d.
Ans. a.
2. The … tag is used to make a text ___________________. a. Italics c. Bold
b. Underline d. Le Aligned
Ans. c. Bold
3. If the ALIGN aribute of the paragraph tag is missing then default alignment for the paragraph tag would be ___________________. a. JUSTIFY c. RIGHT
b. CENTER d. LEFT
Ans. d. LEFT
4. The number of header elements that can be used in a HTML le is ___________________. a. 3 b. 4 c. 5
d. 6
Ans. d. 6
5. The default font for a page should be provided using ___________________ tag. a. FONT b. BASEFONT c. DEFAULTFONT
d. none of these
Ans. b. BASEFONT
6. Which one of the following is an empty tag? a. b. c.
d. Ans. c.
7. Which of the following tag is used to change the default font of a web page? a. FONT c. BASEFONT
b. DEFAULTFONT d. FONTFACE
Ans. c. BASEFONT
31
8. Which of the following is not true for the
tag? a. It draws a horizontal line of certain width. b. The default alignment of
tag is CENTER. c. The width of the horizontal rule cannot be changed. d. The height of the horizontal rule can be changed. Ans. c. The width of the horizontal rule cannot be changed.
9. Which of the following of the
tag is used to create a horizontal rule without any shading? a. TRANSPARENT b. SHADENO c. NOFILL
d. NOSHADE
Ans. d. NOSHADE
10. What should be the value of the ALIGN aribute that aligns both the le and right margin? a. LEFT b. RIGHT c. CENTER d. JUSTIFY Ans. d. JUSTIFY
B. Fill in the blanks. 1. The SIZE aribute of the HR tag is used to specify the height. 2. The NOSHADE aribute of the
tag is used to draw a horizontal rule without a shade.
3. The default alignment of a paragraph is LEFT. 4. There are six header elements that are used to provide headers in varied text sizes based on the header level. 5. The U tag is used to underline a text.
6. The tag is used to make text Bold. 7. The header tag has the largest font in terms of size. 8. The JUSTIFY alignment gives a proporonate le and right margin. 9. The WIDTH aribute of the
tag allows you to draw a horizontal line with lesser width. 10. The COLOR aribute of the
tag is used to render a horizontal rule with a colour as specied in this aribute.
C. True (T) or False (F). 1. You cannot change the default colour of the default font in html.-F 2. The FONT tag is used to specify the base font for the document to use.-F 3. You cannot change the size of a font in html.-F 4. The HR tag is used to force a line break in HTML.-F 5. The BODY tag is an empty tag.-F 6. You cannot change the default font of a page.-F 32
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)
7. The TRANSPARENCY aribute of the
tag is used to draw a horizontal rule without any shade.-F 8. The alignment of a paragraph is by default right-aligned.-F 9. There are six dierent levels of header tags.-T 10. The tag always supersedes the tag.-T
D. Answer the following. 1. Name any three aributes of the FONT tag and its use. Ans. The 3 aributes of the FONT tag are:
SIZE: It is used to specify the size of the font to be displayed. COLOR: It is used to specify the colour of the font to be displayed. FACE: It is used to specify the font to be used to display the text. 2. What is the dierence between FONT and BASEFONT tags? Ans. The BASEFONT tag is used to specify the base font for the document to use. This base font is applied to complete document. Thus when the FONT tag is not used the aributes specied by the BASEFONT is shown by default.
Thus the font specied with the tag is applied through out the page unless superseded by the tag.
3. Why is the
tag called an empty tag? Ans. The
tag is called an empty tag because it does not have the closing tag.
4. Name any three aributes of the
tag and their use. Ans. The 3 aributes of the
tag are:
SIZE: The SIZE aribute of the horizontal tag is used to specify the height of a horizontal rule in pixels. WIDTH: The WIDTH aribute of the horizontal tag is used to specify the width of the horizontal rule in pixel or percentage. ALIGN: The ALIGN aribute of the
tag is generally used to align the horizontal rule either at the LEFT, RIGHT or CENTER. 5. Explain the signicance of the NOSHADE aribute of the
tag. Ans. The NOSHADE aribute of the
tag is used to draw a horizontal rule without a shade unlike which by default produces a shaded horizontal rule.
6. What are the tags used to emphasize text in HTML? Ans. The tag is used to change the text to bold. The tag is used to change the text to italics. The tag is used to underline the tag enclosed text.
More Elements in HML
33
7. What are Headers? Write the header tag to display a level 2 heading “Computer” which should be center aligned. Ans. Headers are a simple form of text formang that allows us to give a heading to a page or headings to a new secon or subsecon of a page. The six header elements (H1 through H6) are used to provide headers in varied text sizes based on the header level.
Computer
8. Write the tags required for displaying the following: a. This text is normal whereas this is in bold. b. This is in italics whereas this is underlined. c. This text is underlined as well as bold. d. This text is underlined. But this text is in bold. Ans.
a. This text is normal whereas this is in bold. b. This is in italics whereas this is underlined. c. This text is underlined as well as bold. d. This text is underlined.
But this text is in bold.
9. What is ![]()
tag used for? Ans. The ![]()
tag denes an image in an HTML page. The ![]()
tag has two required aributes: src and alt. Note: Images are not technically inserted into an HTML page, images are linked to HTML pages. The ![]()
tag creates a holding space for the referenced image.
10. What do you understand by the terms ‘subscript’ and superscript? Ans. The superscript feature is used to raise a character or group of characters above a line of text on the web page and in subscript is used to lower a character or group of characters below a line of text on a web page. The … tag is used for superscripng and … is used for subscripng.
Applicaon Oriented Quesons Observe the following web page and write the HTML code to generate it.
34
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)
HTML HTML stands for Hyper-Text Mark-up language. It is a computer language which is devised for website creaon. These websites can be viewed by anyone else connected to the Internet with a browser. It was developed in the year 1990 by scienst Sir Timothy John ‘Tim’ Berners-Lee of England. This is an example of Bookman Old Style of font size 14.
This is an example of Bold Text. This text is in italics but right aligned.
This text is centered, underlined and bold. Note the following points while generang the web page:
Title of the page should be “Basic HTML Examples”.
The default font style for the page should be “Times New Roman” of size 12 and BLUE in colour.
