The Combin Combined ed Advantages Advan tages o Structural Steel & Flat Plate Concrete.
GIRD GIR DER
SLA SL AB
®
COMPOSITE STEEL AND PRECAST SYSTEM
Design Guide v1.4
Developed by Girder-Slab Technologies LLC, the Girder-Slab ®
GIRDER
SLAB
®
System is a steel and precast hybrid, the rst to use precast slabs with an integral steel girder to orm a monolithic structural slab assembly.
COMPOSITE STEEL AND PRECAST SYSTEM
This innovative technology uses proven materials long available within the construction industry. The Girder-Slab System is slated or use in mid to high-rise residential construction. The lightweight assembly develops composite action enabling it to support residential live loads. A special steel beam is used as an interior girder supporting the precast slab on its bottom fange. The web and top fange are concealed within the plane o the slab. The fat structural slab permits minimum and variable foor-to-foor heights. The Girder-Slab System is rated or use in high-rise buildings when constructed in accordance with Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Floor-Ceiling Design (USA) UL K912 and (Canada) ULC J500. The Girder-Slab System in combination with a structural steel rame oers a complete steel and concrete superstructure. Unlike cast-in-place concrete structures, the Girder-Slab System is Assembled-In-Place.
The Girder-Slab System consists o an interior girder (known as an open-web dissymmetric beam or D-Beam ®), and prestressed hollow-core slabs, connected by cementitious grout.
A revolutionary steel-based raming system that oers low oor-to-oor height and unobstructed ceilings. 2
Applications include foor and roo slabs, which are supported
Girder-Slab® System Technology
by a steel rame that resists all gravity and lateral loads. WF
This Assembled-In-Place technology is the rst ever
beams are typically used at spandrel, shat and other conditions.
to use precast slabs with an integral steel girder to orm
Grouting is easily achieved ater slabs are set in place. Grout
a monolithic structural slab assembly. The Girder-Slab
fows through the web openings and into the slab cores and
System consists o an interior girder (known as an
ater curing develops composite action.
open-web dissymmetic beam or D-Beam) supporting
The Girder-Slab System and the open web D-Beam ® technology
precast prestressed hollow core slabs on its bottom
are the result o more than ten years o research and development.
fange. Upon grouting, the Girder-Slab System develops
In order to develop a rational analysis that would maximize the use o this technology, extensive laboratory testing and analysis was undertaken.
composite action enabling it to support residential live loads. Grouting is easily achieved ater slabs are set in place. The Girder-Slab System aords users
This included both small-scale specimens and ull-scale assemblies in order to simulate actual bays. Each assembly was load tested in excess o 100 ps, well above required residential design loads.
advantages never beore available with cast-in-place concrete superstructures. It is lightweight and oers
The D-Beam Girder perormed without ailure.
rapid construction and assembly.
There are two basic D-Beam Girder sections available or use with
Girder-Slab® System Application
8" precast slabs. The DB-8 is used or typical assemblies while
The Girder-Slab System in combination with a
the DB-9 is used or 2" concrete topped assemblies. Depending on
structural steel rame oers a complete steel and
project specics, bay sizes o 20' x 28' are very ecient.
concrete superstructure. It is slated or use in mid to
As a result o extensive testing it was determined that the
high-rise residential structures such as hotels, student
transormed section is equivalent to the steel section illustrated below.
housing, apartments and condominiums. There are two basic D-Beam Girder sections available or use with an 8" thick precast slab. The DB-8 provides an 8" thick slab assembly, while the DB-9 is designed or use with 2" concrete topping resulting in a 10" thick slab. Precast slabs generally span as long as 28'-0". The Girder-Slab System is rated or use in high-rise buildings when constructed in accordance with Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Floor-Ceiling Design (USA) UL K912 and (Canada) ULC J500. The Girder-Slab System greatly improves construction operations and the ability to meet
Equivalent Steel Cross Section o the Transormed Section
critical deadlines.
Reer to the D-Beam Girder Properties table on the ollowing pages along with Girder-Slab System example calculations. Following is a specifcation guide along with suggested structural and architectural details.
