413 0.32344 0.32275 0.32207 0.32139 0.32072
Additional fluid data Critical temperature (Tc)
705.10 oF
Critical pressure (Pc)
3200.1 psia
Critical density (Dc)
20.102 lbm/ft3 0.3443
Acentric factor Normal boiling point Dipole moment
211.95 oF 1.855 Debye
7.14
7
6.29
4.57
Viscosity (cP)
Therm. Cond. (W/m*K)
Surf. Tension (lb/in)
Phase
0.28012 0.27487 0.27004 0.26557 0.26144 0.25758 0.25398 0.25060 0.24743 0.24443 0.24160 0.23892 0.23637 0.23394 0.23163 0.22943 0.22732 0.22530 0.22336 0.22150 0.21972 0.21800 0.21634 0.21474 0.21320 0.21171 0.21027 0.20887 0.20752 0.20621 0.20494 0.20371 0.20251 0.20134 0.20021 0.19911 0.19804 0.19699 0.19597 0.19498 0.19401 0.19306 0.19214
0.67927 0.67982 0.68030 0.68073 0.68111 0.68145 0.68175 0.68202 0.68225 0.68246 0.68265 0.68282 0.68297 0.68309 0.68321 0.68331 0.68339 0.68346 0.68353 0.68358 0.68362 0.68365 0.68367 0.68369 0.68370 0.68370 0.68370 0.68369 0.68367 0.68365 0.68362 0.68359 0.68356 0.68352 0.68347 0.68343 0.68338 0.68332 0.68327 0.68321 0.68315 0.68308 0.68301
0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.19124 0.19035 0.18949 0.18865 0.18782 0.18702 0.18622 0.18545 0.18469 0.18395 0.18322 0.18250 0.18180 0.18112 0.18044 0.17978 0.17913 0.17849 0.17786 0.17724 0.17663 0.17604 0.17545 0.17487 0.17431 0.17375 0.17320 0.17266 0.17212 0.17160 0.17108 0.17057 0.17007 0.16958 0.16909 0.16861 0.16814 0.16767 0.16721 0.16676 0.16631 0.16587 0.16543 0.16500 0.16458 0.16416 0.16375 0.16334 0.16293
0.68294 0.68287 0.68280 0.68272 0.68264 0.68256 0.68248 0.68240 0.68231 0.68223 0.68214 0.68205 0.68196 0.68186 0.68177 0.68168 0.68158 0.68148 0.68138 0.68129 0.68119 0.68108 0.68098 0.68088 0.68078 0.68067 0.68057 0.68046 0.68035 0.68025 0.68014 0.68003 0.67992 0.67981 0.67970 0.67959 0.67948 0.67936 0.67925 0.67914 0.67902 0.67891 0.67880 0.67868 0.67857 0.67845 0.67833 0.67822 0.67810
0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.16253 0.16214 0.16175 0.16137 0.16099 0.16061 0.16024 0.15988 0.15951 0.15916 0.15880 0.15845 0.15811 0.15776 0.15742 0.15709 0.15676 0.15643 0.15611 0.15578 0.15547 0.15515 0.15484 0.15453 0.15423 0.15393 0.15363 0.15333 0.15304 0.15275 0.15246 0.15217 0.15189 0.15161 0.15134 0.15106 0.15079 0.15052 0.15025 0.14999 0.14973 0.14947 0.14921 0.14895 0.14870 0.14845 0.14820 0.14795 0.14771
0.67798 0.67787 0.67775 0.67763 0.67751 0.67739 0.67728 0.67716 0.67704 0.67692 0.67680 0.67668 0.67656 0.67644 0.67632 0.67620 0.67608 0.67595 0.67583 0.67571 0.67559 0.67547 0.67535 0.67522 0.67510 0.67498 0.67486 0.67473 0.67461 0.67449 0.67436 0.67424 0.67412 0.67399 0.67387 0.67375 0.67362 0.67350 0.67338 0.67325 0.67313 0.67300 0.67288 0.67276 0.67263 0.67251 0.67238 0.67226 0.67213
0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.14747 0.14723 0.14699 0.14675 0.14652 0.14628 0.14605 0.14582 0.14560 0.14537 0.14515 0.14493 0.14471 0.14449 0.14427 0.14406 0.14384 0.14363 0.14342 0.14321 0.14300 0.14280 0.14259 0.14239 0.14219 0.14199 0.14179 0.14160 0.14140 0.14121 0.14101 0.14082 0.14063 0.14044 0.14026 0.14007 0.13988 0.13970 0.13952 0.13934 0.13916 0.13898 0.13880 0.13862 0.13845
0.67201 0.67189 0.67176 0.67164 0.67151 0.67139 0.67126 0.67114 0.67101 0.67089 0.67076 0.67064 0.67051 0.67039 0.67026 0.67014 0.67001 0.66989 0.66976 0.66964 0.66951 0.66939 0.66926 0.66914 0.66901 0.66889 0.66876 0.66863 0.66851 0.66838 0.66826 0.66813 0.66801 0.66788 0.66776 0.66763 0.66751 0.66738 0.66726 0.66713 0.66701 0.66688 0.66676 0.66663 0.66651
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
Viscosity (cP)
0.01229 0.01235 0.01241 0.01247 0.01252 0.01257 0.01262 0.01267 0.01272 0.01276 0.01280 0.01285 0.01289 0.01293 0.01296 0.01300 0.01304 0.01307 0.01311 0.01314 0.01317 0.01320 0.01324 0.01327 0.01330 0.01333 0.01335 0.01338 0.01341 0.01344 0.01346 0.01349 0.01351 0.01354 0.01356 0.01359 0.01361 0.01364 0.01366 0.01368 0.01371 0.01373 0.01375 0.01377 0.01379 0.01381 0.01383
Therm. Cond. (W/m*K)
0.02516 0.02536 0.02556 0.02575 0.02593 0.02611 0.02628 0.02645 0.02661 0.02676 0.02692 0.02707 0.02721 0.02735 0.02749 0.02763 0.02776 0.02789 0.02802 0.02815 0.02827 0.02839 0.02851 0.02863 0.02874 0.02886 0.02897 0.02908 0.02919 0.02929 0.02940 0.02950 0.02960 0.02971 0.02981 0.02991 0.03000 0.03010 0.03019 0.03029 0.03038 0.03047 0.03057 0.03066 0.03074 0.03083 0.03092
Phase
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
0.01385 0.01388 0.01390 0.01391 0.01393 0.01395 0.01397 0.01399 0.01401 0.01403 0.01405 0.01406 0.01408 0.01410 0.01412 0.01413 0.01415 0.01417 0.01418 0.01420 0.01422 0.01423 0.01425 0.01427 0.01428 0.01430 0.01431 0.01433 0.01434 0.01436 0.01437 0.01439 0.01440 0.01442 0.01443 0.01444 0.01446 0.01447 0.01449 0.01450 0.01451 0.01453 0.01454 0.01455 0.01457 0.01458 0.01459 0.01461 0.01462
0.03101 0.03109 0.03118 0.03126 0.03135 0.03143 0.03151 0.03159 0.03167 0.03175 0.03183 0.03191 0.03199 0.03206 0.03214 0.03222 0.03229 0.03237 0.03244 0.03251 0.03259 0.03266 0.03273 0.03280 0.03287 0.03295 0.03302 0.03309 0.03315 0.03322 0.03329 0.03336 0.03343 0.03349 0.03356 0.03363 0.03369 0.03376 0.03382 0.03389 0.03395 0.03402 0.03408 0.03414 0.03420 0.03427 0.03433 0.03439 0.03445
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
0.01463 0.01465 0.01466 0.01467 0.01468 0.01470 0.01471 0.01472 0.01473 0.01474 0.01476 0.01477 0.01478 0.01479 0.01480 0.01481 0.01483 0.01484 0.01485 0.01486 0.01487 0.01488 0.01489 0.01490 0.01492 0.01493 0.01494 0.01495 0.01496 0.01497 0.01498 0.01499 0.01500 0.01501 0.01502 0.01503 0.01504 0.01505 0.01506 0.01507 0.01508 0.01509 0.01510 0.01511 0.01512 0.01513 0.01514 0.01515 0.01516
0.03451 0.03457 0.03463 0.03469 0.03475 0.03481 0.03487 0.03493 0.03499 0.03505 0.03511 0.03517 0.03522 0.03528 0.03534 0.03539 0.03545 0.03551 0.03556 0.03562 0.03567 0.03573 0.03578 0.03584 0.03589 0.03595 0.03600 0.03606 0.03611 0.03616 0.03622 0.03627 0.03632 0.03637 0.03643 0.03648 0.03653 0.03658 0.03663 0.03668 0.03674 0.03679 0.03684 0.03689 0.03694 0.03699 0.03704 0.03709 0.03714
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
0.01517 0.01518 0.01519 0.01520 0.01521 0.01522 0.01523 0.01524 0.01525 0.01525 0.01526 0.01527 0.01528 0.01529 0.01530 0.01531 0.01532 0.01533 0.01533 0.01534 0.01535 0.01536 0.01537 0.01538 0.01539 0.01540 0.01540 0.01541 0.01542 0.01543 0.01544 0.01545 0.01545 0.01546 0.01547 0.01548 0.01549 0.01550 0.01550 0.01551 0.01552
0.03719 0.03724 0.03729 0.03733 0.03738 0.03743 0.03748 0.03753 0.03758 0.03762 0.03767 0.03772 0.03777 0.03781 0.03786 0.03791 0.03796 0.03800 0.03805 0.03810 0.03814 0.03819 0.03823 0.03828 0.03833 0.03837 0.03842 0.03846 0.03851 0.03855 0.03860 0.03864 0.03869 0.03873 0.03877 0.03882 0.03886 0.03891 0.03895 0.03899 0.03904
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
Water Phase Data Data on Saturation Curve 7.57
5.57
Temperatur Pressure e (F) (psia)
382.22 382.63 383.05 383.46 383.87 384.28 384.69 385.10 385.51 385.91 386.31 386.71 387.11 387.51 387.91 388.30 388.70 389.09 389.48 389.87 390.26 390.65 391.03 391.42 391.80 392.18 392.56 392.94 393.32 393.70 394.07 394.44 394.82 395.19 395.56 395.93 396.30 396.66 397.03 397.39 397.75 398.12 398.48
201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243
6.14
7.71
6.43
Density (lbm/ft3)
Volume (ft3/lbm)
54.370 54.354 54.337 54.321 54.305 54.288 54.272 54.256 54.240 54.224 54.207 54.191 54.175 54.160 54.144 54.128 54.112 54.096 54.080 54.065 54.049 54.034 54.018 54.002 53.987 53.971 53.956 53.941 53.925 53.910 53.895 53.880 53.864 53.849 53.834 53.819 53.804 53.789 53.774 53.759 53.744 53.729 53.715
0.018392 0.018398 0.018404 0.018409 0.018415 0.018420 0.018426 0.018431 0.018437 0.018442 0.018448 0.018453 0.018459 0.018464 0.018469 0.018475 0.018480 0.018486 0.018491 0.018496 0.018502 0.018507 0.018512 0.018518 0.018523 0.018528 0.018534 0.018539 0.018544 0.018549 0.018555 0.018560 0.018565 0.018570 0.018576 0.018581 0.018586 0.018591 0.018596 0.018601 0.018607 0.018612 0.018617
Internal Energy (Btu/lbm)
355.46 355.90 356.35 356.79 357.22 357.66 358.09 358.53 358.96 359.39 359.82 360.25 360.67 361.10 361.52 361.94 362.36 362.78 363.20 363.61 364.03 364.44 364.85 365.26 365.67 366.08 366.48 366.89 367.29 367.69 368.10 368.50 368.89 369.29 369.69 370.08 370.48 370.87 371.26 371.65 372.04 372.43 372.81
6.29
7.29
7.43
7.43
6.71
Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound (Btu/lbm) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) Spd. (ft/s)
356.15 356.59 357.04 357.48 357.92 358.36 358.80 359.24 359.67 360.11 360.54 360.97 361.40 361.83 362.25 362.68 363.10 363.52 363.95 364.36 364.78 365.20 365.61 366.03 366.44 366.85 367.26 367.67 368.08 368.48 368.89 369.29 369.70 370.10 370.50 370.89 371.29 371.69 372.08 372.48 372.87 373.26 373.65
0.54470 0.54522 0.54575 0.54627 0.54679 0.54731 0.54782 0.54834 0.54885 0.54936 0.54986 0.55037 0.55087 0.55137 0.55187 0.55237 0.55286 0.55336 0.55385 0.55434 0.55483 0.55531 0.55580 0.55628 0.55676 0.55724 0.55772 0.55819 0.55867 0.55914 0.55961 0.56008 0.56054 0.56101 0.56147 0.56193 0.56239 0.56285 0.56331 0.56376 0.56422 0.56467 0.56512
0.79784 0.79763 0.79743 0.79722 0.79701 0.79681 0.79661 0.79640 0.79620 0.79600 0.79580 0.79560 0.79541 0.79521 0.79501 0.79482 0.79462 0.79443 0.79424 0.79405 0.79386 0.79367 0.79348 0.79329 0.79310 0.79292 0.79273 0.79255 0.79236 0.79218 0.79200 0.79182 0.79163 0.79145 0.79128 0.79110 0.79092 0.79074 0.79057 0.79039 0.79022 0.79004 0.78987
1.0680 1.0683 1.0686 1.0688 1.0691 1.0694 1.0696 1.0699 1.0702 1.0704 1.0707 1.0710 1.0712 1.0715 1.0718 1.0720 1.0723 1.0726 1.0728 1.0731 1.0733 1.0736 1.0739 1.0741 1.0744 1.0747 1.0749 1.0752 1.0754 1.0757 1.0760 1.0762 1.0765 1.0767 1.0770 1.0773 1.0775 1.0778 1.0781 1.0783 1.0786 1.0788 1.0791
4,426.0 4,423.7 4,421.3 4,419.0 4,416.7 4,414.4 4,412.1 4,409.8 4,407.5 4,405.2 4,402.9 4,400.6 4,398.3 4,396.1 4,393.8 4,391.5 4,389.3 4,387.0 4,384.8 4,382.5 4,380.3 4,378.1 4,375.8 4,373.6 4,371.4 4,369.2 4,367.0 4,364.8 4,362.6 4,360.4 4,358.2 4,356.0 4,353.8 4,351.7 4,349.5 4,347.3 4,345.2 4,343.0 4,340.8 4,338.7 4,336.6 4,334.4 4,332.3
7.71 JouleThomson (F/psia)
-0.00120 -0.00120 -0.00119 -0.00119 -0.00119 -0.00118 -0.00118 -0.00117 -0.00117 -0.00117 -0.00116 -0.00116 -0.00116 -0.00115 -0.00115 -0.00114 -0.00114 -0.00114 -0.00113 -0.00113 -0.00113 -0.00112 -0.00112 -0.00112 -0.00111 -0.00111 -0.00110 -0.00110 -0.00110 -0.00109 -0.00109 -0.00109 -0.00108 -0.00108 -0.00108 -0.00107 -0.00107 -0.00106 -0.00106 -0.00106 -0.00105 -0.00105 -0.00105
398.84 399.19 399.55 399.91 400.26 400.62 400.97 401.32 401.67 402.02 402.37 402.72 403.06 403.41 403.75 404.10 404.44 404.78 405.12 405.46 405.80 406.13 406.47 406.80 407.14 407.47 407.80 408.13 408.46 408.79 409.12 409.45 409.78 410.10 410.43 410.75 411.07 411.40 411.72 412.04 412.36 412.68 412.99 413.31 413.63 413.94 414.26 414.57 414.88
244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292
53.700 53.685 53.670 53.656 53.641 53.626 53.612 53.597 53.583 53.568 53.554 53.539 53.525 53.510 53.496 53.482 53.467 53.453 53.439 53.425 53.411 53.396 53.382 53.368 53.354 53.340 53.326 53.312 53.298 53.284 53.271 53.257 53.243 53.229 53.215 53.202 53.188 53.174 53.161 53.147 53.133 53.120 53.106 53.093 53.079 53.066 53.052 53.039 53.025
0.018622 0.018627 0.018632 0.018637 0.018643 0.018648 0.018653 0.018658 0.018663 0.018668 0.018673 0.018678 0.018683 0.018688 0.018693 0.018698 0.018703 0.018708 0.018713 0.018718 0.018723 0.018728 0.018733 0.018738 0.018743 0.018748 0.018753 0.018757 0.018762 0.018767 0.018772 0.018777 0.018782 0.018787 0.018792 0.018796 0.018801 0.018806 0.018811 0.018816 0.018821 0.018825 0.018830 0.018835 0.018840 0.018845 0.018849 0.018854 0.018859
373.20 373.58 373.97 374.35 374.73 375.11 375.49 375.86 376.24 376.62 376.99 377.36 377.74 378.11 378.48 378.85 379.21 379.58 379.95 380.31 380.68 381.04 381.40 381.76 382.12 382.48 382.84 383.20 383.55 383.91 384.26 384.62 384.97 385.32 385.67 386.02 386.37 386.72 387.06 387.41 387.75 388.10 388.44 388.79 389.13 389.47 389.81 390.15 390.49
374.04 374.43 374.81 375.20 375.58 375.97 376.35 376.73 377.11 377.49 377.87 378.25 378.62 379.00 379.37 379.74 380.11 380.49 380.86 381.22 381.59 381.96 382.32 382.69 383.05 383.41 383.78 384.14 384.50 384.86 385.21 385.57 385.93 386.28 386.64 386.99 387.34 387.69 388.05 388.40 388.74 389.09 389.44 389.79 390.13 390.48 390.82 391.16 391.51
0.56557 0.56602 0.56647 0.56691 0.56735 0.56779 0.56824 0.56867 0.56911 0.56955 0.56998 0.57042 0.57085 0.57128 0.57171 0.57213 0.57256 0.57298 0.57341 0.57383 0.57425 0.57467 0.57509 0.57551 0.57592 0.57634 0.57675 0.57716 0.57757 0.57798 0.57839 0.57880 0.57920 0.57961 0.58001 0.58041 0.58081 0.58121 0.58161 0.58201 0.58241 0.58280 0.58319 0.58359 0.58398 0.58437 0.58476 0.58515 0.58553
0.78970 0.78953 0.78935 0.78918 0.78901 0.78885 0.78868 0.78851 0.78834 0.78818 0.78801 0.78785 0.78768 0.78752 0.78736 0.78719 0.78703 0.78687 0.78671 0.78655 0.78639 0.78623 0.78607 0.78592 0.78576 0.78560 0.78545 0.78529 0.78514 0.78499 0.78483 0.78468 0.78453 0.78438 0.78423 0.78407 0.78392 0.78378 0.78363 0.78348 0.78333 0.78318 0.78304 0.78289 0.78275 0.78260 0.78246 0.78231 0.78217
1.0793 1.0796 1.0799 1.0801 1.0804 1.0806 1.0809 1.0812 1.0814 1.0817 1.0819 1.0822 1.0825 1.0827 1.0830 1.0832 1.0835 1.0837 1.0840 1.0843 1.0845 1.0848 1.0850 1.0853 1.0855 1.0858 1.0861 1.0863 1.0866 1.0868 1.0871 1.0873 1.0876 1.0878 1.0881 1.0884 1.0886 1.0889 1.0891 1.0894 1.0896 1.0899 1.0901 1.0904 1.0907 1.0909 1.0912 1.0914 1.0917
4,330.1 4,328.0 4,325.9 4,323.8 4,321.7 4,319.5 4,317.4 4,315.3 4,313.2 4,311.1 4,309.1 4,307.0 4,304.9 4,302.8 4,300.7 4,298.7 4,296.6 4,294.5 4,292.5 4,290.4 4,288.4 4,286.3 4,284.3 4,282.2 4,280.2 4,278.2 4,276.1 4,274.1 4,272.1 4,270.1 4,268.0 4,266.0 4,264.0 4,262.0 4,260.0 4,258.0 4,256.0 4,254.0 4,252.1 4,250.1 4,248.1 4,246.1 4,244.1 4,242.2 4,240.2 4,238.2 4,236.3 4,234.3 4,232.4
-0.00104 -0.00104 -0.00104 -0.00103 -0.00103 -0.00103 -0.00102 -0.00102 -0.00101 -0.00101 -0.00101 -0.00100 -0.00100 -0.00100 -0.00099 -0.00099 -0.00099 -0.00098 -0.00098 -0.00098 -0.00097 -0.00097 -0.00097 -0.00096 -0.00096 -0.00096 -0.00095 -0.00095 -0.00094 -0.00094 -0.00094 -0.00093 -0.00093 -0.00093 -0.00092 -0.00092 -0.00092 -0.00091 -0.00091 -0.00091 -0.00090 -0.00090 -0.00090 -0.00089 -0.00089 -0.00089 -0.00088 -0.00088 -0.00088
415.19 415.50 415.81 416.12 416.43 416.74 417.05 417.35 417.66 417.96 418.27 418.57 418.87 419.17 419.47 419.77 420.07 420.37 420.67 420.97 421.26 421.56 421.85 422.15 422.44 422.73 423.02 423.31 423.61 423.90 424.18 424.47 424.76 425.05 425.33 425.62 425.90 426.19 426.47 426.75 427.04 427.32 427.60 427.88 428.16 428.44 428.72 429.00 429.27
293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341
53.012 52.999 52.985 52.972 52.959 52.945 52.932 52.919 52.906 52.893 52.880 52.866 52.853 52.840 52.827 52.814 52.801 52.788 52.775 52.762 52.749 52.737 52.724 52.711 52.698 52.685 52.673 52.660 52.647 52.634 52.622 52.609 52.596 52.584 52.571 52.558 52.546 52.533 52.521 52.508 52.496 52.483 52.471 52.458 52.446 52.434 52.421 52.409 52.397
0.018864 0.018868 0.018873 0.018878 0.018883 0.018887 0.018892 0.018897 0.018901 0.018906 0.018911 0.018916 0.018920 0.018925 0.018930 0.018934 0.018939 0.018944 0.018948 0.018953 0.018958 0.018962 0.018967 0.018971 0.018976 0.018981 0.018985 0.018990 0.018994 0.018999 0.019004 0.019008 0.019013 0.019017 0.019022 0.019026 0.019031 0.019036 0.019040 0.019045 0.019049 0.019054 0.019058 0.019063 0.019067 0.019072 0.019076 0.019081 0.019085
390.82 391.16 391.50 391.83 392.17 392.50 392.83 393.16 393.49 393.82 394.15 394.48 394.81 395.14 395.46 395.79 396.12 396.44 396.76 397.09 397.41 397.73 398.05 398.37 398.69 399.01 399.32 399.64 399.96 400.27 400.59 400.90 401.22 401.53 401.84 402.15 402.46 402.77 403.08 403.39 403.70 404.01 404.31 404.62 404.93 405.23 405.53 405.84 406.14
391.85 392.19 392.53 392.87 393.20 393.54 393.88 394.21 394.55 394.88 395.22 395.55 395.88 396.21 396.54 396.87 397.20 397.53 397.85 398.18 398.51 398.83 399.16 399.48 399.80 400.12 400.45 400.77 401.09 401.41 401.72 402.04 402.36 402.68 402.99 403.31 403.62 403.94 404.25 404.56 404.87 405.19 405.50 405.81 406.12 406.42 406.73 407.04 407.35
0.58592 0.58631 0.58669 0.58707 0.58746 0.58784 0.58822 0.58859 0.58897 0.58935 0.58972 0.59010 0.59047 0.59085 0.59122 0.59159 0.59196 0.59233 0.59269 0.59306 0.59343 0.59379 0.59416 0.59452 0.59488 0.59524 0.59560 0.59596 0.59632 0.59668 0.59703 0.59739 0.59775 0.59810 0.59845 0.59880 0.59916 0.59951 0.59986 0.60020 0.60055 0.60090 0.60125 0.60159 0.60194 0.60228 0.60262 0.60296 0.60330
0.78203 0.78188 0.78174 0.78160 0.78146 0.78132 0.78118 0.78104 0.78090 0.78076 0.78062 0.78049 0.78035 0.78021 0.78007 0.77994 0.77980 0.77967 0.77953 0.77940 0.77927 0.77913 0.77900 0.77887 0.77874 0.77861 0.77848 0.77834 0.77821 0.77809 0.77796 0.77783 0.77770 0.77757 0.77744 0.77732 0.77719 0.77706 0.77694 0.77681 0.77669 0.77656 0.77644 0.77631 0.77619 0.77607 0.77594 0.77582 0.77570
1.0919 1.0922 1.0924 1.0927 1.0929 1.0932 1.0935 1.0937 1.0940 1.0942 1.0945 1.0947 1.0950 1.0952 1.0955 1.0957 1.0960 1.0962 1.0965 1.0967 1.0970 1.0973 1.0975 1.0978 1.0980 1.0983 1.0985 1.0988 1.0990 1.0993 1.0995 1.0998 1.1000 1.1003 1.1005 1.1008 1.1010 1.1013 1.1016 1.1018 1.1021 1.1023 1.1026 1.1028 1.1031 1.1033 1.1036 1.1038 1.1041
4,230.4 4,228.5 4,226.5 4,224.6 4,222.6 4,220.7 4,218.8 4,216.9 4,214.9 4,213.0 4,211.1 4,209.2 4,207.3 4,205.3 4,203.4 4,201.5 4,199.6 4,197.7 4,195.8 4,194.0 4,192.1 4,190.2 4,188.3 4,186.4 4,184.5 4,182.7 4,180.8 4,178.9 4,177.1 4,175.2 4,173.3 4,171.5 4,169.6 4,167.8 4,165.9 4,164.1 4,162.2 4,160.4 4,158.6 4,156.7 4,154.9 4,153.1 4,151.2 4,149.4 4,147.6 4,145.8 4,143.9 4,142.1 4,140.3
-0.00087 -0.00087 -0.00086 -0.00086 -0.00086 -0.00085 -0.00085 -0.00085 -0.00084 -0.00084 -0.00084 -0.00083 -0.00083 -0.00083 -0.00082 -0.00082 -0.00082 -0.00081 -0.00081 -0.00081 -0.00080 -0.00080 -0.00080 -0.00079 -0.00079 -0.00079 -0.00078 -0.00078 -0.00078 -0.00077 -0.00077 -0.00077 -0.00076 -0.00076 -0.00076 -0.00075 -0.00075 -0.00075 -0.00074 -0.00074 -0.00074 -0.00073 -0.00073 -0.00073 -0.00072 -0.00072 -0.00072 -0.00071 -0.00071
429.55 429.83 430.10 430.38 430.65 430.92 431.20 431.47 431.74 432.01 432.28 432.55 432.82 433.09 433.36 433.62 433.89 434.16 434.42 434.69 434.95 435.22 435.48 435.74 436.01 436.27 436.53 436.79 437.05 437.31 437.57 437.83 438.09 438.34 438.60 438.86 439.11 439.37 439.62 439.88 440.13 440.38 440.64 440.89 441.14 441.39 441.64 441.89 442.14
342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390
52.384 52.372 52.360 52.347 52.335 52.323 52.311 52.299 52.286 52.274 52.262 52.250 52.238 52.226 52.214 52.202 52.190 52.178 52.166 52.154 52.142 52.130 52.118 52.106 52.094 52.082 52.071 52.059 52.047 52.035 52.023 52.012 52.000 51.988 51.976 51.965 51.953 51.941 51.930 51.918 51.906 51.895 51.883 51.872 51.860 51.848 51.837 51.825 51.814
0.019090 0.019094 0.019099 0.019103 0.019108 0.019112 0.019117 0.019121 0.019125 0.019130 0.019134 0.019139 0.019143 0.019148 0.019152 0.019156 0.019161 0.019165 0.019170 0.019174 0.019178 0.019183 0.019187 0.019192 0.019196 0.019200 0.019205 0.019209 0.019213 0.019218 0.019222 0.019227 0.019231 0.019235 0.019240 0.019244 0.019248 0.019253 0.019257 0.019261 0.019265 0.019270 0.019274 0.019278 0.019283 0.019287 0.019291 0.019296 0.019300
406.44 406.74 407.05 407.35 407.65 407.95 408.24 408.54 408.84 409.14 409.43 409.73 410.02 410.32 410.61 410.90 411.20 411.49 411.78 412.07 412.36 412.65 412.94 413.23 413.52 413.81 414.09 414.38 414.67 414.95 415.24 415.52 415.80 416.09 416.37 416.65 416.93 417.22 417.50 417.78 418.06 418.34 418.61 418.89 419.17 419.45 419.72 420.00 420.28
407.65 407.96 408.26 408.57 408.87 409.17 409.48 409.78 410.08 410.38 410.68 410.98 411.28 411.58 411.87 412.17 412.47 412.76 413.06 413.35 413.65 413.94 414.24 414.53 414.82 415.11 415.40 415.69 415.98 416.27 416.56 416.85 417.14 417.42 417.71 418.00 418.28 418.57 418.85 419.14 419.42 419.70 419.98 420.27 420.55 420.83 421.11 421.39 421.67
0.60365 0.60398 0.60432 0.60466 0.60500 0.60533 0.60567 0.60601 0.60634 0.60667 0.60700 0.60734 0.60767 0.60800 0.60833 0.60866 0.60898 0.60931 0.60964 0.60996 0.61029 0.61061 0.61094 0.61126 0.61158 0.61190 0.61222 0.61254 0.61286 0.61318 0.61350 0.61382 0.61413 0.61445 0.61476 0.61508 0.61539 0.61571 0.61602 0.61633 0.61664 0.61695 0.61726 0.61757 0.61788 0.61819 0.61849 0.61880 0.61911
0.77558 0.77546 0.77534 0.77522 0.77510 0.77498 0.77486 0.77474 0.77462 0.77450 0.77438 0.77427 0.77415 0.77403 0.77391 0.77380 0.77368 0.77357 0.77345 0.77334 0.77322 0.77311 0.77299 0.77288 0.77277 0.77265 0.77254 0.77243 0.77232 0.77221 0.77210 0.77198 0.77187 0.77176 0.77165 0.77154 0.77144 0.77133 0.77122 0.77111 0.77100 0.77089 0.77079 0.77068 0.77057 0.77047 0.77036 0.77025 0.77015
1.1043 1.1046 1.1048 1.1051 1.1053 1.1056 1.1058 1.1061 1.1063 1.1066 1.1068 1.1071 1.1074 1.1076 1.1079 1.1081 1.1084 1.1086 1.1089 1.1091 1.1094 1.1096 1.1099 1.1101 1.1104 1.1106 1.1109 1.1111 1.1114 1.1116 1.1119 1.1121 1.1124 1.1126 1.1129 1.1131 1.1134 1.1136 1.1139 1.1141 1.1144 1.1146 1.1149 1.1152 1.1154 1.1157 1.1159 1.1162 1.1164
4,138.5 4,136.7 4,134.9 4,133.1 4,131.3 4,129.5 4,127.7 4,125.9 4,124.1 4,122.3 4,120.6 4,118.8 4,117.0 4,115.2 4,113.4 4,111.7 4,109.9 4,108.1 4,106.4 4,104.6 4,102.8 4,101.1 4,099.3 4,097.6 4,095.8 4,094.1 4,092.3 4,090.6 4,088.8 4,087.1 4,085.4 4,083.6 4,081.9 4,080.2 4,078.4 4,076.7 4,075.0 4,073.3 4,071.6 4,069.8 4,068.1 4,066.4 4,064.7 4,063.0 4,061.3 4,059.6 4,057.9 4,056.2 4,054.5
-0.00070 -0.00070 -0.00070 -0.00069 -0.00069 -0.00069 -0.00068 -0.00068 -0.00068 -0.00067 -0.00067 -0.00067 -0.00066 -0.00066 -0.00066 -0.00065 -0.00065 -0.00065 -0.00064 -0.00064 -0.00064 -0.00063 -0.00063 -0.00063 -0.00062 -0.00062 -0.00062 -0.00061 -0.00061 -0.00061 -0.00060 -0.00060 -0.00060 -0.00059 -0.00059 -0.00059 -0.00058 -0.00058 -0.00058 -0.00057 -0.00057 -0.00057 -0.00056 -0.00056 -0.00056 -0.00055 -0.00055 -0.00055 -0.00054
442.39 442.64 442.89 443.14 443.39 443.63 443.88 444.13 444.37 444.62
391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400
51.802 51.791 51.779 51.768 51.757 51.745 51.734 51.722 51.711 51.700
0.019304 0.019308 0.019313 0.019317 0.019321 0.019325 0.019330 0.019334 0.019338 0.019342
420.55 420.83 421.10 421.37 421.65 421.92 422.19 422.46 422.73 423.01
421.95 422.23 422.51 422.78 423.06 423.34 423.61 423.89 424.16 424.44
0.61941 0.61972 0.62002 0.62033 0.62063 0.62093 0.62123 0.62153 0.62183 0.62213
0.77004 0.76994 0.76983 0.76973 0.76962 0.76952 0.76942 0.76931 0.76921 0.76911
1.1167 1.1169 1.1172 1.1174 1.1177 1.1179 1.1182 1.1184 1.1187 1.1189
4,052.8 4,051.1 4,049.4 4,047.7 4,046.0 4,044.3 4,042.6 4,041.0 4,039.3 4,037.6
-0.00054 -0.00054 -0.00053 -0.00053 -0.00053 -0.00052 -0.00052 -0.00052 -0.00051 -0.00051
Vapor Phase Data Data on Saturation Curve Temperatur Pressure e (F) (psia)
382.22 382.63 383.05 383.46 383.87 384.28 384.69 385.10 385.51 385.91 386.31 386.71 387.11 387.51 387.91 388.30 388.70 389.09 389.48 389.87 390.26 390.65 391.03 391.42 391.80 392.18 392.56 392.94 393.32 393.70 394.07 394.44 394.82
201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233
Density (lbm/ft3)
0.4391 0.4412 0.4433 0.4454 0.4476 0.4497 0.4518 0.4539 0.4560 0.4581 0.4602 0.4623 0.4644 0.4665 0.4686 0.4707 0.4728 0.4749 0.4770 0.4791 0.4812 0.4833 0.4854 0.4875 0.4896 0.4918 0.4939 0.4960 0.4981 0.5002 0.5023 0.5044 0.5065
Volume (ft3/lbm)
2.2772 2.2664 2.2556 2.2450 2.2344 2.2239 2.2136 2.2033 2.1931 2.1831 2.1731 2.1632 2.1534 2.1437 2.1340 2.1245 2.1150 2.1057 2.0964 2.0872 2.0780 2.0690 2.0600 2.0511 2.0423 2.0336 2.0249 2.0163 2.0078 1.9993 1.9909 1.9826 1.9744
Internal Energy (Btu/lbm)
1,114.9 1,114.9 1,115.0 1,115.1 1,115.1 1,115.2 1,115.2 1,115.3 1,115.3 1,115.4 1,115.4 1,115.4 1,115.5 1,115.5 1,115.6 1,115.6 1,115.7 1,115.7 1,115.8 1,115.8 1,115.9 1,115.9 1,115.9 1,116.0 1,116.0 1,116.1 1,116.1 1,116.2 1,116.2 1,116.2 1,116.3 1,116.3 1,116.4
Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound (Btu/lbm) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) Spd. (ft/s)
1,199.7 1,199.7 1,199.8 1,199.9 1,199.9 1,200.0 1,200.1 1,200.1 1,200.2 1,200.2 1,200.3 1,200.4 1,200.4 1,200.5 1,200.5 1,200.6 1,200.7 1,200.7 1,200.8 1,200.8 1,200.9 1,201.0 1,201.0 1,201.1 1,201.1 1,201.2 1,201.2 1,201.3 1,201.3 1,201.4 1,201.4 1,201.5 1,201.5
1.5466 1.5462 1.5458 1.5454 1.5450 1.5445 1.5441 1.5437 1.5433 1.5429 1.5425 1.5421 1.5417 1.5413 1.5409 1.5405 1.5401 1.5397 1.5393 1.5390 1.5386 1.5382 1.5378 1.5374 1.5370 1.5367 1.5363 1.5359 1.5355 1.5352 1.5348 1.5344 1.5341
0.48461 0.48500 0.48540 0.48579 0.48617 0.48656 0.48695 0.48733 0.48772 0.48810 0.48848 0.48887 0.48925 0.48963 0.49000 0.49038 0.49076 0.49113 0.49151 0.49188 0.49225 0.49262 0.49299 0.49336 0.49373 0.49410 0.49446 0.49483 0.49519 0.49556 0.49592 0.49628 0.49664
0.69522 0.69602 0.69682 0.69761 0.69841 0.69921 0.70000 0.70080 0.70159 0.70238 0.70317 0.70396 0.70475 0.70553 0.70632 0.70710 0.70789 0.70867 0.70945 0.71023 0.71101 0.71179 0.71256 0.71334 0.71411 0.71489 0.71566 0.71643 0.71720 0.71797 0.71874 0.71951 0.72028
1,651.4 1,651.4 1,651.5 1,651.6 1,651.7 1,651.8 1,651.9 1,652.0 1,652.1 1,652.1 1,652.2 1,652.3 1,652.4 1,652.5 1,652.5 1,652.6 1,652.7 1,652.8 1,652.8 1,652.9 1,653.0 1,653.1 1,653.1 1,653.2 1,653.3 1,653.3 1,653.4 1,653.5 1,653.5 1,653.6 1,653.6 1,653.7 1,653.8
