Lab Report Assessment Rubrics Faculty: Programme: Course/Code: Experiment Title:
FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING BACHELOR OF CIVIL ENGINEERING WITH HONOURS HYDRAULICS & MECHANIC MATERIALS LABORATORY/ BFC21201 FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL
Assessed by: Section: Student names:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. t n r o r o P. V
CLO 1:
o
ir P
F
o
lel d e o c o
a
x G
E
Explain the results results of hydraulics hydraulics and mechanics mechanics materials experiments based based on relevant standard standard and theories. theories. [PLO4, C2]
Assessment
Report
Presentation
Criteria
Sub-criteria
Level
1
2
3
4
5
Lab work aim/purposes and materials used
Identify the lab purpose
C1
1
List and include all lab materials
C1
1
Use appropriate methodology and results to interpret procedures used
List and include all lab procedures
C1
1
C2
1
Interpret proper results
C2
0.5
Discuss the use of materials and equations
C2
0.5
Development of methodology and assumptions in study
Answer and discuss discuss relevant questions, questions, equations and techniques
Total
CLO 2:
Score
5
Display high quality of technical and interpretation skills in solving solving the assign assign problems. problems. [PLO2, P4]
Assessment
Criteria Perform on-site lab work Discussion on the applications of the lab work with measurement techniques and equations
Report
Presentation
Use/adapt appropriate measurement technique/concept and results
Sub-criteria Descriptions of the lab work needs Correct use of measurement technique and equipments
Level P1
1
2
3
4
5
Weight 0.5
P2
1.5
P2
1.5
Analyse and discuss discuss the data trends and patterns using correct graphs
P3
1.5
Solve the applications of equations with correct and accurate analyses
P3
1
3 sets data measurement for accuracy
P4
0.7
Investigate, discuss and relate the use of lab work with real site situation
P4
0.8
Describe correct and precise data collection
Total
CLO 3:
Weight
Score
7.5
Describe the laboratory testing procedures procedures among among group members throughout the experiments. experiments. [PLO5, A2]
Assessment
Criteria Convey information in group
Report
Presentation
Convey spoken ideas in group
Sub-criteria
Level
1
2
3
4
5
Weight
Format of report follows given format
A1
1.5
Team work: contribution from all members
A1
1.5
Follows the field work instructions
A2
1.5
A2
2
Organisation of group presentation
A2
0.7
Support members in Q&A session
A2
0.3
Demonstrate importance of lab works, able to answers open ended questions
Total
7.5
Total (%) Assessor signature/ signature/ date:
Score
FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY
LABORATORY PAPER INSTRUCTION
Subject Code
BFC 21201
Experiment Code
MKA – 02
Experiment Title
FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL
Section
STUDENTS’ ETHICAL CODE (SEC)
DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA BATU PAHAT, JOHOR
“I declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also declare not receive or give any assistance in preparing this report and make this affirmation in the belief that nothing is in, it is true”
………………………………………. (STUDENT’S SIGNATURE)
NAME
:………………………………
MATRIC NO :………………………………. DATE
:…………………………..…..
*This SEC paper sheet is compulsory to be compiled in the lab report for each student by group
FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
PAGE NO :
1/5
DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
EDITION :
2
REVIEW NO :
2
WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY
EFFECTIVE DATE :
17/05/2005
TITLE : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL
AMENDMENT DATE :
28/02/2016
PART A : THE HYDRAULIC JUMPS 1.0 OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristic of a standing wave (the hydraulic jump) produced when waters beneath an undershot weir and to observe the flow patterns obtained.
2.0
LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the course, students should be able to appl y the knowledge and skills they have learned to: a. Understand the concept and characteristics of hydraulic jump. b. Understand the factors which influence the hydraulic jump.
3.0 THEORY Fluctuating water surface Total head line
H0
H1
y0
Critical depth line yg
Section 0
v1
y1
Section 1
ya
Section a
va
yb
vb
Section b
v3
y3
Section 3
When water flowing rapidly changes to slower tranquil flow, a hydraulic jump or standing wave is produced. This phenomenon can be seen where water shooting under a sluice gate mixes with deeper water downstream. It occurs when a depth less than critical changes to a depth which is greater than critical and must be accompanied by loss of energy. An undular jump occurs when the change in depth is small. The surface of the water undulates in a series of oscillations, which gradually decay to a region of smooth tranquil flow. A direct jump occurs when the change in depth is great. The large amount of energy loss produces a zone of extremely turbulent water before it settles to smooth tranquil flow. By considering the forces acting within the fluid on either side of a hydraulic jump of unit width it can be shown that: 2 vb D H ya yb 2 g 2 g
va
Where,
2
ΔH is
the total head loss across jump (energy dissipated) (m), v a is the mean velocity before
jump (m/s), y a is the depth of flow before hydraulic jump (m), v b is the mean velocity after hydraulic jump (m) and yb is the depth of flow after hydraulic jump (m). Because the working section is short, ya and yb
≈
y3 . Therefore, simplifying the above equation, D H y3 y1
3
4 y1 y3 .