The text “HTML stands for … of England” should be dened in a paragraph of GREEN colour and should be having JUSTIFY alignment.
The Horizontal Rule should be RED in colour of height 2.
The 4 lines just aer the horizontal rule should be discrete lines (i.e. not in a paragraph) but with line break having the following characteriscs: • The rst line should be le aligned and should have the font style as “Bookman Old Style” of size 14 and MAGENTA in colour. • The second line should be le aligned but bold text in default font. • The third line should be in italics but right aligned with the “Bookman Old Style” font. • The fourth line should be bold and underlined and should have the alignment centered.
Ans.
Basic HTML Examples HTML
More Elements in HML
35
HTML stands for Hyper-Text Mark-up language. It is a computer language which is devised for website creaon. These websites can be viewed by anyone else connected to the Internet with a browser. It was developed in the year 1990 by scienst Sir Timothy John ‘Tim’ Berners-Lee of England.
This is an example of Bookman Old Style of font size 14.
This is an example of Bold Text.
This text is in italics but right aligned.
This text is centered, underlined and bold.
36
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)
7 Lists, Tables and Anchors in HTML A. MCQs. 1. What are the dierent types of list that can be created in HTML? a. Unordered List b. Ordered List c. Denion List d. All of these Ans. d. All of these
2. Which among the following list displays symbols as bullets for the list? a. Unordered List c. Denion List
b. Ordered List d. All of these
Ans. a. Unordered List
3. Which among the following is not used as symbol for Unordered List? a. Square c. Circle
b. Rectangle d. Disc
Ans. b. Rectangle
4. Which among the following is not used in Numbered List? a. A b. a c. i
d. @
Ans. d. @
5. Which among the following aributes changes the starng sequence of numbering in an Ordered List? a. BEGIN b. START c. INDEX
d. All of these
Ans. b. START
6. A list prexed with a symbol before it is called _________________. a. Unordered List b. Ordered List c. Both a and b d. none of these. Ans. a. Unordered List
7. Which among the following symbols will be displayed if the TYPE aribute of the tag is given the value as “DISC”? a. • b. ○ c. d. □ Ans. a •
37
8. What is the default numbering of the ordered list? a. 1, 2, 3… c. i, ii, iii…
b. a, b, c,… d. A, B, C…
Ans. a. 1, 2, 3…
9. Which aribute of the tag is used to specify a name to an Anchor? a. HREF c. TYPE
b. NAME d. None of these
Ans. b. NAME
10. Name the aribute which you used to specify the source of an image. a. WIDTH c. SRC
b. HEIGHT d. SOURCE
Ans. c. SRC
11. The _______________ aribute is used to specify the border colour of a table. a. BCOLOR c. BORDERCOLOR
b. BRCLR d. BC
Ans. c. BORDERCOLOR
12. The _____________aribute of the table tag is used to specify the distance between the adjacent cells in a table. a. SPACE c. CELLSPACING
b. CS d. none of these
Ans. c. CELLSPACING
13. The _____________aribute of the table is used to specify the distance between the cell content and cell boundary. a. CELLPADDING c. SPACING
b. CELLSPACING d. CELL
Ans. a. CELLPADDING
14. Which TARGET aribute value of the anchor tag is used to specify that a web page is to be loaded in a new window? a. _SELF b. _BLANK c. _PARENT
d. _TOP
Ans. b. _BLANK
15. If we want an image to be the hyperlink, the correct syntax is: a. 
click b. click c. 
click d. Ans. b. click 38
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)
16. Which aribute tells how many rows a cell should span? a. COLSPAN=n c. Both a and b
b. ROWSPAN=n d. None of these
Ans. b. ROWSPAN=n
17. What is CELLSPACING aribute of the TABLE aribute used for? a. It is used to specify the distance between the column-heading and the rst row of a column. b. It is used to specify the distance between the cell content of two adjacent cells. c. It is used to specify the distance between the cell content and cell boundary. d. It is used to specify the distance between the adjacent cells in a table. Ans. d. It is used to specify the distance between the adjacent cells in a table.
18. Which tag is used to create a tle for a table? a. b. c. <HEADING> d. <TABLETITLE> Ans. a. <CAPTION><br />
<br />
B. Fill in the blanks. 1. <UL> tag is used to dene an Unordered lists. 2. The value circle of the TYPE aribute of the <UL> tag is used to display a hollow round bullet. 3. The <LI> tag is used to dene the list item for both <UL> and <OL> tags. 4. The Denion list do not have a bullet or a number before it, instead it is indented. 5. The <TR> tag is used to insert a table row.<br />
<br />
6. The CAPTION aribute is used to specify the tle for the table. 7. The BORDER aribute of the TABLE tag is used specify the border size of a table.<br />
<br />
8. Using the Anchor tag you can dene hyperlinks for both text as well as images. 9. To refer to a link to a parcular segment of a web page you should specify the name of the Anchor in the HREF aribute preceded by the # symbol. 10. The CELLSPACING aribute of the TABLE tag is used to specify the distance between the cell content and cell boundary.<br />
<br />
11. Text wrien with ALT aribute appears like a tool p in Internet Explorer. 12. TARGET aribute with <A> tag is used to open a link in a new window. 13. The ALIGN aribute of the TABLE tag is used to specify the alignment of the table itself. 14. The CELLPADDING aribute of the TABLE tag is used to specify the distance between the adjacent cells in a table.<br />
<br />
C. True (T) or False (F). 1. You cannot insert bulleted text in a page.-F 2. Ordered Lists is also called Numbered Lists.-T Lists, ables and Anchors in HML<br />
<br />
39<br />
<br />