JouleThomson (F/psia)
0.32005 0.31938 0.31872 0.31807 0.31741 0.31676 0.31612 0.31548 0.31484 0.31421 0.31358 0.31295 0.31233 0.31171 0.31110 0.31049 0.30988 0.30928 0.30868 0.30808 0.30749 0.30690 0.30632 0.30573 0.30515 0.30458 0.30400 0.30343 0.30287 0.30231 0.30175 0.30119 0.30064
395.19 395.56 395.93 396.30 396.66 397.03 397.39 397.75 398.12 398.48 398.84 399.19 399.55 399.91 400.26 400.62 400.97 401.32 401.67 402.02 402.37 402.72 403.06 403.41 403.75 404.10 404.44 404.78 405.12 405.46 405.80 406.13 406.47 406.80 407.14 407.47 407.80 408.13 408.46 408.79 409.12 409.45 409.78 410.10 410.43 410.75 411.07 411.40 411.72
234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282
0.5086 0.5107 0.5128 0.5149 0.5170 0.5191 0.5212 0.5233 0.5254 0.5276 0.5297 0.5318 0.5339 0.5360 0.5381 0.5402 0.5423 0.5444 0.5465 0.5486 0.5507 0.5528 0.5550 0.5571 0.5592 0.5613 0.5634 0.5655 0.5676 0.5697 0.5718 0.5739 0.5760 0.5782 0.5803 0.5824 0.5845 0.5866 0.5887 0.5908 0.5929 0.5950 0.5971 0.5993 0.6014 0.6035 0.6056 0.6077 0.6098
1.9662 1.9581 1.9501 1.9421 1.9342 1.9263 1.9185 1.9108 1.9032 1.8956 1.8880 1.8805 1.8731 1.8658 1.8584 1.8512 1.8440 1.8369 1.8298 1.8227 1.8158 1.8088 1.8020 1.7952 1.7884 1.7817 1.7750 1.7684 1.7618 1.7553 1.7488 1.7424 1.7360 1.7297 1.7234 1.7171 1.7109 1.7048 1.6987 1.6926 1.6866 1.6806 1.6746 1.6687 1.6629 1.6571 1.6513 1.6455 1.6398
1,116.4 1,116.4 1,116.5 1,116.5 1,116.6 1,116.6 1,116.6 1,116.7 1,116.7 1,116.7 1,116.8 1,116.8 1,116.9 1,116.9 1,116.9 1,117.0 1,117.0 1,117.0 1,117.1 1,117.1 1,117.1 1,117.2 1,117.2 1,117.2 1,117.3 1,117.3 1,117.3 1,117.4 1,117.4 1,117.4 1,117.5 1,117.5 1,117.5 1,117.5 1,117.6 1,117.6 1,117.6 1,117.7 1,117.7 1,117.7 1,117.7 1,117.8 1,117.8 1,117.8 1,117.9 1,117.9 1,117.9 1,117.9 1,118.0
1,201.6 1,201.7 1,201.7 1,201.8 1,201.8 1,201.9 1,201.9 1,201.9 1,202.0 1,202.0 1,202.1 1,202.1 1,202.2 1,202.2 1,202.3 1,202.3 1,202.4 1,202.4 1,202.5 1,202.5 1,202.5 1,202.6 1,202.6 1,202.7 1,202.7 1,202.7 1,202.8 1,202.8 1,202.9 1,202.9 1,202.9 1,203.0 1,203.0 1,203.1 1,203.1 1,203.1 1,203.2 1,203.2 1,203.2 1,203.3 1,203.3 1,203.4 1,203.4 1,203.4 1,203.5 1,203.5 1,203.5 1,203.6 1,203.6
1.5337 1.5333 1.5330 1.5326 1.5322 1.5319 1.5315 1.5312 1.5308 1.5304 1.5301 1.5297 1.5294 1.5290 1.5287 1.5283 1.5280 1.5277 1.5273 1.5270 1.5266 1.5263 1.5259 1.5256 1.5253 1.5249 1.5246 1.5243 1.5239 1.5236 1.5233 1.5230 1.5226 1.5223 1.5220 1.5217 1.5213 1.5210 1.5207 1.5204 1.5200 1.5197 1.5194 1.5191 1.5188 1.5185 1.5182 1.5178 1.5175
0.49700 0.49736 0.49772 0.49808 0.49843 0.49879 0.49914 0.49950 0.49985 0.50020 0.50055 0.50090 0.50125 0.50160 0.50195 0.50230 0.50264 0.50299 0.50333 0.50368 0.50402 0.50436 0.50470 0.50504 0.50538 0.50572 0.50606 0.50640 0.50673 0.50707 0.50740 0.50774 0.50807 0.50841 0.50874 0.50907 0.50940 0.50973 0.51006 0.51039 0.51072 0.51104 0.51137 0.51170 0.51202 0.51234 0.51267 0.51299 0.51331
0.72104 0.72181 0.72257 0.72333 0.72410 0.72486 0.72562 0.72638 0.72714 0.72789 0.72865 0.72941 0.73016 0.73092 0.73167 0.73242 0.73317 0.73392 0.73467 0.73542 0.73617 0.73692 0.73766 0.73841 0.73916 0.73990 0.74064 0.74139 0.74213 0.74287 0.74361 0.74435 0.74509 0.74583 0.74657 0.74730 0.74804 0.74877 0.74951 0.75024 0.75098 0.75171 0.75244 0.75317 0.75390 0.75463 0.75536 0.75609 0.75682
1,653.8 1,653.9 1,653.9 1,654.0 1,654.0 1,654.1 1,654.2 1,654.2 1,654.3 1,654.3 1,654.4 1,654.4 1,654.5 1,654.5 1,654.5 1,654.6 1,654.6 1,654.7 1,654.7 1,654.8 1,654.8 1,654.8 1,654.9 1,654.9 1,655.0 1,655.0 1,655.0 1,655.1 1,655.1 1,655.2 1,655.2 1,655.2 1,655.3 1,655.3 1,655.3 1,655.3 1,655.4 1,655.4 1,655.4 1,655.5 1,655.5 1,655.5 1,655.5 1,655.6 1,655.6 1,655.6 1,655.6 1,655.7 1,655.7
0.30008 0.29954 0.29899 0.29845 0.29791 0.29738 0.29684 0.29631 0.29579 0.29526 0.29474 0.29422 0.29370 0.29319 0.29268 0.29217 0.29167 0.29116 0.29066 0.29017 0.28967 0.28918 0.28869 0.28820 0.28772 0.28723 0.28675 0.28628 0.28580 0.28533 0.28486 0.28439 0.28392 0.28346 0.28300 0.28254 0.28208 0.28162 0.28117 0.28072 0.28027 0.27983 0.27938 0.27894 0.27850 0.27806 0.27763 0.27719 0.27676
412.04 412.36 412.68 412.99 413.31 413.63 413.94 414.26 414.57 414.88 415.19 415.50 415.81 416.12 416.43 416.74 417.05 417.35 417.66 417.96 418.27 418.57 418.87 419.17 419.47 419.77 420.07 420.37 420.67 420.97 421.26 421.56 421.85 422.15 422.44 422.73 423.02 423.31 423.61 423.90 424.18 424.47 424.76 425.05 425.33 425.62 425.90 426.19 426.47
283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331
0.6119 0.6140 0.6162 0.6183 0.6204 0.6225 0.6246 0.6267 0.6288 0.6310 0.6331 0.6352 0.6373 0.6394 0.6415 0.6436 0.6458 0.6479 0.6500 0.6521 0.6542 0.6563 0.6585 0.6606 0.6627 0.6648 0.6669 0.6691 0.6712 0.6733 0.6754 0.6775 0.6796 0.6818 0.6839 0.6860 0.6881 0.6903 0.6924 0.6945 0.6966 0.6987 0.7009 0.7030 0.7051 0.7072 0.7094 0.7115 0.7136
1.6342 1.6286 1.6230 1.6174 1.6119 1.6064 1.6010 1.5956 1.5902 1.5849 1.5796 1.5744 1.5691 1.5639 1.5588 1.5537 1.5486 1.5435 1.5385 1.5335 1.5285 1.5236 1.5187 1.5138 1.5090 1.5042 1.4994 1.4947 1.4899 1.4853 1.4806 1.4760 1.4714 1.4668 1.4622 1.4577 1.4532 1.4488 1.4443 1.4399 1.4355 1.4312 1.4268 1.4225 1.4182 1.4140 1.4097 1.4055 1.4014
1,118.0 1,118.0 1,118.0 1,118.1 1,118.1 1,118.1 1,118.1 1,118.2 1,118.2 1,118.2 1,118.2 1,118.3 1,118.3 1,118.3 1,118.3 1,118.4 1,118.4 1,118.4 1,118.4 1,118.4 1,118.5 1,118.5 1,118.5 1,118.5 1,118.6 1,118.6 1,118.6 1,118.6 1,118.6 1,118.7 1,118.7 1,118.7 1,118.7 1,118.7 1,118.8 1,118.8 1,118.8 1,118.8 1,118.8 1,118.8 1,118.9 1,118.9 1,118.9 1,118.9 1,118.9 1,118.9 1,119.0 1,119.0 1,119.0
1,203.6 1,203.7 1,203.7 1,203.7 1,203.8 1,203.8 1,203.8 1,203.9 1,203.9 1,203.9 1,203.9 1,204.0 1,204.0 1,204.0 1,204.1 1,204.1 1,204.1 1,204.1 1,204.2 1,204.2 1,204.2 1,204.3 1,204.3 1,204.3 1,204.3 1,204.4 1,204.4 1,204.4 1,204.4 1,204.5 1,204.5 1,204.5 1,204.5 1,204.6 1,204.6 1,204.6 1,204.6 1,204.7 1,204.7 1,204.7 1,204.7 1,204.7 1,204.8 1,204.8 1,204.8 1,204.8 1,204.9 1,204.9 1,204.9
1.5172 1.5169 1.5166 1.5163 1.5160 1.5157 1.5154 1.5151 1.5148 1.5145 1.5142 1.5139 1.5136 1.5133 1.5130 1.5127 1.5124 1.5121 1.5118 1.5115 1.5112 1.5109 1.5106 1.5104 1.5101 1.5098 1.5095 1.5092 1.5089 1.5086 1.5083 1.5081 1.5078 1.5075 1.5072 1.5069 1.5067 1.5064 1.5061 1.5058 1.5056 1.5053 1.5050 1.5047 1.5045 1.5042 1.5039 1.5036 1.5034
0.51364 0.51396 0.51428 0.51460 0.51491 0.51523 0.51555 0.51587 0.51618 0.51650 0.51682 0.51713 0.51744 0.51776 0.51807 0.51838 0.51869 0.51900 0.51931 0.51962 0.51993 0.52024 0.52055 0.52085 0.52116 0.52147 0.52177 0.52208 0.52238 0.52269 0.52299 0.52329 0.52359 0.52389 0.52419 0.52449 0.52479 0.52509 0.52539 0.52569 0.52599 0.52628 0.52658 0.52688 0.52717 0.52747 0.52776 0.52806 0.52835
0.75755 0.75827 0.75900 0.75973 0.76045 0.76118 0.76190 0.76262 0.76335 0.76407 0.76479 0.76551 0.76623 0.76695 0.76767 0.76839 0.76910 0.76982 0.77054 0.77126 0.77197 0.77269 0.77340 0.77412 0.77483 0.77554 0.77625 0.77697 0.77768 0.77839 0.77910 0.77981 0.78052 0.78123 0.78194 0.78265 0.78335 0.78406 0.78477 0.78547 0.78618 0.78689 0.78759 0.78830 0.78900 0.78970 0.79041 0.79111 0.79181
1,655.7 1,655.7 1,655.8 1,655.8 1,655.8 1,655.8 1,655.8 1,655.8 1,655.9 1,655.9 1,655.9 1,655.9 1,655.9 1,655.9 1,655.9 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1
0.27633 0.27590 0.27548 0.27505 0.27463 0.27421 0.27379 0.27338 0.27296 0.27255 0.27214 0.27173 0.27132 0.27092 0.27052 0.27011 0.26971 0.26932 0.26892 0.26852 0.26813 0.26774 0.26735 0.26696 0.26658 0.26619 0.26581 0.26543 0.26505 0.26467 0.26429 0.26392 0.26355 0.26317 0.26280 0.26244 0.26207 0.26170 0.26134 0.26098 0.26062 0.26026 0.25990 0.25954 0.25919 0.25883 0.25848 0.25813 0.25778
426.75 427.04 427.32 427.60 427.88 428.16 428.44 428.72 429.00 429.27 429.55 429.83 430.10 430.38 430.65 430.92 431.20 431.47 431.74 432.01 432.28 432.55 432.82 433.09 433.36 433.62 433.89 434.16 434.42 434.69 434.95 435.22 435.48 435.74 436.01 436.27 436.53 436.79 437.05 437.31 437.57 437.83 438.09 438.34 438.60 438.86 439.11 439.37 439.62
332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380
0.7157 0.7178 0.7200 0.7221 0.7242 0.7263 0.7285 0.7306 0.7327 0.7349 0.7370 0.7391 0.7412 0.7434 0.7455 0.7476 0.7497 0.7519 0.7540 0.7561 0.7583 0.7604 0.7625 0.7647 0.7668 0.7689 0.7711 0.7732 0.7753 0.7775 0.7796 0.7817 0.7839 0.7860 0.7881 0.7903 0.7924 0.7945 0.7967 0.7988 0.8009 0.8031 0.8052 0.8073 0.8095 0.8116 0.8138 0.8159 0.8180
1.3972 1.3931 1.3889 1.3849 1.3808 1.3768 1.3727 1.3687 1.3648 1.3608 1.3569 1.3530 1.3491 1.3452 1.3414 1.3376 1.3338 1.3300 1.3263 1.3225 1.3188 1.3151 1.3114 1.3078 1.3041 1.3005 1.2969 1.2934 1.2898 1.2863 1.2827 1.2792 1.2758 1.2723 1.2689 1.2654 1.2620 1.2586 1.2553 1.2519 1.2486 1.2452 1.2419 1.2386 1.2354 1.2321 1.2289 1.2257 1.2225
1,119.0 1,119.0 1,119.0 1,119.1 1,119.1 1,119.1 1,119.1 1,119.1 1,119.1 1,119.2 1,119.2 1,119.2 1,119.2 1,119.2 1,119.2 1,119.2 1,119.3 1,119.3 1,119.3 1,119.3 1,119.3 1,119.3 1,119.3 1,119.3 1,119.4 1,119.4 1,119.4 1,119.4 1,119.4 1,119.4 1,119.4 1,119.4 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6
1,204.9 1,204.9 1,205.0 1,205.0 1,205.0 1,205.0 1,205.0 1,205.0 1,205.1 1,205.1 1,205.1 1,205.1 1,205.1 1,205.2 1,205.2 1,205.2 1,205.2 1,205.2 1,205.2 1,205.3 1,205.3 1,205.3 1,205.3 1,205.3 1,205.3 1,205.3 1,205.4 1,205.4 1,205.4 1,205.4 1,205.4 1,205.4 1,205.4 1,205.5 1,205.5 1,205.5 1,205.5 1,205.5 1,205.5 1,205.5 1,205.5 1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.6
1.5031 1.5028 1.5026 1.5023 1.5020 1.5018 1.5015 1.5012 1.5010 1.5007 1.5004 1.5002 1.4999 1.4997 1.4994 1.4991 1.4989 1.4986 1.4984 1.4981 1.4978 1.4976 1.4973 1.4971 1.4968 1.4966 1.4963 1.4961 1.4958 1.4956 1.4953 1.4951 1.4948 1.4946 1.4943 1.4941 1.4938 1.4936 1.4933 1.4931 1.4928 1.4926 1.4924 1.4921 1.4919 1.4916 1.4914 1.4911 1.4909
0.52864 0.52893 0.52923 0.52952 0.52981 0.53010 0.53039 0.53068 0.53096 0.53125 0.53154 0.53183 0.53211 0.53240 0.53269 0.53297 0.53326 0.53354 0.53382 0.53411 0.53439 0.53467 0.53496 0.53524 0.53552 0.53580 0.53608 0.53636 0.53664 0.53692 0.53719 0.53747 0.53775 0.53803 0.53830 0.53858 0.53886 0.53913 0.53941 0.53968 0.53995 0.54023 0.54050 0.54077 0.54105 0.54132 0.54159 0.54186 0.54213
0.79251 0.79322 0.79392 0.79462 0.79532 0.79602 0.79672 0.79742 0.79812 0.79881 0.79951 0.80021 0.80091 0.80160 0.80230 0.80300 0.80369 0.80439 0.80508 0.80578 0.80647 0.80717 0.80786 0.80855 0.80925 0.80994 0.81063 0.81132 0.81202 0.81271 0.81340 0.81409 0.81478 0.81547 0.81616 0.81685 0.81754 0.81823 0.81892 0.81960 0.82029 0.82098 0.82167 0.82236 0.82304 0.82373 0.82442 0.82510 0.82579
1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.1 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,656.0 1,655.9 1,655.9 1,655.9 1,655.9 1,655.9 1,655.9 1,655.9 1,655.8 1,655.8 1,655.8 1,655.8 1,655.8 1,655.8 1,655.7 1,655.7 1,655.7 1,655.7 1,655.7 1,655.7 1,655.6 1,655.6 1,655.6 1,655.6 1,655.6 1,655.5 1,655.5 1,655.5 1,655.5 1,655.4 1,655.4 1,655.4
0.25743 0.25708 0.25674 0.25639 0.25605 0.25571 0.25537 0.25503 0.25469 0.25436 0.25402 0.25369 0.25336 0.25303 0.25270 0.25237 0.25204 0.25172 0.25139 0.25107 0.25075 0.25043 0.25011 0.24979 0.24947 0.24915 0.24884 0.24853 0.24821 0.24790 0.24759 0.24728 0.24697 0.24667 0.24636 0.24606 0.24575 0.24545 0.24515 0.24485 0.24455 0.24425 0.24395 0.24366 0.24336 0.24307 0.24278 0.24248 0.24219
439.88 440.13 440.38 440.64 440.89 441.14 441.39 441.64 441.89 442.14 442.39 442.64 442.89 443.14 443.39 443.63 443.88 444.13 444.37 444.62
381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400
0.8202 0.8223 0.8245 0.8266 0.8287 0.8309 0.8330 0.8352 0.8373 0.8394 0.8416 0.8437 0.8459 0.8480 0.8502 0.8523 0.8544 0.8566 0.8587 0.8609
1.2193 1.2161 1.2129 1.2098 1.2067 1.2036 1.2005 1.1974 1.1943 1.1913 1.1882 1.1852 1.1822 1.1792 1.1763 1.1733 1.1704 1.1674 1.1645 1.1616
1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.8 1,119.8
1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8
1.4907 1.4904 1.4902 1.4899 1.4897 1.4895 1.4892 1.4890 1.4888 1.4885 1.4883 1.4881 1.4878 1.4876 1.4874 1.4871 1.4869 1.4867 1.4864 1.4862
0.54240 0.54267 0.54294 0.54321 0.54348 0.54375 0.54401 0.54428 0.54455 0.54482 0.54508 0.54535 0.54561 0.54588 0.54614 0.54641 0.54667 0.54693 0.54720 0.54746
0.82647 0.82716 0.82784 0.82853 0.82921 0.82990 0.83058 0.83127 0.83195 0.83263 0.83332 0.83400 0.83468 0.83537 0.83605 0.83673 0.83741 0.83809 0.83878 0.83946
Auxiliary Data ( All data downloaded from NIST website: http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/fluid/ )
Reference States Internal energy Entropy
U= S=
0.0 0.0
at 273.16 K for saturated liquid. at 273.16 K for saturated liquid.
Additional fluid data Critical temperature (Tc)
705.10 oF
Critical pressure (Pc)
3200.1 psia
Critical density (Dc)
20.102 lbm/ft3 0.3443
Acentric factor Normal boiling point Dipole moment
211.95 oF 1.855 Debye
1,655.4 1,655.4 1,655.3 1,655.3 1,655.3 1,655.3 1,655.2 1,655.2 1,655.2 1,655.2 1,655.1 1,655.1 1,655.1 1,655.0 1,655.0 1,655.0 1,655.0 1,654.9 1,654.9 1,654.9
0.24190 0.24161 0.24133 0.24104 0.24075 0.24047 0.24019 0.23990 0.23962 0.23934 0.23906 0.23878 0.23850 0.23823 0.23795 0.23767 0.23740 0.23713 0.23685 0.23658
7.14
7.00
6.29
4.57
Viscosity (cP)
Therm. Cond. (W/m*K)
Surf. Tension (lb/in)
Phase
0.13827 0.13810 0.13793 0.13776 0.13759 0.13742 0.13725 0.13708 0.13692 0.13675 0.13659 0.13643 0.13626 0.13610 0.13594 0.13578 0.13563 0.13547 0.13531 0.13516 0.13500 0.13485 0.13470 0.13455 0.13440 0.13425 0.13410 0.13395 0.13380 0.13366 0.13351 0.13336 0.13322 0.13308 0.13293 0.13279 0.13265 0.13251 0.13237 0.13223 0.13210 0.13196 0.13182
0.66638 0.66626 0.66613 0.66600 0.66588 0.66575 0.66563 0.66550 0.66538 0.66525 0.66513 0.66500 0.66488 0.66475 0.66463 0.66450 0.66438 0.66425 0.66413 0.66400 0.66388 0.66375 0.66363 0.66350 0.66338 0.66326 0.66313 0.66301 0.66288 0.66276 0.66263 0.66251 0.66238 0.66226 0.66213 0.66201 0.66188 0.66176 0.66164 0.66151 0.66139 0.66126 0.66114
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.13169 0.13155 0.13142 0.13128 0.13115 0.13102 0.13089 0.13075 0.13062 0.13049 0.13037 0.13024 0.13011 0.12998 0.12986 0.12973 0.12961 0.12948 0.12936 0.12923 0.12911 0.12899 0.12887 0.12875 0.12862 0.12851 0.12839 0.12827 0.12815 0.12803 0.12791 0.12780 0.12768 0.12757 0.12745 0.12734 0.12722 0.12711 0.12700 0.12688 0.12677 0.12666 0.12655 0.12644 0.12633 0.12622 0.12611 0.12600 0.12589
0.66101 0.66089 0.66076 0.66064 0.66052 0.66039 0.66027 0.66014 0.66002 0.65990 0.65977 0.65965 0.65952 0.65940 0.65928 0.65915 0.65903 0.65890 0.65878 0.65866 0.65853 0.65841 0.65829 0.65816 0.65804 0.65791 0.65779 0.65767 0.65754 0.65742 0.65730 0.65717 0.65705 0.65693 0.65680 0.65668 0.65656 0.65643 0.65631 0.65619 0.65606 0.65594 0.65582 0.65569 0.65557 0.65545 0.65533 0.65520 0.65508
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.12579 0.12568 0.12557 0.12547 0.12536 0.12526 0.12515 0.12505 0.12494 0.12484 0.12474 0.12463 0.12453 0.12443 0.12433 0.12423 0.12413 0.12403 0.12393 0.12383 0.12373 0.12363 0.12353 0.12343 0.12334 0.12324 0.12314 0.12305 0.12295 0.12285 0.12276 0.12266 0.12257 0.12248 0.12238 0.12229 0.12220 0.12210 0.12201 0.12192 0.12183 0.12174 0.12165 0.12155 0.12146 0.12137 0.12129 0.12120 0.12111
0.65496 0.65483 0.65471 0.65459 0.65447 0.65434 0.65422 0.65410 0.65398 0.65385 0.65373 0.65361 0.65349 0.65336 0.65324 0.65312 0.65300 0.65287 0.65275 0.65263 0.65251 0.65238 0.65226 0.65214 0.65202 0.65190 0.65177 0.65165 0.65153 0.65141 0.65129 0.65116 0.65104 0.65092 0.65080 0.65068 0.65055 0.65043 0.65031 0.65019 0.65007 0.64995 0.64983 0.64970 0.64958 0.64946 0.64934 0.64922 0.64910
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.12102 0.12093 0.12084 0.12075 0.12067 0.12058 0.12049 0.12041 0.12032 0.12024 0.12015 0.12007 0.11998 0.11990 0.11981 0.11973 0.11964 0.11956 0.11948 0.11939 0.11931 0.11923 0.11915 0.11907 0.11899 0.11890 0.11882 0.11874 0.11866 0.11858 0.11850 0.11842 0.11834 0.11827 0.11819 0.11811 0.11803 0.11795 0.11787 0.11780 0.11772 0.11764 0.11757 0.11749 0.11741 0.11734 0.11726 0.11719 0.11711
0.64898 0.64885 0.64873 0.64861 0.64849 0.64837 0.64825 0.64813 0.64801 0.64788 0.64776 0.64764 0.64752 0.64740 0.64728 0.64716 0.64704 0.64692 0.64680 0.64667 0.64655 0.64643 0.64631 0.64619 0.64607 0.64595 0.64583 0.64571 0.64559 0.64547 0.64535 0.64523 0.64511 0.64499 0.64487 0.64475 0.64463 0.64451 0.64439 0.64426 0.64414 0.64402 0.64390 0.64378 0.64366 0.64354 0.64342 0.64330 0.64318
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.11704 0.11696 0.11689 0.11681 0.11674 0.11666 0.11659 0.11652 0.11644 0.11637
0.64306 0.64294 0.64282 0.64270 0.64258 0.64246 0.64234 0.64223 0.64211 0.64199
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
Viscosity (cP)
Therm. Cond. (W/m*K)
Phase
0.01553 0.01554 0.01554 0.01555 0.01556 0.01557 0.01558 0.01558 0.01559 0.01560 0.01561 0.01561 0.01562 0.01563 0.01564 0.01564 0.01565 0.01566 0.01567 0.01567 0.01568 0.01569 0.01570 0.01570 0.01571 0.01572 0.01573 0.01573 0.01574 0.01575 0.01576 0.01576 0.01577
0.03908 0.03913 0.03917 0.03921 0.03925 0.03930 0.03934 0.03938 0.03943 0.03947 0.03951 0.03955 0.03959 0.03964 0.03968 0.03972 0.03976 0.03980 0.03985 0.03989 0.03993 0.03997 0.04001 0.04005 0.04009 0.04013 0.04017 0.04021 0.04025 0.04030 0.04034 0.04038 0.04042
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.01578 0.01578 0.01579 0.01580 0.01580 0.01581 0.01582 0.01583 0.01583 0.01584 0.01585 0.01585 0.01586 0.01587 0.01587 0.01588 0.01589 0.01589 0.01590 0.01591 0.01591 0.01592 0.01593 0.01593 0.01594 0.01595 0.01595 0.01596 0.01597 0.01597 0.01598 0.01599 0.01599 0.01600 0.01601 0.01601 0.01602 0.01603 0.01603 0.01604 0.01604 0.01605 0.01606 0.01606 0.01607 0.01608 0.01608 0.01609 0.01610
0.04046 0.04050 0.04054 0.04058 0.04062 0.04065 0.04069 0.04073 0.04077 0.04081 0.04085 0.04089 0.04093 0.04097 0.04101 0.04105 0.04108 0.04112 0.04116 0.04120 0.04124 0.04128 0.04132 0.04135 0.04139 0.04143 0.04147 0.04150 0.04154 0.04158 0.04162 0.04166 0.04169 0.04173 0.04177 0.04180 0.04184 0.04188 0.04192 0.04195 0.04199 0.04203 0.04206 0.04210 0.04214 0.04217 0.04221 0.04225 0.04228
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
0.01610 0.01611 0.01611 0.01612 0.01613 0.01613 0.01614 0.01614 0.01615 0.01616 0.01616 0.01617 0.01617 0.01618 0.01619 0.01619 0.01620 0.01620 0.01621 0.01622 0.01622 0.01623 0.01623 0.01624 0.01625 0.01625 0.01626 0.01626 0.01627 0.01627 0.01628 0.01629 0.01629 0.01630 0.01630 0.01631 0.01631 0.01632 0.01633 0.01633 0.01634 0.01634 0.01635 0.01635 0.01636 0.01636 0.01637 0.01638 0.01638
0.04232 0.04235 0.04239 0.04243 0.04246 0.04250 0.04253 0.04257 0.04261 0.04264 0.04268 0.04271 0.04275 0.04278 0.04282 0.04285 0.04289 0.04292 0.04296 0.04300 0.04303 0.04307 0.04310 0.04313 0.04317 0.04320 0.04324 0.04327 0.04331 0.04334 0.04338 0.04341 0.04345 0.04348 0.04351 0.04355 0.04358 0.04362 0.04365 0.04369 0.04372 0.04375 0.04379 0.04382 0.04385 0.04389 0.04392 0.04396 0.04399
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
0.01639 0.01639 0.01640 0.01640 0.01641 0.01641 0.01642 0.01643 0.01643 0.01644 0.01644 0.01645 0.01645 0.01646 0.01646 0.01647 0.01647 0.01648 0.01648 0.01649 0.01649 0.01650 0.01651 0.01651 0.01652 0.01652 0.01653 0.01653 0.01654 0.01654 0.01655 0.01655 0.01656 0.01656 0.01657 0.01657 0.01658 0.01658 0.01659 0.01659 0.01660 0.01660 0.01661 0.01661 0.01662 0.01662 0.01663 0.01663 0.01664
0.04402 0.04406 0.04409 0.04412 0.04416 0.04419 0.04422 0.04426 0.04429 0.04432 0.04435 0.04439 0.04442 0.04445 0.04449 0.04452 0.04455 0.04458 0.04462 0.04465 0.04468 0.04472 0.04475 0.04478 0.04481 0.04485 0.04488 0.04491 0.04494 0.04497 0.04501 0.04504 0.04507 0.04510 0.04513 0.04517 0.04520 0.04523 0.04526 0.04529 0.04533 0.04536 0.04539 0.04542 0.04545 0.04548 0.04552 0.04555 0.04558
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
0.01664 0.01665 0.01665 0.01666 0.01666 0.01667 0.01667 0.01668 0.01668 0.01669 0.01669 0.01670 0.01670 0.01671 0.01671 0.01672 0.01672 0.01673 0.01673 0.01674
0.04561 0.04564 0.04567 0.04570 0.04574 0.04577 0.04580 0.04583 0.04586 0.04589 0.04592 0.04595 0.04599 0.04602 0.04605 0.04608 0.04611 0.04614 0.04617 0.04620
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
Water Phase Data Data Curve 7.57 on Saturation 5.57 6.14 7.71 Temperatur Pressure e oF (psia)
444.86 445.10 445.35 445.59 445.83 446.08 446.32 446.56 446.80 447.04 447.28 447.52 447.76 448.00 448.24 448.47 448.71 448.95 449.18 449.42 449.66 449.89 450.13 450.36 450.59 450.83 451.06 451.29 451.53 451.76 451.99 452.22 452.45 452.68 452.91 453.14 453.37 453.60 453.82 454.05 454.28 454.51 454.73 454.96
401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444
Density (lbm/ft3)
Volume (ft3/lbm)
51.688 51.677 51.666 51.654 51.643 51.632 51.621 51.609 51.598 51.587 51.576 51.564 51.553 51.542 51.531 51.520 51.509 51.498 51.487 51.475 51.464 51.453 51.442 51.431 51.420 51.409 51.398 51.387 51.376 51.365 51.354 51.344 51.333 51.322 51.311 51.300 51.289 51.278 51.267 51.257 51.246 51.235 51.224 51.213
0.01935 0.01935 0.01936 0.01936 0.01936 0.01937 0.01937 0.01938 0.01938 0.01939 0.01939 0.01939 0.01940 0.01940 0.01941 0.01941 0.01941 0.01942 0.01942 0.01943 0.01943 0.01944 0.01944 0.01944 0.01945 0.01945 0.01946 0.01946 0.01946 0.01947 0.01947 0.01948 0.01948 0.01949 0.01949 0.01949 0.01950 0.01950 0.01951 0.01951 0.01951 0.01952 0.01952 0.01953
6.43 Internal Energy (Btu/lbm)
423.28 423.55 423.82 424.08 424.35 424.62 424.89 425.16 425.42 425.69 425.95 426.22 426.48 426.75 427.01 427.28 427.54 427.80 428.06 428.33 428.59 428.85 429.11 429.37 429.63 429.89 430.15 430.40 430.66 430.92 431.18 431.43 431.69 431.95 432.20 432.46 432.71 432.97 433.22 433.47 433.73 433.98 434.23 434.48
6.29
7.29
7.43
7.43
6.71
Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound (Btu/lbm) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) Spd. (ft/s)
424.71 424.99 425.26 425.53 425.80 426.08 426.35 426.62 426.89 427.16 427.43 427.70 427.97 428.24 428.50 428.77 429.04 429.30 429.57 429.84 430.10 430.37 430.63 430.90 431.16 431.42 431.68 431.95 432.21 432.47 432.73 432.99 433.25 433.51 433.77 434.03 434.29 434.55 434.81 435.06 435.32 435.58 435.83 436.09
0.62243 0.62273 0.62303 0.62333 0.62362 0.62392 0.62422 0.62451 0.62481 0.62510 0.62539 0.62569 0.62598 0.62627 0.62656 0.62685 0.62714 0.62743 0.62772 0.62801 0.62830 0.62858 0.62887 0.62916 0.62944 0.62973 0.63001 0.63030 0.63058 0.63086 0.63114 0.63143 0.63171 0.63199 0.63227 0.63255 0.63283 0.63311 0.63339 0.63366 0.63394 0.63422 0.63449 0.63477
0.76900 0.76890 0.76880 0.76870 0.76860 0.76850 0.76839 0.76829 0.76819 0.76809 0.76799 0.76789 0.76780 0.76770 0.76760 0.76750 0.76740 0.76730 0.76721 0.76711 0.76701 0.76691 0.76682 0.76672 0.76662 0.76653 0.76643 0.76634 0.76624 0.76615 0.76605 0.76596 0.76586 0.76577 0.76568 0.76558 0.76549 0.76540 0.76530 0.76521 0.76512 0.76503 0.76494 0.76484
1.1192 1.1194 1.1197 1.1199 1.1202 1.1204 1.1207 1.1209 1.1212 1.1214 1.1217 1.1219 1.1222 1.1224 1.1227 1.1230 1.1232 1.1235 1.1237 1.1240 1.1242 1.1245 1.1247 1.1250 1.1252 1.1255 1.1257 1.1260 1.1262 1.1265 1.1267 1.1270 1.1272 1.1275 1.1277 1.1280 1.1282 1.1285 1.1288 1.1290 1.1293 1.1295 1.1298 1.1300
4,035.9 4,034.3 4,032.6 4,030.9 4,029.3 4,027.6 4,025.9 4,024.3 4,022.6 4,020.9 4,019.3 4,017.6 4,016.0 4,014.3 4,012.7 4,011.0 4,009.4 4,007.8 4,006.1 4,004.5 4,002.8 4,001.2 3,999.6 3,997.9 3,996.3 3,994.7 3,993.1 3,991.4 3,989.8 3,988.2 3,986.6 3,985.0 3,983.3 3,981.7 3,980.1 3,978.5 3,976.9 3,975.3 3,973.7 3,972.1 3,970.5 3,968.9 3,967.3 3,965.7
7.71 JouleThomson (F/psia)
-0.00051 -0.00050 -0.00050 -0.00050 -0.00049 -0.00049 -0.00049 -0.00048 -0.00048 -0.00048 -0.00047 -0.00047 -0.00047 -0.00046 -0.00046 -0.00046 -0.00045 -0.00045 -0.00045 -0.00044 -0.00044 -0.00044 -0.00043 -0.00043 -0.00043 -0.00042 -0.00042 -0.00042 -0.00041 -0.00041 -0.00041 -0.00040 -0.00040 -0.00040 -0.00039 -0.00039 -0.00039 -0.00038 -0.00038 -0.00038 -0.00037 -0.00037 -0.00037 -0.00036
455.18 455.41 455.63 455.86 456.08 456.31 456.53 456.75 456.98 457.20 457.42 457.64 457.86 458.08 458.30 458.52 458.74 458.96 459.18 459.40 459.62 459.84 460.05 460.27 460.49 460.70 460.92 461.14 461.35 461.57 461.78 462.00 462.21 462.42 462.64 462.85 463.06 463.27 463.49 463.70 463.91 464.12 464.33 464.54 464.75 464.96 465.17 465.38 465.59
445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493
51.203 51.192 51.181 51.170 51.160 51.149 51.138 51.128 51.117 51.106 51.096 51.085 51.074 51.064 51.053 51.043 51.032 51.021 51.011 51.000 50.990 50.979 50.969 50.958 50.948 50.937 50.927 50.916 50.906 50.895 50.885 50.875 50.864 50.854 50.843 50.833 50.823 50.812 50.802 50.792 50.781 50.771 50.761 50.750 50.740 50.730 50.719 50.709 50.699
0.01953 0.01953 0.01954 0.01954 0.01955 0.01955 0.01956 0.01956 0.01956 0.01957 0.01957 0.01958 0.01958 0.01958 0.01959 0.01959 0.01960 0.01960 0.01960 0.01961 0.01961 0.01962 0.01962 0.01962 0.01963 0.01963 0.01964 0.01964 0.01964 0.01965 0.01965 0.01966 0.01966 0.01966 0.01967 0.01967 0.01968 0.01968 0.01968 0.01969 0.01969 0.01970 0.01970 0.01970 0.01971 0.01971 0.01972 0.01972 0.01972
434.74 434.99 435.24 435.49 435.74 435.99 436.24 436.49 436.73 436.98 437.23 437.48 437.72 437.97 438.22 438.46 438.71 438.95 439.20 439.44 439.69 439.93 440.17 440.42 440.66 440.90 441.14 441.38 441.63 441.87 442.11 442.35 442.59 442.83 443.07 443.31 443.54 443.78 444.02 444.26 444.49 444.73 444.97 445.20 445.44 445.67 445.91 446.14 446.38
