1. FLOOR FLOOR SYSTE SYSTEM M AND AND SLAB SLAB SYSTEM SYSTEM 1.1
Flat slab
Flat slabs are appropriate for most oor situations and also for irregular column layouts, curved oor shapes, ramps etc. The benets of choosing at slabs include a minimum depth solution, speed of construction, exibility in the plan layout (both in terms of the shape and column layout), a at sot (clean nishes and freedom of layout of services) and scope and space for the use of ying forms.
1.2
Flat plate at plate oor system is a t!o"!ay concrete slab supported directly on columns !ith reinforcement in t!o orthogonal directions (Figure #). $rimarily used in hotels, multi"family residential buildings, and hospitals, this system has the advantages of simple construction and form!or% form!or% and a at ceiling, the latter of !hich reduces ceiling nishing costs, since the architectural nish can be applied directly to the underside of the slab. &ven more signicant are the cost savings associated !ith the lo!"story heights made possible by the shallo! oor system. 'maller vertical runs of cladding, partition !alls, mechanical systems, plumbing, and a large number of other items of construction translate translate to large cost savings, especially for medium and high"rise buildings. oreover, !here the total height of a building is restricted, using a at plate !ill result in more stories accommodated !ithin the set height.
1.3
Ribbed foor slab ibbed oors consisting of e*ually spaced ribs are usually supported directly by columns. They are either one"!ay spanning systems %no!n as ribbed slab or a t!o"!ay t!o" !ay ribbed system %no!n as a !a+e slab. This form of construction is not very common because of the form!or% costs and the lo! re rating.
1.4
a!e slab reinforced concrete slab !ith e*ually spaced ribs parallel to the sides, having a !a+e appearance from belo!.
1."
1.$ 1.(
Li#t slab ift"'lab slab on the
-onstruction is a precast method of construction of ground and then lifting it to the structure. type of precasting used in building construction involves casting oor and roof slabs at or near ground level and lifting them to their nal position, hence the name lift"slab construction. t o/ers many of the advantages of precasting and eliminates many of the storing, handling, and transporting disadvantages.
Spa% stress foor s&ste' Slip #or' 'et)od 'lip form construction is a construction method in !hich concrete is poured into a continuously moving form. 'lip forming is used for tall structures (such as bridges, to!ers, buildings, and dams), as !ell as hori0ontal structures, such as road!ays. 'lip forming enables continuous, non"interrupted, cast"in"place 1a!less1 (i.e. no 2oints) concrete structures !hich have superior performance characteristics to piece!ise construction using discrete form elements. 'lip forming relies on the *uic%"setting properties of concrete, and re*uires a balance bet!een *uic%"setting capacity and !or%ability. -oncrete needs to be !or%able enough to be placed into the form and consolidated
(via vibration), yet *uic%"setting enough to emerge from the form !ith strength. This strength is needed because the freshly set concrete must not only permit the form to 1slip1 by the concrete !ithout disturbing it, but also support the pressure of the ne! concrete as !ell as resist collapse caused by the vibration of the compaction machinery.
2. ALL *ANEL SYSTEM 2.1 Flat t&pe 2.2 Ribbed t&pe 2.3 i%do+ t&pe a%d +all t&pe Tilt,-p +all pa%el s&ste' 3.4