3
D-Beam® Dimensions Table Designation
Web Included
Depth
Web
Parent Beam
Weight Avg. Area
d
Thickness t w
Size
a
b
Top Bar w x t
in
in
in x in
lb/t
in2
in
in
DB 8 x 35
34.7
10.2
8
.340
W10 x 49
4
3
3x1
DB 8 x 37
36.7
10.8
8
.345
W12 x 53
2
5
3x1
DB 8 x 40
39.8
11.7
8
.340
W10 x 49
3
3.5
3 x 1.5
DB 8 x 42
41.8
12.3
8
.345
W12 x 53
1
5.5
3 x 1.5
DB 9 x 41
40.7
11.9
9.645
.375
W14 x 61 3.375 5.25
DB 9 x 46
45.8
13.4
9.645
.375
W14 x 61 2.375 5.75 3 x 1.5
Sample System Calculations
3x1
Live load reduction is not incorporated in these examples due to code dierences. The Design Engineer should incorporate the appropriate live load reduction or the most economical design.
DESIGN EXAMPLE — UNTOPPED ❑Plank
DL = 60 ps, partition load = 20 ps, live load = 40 ps
❑Plank
’c = 5 ksi, Grout ’c = 4 ksi
❑8"
Hollow Core Plank Span = 28 t
❑DB
Span = 15'–0
Allowable
LL
= L/360 = (15t)(12 in/t)/360 = 0.50 in
❑DB
8 x 37 Properties:
Steel Section
Transormed Section
IS = 103 in4
I t = 282 in4
S t = 19.7 in3
S t = 63.8 in3
S b = 37.3 in3
S b = 67.7 in3
MScap = 49.0 kt
b = 5 in
t W = 0.345 in
Initial Load — Precomposite
MDL = (28 t)(.06 ks)(15 t)2 /8 = 47.3 kt < 49 kt = DL
D-Beam® Reerence Calculator is Available on Website. www.girder-slab.com
(5)(28 t)(.06 ks)(15 t)4(1728 in3 /t 3) (384)(103 in4)(29,000 k/in2)
OK
= 0.64 in
Total Load — Composite The transormed section carries the superimposed loads and is used to calculate defection.
MSUP = (28 t)(.02 + .04 ks)(15 t) 2 /8 = 47.3 kt M TL = 47.3 kt + 47.3 kt = 94.6 kt SREQ = (94.6 kt)(12 in/t) / (0.60)(50 k/in2) = 37.8 in3 < 63.8 in3 = SUP
(5)(28 t)(.02 + .04 ks)(15 t) 4 (1728 in3 /t 3) (384)(282 in4)(29,000 k/in2)
OK
= 0.23 in < 0.50 in
OK
Check Superimposed Compressive Stress on Concrete Transormed steel section must be converted to concrete section.
N value =
E steel E concrete
=
29,000 ksi 57,000 (4,000 psi)1/2
=
3
C = (47.3 kt)(12 in/t) / (513 in ) = 1.11 ksi
29,000 ksi 3,605 ksi
. = 8.04 . . S tc = 8.04 (63.8 in3) = 513 in3
F C = (0.45)(4 ksi) = 1.80 ksi > 1.11 ksi
OK
Check Bottom Flange Tension Stress (Total Load)
b =
(47.3 kt)(12 in/t) + (47.3 kt)(12 in/t) 37.3 in3
67.7 in3
F b = 0.9 (50 ksi) = 45 ksi > 23.6 ksi
= 15.2 ksi + 8.4 ksi = 23.6 ksi
OK
Check Shear
Total load = (60 + 20 + 40 ps) = 120 ps
V = (25.2 k) / (0.345 in)(5 in) = 14.6 ksi
w = (0.12 ks)(28 t) = 3.36 k/t
F V = 0.4 (50 ksi) = 20 ksi > 14.6 ksi
R = (3.36 k/t)(15 t) /2 = 25.2 k
4
OK
D-Beam® Properties Table Steel Only / Web Ignored Designation
S bot S top
Transormed Section / Web Ignored Allowable Moment Fy=50 KSI b=0.6 Fy
Ix
C bot
C top
Ix
C bot
C top
S bot S top
in4
in
in
in3