436.34 436.60 436.85 437.11 437.36 437.62 437.87 438.12 438.37 438.63 438.88 439.13 439.38 439.63 439.88 440.13 440.38 440.63 440.88 441.13 441.38 441.62 441.87 442.12 442.36 442.61 442.86 443.10 443.35 443.59 443.84 444.08 444.32 444.57 444.81 445.05 445.30 445.54 445.78 446.02 446.26 446.50 446.74 446.98 447.22 447.46 447.70 447.94 448.18
0.63505 0.63532 0.63559 0.63587 0.63614 0.63642 0.63669 0.63696 0.63723 0.63750 0.63777 0.63804 0.63831 0.63858 0.63885 0.63912 0.63939 0.63965 0.63992 0.64019 0.64045 0.64072 0.64098 0.64125 0.64151 0.64177 0.64204 0.64230 0.64256 0.64283 0.64309 0.64335 0.64361 0.64387 0.64413 0.64439 0.64465 0.64490 0.64516 0.64542 0.64568 0.64593 0.64619 0.64645 0.64670 0.64696 0.64721 0.64747 0.64772
0.76475 0.76466 0.76457 0.76448 0.76439 0.76430 0.76421 0.76412 0.76403 0.76394 0.76385 0.76376 0.76367 0.76358 0.76350 0.76341 0.76332 0.76323 0.76315 0.76306 0.76297 0.76288 0.76280 0.76271 0.76263 0.76254 0.76245 0.76237 0.76228 0.76220 0.76211 0.76203 0.76194 0.76186 0.76178 0.76169 0.76161 0.76153 0.76144 0.76136 0.76128 0.76119 0.76111 0.76103 0.76095 0.76086 0.76078 0.76070 0.76062
1.1303 1.1305 1.1308 1.1310 1.1313 1.1315 1.1318 1.1320 1.1323 1.1325 1.1328 1.1330 1.1333 1.1336 1.1338 1.1341 1.1343 1.1346 1.1348 1.1351 1.1353 1.1356 1.1358 1.1361 1.1363 1.1366 1.1368 1.1371 1.1374 1.1376 1.1379 1.1381 1.1384 1.1386 1.1389 1.1391 1.1394 1.1396 1.1399 1.1401 1.1404 1.1407 1.1409 1.1412 1.1414 1.1417 1.1419 1.1422 1.1424
3,964.1 3,962.5 3,960.9 3,959.3 3,957.7 3,956.2 3,954.6 3,953.0 3,951.4 3,949.8 3,948.3 3,946.7 3,945.1 3,943.5 3,942.0 3,940.4 3,938.8 3,937.3 3,935.7 3,934.1 3,932.6 3,931.0 3,929.5 3,927.9 3,926.4 3,924.8 3,923.2 3,921.7 3,920.1 3,918.6 3,917.1 3,915.5 3,914.0 3,912.4 3,910.9 3,909.4 3,907.8 3,906.3 3,904.8 3,903.2 3,901.7 3,900.2 3,898.6 3,897.1 3,895.6 3,894.1 3,892.5 3,891.0 3,889.5
-0.00036 -0.00036 -0.00035 -0.00035 -0.00035 -0.00034 -0.00034 -0.00034 -0.00033 -0.00033 -0.00033 -0.00032 -0.00032 -0.00032 -0.00031 -0.00031 -0.00031 -0.00030 -0.00030 -0.00030 -0.00030 -0.00029 -0.00029 -0.00029 -0.00028 -0.00028 -0.00028 -0.00027 -0.00027 -0.00027 -0.00026 -0.00026 -0.00026 -0.00025 -0.00025 -0.00025 -0.00024 -0.00024 -0.00024 -0.00023 -0.00023 -0.00023 -0.00022 -0.00022 -0.00022 -0.00021 -0.00021 -0.00021 -0.00020
465.80 466.00 466.21 466.42 466.63 466.83 467.04 467.24 467.45 467.66 467.86 468.07 468.27 468.47 468.68 468.88 469.09 469.29 469.49 469.69 469.90 470.10 470.30 470.50 470.70 470.90 471.10 471.30 471.50 471.70 471.90 472.10 472.30 472.49 472.69 472.89 473.09 473.28 473.48 473.68 473.87 474.07 474.27 474.46 474.66 474.85 475.05 475.24 475.43
494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542
50.689 50.679 50.668 50.658 50.648 50.638 50.628 50.617 50.607 50.597 50.587 50.577 50.567 50.557 50.546 50.536 50.526 50.516 50.506 50.496 50.486 50.476 50.466 50.456 50.446 50.436 50.426 50.416 50.406 50.396 50.386 50.376 50.366 50.356 50.346 50.336 50.327 50.317 50.307 50.297 50.287 50.277 50.267 50.257 50.248 50.238 50.228 50.218 50.208
0.01973 0.01973 0.01974 0.01974 0.01974 0.01975 0.01975 0.01976 0.01976 0.01976 0.01977 0.01977 0.01978 0.01978 0.01978 0.01979 0.01979 0.01980 0.01980 0.01980 0.01981 0.01981 0.01982 0.01982 0.01982 0.01983 0.01983 0.01984 0.01984 0.01984 0.01985 0.01985 0.01986 0.01986 0.01986 0.01987 0.01987 0.01987 0.01988 0.01988 0.01989 0.01989 0.01989 0.01990 0.01990 0.01991 0.01991 0.01991 0.01992
446.61 446.85 447.08 447.31 447.55 447.78 448.01 448.24 448.48 448.71 448.94 449.17 449.40 449.63 449.86 450.09 450.32 450.55 450.78 451.00 451.23 451.46 451.69 451.91 452.14 452.37 452.59 452.82 453.04 453.27 453.50 453.72 453.94 454.17 454.39 454.62 454.84 455.06 455.29 455.51 455.73 455.95 456.17 456.39 456.62 456.84 457.06 457.28 457.50
448.42 448.66 448.89 449.13 449.37 449.60 449.84 450.08 450.31 450.55 450.78 451.02 451.25 451.49 451.72 451.95 452.19 452.42 452.65 452.88 453.12 453.35 453.58 453.81 454.04 454.27 454.50 454.73 454.96 455.19 455.42 455.65 455.88 456.11 456.33 456.56 456.79 457.02 457.24 457.47 457.70 457.92 458.15 458.37 458.60 458.82 459.05 459.27 459.50
0.64797 0.64823 0.64848 0.64873 0.64898 0.64923 0.64949 0.64974 0.64999 0.65024 0.65049 0.65074 0.65098 0.65123 0.65148 0.65173 0.65198 0.65222 0.65247 0.65271 0.65296 0.65321 0.65345 0.65370 0.65394 0.65418 0.65443 0.65467 0.65491 0.65515 0.65540 0.65564 0.65588 0.65612 0.65636 0.65660 0.65684 0.65708 0.65732 0.65756 0.65780 0.65804 0.65827 0.65851 0.65875 0.65898 0.65922 0.65946 0.65969
0.76054 0.76046 0.76038 0.76030 0.76022 0.76014 0.76006 0.75998 0.75990 0.75982 0.75974 0.75966 0.75958 0.75950 0.75942 0.75934 0.75927 0.75919 0.75911 0.75903 0.75895 0.75888 0.75880 0.75872 0.75865 0.75857 0.75849 0.75842 0.75834 0.75827 0.75819 0.75811 0.75804 0.75796 0.75789 0.75781 0.75774 0.75766 0.75759 0.75752 0.75744 0.75737 0.75729 0.75722 0.75715 0.75707 0.75700 0.75693 0.75685
1.1427 1.1429 1.1432 1.1435 1.1437 1.1440 1.1442 1.1445 1.1447 1.1450 1.1452 1.1455 1.1458 1.1460 1.1463 1.1465 1.1468 1.1470 1.1473 1.1475 1.1478 1.1481 1.1483 1.1486 1.1488 1.1491 1.1493 1.1496 1.1499 1.1501 1.1504 1.1506 1.1509 1.1511 1.1514 1.1516 1.1519 1.1522 1.1524 1.1527 1.1529 1.1532 1.1534 1.1537 1.1540 1.1542 1.1545 1.1547 1.1550
3,888.0 3,886.5 3,885.0 3,883.5 3,881.9 3,880.4 3,878.9 3,877.4 3,875.9 3,874.4 3,872.9 3,871.4 3,869.9 3,868.4 3,866.9 3,865.4 3,863.9 3,862.4 3,860.9 3,859.5 3,858.0 3,856.5 3,855.0 3,853.5 3,852.0 3,850.5 3,849.1 3,847.6 3,846.1 3,844.6 3,843.2 3,841.7 3,840.2 3,838.7 3,837.3 3,835.8 3,834.3 3,832.9 3,831.4 3,829.9 3,828.5 3,827.0 3,825.6 3,824.1 3,822.6 3,821.2 3,819.7 3,818.3 3,816.8
-0.00020 -0.00020 -0.00019 -0.00019 -0.00019 -0.00018 -0.00018 -0.00018 -0.00017 -0.00017 -0.00017 -0.00016 -0.00016 -0.00016 -0.00015 -0.00015 -0.00015 -0.00014 -0.00014 -0.00014 -0.00013 -0.00013 -0.00013 -0.00012 -0.00012 -0.00012 -0.00011 -0.00011 -0.00011 -0.00010 -0.00010 -0.00010 -0.00009 -0.00009 -0.00009 -0.00008 -0.00008 -0.00008 -0.00007 -0.00007 -0.00007 -0.00006 -0.00006 -0.00006 -0.00005 -0.00005 -0.00005 -0.00004 -0.00004
475.63 475.82 476.01 476.21 476.40 476.59 476.78 476.98 477.17 477.36 477.55 477.74 477.93 478.12 478.31 478.50 478.69 478.88 479.07 479.26 479.45 479.63 479.82 480.01 480.20 480.38 480.57 480.76 480.94 481.13 481.32 481.50 481.69 481.87 482.06 482.24 482.43 482.61 482.79 482.98 483.16 483.34 483.53 483.71 483.89 484.07 484.26 484.44 484.62
543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591
50.199 50.189 50.179 50.169 50.160 50.150 50.140 50.130 50.121 50.111 50.101 50.091 50.082 50.072 50.062 50.053 50.043 50.033 50.024 50.014 50.004 49.995 49.985 49.976 49.966 49.956 49.947 49.937 49.928 49.918 49.909 49.899 49.890 49.880 49.870 49.861 49.851 49.842 49.832 49.823 49.813 49.804 49.795 49.785 49.776 49.766 49.757 49.747 49.738
0.01992 0.01993 0.01993 0.01993 0.01994 0.01994 0.01994 0.01995 0.01995 0.01996 0.01996 0.01996 0.01997 0.01997 0.01998 0.01998 0.01998 0.01999 0.01999 0.01999 0.02000 0.02000 0.02001 0.02001 0.02001 0.02002 0.02002 0.02003 0.02003 0.02003 0.02004 0.02004 0.02004 0.02005 0.02005 0.02006 0.02006 0.02006 0.02007 0.02007 0.02008 0.02008 0.02008 0.02009 0.02009 0.02009 0.02010 0.02010 0.02011
457.72 457.94 458.16 458.37 458.59 458.81 459.03 459.25 459.47 459.68 459.90 460.12 460.33 460.55 460.77 460.98 461.20 461.41 461.63 461.84 462.06 462.27 462.48 462.70 462.91 463.12 463.34 463.55 463.76 463.97 464.19 464.40 464.61 464.82 465.03 465.24 465.45 465.66 465.87 466.08 466.29 466.50 466.71 466.92 467.13 467.34 467.55 467.75 467.96
459.72 459.94 460.17 460.39 460.61 460.84 461.06 461.28 461.50 461.72 461.94 462.16 462.39 462.61 462.83 463.05 463.27 463.48 463.70 463.92 464.14 464.36 464.58 464.80 465.01 465.23 465.45 465.66 465.88 466.10 466.31 466.53 466.74 466.96 467.17 467.39 467.60 467.82 468.03 468.25 468.46 468.67 468.89 469.10 469.31 469.53 469.74 469.95 470.16
0.65993 0.66016 0.66040 0.66063 0.66087 0.66110 0.66133 0.66157 0.66180 0.66203 0.66226 0.66249 0.66273 0.66296 0.66319 0.66342 0.66365 0.66388 0.66411 0.66434 0.66457 0.66479 0.66502 0.66525 0.66548 0.66571 0.66593 0.66616 0.66639 0.66661 0.66684 0.66706 0.66729 0.66751 0.66774 0.66796 0.66818 0.66841 0.66863 0.66885 0.66908 0.66930 0.66952 0.66974 0.66997 0.67019 0.67041 0.67063 0.67085
0.75678 0.75671 0.75664 0.75656 0.75649 0.75642 0.75635 0.75628 0.75621 0.75614 0.75606 0.75599 0.75592 0.75585 0.75578 0.75571 0.75564 0.75557 0.75550 0.75543 0.75536 0.75529 0.75522 0.75515 0.75509 0.75502 0.75495 0.75488 0.75481 0.75474 0.75468 0.75461 0.75454 0.75447 0.75440 0.75434 0.75427 0.75420 0.75414 0.75407 0.75400 0.75394 0.75387 0.75380 0.75374 0.75367 0.75361 0.75354 0.75347
1.1553 1.1555 1.1558 1.1560 1.1563 1.1565 1.1568 1.1571 1.1573 1.1576 1.1578 1.1581 1.1584 1.1586 1.1589 1.1591 1.1594 1.1596 1.1599 1.1602 1.1604 1.1607 1.1609 1.1612 1.1615 1.1617 1.1620 1.1622 1.1625 1.1628 1.1630 1.1633 1.1635 1.1638 1.1641 1.1643 1.1646 1.1649 1.1651 1.1654 1.1656 1.1659 1.1662 1.1664 1.1667 1.1669 1.1672 1.1675 1.1677
3,815.4 3,813.9 3,812.5 3,811.0 3,809.6 3,808.1 3,806.7 3,805.3 3,803.8 3,802.4 3,800.9 3,799.5 3,798.1 3,796.6 3,795.2 3,793.8 3,792.3 3,790.9 3,789.5 3,788.1 3,786.6 3,785.2 3,783.8 3,782.4 3,780.9 3,779.5 3,778.1 3,776.7 3,775.3 3,773.8 3,772.4 3,771.0 3,769.6 3,768.2 3,766.8 3,765.4 3,764.0 3,762.6 3,761.2 3,759.8 3,758.4 3,757.0 3,755.6 3,754.2 3,752.8 3,751.4 3,750.0 3,748.6 3,747.2
-0.00004 -0.00003 -0.00003 -0.00003 -0.00002 -0.00002 -0.00002 -0.00001 -0.00001 -0.00001 0.00000 0.000001 0.000005 0.000008 0.000011 0.000015 0.000018 0.000021 0.000025 0.000028 0.000031 0.000035 0.000038 0.000041 0.000045 0.000048 0.000051 0.000055 0.000058 0.000062 0.000065 0.000068 0.000072 0.000075 0.000078 0.000082 0.000085 0.000088 0.000092 0.000095 0.000099 0.000102 0.000105 0.000109 0.000112 0.000115 0.000119 0.000122 0.000125
484.80 484.98 485.16 485.34 485.52 485.70 485.88 486.06 486.24
592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600
49.728 49.719 49.710 49.700 49.691 49.681 49.672 49.663 49.653
0.02011 0.02011 0.02012 0.02012 0.02012 0.02013 0.02013 0.02014 0.02014
468.17 468.38 468.58 468.79 469.00 469.20 469.41 469.61 469.82
470.37 470.58 470.80 471.01 471.22 471.43 471.64 471.85 472.06
0.67107 0.67129 0.67151 0.67173 0.67195 0.67216 0.67238 0.67260 0.67282
0.75341 0.75334 0.75328 0.75321 0.75315 0.75308 0.75302 0.75296 0.75289
1.1680 1.1683 1.1685 1.1688 1.1690 1.1693 1.1696 1.1698 1.1701
3,745.8 3,744.4 3,743.0 3,741.6 3,740.2 3,738.8 3,737.4 3,736.1 3,734.7
0.000129 0.000132 0.000136 0.000139 0.000142 0.000146 0.000149 0.000152 0.000156
Vapor Phase Data Data on Saturation Curve Temperatur Pressure e (F) (psia)
444.86 445.10 445.35 445.59 445.83 446.08 446.32 446.56 446.80 447.04 447.28 447.52 447.76 448.00 448.24 448.47 448.71 448.95 449.18 449.42 449.66 449.89 450.13 450.36 450.59 450.83 451.06 451.29 451.53 451.76 451.99 452.22 452.45 452.68
401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434
Density (lbm/ft3)
Volume (ft3/lbm)
0.8630 0.8652 0.8673 0.8695 0.8716 0.8738 0.8759 0.8781 0.8802 0.8824 0.8845 0.8867 0.8888 0.8910 0.8931 0.8953 0.8974 0.8996 0.9017 0.9039 0.9060 0.9082 0.9103 0.9125 0.9146 0.9168 0.9190 0.9211 0.9233 0.9254 0.9276 0.9297 0.9319 0.9341
1.15870 1.15580 1.15300 1.15010 1.14730 1.14450 1.14170 1.13890 1.13610 1.13330 1.13060 1.12780 1.12510 1.12240 1.11970 1.11700 1.11430 1.11170 1.10900 1.10640 1.10370 1.10110 1.09850 1.09590 1.09330 1.09080 1.08820 1.08570 1.08310 1.08060 1.07810 1.07560 1.07310 1.07060
Internal Energy (Btu/lbm)
1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9
Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound (Btu/lbm) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) Spd. (ft/s)
1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9
1.4860 1.4857 1.4855 1.4853 1.4851 1.4848 1.4846 1.4844 1.4841 1.4839 1.4837 1.4835 1.4832 1.4830 1.4828 1.4826 1.4824 1.4821 1.4819 1.4817 1.4815 1.4812 1.4810 1.4808 1.4806 1.4804 1.4801 1.4799 1.4797 1.4795 1.4793 1.4791 1.4788 1.4786
0.54772 0.54799 0.54825 0.54851 0.54877 0.54903 0.54929 0.54955 0.54981 0.55007 0.55033 0.55059 0.55084 0.55110 0.55136 0.55162 0.55187 0.55213 0.55239 0.55264 0.55290 0.55315 0.55341 0.55366 0.55391 0.55417 0.55442 0.55467 0.55493 0.55518 0.55543 0.55568 0.55593 0.55619
0.84014 0.84082 0.84150 0.84218 0.84286 0.84354 0.84422 0.84490 0.84558 0.84626 0.84694 0.84762 0.84830 0.84898 0.84965 0.85033 0.85101 0.85169 0.85237 0.85304 0.85372 0.85440 0.85508 0.85575 0.85643 0.85711 0.85778 0.85846 0.85914 0.85981 0.86049 0.86116 0.86184 0.86252
1,654.8 1,654.8 1,654.8 1,654.7 1,654.7 1,654.7 1,654.6 1,654.6 1,654.6 1,654.6 1,654.5 1,654.5 1,654.5 1,654.4 1,654.4 1,654.3 1,654.3 1,654.3 1,654.2 1,654.2 1,654.2 1,654.1 1,654.1 1,654.1 1,654.0 1,654.0 1,653.9 1,653.9 1,653.9 1,653.8 1,653.8 1,653.8 1,653.7 1,653.7
JouleThomson (F/psia)
0.236310 0.236040 0.235770 0.235510 0.235240 0.234970 0.234710 0.234440 0.234180 0.233920 0.233650 0.233390 0.233130 0.232870 0.232610 0.232360 0.232100 0.231840 0.231590 0.231330 0.231080 0.230830 0.230580 0.230330 0.230070 0.229830 0.229580 0.229330 0.229080 0.228830 0.228590 0.228340 0.228100 0.227860
452.91 453.14 453.37 453.60 453.82 454.05 454.28 454.51 454.73 454.96 455.18 455.41 455.63 455.86 456.08 456.31 456.53 456.75 456.98 457.20 457.42 457.64 457.86 458.08 458.30 458.52 458.74 458.96 459.18 459.40 459.62 459.84 460.05 460.27 460.49 460.70 460.92 461.14 461.35 461.57 461.78 462.00 462.21 462.42 462.64 462.85 463.06 463.27 463.49
435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483
0.9362 0.9384 0.9405 0.9427 0.9449 0.9470 0.9492 0.9513 0.9535 0.9557 0.9578 0.9600 0.9621 0.9643 0.9665 0.9686 0.9708 0.9730 0.9751 0.9773 0.9795 0.9816 0.9838 0.9860 0.9881 0.9903 0.9925 0.9947 0.9968 0.9990 1.0012 1.0033 1.0055 1.0077 1.0098 1.0120 1.0142 1.0164 1.0185 1.0207 1.0229 1.0251 1.0272 1.0294 1.0316 1.0338 1.0360 1.0381 1.0403
1.06810 1.06570 1.06320 1.06080 1.05840 1.05600 1.05360 1.05120 1.04880 1.04640 1.04400 1.04170 1.03930 1.03700 1.03470 1.03240 1.03010 1.02780 1.02550 1.02320 1.02100 1.01870 1.01650 1.01420 1.01200 1.00980 1.00760 1.00540 1.00320 1.00100 0.99884 0.99668 0.99453 0.99238 0.99025 0.98812 0.98600 0.98390 0.98179 0.97970 0.97762 0.97554 0.97348 0.97142 0.96937 0.96733 0.96529 0.96327 0.96125
1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9
1,205.9 1,205.9 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,206.0 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9
1.4784 1.4782 1.4780 1.4778 1.4776 1.4773 1.4771 1.4769 1.4767 1.4765 1.4763 1.4761 1.4759 1.4757 1.4754 1.4752 1.4750 1.4748 1.4746 1.4744 1.4742 1.4740 1.4738 1.4736 1.4734 1.4732 1.4730 1.4728 1.4725 1.4723 1.4721 1.4719 1.4717 1.4715 1.4713 1.4711 1.4709 1.4707 1.4705 1.4703 1.4701 1.4699 1.4697 1.4695 1.4693 1.4691 1.4689 1.4687 1.4685
0.55644 0.55669 0.55694 0.55719 0.55744 0.55769 0.55793 0.55818 0.55843 0.55868 0.55893 0.55917 0.55942 0.55967 0.55991 0.56016 0.56041 0.56065 0.56090 0.56114 0.56139 0.56163 0.56187 0.56212 0.56236 0.56260 0.56285 0.56309 0.56333 0.56357 0.56382 0.56406 0.56430 0.56454 0.56478 0.56502 0.56526 0.56550 0.56574 0.56598 0.56622 0.56646 0.56669 0.56693 0.56717 0.56741 0.56764 0.56788 0.56812
0.86319 0.86387 0.86454 0.86522 0.86589 0.86657 0.86724 0.86792 0.86859 0.86927 0.86994 0.87062 0.87129 0.87196 0.87264 0.87331 0.87399 0.87466 0.87533 0.87601 0.87668 0.87735 0.87803 0.87870 0.87937 0.88005 0.88072 0.88139 0.88207 0.88274 0.88341 0.88408 0.88476 0.88543 0.88610 0.88677 0.88745 0.88812 0.88879 0.88946 0.89014 0.89081 0.89148 0.89215 0.89282 0.89350 0.89417 0.89484 0.89551
1,653.6 1,653.6 1,653.6 1,653.5 1,653.5 1,653.4 1,653.4 1,653.4 1,653.3 1,653.3 1,653.2 1,653.2 1,653.1 1,653.1 1,653.1 1,653.0 1,653.0 1,652.9 1,652.9 1,652.8 1,652.8 1,652.7 1,652.7 1,652.6 1,652.6 1,652.6 1,652.5 1,652.5 1,652.4 1,652.4 1,652.3 1,652.3 1,652.2 1,652.2 1,652.1 1,652.1 1,652.0 1,652.0 1,651.9 1,651.9 1,651.8 1,651.8 1,651.7 1,651.7 1,651.6 1,651.6 1,651.5 1,651.5 1,651.4
0.227610 0.227370 0.227130 0.226890 0.226650 0.226410 0.226170 0.225940 0.225700 0.225460 0.225230 0.224990 0.224760 0.224530 0.224290 0.224060 0.223830 0.223600 0.223370 0.223140 0.222910 0.222680 0.222460 0.222230 0.222010 0.221780 0.221560 0.221330 0.221110 0.220890 0.220660 0.220440 0.220220 0.220000 0.219780 0.219560 0.219350 0.219130 0.218910 0.218700 0.218480 0.218270 0.218050 0.217840 0.217620 0.217410 0.217200 0.216990 0.216780
463.70 463.91 464.12 464.33 464.54 464.75 464.96 465.17 465.38 465.59 465.80 466.00 466.21 466.42 466.63 466.83 467.04 467.24 467.45 467.66 467.86 468.07 468.27 468.47 468.68 468.88 469.09 469.29 469.49 469.69 469.90 470.10 470.30 470.50 470.70 470.90 471.10 471.30 471.50 471.70 471.90 472.10 472.30 472.49 472.69 472.89 473.09 473.28 473.48
484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532
1.0425 1.0447 1.0468 1.0490 1.0512 1.0534 1.0556 1.0578 1.0599 1.0621 1.0643 1.0665 1.0687 1.0709 1.0730 1.0752 1.0774 1.0796 1.0818 1.0840 1.0862 1.0884 1.0905 1.0927 1.0949 1.0971 1.0993 1.1015 1.1037 1.1059 1.1081 1.1103 1.1125 1.1147 1.1168 1.1190 1.1212 1.1234 1.1256 1.1278 1.1300 1.1322 1.1344 1.1366 1.1388 1.1410 1.1432 1.1454 1.1476
0.95924 0.95724 0.95525 0.95326 0.95128 0.94931 0.94735 0.94540 0.94345 0.94151 0.93958 0.93766 0.93574 0.93383 0.93193 0.93003 0.92815 0.92627 0.92439 0.92253 0.92067 0.91882 0.91697 0.91514 0.91331 0.91148 0.90967 0.90786 0.90605 0.90426 0.90247 0.90069 0.89891 0.89714 0.89538 0.89362 0.89187 0.89013 0.88839 0.88666 0.88494 0.88322 0.88151 0.87980 0.87811 0.87641 0.87473 0.87305 0.87137
1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.9 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.8 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7
1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.9 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.8 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.7 1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.6 1,205.5 1,205.5 1,205.5
1.4683 1.4681 1.4679 1.4677 1.4675 1.4673 1.4671 1.4670 1.4668 1.4666 1.4664 1.4662 1.4660 1.4658 1.4656 1.4654 1.4652 1.4650 1.4648 1.4646 1.4644 1.4643 1.4641 1.4639 1.4637 1.4635 1.4633 1.4631 1.4629 1.4627 1.4625 1.4624 1.4622 1.4620 1.4618 1.4616 1.4614 1.4612 1.4610 1.4609 1.4607 1.4605 1.4603 1.4601 1.4599 1.4598 1.4596 1.4594 1.4592
0.56835 0.56859 0.56883 0.56906 0.56930 0.56953 0.56977 0.57000 0.57024 0.57047 0.57071 0.57094 0.57117 0.57141 0.57164 0.57187 0.57210 0.57234 0.57257 0.57280 0.57303 0.57326 0.57349 0.57372 0.57395 0.57418 0.57441 0.57464 0.57487 0.57510 0.57533 0.57556 0.57579 0.57602 0.57625 0.57647 0.57670 0.57693 0.57716 0.57738 0.57761 0.57784 0.57806 0.57829 0.57852 0.57874 0.57897 0.57919 0.57942
0.89618 0.89686 0.89753 0.89820 0.89887 0.89954 0.90021 0.90089 0.90156 0.90223 0.90290 0.90357 0.90424 0.90492 0.90559 0.90626 0.90693 0.90760 0.90827 0.90894 0.90962 0.91029 0.91096 0.91163 0.91230 0.91297 0.91365 0.91432 0.91499 0.91566 0.91633 0.91700 0.91768 0.91835 0.91902 0.91969 0.92036 0.92104 0.92171 0.92238 0.92305 0.92372 0.92439 0.92507 0.92574 0.92641 0.92708 0.92776 0.92843
1,651.4 1,651.3 1,651.3 1,651.2 1,651.2 1,651.1 1,651.1 1,651.0 1,651.0 1,650.9 1,650.9 1,650.8 1,650.7 1,650.7 1,650.6 1,650.6 1,650.5 1,650.5 1,650.4 1,650.4 1,650.3 1,650.2 1,650.2 1,650.1 1,650.1 1,650.0 1,650.0 1,649.9 1,649.8 1,649.8 1,649.7 1,649.7 1,649.6 1,649.6 1,649.5 1,649.4 1,649.4 1,649.3 1,649.3 1,649.2 1,649.1 1,649.1 1,649.0 1,649.0 1,648.9 1,648.8 1,648.8 1,648.7 1,648.7
0.216570 0.216360 0.216150 0.215940 0.215730 0.215530 0.215320 0.215110 0.214910 0.214700 0.214500 0.214290 0.214090 0.213890 0.213680 0.213480 0.213280 0.213080 0.212880 0.212680 0.212480 0.212280 0.212090 0.211890 0.211690 0.211500 0.211300 0.211100 0.210910 0.210710 0.210520 0.210330 0.210130 0.209940 0.209750 0.209560 0.209370 0.209180 0.208990 0.208800 0.208610 0.208420 0.208230 0.208050 0.207860 0.207670 0.207490 0.207300 0.207120
473.68 473.87 474.07 474.27 474.46 474.66 474.85 475.05 475.24 475.43 475.63 475.82 476.01 476.21 476.40 476.59 476.78 476.98 477.17 477.36 477.55 477.74 477.93 478.12 478.31 478.50 478.69 478.88 479.07 479.26 479.45 479.63 479.82 480.01 480.20 480.38 480.57 480.76 480.94 481.13 481.32 481.50 481.69 481.87 482.06 482.24 482.43 482.61 482.79
533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581
1.1498 1.1520 1.1542 1.1564 1.1586 1.1608 1.1630 1.1652 1.1674 1.1697 1.1719 1.1741 1.1763 1.1785 1.1807 1.1829 1.1851 1.1873 1.1895 1.1917 1.1939 1.1962 1.1984 1.2006 1.2028 1.2050 1.2072 1.2094 1.2117 1.2139 1.2161 1.2183 1.2205 1.2227 1.2250 1.2272 1.2294 1.2316 1.2338 1.2361 1.2383 1.2405 1.2427 1.2449 1.2472 1.2494 1.2516 1.2538 1.2561
0.86970 0.86804 0.86638 0.86473 0.86309 0.86145 0.85982 0.85819 0.85657 0.85495 0.85334 0.85174 0.85014 0.84855 0.84696 0.84538 0.84381 0.84223 0.84067 0.83911 0.83756 0.83601 0.83446 0.83293 0.83139 0.82987 0.82834 0.82683 0.82532 0.82381 0.82231 0.82081 0.81932 0.81784 0.81635 0.81488 0.81341 0.81194 0.81048 0.80902 0.80757 0.80613 0.80469 0.80325 0.80182 0.80039 0.79897 0.79755 0.79614
1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.7 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.6 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.5 1,119.4 1,119.4 1,119.4 1,119.4 1,119.4 1,119.4 1,119.4 1,119.4 1,119.4 1,119.4 1,119.4 1,119.3 1,119.3 1,119.3 1,119.3 1,119.3 1,119.3 1,119.3 1,119.3
1,205.5 1,205.5 1,205.5 1,205.5 1,205.5 1,205.5 1,205.5 1,205.4 1,205.4 1,205.4 1,205.4 1,205.4 1,205.4 1,205.4 1,205.4 1,205.4 1,205.3 1,205.3 1,205.3 1,205.3 1,205.3 1,205.3 1,205.3 1,205.3 1,205.2 1,205.2 1,205.2 1,205.2 1,205.2 1,205.2 1,205.2 1,205.2 1,205.1 1,205.1 1,205.1 1,205.1 1,205.1 1,205.1 1,205.1 1,205.1 1,205.0 1,205.0 1,205.0 1,205.0 1,205.0 1,205.0 1,205.0 1,204.9 1,204.9
1.4590 1.4588 1.4587 1.4585 1.4583 1.4581 1.4579 1.4577 1.4576 1.4574 1.4572 1.4570 1.4568 1.4567 1.4565 1.4563 1.4561 1.4559 1.4558 1.4556 1.4554 1.4552 1.4551 1.4549 1.4547 1.4545 1.4543 1.4542 1.4540 1.4538 1.4536 1.4535 1.4533 1.4531 1.4529 1.4528 1.4526 1.4524 1.4522 1.4521 1.4519 1.4517 1.4515 1.4514 1.4512 1.4510 1.4509 1.4507 1.4505
0.57964 0.57987 0.58009 0.58031 0.58054 0.58076 0.58099 0.58121 0.58143 0.58165 0.58188 0.58210 0.58232 0.58254 0.58277 0.58299 0.58321 0.58343 0.58365 0.58387 0.58409 0.58431 0.58453 0.58475 0.58497 0.58519 0.58541 0.58563 0.58585 0.58607 0.58629 0.58650 0.58672 0.58694 0.58716 0.58738 0.58759 0.58781 0.58803 0.58824 0.58846 0.58868 0.58889 0.58911 0.58933 0.58954 0.58976 0.58997 0.59019
0.92910 0.92977 0.93044 0.93112 0.93179 0.93246 0.93313 0.93381 0.93448 0.93515 0.93583 0.93650 0.93717 0.93784 0.93852 0.93919 0.93986 0.94054 0.94121 0.94188 0.94256 0.94323 0.94391 0.94458 0.94525 0.94593 0.94660 0.94728 0.94795 0.94862 0.94930 0.94997 0.95065 0.95132 0.95200 0.95267 0.95335 0.95402 0.95470 0.95537 0.95605 0.95672 0.95740 0.95807 0.95875 0.95942 0.96010 0.96078 0.96145
1,648.6 1,648.5 1,648.5 1,648.4 1,648.3 1,648.3 1,648.2 1,648.2 1,648.1 1,648.0 1,648.0 1,647.9 1,647.8 1,647.8 1,647.7 1,647.7 1,647.6 1,647.5 1,647.5 1,647.4 1,647.3 1,647.3 1,647.2 1,647.1 1,647.1 1,647.0 1,646.9 1,646.9 1,646.8 1,646.7 1,646.7 1,646.6 1,646.5 1,646.5 1,646.4 1,646.3 1,646.3 1,646.2 1,646.1 1,646.1 1,646.0 1,645.9 1,645.9 1,645.8 1,645.7 1,645.7 1,645.6 1,645.5 1,645.4
0.206930 0.206750 0.206560 0.206380 0.206200 0.206020 0.205830 0.205650 0.205470 0.205290 0.205110 0.204930 0.204750 0.204570 0.204400 0.204220 0.204040 0.203860 0.203690 0.203510 0.203340 0.203160 0.202990 0.202810 0.202640 0.202460 0.202290 0.202120 0.201950 0.201770 0.201600 0.201430 0.201260 0.201090 0.200920 0.200750 0.200580 0.200410 0.200250 0.200080 0.199910 0.199740 0.199580 0.199410 0.199250 0.199080 0.198910 0.198750 0.198590
482.98 483.16 483.34 483.53 483.71 483.89 484.07 484.26 484.44 484.62 484.80 484.98 485.16 485.34 485.52 485.70 485.88 486.06 486.24
582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600
1.2583 1.2605 1.2627 1.2650 1.2672 1.2694 1.2717 1.2739 1.2761 1.2783 1.2806 1.2828 1.2850 1.2873 1.2895 1.2917 1.2940 1.2962 1.2984
0.79473 0.79333 0.79193 0.79053 0.78914 0.78776 0.78638 0.78500 0.78363 0.78226 0.78090 0.77954 0.77819 0.77684 0.77549 0.77415 0.77281 0.77148 0.77015
1,119.3 1,119.3 1,119.2 1,119.2 1,119.2 1,119.2 1,119.2 1,119.2 1,119.2 1,119.2 1,119.2 1,119.2 1,119.1 1,119.1 1,119.1 1,119.1 1,119.1 1,119.1 1,119.1
1,204.9 1,204.9 1,204.9 1,204.9 1,204.9 1,204.8 1,204.8 1,204.8 1,204.8 1,204.8 1,204.8 1,204.8 1,204.7 1,204.7 1,204.7 1,204.7 1,204.7 1,204.7 1,204.6
1.4503 1.4502 1.4500 1.4498 1.4497 1.4495 1.4493 1.4492 1.4490 1.4488 1.4486 1.4485 1.4483 1.4481 1.4480 1.4478 1.4476 1.4475 1.4473
0.59040 0.59062 0.59083 0.59105 0.59126 0.59147 0.59169 0.59190 0.59212 0.59233 0.59254 0.59276 0.59297 0.59318 0.59339 0.59361 0.59382 0.59403 0.59424
0.96213 0.96281 0.96348 0.96416 0.96484 0.96551 0.96619 0.96687 0.96754 0.96822 0.96890 0.96958 0.97025 0.97093 0.97161 0.97229 0.97297 0.97364 0.97432
Auxiliary Data ( All data downloaded from NIST website: http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/fluid/ )
Reference States Internal energy Entropy
U= S=
0.0 0.0
at 273.16 K for saturated liquid. at 273.16 K for saturated liquid.
