FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEETS COURSE CODE
BNP
EXPERIMENT CODE
EXPERIMENT 2
EXPERIMENT TITLE
AGGREGATE SHAPE TEST (FLAKINESS INDEX & ELONGATION INDEX)
DATE GROUP NO. (1) LECTURER/ INSTRUCTOR (2) DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION
RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP
COMMENTS:
TOTAL MARK (FROM RUBRIC ASSESSMENT)
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY LABORATORY RUBRIC ASSESSMENT
1. CLO: Organize comprehensive design and execution procedures for highway as well as highway and traffic laboratory and in situ measurements with practical considerations (PLO2P,P5; Project); (PLO2- P4) – 10% Level of Achievement
Elements
Very Weak 1
Equipment / Tools Choose the suitable equipment/ tool s Experiment Display a good handling and understanding of Experiment
Weak 2
Respond to Q&A Respond and answer to the question accordingly.
Good 4
Excellen t 5
Major mistakes while using equipment/ tools
Minor mistakes while using equipment / tools
No mistakes while using equipment/ tools, but not comfortable
Students are comfortable with the equipment/ tool s
All procedure s are missing
Major procedures are missing
Some procedures are missing
Most of the procedures are followed correctly
Procedures are followed correctly
All data are missing or incorrect
Most data are missing or incorrect
Most data are correctly taken, no missing data
Minimum ability to respond and answer to the question.
Limited ability to answer and sometimes do not match the question.
Major flaws to criteria, 10 minutes late
Minor flaws to criteria, 5 minutes late
Mishandling the equipment/ tools
Measurement Measure and taking data with efficiency
Modest 3
Able to respond and answer constructivel y most of the time.
All data are taken but minor data are incorrect
Able to respond and answer constructivel y at all times.
All data are correctly taken
Unable to respond and answer to the question accordingly.
Level
Weight
Score
P4
/20
5
/25
5
/25
P3
3
/15
P2
3
/15
P1
P4
P4
Disciplines Show the good discipline by follows the rules below; -Dress Code -Lab Regulations & Safety
Minor flaws Conform to to dress code dress code, minor flaw and safety to safety
Conform to all criteria
STUDENT CODE OF ETHICS
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
I hereby declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also admit to not accept or provide any assistance in preparing this report and anything that is in it is true.
1) Group Leader Name : Matrix No. :
__________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________
(Signature)
2) Group Member 1 Name : Matrix No :
___________________________________ (Signature) ___________________________________ ___________________________________
3) Group Member 2 Name : Matrix No. :
__________________________________ (Signature) __________________________________ __________________________________
4) Group Member 3 Name : Matrix No. :
__________________________________ (Signature) __________________________________ __________________________________
1.0
OBJECTIVES To determine the flakiness and elongation indices of the given aggregate sample.
2.0
LEARNING OUTCOMES a. FLAKINESS INDEX - Measure the percentage of aggregate which passing the thickness gauge - Correlate the flakiness index with the allowable shape of aggregate
b. ELONGATION INDEX - Measure the percentage of aggregate which not passing the particular length gauge - Correlate the elongation index with the allowable length of aggregate
3.0
INTRODUCTION The particle shape of aggregates is determined by the percentages of flaky and elongation particles. Flaky and elongation particles are considered undesirable as they cause weakness of the pavement. Rounded aggregates are preferred in cement concrete pavements as the workability of concrete improves. Regular shapes of particles are desirable for granular base course due to increased stability desired from better interlocking. When the shape of aggregates deviates more from the spherical shape, as in the case of angular, flaky and elongation aggregate the void content increase and hence the grain size distribution of the
aggregates has to be suitable altered in order to obtain minimum voids in the dry mix on the maximum density.
4.0
FLAKINESS INDEX Aggregate particles are classified as flaky when they have a thickness (smallest dimension) of less than 0.6 of their mean sieve size. The flakiness index of an aggregate sample is found by separating the flaky particles and expressing their mass as a percentage of the mass of the sample tested. This test is not applicable to aggregate passing 6.30mm sieve and retained as 63.0 mm sieve.
Instruments /Apparatus / Chemical / Reagents
1. Metal thickness gauge (Figure 1.0) 2. Test sieve, balance, trays, ect.
Figure 1.0 Shape Test Apparatus
Procedure 1. The sieve sample with sieves mentioned in Table 7.1. Weight each of the individual size fraction (w1, w2, w3…..)retained on these sieve, other than the 63.0 mm sieve and store them in separate trays marked with their size. 2. Gauge each fraction from the respective slots in the thickness gauge weigh pieces which pass through the slots (x1, x2, x3…..ect. Results Calculations Flakiness index =
X1+ X2+X3+……..