in3
kt
in4
in
in
in3
in3
DB 8 x 35
102
2.80
5.20
36.5
19.7
49
279
4.16
4.40
67.1
63.5
DB 8 x 37
103
2.76
5.24
37.3
19.7
49
282
4.16
4.42
67.7
63.8
DB 8 x 40
122
3.39
4.61
36.1
26.5
66
289
4.26
4.30
67.9
67.2
DB 8 x 42
123
3.35
4.65
36.9
26.5
66
291
4.26
4.32
68.4
67.5
DB 9 x 41
159
3.12
6.51
51.0
24.4
61
332
4.27
5.35
77.7
62.1
DB 9 x 46
195
3.84
5.79
50.8
33.7
84
356
4.43
5.20
80.6
68.6
Sample System Calculations DESIGN EXAMPLE — 2" Concrete Topping ❑Plank
DL = 60 ps, partition load = 20 ps, live load = 40 ps
❑ Topping ❑Plank ❑8"
❑DB
= 25 ps, installed ater grout has cured
’c = 5 ksi, Grout ’c = 4 ksi
Hollow Core Plank Span = 28 t
❑DB
Span = 15'–0
Allowable
LL
= L/360 = (15t)(12 in/t)/360 = 0.50 in
9 x 41 Properties:
Steel Section
Transormed Section
IS = 159 in4
I t = 332 in4
S t = 24.4 in3
S t = 62.1 in3
S b = 51.0 in3
S b = 77.7 in3
Mscap = 61.0 kt
b = 5.25 in
t W = 0.375 in
Initial Load — Precomposite
MDL = (28 t)(.06 ks)(15 t)2 /8 = 47.3 kt < 61 kt 4
DL
=
3
OK
3
(5)(28 t)(.06 ks)(15 t) (1728 in /t ) (384)(159 in4)(29,000 k/in2)
= 0.42 in
Total Load — Composite The transormed section carries the superimposed loads and is used to calculate defection.
MSUP = (28 t)(.02 + .04 + 0.025 ks)(15 t) 2 /8 = 66.9 kt M TL = 47.3 kt + 66.9 kt = 114.2 kt SREQ = (114.2 kt)(12 in/t)/(0.60)(50 k/in 2) = 45.7 in3 < 62.1 in3 4
SUP
=
3
(5)(28 t)(.02 + .04 + 0.025 ks)(15 t) (1728 in /t ) (384)(332 in4)(29,000 k/in2)
OK
3
= 0.28 in < 0.50 in
OK
Check Compressive Stress on Concrete Transormed steel section must be converted to concrete section.
N value =
E steel E concrete
=
29,000 ksi 57,000 (4,000 psi)1/2
=
C = (66.9 kt)(12 in/t) / (499 in 3) = 1.61 ksi
29,000 ksi 3,605 ksi
. = 8.04 . . S tc = 8.04 (62.1 in3) = 499 in3
F C = (0.45)(4 ksi) = 1.80 ksi > 1.61 ksi
OK
Check Bottom Flange Tension Stress (Total Load)
b =
(47.3 kt)(12 in/t) + (66.9 kt)(12 in/t) 51.0 in3
= 11.1 ksi + 10.3 ksi = 21.4 ksi
77.7 in3
F b = 0.9 (50 ksi) = 45 ksi > 21.4 ksi
OK
Check Shear
Total load = (60 + 20 + 40 + 25 ps) = 145 ps
V = (30.50 k) / (0.375 in)(5.25 in) = 15.5 ksi
w = (0.145 ks)(28 t) = 4.06 k/t
F V = 0.4 (50 ksi) = 20 ksi > 15.5 ksi
R = (4.06 k/t)(15 t) /2 = 30.5 k
OK
5
• The grouting process is easily
• Allows aster access or the work o
perormed with a ew tradesmen.
other trades. Coring o slabs or utilities
The cement grout is liqueed and
is easier and permits nal adjustment.
pumped through a hose. Workers puddle the grout in order to ll in the voids and slab cores.
• Unlike cast-in-place concrete structures, the Girder-Slab System is Assembled-In-Place.
• The underside o slab is ready made or ceiling nish.