Additional fluid data Critical temperature (Tc)
705.10 oF
Critical pressure (Pc)
3200.1 psia
Critical density (Dc)
20.102 lbm/ft3 0.3443
Acentric factor Normal boiling point Dipole moment
211.95 oF 1.855 Debye
1,645.4 1,645.3 1,645.2 1,645.2 1,645.1 1,645.0 1,645.0 1,644.9 1,644.8 1,644.7 1,644.7 1,644.6 1,644.5 1,644.5 1,644.4 1,644.3 1,644.2 1,644.2 1,644.1
0.198420 0.198260 0.198090 0.197930 0.197770 0.197610 0.197450 0.197280 0.197120 0.196960 0.196800 0.196640 0.196480 0.196320 0.196170 0.196010 0.195850 0.195690 0.195530
7.14
7.00
6.29
4.57
Viscosity (cP)
Therm. Cond. (W/m*K)
Surf. Tension (lb/in)
Phase
0.1163 0.11623 0.11615 0.11608 0.11601 0.11594 0.11587 0.1158 0.11572 0.11565 0.11558 0.11551 0.11544 0.11537 0.1153 0.11523 0.11516 0.1151 0.11503 0.11496 0.11489 0.11482 0.11475 0.11469 0.11462 0.11455 0.11448 0.11442 0.11435 0.11428 0.11422 0.11415 0.11408 0.11402 0.11395 0.11389 0.11382 0.11375 0.11369 0.11362 0.11356 0.1135 0.11343 0.11337
0.64187 0.64175 0.64163 0.64151 0.64139 0.64127 0.64115 0.64103 0.64091 0.64079 0.64067 0.64055 0.64043 0.64031 0.64019 0.64007 0.63995 0.63984 0.63972 0.63960 0.63948 0.63936 0.63924 0.63912 0.63900 0.63888 0.63876 0.63864 0.63853 0.63841 0.63829 0.63817 0.63805 0.63793 0.63781 0.63769 0.63757 0.63746 0.63734 0.63722 0.63710 0.63698 0.63686 0.63674
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.1133 0.11324 0.11318 0.11311 0.11305 0.11299 0.11292 0.11286 0.1128 0.11273 0.11267 0.11261 0.11255 0.11249 0.11242 0.11236 0.1123 0.11224 0.11218 0.11212 0.11206 0.112 0.11194 0.11188 0.11182 0.11176 0.1117 0.11164 0.11158 0.11152 0.11146 0.1114 0.11134 0.11128 0.11122 0.11117 0.11111 0.11105 0.11099 0.11093 0.11088 0.11082 0.11076 0.1107 0.11065 0.11059 0.11053 0.11048 0.11042
0.63662 0.63651 0.63639 0.63627 0.63615 0.63603 0.63591 0.63580 0.63568 0.63556 0.63544 0.63532 0.63520 0.63508 0.63497 0.63485 0.63473 0.63461 0.63449 0.63438 0.63426 0.63414 0.63402 0.63390 0.63379 0.63367 0.63355 0.63343 0.63331 0.63320 0.63308 0.63296 0.63284 0.63272 0.63261 0.63249 0.63237 0.63225 0.63213 0.63202 0.63190 0.63178 0.63166 0.63155 0.63143 0.63131 0.63119 0.63108 0.63096
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.11036 0.11031 0.11025 0.11019 0.11014 0.11008 0.11003 0.10997 0.10992 0.10986 0.10981 0.10975 0.1097 0.10964 0.10959 0.10953 0.10948 0.10942 0.10937 0.10932 0.10926 0.10921 0.10915 0.1091 0.10905 0.10899 0.10894 0.10889 0.10884 0.10878 0.10873 0.10868 0.10863 0.10857 0.10852 0.10847 0.10842 0.10836 0.10831 0.10826 0.10821 0.10816 0.10811 0.10806 0.10801 0.10795 0.1079 0.10785 0.1078
0.63084 0.63072 0.63061 0.63049 0.63037 0.63025 0.63014 0.63002 0.62990 0.62978 0.62967 0.62955 0.62943 0.62932 0.62920 0.62908 0.62896 0.62885 0.62873 0.62861 0.62850 0.62838 0.62826 0.62814 0.62803 0.62791 0.62779 0.62768 0.62756 0.62744 0.62733 0.62721 0.62709 0.62697 0.62686 0.62674 0.62662 0.62651 0.62639 0.62627 0.62616 0.62604 0.62592 0.62581 0.62569 0.62557 0.62546 0.62534 0.62522
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.10775 0.1077 0.10765 0.1076 0.10755 0.1075 0.10745 0.1074 0.10735 0.1073 0.10725 0.1072 0.10716 0.10711 0.10706 0.10701 0.10696 0.10691 0.10686 0.10681 0.10677 0.10672 0.10667 0.10662 0.10657 0.10652 0.10648 0.10643 0.10638 0.10633 0.10629 0.10624 0.10619 0.10615 0.1061 0.10605 0.106 0.10596 0.10591 0.10586 0.10582 0.10577 0.10573 0.10568 0.10563 0.10559 0.10554 0.1055 0.10545
0.62511 0.62499 0.62487 0.62476 0.62464 0.62452 0.62441 0.62429 0.62418 0.62406 0.62394 0.62383 0.62371 0.62359 0.62348 0.62336 0.62325 0.62313 0.62301 0.62290 0.62278 0.62266 0.62255 0.62243 0.62232 0.62220 0.62208 0.62197 0.62185 0.62174 0.62162 0.62150 0.62139 0.62127 0.62116 0.62104 0.62092 0.62081 0.62069 0.62058 0.62046 0.62034 0.62023 0.62011 0.62000 0.61988 0.61977 0.61965 0.61953
0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.1054 0.10536 0.10531 0.10527 0.10522 0.10518 0.10513 0.10509 0.10504
0.61942 0.61930 0.61919 0.61907 0.61896 0.61884 0.61872 0.61861 0.61849
0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
Viscosity (cP)
Therm. Cond. (W/m*K)
Phase
0.01674 0.01675 0.01675 0.01676 0.01676 0.01677 0.01677 0.01678 0.01678 0.01679 0.01679 0.0168 0.0168 0.0168 0.01681 0.01681 0.01682 0.01682 0.01683 0.01683 0.01684 0.01684 0.01685 0.01685 0.01686 0.01686 0.01687 0.01687 0.01687 0.01688 0.01688 0.01689 0.01689 0.0169
0.04623 0.04626 0.04629 0.04632 0.04635 0.04639 0.04642 0.04645 0.04648 0.04651 0.04654 0.04657 0.04660 0.04663 0.04666 0.04669 0.04672 0.04675 0.04678 0.04681 0.04684 0.04687 0.04690 0.04693 0.04696 0.04699 0.04702 0.04705 0.04708 0.04711 0.04714 0.04717 0.04720 0.04723
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.0169 0.01691 0.01691 0.01692 0.01692 0.01693 0.01693 0.01693 0.01694 0.01694 0.01695 0.01695 0.01696 0.01696 0.01697 0.01697 0.01697 0.01698 0.01698 0.01699 0.01699 0.017 0.017 0.01701 0.01701 0.01701 0.01702 0.01702 0.01703 0.01703 0.01704 0.01704 0.01705 0.01705 0.01705 0.01706 0.01706 0.01707 0.01707 0.01708 0.01708 0.01708 0.01709 0.01709 0.0171 0.0171 0.01711 0.01711 0.01712
0.04726 0.04729 0.04732 0.04735 0.04738 0.04741 0.04744 0.04747 0.04750 0.04753 0.04756 0.04759 0.04761 0.04764 0.04767 0.04770 0.04773 0.04776 0.04779 0.04782 0.04785 0.04788 0.04791 0.04794 0.04797 0.04800 0.04802 0.04805 0.04808 0.04811 0.04814 0.04817 0.04820 0.04823 0.04826 0.04829 0.04831 0.04834 0.04837 0.04840 0.04843 0.04846 0.04849 0.04852 0.04854 0.04857 0.04860 0.04863 0.04866
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
0.01712 0.01712 0.01713 0.01713 0.01714 0.01714 0.01714 0.01715 0.01715 0.01716 0.01716 0.01717 0.01717 0.01717 0.01718 0.01718 0.01719 0.01719 0.0172 0.0172 0.0172 0.01721 0.01721 0.01722 0.01722 0.01722 0.01723 0.01723 0.01724 0.01724 0.01725 0.01725 0.01725 0.01726 0.01726 0.01727 0.01727 0.01727 0.01728 0.01728 0.01729 0.01729 0.01729 0.0173 0.0173 0.01731 0.01731 0.01731 0.01732
0.04869 0.04872 0.04874 0.04877 0.04880 0.04883 0.04886 0.04889 0.04892 0.04894 0.04897 0.04900 0.04903 0.04906 0.04909 0.04911 0.04914 0.04917 0.04920 0.04923 0.04926 0.04928 0.04931 0.04934 0.04937 0.04940 0.04942 0.04945 0.04948 0.04951 0.04954 0.04956 0.04959 0.04962 0.04965 0.04968 0.04970 0.04973 0.04976 0.04979 0.04982 0.04984 0.04987 0.04990 0.04993 0.04995 0.04998 0.05001 0.05004
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
0.01732 0.01733 0.01733 0.01733 0.01734 0.01734 0.01735 0.01735 0.01735 0.01736 0.01736 0.01737 0.01737 0.01737 0.01738 0.01738 0.01739 0.01739 0.01739 0.0174 0.0174 0.01741 0.01741 0.01741 0.01742 0.01742 0.01743 0.01743 0.01743 0.01744 0.01744 0.01745 0.01745 0.01745 0.01746 0.01746 0.01747 0.01747 0.01747 0.01748 0.01748 0.01748 0.01749 0.01749 0.0175 0.0175 0.0175 0.01751 0.01751
0.05007 0.05009 0.05012 0.05015 0.05018 0.05020 0.05023 0.05026 0.05029 0.05031 0.05034 0.05037 0.05040 0.05042 0.05045 0.05048 0.05051 0.05053 0.05056 0.05059 0.05062 0.05064 0.05067 0.05070 0.05073 0.05075 0.05078 0.05081 0.05084 0.05086 0.05089 0.05092 0.05095 0.05097 0.05100 0.05103 0.05105 0.05108 0.05111 0.05114 0.05116 0.05119 0.05122 0.05124 0.05127 0.05130 0.05133 0.05135 0.05138
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
0.01752 0.01752 0.01752 0.01753 0.01753 0.01753 0.01754 0.01754 0.01755 0.01755 0.01755 0.01756 0.01756 0.01756 0.01757 0.01757 0.01758 0.01758 0.01758
0.05141 0.05143 0.05146 0.05149 0.05152 0.05154 0.05157 0.05160 0.05162 0.05165 0.05168 0.05170 0.05173 0.05176 0.05179 0.05181 0.05184 0.05187 0.05189
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
Water Phase Data Data on Saturation Curve Temperatur Pressure e oF (psia)
486.42 486.60 486.78 486.96 487.14 487.31 487.49 487.67 487.85 488.02 488.20 488.38 488.55 488.73 488.91 489.08 489.26 489.43 489.61 489.78 489.96 490.13 490.31 490.48 490.66 490.83 491.00 491.18 491.35 491.52 491.70 491.87 492.04 492.21 492.38 492.56 492.73 492.90 493.07 493.24 493.41 493.58 493.75 493.92
601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644
Density (lbm/ft3)
Volume (ft3/lbm)
49.644 49.635 49.625 49.616 49.607 49.597 49.588 49.579 49.569 49.560 49.551 49.542 49.532 49.523 49.514 49.505 49.495 49.486 49.477 49.468 49.458 49.449 49.440 49.431 49.422 49.412 49.403 49.394 49.385 49.376 49.366 49.357 49.348 49.339 49.330 49.321 49.312 49.303 49.293 49.284 49.275 49.266 49.257 49.248
0.02014 0.02015 0.02015 0.02016 0.02016 0.02016 0.02017 0.02017 0.02017 0.02018 0.02018 0.02019 0.02019 0.02019 0.02020 0.02020 0.02020 0.02021 0.02021 0.02022 0.02022 0.02022 0.02023 0.02023 0.02023 0.02024 0.02024 0.02025 0.02025 0.02025 0.02026 0.02026 0.02026 0.02027 0.02027 0.02028 0.02028 0.02028 0.02029 0.02029 0.02029 0.02030 0.02030 0.02031
Internal Energy (Btu/lbm)
470.03 470.23 470.44 470.64 470.84 471.05 471.25 471.46 471.66 471.86 472.07 472.27 472.47 472.67 472.88 473.08 473.28 473.48 473.68 473.89 474.09 474.29 474.49 474.69 474.89 475.09 475.29 475.49 475.69 475.89 476.08 476.28 476.48 476.68 476.88 477.08 477.27 477.47 477.67 477.87 478.06 478.26 478.46 478.65
Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound (Btu/lbm) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) Spd. (ft/s)
472.27 472.48 472.69 472.89 473.10 473.31 473.52 473.73 473.94 474.14 474.35 474.56 474.76 474.97 475.18 475.38 475.59 475.80 476.00 476.21 476.41 476.62 476.82 477.03 477.23 477.43 477.64 477.84 478.05 478.25 478.45 478.65 478.86 479.06 479.26 479.46 479.67 479.87 480.07 480.27 480.47 480.67 480.87 481.07
0.67304 0.67325 0.67347 0.67369 0.67390 0.67412 0.67434 0.67455 0.67477 0.67498 0.67520 0.67541 0.67563 0.67584 0.67605 0.67627 0.67648 0.67669 0.67691 0.67712 0.67733 0.67754 0.67775 0.67797 0.67818 0.67839 0.67860 0.67881 0.67902 0.67923 0.67944 0.67965 0.67986 0.68006 0.68027 0.68048 0.68069 0.68090 0.68111 0.68131 0.68152 0.68173 0.68193 0.68214
0.75283 0.75276 0.75270 0.75264 0.75257 0.75251 0.75245 0.75238 0.75232 0.75226 0.75219 0.75213 0.75207 0.75201 0.75194 0.75188 0.75182 0.75176 0.75170 0.75163 0.75157 0.75151 0.75145 0.75139 0.75133 0.75127 0.75121 0.75114 0.75108 0.75102 0.75096 0.75090 0.75084 0.75078 0.75072 0.75066 0.75060 0.75054 0.75049 0.75043 0.75037 0.75031 0.75025 0.75019
1.1704 1.1706 1.1709 1.1711 1.1714 1.1717 1.1719 1.1722 1.1725 1.1727 1.1730 1.1732 1.1735 1.1738 1.1740 1.1743 1.1746 1.1748 1.1751 1.1754 1.1756 1.1759 1.1762 1.1764 1.1767 1.1770 1.1772 1.1775 1.1778 1.1780 1.1783 1.1785 1.1788 1.1791 1.1793 1.1796 1.1799 1.1801 1.1804 1.1807 1.1809 1.1812 1.1815 1.1817
3,733.3 3,731.9 3,730.5 3,729.1 3,727.8 3,726.4 3,725.0 3,723.6 3,722.3 3,720.9 3,719.5 3,718.1 3,716.8 3,715.4 3,714.0 3,712.7 3,711.3 3,709.9 3,708.6 3,707.2 3,705.8 3,704.5 3,703.1 3,701.8 3,700.4 3,699.0 3,697.7 3,696.3 3,695.0 3,693.6 3,692.3 3,690.9 3,689.6 3,688.2 3,686.9 3,685.5 3,684.2 3,682.8 3,681.5 3,680.1 3,678.8 3,677.4 3,676.1 3,674.8
JouleThomson (F/psia)
0.000159 0.000163 0.000166 0.000169 0.000173 0.000176 0.000180 0.000183 0.000186 0.000190 0.000193 0.000196 0.000200 0.000203 0.000207 0.000210 0.000213 0.000217 0.000220 0.000224 0.000227 0.000230 0.000234 0.000237 0.000241 0.000244 0.000247 0.000251 0.000254 0.000258 0.000261 0.000264 0.000268 0.000271 0.000275 0.000278 0.000281 0.000285 0.000288 0.000292 0.000295 0.000298 0.000302 0.000305
494.09 494.26 494.43 494.60 494.77 494.94 495.10 495.27 495.44 495.61 495.78 495.94 496.11 496.28 496.45 496.61 496.78 496.95 497.11 497.28 497.44 497.61 497.78 497.94 498.11 498.27 498.44 498.60 498.76 498.93 499.09 499.26 499.42 499.58 499.75 499.91 500.07 500.24 500.40 500.56 500.72 500.88 501.05 501.21 501.37 501.53 501.69 501.85 502.01
645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693
49.239 49.230 49.221 49.212 49.203 49.194 49.185 49.176 49.167 49.158 49.149 49.140 49.131 49.122 49.113 49.104 49.095 49.086 49.077 49.068 49.059 49.050 49.041 49.032 49.023 49.014 49.005 48.996 48.987 48.978 48.970 48.961 48.952 48.943 48.934 48.925 48.916 48.907 48.899 48.890 48.881 48.872 48.863 48.854 48.845 48.837 48.828 48.819 48.810
0.02031 0.02031 0.02032 0.02032 0.02032 0.02033 0.02033 0.02034 0.02034 0.02034 0.02035 0.02035 0.02035 0.02036 0.02036 0.02037 0.02037 0.02037 0.02038 0.02038 0.02038 0.02039 0.02039 0.02040 0.02040 0.02040 0.02041 0.02041 0.02041 0.02042 0.02042 0.02043 0.02043 0.02043 0.02044 0.02044 0.02044 0.02045 0.02045 0.02045 0.02046 0.02046 0.02047 0.02047 0.02047 0.02048 0.02048 0.02048 0.02049
478.85 479.04 479.24 479.44 479.63 479.83 480.02 480.22 480.41 480.60 480.80 480.99 481.19 481.38 481.57 481.77 481.96 482.15 482.34 482.54 482.73 482.92 483.11 483.30 483.50 483.69 483.88 484.07 484.26 484.45 484.64 484.83 485.02 485.21 485.40 485.59 485.78 485.97 486.16 486.35 486.54 486.72 486.91 487.10 487.29 487.48 487.66 487.85 488.04
481.27 481.47 481.67 481.87 482.07 482.27 482.47 482.67 482.87 483.07 483.27 483.46 483.66 483.86 484.06 484.26 484.45 484.65 484.85 485.04 485.24 485.44 485.63 485.83 486.02 486.22 486.41 486.61 486.80 487.00 487.19 487.39 487.58 487.78 487.97 488.16 488.36 488.55 488.74 488.94 489.13 489.32 489.52 489.71 489.90 490.09 490.28 490.48 490.67
0.68235 0.68255 0.68276 0.68296 0.68317 0.68337 0.68358 0.68378 0.68399 0.68419 0.68439 0.68460 0.68480 0.68500 0.68520 0.68541 0.68561 0.68581 0.68601 0.68622 0.68642 0.68662 0.68682 0.68702 0.68722 0.68742 0.68762 0.68782 0.68802 0.68822 0.68842 0.68862 0.68881 0.68901 0.68921 0.68941 0.68961 0.68980 0.69000 0.69020 0.69040 0.69059 0.69079 0.69099 0.69118 0.69138 0.69157 0.69177 0.69196
0.75013 0.75007 0.75001 0.74996 0.74990 0.74984 0.74978 0.74972 0.74967 0.74961 0.74955 0.74949 0.74944 0.74938 0.74932 0.74927 0.74921 0.74915 0.74910 0.74904 0.74898 0.74893 0.74887 0.74882 0.74876 0.74870 0.74865 0.74859 0.74854 0.74848 0.74843 0.74837 0.74832 0.74826 0.74821 0.74815 0.74810 0.74804 0.74799 0.74793 0.74788 0.74783 0.74777 0.74772 0.74767 0.74761 0.74756 0.74750 0.74745
1.1820 1.1823 1.1825 1.1828 1.1831 1.1834 1.1836 1.1839 1.1842 1.1844 1.1847 1.1850 1.1852 1.1855 1.1858 1.1860 1.1863 1.1866 1.1868 1.1871 1.1874 1.1877 1.1879 1.1882 1.1885 1.1887 1.1890 1.1893 1.1895 1.1898 1.1901 1.1904 1.1906 1.1909 1.1912 1.1914 1.1917 1.1920 1.1923 1.1925 1.1928 1.1931 1.1933 1.1936 1.1939 1.1942 1.1944 1.1947 1.1950
3,673.4 3,672.1 3,670.8 3,669.4 3,668.1 3,666.7 3,665.4 3,664.1 3,662.7 3,661.4 3,660.1 3,658.8 3,657.4 3,656.1 3,654.8 3,653.5 3,652.1 3,650.8 3,649.5 3,648.2 3,646.8 3,645.5 3,644.2 3,642.9 3,641.6 3,640.2 3,638.9 3,637.6 3,636.3 3,635.0 3,633.7 3,632.4 3,631.1 3,629.7 3,628.4 3,627.1 3,625.8 3,624.5 3,623.2 3,621.9 3,620.6 3,619.3 3,618.0 3,616.7 3,615.4 3,614.1 3,612.8 3,611.5 3,610.2
0.000309 0.000312 0.000316 0.000319 0.000322 0.000326 0.000329 0.000333 0.000336 0.000340 0.000343 0.000346 0.000350 0.000353 0.000357 0.000360 0.000364 0.000367 0.000370 0.000374 0.000377 0.000381 0.000384 0.000388 0.000391 0.000394 0.000398 0.000401 0.000405 0.000408 0.000412 0.000415 0.000419 0.000422 0.000425 0.000429 0.000432 0.000436 0.000439 0.000443 0.000446 0.000450 0.000453 0.000457 0.000460 0.000464 0.000467 0.000470 0.000474
502.17 502.33 502.49 502.65 502.81 502.97 503.13 503.29 503.45 503.61 503.77 503.93 504.09 504.24 504.40 504.56 504.72 504.88 505.03 505.19 505.35 505.50 505.66 505.82 505.97 506.13 506.29 506.44 506.60 506.75 506.91 507.06 507.22 507.37 507.53 507.68 507.84 507.99 508.15 508.30 508.45 508.61 508.76 508.91 509.07 509.22 509.37 509.53 509.68
694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742
48.801 48.793 48.784 48.775 48.766 48.758 48.749 48.740 48.731 48.722 48.714 48.705 48.696 48.688 48.679 48.670 48.661 48.653 48.644 48.635 48.627 48.618 48.609 48.600 48.592 48.583 48.574 48.566 48.557 48.548 48.540 48.531 48.523 48.514 48.505 48.497 48.488 48.479 48.471 48.462 48.454 48.445 48.436 48.428 48.419 48.411 48.402 48.394 48.385
0.02049 0.02050 0.02050 0.02050 0.02051 0.02051 0.02051 0.02052 0.02052 0.02052 0.02053 0.02053 0.02054 0.02054 0.02054 0.02055 0.02055 0.02055 0.02056 0.02056 0.02057 0.02057 0.02057 0.02058 0.02058 0.02058 0.02059 0.02059 0.02059 0.02060 0.02060 0.02061 0.02061 0.02061 0.02062 0.02062 0.02062 0.02063 0.02063 0.02064 0.02064 0.02064 0.02065 0.02065 0.02065 0.02066 0.02066 0.02066 0.02067
488.22 488.41 488.60 488.78 488.97 489.16 489.34 489.53 489.71 489.90 490.09 490.27 490.46 490.64 490.82 491.01 491.19 491.38 491.56 491.75 491.93 492.11 492.30 492.48 492.66 492.84 493.03 493.21 493.39 493.57 493.76 493.94 494.12 494.30 494.48 494.66 494.85 495.03 495.21 495.39 495.57 495.75 495.93 496.11 496.29 496.47 496.65 496.83 497.01
490.86 491.05 491.24 491.43 491.62 491.81 492.00 492.19 492.38 492.57 492.76 492.95 493.14 493.33 493.52 493.71 493.90 494.08 494.27 494.46 494.65 494.84 495.02 495.21 495.40 495.59 495.77 495.96 496.15 496.33 496.52 496.70 496.89 497.08 497.26 497.45 497.63 497.82 498.00 498.19 498.37 498.56 498.74 498.93 499.11 499.29 499.48 499.66 499.85
0.69216 0.69235 0.69255 0.69274 0.69294 0.69313 0.69332 0.69352 0.69371 0.69390 0.69410 0.69429 0.69448 0.69467 0.69487 0.69506 0.69525 0.69544 0.69563 0.69582 0.69601 0.69620 0.69639 0.69658 0.69677 0.69696 0.69715 0.69734 0.69753 0.69772 0.69791 0.69810 0.69829 0.69848 0.69866 0.69885 0.69904 0.69923 0.69941 0.69960 0.69979 0.69997 0.70016 0.70035 0.70053 0.70072 0.70091 0.70109 0.70128
0.74740 0.74735 0.74729 0.74724 0.74719 0.74713 0.74708 0.74703 0.74698 0.74692 0.74687 0.74682 0.74677 0.74672 0.74666 0.74661 0.74656 0.74651 0.74646 0.74641 0.74636 0.74631 0.74625 0.74620 0.74615 0.74610 0.74605 0.74600 0.74595 0.74590 0.74585 0.74580 0.74575 0.74570 0.74565 0.74560 0.74555 0.74550 0.74545 0.74540 0.74535 0.74531 0.74526 0.74521 0.74516 0.74511 0.74506 0.74501 0.74496
1.1953 1.1955 1.1958 1.1961 1.1963 1.1966 1.1969 1.1972 1.1974 1.1977 1.1980 1.1983 1.1985 1.1988 1.1991 1.1994 1.1996 1.1999 1.2002 1.2005 1.2007 1.2010 1.2013 1.2016 1.2018 1.2021 1.2024 1.2027 1.2029 1.2032 1.2035 1.2038 1.2041 1.2043 1.2046 1.2049 1.2052 1.2054 1.2057 1.2060 1.2063 1.2066 1.2068 1.2071 1.2074 1.2077 1.2080 1.2082 1.2085
3,608.9 3,607.6 3,606.3 3,605.0 3,603.7 3,602.5 3,601.2 3,599.9 3,598.6 3,597.3 3,596.0 3,594.7 3,593.4 3,592.1 3,590.9 3,589.6 3,588.3 3,587.0 3,585.7 3,584.5 3,583.2 3,581.9 3,580.6 3,579.3 3,578.1 3,576.8 3,575.5 3,574.2 3,573.0 3,571.7 3,570.4 3,569.2 3,567.9 3,566.6 3,565.4 3,564.1 3,562.8 3,561.6 3,560.3 3,559.0 3,557.8 3,556.5 3,555.2 3,554.0 3,552.7 3,551.5 3,550.2 3,548.9 3,547.7
0.000477 0.000481 0.000484 0.000488 0.000491 0.000495 0.000498 0.000502 0.000505 0.000509 0.000512 0.000516 0.000519 0.000523 0.000526 0.000530 0.000533 0.000537 0.000540 0.000544 0.000547 0.000551 0.000554 0.000558 0.000561 0.000565 0.000568 0.000572 0.000575 0.000579 0.000582 0.000586 0.000589 0.000593 0.000596 0.000600 0.000603 0.000607 0.000610 0.000614 0.000617 0.000621 0.000624 0.000628 0.000631 0.000635 0.000638 0.000642 0.000645
509.83 509.98 510.14 510.29 510.44 510.59 510.74 510.89 511.04 511.20 511.35 511.50 511.65 511.80 511.95 512.10 512.25 512.40 512.55 512.70 512.85 512.99 513.14 513.29 513.44 513.59 513.74 513.89 514.03 514.18 514.33 514.48 514.63 514.77 514.92 515.07 515.21 515.36 515.51 515.65 515.80 515.95 516.09 516.24 516.39 516.53 516.68 516.82 516.97
743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791
48.376 48.368 48.359 48.351 48.342 48.334 48.325 48.317 48.308 48.300 48.291 48.283 48.274 48.266 48.257 48.249 48.240 48.232 48.223 48.215 48.206 48.198 48.189 48.181 48.172 48.164 48.155 48.147 48.139 48.130 48.122 48.113 48.105 48.096 48.088 48.080 48.071 48.063 48.054 48.046 48.038 48.029 48.021 48.012 48.004 47.996 47.987 47.979 47.971
0.02067 0.02068 0.02068 0.02068 0.02069 0.02069 0.02069 0.02070 0.02070 0.02070 0.02071 0.02071 0.02072 0.02072 0.02072 0.02073 0.02073 0.02073 0.02074 0.02074 0.02074 0.02075 0.02075 0.02076 0.02076 0.02076 0.02077 0.02077 0.02077 0.02078 0.02078 0.02078 0.02079 0.02079 0.02080 0.02080 0.02080 0.02081 0.02081 0.02081 0.02082 0.02082 0.02082 0.02083 0.02083 0.02084 0.02084 0.02084 0.02085
497.18 497.36 497.54 497.72 497.90 498.08 498.26 498.43 498.61 498.79 498.97 499.14 499.32 499.50 499.68 499.85 500.03 500.21 500.38 500.56 500.73 500.91 501.09 501.26 501.44 501.61 501.79 501.96 502.14 502.31 502.49 502.66 502.84 503.01 503.18 503.36 503.53 503.71 503.88 504.05 504.23 504.40 504.57 504.74 504.92 505.09 505.26 505.43 505.61
500.03 500.21 500.40 500.58 500.76 500.94 501.13 501.31 501.49 501.67 501.85 502.04 502.22 502.40 502.58 502.76 502.94 503.12 503.30 503.48 503.67 503.85 504.03 504.21 504.39 504.56 504.74 504.92 505.10 505.28 505.46 505.64 505.82 506.00 506.18 506.35 506.53 506.71 506.89 507.07 507.24 507.42 507.60 507.78 507.95 508.13 508.31 508.48 508.66
0.70146 0.70165 0.70183 0.70202 0.70220 0.70238 0.70257 0.70275 0.70294 0.70312 0.70330 0.70349 0.70367 0.70385 0.70404 0.70422 0.70440 0.70458 0.70476 0.70495 0.70513 0.70531 0.70549 0.70567 0.70585 0.70603 0.70621 0.70639 0.70657 0.70675 0.70693 0.70711 0.70729 0.70747 0.70765 0.70783 0.70801 0.70819 0.70837 0.70854 0.70872 0.70890 0.70908 0.70926 0.70943 0.70961 0.70979 0.70996 0.71014
0.74492 0.74487 0.74482 0.74477 0.74472 0.74468 0.74463 0.74458 0.74453 0.74448 0.74444 0.74439 0.74434 0.74430 0.74425 0.74420 0.74415 0.74411 0.74406 0.74401 0.74397 0.74392 0.74388 0.74383 0.74378 0.74374 0.74369 0.74365 0.74360 0.74355 0.74351 0.74346 0.74342 0.74337 0.74333 0.74328 0.74324 0.74319 0.74315 0.74310 0.74306 0.74301 0.74297 0.74292 0.74288 0.74283 0.74279 0.74275 0.74270
1.2088 1.2091 1.2094 1.2096 1.2099 1.2102 1.2105 1.2108 1.2110 1.2113 1.2116 1.2119 1.2122 1.2124 1.2127 1.2130 1.2133 1.2136 1.2138 1.2141 1.2144 1.2147 1.2150 1.2153 1.2155 1.2158 1.2161 1.2164 1.2167 1.2170 1.2172 1.2175 1.2178 1.2181 1.2184 1.2187 1.2189 1.2192 1.2195 1.2198 1.2201 1.2204 1.2207 1.2209 1.2212 1.2215 1.2218 1.2221 1.2224
3,546.4 3,545.2 3,543.9 3,542.7 3,541.4 3,540.1 3,538.9 3,537.6 3,536.4 3,535.1 3,533.9 3,532.6 3,531.4 3,530.2 3,528.9 3,527.7 3,526.4 3,525.2 3,523.9 3,522.7 3,521.4 3,520.2 3,519.0 3,517.7 3,516.5 3,515.2 3,514.0 3,512.8 3,511.5 3,510.3 3,509.1 3,507.8 3,506.6 3,505.4 3,504.1 3,502.9 3,501.7 3,500.4 3,499.2 3,498.0 3,496.7 3,495.5 3,494.3 3,493.1 3,491.8 3,490.6 3,489.4 3,488.2 3,486.9
0.000649 0.000652 0.000656 0.000659 0.000663 0.000667 0.000670 0.000674 0.000677 0.000681 0.000684 0.000688 0.000691 0.000695 0.000698 0.000702 0.000705 0.000709 0.000713 0.000716 0.000720 0.000723 0.000727 0.000730 0.000734 0.000737 0.000741 0.000745 0.000748 0.000752 0.000755 0.000759 0.000762 0.000766 0.000770 0.000773 0.000777 0.000780 0.000784 0.000788 0.000791 0.000795 0.000798 0.000802 0.000805 0.000809 0.000813 0.000816 0.000820
517.11 517.26 517.40 517.55 517.69 517.84 517.98 518.12 518.27
792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800
47.962 47.954 47.946 47.937 47.929 47.921 47.912 47.904 47.896
0.02085 0.02085 0.02086 0.02086 0.02086 0.02087 0.02087 0.02088 0.02088
505.78 505.95 506.12 506.29 506.46 506.64 506.81 506.98 507.15
508.84 509.01 509.19 509.36 509.54 509.72 509.89 510.07 510.24
0.71032 0.71049 0.71067 0.71085 0.71102 0.71120 0.71137 0.71155 0.71173
0.74266 0.74261 0.74257 0.74253 0.74248 0.74244 0.74240 0.74235 0.74231
1.2227 1.2230 1.2232 1.2235 1.2238 1.2241 1.2244 1.2247 1.2250
3,485.7 3,484.5 3,483.3 3,482.1 3,480.8 3,479.6 3,478.4 3,477.2 3,476.0
0.000823 0.000827 0.000831 0.000834 0.000838 0.000841 0.000845 0.000849 0.000852
Steam Phase Data Data on Saturation Curve Temperatur Pressure e oF (psia)
486.42 486.60 486.78 486.96 487.14 487.31 487.49 487.67 487.85 488.02 488.20 488.38 488.55 488.73 488.91 489.08 489.26 489.43 489.61 489.78 489.96 490.13 490.31 490.48 490.66 490.83 491.00 491.18 491.35 491.52 491.70 491.87 492.04 492.21
601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634
Density (lbm/ft3)
Volume (ft3/lbm)
1.3007 1.3029 1.3051 1.3074 1.3096 1.3119 1.3141 1.3163 1.3186 1.3208 1.3231 1.3253 1.3275 1.3298 1.3320 1.3343 1.3365 1.3388 1.3410 1.3433 1.3455 1.3477 1.3500 1.3522 1.3545 1.3567 1.3590 1.3612 1.3635 1.3657 1.3680 1.3702 1.3725 1.3748
0.76883 0.76751 0.76620 0.76488 0.76358 0.76227 0.76098 0.75968 0.75839 0.75710 0.75582 0.75454 0.75327 0.75200 0.75073 0.74947 0.74821 0.74696 0.74571 0.74446 0.74322 0.74198 0.74074 0.73951 0.73829 0.73706 0.73584 0.73462 0.73341 0.73220 0.73100 0.72980 0.72860 0.72740
Internal Energy (Btu/lbm)
1,119.1 1,119.1 1,119.0 1,119.0 1,119.0 1,119.0 1,119.0 1,119.0 1,119.0 1,119.0 1,119.0 1,118.9 1,118.9 1,118.9 1,118.9 1,118.9 1,118.9 1,118.9 1,118.9 1,118.8 1,118.8 1,118.8 1,118.8 1,118.8 1,118.8 1,118.8 1,118.8 1,118.7 1,118.7 1,118.7 1,118.7 1,118.7 1,118.7 1,118.7
Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound (Btu/lbm) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) Spd. (ft/s)
1,204.6 1,204.6 1,204.6 1,204.6 1,204.6 1,204.6 1,204.5 1,204.5 1,204.5 1,204.5 1,204.5 1,204.5 1,204.4 1,204.4 1,204.4 1,204.4 1,204.4 1,204.3 1,204.3 1,204.3 1,204.3 1,204.3 1,204.3 1,204.2 1,204.2 1,204.2 1,204.2 1,204.2 1,204.2 1,204.1 1,204.1 1,204.1 1,204.1 1,204.1
1.4471 1.4470 1.4468 1.4466 1.4465 1.4463 1.4461 1.4460 1.4458 1.4456 1.4455 1.4453 1.4451 1.4450 1.4448 1.4446 1.4445 1.4443 1.4442 1.4440 1.4438 1.4437 1.4435 1.4433 1.4432 1.4430 1.4428 1.4427 1.4425 1.4424 1.4422 1.4420 1.4419 1.4417
0.59445 0.59466 0.59488 0.59509 0.59530 0.59551 0.59572 0.59593 0.59614 0.59635 0.59656 0.59677 0.59698 0.59719 0.59740 0.59761 0.59781 0.59802 0.59823 0.59844 0.59865 0.59886 0.59906 0.59927 0.59948 0.59969 0.59990 0.60010 0.60031 0.60052 0.60072 0.60093 0.60114 0.60134
0.97500 0.97568 0.97636 0.97704 0.97772 0.97840 0.97908 0.97976 0.98044 0.98112 0.98180 0.98248 0.98316 0.98384 0.98452 0.98520 0.98588 0.98656 0.98724 0.98792 0.98860 0.98929 0.98997 0.99065 0.99133 0.99202 0.99270 0.99338 0.99406 0.99475 0.99543 0.99611 0.99680 0.99748