3. <LI> stands for List Item.-T 4. <UL> tag is used to specify Unordered lists.-T 5. The default numbering style in a ordered lists is A, B, C …-F 6. The <LI> tag should always close with </LI> tag.-F 7. The START aribute of the Ordered List changes the sequence of numbering in an ordered list.-T 8. The TABLE data can be inserted using the DATA tag.-F 9. The CELLSPACING aribute of the TABLE tag is used to specify the distance between the adjacent cells in a table.-F 10. The HEIGHT and WIDTH of a table can never be changed in a TABLE.- F 11. You cannot hyperlink to the same page.-F 12. The BORDER aribute of the TABLE tag is used specify the border colour of a table.- T 13. Tables are used in HTML to display tabular data in the form of rows and columns.- T 14. The <TH>…</TH> tag to dene a row heading.-T 15. The CELLPADDING aribute is used to specify the distance between the cell content and cell boundary.- F 16. ROWSPAN=“two” will span through two rows.-F 17. The TARGET aribute of the <A> tag is used to specify the computer over a network where the hyperlink would load.-F<br />
<br />
D. Answer the following. 1. What is a List? What are the dierent categories of list that you can create using HTML? Ans. Lists in HTML is used to arrange data containing bullets and numbering to produce an ordered set of text. The dierent categories of list that can be created using HTML are:<br />
<br />
a. Ordered List b. Un-Ordered List c. Denion List 2. State one dierence between Ordered List and Unordered List. Ans. Unordered Lists are used to display with bullets before each item in the list. Ordered Lists also called Numbered Lists are used to specify numbers instead of bullets as in Unordered lists.<br />
<br />
3. What is the signicance of TYPE aribute in Unordered list in HTML? What are the dierent possible TYPE aributes available for <UL> tag? Ans. The TYPE aribute of the UL tag is used to dene the symbol for the bullets which may be disc, circle or square.<br />
<br />
4. What is <OL> tag used for? Write the <OL> tag along with its aributes to create a numbered list, where numbering is done using alphabets starng from ‘e’. Ans. Ordered Lists also called Numbered Lists are used to specify numbers instead of bullets as in Unordered lists.<br />
<br />
<OL TYPE=“a” START=“5”> 40<br />
<br />
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)<br />
<br />
5. What is Denion List? What are tags associated with the Denion List? Ans. A denion list is a list of terms and corresponding denions. Denion lists are typically formaed with the term on the le with the denion following on the right or on the next line. The denion text is typically indented with respect to the term.<br />
<br />
A denion list always begins with the <DL> tag and ends with the </DL> tag. The denion term is tagged as <DT> and a denion descripon tagged as <DD>.<br />
<br />
6. What is a Table? Dene the Table tag to create a table consisng of GREEN background and RED border colour. Ans. Tables are used in HTML to display tabular data in the form of rows and columns.<br />
<br />
<TABLE BORDER=4 BORDERCOLOR=RED BGCOLOR=GREEN><br />
<br />
7. State the dierence between the <TD> and <TR> tags. Ans. <TD>…</TD> tag to dene a data cell. <TR>…</TR> tag on the other hand is used to dene a table row.<br />
<br />
8. State the funcon of the <CAPTION> tag that is used with a table. Ans. <CAPTION>…</CAPTION> tag to dene a tle or capon for the table.<br />
<br />
9. State the meaning of each aribute of the table tag: <TABLE BORDER=4 BORDERCOLOR=RED WIDTH=600 HEIGHT=200> Ans. This is to state that the table should be drawn with a border thickness of 4 pixels, having colour of the border as red, with the width and height of the table as 600 and 200 respecvely.<br />
<br />
10. Write the complete <TABLE>…</TABLE> tag to create a table with the following contents.<br />
<br />
Ensure that the background of each data cell should have the colour as specied in the corresponding column heading. Ans.<br />
<br />
<TABLE> <CAPTION>Colours</CAPTION> <TH>RED</TH> <TH>GREEN</TH> Lists, ables and Anchors in HML<br />
<br />
41<br />
<br />
<TH>BLUE</TH> <TH>ORANGE</TH> <TH>CYAN</TH> <TR> <TD BGCOLOR=“RED” WIDTH=“100” HEIGHT=“50”></TD> <TD BGCOLOR=“GREEN” WIDTH=“100” HEIGHT=“50”></TD> <TD BGCOLOR=“BLUE” WIDTH=“100” HEIGHT=“50”></TD> <TD BGCOLOR=“ORANGE” WIDTH=“100” HEIGHT=“50”></TD> <TD BGCOLOR=“CYAN” WIDTH=“100” HEIGHT=“50”></TD> </TR> </TABLE><br />
<br />
Applicaon Oriented Quesons 1. Observe the following web page and write the HTML code to generate it. Observe the following web page and write the HTML code to generate it. MANGOES IN INDIA Mangoes of India are well famous in the world for its sweetness, richness and avor, The land of India is the largest producer of mangoes and most important fruit of the country.<br />
<br />
Most popular types of mangoes in India are: □ Alphonsos □ Badami □ Chausa □ Dasheri Some other famous variees of mango includes:<br />
<br />
42<br />
<br />
o<br />
<br />
Bombay Green<br />
<br />
o<br />
<br />
Amrapali<br />
<br />
o<br />
<br />
Kishenbhog<br />
<br />
o<br />
<br />
Mankurad,Pairi<br />
<br />
o<br />
<br />
Fazli.<br />
<br />
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)<br />
<br />
Note the following points while generang the web page: • Title of the page is “Indian Mangoes”. • Font style for the page is Arial. • Heading of the page is blue. • Image used is mangoes.png. Ans.<br />
<br />
<HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>Indian Mangoes MANGOES IN INDIA
Mangoes of India are well famous in the world for its sweetness, richness and avor, the land of India is the largest producer of mangoes and most important fruit of the country.
![]()
Most popular types of mangoes in India are:
- Alphonsos
- Badami
- Chausa
- Dasheri
Some other famous variees of mango includes:
- Bombay Green
- Amrapali
- Kishenbhog
- Mankurad,Pairi
- Fazli.
Lists, ables and Anchors in HML
43
2. Observe the following web page and write the HTML code to generate it.
Note the following points while generang the web page: • Title of page is “Global Warming” • Link colour is green • Font style for the page is Arial • Heading of the page is blue • Image used is “warming.png” • Table border is 2px and border colour is red • Use links as:
o For Greenhouse gases as one.html o For Parculates and soot as two.html o For Solar acvity as three.html • E-mail id for boom message is [email protected] Ans.
Global Warming Global Warming
44
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)
Global warming is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of Earth’s climate system.