• The innovative D-beam Girder was designed to allow the precast slab to set on its bottom fange concealing its top fange and web. No ormwork or shoring is needed. • The underside o slab is ree o support beams providing a fat surace or ducts and piping systems. Minimum ceiling heights o 8'-0" are easily attained. A sample D-Beam® Girder used or testing is ully encapsulated by hardened grout.
For the frst time ever. A new steel and precast concrete raming system that gives you low oor-to-oor height. 6
Girder-Slab® System Availability
• Ater grouting, the slab is complete and ready or use. Finish foor preparation work can take place beore or
The application and use o the Girder-Slab System
ater interior walls.
technology requires design by a registered proessional engineer or architect. This Design-Guide provides all required engineering inormation and is available or use by industry proessionals.
• Precast slabs can be set in place in nearly
The Girder-Slab System and D-Beam Girder are
any climate condition including reezing
distributed and assembled solely by steel contractors
temperatures.
authorised by Girder-Slab Technologies LLC o NJ, the exclusive Distributor Representative in North America. Contact your preerred steel contractors or budgeting, proposals and system availability.
Girder-Slab® System Benefts • Low foor-to-foor heights, minimize building height
• Ater slabs are set, grout is easily placed fowing around the D-beam and through its
• Super-ast structure and building completion
trapezoidal shape web openings and into the
• Reduced building structure weight
slab cores.
• Floor plan design fexibility • Limited weather impact (including cold climates) • Structure assembly is one process, one source • Integrates well with mixed use spaces below • Meets AISC tolerance standards • Meets re code ratings using UL K912 • Meets re code rating in Canada, ULC J500
See web site FAQ or additional grouting methods
• Meets required sound (STC) ratings • Limited on-site labor • Reduced on-site overhead costs • Eliminates/reduces sots • Factory made quality components
Precast slabs readily drop in place. The D-Beam® Girder sel centers each slab.
Detail o GWB ceiling under PCP.
7
Girder-Slab® System Specifcation Guide 1. The open web Dissymmetric Beam shall be abricated rom (ASTM A992/A572 Grade 50) standard steel wide fange
9. Comply with all applicable provisions o the ollowing standards and codes:
sections with fat bar at top-fange and shall meet AISC
• Girder-Slab Technologies LLC Design-Guide
standards (except or depth, tolerance ± 1/8"), unpainted
• American Institute o Steel
unless specied. The open web Dissymmetric Beam can be
Construction (AISC)
specied to include camber. Cambering can be built in
• American Welding Society (AWS)
during assembly o the girder.
• Precast Concrete Institute (PCI) • American Concrete Institute (ACI)
2. I the structural engineer o record determines that shoring o the pre-composite assembly is needed, leave in place until grout attains required strength. 3. Precast prestressed concrete hollow core slab units (min. 5,000 PSI) shall be in 4 or 8 oot widths and shall meet PCI standards and tolerances, 2" min. bearing unless specied otherwise. Open the top o each slab core or proper grout placement and inspection. 4. Reinorcing steel (ASTM A615 Grade 60) shall be placed through the Dissymmetric Beam web openings and into slab cores.
• American Society o Testing and Materials (ASTM) • Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) - Fire Resistance Directory UL K912 ULC J500 • Building Ocials and Code Administrators International Inc. (BOCA) - National Building Code • International Code Council Inc. (ICC) - International Building Code • Other applicable codes and standards
The Girder-Slab System design-Guide and the patented technology is available or use by industry proessionals.
5. Cementitious grout (min. 4,000 PSI) shall be placed monolithically around and through the Dissymmetric Beam
Application and use o this inormation requires design by a registered proessional engineer or architect.
web openings and into slab cores lled solid or a minimum o 8", level to the slab surace with 9/16" min. average
The Girder-Slab System and D-Beam Girder are available
thickness over the top-fange (exceptions may apply i using
competitively rom your preerred steel contractors.
concrete topping). When concrete topping is used, attain specied strength o grout prior to placement.