1,644.0 1,644.0 1,643.9 1,643.8 1,643.7 1,643.7 1,643.6 1,643.5 1,643.4 1,643.4 1,643.3 1,643.2 1,643.1 1,643.1 1,643.0 1,642.9 1,642.8 1,642.8 1,642.7 1,642.6 1,642.5 1,642.5 1,642.4 1,642.3 1,642.2 1,642.2 1,642.1 1,642.0 1,641.9 1,641.9 1,641.8 1,641.7 1,641.6 1,641.6
JouleThomson (F/psia)
0.195380 0.195220 0.195060 0.194910 0.194750 0.194600 0.194440 0.194290 0.194130 0.193980 0.193830 0.193670 0.193520 0.193370 0.193220 0.193060 0.192910 0.192760 0.192610 0.192460 0.192310 0.192160 0.192010 0.191860 0.191710 0.191560 0.191420 0.191270 0.191120 0.190970 0.190830 0.190680 0.190530 0.190390
492.38 492.56 492.73 492.90 493.07 493.24 493.41 493.58 493.75 493.92 494.09 494.26 494.43 494.60 494.77 494.94 495.10 495.27 495.44 495.61 495.78 495.94 496.11 496.28 496.45 496.61 496.78 496.95 497.11 497.28 497.44 497.61 497.78 497.94 498.11 498.27 498.44 498.60 498.76 498.93 499.09 499.26 499.42 499.58 499.75 499.91 500.07 500.24 500.40
635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683
1.3770 1.3793 1.3815 1.3838 1.3860 1.3883 1.3905 1.3928 1.3951 1.3973 1.3996 1.4018 1.4041 1.4064 1.4086 1.4109 1.4131 1.4154 1.4177 1.4199 1.4222 1.4245 1.4267 1.4290 1.4313 1.4335 1.4358 1.4381 1.4403 1.4426 1.4449 1.4472 1.4494 1.4517 1.4540 1.4562 1.4585 1.4608 1.4631 1.4653 1.4676 1.4699 1.4722 1.4745 1.4767 1.4790 1.4813 1.4836 1.4858
0.72621 0.72503 0.72384 0.72266 0.72149 0.72031 0.71915 0.71798 0.71682 0.71566 0.71450 0.71335 0.71220 0.71106 0.70992 0.70878 0.70764 0.70651 0.70538 0.70426 0.70314 0.70202 0.70090 0.69979 0.69868 0.69758 0.69648 0.69538 0.69428 0.69319 0.69210 0.69101 0.68993 0.68885 0.68777 0.68670 0.68563 0.68456 0.68350 0.68243 0.68138 0.68032 0.67927 0.67822 0.67717 0.67613 0.67509 0.67405 0.67302
1,118.7 1,118.6 1,118.6 1,118.6 1,118.6 1,118.6 1,118.6 1,118.6 1,118.5 1,118.5 1,118.5 1,118.5 1,118.5 1,118.5 1,118.5 1,118.4 1,118.4 1,118.4 1,118.4 1,118.4 1,118.4 1,118.4 1,118.4 1,118.3 1,118.3 1,118.3 1,118.3 1,118.3 1,118.3 1,118.2 1,118.2 1,118.2 1,118.2 1,118.2 1,118.2 1,118.2 1,118.1 1,118.1 1,118.1 1,118.1 1,118.1 1,118.1 1,118.1 1,118.0 1,118.0 1,118.0 1,118.0 1,118.0 1,118.0
1,204.0 1,204.0 1,204.0 1,204.0 1,204.0 1,204.0 1,203.9 1,203.9 1,203.9 1,203.9 1,203.9 1,203.8 1,203.8 1,203.8 1,203.8 1,203.8 1,203.7 1,203.7 1,203.7 1,203.7 1,203.7 1,203.6 1,203.6 1,203.6 1,203.6 1,203.6 1,203.5 1,203.5 1,203.5 1,203.5 1,203.5 1,203.4 1,203.4 1,203.4 1,203.4 1,203.4 1,203.3 1,203.3 1,203.3 1,203.3 1,203.2 1,203.2 1,203.2 1,203.2 1,203.2 1,203.1 1,203.1 1,203.1 1,203.1
1.4416 1.4414 1.4412 1.4411 1.4409 1.4408 1.4406 1.4404 1.4403 1.4401 1.4400 1.4398 1.4396 1.4395 1.4393 1.4392 1.4390 1.4389 1.4387 1.4385 1.4384 1.4382 1.4381 1.4379 1.4378 1.4376 1.4374 1.4373 1.4371 1.4370 1.4368 1.4367 1.4365 1.4364 1.4362 1.4360 1.4359 1.4357 1.4356 1.4354 1.4353 1.4351 1.4350 1.4348 1.4347 1.4345 1.4343 1.4342 1.4340
0.60155 0.60175 0.60196 0.60217 0.60237 0.60258 0.60278 0.60299 0.60319 0.60340 0.60360 0.60380 0.60401 0.60421 0.60442 0.60462 0.60482 0.60503 0.60523 0.60543 0.60564 0.60584 0.60604 0.60625 0.60645 0.60665 0.60685 0.60705 0.60726 0.60746 0.60766 0.60786 0.60806 0.60826 0.60847 0.60867 0.60887 0.60907 0.60927 0.60947 0.60967 0.60987 0.61007 0.61027 0.61047 0.61067 0.61087 0.61107 0.61127
0.99816 0.99885 0.99953 1.00020 1.00090 1.00160 1.00230 1.00300 1.00360 1.00430 1.00500 1.00570 1.00640 1.00710 1.00780 1.00840 1.00910 1.00980 1.01050 1.01120 1.01190 1.01260 1.01330 1.01390 1.01460 1.01530 1.01600 1.01670 1.01740 1.01810 1.01880 1.01950 1.02020 1.02080 1.02150 1.02220 1.02290 1.02360 1.02430 1.02500 1.02570 1.02640 1.02710 1.02780 1.02850 1.02910 1.02980 1.03050 1.03120
1,641.5 1,641.4 1,641.3 1,641.2 1,641.2 1,641.1 1,641.0 1,640.9 1,640.9 1,640.8 1,640.7 1,640.6 1,640.5 1,640.5 1,640.4 1,640.3 1,640.2 1,640.1 1,640.1 1,640.0 1,639.9 1,639.8 1,639.7 1,639.7 1,639.6 1,639.5 1,639.4 1,639.3 1,639.3 1,639.2 1,639.1 1,639.0 1,638.9 1,638.9 1,638.8 1,638.7 1,638.6 1,638.5 1,638.4 1,638.4 1,638.3 1,638.2 1,638.1 1,638.0 1,637.9 1,637.9 1,637.8 1,637.7 1,637.6
0.190240 0.190100 0.189950 0.189810 0.189660 0.189520 0.189370 0.189230 0.189090 0.188940 0.188800 0.188660 0.188520 0.188370 0.188230 0.188090 0.187950 0.187810 0.187670 0.187530 0.187390 0.187250 0.187110 0.186970 0.186830 0.186690 0.186560 0.186420 0.186280 0.186140 0.186010 0.185870 0.185730 0.185600 0.185460 0.185330 0.185190 0.185060 0.184920 0.184790 0.184650 0.184520 0.184380 0.184250 0.184120 0.183980 0.183850 0.183720 0.183590
500.56 500.72 500.88 501.05 501.21 501.37 501.53 501.69 501.85 502.01 502.17 502.33 502.49 502.65 502.81 502.97 503.13 503.29 503.45 503.61 503.77 503.93 504.09 504.24 504.40 504.56 504.72 504.88 505.03 505.19 505.35 505.50 505.66 505.82 505.97 506.13 506.29 506.44 506.60 506.75 506.91 507.06 507.22 507.37 507.53 507.68 507.84 507.99 508.15
684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732
1.4881 1.4904 1.4927 1.4950 1.4973 1.4995 1.5018 1.5041 1.5064 1.5087 1.5110 1.5133 1.5156 1.5178 1.5201 1.5224 1.5247 1.5270 1.5293 1.5316 1.5339 1.5362 1.5385 1.5408 1.5431 1.5454 1.5477 1.5500 1.5523 1.5546 1.5569 1.5592 1.5615 1.5638 1.5661 1.5684 1.5707 1.5730 1.5753 1.5776 1.5799 1.5822 1.5845 1.5868 1.5891 1.5914 1.5937 1.5960 1.5983
0.67198 0.67095 0.66993 0.66891 0.66789 0.66687 0.66585 0.66484 0.66383 0.66283 0.66182 0.66082 0.65982 0.65883 0.65784 0.65685 0.65586 0.65487 0.65389 0.65291 0.65194 0.65096 0.64999 0.64903 0.64806 0.64710 0.64614 0.64518 0.64422 0.64327 0.64232 0.64137 0.64043 0.63949 0.63855 0.63761 0.63667 0.63574 0.63481 0.63388 0.63296 0.63204 0.63112 0.63020 0.62928 0.62837 0.62746 0.62655 0.62565
1,117.9 1,117.9 1,117.9 1,117.9 1,117.9 1,117.9 1,117.8 1,117.8 1,117.8 1,117.8 1,117.8 1,117.8 1,117.7 1,117.7 1,117.7 1,117.7 1,117.7 1,117.7 1,117.6 1,117.6 1,117.6 1,117.6 1,117.6 1,117.6 1,117.5 1,117.5 1,117.5 1,117.5 1,117.5 1,117.5 1,117.4 1,117.4 1,117.4 1,117.4 1,117.4 1,117.4 1,117.3 1,117.3 1,117.3 1,117.3 1,117.3 1,117.3 1,117.2 1,117.2 1,117.2 1,117.2 1,117.2 1,117.1 1,117.1
1,203.1 1,203.0 1,203.0 1,203.0 1,203.0 1,202.9 1,202.9 1,202.9 1,202.9 1,202.9 1,202.8 1,202.8 1,202.8 1,202.8 1,202.7 1,202.7 1,202.7 1,202.7 1,202.6 1,202.6 1,202.6 1,202.6 1,202.6 1,202.5 1,202.5 1,202.5 1,202.5 1,202.4 1,202.4 1,202.4 1,202.4 1,202.3 1,202.3 1,202.3 1,202.3 1,202.2 1,202.2 1,202.2 1,202.2 1,202.2 1,202.1 1,202.1 1,202.1 1,202.1 1,202.0 1,202.0 1,202.0 1,202.0 1,201.9
1.4339 1.4337 1.4336 1.4334 1.4333 1.4331 1.4330 1.4328 1.4327 1.4325 1.4324 1.4322 1.4321 1.4319 1.4318 1.4316 1.4315 1.4313 1.4312 1.4310 1.4309 1.4307 1.4306 1.4304 1.4303 1.4301 1.4300 1.4298 1.4297 1.4295 1.4294 1.4292 1.4291 1.4289 1.4288 1.4286 1.4285 1.4284 1.4282 1.4281 1.4279 1.4278 1.4276 1.4275 1.4273 1.4272 1.4270 1.4269 1.4267
0.61147 0.61166 0.61186 0.61206 0.61226 0.61246 0.61266 0.61285 0.61305 0.61325 0.61345 0.61365 0.61384 0.61404 0.61424 0.61444 0.61463 0.61483 0.61503 0.61522 0.61542 0.61562 0.61581 0.61601 0.61620 0.61640 0.61660 0.61679 0.61699 0.61718 0.61738 0.61757 0.61777 0.61796 0.61816 0.61835 0.61855 0.61874 0.61894 0.61913 0.61932 0.61952 0.61971 0.61991 0.62010 0.62029 0.62049 0.62068 0.62087
1.03190 1.03260 1.03330 1.03400 1.03470 1.03540 1.03610 1.03680 1.03750 1.03820 1.03890 1.03960 1.04030 1.04100 1.04170 1.04240 1.04310 1.04380 1.04440 1.04510 1.04580 1.04650 1.04720 1.04790 1.04860 1.04930 1.05000 1.05070 1.05140 1.05210 1.05280 1.05350 1.05420 1.05500 1.05570 1.05640 1.05710 1.05780 1.05850 1.05920 1.05990 1.06060 1.06130 1.06200 1.06270 1.06340 1.06410 1.06480 1.06550
1,637.5 1,637.4 1,637.4 1,637.3 1,637.2 1,637.1 1,637.0 1,636.9 1,636.9 1,636.8 1,636.7 1,636.6 1,636.5 1,636.4 1,636.4 1,636.3 1,636.2 1,636.1 1,636.0 1,635.9 1,635.8 1,635.8 1,635.7 1,635.6 1,635.5 1,635.4 1,635.3 1,635.2 1,635.1 1,635.1 1,635.0 1,634.9 1,634.8 1,634.7 1,634.6 1,634.5 1,634.5 1,634.4 1,634.3 1,634.2 1,634.1 1,634.0 1,633.9 1,633.8 1,633.7 1,633.7 1,633.6 1,633.5 1,633.4
0.183450 0.183320 0.183190 0.183060 0.182930 0.182800 0.182670 0.182540 0.182410 0.182280 0.182150 0.182020 0.181890 0.181760 0.181640 0.181510 0.181380 0.181250 0.181120 0.181000 0.180870 0.180740 0.180620 0.180490 0.180360 0.180240 0.180110 0.179990 0.179860 0.179740 0.179610 0.179490 0.179370 0.179240 0.179120 0.179000 0.178870 0.178750 0.178630 0.178500 0.178380 0.178260 0.178140 0.178020 0.177900 0.177770 0.177650 0.177530 0.177410
508.30 508.45 508.61 508.76 508.91 509.07 509.22 509.37 509.53 509.68 509.83 509.98 510.14 510.29 510.44 510.59 510.74 510.89 511.04 511.20 511.35 511.50 511.65 511.80 511.95 512.10 512.25 512.40 512.55 512.70 512.85 512.99 513.14 513.29 513.44 513.59 513.74 513.89 514.03 514.18 514.33 514.48 514.63 514.77 514.92 515.07 515.21 515.36 515.51
733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781
1.6007 1.6030 1.6053 1.6076 1.6099 1.6122 1.6145 1.6169 1.6192 1.6215 1.6238 1.6261 1.6284 1.6308 1.6331 1.6354 1.6377 1.6400 1.6424 1.6447 1.6470 1.6493 1.6517 1.6540 1.6563 1.6586 1.6610 1.6633 1.6656 1.6680 1.6703 1.6726 1.6749 1.6773 1.6796 1.6819 1.6843 1.6866 1.6889 1.6913 1.6936 1.6960 1.6983 1.7006 1.7030 1.7053 1.7076 1.7100 1.7123
0.62474 0.62384 0.62294 0.62205 0.62115 0.62026 0.61937 0.61848 0.61760 0.61672 0.61584 0.61496 0.61408 0.61321 0.61234 0.61147 0.61060 0.60974 0.60888 0.60802 0.60716 0.60631 0.60545 0.60460 0.60375 0.60290 0.60206 0.60122 0.60038 0.59954 0.59870 0.59787 0.59704 0.59621 0.59538 0.59455 0.59373 0.59291 0.59209 0.59127 0.59045 0.58964 0.58883 0.58802 0.58721 0.58641 0.58560 0.58480 0.58400
1,117.1 1,117.1 1,117.1 1,117.1 1,117.0 1,117.0 1,117.0 1,117.0 1,117.0 1,116.9 1,116.9 1,116.9 1,116.9 1,116.9 1,116.8 1,116.8 1,116.8 1,116.8 1,116.8 1,116.8 1,116.7 1,116.7 1,116.7 1,116.7 1,116.7 1,116.6 1,116.6 1,116.6 1,116.6 1,116.6 1,116.5 1,116.5 1,116.5 1,116.5 1,116.5 1,116.4 1,116.4 1,116.4 1,116.4 1,116.4 1,116.3 1,116.3 1,116.3 1,116.3 1,116.3 1,116.2 1,116.2 1,116.2 1,116.2
1,201.9 1,201.9 1,201.9 1,201.8 1,201.8 1,201.8 1,201.8 1,201.7 1,201.7 1,201.7 1,201.7 1,201.6 1,201.6 1,201.6 1,201.5 1,201.5 1,201.5 1,201.5 1,201.4 1,201.4 1,201.4 1,201.4 1,201.3 1,201.3 1,201.3 1,201.3 1,201.2 1,201.2 1,201.2 1,201.2 1,201.1 1,201.1 1,201.1 1,201.0 1,201.0 1,201.0 1,201.0 1,200.9 1,200.9 1,200.9 1,200.9 1,200.8 1,200.8 1,200.8 1,200.8 1,200.7 1,200.7 1,200.7 1,200.6
1.4266 1.4265 1.4263 1.4262 1.4260 1.4259 1.4257 1.4256 1.4254 1.4253 1.4252 1.4250 1.4249 1.4247 1.4246 1.4244 1.4243 1.4242 1.4240 1.4239 1.4237 1.4236 1.4234 1.4233 1.4232 1.4230 1.4229 1.4227 1.4226 1.4224 1.4223 1.4222 1.4220 1.4219 1.4217 1.4216 1.4215 1.4213 1.4212 1.4210 1.4209 1.4208 1.4206 1.4205 1.4203 1.4202 1.4201 1.4199 1.4198
0.62107 0.62126 0.62145 0.62164 0.62184 0.62203 0.62222 0.62241 0.62261 0.62280 0.62299 0.62318 0.62337 0.62356 0.62376 0.62395 0.62414 0.62433 0.62452 0.62471 0.62490 0.62509 0.62528 0.62547 0.62566 0.62585 0.62605 0.62624 0.62643 0.62662 0.62680 0.62699 0.62718 0.62737 0.62756 0.62775 0.62794 0.62813 0.62832 0.62851 0.62870 0.62889 0.62907 0.62926 0.62945 0.62964 0.62983 0.63001 0.63020
1.06620 1.06690 1.06760 1.06830 1.06900 1.06980 1.07050 1.07120 1.07190 1.07260 1.07330 1.07400 1.07470 1.07540 1.07610 1.07680 1.07760 1.07830 1.07900 1.07970 1.08040 1.08110 1.08180 1.08250 1.08330 1.08400 1.08470 1.08540 1.08610 1.08680 1.08750 1.08830 1.08900 1.08970 1.09040 1.09110 1.09180 1.09260 1.09330 1.09400 1.09470 1.09540 1.09610 1.09690 1.09760 1.09830 1.09900 1.09970 1.10050
1,633.3 1,633.2 1,633.1 1,633.0 1,633.0 1,632.9 1,632.8 1,632.7 1,632.6 1,632.5 1,632.4 1,632.3 1,632.2 1,632.1 1,632.1 1,632.0 1,631.9 1,631.8 1,631.7 1,631.6 1,631.5 1,631.4 1,631.3 1,631.2 1,631.1 1,631.1 1,631.0 1,630.9 1,630.8 1,630.7 1,630.6 1,630.5 1,630.4 1,630.3 1,630.2 1,630.1 1,630.0 1,629.9 1,629.9 1,629.8 1,629.7 1,629.6 1,629.5 1,629.4 1,629.3 1,629.2 1,629.1 1,629.0 1,628.9
0.177290 0.177170 0.177050 0.176930 0.176810 0.176690 0.176580 0.176460 0.176340 0.176220 0.176100 0.175980 0.175870 0.175750 0.175630 0.175510 0.175400 0.175280 0.175160 0.175050 0.174930 0.174820 0.174700 0.174590 0.174470 0.174360 0.174240 0.174130 0.174010 0.173900 0.173780 0.173670 0.173560 0.173440 0.173330 0.173220 0.173100 0.172990 0.172880 0.172770 0.172660 0.172540 0.172430 0.172320 0.172210 0.172100 0.171990 0.171880 0.171770
515.65 515.80 515.95 516.09 516.24 516.39 516.53 516.68 516.82 516.97 517.11 517.26 517.40 517.55 517.69 517.84 517.98 518.12 518.27
782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800
1.7147 1.7170 1.7194 1.7217 1.7240 1.7264 1.7287 1.7311 1.7334 1.7358 1.7381 1.7405 1.7428 1.7452 1.7475 1.7499 1.7522 1.7546 1.7569
0.58320 0.58241 0.58161 0.58082 0.58003 0.57924 0.57846 0.57767 0.57689 0.57611 0.57533 0.57456 0.57378 0.57301 0.57224 0.57147 0.57070 0.56994 0.56917
1,116.2 1,116.1 1,116.1 1,116.1 1,116.1 1,116.1 1,116.0 1,116.0 1,116.0 1,116.0 1,116.0 1,115.9 1,115.9 1,115.9 1,115.9 1,115.9 1,115.8 1,115.8 1,115.8
1,200.6 1,200.6 1,200.6 1,200.5 1,200.5 1,200.5 1,200.4 1,200.4 1,200.4 1,200.4 1,200.3 1,200.3 1,200.3 1,200.2 1,200.2 1,200.2 1,200.2 1,200.1 1,200.1
1.4196 1.4195 1.4194 1.4192 1.4191 1.4189 1.4188 1.4187 1.4185 1.4184 1.4182 1.4181 1.4180 1.4178 1.4177 1.4176 1.4174 1.4173 1.4171
0.63039 0.63058 0.63077 0.63095 0.63114 0.63133 0.63152 0.63170 0.63189 0.63208 0.63226 0.63245 0.63264 0.63282 0.63301 0.63320 0.63338 0.63357 0.63375
1.10120 1.10190 1.10260 1.10340 1.10410 1.10480 1.10550 1.10620 1.10700 1.10770 1.10840 1.10910 1.10990 1.11060 1.11130 1.11200 1.11280 1.11350 1.11420
Auxiliary Data ( All data downloaded from NIST website: http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/fluid/ )
Reference States Internal energy Entropy
U= S=
0.0 0.0
at 273.16 K for saturated liquid. at 273.16 K for saturated liquid.
Additional fluid data Critical temperature (Tc)
705.10 oF
Critical pressure (Pc)
3200.1 psia
Critical density (Dc)
20.102 lbm/ft3 0.3443
Acentric factor Normal boiling point Dipole moment
211.95 oF 1.855 Debye
1,628.8 1,628.7 1,628.6 1,628.5 1,628.5 1,628.4 1,628.3 1,628.2 1,628.1 1,628.0 1,627.9 1,627.8 1,627.7 1,627.6 1,627.5 1,627.4 1,627.3 1,627.2 1,627.1
0.171660 0.171550 0.171440 0.171330 0.171220 0.171110 0.171000 0.170890 0.170780 0.170670 0.170560 0.170460 0.170350 0.170240 0.170130 0.170020 0.169920 0.169810 0.169700
Viscosity (cP)
0.10500 0.10495 0.10491 0.10486 0.10482 0.10478 0.10473 0.10469 0.10464 0.10460 0.10455 0.10451 0.10447 0.10442 0.10438 0.10434 0.10429 0.10425 0.10421 0.10416 0.10412 0.10408 0.10403 0.10399 0.10395 0.10390 0.10386 0.10382 0.10378 0.10373 0.10369 0.10365 0.10361 0.10356 0.10352 0.10348 0.10344 0.10340 0.10336 0.10331 0.10327 0.10323 0.10319 0.10315
Therm. Cond. (W/m*K)
0.61838 0.61826 0.61815 0.61803 0.61792 0.61780 0.61769 0.61757 0.61745 0.61734 0.61722 0.61711 0.61699 0.61688 0.61676 0.61665 0.61653 0.61642 0.61630 0.61619 0.61607 0.61596 0.61584 0.61573 0.61561 0.61550 0.61538 0.61527 0.61515 0.61504 0.61492 0.61480 0.61469 0.61458 0.61446 0.61435 0.61423 0.61412 0.61400 0.61389 0.61377 0.61366 0.61354 0.61343
Surf. Tension (lb/in)
0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
Phase
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.10311 0.10306 0.10302 0.10298 0.10294 0.10290 0.10286 0.10282 0.10278 0.10274 0.10270 0.10266 0.10262 0.10257 0.10253 0.10249 0.10245 0.10241 0.10237 0.10233 0.10229 0.10225 0.10221 0.10217 0.10213 0.10210 0.10206 0.10202 0.10198 0.10194 0.10190 0.10186 0.10182 0.10178 0.10174 0.10170 0.10166 0.10162 0.10159 0.10155 0.10151 0.10147 0.10143 0.10139 0.10135 0.10132 0.10128 0.10124 0.10120
0.61331 0.61320 0.61308 0.61297 0.61285 0.61274 0.61262 0.61251 0.61239 0.61228 0.61216 0.61205 0.61193 0.61182 0.61171 0.61159 0.61148 0.61136 0.61125 0.61113 0.61102 0.61090 0.61079 0.61067 0.61056 0.61045 0.61033 0.61022 0.61010 0.60999 0.60987 0.60976 0.60965 0.60953 0.60942 0.60930 0.60919 0.60907 0.60896 0.60885 0.60873 0.60862 0.60850 0.60839 0.60827 0.60816 0.60805 0.60793 0.60782
0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.10116 0.10113 0.10109 0.10105 0.10101 0.10097 0.10094 0.10090 0.10086 0.10082 0.10079 0.10075 0.10071 0.10067 0.10064 0.10060 0.10056 0.10053 0.10049 0.10045 0.10041 0.10038 0.10034 0.10030 0.10027 0.10023 0.10019 0.10016 0.10012 0.10009 0.10005 0.10001 0.09998 0.09994 0.09990 0.09987 0.09983 0.09980 0.09976 0.09972 0.09969 0.09965 0.09962 0.09958 0.09955 0.09951 0.09948 0.09944 0.09940
0.60770 0.60759 0.60748 0.60736 0.60725 0.60713 0.60702 0.60691 0.60679 0.60668 0.60656 0.60645 0.60634 0.60622 0.60611 0.60600 0.60588 0.60577 0.60565 0.60554 0.60543 0.60531 0.60520 0.60509 0.60497 0.60486 0.60474 0.60463 0.60452 0.60440 0.60429 0.60418 0.60406 0.60395 0.60384 0.60372 0.60361 0.60350 0.60338 0.60327 0.60315 0.60304 0.60293 0.60281 0.60270 0.60259 0.60247 0.60236 0.60225
0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.09937 0.09933 0.09930 0.09926 0.09923 0.09919 0.09916 0.09912 0.09909 0.09905 0.09902 0.09898 0.09895 0.09891 0.09888 0.09885 0.09881 0.09878 0.09874 0.09871 0.09867 0.09864 0.09860 0.09857 0.09854 0.09850 0.09847 0.09843 0.09840 0.09837 0.09833 0.09830 0.09827 0.09823 0.09820 0.09816 0.09813 0.09810 0.09806 0.09803 0.09800 0.09796 0.09793 0.09790 0.09786 0.09783 0.09780 0.09776 0.09773
0.60213 0.60202 0.60191 0.60179 0.60168 0.60157 0.60145 0.60134 0.60123 0.60112 0.60100 0.60089 0.60078 0.60066 0.60055 0.60044 0.60032 0.60021 0.60010 0.59998 0.59987 0.59976 0.59965 0.59953 0.59942 0.59931 0.59919 0.59908 0.59897 0.59886 0.59874 0.59863 0.59852 0.59840 0.59829 0.59818 0.59807 0.59795 0.59784 0.59773 0.59761 0.59750 0.59739 0.59728 0.59716 0.59705 0.59694 0.59683 0.59671
0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.09770 0.09767 0.09763 0.09760 0.09757 0.09753 0.09750 0.09747 0.09744
0.59660 0.59649 0.59638 0.59626 0.59615 0.59604 0.59593 0.59581 0.59570
0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
Viscosity (cP)
Therm. Cond. (W/m*K)
Phase
0.01759 0.01759 0.01760 0.01760 0.01760 0.01761 0.01761 0.01761 0.01762 0.01762 0.01763 0.01763 0.01763 0.01764 0.01764 0.01764 0.01765 0.01765 0.01765 0.01766 0.01766 0.01767 0.01767 0.01767 0.01768 0.01768 0.01768 0.01769 0.01769 0.01770 0.01770 0.01770 0.01771 0.01771
0.05192 0.05195 0.05197 0.05200 0.05203 0.05205 0.05208 0.05211 0.05213 0.05216 0.05219 0.05221 0.05224 0.05227 0.05229 0.05232 0.05235 0.05237 0.05240 0.05243 0.05246 0.05248 0.05251 0.05254 0.05256 0.05259 0.05262 0.05264 0.05267 0.05269 0.05272 0.05275 0.05277 0.05280
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid
0.01771 0.01772 0.01772 0.01772 0.01773 0.01773 0.01774 0.01774 0.01774 0.01775 0.01775 0.01775 0.01776 0.01776 0.01776 0.01777 0.01777 0.01778 0.01778 0.01778 0.01779 0.01779 0.01779 0.01780 0.01780 0.01780 0.01781 0.01781 0.01782 0.01782 0.01782 0.01783 0.01783 0.01783 0.01784 0.01784 0.01784 0.01785 0.01785 0.01785 0.01786 0.01786 0.01786 0.01787 0.01787 0.01788 0.01788 0.01788 0.01789
0.05283 0.05285 0.05288 0.05291 0.05293 0.05296 0.05299 0.05301 0.05304 0.05307 0.05309 0.05312 0.05315 0.05317 0.05320 0.05323 0.05325 0.05328 0.05331 0.05333 0.05336 0.05338 0.05341 0.05344 0.05346 0.05349 0.05352 0.05354 0.05357 0.05360 0.05362 0.05365 0.05368 0.05370 0.05373 0.05375 0.05378 0.05381 0.05383 0.05386 0.05389 0.05391 0.05394 0.05397 0.05399 0.05402 0.05404 0.05407 0.05410
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
0.01789 0.01789 0.01790 0.01790 0.01790 0.01791 0.01791 0.01791 0.01792 0.01792 0.01792 0.01793 0.01793 0.01794 0.01794 0.01794 0.01795 0.01795 0.01795 0.01796 0.01796 0.01796 0.01797 0.01797 0.01797 0.01798 0.01798 0.01798 0.01799 0.01799 0.01799 0.01800 0.01800 0.01800 0.01801 0.01801 0.01801 0.01802 0.01802 0.01803 0.01803 0.01803 0.01804 0.01804 0.01804 0.01805 0.01805 0.01805 0.01806
0.05412 0.05415 0.05418 0.05420 0.05423 0.05425 0.05428 0.05431 0.05433 0.05436 0.05439 0.05441 0.05444 0.05446 0.05449 0.05452 0.05454 0.05457 0.05460 0.05462 0.05465 0.05467 0.05470 0.05473 0.05475 0.05478 0.05481 0.05483 0.05486 0.05488 0.05491 0.05494 0.05496 0.05499 0.05502 0.05504 0.05507 0.05509 0.05512 0.05515 0.05517 0.05520 0.05522 0.05525 0.05528 0.05530 0.05533 0.05536 0.05538
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
0.01806 0.01806 0.01807 0.01807 0.01807 0.01808 0.01808 0.01808 0.01809 0.01809 0.01809 0.01810 0.01810 0.01810 0.01811 0.01811 0.01811 0.01812 0.01812 0.01812 0.01813 0.01813 0.01813 0.01814 0.01814 0.01814 0.01815 0.01815 0.01815 0.01816 0.01816 0.01816 0.01817 0.01817 0.01817 0.01818 0.01818 0.01818 0.01819 0.01819 0.01819 0.01820 0.01820 0.01820 0.01821 0.01821 0.01821 0.01822 0.01822
0.05541 0.05543 0.05546 0.05549 0.05551 0.05554 0.05557 0.05559 0.05562 0.05564 0.05567 0.05570 0.05572 0.05575 0.05577 0.05580 0.05583 0.05585 0.05588 0.05591 0.05593 0.05596 0.05598 0.05601 0.05604 0.05606 0.05609 0.05611 0.05614 0.05617 0.05619 0.05622 0.05624 0.05627 0.05630 0.05632 0.05635 0.05638 0.05640 0.05643 0.05645 0.05648 0.05651 0.05653 0.05656 0.05658 0.05661 0.05664 0.05666
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
0.01822 0.01823 0.01823 0.01823 0.01824 0.01824 0.01824 0.01825 0.01825 0.01825 0.01826 0.01826 0.01826 0.01827 0.01827 0.01827 0.01828 0.01828 0.01828
0.05669 0.05672 0.05674 0.05677 0.05679 0.05682 0.05685 0.05687 0.05690 0.05692 0.05695 0.05698 0.05700 0.05703 0.05706 0.05708 0.05711 0.05713 0.05716
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
Super Heated Steam Data Isobaric Data for 614.706.43 psia 7.57 5.57 6.14 P = 7.71 Temperatur Pressure e oF (psia)
480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 488.85 488.85 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527
614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7
Density (lbm/ft3)
50.00 49.95 49.89 49.84 49.78 49.73 49.67 49.62 49.56 49.52 1.331 1.331 1.328 1.324 1.321 1.318 1.315 1.312 1.309 1.306 1.303 1.300 1.297 1.294 1.291 1.288 1.285 1.282 1.279 1.277 1.274 1.271 1.268 1.266 1.263 1.260 1.258 1.255 1.253 1.250 1.248 1.245 1.243 1.240 1.238 1.235 1.233 1.230 1.228 1.226
Volume (ft3/lbm)
0.0200 0.0200 0.0200 0.0201 0.0201 0.0201 0.0201 0.0202 0.0202 0.0202 0.7511 0.7514 0.7533 0.7551 0.7570 0.7588 0.7606 0.7624 0.7642 0.7660 0.7678 0.7695 0.7713 0.7730 0.7748 0.7765 0.7782 0.7800 0.7817 0.7834 0.7851 0.7867 0.7884 0.7901 0.7918 0.7934 0.7951 0.7967 0.7983 0.8000 0.8016 0.8032 0.8048 0.8064 0.8080 0.8096 0.8112 0.8128 0.8144 0.8159
Internal Energy (Btu/lbm)
462.51 463.66 464.82 465.99 467.15 468.31 469.48 470.65 471.82 472.82 1,118.9 1,119.0 1,119.8 1,120.5 1,121.3 1,122.0 1,122.8 1,123.5 1,124.2 1,125.0 1,125.7 1,126.4 1,127.1 1,127.8 1,128.5 1,129.2 1,129.9 1,130.5 1,131.2 1,131.9 1,132.6 1,133.2 1,133.9 1,134.6 1,135.2 1,135.9 1,136.5 1,137.2 1,137.8 1,138.4 1,139.1 1,139.7 1,140.3 1,141.0 1,141.6 1,142.2 1,142.8 1,143.4 1,144.1 1,144.7
6.29
7.29
7.43
7.43
6.71
Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound (Btu/lbm) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) Spd. (ft/s)
464.78 465.94 467.11 468.27 469.44 470.60 471.77 472.94 474.11 475.12 1,204.4 1,204.5 1,205.5 1,206.5 1,207.5 1,208.4 1,209.4 1,210.3 1,211.2 1,212.2 1,213.1 1,214.0 1,214.9 1,215.8 1,216.7 1,217.6 1,218.4 1,219.3 1,220.2 1,221.1 1,221.9 1,222.8 1,223.6 1,224.5 1,225.3 1,226.2 1,227.0 1,227.8 1,228.7 1,229.5 1,230.3 1,231.1 1,231.9 1,232.8 1,233.6 1,234.4 1,235.2 1,236.0 1,236.7 1,237.5
0.66505 0.66628 0.66752 0.66875 0.66999 0.67122 0.67246 0.67370 0.67493 0.67599 1.4449 1.4450 1.4460 1.4471 1.4481 1.4491 1.4501 1.4510 1.4520 1.4530 1.4539 1.4549 1.4558 1.4568 1.4577 1.4586 1.4595 1.4605 1.4614 1.4623 1.4631 1.4640 1.4649 1.4658 1.4667 1.4675 1.4684 1.4692 1.4701 1.4709 1.4718 1.4726 1.4734 1.4743 1.4751 1.4759 1.4767 1.4775 1.4783 1.4791
0.75510 0.75474 0.75438 0.75402 0.75366 0.75331 0.75296 0.75261 0.75226 0.75196 0.59733 0.59671 0.59254 0.58856 0.58474 0.58109 0.57759 0.57423 0.57100 0.56790 0.56491 0.56203 0.55926 0.55658 0.55400 0.55150 0.54908 0.54674 0.54448 0.54228 0.54015 0.53808 0.53606 0.53411 0.53221 0.53035 0.52855 0.52679 0.52508 0.52340 0.52177 0.52018 0.51862 0.51709 0.51560 0.51414 0.51271 0.51132 0.50995 0.50860
1.1601 1.1616 1.1631 1.1647 1.1662 1.1678 1.1694 1.1710 1.1726 1.1740 0.98431 0.98299 0.97409 0.96557 0.95740 0.94955 0.94200 0.93474 0.92775 0.92101 0.91450 0.90822 0.90215 0.89628 0.89060 0.88509 0.87975 0.87457 0.86954 0.86465 0.85990 0.85528 0.85078 0.84639 0.84212 0.83796 0.83389 0.82993 0.82606 0.82227 0.81857 0.81496 0.81142 0.80796 0.80457 0.80125 0.79800 0.79481 0.79168 0.78862
3,788.3 3,780.1 3,771.9 3,763.6 3,755.3 3,746.9 3,738.6 3,730.1 3,721.7 3,714.4 1,643.0 1,643.4 1,646.0 1,648.6 1,651.1 1,653.6 1,656.0 1,658.5 1,660.8 1,663.2 1,665.5 1,667.8 1,670.1 1,672.3 1,674.5 1,676.7 1,678.8 1,681.0 1,683.1 1,685.2 1,687.3 1,689.3 1,691.4 1,693.4 1,695.4 1,697.4 1,699.4 1,701.3 1,703.3 1,705.2 1,707.1 1,709.0 1,710.9 1,712.7 1,714.6 1,716.4 1,718.3 1,720.1 1,721.9 1,723.7
7.71
7.14
JouleThomson (F/psia)
Viscosity (cP)
3.08E-05 4.98E-05 6.90E-05 8.83E-05 0.000108 0.000128 0.000148 0.000168 0.000188 0.000206 0.19326 0.19318 0.19265 0.19211 0.19157 0.19102 0.19048 0.18993 0.18938 0.18882 0.18827 0.18771 0.18715 0.18660 0.18604 0.18548 0.18492 0.18436 0.18380 0.18324 0.18269 0.18213 0.18157 0.18102 0.18046 0.17991 0.17936 0.17881 0.17826 0.17771 0.17716 0.17662 0.17607 0.17553 0.17499 0.17445 0.17391 0.17337 0.17284 0.17230
0.10672 0.10645 0.10619 0.10592 0.10566 0.10540 0.10514 0.10487 0.10461 0.10439 0.01764 0.01764 0.01767 0.01770 0.01773 0.01775 0.01778 0.01781 0.01784 0.01786 0.01789 0.01792 0.01795 0.01797 0.01800 0.01803 0.01806 0.01808 0.01811 0.01814 0.01816 0.01819 0.01822 0.01825 0.01827 0.01830 0.01833 0.01835 0.01838 0.01841 0.01843 0.01846 0.01849 0.01852 0.01854 0.01857 0.01860 0.01862 0.01865 0.01868
528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581
614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7