Since the early 20th century, the global air and sea surface temperature has increased about 0.8 ° C (1.4 ° F), with about two-third of the increase occurring since 1980. Inial cause of temperature changes:
Observed and expected environmental eects | Natural systems | Ecological systems | Long-term eects | Large-scale and abrupt impacts |
For more details
Lists, ables and Anchors in HML
45
8 Introduction to XML A. MCQs. 1. Aributes in XML should be enclosed within ________________. a. single quotes b. double quotes c. both a and b d. none of these Ans. c. both a and b
2. Which among the following is not applicable in XML? a. Aributes cannot contain mulple values. b. Tags are not case sensive. c. Aributes cannot contain tree structures. d. There should always be a root element. Ans. b. Tags are not case sensive.
3. The rst line in a XML document is called a ________________. a. preface b. prologue c. starter d. prex Ans. b. prologue
4. The enty reference to dene an apostrophe is ________________. a. &phe c. &apos
b. & trophe d. & apostrophe
Ans. c. &apos
5. Which among the following is used to insert a comment in XML? a. b. // c. /* */
d.
Ans. a.
6. Which among the following is not true for a Well Formed XML document? a. XML documents must have a root element. b. XML elements must have a closing tag c. XML tags are case sensive d. XML documents should always have comments. Ans. d. XML documents should always have comments.
46
7. Is this a well formed XML document? Tove John a. Yes
b. No
c. Can’t say
d. None of these
Ans. b.No
8. Validang an XMLdocument refers to anXML document that is _____________________________. a. well formed b. conrm to DTD c. both a and b d. none of these Ans. c. both a and b
9. The use of DTD in XML development is: a. required when validang XML documents b. no longer necessary aer the XML editor has been customized c. used to direct conversion using the XSLT processor d. a good guide to populang a template to be lled in when generang an XML document automacally. Ans. a. required when validang XML documents
10. Valid XML document means a. the document has root element b. the document contains at least one or more root element
c. the XML document has DTD associated with it and it complies with that DTD d. each element must nest inside any enclosing element properly Ans. c. the XML document has DTD associated with it and it complies with that DTD
11. Which of the following XML fragments are well formed? a. b. c. d. Ans. b.
12. XML document can be viewed in a. word processor c. notepad
b. web browser d. all of these
Ans. d. all of these
Introduction to XML
47
13. How is an empty element dened in XML? a. c.
b. d. all of these
Ans. d. all of these
B. Fill in the blanks. 1. Every closing tag of an XML document is Prexed with / (slash). 2. The root element encloses all other elements in XML. 3. Empty elements are starng and closing tags without any content.
4. XML aributes are used to provide addional informaon about elements. 5. XML aributes should always be enclosed within quotes. 6. An XML parser is the component that deciphers the XML code. 7. Validator is a soware that is used to check the syntax of a XML document. 8. Comments are remarks that are not part of the code but a part of documentaon.
9. The enty reference for the “greater than >” symbol is >. 10. A tag within a tag is called a nested tag.
C. True (T) or False (F). 1. XML like HTML is not case sensive.-F 2. XML can be ulized to store informaon.-T 3. It is possible to create your own tags in XML.-T 4. You may have empty tags in XML.-T 5. Every XML document may not have a root element.-F 6. is a valid example of an empty tag.-T 7. You may not enclose values for aributes of tags in quotes.-F 8. You may have mulple values for an aribute.-F 9. The rst line is the XML declaraon is called the prolog.-T 10. It is not possible to provide comments in XML documents.- F
D. Answer the following. 1. What is XML? Ans. XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language (XML) which is a markup language that allows encoding of documents using a predened set of rules which is both human-readable and machine-readable.
2. State three characteriscs of XML. Ans. The three charceteriscs of HTML are: 48
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)
1. XML is extensible. It permits the client to make his own tags and record structure. 2. XML can be ulized to store informaon. Applicaons could be composed to store and recover data. 3. XML may be ulized to trade informaon.
3. State the dierences between HTML and XML. Ans. Dierence between HTML and XML:
HTML HTML is used to display data and to focus on formang of data. HTML tags are predened.
XML XML is used to describe data and focus on what
HTML tags may or may not have closing tags. (Container tags and Empty tags)
XML tags must have a closing tag. (only container tags are allowed)
HTML tags are not case sensive.
XML tags are case sensive.
data is.
XML tags are not predened. It is possible to create and dene new tags as per your needs.
4. What do you understand by the term XML element? Ans. XML elements are tags that forms a XML document. There are no predened tags in XML unlike HTML. You need to dene your own tags in XML.
5. “XML tags are case sensive” explain the comment with the help of an example. Ans. XML tags are case sensive unlike HTML tags which are not case sensive. For example in HTML the tag and is one and the same. But in XML such tags are treated separately. Thus the tag is dierent from the tag . Also note that the opening and closing tags must be wrien with the same case. For example:
This is incorrect This is correct
6. Explain with a help of an example how root elements are placed in a XML document. Ans. XML documents must contain one element that is the parent of all other elements. This element is called the root element. The root element encloses all other elements in XML. All other elements inside the root elements form the child element. The child element may again contain subchild elements and subsequently more nested elements may be inserted. The level of nesng may be extended upto any level. The structure of the XML le should look like this:
.....
For example in case you need to store informaon of students (i.e., rst name and last name) of a certain school using an XML document it should look like this: Introduction to XML
49
1 <rstname> Shaahn Kohli
2 <rstname> Subham Karki
3 <rstname> Rohit Agarwal
You can see in the above example that the root element declared out here is then comes the child element which in turn stores the <rstname> and of the student in the tags.
7. What are empty XML elements? Give an example. Ans. An empty XML element document that is used to create a tag without any content.
For example if the tag is to be specied without any content. It is valid to write the tags as:
It can be wrien like this as well: This sort of element syntax is called self-closing.
8. State the naming rules of XML elements. Ans. XML elements must follow these naming rules:
• Names can contain leers, numbers but no special characters. Thus , , and are valid but , , and are invalid. • Names cannot start with a number. Thus <1state> is invalid. • Names cannot contain spaces. Thus <rst name> and are invalid tags. • Any name can be used, no words are reserved.