Fabrication, construction and assembly shall be in conormance with the Design-Guide specifcations &
6. The Girder-Slab System shall be constructed in accordance with Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Floor-Ceiling Assembly Design No. K912 in order to meet re classication
details, and distribution requirements o Grider-Slab Technologies LLC o New Jersey.
standards and ratings set orth by BOCA and ICC codes. 7. The Girder-Slab System and D-Beam Girders shall be distributed and assembled by steel contractors authorized by Girder-Slab Technologies LLC o NJ in conormance with its Design-Guide & Distribution requirements. Steel Contractor/Distributor contact inormation: 1-888-478-1100 or www.girder-slab.com. 8. The Distributor o the Girder-Slab System shall provide to the Project Owner (or its representative) a Girder-Slab Compliance Certicate or each project upon completion o system assembly and construction.
8
The D-Beam abrication process begins with a WF section, uniquely cut to produce two D-Beam Girders without waste.
www.girder-slab.com
Typical System Structural Details CHECK WEBSITE CASE STUDIES FOR PROJECT SPECIFIC DESIGN EXAMPLES
S1
REVIEW WEBSITE FAQ. CAD DETAILS ARE AVAILABLE.
S3
S2 OPEN
OPEN
9
Typical System Structural Details S4
S5
OPEN
SLAB NOT SHOWN FOR CLARITY
PRECAST SLAB
" 8
BOTTOM OF DB WF
TYPICAL SECTION: 8" GIRDER-SLAB ® SYSTEM BEARING ON WF BEAM ENG. NOTE: REVIEW UNBRACED LENGTH OF BEAM
DB9 TOP FLANGE WILL BE ABOVE THE SLAB.
ENG. NOTE: CHECK WEB FOR SHEAR RE INF.
S6
S7
/
S8 TO BE USED WHEN NO SPANDREL BEAM AND SLAB DIAPHRAGM SPAN > 30'–0".
3/8" STIFFENER PLATE @ 7'–0" o/c
WELD PLATE + ANCHOR @ 4'–0" o/c
L5x5x5/16 x 0'–6" GROUT SOLID
" 8
1/2"
10
Typical System Structural Details S10
S9
AT ELEVATOR DOOR SILL BEAM
S11
WALL CONSTR.
FILL CORE @ ANCHOR PLATES
S12
PRECAST SLAB
8" PRECAST PLANK
HSS
" 8
WELD PLATE + ANCHORS
3/8" THICK WELD PLATE + ANCHORS L4x3x3/8 (LLH)
WF
PRECAST SLAB SUPPORT DETAIL
TYPICAL SECTION: 8" PRECAST SLAB LONGITUDINAL BEARING ON WF SPANDREL BEAM
S13
S14 WF COLUMN
NOTCH SLAB @ COL.
GUSSET PLATE
DB BEYOND
HSS
HSS
PRECAST SLAB
PACKING TO ELIMINATE GROUT FLOW 1/8" PLATE (CONC. POUR STOP)
PACKING TO ELIMINATE GROUT FLOW TACK
TYPICAL SECTION THRU WF COLUMN AT GROUT POUR STOP TYPICAL BRACING CLEAR OF PLANK
11
Typical System Structural Details S15
CAP PLATE
END P L SHEAR CONNECTION PER AISC
4"
8" FB
WT8
SEE S16 DB
Pc. WF HSS
WF COLUMN
ENG. NOTE: CHECK WEBSITE TECHNICAL BULETINS FAQ ON CONNECTION DESIGN
ALTERNATE D-BEAM CONNECTIONS TO WF COLUMNS
S17
S16
VIEW
12
Typical System Architectural Details A1
A2
A3
A4
CHECK WEBSITE CASE STUDIES FOR PROJECT SPECIFIC DESIGN EXAMPLES REVIEW WEBSITE FAQ. CAD DETAILS ARE AVAILABLE. 13
Fire Resistance Inormation Fire Resistance Rating — ANSI/UL 263 Design No. K912 April 19, 2001 Restrained Assembly Ratings — 3 Hr. Unrestrained Assembly Ratings — 2 Hr. Unrestrained Beam Ratings — 2 Hr.
5. Runner Channel — Fabricated rom 25 MSG galv. steel, min. 1/2" deep, with 1" legs, astened to steel beam with XZF powder actuated pins spaced 12" OC.
6. Gypsum Board* — 1/2" or 5/8" thick gypsum board astened to runner channels with 1" long, 0.150" diameter steel screws spaced 16" OC.