1.223 1.221 1.219 1.216 1.214 1.212 1.210 1.207 1.205 1.203 1.201 1.198 1.196 1.194 1.192 1.190 1.188 1.186 1.184 1.181 1.179 1.177 1.175 1.173 1.171 1.169 1.167 1.165 1.163 1.161 1.159 1.158 1.156 1.154 1.152 1.150 1.148 1.146 1.144 1.142 1.141 1.139 1.137 1.135 1.133 1.132 1.130 1.128 1.126 1.124 1.123 1.121 1.119 1.118
0.8175 0.8191 0.8206 0.8222 0.8237 0.8253 0.8268 0.8284 0.8299 0.8314 0.8329 0.8344 0.8360 0.8375 0.8390 0.8405 0.8420 0.8435 0.8449 0.8464 0.8479 0.8494 0.8509 0.8523 0.8538 0.8553 0.8567 0.8582 0.8596 0.8611 0.8625 0.8639 0.8654 0.8668 0.8682 0.8697 0.8711 0.8725 0.8739 0.8754 0.8768 0.8782 0.8796 0.8810 0.8824 0.8838 0.8852 0.8866 0.8880 0.8893 0.8907 0.8921 0.8935 0.8949
1,145.3 1,145.9 1,146.5 1,147.1 1,147.7 1,148.3 1,148.9 1,149.5 1,150.1 1,150.6 1,151.2 1,151.8 1,152.4 1,153.0 1,153.6 1,154.1 1,154.7 1,155.3 1,155.9 1,156.4 1,157.0 1,157.6 1,158.1 1,158.7 1,159.2 1,159.8 1,160.4 1,160.9 1,161.5 1,162.0 1,162.6 1,163.1 1,163.7 1,164.2 1,164.8 1,165.3 1,165.9 1,166.4 1,166.9 1,167.5 1,168.0 1,168.6 1,169.1 1,169.6 1,170.2 1,170.7 1,171.2 1,171.8 1,172.3 1,172.8 1,173.3 1,173.9 1,174.4 1,174.9
1,238.3 1,239.1 1,239.9 1,240.7 1,241.4 1,242.2 1,243.0 1,243.8 1,244.5 1,245.3 1,246.0 1,246.8 1,247.6 1,248.3 1,249.1 1,249.8 1,250.5 1,251.3 1,252.0 1,252.8 1,253.5 1,254.2 1,255.0 1,255.7 1,256.4 1,257.2 1,257.9 1,258.6 1,259.3 1,260.0 1,260.8 1,261.5 1,262.2 1,262.9 1,263.6 1,264.3 1,265.0 1,265.7 1,266.4 1,267.1 1,267.8 1,268.5 1,269.2 1,269.9 1,270.6 1,271.3 1,272.0 1,272.7 1,273.4 1,274.0 1,274.7 1,275.4 1,276.1 1,276.8
1.4799 1.4807 1.4815 1.4823 1.4831 1.4839 1.4846 1.4854 1.4862 1.4869 1.4877 1.4885 1.4892 1.4900 1.4907 1.4915 1.4922 1.4929 1.4937 1.4944 1.4951 1.4959 1.4966 1.4973 1.4980 1.4988 1.4995 1.5002 1.5009 1.5016 1.5023 1.5030 1.5037 1.5044 1.5051 1.5058 1.5065 1.5072 1.5079 1.5085 1.5092 1.5099 1.5106 1.5112 1.5119 1.5126 1.5133 1.5139 1.5146 1.5152 1.5159 1.5166 1.5172 1.5179
0.50729 0.50599 0.50473 0.50349 0.50226 0.50107 0.49989 0.49873 0.49760 0.49648 0.49538 0.49430 0.49324 0.49219 0.49117 0.49015 0.48916 0.48818 0.48721 0.48626 0.48532 0.48440 0.48349 0.48259 0.48171 0.48084 0.47998 0.47913 0.47830 0.47748 0.47667 0.47587 0.47508 0.47430 0.47353 0.47277 0.47202 0.47129 0.47056 0.46984 0.46913 0.46843 0.46774 0.46706 0.46638 0.46572 0.46506 0.46442 0.46378 0.46314 0.46252 0.46190 0.46130 0.46070
0.78561 0.78266 0.77977 0.77692 0.77413 0.77139 0.76870 0.76605 0.76344 0.76089 0.75837 0.75589 0.75346 0.75106 0.74870 0.74638 0.74410 0.74185 0.73963 0.73745 0.73530 0.73319 0.73110 0.72905 0.72702 0.72502 0.72306 0.72112 0.71920 0.71732 0.71546 0.71362 0.71181 0.71003 0.70826 0.70653 0.70481 0.70312 0.70145 0.69980 0.69818 0.69657 0.69499 0.69342 0.69188 0.69035 0.68884 0.68736 0.68589 0.68444 0.68301 0.68159 0.68019 0.67881
1,725.5 1,727.3 1,729.1 1,730.8 1,732.6 1,734.3 1,736.0 1,737.8 1,739.5 1,741.2 1,742.9 1,744.6 1,746.2 1,747.9 1,749.6 1,751.2 1,752.9 1,754.5 1,756.2 1,757.8 1,759.4 1,761.0 1,762.6 1,764.2 1,765.8 1,767.4 1,769.0 1,770.6 1,772.1 1,773.7 1,775.3 1,776.8 1,778.3 1,779.9 1,781.4 1,782.9 1,784.5 1,786.0 1,787.5 1,789.0 1,790.5 1,792.0 1,793.5 1,795.0 1,796.4 1,797.9 1,799.4 1,800.8 1,802.3 1,803.7 1,805.2 1,806.6 1,808.1 1,809.5
0.17177 0.17124 0.17071 0.17018 0.16966 0.16914 0.16861 0.16809 0.16758 0.16706 0.16655 0.16603 0.16552 0.16501 0.16451 0.16400 0.16350 0.16300 0.16250 0.16200 0.16150 0.16101 0.16052 0.16002 0.15954 0.15905 0.15856 0.15808 0.15760 0.15712 0.15664 0.15616 0.15569 0.15522 0.15475 0.15428 0.15381 0.15334 0.15288 0.15242 0.15196 0.15150 0.15104 0.15059 0.15013 0.14968 0.14923 0.14879 0.14834 0.14789 0.14745 0.14701 0.14657 0.14613
0.01870 0.01873 0.01876 0.01878 0.01881 0.01884 0.01886 0.01889 0.01892 0.01894 0.01897 0.01900 0.01902 0.01905 0.01907 0.01910 0.01913 0.01915 0.01918 0.01921 0.01923 0.01926 0.01929 0.01931 0.01934 0.01936 0.01939 0.01942 0.01944 0.01947 0.01950 0.01952 0.01955 0.01957 0.01960 0.01963 0.01965 0.01968 0.01970 0.01973 0.01976 0.01978 0.01981 0.01983 0.01986 0.01989 0.01991 0.01994 0.01996 0.01999 0.02002 0.02004 0.02007 0.02009
582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635
614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7
1.116 1.114 1.112 1.111 1.109 1.107 1.106 1.104 1.102 1.101 1.099 1.098 1.096 1.094 1.093 1.091 1.090 1.088 1.086 1.085 1.083 1.082 1.080 1.079 1.077 1.076 1.074 1.073 1.071 1.070 1.068 1.067 1.065 1.064 1.062 1.061 1.059 1.058 1.056 1.055 1.053 1.052 1.051 1.049 1.048 1.046 1.045 1.044 1.042 1.041 1.039 1.038 1.037 1.035
0.8962 0.8976 0.8990 0.9003 0.9017 0.9031 0.9044 0.9058 0.9071 0.9085 0.9098 0.9112 0.9125 0.9139 0.9152 0.9165 0.9179 0.9192 0.9205 0.9219 0.9232 0.9245 0.9259 0.9272 0.9285 0.9298 0.9311 0.9324 0.9337 0.9351 0.9364 0.9377 0.9390 0.9403 0.9416 0.9429 0.9442 0.9455 0.9468 0.9480 0.9493 0.9506 0.9519 0.9532 0.9545 0.9557 0.9570 0.9583 0.9596 0.9609 0.9621 0.9634 0.9647 0.9659
1,175.4 1,176.0 1,176.5 1,177.0 1,177.5 1,178.0 1,178.5 1,179.1 1,179.6 1,180.1 1,180.6 1,181.1 1,181.6 1,182.1 1,182.6 1,183.1 1,183.6 1,184.2 1,184.7 1,185.2 1,185.7 1,186.2 1,186.7 1,187.2 1,187.7 1,188.2 1,188.7 1,189.2 1,189.7 1,190.2 1,190.6 1,191.1 1,191.6 1,192.1 1,192.6 1,193.1 1,193.6 1,194.1 1,194.6 1,195.1 1,195.6 1,196.0 1,196.5 1,197.0 1,197.5 1,198.0 1,198.5 1,199.0 1,199.4 1,199.9 1,200.4 1,200.9 1,201.4 1,201.8
1,277.5 1,278.1 1,278.8 1,279.5 1,280.2 1,280.8 1,281.5 1,282.2 1,282.8 1,283.5 1,284.2 1,284.8 1,285.5 1,286.1 1,286.8 1,287.5 1,288.1 1,288.8 1,289.4 1,290.1 1,290.7 1,291.4 1,292.1 1,292.7 1,293.4 1,294.0 1,294.7 1,295.3 1,295.9 1,296.6 1,297.2 1,297.9 1,298.5 1,299.2 1,299.8 1,300.4 1,301.1 1,301.7 1,302.3 1,303.0 1,303.6 1,304.2 1,304.9 1,305.5 1,306.1 1,306.8 1,307.4 1,308.0 1,308.7 1,309.3 1,309.9 1,310.5 1,311.2 1,311.8
1.5185 1.5192 1.5198 1.5205 1.5211 1.5217 1.5224 1.5230 1.5237 1.5243 1.5249 1.5256 1.5262 1.5268 1.5274 1.5281 1.5287 1.5293 1.5299 1.5305 1.5312 1.5318 1.5324 1.5330 1.5336 1.5342 1.5348 1.5354 1.5360 1.5366 1.5372 1.5378 1.5384 1.5390 1.5396 1.5402 1.5408 1.5414 1.5420 1.5426 1.5432 1.5438 1.5443 1.5449 1.5455 1.5461 1.5467 1.5472 1.5478 1.5484 1.5490 1.5495 1.5501 1.5507
0.46010 0.45952 0.45894 0.45837 0.45780 0.45724 0.45669 0.45615 0.45561 0.45508 0.45455 0.45403 0.45352 0.45301 0.45251 0.45202 0.45153 0.45105 0.45057 0.45010 0.44963 0.44917 0.44872 0.44827 0.44783 0.44739 0.44695 0.44652 0.44610 0.44568 0.44527 0.44486 0.44445 0.44405 0.44366 0.44327 0.44288 0.44250 0.44212 0.44175 0.44138 0.44102 0.44066 0.44030 0.43995 0.43960 0.43926 0.43892 0.43858 0.43825 0.43792 0.43760 0.43728 0.43696
0.67745 0.67610 0.67477 0.67345 0.67215 0.67087 0.66960 0.66834 0.66710 0.66588 0.66467 0.66347 0.66229 0.66112 0.65996 0.65882 0.65769 0.65657 0.65547 0.65438 0.65330 0.65223 0.65117 0.65013 0.64910 0.64808 0.64707 0.64607 0.64508 0.64410 0.64314 0.64218 0.64124 0.64030 0.63937 0.63846 0.63755 0.63666 0.63577 0.63489 0.63403 0.63317 0.63232 0.63148 0.63065 0.62982 0.62901 0.62820 0.62741 0.62662 0.62584 0.62506 0.62430 0.62354
1,810.9 1,812.4 1,813.8 1,815.2 1,816.6 1,818.0 1,819.4 1,820.8 1,822.2 1,823.6 1,825.0 1,826.4 1,827.8 1,829.1 1,830.5 1,831.9 1,833.3 1,834.6 1,836.0 1,837.3 1,838.7 1,840.0 1,841.4 1,842.7 1,844.0 1,845.4 1,846.7 1,848.0 1,849.3 1,850.6 1,852.0 1,853.3 1,854.6 1,855.9 1,857.2 1,858.5 1,859.8 1,861.1 1,862.4 1,863.6 1,864.9 1,866.2 1,867.5 1,868.7 1,870.0 1,871.3 1,872.5 1,873.8 1,875.1 1,876.3 1,877.6 1,878.8 1,880.1 1,881.3
0.14570 0.14526 0.14483 0.14440 0.14397 0.14354 0.14312 0.14269 0.14227 0.14185 0.14143 0.14101 0.14060 0.14018 0.13977 0.13936 0.13895 0.13854 0.13814 0.13773 0.13733 0.13693 0.13653 0.13613 0.13573 0.13534 0.13495 0.13455 0.13416 0.13378 0.13339 0.13300 0.13262 0.13224 0.13185 0.13147 0.13110 0.13072 0.13034 0.12997 0.12960 0.12923 0.12886 0.12849 0.12812 0.12776 0.12740 0.12703 0.12667 0.12631 0.12596 0.12560 0.12525 0.12489
0.02012 0.02015 0.02017 0.02020 0.02022 0.02025 0.02027 0.02030 0.02033 0.02035 0.02038 0.02040 0.02043 0.02045 0.02048 0.02051 0.02053 0.02056 0.02058 0.02061 0.02063 0.02066 0.02069 0.02071 0.02074 0.02076 0.02079 0.02081 0.02084 0.02086 0.02089 0.02092 0.02094 0.02097 0.02099 0.02102 0.02104 0.02107 0.02109 0.02112 0.02114 0.02117 0.02119 0.02122 0.02125 0.02127 0.02130 0.02132 0.02135 0.02137 0.02140 0.02142 0.02145 0.02147
636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680
614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7 614.7
1.034 1.033 1.031 1.030 1.029 1.027 1.026 1.025 1.023 1.022 1.021 1.019 1.018 1.017 1.016 1.014 1.013 1.012 1.010 1.009 1.008 1.007 1.005 1.004 1.003 1.002 1.000 0.999 0.998 0.997 0.996 0.994 0.993 0.992 0.991 0.990 0.988 0.987 0.986 0.985 0.984 0.982 0.981 0.980 0.979
0.9672 0.9685 0.9697 0.9710 0.9722 0.9735 0.9748 0.9760 0.9773 0.9785 0.9798 0.9810 0.9823 0.9835 0.9848 0.9860 0.9872 0.9885 0.9897 0.9910 0.9922 0.9934 0.9947 0.9959 0.9971 0.9984 0.9996 1.0008 1.0021 1.0033 1.0045 1.0057 1.0070 1.0082 1.0094 1.0106 1.0118 1.0130 1.0143 1.0155 1.0167 1.0179 1.0191 1.0203 1.0215
1,202.3 1,202.8 1,203.3 1,203.8 1,204.2 1,204.7 1,205.2 1,205.7 1,206.1 1,206.6 1,207.1 1,207.6 1,208.0 1,208.5 1,209.0 1,209.4 1,209.9 1,210.4 1,210.9 1,211.3 1,211.8 1,212.3 1,212.7 1,213.2 1,213.7 1,214.1 1,214.6 1,215.1 1,215.5 1,216.0 1,216.5 1,216.9 1,217.4 1,217.8 1,218.3 1,218.8 1,219.2 1,219.7 1,220.2 1,220.6 1,221.1 1,221.5 1,222.0 1,222.5 1,222.9
1,312.4 1,313.0 1,313.7 1,314.3 1,314.9 1,315.5 1,316.1 1,316.8 1,317.4 1,318.0 1,318.6 1,319.2 1,319.8 1,320.4 1,321.1 1,321.7 1,322.3 1,322.9 1,323.5 1,324.1 1,324.7 1,325.3 1,325.9 1,326.6 1,327.2 1,327.8 1,328.4 1,329.0 1,329.6 1,330.2 1,330.8 1,331.4 1,332.0 1,332.6 1,333.2 1,333.8 1,334.4 1,335.0 1,335.6 1,336.2 1,336.8 1,337.4 1,338.0 1,338.6 1,339.2
1.5513 1.5518 1.5524 1.5530 1.5535 1.5541 1.5546 1.5552 1.5558 1.5563 1.5569 1.5574 1.5580 1.5585 1.5591 1.5596 1.5602 1.5607 1.5613 1.5618 1.5624 1.5629 1.5635 1.5640 1.5646 1.5651 1.5656 1.5662 1.5667 1.5673 1.5678 1.5683 1.5689 1.5694 1.5699 1.5705 1.5710 1.5715 1.5721 1.5726 1.5731 1.5736 1.5742 1.5747 1.5752
0.43665 0.43634 0.43603 0.43573 0.43543 0.43514 0.43484 0.43455 0.43427 0.43399 0.43371 0.43343 0.43316 0.43289 0.43262 0.43236 0.43210 0.43184 0.43159 0.43133 0.43108 0.43084 0.43060 0.43036 0.43012 0.42988 0.42965 0.42942 0.42920 0.42897 0.42875 0.42853 0.42831 0.42810 0.42789 0.42768 0.42747 0.42727 0.42707 0.42687 0.42667 0.42648 0.42629 0.42610 0.42591
0.62279 0.62205 0.62131 0.62059 0.61987 0.61916 0.61845 0.61775 0.61706 0.61638 0.61570 0.61503 0.61437 0.61371 0.61306 0.61242 0.61178 0.61115 0.61052 0.60990 0.60929 0.60868 0.60808 0.60749 0.60690 0.60631 0.60573 0.60516 0.60460 0.60403 0.60348 0.60293 0.60238 0.60184 0.60131 0.60078 0.60025 0.59973 0.59922 0.59871 0.59820 0.59770 0.59721 0.59672 0.59623
Auxiliary Data ( All data downloaded from NIST website: http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/fluid/ )
Reference States Internal energy Entropy
U= S=
0.0 0.0
at 273.16 K for saturated liquid. at 273.16 K for saturated liquid.
1,882.5 1,883.8 1,885.0 1,886.2 1,887.5 1,888.7 1,889.9 1,891.1 1,892.4 1,893.6 1,894.8 1,896.0 1,897.2 1,898.4 1,899.6 1,900.8 1,902.0 1,903.2 1,904.4 1,905.6 1,906.8 1,908.0 1,909.2 1,910.3 1,911.5 1,912.7 1,913.9 1,915.0 1,916.2 1,917.4 1,918.6 1,919.7 1,920.9 1,922.0 1,923.2 1,924.3 1,925.5 1,926.7 1,927.8 1,928.9 1,930.1 1,931.2 1,932.4 1,933.5 1,934.6
0.12454 0.12419 0.12384 0.12349 0.12314 0.12280 0.12246 0.12211 0.12177 0.12143 0.12109 0.12076 0.12042 0.12009 0.11975 0.11942 0.11909 0.11876 0.11843 0.11811 0.11778 0.11746 0.11713 0.11681 0.11649 0.11617 0.11585 0.11554 0.11522 0.11491 0.11459 0.11428 0.11397 0.11366 0.11335 0.11305 0.11274 0.11244 0.11213 0.11183 0.11153 0.11123 0.11093 0.11063 0.11034
0.02150 0.02152 0.02155 0.02157 0.02160 0.02162 0.02165 0.02167 0.02170 0.02173 0.02175 0.02178 0.02180 0.02183 0.02185 0.02188 0.02190 0.02193 0.02195 0.02198 0.02200 0.02203 0.02205 0.02208 0.02210 0.02213 0.02215 0.02218 0.02220 0.02223 0.02225 0.02228 0.02230 0.02233 0.02235 0.02238 0.02240 0.02243 0.02245 0.02248 0.02250 0.02253 0.02255 0.02258 0.02260
Additional fluid data Critical temperature (Tc)
705.10 oF
Critical pressure (Pc)
3200.1 psia
Critical density (Dc)
20.102 lbm/ft3 0.3443
Acentric factor Normal boiling point Dipole moment
211.95 oF 1.855 Debye
7.00
4.57
Therm. Cond. (W/m*K)
Phase
0.62287 0.62220 0.62153 0.62085 0.62017 0.61949 0.61880 0.61810 0.61740 0.61680 0.05229 0.05228 0.05224 0.05219 0.05215 0.05211 0.05208 0.05204 0.05201 0.05197 0.05194 0.05191 0.05188 0.05185 0.05182 0.05179 0.05177 0.05174 0.05172 0.05170 0.05168 0.05166 0.05164 0.05162 0.05160 0.05158 0.05157 0.05155 0.05154 0.05152 0.05151 0.05150 0.05149 0.05148 0.05147 0.05146 0.05145 0.05145 0.05144 0.05143
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
4.57
0.05143 0.05143 0.05142 0.05142 0.05142 0.05142 0.05141 0.05141 0.05142 0.05142 0.05142 0.05142 0.05142 0.05143 0.05143 0.05143 0.05144 0.05145 0.05145 0.05146 0.05147 0.05147 0.05148 0.05149 0.05150 0.05151 0.05152 0.05153 0.05154 0.05156 0.05157 0.05158 0.05159 0.05161 0.05162 0.05164 0.05165 0.05167 0.05168 0.05170 0.05172 0.05173 0.05175 0.05177 0.05179 0.05181 0.05183 0.05185 0.05187 0.05189 0.05191 0.05193 0.05195 0.05197
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
0.05199 0.05202 0.05204 0.05206 0.05209 0.05211 0.05214 0.05216 0.05218 0.05221 0.05224 0.05226 0.05229 0.05232 0.05234 0.05237 0.05240 0.05243 0.05245 0.05248 0.05251 0.05254 0.05257 0.05260 0.05263 0.05266 0.05269 0.05272 0.05275 0.05278 0.05282 0.05285 0.05288 0.05291 0.05294 0.05298 0.05301 0.05304 0.05308 0.05311 0.05315 0.05318 0.05322 0.05325 0.05329 0.05332 0.05336 0.05339 0.05343 0.05347 0.05350 0.05354 0.05358 0.05361
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
0.05365 0.05369 0.05373 0.05376 0.05380 0.05384 0.05388 0.05392 0.05396 0.05400 0.05404 0.05408 0.05412 0.05416 0.05420 0.05424 0.05428 0.05432 0.05436 0.05440 0.05444 0.05449 0.05453 0.05457 0.05461 0.05465 0.05470 0.05474 0.05478 0.05483 0.05487 0.05491 0.05496 0.05500 0.05504 0.05509 0.05513 0.05518 0.05522 0.05527 0.05531 0.05536 0.05540 0.05545 0.05549
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
Super Heated Steam Data Isobaric Data for P = 614.70 psia Temperatur Pressure e oF (psia)
Density (lbm/ft3)
Volume (ft3/lbm)
Internal Energy (Btu/lbm)
Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound (Btu/lbm) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) Spd. (ft/s)
JouleThomson (F/psia)
681
614.7 0.9778
1.0227 1,223.4 1,339.8
1.5757 0.42572 0.59575 1,935.8
0.11004
682
614.7 0.9766
1.0239 1,223.8 1,340.4
1.5763 0.42554 0.59527 1,936.9
0.10975
683
614.7 0.9755
1.0251 1,224.3 1,341.0
1.5768 0.42536 0.59480 1,938.0
0.10946
684
614.7 0.9743
1.0264 1,224.7 1,341.6
1.5773 0.42518 0.59433 1,939.2
0.10916
685
614.7 0.9732
1.0276 1,225.2 1,342.2
1.5778 0.42500 0.59387 1,940.3
0.10887
686
614.7 0.9721
1.0288 1,225.7 1,342.8
1.5783 0.42483 0.59341 1,941.4
0.10858
687
614.7 0.9709
1.0300 1,226.1 1,343.3
1.5789 0.42465 0.59295 1,942.5
0.10829
688
614.7 0.9698
1.0312 1,226.6 1,343.9
1.5794 0.42448 0.59250 1,943.7
0.10801
689
614.7 0.9687
1.0324 1,227.0 1,344.5
1.5799 0.42431 0.59206 1,944.8
0.10772
690
614.7 0.9675
1.0336 1,227.5 1,345.1
1.5804 0.42415 0.59161 1,945.9
0.10743
691
614.7 0.9664
1.0348 1,227.9 1,345.7
1.5809 0.42398 0.59118 1,947.0
0.10715
692
614.7 0.9653
1.0359 1,228.4 1,346.3
1.5814 0.42382 0.59074 1,948.1
0.10687
693
614.7 0.9642
1.0371 1,228.8 1,346.9
1.5819 0.42366 0.59031 1,949.2
0.10659
694
614.7 0.9631
1.0383 1,229.3 1,347.5
1.5825 0.42350 0.58989 1,950.3
0.10630
695
614.7 0.9620
1.0395 1,229.8 1,348.1
1.5830 0.42334 0.58946 1,951.5
0.10602
696
614.7 0.9609
1.0407 1,230.2 1,348.7
1.5835 0.42319 0.58904 1,952.6
0.10575
697
614.7 0.9598
1.0419 1,230.7 1,349.3
1.5840 0.42303 0.58863 1,953.7
0.10547
698
614.7 0.9587
1.0431 1,231.1 1,349.8
1.5845 0.42288 0.58822 1,954.8
0.10519
699
614.7 0.9576
1.0443 1,231.6 1,350.4
1.5850 0.42273 0.58781 1,955.9
0.10492
700
614.7 0.9565
1.0455 1,232.0 1,351.0
1.5855 0.42259 0.58741 1,957.0
0.10464
701
614.7 0.9554
1.0467 1,232.5 1,351.6
1.5860 0.42244 0.58701 1,958.1
0.10437
702
614.7 0.9543
1.0479 1,232.9 1,352.2
1.5865 0.42230 0.58661 1,959.2
0.10409
703
614.7 0.9533
1.0490 1,233.4 1,352.8
1.5870 0.42215 0.58622 1,960.2
0.10382
704
614.7 0.9522
1.0502 1,233.8 1,353.4
1.5875 0.42201 0.58583 1,961.3
0.10355
705
614.7 0.9511
1.0514 1,234.3 1,354.0
1.5880 0.42187 0.58545 1,962.4
0.10328
706
614.7 0.9500
1.0526 1,234.7 1,354.5
1.5885 0.42174 0.58507 1,963.5
0.10301
707
614.7 0.9490
1.0538 1,235.2 1,355.1
1.5890 0.42160 0.58469 1,964.6
0.10275
708
614.7 0.9479
1.0550 1,235.6 1,355.7
1.5895 0.42147 0.58432 1,965.7
0.10248
709
614.7 0.9469
1.0561 1,236.1 1,356.3
1.5900 0.42134 0.58394 1,966.8
0.10222
710
614.7 0.9458
1.0573 1,236.5 1,356.9
1.5905 0.42121 0.58358 1,967.8
0.10195
711
614.7 0.9447
1.0585 1,237.0 1,357.5
1.5910 0.42108 0.58321 1,968.9
0.10169
712
614.7 0.9437
1.0597 1,237.4 1,358.0
1.5915 0.42095 0.58285 1,970.0
0.10142
713
614.7 0.9426
1.0608 1,237.9 1,358.6
1.5920 0.42083 0.58249 1,971.1
0.10116
714
614.7 0.9416
1.0620 1,238.3 1,359.2
1.5925 0.42070 0.58214 1,972.2
0.10090
715
614.7 0.9406
1.0632 1,238.8 1,359.8
1.5930 0.42058 0.58179 1,973.2
0.10064
716
614.7 0.9395
1.0644 1,239.2 1,360.4
1.5935 0.42046 0.58144 1,974.3
0.10038
717
614.7 0.9385
1.0655 1,239.7 1,361.0
1.5940 0.42034 0.58109 1,975.4
0.10013
718
614.7 0.9375
1.0667 1,240.1 1,361.5
1.5945 0.42022 0.58075 1,976.4
0.09987
719
614.7 0.9364
1.0679 1,240.6 1,362.1
1.5950 0.42011 0.58041 1,977.5
0.09961
720
614.7 0.9354
1.0691 1,241.0 1,362.7
1.5955 0.41999 0.58008 1,978.6
0.09936
721
614.7 0.9344
1.0702 1,241.5 1,363.3
1.5960 0.41988 0.57975 1,979.6
0.09911
722
614.7 0.9334
1.0714 1,241.9 1,363.9
1.5965 0.41977 0.57942 1,980.7
0.09885
723
614.7 0.9324
1.0726 1,242.3 1,364.4
1.5970 0.41966 0.57909 1,981.8
0.09860
724
614.7 0.9313
1.0737 1,242.8 1,365.0
1.5975 0.41955 0.57877 1,982.8
0.09835
725
614.7 0.9303
1.0749 1,243.2 1,365.6
1.5979 0.41944 0.57845 1,983.9
0.09810
726
614.7 0.9293
1.0761 1,243.7 1,366.2
1.5984 0.41933 0.57813 1,984.9
0.09785
727
614.7 0.9283
1.0772 1,244.1 1,366.7
1.5989 0.41923 0.57781 1,986.0
0.09760
728
614.7 0.9273
1.0784 1,244.6 1,367.3
1.5994 0.41913 0.57750 1,987.0
0.09736
729
614.7 0.9263
1.0796 1,245.0 1,367.9
1.5999 0.41903 0.57719 1,988.1
0.09711
730
614.7 0.9253
1.0807 1,245.5 1,368.5
1.6004 0.41892 0.57689 1,989.1
0.09686
731
614.7 0.9243
1.0819 1,245.9 1,369.1
1.6009 0.41883 0.57658 1,990.2
0.09662
732
614.7 0.9233
1.0830 1,246.4 1,369.6
1.6013 0.41873 0.57628 1,991.2
0.09637
733
614.7 0.9223
1.0842 1,246.8 1,370.2
1.6018 0.41863 0.57598 1,992.3
0.09613
734
614.7 0.9214
1.0854 1,247.2 1,370.8
1.6023 0.41854 0.57569 1,993.3
0.09589
735
614.7 0.9204
1.0865 1,247.7 1,371.4
1.6028 0.41844 0.57539 1,994.3
0.09565
736
614.7 0.9194
1.0877 1,248.1 1,371.9
1.6033 0.41835 0.57510 1,995.4
0.09541
737
614.7 0.9184
1.0888 1,248.6 1,372.5
1.6038 0.41826 0.57482 1,996.4
0.09517
738
614.7 0.9174
1.0900 1,249.0 1,373.1
1.6042 0.41817 0.57453 1,997.5
0.09493
739
614.7 0.9165
1.0911 1,249.5 1,373.7
1.6047 0.41808 0.57425 1,998.5
0.09469
740
614.7 0.9155
1.0923 1,249.9 1,374.2
1.6052 0.41799 0.57397 1,999.5
0.09446
741
614.7 0.9145
1.0935 1,250.3 1,374.8
1.6057 0.41791 0.57369 2,000.6
0.09422
742
614.7 0.9136
1.0946 1,250.8 1,375.4
1.6061 0.41782 0.57342 2,001.6
0.09399
743
614.7 0.9126
1.0958 1,251.2 1,376.0
1.6066 0.41774 0.57314 2,002.6
0.09375
744
614.7 0.9117
1.0969 1,251.7 1,376.5
1.6071 0.41766 0.57287 2,003.7
0.09352
745
614.7 0.9107
1.0981 1,252.1 1,377.1
1.6076 0.41758 0.57261 2,004.7
0.09329
746
614.7 0.9097
1.0992 1,252.6 1,377.7
1.6080 0.41750 0.57234 2,005.7
0.09305
747
614.7 0.9088
1.1004 1,253.0 1,378.2
1.6085 0.41742 0.57208 2,006.7
0.09282
748
614.7 0.9078
1.1015 1,253.4 1,378.8
1.6090 0.41734 0.57182 2,007.8
0.09259
749
614.7 0.9069
1.1027 1,253.9 1,379.4
1.6095 0.41726 0.57156 2,008.8
0.09236
750
614.7 0.9060
1.1038 1,254.3 1,380.0
1.6099 0.41719 0.57130 2,009.8
0.09214
751
614.7 0.9050
1.1050 1,254.8 1,380.5
1.6104 0.41711 0.57105 2,010.8
0.09191
752
614.7 0.9041
1.1061 1,255.2 1,381.1
1.6109 0.41704 0.57080 2,011.8
0.09168
753
614.7 0.9031
1.1072 1,255.6 1,381.7
1.6114 0.41697 0.57055 2,012.9
0.09146
754
614.7 0.9022
1.1084 1,256.1 1,382.2
1.6118 0.41690 0.57030 2,013.9
0.09123
755
614.7 0.9013
1.1095 1,256.5 1,382.8
1.6123 0.41683 0.57006 2,014.9
0.09101
756
614.7 0.9004
1.1107 1,257.0 1,383.4
1.6128 0.41676 0.56982 2,015.9
0.09078
757
614.7 0.8994
1.1118 1,257.4 1,384.0
1.6132 0.41669 0.56958 2,016.9
0.09056
758
614.7 0.8985
1.1130 1,257.8 1,384.5
1.6137 0.41662 0.56934 2,017.9
0.09034
759
614.7 0.8976
1.1141 1,258.3 1,385.1
1.6142 0.41656 0.56910 2,018.9
0.09012
760
614.7 0.8967
1.1153 1,258.7 1,385.7
1.6146 0.41649 0.56887 2,019.9
0.08990
761
614.7 0.8957
1.1164 1,259.2 1,386.2
1.6151 0.41643 0.56864 2,020.9
0.08968
762
614.7 0.8948
1.1175 1,259.6 1,386.8
1.6156 0.41637 0.56841 2,021.9
0.08946
763
614.7 0.8939
1.1187 1,260.0 1,387.4
1.6160 0.41631 0.56818 2,023.0
0.08924
764
614.7 0.8930
1.1198 1,260.5 1,387.9
1.6165 0.41625 0.56795 2,024.0
0.08902
765
614.7 0.8921
1.1209 1,260.9 1,388.5
1.6170 0.41619 0.56773 2,025.0
0.08881
766
614.7 0.8912
1.1221 1,261.3 1,389.1
1.6174 0.41613 0.56751 2,026.0
0.08859
767
614.7 0.8903
1.1232 1,261.8 1,389.6
1.6179 0.41607 0.56729 2,027.0
0.08838
768
614.7 0.8894
1.1244 1,262.2 1,390.2
1.6183 0.41601 0.56707 2,027.9
0.08816
769
614.7 0.8885
1.1255 1,262.7 1,390.8
1.6188 0.41596 0.56686 2,028.9
0.08795
770
614.7 0.8876
1.1266 1,263.1 1,391.3
1.6193 0.41590 0.56664 2,029.9
0.08774
771
614.7 0.8867
1.1278 1,263.5 1,391.9
1.6197 0.41585 0.56643 2,030.9
0.08752
772
614.7 0.8858
1.1289 1,264.0 1,392.5
1.6202 0.41580 0.56622 2,031.9
0.08731
773
614.7 0.8849
1.1300 1,264.4 1,393.0
1.6207 0.41575 0.56601 2,032.9
0.08710
774
614.7 0.8841
1.1312 1,264.8 1,393.6
1.6211 0.41570 0.56581 2,033.9
0.08689
775
614.7 0.8832
1.1323 1,265.3 1,394.2
1.6216 0.41565 0.56560 2,034.9
0.08668
776
614.7 0.8823
1.1334 1,265.7 1,394.7
1.6220 0.41560 0.56540 2,035.9
0.08648
777
614.7 0.8814
1.1346 1,266.2 1,395.3
1.6225 0.41555 0.56520 2,036.9
0.08627
778
614.7 0.8805
1.1357 1,266.6 1,395.9
1.6229 0.41550 0.56500 2,037.9
0.08606
779
614.7 0.8797
1.1368 1,267.0 1,396.4
1.6234 0.41546 0.56481 2,038.8
0.08586
780
614.7 0.8788
1.1379 1,267.5 1,397.0
1.6239 0.41541 0.56461 2,039.8
0.08565
781
614.7 0.8779
1.1391 1,267.9 1,397.6
1.6243 0.41537 0.56442 2,040.8
0.08545
782
614.7 0.8770
1.1402 1,268.3 1,398.1
1.6248 0.41532 0.56423 2,041.8
0.08524
783
614.7 0.8762
1.1413 1,268.8 1,398.7
1.6252 0.41528 0.56404 2,042.8
0.08504
784
614.7 0.8753
1.1425 1,269.2 1,399.3
1.6257 0.41524 0.56385 2,043.7
0.08484
785
614.7 0.8745
1.1436 1,269.6 1,399.8
1.6261 0.41520 0.56366 2,044.7
0.08463
786
614.7 0.8736
1.1447 1,270.1 1,400.4
1.6266 0.41516 0.56348 2,045.7
0.08443
787
614.7 0.8727
1.1458 1,270.5 1,400.9
1.6270 0.41512 0.56329 2,046.7
0.08423
788
614.7 0.8719
1.1470 1,271.0 1,401.5
1.6275 0.41508 0.56311 2,047.6
0.08403
789
614.7 0.8710
1.1481 1,271.4 1,402.1
1.6279 0.41504 0.56293 2,048.6
0.08383
790
614.7 0.8702
1.1492 1,271.8 1,402.6
1.6284 0.41500 0.56276 2,049.6
0.08364
791
614.7 0.8693
1.1503 1,272.3 1,403.2
1.6288 0.41497 0.56258 2,050.6
0.08344
792
614.7 0.8685
1.1514 1,272.7 1,403.8
1.6293 0.41493 0.56241 2,051.5
0.08324
793
614.7 0.8676
1.1526 1,273.1 1,404.3
1.6297 0.41490 0.56223 2,052.5
0.08304
794
614.7 0.8668
1.1537 1,273.6 1,404.9
1.6302 0.41486 0.56206 2,053.5
0.08285
795
614.7 0.8659
1.1548 1,274.0 1,405.4
1.6306 0.41483 0.56189 2,054.4
0.08265
796
614.7 0.8651
1.1559 1,274.4 1,406.0
1.6311 0.41480 0.56172 2,055.4
0.08246
797
614.7 0.8643
1.1570 1,274.9 1,406.6
1.6315 0.41477 0.56156 2,056.4
0.08227
798
614.7 0.8634
1.1582 1,275.3 1,407.1
1.6320 0.41474 0.56139 2,057.3
0.08207
799
614.7 0.8626
1.1593 1,275.7 1,407.7
1.6324 0.41471 0.56123 2,058.3
0.08188
800
614.7 0.8618
1.1604 1,276.2 1,408.2
1.6329 0.41468 0.56106 2,059.2
0.08169
801
614.7 0.8609
1.1615 1,276.6 1,408.8
1.6333 0.41465 0.56090 2,060.2
0.08150
802
614.7 0.8601
1.1626 1,277.0 1,409.4
1.6337 0.41462 0.56074 2,061.2
0.08131
803
614.7 0.8593
1.1638 1,277.5 1,409.9
1.6342 0.41459 0.56059 2,062.1
0.08112
804
614.7 0.8585
1.1649 1,277.9 1,410.5
1.6346 0.41457 0.56043 2,063.1
0.08093
805
614.7 0.8576
1.1660 1,278.3 1,411.1
1.6351 0.41454 0.56028 2,064.0
0.08074
806
614.7 0.8568
1.1671 1,278.8 1,411.6
1.6355 0.41452 0.56012 2,065.0
0.08055
807
614.7 0.8560
1.1682 1,279.2 1,412.2
1.6360 0.41449 0.55997 2,065.9
0.08036
808
614.7 0.8552
1.1693 1,279.6 1,412.7
1.6364 0.41447 0.55982 2,066.9
0.08018
809
614.7 0.8544
1.1704 1,280.1 1,413.3
1.6368 0.41445 0.55967 2,067.8
0.07999
810
614.7 0.8536
1.1716 1,280.5 1,413.9
1.6373 0.41443 0.55952 2,068.8
0.07981
811
614.7 0.8528
1.1727 1,280.9 1,414.4
1.6377 0.41441 0.55938 2,069.7
0.07962
812
614.7 0.8520
1.1738 1,281.4 1,415.0
1.6382 0.41438 0.55923 2,070.7
0.07944
813
614.7 0.8511
1.1749 1,281.8 1,415.5
1.6386 0.41436 0.55909 2,071.6
0.07925
814
614.7 0.8503
1.1760 1,282.2 1,416.1
1.6390 0.41435 0.55894 2,072.6
0.07907
815
614.7 0.8495
1.1771 1,282.7 1,416.6
1.6395 0.41433 0.55880 2,073.5
0.07889
816
614.7 0.8487
1.1782 1,283.1 1,417.2
1.6399 0.41431 0.55866 2,074.5
0.07871
817
614.7 0.8479
1.1793 1,283.5 1,417.8
1.6404 0.41429 0.55853 2,075.4
0.07853
818
614.7 0.8471
1.1804 1,284.0 1,418.3
1.6408 0.41428 0.55839 2,076.3
0.07835
819
614.7 0.8464
1.1815 1,284.4 1,418.9
1.6412 0.41426 0.55825 2,077.3
0.07817
820
614.7 0.8456
1.1827 1,284.8 1,419.4
1.6417 0.41424 0.55812 2,078.2
0.07799
821
614.7 0.8448
1.1838 1,285.3 1,420.0
1.6421 0.41423 0.55799 2,079.2
0.07781
822
614.7 0.8440
1.1849 1,285.7 1,420.6
1.6425 0.41422 0.55785 2,080.1
0.07763
823
614.7 0.8432
1.1860 1,286.1 1,421.1
1.6430 0.41420 0.55772 2,081.0