50
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)
9. What are aributes in XML? Ans. XML aributes are used to describe XML elements, or to provide addional informaon about elements. As you have already seen that in HTML, aributes provide addional informaon about elements. For example:
You can see that the BGCOLOR aribute changes the background colour of the web page to GREEN. You can even create your own aributes in XML. The aribute values in XML must always be quoted, which may be either single or double quotes. For example in XML a person’s sex, can be wrien as:
or wrien as:
10. What is a XML prolog? Ans. A XML Prolog is the secon at the beginning of an XML document which includes everything that appears before the document’s root element. The XML declaraon, the DOCTYPE and any processing instrucons or comments may all be a part of it. Depending on your needs, you can choose to include both, either, or neither of these items in your XML document.
11. What are enty references? Ans. An enty reference is an alternave name for a series of characters. You can use an enty in the &name; format, where name is the name of the enty. There are some predened enes in XML, bfurthermore you can declare enes in a DTD (Document Type Denion). There are 5 predened enty references in XML:
<
<
less than
>
>
greater than
&
& ampersand
'
‘
apostrophe
"
“
quotaon mark
12. What is comments used for? How are comments provided in a XML document? Ans. Comments are lines which are used for documentaon and is completely ignored by the browser for interpretaon always begins with
13. What is DTD? What are the two ways to dene DTD? Ans. A Document Type Denion (DTD) is a le that denes the schema or structure of a document encoded in XML. A DTD can be declared inline inside an XML document, or as an external reference.
14. State the dierence between SYSTEM and PUBLIC as used in DTD. Ans. The SYSTEM keyword is used when the XML and DTD resides in the same machine. The PUBLIC keyword is used when the DTD le is in the public domain.
Introduction to XML
51
15. State the signicance of +, * and ? symbols used aer child elements in DTD. Ans. The + sign aer a child element indicates that the child element occurs one or more mes inside the element.
The * sign aer a child element indicates that the child element occurs zero or more mes inside the element. The ? sign aer a child element indicates that the child element occurs zero or one me inside the element.
16. State the dierent aribute values that you can provide along with their usage. Ans. The aribute list declaraon ensures that the XML document contains valid aribute list for an element. It has the general syntax:
• element-name is the name of the element. • aribute-name is the name of the aribute. • aribute-type is the type of the aribute. Some common types used are:
Common Aribute Type CDATA
Meaning The value is character data.
The value is a unique ID.
ID
NMTOKEN
The value is a valid XML name.
ENTITY
The value is an enty.
• aribute-value may be one of the following: Value
Explanaon
value
It is used to refer assign the default value of the aribute.
#REQUIRED
It is used to indicate that it is compulsory to give the aribute.
#IMPLIED
It is used to indicate that the aribute is oponal.
#FIXED value
It is used to specify the xed value for the aribute.
17. What does “Well Formed XML document” mean? Ans. XML documents that abide by the syntax rules of XML documents are called “Well Formed XML document”. The syntax rules for XML are:
• XML documents must have a root element • XML elements must have a closing tag • XML tags are case sensive • XML elements must be properly nested • XML aribute values must be quoted 52
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)
18. How do you validate a XML document? Ans. To validate an XML document a XML validator soware is used. A XML validator is a soware that is used to check the syntax of your XML document.
19. What is an XML Parser? Ans. An XML parser provides vital informaon to the program on how to read the le. It is built in within the web browser.
An XML parser is the component that deciphers the XML code. Without a parser, your code cannot be understood. Computers require instrucon. An XML parser provides vital informaon to the program on how to read the le. Parsers come in mulple formats and styles. They can be freestanding soware, libraries, modules and classes.
20. How do you view XML documents in a web browser? Ans. It is possible for raw XML les to be viewed in all major browsers. But XML le s are not displayed as HTML pages but with colour-coded root and child elements. A plus (+) or minus sign (-) to the le of the elements can be clicked to expand or collapse the element structure. To view the raw XML source (without the + and - signs), select “View Page Source” or “View Source” from the browser menu.
You may double click on the XML document through My Computer ( or Computer as in Windows 7) to open it in the default browser.
Applicaon Oriented Quesons 1. XML document structure can be divided in which two parts? What is meant by valid XML document (write three points)? Write the code to create an XML document to present the following data: Name Job Department Cubicle Srish Programmer Engineer 5E Adi Designer Markeng 19T Ans. The two parts of an XML document are XML Tree and DTD.
A Valid XML document abides by the following rules: 1. XML documents must have a root element 2. XML elements must have a closing tag 3. XML tags are case sensive
Srish
Programmer
Engineer
5E
Introduction to XML
53
Adi Designer Markeng 19T
2. Draw the XML tree for the code given below: <rst> Harry Poer <rst>Linda Ray Ans.
Aribute: “sex”
54
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)
3. Draw the XML tree for the code given below: Ans.
Aribute: “sex”
4. Create a DTD for storing book informaon for a library. The DTD should contain details about each book in terms of tle, author (name, nickname), no.of copies, all of which can store character data. The no.of copies should contain two aributes named ‘inhand’ and issued which are both mandatory.
Introduction to XML
55
Ans.
]>
5. Observe the DTD below and answer the following quesons: ]> a. b. c. d.
Name the root element of the above XML document. How many child elements are there in the above DTD? Name them. What does the ‘+’ sign aer the Employee element signify? Which of the element has an aribute associated with it? Name the element and also the aribute associated with it. e. What is the basic dierence between the keywords PCDATA and CDATA? Ans a. Company b. Child Element: Employee, which again contains FirstName, LastName, ContactNo and Email. c. It signies that the Employee occur one or more mes inside the element. d. Element: email and aribute: address e. PCDATA stands for Parsed Character Data and XML parsers normally parse all the text in an XML document. CDATA - (Unparsed) Character Data is used about text data that should not be parsed by the XML parser. 56
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)
9 Security Issues of IT A. MCQs. 1. Programmers that break into secure systems for malicious purpose are a. Crackers b. Hackers c. Breakers d. Burglars Ans. b. Hackers
2. A good way to safeguard access to your computers is to ________________ protect it. a. deadbolt c. safemode
b. copyright d. password
Ans. d. password
3. The electronic equivalent of junk mail is known as a. adware c. spam
b. cyber fraud d. packets
Ans. c. spam
4. Copy of data that can be used to restore and recover data is ________________. a. the copied data b. backup c. restoraon data
d. none of these
Ans. b. backup
5. A program designed to replicate and eat up a computer’s storage is called a. Virus b. Spam c. Worm d. Mail Ans. c. Worm
6. A digital document issued to a site by a cercaon authority of internet a. e-code b. digital cercate c. digital signature d. digital id Ans. b. digital cercate
7. To avoid problems while working with internet you should follow this precauon: a. Install anvirus on your computer b. Take the backup of your les regularly c. Do not click on unknown links d. All of these Ans. d. All of these 57
8. A hardware or a soware that lters the data that enters a system when connected to a network is called: a. Filter b. Encoder c. Firewall d. Decoder Ans. c. Firewall
9. Which among the following is not a Social Networking site? a. Facebook c. Twier
b. Google+ d. Redimail
Ans. d. Redimail
10. Which among the following refers to the act of copying copyrighted material? a. Hacking c. Piracy
b. Cracking d. Phising
Ans. c. Piracy
B. Fill in the blanks. 1. Malware is the general term to refer to infecous soware such as virus, worm, spyware, etc. 2. Trojans is a program that appears harmless but actually performs malicious funcons. 3. Spyware is a soware that is downloaded onto your computer to track your acvies without your knowledge. 4. An-Virus protects a server, a network and an individual PC from aack by viruses from other systems.