X 100
W1+W2+W3+…….. Where x1, x2,…etc. are the weight of the fractions passing from the thickness gauge. W1, w2 …ect are the weight of the original sample retained as the corresponding sieve
5.0
ELONGATION INDEX Aggregate particles are classified as elongation when they have a length (greatest dimension) of
more than 1.8 of their mean sieve size. The elongation index is found by separating the elongation particles and expressing their mess as a percentage of the mass of sample tested. The test is not applicable to material passing 6.30 mm sieve or retained on 50 mm sieve. Apparatus 1. Metal length gauge 2. Sieve 3. Balance 4. Tray Procedure 1. Sieve the sample with sieve mentioned in table (3) weight each of the individual size fractions (w1, w2, w3…. Retained on these sieves other than the 50.0 mm sieve
2.Gauge each fraction as follows, select the length gauge appropriate to the single fraction under test and gauge each particle separately by hand. Elongated particles are those whose greates dimension prevent them from passing through the gauge. Weigh each fraction which doesn’t pass through the gauge (y1, y2, …ect) Calculation and Results
Elongation Index =
y1+ y2+y3+…….. W1+W2+W3+……..
X 100
Where: y1, y2, y3, ….weight of the fractions not passing through the length gauge w1, w2, w3, ….are the weight of the original sample on the corresponding sieve
Aggregate Shape Test Size of aggregate Passing through Retained on IS IS sieve, mm sieve, mm
Width of the friction contesting of at last 200 piece, g
Weight on aggregate in each fraction passing thickness gauge, g
Weight on aggregate in each fraction retained on
1 63 50 37.5 28 20 14 10
Total
2 50 37.5 28 20 14 10 6.3
3 W1mm…. W2mm…. W3mm…. W4mm…. W5mm…. W6mm…. W7mm….
4 X1mm…. X2mm…. X3mm…. X4mm…. X5mm…. X6mm…. X7mm….
length gauge, g 5 Y1mm…. Y2mm…. Y3mm…. Y4mm…. Y5mm…. Y6mm…. Y7mm….
Flakiness index =
X1+ X2+X3+……..
X 100
W1+W2+W3+…….. Elongation Index =
y1+ y2+y3+…….. W1+W2+W3+……..
X 100
Table 2 data for Determination of Flakiness Index
Aggregate Size Fraction BS test sieve nominal aperture size 100% passing mm 63.0 50.0 37.5 28.0 20.0
100% passing mm 50.0 37.5 28.0 20.0 14.0
Width of slot in thickness Gauge or special sieve
Minimum mass for subdivision
mm 33.9 ± 0.3 26.3 ± 0.3 19.7 ± 0.3 14.4 ± 0.15 10.2 ± 0.15
kg 50 35 15 5 2
14.0 10.0
10.0 7.2 ± 0.1 6.3 4.9 ± 0.1 This dimension is equal to 0.6 times the mean test sieve size
1 0.5
Table 3 data for Determination of Elongation Index
Aggregate Size Fraction
Width of slot in
Minimum mass for
BS test sieve nominal aperture size 100% passing mm 50.0 37.5 28.0 20.0 14.0 10.0
100% passing mm 37.5 28.0 20.0 14.0 10.0 6.3
thickness Gauge or special sieve
subdivision
mm 78.7 ± 0.3 59.0 ± 0.3 43.2 ± 0.15 30.6 ± 0.15 21.6 ± 0.2 14.7 ± 0.2
kg 35 15 5 2 1 0.5
This dimension is equal to 1.8 times the mean test size.
REFERENCES British Standards Methods of determination of particle shape BS 812, Part 105, 1989. Kenneth N. derucher and George P .Korfiatis, Material for civil and highway engineers, Prentice Hall, NJ 2nd edition,1988. Harold N. Attkins, Highway materials, soils and concretes, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, 1990.
6.0
RESULT & ANALYSIS
Summary of Flakiness & Elongation Index Test (BS 812 Part: III) Passing Sieve (mm) 63 50 37.5 28
Retained Sieve (mm)
Sample (gm)
Passing (gm)
Retained (gm)
Flakiness Index
Elongation Index
20 14 10
7.0
DISCUSSIONS
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Prepared by/Disediakan oleh :
Approved by/Disahkan oleh :
Signature/Tandatangan : Name/Nama : DR. NOR HASLINA HASHIM
Signature/Tandatangan : Name/Nama : ASSOC. PROF DR. SURAYA HANI ADNAN
Date/Tarikh :
FEBRUARY 2015 Date/ Date/Tarikh : FEBRUARY 2015