0.07745
824
614.7 0.8424
1.1871 1,286.5 1,421.7
1.6434 0.41419 0.55759 2,082.0
0.07728
825
614.7 0.8416
1.1882 1,287.0 1,422.2
1.6438 0.41418 0.55747 2,082.9
0.07710
826
614.7 0.8408
1.1893 1,287.4 1,422.8
1.6443 0.41417 0.55734 2,083.8
0.07692
827
614.7 0.8401
1.1904 1,287.8 1,423.3
1.6447 0.41415 0.55721 2,084.8
0.07675
828
614.7 0.8393
1.1915 1,288.3 1,423.9
1.6451 0.41414 0.55709 2,085.7
0.07657
829
614.7 0.8385
1.1926 1,288.7 1,424.5
1.6456 0.41413 0.55697 2,086.6
0.07640
830
614.7 0.8377
1.1937 1,289.1 1,425.0
1.6460 0.41413 0.55684 2,087.6
0.07623
831
614.7 0.8370
1.1948 1,289.6 1,425.6
1.6464 0.41412 0.55672 2,088.5
0.07605
832
614.7 0.8362
1.1959 1,290.0 1,426.1
1.6469 0.41411 0.55660 2,089.4
0.07588
833
614.7 0.8354
1.1970 1,290.4 1,426.7
1.6473 0.41410 0.55649 2,090.4
0.07571
834
614.7 0.8346
1.1981 1,290.9 1,427.2
1.6477 0.41409 0.55637 2,091.3
0.07554
835
614.7 0.8339
1.1992 1,291.3 1,427.8
1.6482 0.41409 0.55625 2,092.2
0.07537
836
614.7 0.8331
1.2003 1,291.7 1,428.4
1.6486 0.41408 0.55614 2,093.1
0.07520
837
614.7 0.8323
1.2014 1,292.2 1,428.9
1.6490 0.41408 0.55602 2,094.1
0.07503
838
614.7 0.8316
1.2025 1,292.6 1,429.5
1.6495 0.41407 0.55591 2,095.0
0.07486
839
614.7 0.8308
1.2036 1,293.0 1,430.0
1.6499 0.41407 0.55580 2,095.9
0.07469
840
614.7 0.8301
1.2047 1,293.4 1,430.6
1.6503 0.41407 0.55569 2,096.8
0.07452
841
614.7 0.8293
1.2058 1,293.9 1,431.1
1.6507 0.41406 0.55558 2,097.7
0.07435
842
614.7 0.8286
1.2069 1,294.3 1,431.7
1.6512 0.41406 0.55547 2,098.7
0.07419
843
614.7 0.8278
1.2080 1,294.7 1,432.2
1.6516 0.41406 0.55537 2,099.6
0.07402
844
614.7 0.8271
1.2091 1,295.2 1,432.8
1.6520 0.41406 0.55526 2,100.5
0.07386
845
614.7 0.8263
1.2102 1,295.6 1,433.4
1.6524 0.41406 0.55515 2,101.4
0.07369
846
614.7 0.8256
1.2113 1,296.0 1,433.9
1.6529 0.41406 0.55505 2,102.3
0.07353
847
614.7 0.8248
1.2124 1,296.5 1,434.5
1.6533 0.41406 0.55495 2,103.2
0.07336
848
614.7 0.8241
1.2135 1,296.9 1,435.0
1.6537 0.41406 0.55485 2,104.2
0.07320
849
614.7 0.8233
1.2146 1,297.3 1,435.6
1.6541 0.41406 0.55475 2,105.1
0.07304
850
614.7 0.8226
1.2157 1,297.8 1,436.1
1.6546 0.41406 0.55465 2,106.0
0.07287
851
614.7 0.8218
1.2168 1,298.2 1,436.7
1.6550 0.41406 0.55455 2,106.9
0.07271
852
614.7 0.8211
1.2179 1,298.6 1,437.2
1.6554 0.41407 0.55445 2,107.8
0.07255
853
614.7 0.8204
1.2190 1,299.0 1,437.8
1.6558 0.41407 0.55435 2,108.7
0.07239
854
614.7 0.8196
1.2201 1,299.5 1,438.3
1.6563 0.41407 0.55426 2,109.6
0.07223
855
614.7 0.8189
1.2212 1,299.9 1,438.9
1.6567 0.41408 0.55416 2,110.5
0.07207
856
614.7 0.8182
1.2223 1,300.3 1,439.5
1.6571 0.41408 0.55407 2,111.4
0.07191
857
614.7 0.8174
1.2233 1,300.8 1,440.0
1.6575 0.41409 0.55398 2,112.3
0.07175
858
614.7 0.8167
1.2244 1,301.2 1,440.6
1.6579 0.41409 0.55388 2,113.3
0.07159
859
614.7 0.8160
1.2255 1,301.6 1,441.1
1.6584 0.41410 0.55379 2,114.2
0.07143
860
614.7 0.8153
1.2266 1,302.0 1,441.7
1.6588 0.41411 0.55370 2,115.1
0.07128
861
614.7 0.8145
1.2277 1,302.5 1,442.2
1.6592 0.41411 0.55362 2,116.0
0.07112
862
614.7 0.8138
1.2288 1,302.9 1,442.8
1.6596 0.41412 0.55353 2,116.9
0.07096
863
614.7 0.8131
1.2299 1,303.3 1,443.3
1.6600 0.41413 0.55344 2,117.8
0.07081
864
614.7 0.8124
1.2310 1,303.8 1,443.9
1.6605 0.41414 0.55335 2,118.7
0.07065
865
614.7 0.8116
1.2321 1,304.2 1,444.4
1.6609 0.41415 0.55327 2,119.6
0.07049
866
614.7 0.8109
1.2332 1,304.6 1,445.0
1.6613 0.41416 0.55319 2,120.5
0.07034
867
614.7 0.8102
1.2343 1,305.1 1,445.5
1.6617 0.41417 0.55310 2,121.4
0.07019
868
614.7 0.8095
1.2353 1,305.5 1,446.1
1.6621 0.41418 0.55302 2,122.3
0.07003
869
614.7 0.8088
1.2364 1,305.9 1,446.7
1.6625 0.41419 0.55294 2,123.2
0.06988
870
614.7 0.8081
1.2375 1,306.3 1,447.2
1.6630 0.41420 0.55286 2,124.0
0.06973
871
614.7 0.8074
1.2386 1,306.8 1,447.8
1.6634 0.41421 0.55278 2,124.9
0.06957
872
614.7 0.8067
1.2397 1,307.2 1,448.3
1.6638 0.41423 0.55270 2,125.8
0.06942
873
614.7 0.8060
1.2408 1,307.6 1,448.9
1.6642 0.41424 0.55262 2,126.7
0.06927
874
614.7 0.8052
1.2419 1,308.1 1,449.4
1.6646 0.41425 0.55255 2,127.6
0.06912
875
614.7 0.8045
1.2429 1,308.5 1,450.0
1.6650 0.41426 0.55247 2,128.5
0.06897
876
614.7 0.8038
1.2440 1,308.9 1,450.5
1.6654 0.41428 0.55239 2,129.4
0.06882
877
614.7 0.8031
1.2451 1,309.3 1,451.1
1.6659 0.41429 0.55232 2,130.3
0.06867
878
614.7 0.8024
1.2462 1,309.8 1,451.6
1.6663 0.41431 0.55225 2,131.2
0.06852
879
614.7 0.8017
1.2473 1,310.2 1,452.2
1.6667 0.41432 0.55217 2,132.1
0.06837
880
614.7 0.8011
1.2484 1,310.6 1,452.7
1.6671 0.41434 0.55210 2,133.0
0.06823
Auxiliary Data ( All data downloaded from NIST website: http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/fluid/ )
Reference States Internal energy Entropy
U= S=
0.0 0.0
at 273.16 K for saturated liquid. at 273.16 K for saturated liquid.
Additional fluid data Critical temperature (Tc)
705.10 oF
Critical pressure (Pc)
3200.1 psia
Critical density (Dc)
20.102 lbm/ft3 0.3443
Acentric factor Normal boiling point Dipole moment
211.95 oF 1.855 Debye
Viscosity (cP)
Therm. Cond. (W/m*K)
Phase
0.02263 0.05554 vapor 0.02265 0.05559 vapor 0.02268 0.05563 vapor 0.02270 0.05568 vapor 0.02272 0.05572 vapor 0.02275 0.05577 vapor 0.02277 0.05582 vapor 0.02280 0.05586 vapor 0.02282 0.05591 vapor 0.02285 0.05596 vapor 0.02287 0.05601 vapor 0.02290 0.05605 vapor 0.02292
0.0561 vapor
0.02295 0.05615 vapor 0.02297
0.0562 vapor
0.02300 0.05624 vapor 0.02302 0.05629 vapor 0.02305 0.05634 vapor 0.02307 0.05639 vapor 0.02310 0.05644 vapor 0.02312 0.05648 vapor 0.02315 0.05653 vapor
0.02317 0.05658 vapor 0.02319 0.05663 vapor 0.02322 0.05668 vapor 0.02324 0.05673 vapor 0.02327 0.05678 vapor 0.02329 0.05683 vapor 0.02332 0.05688 vapor 0.02334 0.05693 vapor 0.02337 0.05698 vapor 0.02339 0.05703 vapor 0.02342 0.05708 vapor 0.02344 0.05713 vapor 0.02347 0.05718 vapor 0.02349 0.05723 vapor 0.02352 0.05728 vapor 0.02354 0.05733 vapor 0.02356 0.05738 vapor 0.02359 0.05743 vapor 0.02361 0.05748 vapor 0.02364 0.05753 vapor 0.02366 0.05759 vapor 0.02369 0.05764 vapor 0.02371 0.05769 vapor 0.02374 0.05774 vapor
0.02376 0.05779 vapor 0.02379 0.05784 vapor 0.02381
0.0579 vapor
0.02383 0.05795 vapor 0.02386
0.058 vapor
0.02388 0.05805 vapor 0.02391 0.05811 vapor 0.02393 0.05816 vapor 0.02396 0.05821 vapor 0.02398 0.05826 vapor 0.02401 0.05832 vapor 0.02403 0.05837 vapor 0.02405 0.05842 vapor 0.02408 0.05848 vapor 0.02410 0.05853 vapor 0.02413 0.05858 vapor 0.02415 0.05864 vapor 0.02418 0.05869 vapor 0.02420 0.05874 vapor 0.02423
0.0588 vapor
0.02425 0.05885 vapor 0.02427
0.0589 vapor
0.02430 0.05896 vapor 0.02432 0.05901 vapor
0.02435 0.05907 vapor 0.02437 0.05912 vapor 0.02440 0.05918 vapor 0.02442 0.05923 vapor 0.02444 0.05929 vapor 0.02447 0.05934 vapor 0.02449 0.05939 vapor 0.02452 0.05945 vapor 0.02454
0.0595 vapor
0.02457 0.05956 vapor 0.02459 0.05962 vapor 0.02461 0.05967 vapor 0.02464 0.05973 vapor 0.02466 0.05978 vapor 0.02469 0.05984 vapor 0.02471 0.05989 vapor 0.02474 0.05995 vapor 0.02476
0.06 vapor
0.02478 0.06006 vapor 0.02481 0.06012 vapor 0.02483 0.06017 vapor 0.02486 0.06023 vapor 0.02488 0.06028 vapor 0.02491 0.06034 vapor
0.02493
0.0604 vapor
0.02495 0.06045 vapor 0.02498 0.06051 vapor 0.02500 0.06057 vapor 0.02503 0.06062 vapor 0.02505 0.06068 vapor 0.02507 0.06074 vapor 0.02510 0.06079 vapor 0.02512 0.06085 vapor 0.02515 0.06091 vapor 0.02517 0.06097 vapor 0.02520 0.06102 vapor 0.02522 0.06108 vapor 0.02524 0.06114 vapor 0.02527
0.0612 vapor
0.02529 0.06125 vapor 0.02532 0.06131 vapor 0.02534 0.06137 vapor 0.02536 0.06143 vapor 0.02539 0.06149 vapor 0.02541 0.06154 vapor 0.02544
0.0616 vapor
0.02546 0.06166 vapor 0.02548 0.06172 vapor
0.02551 0.06178 vapor 0.02553 0.06184 vapor 0.02556 0.06189 vapor 0.02558 0.06195 vapor 0.02560 0.06201 vapor 0.02563 0.06207 vapor 0.02565 0.06213 vapor 0.02568 0.06219 vapor 0.02570 0.06225 vapor 0.02572 0.06231 vapor 0.02575 0.06236 vapor 0.02577 0.06242 vapor 0.02580 0.06248 vapor 0.02582 0.06254 vapor 0.02584
0.0626 vapor
0.02587 0.06266 vapor 0.02589 0.06272 vapor 0.02592 0.06278 vapor 0.02594 0.06284 vapor 0.02596
0.0629 vapor
0.02599 0.06296 vapor 0.02601 0.06302 vapor 0.02604 0.06308 vapor 0.02606 0.06314 vapor
0.02608
0.0632 vapor
0.02611 0.06326 vapor 0.02613 0.06332 vapor 0.02616 0.06338 vapor 0.02618 0.06344 vapor 0.02620
0.0635 vapor
0.02623 0.06356 vapor 0.02625 0.06362 vapor 0.02627 0.06368 vapor 0.02630 0.06374 vapor 0.02632
0.0638 vapor
0.02635 0.06386 vapor 0.02637 0.06393 vapor 0.02639 0.06399 vapor 0.02642 0.06405 vapor 0.02644 0.06411 vapor 0.02647 0.06417 vapor 0.02649 0.06423 vapor 0.02651 0.06429 vapor 0.02654 0.06435 vapor 0.02656 0.06441 vapor 0.02658 0.06448 vapor 0.02661 0.06454 vapor 0.02663
0.0646 vapor
0.02666 0.06466 vapor 0.02668 0.06472 vapor 0.02670 0.06478 vapor 0.02673 0.06485 vapor 0.02675 0.06491 vapor 0.02677 0.06497 vapor 0.02680 0.06503 vapor 0.02682 0.06509 vapor 0.02685 0.06516 vapor 0.02687 0.06522 vapor 0.02689 0.06528 vapor 0.02692 0.06534 vapor 0.02694 0.06541 vapor 0.02696 0.06547 vapor 0.02699 0.06553 vapor 0.02701 0.06559 vapor 0.02704 0.06566 vapor 0.02706 0.06572 vapor 0.02708 0.06578 vapor 0.02711 0.06584 vapor 0.02713 0.06591 vapor 0.02715 0.06597 vapor 0.02718 0.06603 vapor 0.02720 0.06609 vapor
0.02723 0.06616 vapor 0.02725 0.06622 vapor 0.02727 0.06628 vapor 0.02730 0.06635 vapor 0.02732 0.06641 vapor 0.02734 0.06647 vapor 0.02737 0.06654 vapor 0.02739
0.0666 vapor
0.02741 0.06666 vapor 0.02744 0.06673 vapor
Super Heated Steam Data Isobaric Data for P = 36.500 psia Temperatur Pressure e oF (psia)
250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 261.73 261.73 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291
36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5
Density (lbm/ft3)
Volume (ft3/lbm)
58.822 58.793 58.765 58.737 58.708 58.679 58.651 58.622 58.593 58.564 58.535 58.506 58.485 0.0874 0.0874 0.0872 0.0871 0.0870 0.0868 0.0867 0.0865 0.0864 0.0863 0.0861 0.0860 0.0859 0.0857 0.0856 0.0855 0.0853 0.0852 0.0851 0.0850 0.0848 0.0847 0.0846 0.0844 0.0843 0.0842 0.0841 0.0839 0.0838 0.0837 0.0836
0.0170 0.0170 0.0170 0.0170 0.0170 0.0170 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 11.4410 11.4460 11.4640 11.4820 11.5000 11.5180 11.5370 11.5550 11.5730 11.5910 11.6090 11.6270 11.6450 11.6630 11.6810 11.6990 11.7170 11.7350 11.7530 11.7710 11.7890 11.8070 11.8250 11.8420 11.8600 11.8780 11.8960 11.9140 11.9320 11.9490 11.9670
Internal Energy (Btu/lbm)
218.68 219.69 220.70 221.72 222.74 223.75 224.77 225.78 226.80 227.82 228.83 229.85 230.60 1,091.5 1,091.6 1,092.0 1,092.4 1,092.8 1,093.2 1,093.6 1,094.0 1,094.4 1,094.8 1,095.2 1,095.6 1,096.0 1,096.4 1,096.8 1,097.2 1,097.6 1,098.0 1,098.4 1,098.8 1,099.2 1,099.6 1,100.0 1,100.4 1,100.8 1,101.1 1,101.5 1,101.9 1,102.3 1,102.7 1,103.1
Enthalpy Entropy Cv Cp Sound (Btu/lbm) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) (Btu/lbm*R) Spd. (ft/s)
218.79 219.81 220.82 221.84 222.85 223.87 224.88 225.90 226.91 227.93 228.95 229.97 230.71 1,168.8 1,168.9 1,169.5 1,170.0 1,170.5 1,171.1 1,171.6 1,172.1 1,172.6 1,173.2 1,173.7 1,174.2 1,174.7 1,175.2 1,175.8 1,176.3 1,176.8 1,177.3 1,177.8 1,178.3 1,178.9 1,179.4 1,179.9 1,180.4 1,180.9 1,181.4 1,181.9 1,182.5 1,183.0 1,183.5 1,184.0
0.36803 0.36946 0.37089 0.37231 0.37374 0.37516 0.37658 0.37800 0.37941 0.38083 0.38224 0.38366 0.38469 1.6850 1.6852 1.6860 1.6867 1.6874 1.6882 1.6889 1.6896 1.6903 1.6911 1.6918 1.6925 1.6932 1.6939 1.6946 1.6953 1.6960 1.6967 1.6974 1.6981 1.6988 1.6995 1.7002 1.7009 1.7016 1.7023 1.7030 1.7036 1.7043 1.7050 1.7057
0.87491 0.87425 0.87359 0.87294 0.87228 0.87163 0.87097 0.87032 0.86967 0.86902 0.86837 0.86772 0.86725 0.39354 0.39333 0.39256 0.39182 0.39111 0.39043 0.38977 0.38914 0.38854 0.38796 0.38740 0.38685 0.38633 0.38583 0.38534 0.38486 0.38440 0.38396 0.38353 0.38311 0.38270 0.38231 0.38192 0.38155 0.38119 0.38083 0.38048 0.38015 0.37982 0.37950 0.37918
1.0146 1.0149 1.0151 1.0153 1.0156 1.0158 1.0160 1.0163 1.0165 1.0168 1.0170 1.0173 1.0174 0.53138 0.53107 0.52995 0.52887 0.52783 0.52683 0.52586 0.52493 0.52403 0.52316 0.52232 0.52151 0.52072 0.51996 0.51922 0.51850 0.51780 0.51712 0.51645 0.51581 0.51518 0.51457 0.51397 0.51338 0.51281 0.51226 0.51171 0.51118 0.51066 0.51015 0.50965
4,981.6 4,978.9 4,976.2 4,973.4 4,970.6 4,967.8 4,965.0 4,962.1 4,959.2 4,956.3 4,953.3 4,950.4 4,948.2 1,591.2 1,591.6 1,592.9 1,594.3 1,595.6 1,597.0 1,598.3 1,599.7 1,601.0 1,602.3 1,603.6 1,604.9 1,606.2 1,607.5 1,608.8 1,610.1 1,611.4 1,612.7 1,613.9 1,615.2 1,616.5 1,617.7 1,619.0 1,620.2 1,621.5 1,622.7 1,624.0 1,625.2 1,626.4 1,627.7 1,628.9
JouleThomson (F/psia)
-0.00205 -0.00204 -0.00204 -0.00203 -0.00203 -0.00202 -0.00202 -0.00201 -0.00201 -0.00200 -0.00200 -0.00199 -0.00199 0.60543 0.60413 0.59937 0.59472 0.59017 0.58572 0.58137 0.57710 0.57292 0.56883 0.56480 0.56085 0.55697 0.55316 0.54941 0.54572 0.54208 0.53851 0.53498 0.53151 0.52809 0.52471 0.52138 0.51809 0.51485 0.51164 0.50848 0.50535 0.50227 0.49921 0.49619
292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340
36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5
0.0834 0.0833 0.0832 0.0831 0.0829 0.0828 0.0827 0.0826 0.0825 0.0823 0.0822 0.0821 0.0820 0.0819 0.0818 0.0816 0.0815 0.0814 0.0813 0.0812 0.0811 0.0809 0.0808 0.0807 0.0806 0.0805 0.0804 0.0803 0.0801 0.0800 0.0799 0.0798 0.0797 0.0796 0.0795 0.0794 0.0793 0.0792 0.0790 0.0789 0.0788 0.0787 0.0786 0.0785 0.0784 0.0783 0.0782 0.0781 0.0780
11.9850 12.0030 12.0200 12.0380 12.0560 12.0730 12.0910 12.1090 12.1260 12.1440 12.1620 12.1790 12.1970 12.2150 12.2320 12.2500 12.2670 12.2850 12.3020 12.3200 12.3380 12.3550 12.3730 12.3900 12.4080 12.4250 12.4430 12.4600 12.4780 12.4950 12.5120 12.5300 12.5470 12.5650 12.5820 12.5990 12.6170 12.6340 12.6520 12.6690 12.6860 12.7040 12.7210 12.7380 12.7560 12.7730 12.7900 12.8080 12.8250
1,103.5 1,103.9 1,104.3 1,104.7 1,105.0 1,105.4 1,105.8 1,106.2 1,106.6 1,107.0 1,107.4 1,107.7 1,108.1 1,108.5 1,108.9 1,109.3 1,109.7 1,110.1 1,110.4 1,110.8 1,111.2 1,111.6 1,112.0 1,112.4 1,112.7 1,113.1 1,113.5 1,113.9 1,114.3 1,114.6 1,115.0 1,115.4 1,115.8 1,116.2 1,116.5 1,116.9 1,117.3 1,117.7 1,118.1 1,118.4 1,118.8 1,119.2 1,119.6 1,119.9 1,120.3 1,120.7 1,121.1 1,121.4 1,121.8
1,184.5 1,185.0 1,185.5 1,186.0 1,186.5 1,187.0 1,187.5 1,188.0 1,188.6 1,189.1 1,189.6 1,190.1 1,190.6 1,191.1 1,191.6 1,192.1 1,192.6 1,193.1 1,193.6 1,194.1 1,194.6 1,195.1 1,195.6 1,196.1 1,196.6 1,197.1 1,197.6 1,198.1 1,198.6 1,199.1 1,199.6 1,200.1 1,200.6 1,201.1 1,201.6 1,202.1 1,202.6 1,203.1 1,203.6 1,204.1 1,204.6 1,205.0 1,205.5 1,206.0 1,206.5 1,207.0 1,207.5 1,208.0 1,208.5
1.7064 1.7070 1.7077 1.7084 1.7091 1.7097 1.7104 1.7111 1.7117 1.7124 1.7131 1.7137 1.7144 1.7150 1.7157 1.7164 1.7170 1.7177 1.7183 1.7190 1.7196 1.7203 1.7209 1.7216 1.7222 1.7229 1.7235 1.7241 1.7248 1.7254 1.7261 1.7267 1.7273 1.7280 1.7286 1.7292 1.7299 1.7305 1.7311 1.7317 1.7324 1.7330 1.7336 1.7342 1.7349 1.7355 1.7361 1.7367 1.7373
0.37888 0.37858 0.37829 0.37800 0.37772 0.37745 0.37718 0.37692 0.37666 0.37641 0.37617 0.37592 0.37569 0.37546 0.37523 0.37501 0.37479 0.37458 0.37437 0.37417 0.37397 0.37377 0.37358 0.37339 0.37320 0.37302 0.37284 0.37267 0.37249 0.37233 0.37216 0.37200 0.37184 0.37169 0.37153 0.37138 0.37124 0.37109 0.37095 0.37081 0.37068 0.37054 0.37041 0.37028 0.37016 0.37004 0.36992 0.36980 0.36968
0.50916 0.50868 0.50821 0.50775 0.50730 0.50685 0.50642 0.50599 0.50558 0.50516 0.50476 0.50437 0.50398 0.50359 0.50322 0.50285 0.50249 0.50213 0.50178 0.50144 0.50110 0.50076 0.50044 0.50011 0.49980 0.49949 0.49918 0.49888 0.49858 0.49829 0.49800 0.49772 0.49744 0.49717 0.49690 0.49663 0.49637 0.49612 0.49586 0.49562 0.49537 0.49513 0.49489 0.49466 0.49443 0.49421 0.49398 0.49376 0.49355
1,630.1 1,631.3 1,632.6 1,633.8 1,635.0 1,636.2 1,637.4 1,638.6 1,639.8 1,641.0 1,642.2 1,643.4 1,644.6 1,645.8 1,647.0 1,648.2 1,649.4 1,650.6 1,651.7 1,652.9 1,654.1 1,655.3 1,656.5 1,657.6 1,658.8 1,660.0 1,661.1 1,662.3 1,663.4 1,664.6 1,665.8 1,666.9 1,668.1 1,669.2 1,670.4 1,671.5 1,672.7 1,673.8 1,674.9 1,676.1 1,677.2 1,678.4 1,679.5 1,680.6 1,681.8 1,682.9 1,684.0 1,685.2 1,686.3
0.49321 0.49026 0.48734 0.48445 0.48159 0.47877 0.47597 0.47320 0.47045 0.46774 0.46505 0.46238 0.45975 0.45713 0.45455 0.45198 0.44944 0.44692 0.44443 0.44196 0.43951 0.43708 0.43467 0.43228 0.42992 0.42757 0.42525 0.42294 0.42066 0.41839 0.41614 0.41391 0.41170 0.40951 0.40734 0.40518 0.40304 0.40092 0.39882 0.39673 0.39466 0.39261 0.39057 0.38855 0.38655 0.38456 0.38259 0.38063 0.37869
341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389
36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5
0.0779 0.0778 0.0777 0.0776 0.0775 0.0773 0.0772 0.0771 0.0770 0.0769 0.0768 0.0767 0.0766 0.0765 0.0764 0.0763 0.0762 0.0761 0.0760 0.0759 0.0758 0.0757 0.0756 0.0755 0.0754 0.0753 0.0752 0.0751 0.0751 0.0750 0.0749 0.0748 0.0747 0.0746 0.0745 0.0744 0.0743 0.0742 0.0741 0.0740 0.0739 0.0738 0.0737 0.0736 0.0735 0.0735 0.0734 0.0733 0.0732
12.8420 12.8600 12.8770 12.8940 12.9110 12.9290 12.9460 12.9630 12.9800 12.9980 13.0150 13.0320 13.0490 13.0670 13.0840 13.1010 13.1180 13.1350 13.1530 13.1700 13.1870 13.2040 13.2210 13.2380 13.2550 13.2730 13.2900 13.3070 13.3240 13.3410 13.3580 13.3750 13.3920 13.4100 13.4270 13.4440 13.4610 13.4780 13.4950 13.5120 13.5290 13.5460 13.5630 13.5800 13.5970 13.6140 13.6310 13.6490 13.6660
1,122.2 1,122.6 1,123.0 1,123.3 1,123.7 1,124.1 1,124.5 1,124.8 1,125.2 1,125.6 1,126.0 1,126.3 1,126.7 1,127.1 1,127.5 1,127.8 1,128.2 1,128.6 1,129.0 1,129.3 1,129.7 1,130.1 1,130.4 1,130.8 1,131.2 1,131.6 1,131.9 1,132.3 1,132.7 1,133.1 1,133.4 1,133.8 1,134.2 1,134.6 1,134.9 1,135.3 1,135.7 1,136.0 1,136.4 1,136.8 1,137.2 1,137.5 1,137.9 1,138.3 1,138.6 1,139.0 1,139.4 1,139.8 1,140.1
1,209.0 1,209.5 1,210.0 1,210.5 1,211.0 1,211.5 1,212.0 1,212.5 1,212.9 1,213.4 1,213.9 1,214.4 1,214.9 1,215.4 1,215.9 1,216.4 1,216.9 1,217.4 1,217.9 1,218.3 1,218.8 1,219.3 1,219.8 1,220.3 1,220.8 1,221.3 1,221.8 1,222.3 1,222.7 1,223.2 1,223.7 1,224.2 1,224.7 1,225.2 1,225.7 1,226.2 1,226.6 1,227.1 1,227.6 1,228.1 1,228.6 1,229.1 1,229.6 1,230.1 1,230.5 1,231.0 1,231.5 1,232.0 1,232.5
1.7380 1.7386 1.7392 1.7398 1.7404 1.7410 1.7416 1.7422 1.7429 1.7435 1.7441 1.7447 1.7453 1.7459 1.7465 1.7471 1.7477 1.7483 1.7489 1.7495 1.7501 1.7507 1.7513 1.7519 1.7525 1.7531 1.7536 1.7542 1.7548 1.7554 1.7560 1.7566 1.7572 1.7578 1.7584 1.7589 1.7595 1.7601 1.7607 1.7613 1.7618 1.7624 1.7630 1.7636 1.7642 1.7647 1.7653 1.7659 1.7665
0.36957 0.36946 0.36935 0.36924 0.36914 0.36904 0.36894 0.36884 0.36874 0.36865 0.36856 0.36847 0.36838 0.36829 0.36821 0.36813 0.36805 0.36797 0.36789 0.36782 0.36774 0.36767 0.36760 0.36753 0.36747 0.36740 0.36734 0.36728 0.36722 0.36716 0.36710 0.36705 0.36699 0.36694 0.36689 0.36684 0.36679 0.36675 0.36670 0.36666 0.36661 0.36657 0.36653 0.36649 0.36646 0.36642 0.36639 0.36635 0.36632
0.49334 0.49313 0.49292 0.49272 0.49252 0.49233 0.49214 0.49195 0.49176 0.49158 0.49140 0.49122 0.49104 0.49087 0.49070 0.49054 0.49037 0.49021 0.49006 0.48990 0.48975 0.48960 0.48945 0.48930 0.48916 0.48902 0.48888 0.48874 0.48861 0.48848 0.48835 0.48822 0.48810 0.48797 0.48785 0.48774 0.48762 0.48750 0.48739 0.48728 0.48717 0.48707 0.48696 0.48686 0.48676 0.48666 0.48656 0.48647 0.48637
1,687.4 1,688.5 1,689.6 1,690.8 1,691.9 1,693.0 1,694.1 1,695.2 1,696.3 1,697.4 1,698.5 1,699.7 1,700.8 1,701.9 1,703.0 1,704.1 1,705.2 1,706.3 1,707.4 1,708.5 1,709.5 1,710.6 1,711.7 1,712.8 1,713.9 1,715.0 1,716.1 1,717.2 1,718.2 1,719.3 1,720.4 1,721.5 1,722.6 1,723.6 1,724.7 1,725.8 1,726.9 1,727.9 1,729.0 1,730.1 1,731.1 1,732.2 1,733.3 1,734.3 1,735.4 1,736.5 1,737.5 1,738.6 1,739.6
0.37676 0.37485 0.37295 0.37107 0.36920 0.36735 0.36551 0.36369 0.36187 0.36008 0.35829 0.35652 0.35477 0.35302 0.35129 0.34958 0.34787 0.34618 0.34450 0.34284 0.34118 0.33954 0.33791 0.33629 0.33469 0.33309 0.33151 0.32994 0.32838 0.32683 0.32530 0.32377 0.32226 0.32075 0.31926 0.31778 0.31631 0.31485 0.31339 0.31195 0.31052 0.30910 0.30769 0.30629 0.30490 0.30352 0.30215 0.30079 0.29944
390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400
36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5
0.0731 0.0730 0.0729 0.0728 0.0727 0.0726 0.0725 0.0725 0.0724 0.0723 0.0722
13.6830 13.7000 13.7170 13.7340 13.7510 13.7680 13.7850 13.8020 13.8190 13.8360 13.8530
1,140.5 1,140.9 1,141.2 1,141.6 1,142.0 1,142.4 1,142.7 1,143.1 1,143.5 1,143.8 1,144.2
1,233.0 1,233.5 1,234.0 1,234.4 1,234.9 1,235.4 1,235.9 1,236.4 1,236.9 1,237.4 1,237.8
1.7670 1.7676 1.7682 1.7687 1.7693 1.7699 1.7704 1.7710 1.7716 1.7721 1.7727
0.36629 0.36626 0.36623 0.36620 0.36618 0.36615 0.36613 0.36610 0.36608 0.36606 0.36604
0.48628 0.48619 0.48610 0.48602 0.48593 0.48585 0.48577 0.48569 0.48561 0.48553 0.48546
1,740.7 1,741.7 1,742.8 1,743.8 1,744.9 1,745.9 1,747.0 1,748.0 1,749.1 1,750.1 1,751.2
0.29810 0.29676 0.29544 0.29412 0.29282 0.29152 0.29023 0.28895 0.28768 0.28642 0.28517
Viscosity (cP)
0.22978 0.22865 0.22753 0.22642 0.22532 0.22424 0.22316 0.22209 0.22103 0.21998 0.21894 0.21791 0.21716 0.01322 0.01323 0.01325 0.01327 0.01329 0.01331 0.01334 0.01336 0.01338 0.01340 0.01342 0.01344 0.01347 0.01349 0.01351 0.01353 0.01355 0.01358 0.01360 0.01362 0.01364 0.01366 0.01369 0.01371 0.01373 0.01375 0.01378 0.01380 0.01382 0.01384 0.01386
Therm. Cond. (W/m*K)
0.68332 0.68336 0.68341 0.68345 0.68348 0.68352 0.68355 0.68357 0.68360 0.68362 0.68364 0.68365 0.68366 0.02845 0.02846 0.02849 0.02853 0.02856 0.02859 0.02863 0.02866 0.02869 0.02873 0.02876 0.02880 0.02883 0.02887 0.02890 0.02894 0.02897 0.02901 0.02905 0.02908 0.02912 0.02915 0.02919 0.02923 0.02926 0.02930 0.02934 0.02937 0.02941 0.02945 0.02949
Phase
liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid liquid vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
0.01389 0.01391 0.01393 0.01395 0.01397 0.01400 0.01402 0.01404 0.01406 0.01408 0.01411 0.01413 0.01415 0.01417 0.01420 0.01422 0.01424 0.01426 0.01428 0.01431 0.01433 0.01435 0.01437 0.01440 0.01442 0.01444 0.01446 0.01449 0.01451 0.01453 0.01455 0.01457 0.01460 0.01462 0.01464 0.01466 0.01469 0.01471 0.01473 0.01475 0.01478 0.01480 0.01482 0.01484 0.01487 0.01489 0.01491 0.01493 0.01496
0.02952 0.02956 0.02960 0.02964 0.02968 0.02972 0.02975 0.02979 0.02983 0.02987 0.02991 0.02995 0.02999 0.03003 0.03007 0.03011 0.03015 0.03019 0.03023 0.03027 0.03031 0.03035 0.03039 0.03043 0.03047 0.03051 0.03055 0.03060 0.03064 0.03068 0.03072 0.03076 0.03080 0.03085 0.03089 0.03093 0.03097 0.03101 0.03106 0.03110 0.03114 0.03119 0.03123 0.03127 0.03132 0.03136 0.03140 0.03145 0.03149
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
0.01498 0.01500 0.01502 0.01505 0.01507 0.01509 0.01511 0.01514 0.01516 0.01518 0.01520 0.01523 0.01525 0.01527 0.01529 0.01532 0.01534 0.01536 0.01538 0.01541 0.01543 0.01545 0.01547 0.01550 0.01552 0.01554 0.01556 0.01559 0.01561 0.01563 0.01565 0.01568 0.01570 0.01572 0.01574 0.01577 0.01579 0.01581 0.01583 0.01586 0.01588 0.01590 0.01593 0.01595 0.01597 0.01599 0.01602 0.01604 0.01606
0.03153 0.03158 0.03162 0.03167 0.03171 0.03175 0.03180 0.03184 0.03189 0.03193 0.03198 0.03202 0.03207 0.03211 0.03216 0.03220 0.03225 0.03229 0.03234 0.03238 0.03243 0.03248 0.03252 0.03257 0.03261 0.03266 0.03271 0.03275 0.03280 0.03285 0.03289 0.03294 0.03299 0.03303 0.03308 0.03313 0.03318 0.03322 0.03327 0.03332 0.03336 0.03341 0.03346 0.03351 0.03356 0.03360 0.03365 0.03370 0.03375
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
0.01608 0.01611 0.01613 0.01615 0.01618 0.01620 0.01622 0.01624 0.01627 0.01629 0.01631
0.03380 0.03385 0.03389 0.03394 0.03399 0.03404 0.03409 0.03414 0.03419 0.03424 0.03428
vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor vapor
Crane 410 fittings thread378-173164
wfn217 (Chemical)
13 Dec
In Crane TP 410, K for a fitting is found by multiplying a number times f T. fT is called the frict factor. Is fT related to the roughness? dtn6770 (Mechanical)
13 Dec
fT is related to roughness by way of the Moody Diagram and its use of relative roughness. Rela roughness is the materials absolute roughness divided by the inside diameter. STYMIEDPIPER (Mechanical)
13 Dec 0
Crane 410 lists values for fT wfn217 (Chemical)
13 Dec 06 10:57
I wanted to know whether the listed fT values are strictly due to geometry or also a function of roughness. 13 Dec 06 11:05
BigInch (Petroleum) geometry vzeos (Mechanical)
13 Dec 06 12:03
wfn217- In Crane TP 410 fT is the fully turbulent flow friction factor defined by the equation be is the pipe I. D. and k is the pipe roughness. 1/√fT= 2Log{(3.7D/k)
Crane's equivalent length calculations assume fully developed turbulent flow. See Crane TP 41 26. The fT values provided by Crane imply a k value of about 0.00180". BigInch (Petroleum)
13 Dec 0
vzeos,
You are totally correct. Seems I reversed the question. K is determined by geometry, but the eq length is indeed based on 0.0018 roughness. DLANDISSR (Mechanical)
13 Dec 0
fT is the friction factor in the turbulent region of flow. It is calculated from the Colebrook-Whit equation which is an iteration. The Moody Diagram is derived from the Colebrook-White equat
katmar (Chemical)
13 Dec 0
BigInch nailed the answer with his first post, but this question highlights what I consider to be o the weaker points of the Crane 410 manual so please forgive me a little rant here. I have seen C treatment of the K value for pipe fittings cause so much confusion - it really is a great pity they
katmar (Chemical)
13 Dec 0
BigInch nailed the answer with his first post, but this question highlights what I consider to be o the weaker points of the Crane 410 manual so please forgive me a little rant here. I have seen C treatment of the K value for pipe fittings cause so much confusion - it really is a great pity they do it this way.