5. Both Pharming and Phising makes an imposter site look like a genuine site. 6. Shareware is soware that is distributed free of cost usually for evaluaon but requires to pay in case it is in connued use aer a specic period. 7. Dierenal backup copies all the les or data that has been changed since the last full backup. 8. Incremental backup allows you to copy only those les which have been altered since the last full backup. 9. Backup is the act of duplicang documents or databases with the goal that they will be protected if there should arise an occurrence of equipment failure or other calamity. 10. Quaranne refers to the act of moving infected les to a safe locaon that is managed by the anvirus soware.
C. True (T) or False (F). 1. Spyware is soware that spies on a user’s acvies on computer and reports it.-T 2. Backup is duplicaon of data for restoring purpose at a later me.-T 3. To avoid spam never click on links that come from someone you do not know.-T 4. Hacker is a person who breaks security with mal-intenon to start what we have stored on our computers.-F 58
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)
5. Local Backups allows various websites to backup your memory.-F 6. Browser Hijacker is a malicious program that hijacks your browser.-T 7. Phising refers to the use of electronic messaging systems to send unwanted bulk messages (spam), especially adversing, indiscriminately.- F 8. Spyware programs secretly gather informaon from the computer it has infected and transmit the informaon to a dierent locaon.-T 9. Mail worms are embedded as an e-mail aachment.-T 10. Polymorphic Viruses are made in such a way that makes it almost impossible to detect.- T
D. Answer the following. 1. State two reasons for having security in a Computer System. Ans. The reasons for computer security are:
i.
It is used to ensure data protecons.
ii. It is used to ensure that the computer performs well and gives accessibility to only authorised persons at any point of me.
2. What is a Virus? Name any two viruses. Ans. Virus is a program, which is intended to disrupt the normal funconing of the computer system.
Example of viruses-Sco’s Valley, Seven Dust.
3. State the dierence between Worms and Trojans. Ans. Virus
Worms
The virus is the program code that aaches The worm is code that replicate itself in order itself to applicaon program and when to consume resources to bring it down. applicaon program run it runs along with it. It inserts itself into a le or executable program. It exploits a weakness in an applicaon or operang system by replicang itself. It has to rely on users transferring infected It can use a network to replicate itself to other les/programs to other computer systems. computer systems without user intervenon.
Infecon eect may lead to deleon or Infecon usually do not lead to deleon or modicaon of les. Somemes a virus also modicaon of les but only monopolize the changes the locaon of les. CPU and memory. The infecon speed of virus is slower than Infecon speed of worm is faster than virus. worm. E.g. The code red worm aected 3 lack PCs in just 14 Hrs.
Security Issues of I
59
4. State any three ways through which a computer gets infected. Ans. The three ways in which a virus can spread in a computer are:
• A virus can spread if you are using an infected media like Pen drives, CD, DVD, etc, which may have itself got infected from some other computer. • Certain virus may aach itself to other soware thus every me you run the soware, the virus replicates by aaching itself to other soware. • Your computer may get infected when you boot your computer using an infected media.
5. What is a Boot Sector virus? Give two examples. Ans. A boot sector virus is a computer virus that infects a storage device’s (usually hard disk) master boot record (MBR). Thus the infected computer is unable to boot.
Example- Brain and Michelangelo
6. How are File viruses dierent from Macro Viruses? Ans. File Virus or Parasic Virus aaches itself to an arbitrary le. Therefore whenever the host le gets executed the virus also gets executed. Macro Viruses on the other hand use s a programming language embedded in certain soware. Thus a document having the macro virus when opened gets the macro virus executed.
7. Write short notes on: a. Mulparte Virus b. Polymorphic Virus c. Stealth Virus Ans. i.
Mulparte viruses infect both hard disk sectors along with the executable les. That is why it is also called mulparte or hybrid virus. These viruses has complex mode of replicang itself making it dicult to remove. Emperor, Tequilla and Natas are some examples of these viruses.
ii. Polymorphic viruses have the capability of changing itself aer infecng a computer. Thus copies of viruses that are present in the computer may be slightly dierent from each other, which make it dicult for an-virus soware to detect and remove it. Satan Bug, Elkern and Proud are some examples of these viruses. iii. Stealth viruses are made in such a way that makes it almost impossible to detect. Even if they aach itself to a program, the program may appear normal, thus remaining undetected by any an-virus soware. Whale and Zer Bug are some examples of stealth viruses.
8. What is a Spamming? State dierent ways of stopping spamming. Ans. Spamming refers to the use of electronic messaging systems to send unwanted bulk messages (spam), especially adversing, indiscriminately. The most widely recognized form of spam is e-mail (electronic mail) spam. However the term is also applied to similar abuses in other media: instant messaging spam, Usenet newsgroup spam, Web search engine spam, spam in blogs, wiki spam, online classied ads spam, mobile phone messaging spam, Internet forum spam, junk fax transmissions, social networking spam, social spam, television adversing and le sharing spam. 60
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)
Spamming remains economically viable because adversers have very lile or somemes no operang costs beyond the management of their mailing lists, and it is almost impossible to hold senders accountable for their mass mailings. On the other hand it costs huge to the sender and may someme even get dubbed.