≈
y1
FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
PAGE NO :
2/5 1/5
DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
EDITION :
2
REVIEW NO :
2
WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY
EFFECTIVE DATE :
17/05/2005
TITLE : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL
AMENDMENT DATE :
28/02/2016
4.0 EQUIPMENTS 1. Self-contained Glass Sided Tilting Flume 2. Adjustable Undershot Weir 3. Instrument Carrier 4. Hook and Point Gauge
5.0 PROCEDURES 1. Ensure the flume is level, with the downstream tilting overshot weir, E at the bottom of its travel. Measure and record the actual breadth b (m) of the undershot weir. Install the undershot weir towards the inlet end of the flume and ensure that it is securely clamped in position. 2. Adjust the undershot weir to position the sharp edge of the weir 20 mm above the bed of the channel. Increase the height of the tilting overshot weir until the downstream level just start to rise. 3. Gradually open the flow control valve and adjust the flow until an undular jump is created with small ripple decaying towards the discharge end of the working section. Observe and sketch the flow pattern. 4. Increase the height of water upstream of the undershot weir by increasing the flow rate and increase the height of the tilting overshot weir to create a hydraulic jump in the centre of the working section. Observe and sketch the flow pattern. 5.
Measure and record the values of y1 , y3 , y g and Q . Repeat this for other flow rates Q (upstream head) and heights of the gate y g .
6.0 RESULT AND CALCULATION v1 and
plot dg against
v1
1.
Calculate
2.
Calculate D H / y1 and plot D H / y1 against y3 y1
3.
Calculate y c and verify y1 < yc < y3
FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
PAGE NO :
3/5 1/5
DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
EDITION :
2
REVIEW NO :
2
WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY
EFFECTIVE DATE :
17/05/2005
TITLE : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL
AMENDMENT DATE :
28/02/2016
Channel width, b =..…………..m Table 6.1: The hydraulic Jumps Weir Opening
yg (m)
Upstrea m Flow Depth yo (m)
Flow Depth Above Jump y1 (m)
Flow Depth Below Jump y3 (m)
Flow Rate ΔH
Q (m3/s)
v1
DH
y 3
y1
y1
7.0 QUESTIONS 1.
Verify the force of the stream on either side of the jump is the same and that the specific energy curve predicts a loss equal to D H yc .
2.
Suggest application where the loss of energy in hydraulic jump would be desirable. How is the energy dissipated?
FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
PAGE NO :
4/5 1/5
DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
EDITION :
2
REVIEW NO :
2
WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY
EFFECTIVE DATE :
17/05/2005
TITLE : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL
AMENDMENT DATE :
28/02/2016
PART B : THE FORCE ON A SLUICE GATE 1.0 OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between upstream head and thrust on a sluice gate (undershot weir) for water flowing under the sluice gate.
2.0
LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the course, students should be able to apply the knowledge and skills they have learned to: a. Understand the basic terms and concept of a sluice gate. b. Understand on the characteristics of the force on a sluice gate.
3.0 THEORY It can be shown that the resultant force on the gate is given by the equation,
F g
1 gy 2 y0 1 2
2
y 1 g by 1 1 y . y1 1 0 2
distribution is given by the equation, F H F H is resultant hydrostatic thrust (N),
1 2
The gate thrust for a hydrostatic pressure
g y0
2
y g where, F g is resultant gate thrust (N),
Q is volume flowrate (m/s),
is density of fluid (kg/m 3), g
gravitational constant (9.81 m/s 2), b is breadth of gate (m), y g is height of upstream opening (m), y0 is upstream depth of flow (m) and y1 is downstream depth of flow (m).
4.0 EQUIPMENTS 1. Self-contained Glass Sided Tilting Flume 2. Adjustable Undershot Weir 3. Instrument Carrier 4. Hook and Point Gauge
5.0 PROCEDURES 1. Ensure the flume is level, with the downstream tilting overshot weir at the bottom of its travel. Measure and record the actual breadth b (m) of the undershot weir. Install the undershot weir towards the inlet end of the flume and ensure that it is securely clamped in position. 2. Adjust the undershot weir to set its bottom edge 20 mm above the bed of the channel. 3. Introduce water into the flume until y 0 = 200 mm. With y 0 at this position, take readings for Q and y1 . Raise the undershot weir in increments of 10 mm, maintaining constant y 0 by varying
Q . At each level of the weir, record the values of y g ,
y1 and
Q.
FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
4.
PAGE NO :
5/5 1/5
DEPARTMENT OF WATER & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
EDITION :
2
REVIEW NO :
2
WATER ENGINEERING LABORATORY
EFFECTIVE DATE :
17/05/2005
TITLE : FLOW IN OPEN CHANNEL
AMENDMENT DATE :
28/02/2016
Repeat the procedure with a constant flow Q , allowing y o to vary. Record the values of y o and y1 .
6.0 RESULT AND CALCULATIONS Weir breadth=………………………mm Table 6.1: The force on the sluice gate Weir Opening
y g (m)
Upstream Flow Depth
y o (m)
Downstream Flow Depth
y1 (m)
Flow Rate Q (m3/s)
Gate Thrust
Hydrosatic Thrust
Fg
Fg (N)
FH (N)
FH
y g yo
7.0 QUESTIONS 1.
Plot a graph of the ratio Fg FH against the ratio y g yo .
2. 3.
Comment on the graph obtained. Compare your calculated values for Fg and
4.
What is the effect of flowrate on the results obtained?
FH and
comment on any differences.
Updated by: Dr Hartini binti Kasmin
Approved by: Assoc. Prof. Dr Mohd Adib Mohammad Razi
Signature:
Signature:
Date: 10 September 2017
Date : 10 September 2017