The Crane engineers noted that the K values for fittings generally decreased as the fitting size increased. But it all went wrong when they noticed that this rate of decrease was close to the sa the rate at which the friction factor for fully developed turbulent flow in commercial steel pipe decreased as the pipe size increased. The fatal mistake was to link the two. See Crane Fig 2-14 associated commentary.
For example, on page A-29 the K value for a 90 degree butt-weld pipe bend with an r/d of 1.5 is as 14fT. The values of fT are given at the top of page A-26 as a function of pipe size. The values have been calculated using the function referenced by vzeos, but for the purposes of calculating values they are constants for each pipe size.
This apparent link between the K value and the friction factor gives the impression that the K va linked to the pipe roughness - but in fact it is not because fT is defined to be at a particular rough Even worse, it is possible to be misled into believing the Crane K values compensate for change Reynolds number because everyone knows that the friction factor is influenced by the Reynolds number. But again, it is not because fT is defined to be in a particular Reynolds regime (fully tu
To use the example of the 90 degree bend I gave above, it would have been better for Crane to g K value as 14J, where J is simply a fudge-factor and would still be given by the values in the tab Page A-26 but without any reference to the friction factor. (Note that I have selected J as my sy simply because it has no prior definition in the Crane Nomenclature table.)
The upshot of all of this is that in Crane's treatment, the K value of a fitting is a function only pipe size (or geometry to use the terms used by wfn217 and BigInch). This was an improvemen previous work where the K value had been assumed to be constant for all sizes of fittings, and a time that Crane first published this method it was rightly acclaimed as an important advance but it was badly worded and newer editions of 410 have unfortunately done nothing to remove the confusion.
I have awarded a star to BigInch for his comment that if you want to convert the Crane K value equivalent length, you must use the fT value from Crane's table on page A-26 (which is based on roughness of 0.0018") and NOT the actual friction factor of the pipe you are using. The Cra description of this on pages 2-8 to 2-11 is extremely confusing, and the example 4-7 is just pla wrong because the K values given in the 410 manual apply only to fully developed turbulent flo should never be used for laminar flow.
If you are working with laminar flow it is much better to work with equivalent lengths than with or even Crane K values. Resistance values for fittings increase rapidly at low Reynolds number does the friction factor. This means that if you use fixed L/D values, which get multiplied by th friction factor in the Darcy-Weisbach equation, the high resistance values are automatically compensated for. Or even better, use the 2-K or 3-K methods proposed by Hooper and Darby.
wrong because the K values given in the 410 manual apply only to fully developed turbulent flo should never be used for laminar flow.
If you are working with laminar flow it is much better to work with equivalent lengths than with or even Crane K values. Resistance values for fittings increase rapidly at low Reynolds number does the friction factor. This means that if you use fixed L/D values, which get multiplied by th friction factor in the Darcy-Weisbach equation, the high resistance values are automatically compensated for. Or even better, use the 2-K or 3-K methods proposed by Hooper and Darby.
Montemayor (Chemical)
13 Dec 0
And I select Harvey as the preferred Ranter of the day and worthy - as well - of recognition for bringing to everyone's attention the importance of really understanding and reading through wh in front of our eyes. We, as professional engineers, are not being asked to believe or accept 100 what we are offered or given - regardless of how “sacred” the Cow may seem. Everything in engineering is subject to scrutiny and improvements.
I have a lot of respect and gratitude for what has gone into putting together Crane's Tech Paper However, everything Harvey has stated regarding the concept of their K values is not only valid 100% positive criticism that should be heard and applied. Major world-class engineering firms with what Harvey states - and so do some of the biggest chemical process companies. To quote “Until recently, the use of K coefficients for valves and fittings has been considered more accur the use of equivalent lengths of pipe, but recent research has disclosed that K coefficients are no constant for all sizes of any one type of valve or fitting; so the use of equivalent lengths, with so exceptions, is now preferred.” And this is in addition to the problems of understanding/interpre what TP 410 is saying. We have a better option, as Harvey states, in the 2-K or 3-K methods. Great comments and good engineering knowledge, Harvey! wfn217 (Chemical)
14 Dec 0
The number that Crane multiplies by fT to obtain K is the same number listed as L/D in Camero
14 Dec 0
katmar (Chemical) wfn217, the Darcy-Weisbach correlation for pressure drop is ?P = ( fL/D + K ) ?V2 / 2
So if you want to express the resistance of a fitting in terms of the equivalent length (i.e. L/D) i of K then you have to calculate L/D = K/f and since Crane express their K's as (Constant) x fT you would get L/D = (Constant) x fT / f If f is evaluated at the same conditions as fT (which is what my rant above was all about!) then course
of K then you have to calculate L/D = K/f and since Crane express their K's as (Constant) x fT you would get L/D = (Constant) x fT / f If f is evaluated at the same conditions as fT (which is what my rant above was all about!) then course L/D = (Constant)
which means that for commercial steel pipe in the fully turbulent regime the (Constant) used by will indeed be the L/D value given by Cameron. You just have to remember that because Crane evaluated these (Constants) for commercial steel pipe in the fully turbulent regime, if you want back to the L/D values you must use fT and not the friction factor in your particular case. Katmar Software Engineering & Risk Analysis Software http://katmarsoftware.com wfn217 (Chemical)
14 Dec 0
katmar,
14 Dec 0
katmar (Chemical) wfn217,
It has been found experimentally that the resistance factor (i.e. K value) for a fitting depends on the fitting size and the Reynolds number. In the Darcy-Weisbach equation (in which I managed the wrong symbols before) ΔP = ( fL/D + K ) ρV2 / 2
you can see that if you use a K value the pressure drop is not influenced by the fitting size or th Reynolds number. When you use Crane K values the value is corrected (via the table on page A for fitting size before you insert the value into the D-W equation, but many of the older referenc gave single K values for all fitting sizes.
On the other hand, you can see that if you use equivalent lengths, then the value is multiplied b actual friction factor for your application, and because the friction factor does depend on the fitt size and the Reynolds number it automatically corrects the calculation for both these factors. T makes the equivalent length method both easier to use, and more accurate than K values. It is ea use because you only have to remember a single L/D value for a given type of fitting.
As Montemayor and I said before, the very best way is to use the 2-K or 3-K method but thes computationally much more involved. In my software I use 3-K because once it is programmed makes no extra work to use it, but if I am doing a hand calc then I use the equivalent length met Hope this makes it clear Harvey
makes the equivalent length method both easier to use, and more accurate than K values. It is ea use because you only have to remember a single L/D value for a given type of fitting.
As Montemayor and I said before, the very best way is to use the 2-K or 3-K method but thes computationally much more involved. In my software I use 3-K because once it is programmed makes no extra work to use it, but if I am doing a hand calc then I use the equivalent length met Hope this makes it clear Harvey tickle (Chemical)
14 Dec
Thank you Katmar for your wonderful explanation.
I have questioned Crane myself, but learnt to accept that its findings were as practical as require
I think that younger engineers blindly use equations and computer programs - because they are t They do not understand the applicable circumstances or the limitations. In fact whilst reading th one of the junior engineers questioned me regarding recommended pipe diameters. They had siz steam piping for maximum flow and minimum pressure. They were blindly going to use a calcu diameter because it was less than or equal to the recommended velocity without considering the application and whether the worst case conditions could occur at the same time, (they can't and a pipe diameter was my recommendation).
14 Dec 0
pleckner (Chemical) I invite everyone to read my article on this subject published at http://www.cheresources.com/eqlength.shtml
I don't agree that using equivalent lengths is the proper way to perform a system hydraulcs calc (my arguments are in the above mentioned article). You must not mix the friction factor for a fit with the friction factor of a pipe because they are not the same, whether we are talking about C friction factor at fully developed turbulent flow or the two-K or three-K methods. The pressure a fitting obtained from these methods is not the same nor nearly the same as the pressure loss o fitting obtained from multiplying the pipe friction factor x the equivalent length of the fitting.
The most accurate way to perform the calculation is to use one of these methods (three-k perfer and add the losses to those of the pipe, not to combine them all into an equivalent length of stra pipe and multiply by the pipe friction factor.
The two-K or three-K methods were developed to address the fact that fittings are indded some dependent on Reynolds number, but this is still not the same as a pipe friction factor. I will also argue that for fully developed turbulent flow, there is nothing wrong with CRANE's
katmar (Chemical)
15 Dec 06 5:15
pleckner,
There is a lot more that we agree on than on which we differ. It was never my intention to sugg
katmar (Chemical)
15 Dec 06 5:15
pleckner,
There is a lot more that we agree on than on which we differ. It was never my intention to sugg there is anything wrong with applying Crane's K values to fully developed turbulent flow. I hav recommended MANY times here that people should get their hands on a copy of Crane 410. P 95% or more of our flow calcs are for fully developed turbulent flow, and Crane is ideal for this
My main objection was to the confusion caused by Crane's wording and their linking of the K v the turbulent friction factor. I believe the posts in this thread confirm that this confusion is wide and I have often seen engineers struggle to come to terms with it. Despite the shortcomings of 410, my copy "lives" in the very front of the top drawer of the filing cabinet right next to my de
We all agree that the multi- K methods are better than the L/D method. However, I disagree wit statement (which is echoed in your article) that “K is a constant under all flow conditions, inclu laminar flow”. In your example you give the K value for a long radius bend as 0.36. Applying method at a Reynolds number of 100 in the same sized pipe gives a K value of 8.3. This means pressure drop calculation using the Crane value will be 90% understated, if we take 3-K as the benchmark. I accept that a similar calculation at Re = 100 using the L/D method will over-estim pressure drop but for most calculations this would be the conservative option.
I have one objection to the example in your article. 92% of the pressure drop is due to the reduc nobody would ever try to calculate the pressure drop through a reducer with the L/D method. I the reducer exaggerates the negative aspects of the L/D method. Neglecting the reducer, the calculated pressure drops using the various methods are
L/D method - 0.97 psi Crane K - 0.75 psi Darby 3-K - 0.87 psi
Who would put his neck on the block over which of these numbers is correct? The L/D and Cr answers are within 15% of the 3-K answer, and all three answers are probably adequate for prac purposes. Katmar Software Engineering & Risk Analysis Software BigInch (Petroleum)
15 Dec 06 6:12
That's my humble opinion also. With all the other inaccuracies inherent in hydraulics and more specifically how systems are usually operated at one or the other of the extreme ranges, if you d system close enough so that you have to worry about the difference in pressure drops from lami turbulent flow in a few fittings, that's just plain tooooo close. If for some reason you need to ex an existing system, the actual data's there for the taking.
pleckner (Chemical) We are in agreement.
15 Dec
pleckner (Chemical)
15 Dec
We are in agreement.
I put the reducers into the L/D equation only as a means for comparison. I agree with you (Kat that. But then again, I don't use the equivalent length method, ever. Katmar, I'm one up on you, I keep CRANE on my desk, I'm too lazy to go into my file cabinet. wfn217 (Chemical)
15 Dec
It should be noted that pleckner's article states that K for a fitting has little to do with friction, w answers my original question. I have seen someone try to scale the f T values in Crane from pip tubing based on roughness. LeSabre (Petroleum)
15 Dec 0
pleckner,
Great article. I appreciate your logical presentation. I am curious, however, about your represe that in 1979 Crane “...discussed and used the two-friction factor method for calculating the tota pressure drop in a piping system...(f for straight pipe and ft for valves and fittings)”. It is my understanding from reading the TP 410 Foreword (4th paragraph, quoted below) that Crane’s in was to have the pipe friction factor, f, apply to the K factor calculation and that the K factor wa intended to apply to the full range of flow regimes from laminar to full turbulence. Can you co on this?
Quote (TP 410 FOREWORD): The fifteenth printing (1976 edition) presented a conceptual change regarding the values of Equ Length "L/D" and Resistance Coefficient "K" for valves and fittings relative to the friction fact pipes. This change has relatively minor effect on most problems dealing with flow conditions th result in Reynolds numbers falling in the turbulent zone. However, for flow in the laminar zon change avoids a significant overstatement of pressure drop. Consistent with this conceptual re the resistance to flow through valves and fittings is now expressed in terms of resistance co-effi
katmar (Chemical)
15 Dec 06 11:22
LeSabre,
The example in pleckner's article shows how the "old" (i.e. pre-1976) L/D method over-estimat pressure drop in fittings for low Reynolds numbers. All my calcs agree with and confirm pleck result. Crane were quite correct to make this claim in the 1976 foreword.
It is true that using the “new” K values avoids the overstatement of the pressure drop in the lam regime, but my example (See 5 Dec 5:15) shows how the Crane K values now understate the p drop by 90% at a Reynolds number of 100. If you were designing a new pipeline would you ra estimate the pressure drop as 40% too high or 90% too low? Your query, and the latest post by wfn217, are typical examples of the confusion that is caused Crane method, and which lead to my rant near the start of this thread.
pressure drop in fittings for low Reynolds numbers. All my calcs agree with and confirm pleck result. Crane were quite correct to make this claim in the 1976 foreword.
It is true that using the “new” K values avoids the overstatement of the pressure drop in the lam regime, but my example (See 5 Dec 5:15) shows how the Crane K values now understate the p drop by 90% at a Reynolds number of 100. If you were designing a new pipeline would you ra estimate the pressure drop as 40% too high or 90% too low? Your query, and the latest post by wfn217, are typical examples of the confusion that is caused Crane method, and which lead to my rant near the start of this thread.
I have probably stretched everyone's patience to the limit by going on and on about this problem will leave it at this now. Katmar Software Engineering & Risk Analysis Software pleckner (Chemical)
15 Dec 06 12:49
To LaSabre: Thanks.
To me that statement in the Foreword just means that they made a change on how they relate th K value to pipe friction factor. The statement obviously doesn't give any specifics as to how to the two, that is left to the rest of the document. Indeed, everywhere K for a valve or fitting is ca within TP410 they are very careful to note the friction factor as f T and NOT f.
CRANE notes that the friction factors (f and f T) will essentially be the same in the zone of comp turbulence.
But you are correct in that it appears CRANE was intent on having K applied throughout all flo zones and that is where they got it wrong as we've been pointing out in these Postings. ccfowler (Mechanical)
16 Dec 06 2:03
katmar, Thanks for your comments and their effects on this discussion.
BigInch, You have pointed toward one of my pet peeves, the dreadful misunderstandings brought about b ability of computers and calculators to thrash around 10 digit numbers. If the accuracy to whic parameters are known is only 1%, 5%, 10%, and sometimes even worse, most of those many di presented by the mighty computer or calculator are really just so much drivel. Unfortunately, th never a shortage of people who want to believe that all of those digits are significant (and are w
pleckner (Chemical)
18 Dec 06 13:03
Let's remember that CRANE TP410 doesn't publish equivalent lenghts for valves and fittings, i provides K values or the means to calculate K values from which we can then calculate the equ
pleckner (Chemical)
18 Dec 06 13:03
Let's remember that CRANE TP410 doesn't publish equivalent lenghts for valves and fittings, i provides K values or the means to calculate K values from which we can then calculate the equ length using the appropriate friction factor at fully developed turbulent flow.
Let us also not forget that we can obtain various fT values from the graph on Page A-23. This g allows us to choose the fT for the type of pipe being used (and this translates into a constant ab roughness for that type of pipe) and the diameter of that pipe. So I don't agree that CRANE TP4 necessarily publishes conservative values of roughness. It all depends on how you want to man the piping material you are using, e.g. For pharmaceutical grade highly polished SS pipe I migh choose to use the roughness for Drawn Tubing (an absolute roughness of 0.000005 feet) rather clean commercial steel pipe (0.00015 feet). Note that with this table, I can also try to interpolate obtain fT for various pipe diameters!
Let us also not forget that the published fT values given in the table at the top of Page A-26 are for CLEAN COMMERCIAL STEEL PIPE and for the schedule of pipe listed on Page 2-10. If desires the the K value for another fitting of a different schedule pipe, they should adjust it usin Equation 2-5 on that same page or go to the Graph on Page A-23.
One last thing for now, one can still use published equivalent lenghts as per the reference given BigInch but just remember to calculate the pressure loss through that fitting using fT for that fit rather than the pipe friction factor as I've shown in my paper and my post above. BigInch (Petroleum)
18 Dec 06 13:12
on the page, they give a method for dP, from which you can backcalculate Ks, right?
http://www.weldbend.com/Technical%20Data/Flow%20Resistance%20For%20Fittings/fl
katmar (Chemical)
18 Dec 06 15:29
@LeSabre,
Yes, indeed (assuming we are still talking LR bends) the Sch40 and Sch160 fittings would have same K value using my J factor, or using the Crane method. The table at the top of page A-26 h note "K is based on use of schedule pipe as listed on page 2-10". And page 2-10 seems to say t K values apply to Schedules 40 to 160, but that the velocity that is used to calculate the velocity must be based on the actual ID of the fitting. Makes sense to me. If you take a look at Figure 2 page 2-13 of Crane 410 you will doubt every calculation you have ever made. This figure show variability in the experimental data on which the K values we use are based. A great deal of lice has been used in getting to the "averages" we accept as gospel.
This question again highlights the reason I disagree with the Crane f T method. People want to s fiddling with the fT for their particular pipe, whereas Crane's intention was that if you have a 4" you use an fT of 0.017 irrespective of the schedule or actual roughness of that pipe . That is suggested that we call it "J" and eliminate the false link to the friction factor that is confusing everybody. All the experimental work shows that the K value has almost no dependency on the roughness, and if you look at Fig 2-16 again you will see that there is no room for hair splitting
page 2-13 of Crane 410 you will doubt every calculation you have ever made. This figure show variability in the experimental data on which the K values we use are based. A great deal of lice has been used in getting to the "averages" we accept as gospel.
This question again highlights the reason I disagree with the Crane f T method. People want to s fiddling with the fT for their particular pipe, whereas Crane's intention was that if you have a 4" you use an fT of 0.017 irrespective of the schedule or actual roughness of that pipe . That is suggested that we call it "J" and eliminate the false link to the friction factor that is confusing everybody. All the experimental work shows that the K value has almost no dependency on the roughness, and if you look at Fig 2-16 again you will see that there is no room for hair splitting
Using the Darby 3-K method to calculate K values for the Sch40 and Sch160 bends gives value 0.28 and 0.29 respectively (at Re = 300,000). If I was doing a calculation that involved these fi would use these two different values for the two different schedules, but only for the sake of computational consistency and to allow anyone to later check my calcs using the same methods heart I would know that in fact they are for all intents and purposes the same. Of course for the flowrate the pressure drop is higher through the Sch160 bend because of the higher velocity, bu because of any real change in K value. To try to calculate the actual K value from the Crane me by interpolating fT between Sch40 and Sch160 is IMO like measuring the length of a football p with a micrometer.
For the 36" bend I would use 3-K and get a K value of about 0.18. The rate of decrease with siz less as the sizes get bigger. You could use Crane fT of 0.0105 (interpolating from the figure on 24) because there is a substantial increment to 36" from the data on page A-26, but the fact that neglected to give values on page A-26 for 36" pipe does not detract from my argument that thei procedure is confusing.
@Sailoday28, Crane have neglected to give K values for welded or flanged Tee's. I have no idea why. As alw would use 3-K. A good reference for this type of data is the classic article by Larry Simpson an Martin Weirick (Chemical Engineering, April 3, 1978).
@pleckner, I am confused over what you are saying Phil. If we apply your example of polished SS with a roughness of 0.000005 inch to our 4" LR bend we would have to have a Reynolds number of ov million to get to full turbulence (See Crane A-24). Under these conditions you would get an f about 0.007. This compares with an fT of 0.017 for a 4" fitting given on page A-26. Using the 0.007 would make a 4" highly polished LR bend have a K value of 17x0.007 = 0.119 and not th that I would calculate from Darby's 3-K. Is this what you are saying, or have I got the wrong en the stick?
katmar (Chemical)
18 Dec 06 16:33
@pleckner,
I got confused between inches and feet for your roughness in my working of your example with polished SS. The fT is more like 0.010, making the K value 0.17. The numbers are different fro earlier calc but the principle is the same. My question is, are you proposing that we use the calc fT value of about 0.010 rather than Crane's 0.017 to calculate the K value of a highly polished L bend? Sorry for the calculation error - it’s nearly midnight here! Harvey
I got confused between inches and feet for your roughness in my working of your example with polished SS. The fT is more like 0.010, making the K value 0.17. The numbers are different fro earlier calc but the principle is the same. My question is, are you proposing that we use the calc fT value of about 0.010 rather than Crane's 0.017 to calculate the K value of a highly polished L bend? Sorry for the calculation error - it’s nearly midnight here! Harvey Katmar Software Engineering & Risk Analysis Software http://katmarsoftware.com Zapster (Electrical)
18 Dec 06 17:19
Have any of you looked at the “Handbook of Hydraulic Resistance” by I. E. Idelchik? It was m impression that this book was the ultimate reference for calculating flow resistance through fitti Perhaps someone who studied this text might have some comments on how Idelchik handles th issues. pleckner (Chemical)
18 Dec 06 19:55
Yes, CRANE TP410, page 2-10 says that the K values apply to Schedules 40 to 160 but they ar constant at all these schedules. Look again and you will see that Schedule 40 pipe only applies 300 and less; Schedule 80 pipe for Class 400 and 600 and so on. The way I interpret this is that would have to adjust the K value using equation 2-5 for the different internal diameter if you w using a schedule 80 pipe in a Class 300 or less application. For example, 2" pipe, schedule 80 h ID of 1.939" but that same pipe in schedule 40 has an ID of 2.067". If you were using schedule in a Class 150 application, the K value would have to be adjusted accordingly because the K va published for the schedule 40 Class 150 pipe, not the schedule 80 Class 150 pipe; different velo
@katmar: My example is to show how one can manipulate, or try to manipulate absolute roughness to sui type of piping material they have rather than just blindly following the table on A-26 that most do. And yes, for this instance, I don't see anything wrong with using a lower K value for polish stainless steel pipe (actually tubing for bio-pharm use) over clean commercial steel pipe. The f losses will be significantly less for pharma pipe/tubing than for the standard chemical/petrochem industry steel pipe.
BTW, I am doing a project for vegatable oil tank farm expansion and we are using a smaller dia 304 SS pipe than I would normally choose for our flow rates (asked for by the client) because in experience, there is essentially very little effective friction at all, the stuff just glides right down pipe!
vzeos (Mechanical)
22 Dec 06 11:49
There seems to be a good deal of confusion about the relationship and use of the friction factor K-factor. Inspection of equations 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 and 2-4 on page 2-8 of Crane TP 410 (see below should clarify the issue. Equation 2-1, hL = v2/2g, this is the velocity head of a flowing fluid.
Equation 2-2, hL = K v2/2g, this defines the K-factor as the number of velocity heads lost due valve or fitting.
vzeos (Mechanical)
22 Dec 06 11:49
There seems to be a good deal of confusion about the relationship and use of the friction factor K-factor. Inspection of equations 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 and 2-4 on page 2-8 of Crane TP 410 (see below should clarify the issue. Equation 2-1, hL = v2/2g, this is the velocity head of a flowing fluid.
Equation 2-2, hL = K v2/2g, this defines the K-factor as the number of velocity heads lost due valve or fitting. Equation 2-3, hL = (f L/D) v2/2g, this is the Darcy equation. Equation 2-4, K = (f L/D), this is the familiar K-factor equation.
It should be completely evident that the link between the friction factor and the K-factor is esta by virtue of the Darcy equation and that f is the Darcy friction factor. The purpose for inven K-factor and doing this algebraic manipulation is to develop a dimensionless group to be used model scaling and to generalize experimental findings based on a limited number of experimen results. It should be further noted that the friction factor, f, applies only to straight pipe; there friction factor associated with any valve or fitting.
The Darcy friction factor can be obtained using your favorite charts or equations. For the speci of fully developed turbulent flow, fT, which represents the maximum possible friction factor, th Karman Rough Pipe Law should be used, namely 1/√fT = 2Log (3.7D/k) or fT = 1/[2Log (3.7D where k is the pipe roughness. There is no special significance given to the fT values provided A-26. Indeed, the first paragraph on page 2-10 states that these fT values are provided for “convenience.”
K-factor values for valves and fittings are determined experimentally by measuring the head los the valve or fitting during a flow test. Once the K-factor value is determined for a valve or fittin can be equated to a hypothetical pipeline (having particular values for the parameters f, L and, using equation 2-4. The values for the parameters of the hypothetical pipe are not set in stone.
For example: A flow test for a 2” valve produced a pressure loss equal to 3 velocity heads under fully develop turbulent flow. What is the length of 2.067” ID hypothetical pipe that would cause a 3 velocity loss if the hypothetical pipe roughness were 0.0015”? Using the rough pipe law, fT = 1/[2Log (3.7*2.067/0.0015)] 2 = 0.01819 Using Equation 2-4, LT = (3* 2.067)/0.01819 = 340.9” or 28.4 feet LT is the equivalent length of the valve under fully developed turbulent flow. wfn217 (Chemical)
22 Dec 06 12:01
13 Dec 06 8:49
fT. fT is called the friction
13 Dec 06 9:45
lative roughness. Relative eter. 13 Dec 06 10:53 13 Dec 06 10:57 or also a function of 13 Dec 06 11:05 13 Dec 06 12:03
ned by the equation below. D
flow. See Crane TP 410, Page 13 Dec 06 12:16
by geometry, but the equivalet 13 Dec 06 14:45
m the Colebrook-White Colebrook-White equation.
13 Dec 06 15:00
what I consider to be one of nt here. I have seen Crane's lly is a great pity they chose to
13 Dec 06 15:00
what I consider to be one of nt here. I have seen Crane's lly is a great pity they chose to
sed as the fitting size ase was close to the same as ommercial steel pipe o. See Crane Fig 2-14 and
nd with an r/d of 1.5 is given f pipe size. The values may urposes of calculating K
mpression that the K value is be at a particular roughness. compensate for changes in enced by the Reynolds ynolds regime (fully turbulent).
en better for Crane to give the by the values in the table on ve selected J as my symbol )
g is a function only is was an improvement over sizes of fittings, and at the important advance but IMHO othing to remove the
vert the Crane K value to an A-26 (which is based on a ou are using. The Crane xample 4-7 is just plain developed turbulent flow and
alent lengths than with fixed low Reynolds numbers, but so ch get multiplied by the are automatically y Hooper and Darby.
developed turbulent flow and
alent lengths than with fixed low Reynolds numbers, but so ch get multiplied by the are automatically y Hooper and Darby.
13 Dec 06 18:59
ell - of recognition for nd reading through what is put o believe or accept 100% of seem. Everything in
er Crane's Tech Paper #410. values is not only valid, but lass engineering firms agree s companies. To quote one: considered more accurate than at K coefficients are not ivalent lengths, with some understanding/interpreting 2-K or 3-K methods.
14 Dec 06 11:39
sted as L/D in Cameron
14 Dec 06 13:45
lent length (i.e. L/D) instead
e was all about!) then of
e was all about!) then of
the (Constant) used by Crane ber that because Crane nt regime, if you want to get particular case.
14 Dec 06 14:35
14 Dec 06 15:15
or a fitting depends on both n (in which I managed to get
by the fitting size or the via the table on page A-26) ny of the older references
e value is multiplied by the does depend on the fitting r both these factors. This e than K values. It is easier to pe of fitting.
or 3-K method but these are once it is programmed it e equivalent length method.
e than K values. It is easier to pe of fitting.
or 3-K method but these are once it is programmed it e equivalent length method.
14 Dec 06 18:17
as practical as required.
ms - because they are there. n fact whilst reading the post iameters. They had sized the ly going to use a calculated ithout considering the time, (they can't and a smaller
14 Dec 06 20:11
ml
system hydraulcs calculation friction factor for a fitting we are talking about CRANE's methods. The pressure loss of as the pressure loss of a length of the fitting.
methods (three-k perferred) quivalent length of straight
tings are indded somewhat ction factor.
wrong with CRANE's values.
15 Dec 06 5:15
er my intention to suggest that
15 Dec 06 5:15
er my intention to suggest that d turbulent flow. I have copy of Crane 410. Probably d Crane is ideal for this.
their linking of the K value to t this confusion is widespread, e the shortcomings of Crane net right next to my desk.
owever, I disagree with Crane's flow conditions, including end as 0.36. Applying the 3-K lue of 8.3. This means that a if we take 3-K as the method will over-estimate the tion.
drop is due to the reducer, but with the L/D method. Including
ethods are
rect? The L/D and Crane bably adequate for practical
15 Dec 06 6:12
in hydraulics and more xtreme ranges, if you design a essure drops from laminar or reason you need to examine
15 Dec 06 8:01
15 Dec 06 8:01
I agree with you (Katmar) on
o into my file cabinet. 15 Dec 06 9:09
e to do with friction, which lues in Crane from pipe to 15 Dec 06 10:07
ver, about your representation for calculating the total d fittings)”. It is my below) that Crane’s intent nd that the K factor was urbulence. Can you comment
rding the values of Equivalent ive to the friction factor in with flow conditions that ow in the laminar zone, the with this conceptual revision, ms of resistance co-efficient
15 Dec 06 11:22
D method over-estimates the with and confirm pleckner's .
ressure drop in the laminar now understate the pressure pipeline would you rather
nfusion that is caused by the
with and confirm pleckner's .
ressure drop in the laminar now understate the pressure pipeline would you rather
nfusion that is caused by the
d on about this problem so I
15 Dec 06 12:49
e on how they relate the new specifics as to how to apply a valve or fitting is calculated OT f.
me in the zone of complete
plied throughout all flow hese Postings. 16 Dec 06 2:03
ndings brought about by the f the accuracy to which most most of those many digits rivel. Unfortunately, there is significant (and are willing to
18 Dec 06 13:03
or valves and fittings, it then calculate the equivalent
18 Dec 06 13:03
or valves and fittings, it then calculate the equivalent ow.
h on Page A-23. This graph ates into a constant absolute agree that CRANE TP410 how you want to manipulate olished SS pipe I might 0.000005 feet) rather than n also try to interpolate and
e top of Page A-26 are strictly isted on Page 2-10. If one ey should adjust it using
per the reference given by ng using fT for that fitting t above. 18 Dec 06 13:12
calculate Ks, right?
%20For%20Fittings/flowres.htm
18 Dec 06 15:29
60 fittings would have the the top of page A-26 has a ge 2-10 seems to say that the o calculate the velocity head take a look at Figure 2-16 on made. This figure shows the ed. A great deal of license
thod. People want to start as that if you have a 4" fitting of that pipe . That is why I tor that is confusing no dependency on the room for hair splitting here.
made. This figure shows the ed. A great deal of license
thod. People want to start as that if you have a 4" fitting of that pipe . That is why I tor that is confusing no dependency on the room for hair splitting here.
h160 bends gives values on n that involved these fittings I only for the sake of sing the same methods. In my ame. Of course for the same the higher velocity, but not alue from the Crane method length of a football pitch
ate of decrease with size gets ng from the figure on page AA-26, but the fact that Crane my argument that their
e no idea why. As always I e by Larry Simpson and
of polished SS with a Reynolds number of over 100 s you would get an f page A-26. Using the value of 007 = 0.119 and not the 0.28 have I got the wrong end of
18 Dec 06 16:33
g of your example with the umbers are different from my ing that we use the calculated of a highly polished LR
g of your example with the umbers are different from my ing that we use the calculated of a highly polished LR
18 Dec 06 17:19
. E. Idelchik? It was my resistance through fittings. ow Idelchik handles these 18 Dec 06 19:55
s 40 to 160 but they are not e 40 pipe only applies to Class y I interpret this is that you rnal diameter if you were 2" pipe, schedule 80 has an u were using schedule 80 pipe ingly because the K values are 150 pipe; different velocities.
solute roughness to suite the ble on A-26 that most people wer K value for polished rcial steel pipe. The frictional ard chemical/petrochemical
are using a smaller diameter y the client) because in their just glides right down the
22 Dec 06 11:49
e of the friction factor and the ane TP 410 (see below)
velocity heads lost due to a
22 Dec 06 11:49
e of the friction factor and the ane TP 410 (see below)
velocity heads lost due to a
nd the K-factor is established The purpose for inventing a nless group to be used for number of experimental o straight pipe; there is no
quations. For the special case sible friction factor, the k) or fT = 1/[2Log (3.7D/k)] he fT values provided on page are provided for
measuring the head lost due to ned for a valve or fitting it he parameters f, L and, D) by e are not set in stone.
ads under fully developed would cause a 3 velocity head
ow. 22 Dec 06 12:01