9. What is Spyware? Ans. Spyware programs secretly gather informaon from the computer it has infected and transmit the informaon to a dierent locaon. It may be used for idenfying user habits and post adversements accordingly or somemes even vital informaon like username or passwords may be transmied.
10. What is an An-Virus Soware? Explain three opons that you generally get with an An-Virus soware. Ans. Anvirus soware is used to remove viruses and other malware programs from your computer. It uses two of these techniques to secure your computer.
• Scan les for known viruses that match with the virus denion list that is built within it. But this requires you to connuously update your anvirus soware to add new denion to the list. Otherwise your anvirus soware goes obsolete and will not be able to remove newer viruses. • Idenes suspicious behavior of a computer program that may had been infected. The three opons that you generally get with an Anvirus Soware are: • Fix: It cleans a le that is infected with a virus. • Quaranne: Certain virus may be too dicult to be removed completely, this virus are disabled and kept in a safe place so that it cannot infect other les. • Delete: It deletes an infected le along with the virus. Since this opon also deletes the original le which got infected, it should only be used when the previous two opons do not work.
11. What does the term Backup mean? Name the dierent types of Backups. Ans. Backup is the acon of duplicang documents or databases with the goal that they will be protected if there should arise an occurrence of equipment failure or other calamity. Backup is typically a roune piece of the operaon of huge organizaons with centralized servers and also the administrators of more diminuve business machines.
12. How is incremental backup dierent from dierenal backup? Ans. Incremental Backup creates copies of all the les, or parts of les that have changed since previous backups of any type (full, dierenal or incremental).
For example if you did a full backup on Sunday. An incremental backup made on Monday, would only contain les changed since Sunday, and an incremental backup on Tuesday, would only contain les changed since Monday, and so on. Dierenal Backup on the other hand looks at which les have changed since you last did a full backup. Then creates copies of all the les that are dierent from the ones in the full backup. If you do a dierenal backup more than once, it will copy all the les, or parts of les that Security Issues of I
61
have changed since the last full backup, even if you already have idencal copies of those les in a previous dierenal backup. For restoring all the data, you will only need the the last full backup, and the last dierenal backup.
13. Write short notes on: a) Soware Piracy b) Cybercrime Ans.
i.
The acvies involving unauthorized copying, reproducon, use, or manufacture of soware products is called soware piracy. Most retail programs are licensed in such a way that it may be used at just one computer or for use by only one user at any me. Whenever you buy a soware, you become a licensed user rather than an owner and therefore you are only allowed to make copies of the program for backup purposes, but cannot give copies to friends and colleagues, which is against the law.
ii. Cybercrime is a term which is used to refer to criminal acvity performed using computers and the Internet. This may include insgang or inmidang someone over the internet, downloading illegal les and stealing millions of dollars from online bank accounts. Other oences like creang and distribung viruses and/or malicious code on other computers or posng condenal business informaon on the Internet are also part of cybercrime. Conceivably the most prominent form of cybercrime is using the internet to steal personal informaon from other users leading to identy the. To do this they usually uses two common methods phishing and pharming.
14. How is hacking dierent from cracking? Ans. Hacking, is the act of stealing personal or private data, without the owner’s knowledge or consent, it could also include other things like stealing passwords, creang a bot net, or prey much any act that breaches someone’s privacy, without their knowledge, or consent. Cracking on the other hand involves eding a program’s source code, or creang a program, like a key generator (more commonly known as a ‘keygen’), patch, or some sort of applicaon that tricks an applicaon in to thinking that a parcular process has occurred. For example, a key generator and a patch for the
Adobe Master Collecon would trick the soware in to thinking that the key entered is correct, and not let it verify the key with the Adobe master server. Cracking is prey much looking for a back door in soware, and exploing it for malicious use or for a copyright breaching act. Thus the dierence is that a hacker is someone that uses their extensive knowledge of computer logic and code for malicious purposes, while a cracker - looks for back doors in programs, and exploits those back doors. Cracking is generally less harmful than hacking. Hackers are usually involved with web related hacking, like MySQL intercepon, or phishing, other forms of hacking would include things like brute force, or password liing.
15. What is the signicance of “Digital Cercate”? Ans. A digital cercate is used to verify that a user sending a message is who he or she claims to be, and to provide the receiver with the means to encode a reply. This is done over the Internet using the public key infrastructure (PKI). 62
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)
16. What is data encrypon? Ans. Data Encrypon refers to scrambling informaon and ulizing it to secure data that is constantly hung on a machine, replicated onto CDs or DVDs or transmied over a system. It ulizes innovaons, for example, Virtual Private Networks(VPNs) and secure socket layers.
Applicaon Oriented Quesons 1. Shrinivasan is working for an IT rm where he needs to backup his data of around 200MB to 400MB at the end of each day. Each day backup needs to be archived separately for future reference. Suggest any two economic data backup devices, which he can use for this purpose. i. Dierenate between hacker and cracker with reference to their intenon and move. ii. Name one specic soware tool for each of the following categories: a. Anvirus b. Data recovery tool c. Online backup tool d. Text editor Ans. He may either use a portable external hard disk or a pen drive to take backup.
i.
Hacking, is the act of stealing personal or private data, without the owner’s knowledge or consent, it could also include other things like stealing passwords, creang a bot net, or prey much any act that breaches someone’s privacy, without their knowledge, or consent. Cracking on the other hand involves eding a program’s source code, or creang a program, like a key generator (more commonly known as a ‘keygen’), patch, or some so rt of applicaon that tricks an applicaon in to thinking that a parcular process has occurred. For example, a key generator and a patch for the Adobe Master Collecon would trick the soware in to thinking that the key entered is correct, and not let it verify the key with the Adobe master server. Cracking is prey much looking for a back door in soware, and exploing it for malicious use or for a copyright breaching act. Thus the dierence is that a hacker is someone that uses their extensive knowledge of computer logic and code for malicious purposes, while a cracker - looks for back doors in programs, and exploits those back doors. Cracking is generally less harmful than hacking. Hackers are usually involved with web related hacking, like MySQL intercepon, or phishing, other forms of hacking would include things like brute force, or password liing.
ii.
a. QuickHeal b. Hyper V Recovery Manager from Microso c. Google Drive
d. Notepad
Security Issues of I
63
2. Give any two shortcomings of online purchase. i. What is encrypon of data? ii. Name one anvirus soware/tool. Ans. In case you have a spyware, your bank account details may be compromised.