7. Corner Bead — Fabricated rom min. 28 MSG galv. 1. Steel Beam — Composite dissymmetric steel beam abricated rom structural steel members in accordance with the Specication or the Design, Fabrication and Erection o Structural Steel or Buildings, published by the American Institute o Steel Construction. The steel beam, with an open web, has a 34.7 lb./t. min. weight. The beam consists o the bottom fange and partial web o a min. W10(x)49 with a bar welded to the web that serves as the top fange. Top bar min. dimensions o 1"x3", a min. overall beam depth o 8" and a min. average cross-section are o 10.2 in 2.
2. Concrete Topping — (Optional or unrestrained rating) — 3,000 PSI compressive strength, 150 (+ or -) 3 PCF unit weight. Normal weight concrete. Min. 1-1/8" thickness required or 3 hr. Restrained Assembly Rating.
3. Precast Concrete Units* — Carbonate, siliceous or lightweight aggregate. Min. 8" thick by 4' or 8' wide units with cross section similar to that shown or Design No. J952. Openings may be provided through the units or piping, ducts or similar services and should be suitably enclosed with constructions having at least equal resistance, acceptable to authorities having jurisdiction. Units have a min. 1-1/2" bearing on the bottom fange o Item 1.
steel to orm an angle with 1-1/4" legs. Legs perorated with 1/4" diameter holes approximately 1" OC. Attached to runner channel through gypsum board with 1" long, 0.150" diameter steel screws spaced 16" OC.
8. Joint Compound — (Not shown) 1/32" thick on bottom and sides o wallboard rom corner beads and eathered out. Paper tape embedded in joint compound over joints with edges o compound eathered out.
9. Spray-Applied Fire Resistive Material*— As an alternate to Item 5 through 8, the bottom fange o the steel beam may be protected with a spray applied re resistive material. Applied in one coat to a nal untamped thickness o 3/8" to steel suraces which are ree o dirt, oil or scale. Min. average untamped density o 13 PCF with min. ind. untamped density o 11 PCF or Types II and D-C/F. Min. average and min. ind. untamped densities o 22 and 19 PCF, respectively, or Type HP. or Type I, min. average density o 15 PCF with min. ind. value o 12 PCF. ISOLATEK INTERNATIONAL — Type D-C/F, HP, I or II, Type EBS or Type X Adhesive/Sealer optional. *Bearing the UL Classication Mark. Summarized rom UL #K912. Please reer to the current online Certifcations Direct ory.
4. Grout — Sand-cement grout (3,500 PSI min. compressive strength). Min. average thickness o 9/16"
For Applications in Canada, see ULC J500.
above top bar. Hollow cores in precast concrete units grouted 6" min. rom beam web. Check current UL Directory or modications or updates.
14
Column Spacing at 22 Feet
PCP Openings Were Prepared in the Factory
Unlimited Access or Building Systems
Connection Fit-Up
D-Beam® Bottom Flange with Fire Resistive Material
Views o Tree Connection, Seated Connection & Temporary Tie Beam
American Institute o Steel Construction, Inc.
2007 Special Achievement Award “For the development and production o the Girder-Slab System and its positive impact on the steel construction industry.” 15
© 2007 Taylor Photo
University o Medicine and Dentistry Student Housing Newark, NJ
North Beach Condominiums Asbury Park, NJ
Courtyard Marriot Gaithersburg, MD
East Residential Hall Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
Bell Tower, East Campus Student Housing Duke University, Durham, NC
GIRDER
SLAB
®
COMPOSITE STEEL AND PRECAST SYSTEM
GIRDER - SLAB TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
856.424.7880 Tel • 856.424.6880 Fax • 888.478.1100 Toll Free • www.girder-slab.com
For more examples of completed and under-construction projects, consult the web site at www.girder-slab.com. Girder-Slab and D-Beam are trademarks o Girder-Slab Technologies LLC. The Girder-Slab System and D-Beam Girder are protected under United States, Mexican and Canadian Patents with International Patents pending. COPYRIGHT 2002-2008 GIRDER-SLAB TECHNOLOGIES, LLC