1. The site may not be authenc and there may be Phising aack. i. Data Encrypon refers to scrambling informaon and ulizing it to secure data that is constantly hung on a machine, replicated onto CDs or DVDs or transmied over a system. It ulizes innovaons, for example, Virtual Private Networks(VPNs) and secure socket layers. ii. QuickHeal
64
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)
10 Benets of ICT A. MCQs. 1. The process of using electronic media for learning is called ________________. a. E-learning c. Learning
b. Media-Learning d. Internet
Ans. a. E-learning
2. Which among the following is not a characteriscs of E-learning? a. Learners have the opon to choose learning materials that meets their level of knowledge and interest. b. Learners do not have the exibility to choose their own me or schedule. c. Learners have the exibility to study anywhere they have access to a computer and Internet connecon d. Self-paced learning modules allow learners to work at their own pace. Ans. b. Learners do not have the exibility to choose their own me or schedule.
3. Which among the following e-learning sites is most suitable for web designing? a. www.khanacademy.org b. hp://ocw.mit.edu c. www.w3schools.com
d. www.math-bridge.org
Ans. c. www.w3schools.com
4. Which among the following is connected to e-health? a. Health Informaon b. Educaon and Training c. Health Systems Management
d. All of these
Ans. d. All of these
5. A subsidiary of United Naons(UN) whose objecve is to look aer internaonal health. a. CMS b. eHospital c. eHealth d. WHO Ans. d. WHO
6. Which among the following is not the characteriscs of ehealth? a. It allows methods to access electronic medical records, and the ability to access informaon about alternave approaches to medical treatment. b. Saves on me one of the major constraints of convenonal health care services. c. It improves paent safety – a complete overview of clinical and medicaon history helps to avoid potenal errors and complicaons. d. It cannot provide access to specialist care at distant geographic areas. 65
Ans. d. It cannot provide access to specialist care at distant geographic areas.
7. Which among the following is the naonal portal of India? a. india.gov.in b. naonindia.gov.in c. india.net.in d. india.nic.in Ans. a. india.gov.in
8. What is the full form of DeitY? a. Department of Electronics and Indian Technology b. Development of Electronics and Informaon Technology c. Digital Electronics and informaon Technology d. Department of Electronics & Informaon Technology Ans. d. Department of Electronics & Informaon Technology
9. Knowledge Economy combines knowledge and educaon into a _________________. a. business Product c. either a or b
b. producve Asset d. none of these
Ans. c. either a or b
10. ______________________ refers to the disparity of classicaon of person according to their knowledge of ICT and without it. a. Digital Divide c. Developmental Delay
b. Digital Disparity d. Digital Unity
Ans. a. Digital Divide
B. Fill in the blanks. 1. In e-learning self-paced learning modules allow learners to work at their own pace. 2. E Health Points are units owned and operated by Healthpoint Services India (HSI) that provide families in rural villages about various health issues.
3. A health insurance plan sold over the internet is called eHealthInsurance. 4. Using ICT for making government services to every corner of the country 24x7 is called e-governance . 5. Knowledge Economy refers to the combining of knowledge and educaon as a product.
6. Virtual schools are also called Cyber schools. 7. A knowledge based society refers to the type of society that is needed to compete and succeed in the changing economic and polical dynamics of the modern world. 8. Infomania refers to those individuals that have compulsive desire to check or accumulate news and informaon. 9. Digital Unity refers to the collaboraon of people at dierent geographical locaon to unite together
10. People living in Remote areas do not get the benets of e-governance because of the lack of infrastructure. 66
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)
C. True (T) or False (F). 1. E-governance has increased the transparency of the government by pung an end in corrupon by removing the middle-men and touts play.-T 2. E-governance services are available online and helpful for people having no internet connecvity.-F 3. Lack of literacy resulted in lack of awareness, which prevents people from beneng from e-governance.-T 4. E-health allows methods to access electronic medical records and the ability to access informaon about alternave approaches to medical treatment.-T 5. WHO in general looks aer the nance in United Naons.-F 6. The E Health Point concept builds upon and combines proven models to achieve unique synergies and eciencies.-T 7. In e-learning the learners do not choose learning materials.-F 8. In e-learning, the user can choose their own exible mings.-T 9. W3Schools is an e-learning sites that has a variety of video lessons for free.-F 10. E-learning gives the exibility to learn as par his own me.-T
D. Answer the following. 1. How do you think ICT has helped in the eld of educaon? Ans. In recent years there has been a upsurge in the interest of how ICT can best be harnessed to improve the eciency and eecveness of educaon at all levels and in both formal and nonformal sengs. Even though, ICT remain at its infancy in most developing naons, where books or printed media remains the cheapest, most accessible and therefore most dominant delivery mechanism. Thus developing countries, like India combine the use of print, recorded audio and video, broadcast radio and television, and audio-conferencing technologies to cater to the need of educaon.
2. What is e-learning? Menon names of two sites that provide e-learning for free. Ans. Learning that occurs through electronic media, popularly over the Internet is called E-learning.
Websites: www.e-learningforkids.org and ocw.umb.edu 3. Give two advantages and disadvantages of e-learning. Ans. Advantages of e-learning:
• Learners have the opon to choose learning materials that meets their level of knowledge and interest. • Learners have the exibility to choose their own me or schedule. Disadvantages of e-learning: • It has been that learners with low movaon or bad study habits may fall behind. • Learners who are more used to with tradional teachers may get lost or confused about course acvies and deadlines. Benefits of IC
67
4. What is E-Health? What are areas in which E-Health encompasses? Ans. The transfer of health-care resources by electronic means is termed as E-health.
The areas in which E-Health encompasses are: • Health Informaon: The Internet and telecommunicaons plays a great role in delivering health informaon to health professionals and health consumers. • Educaon and Training: The educaon and training of health workers to improve public health services using the power of IT and e-commerce. • Health Systems Management: Usage of e-commerce and e-business pracces in health systems management.
5. How does ICT help the government in providing health care services? How does such services help the common man? Ans.
The ageing of the populaon in general has resulted in number of cizens with chronic diseases increasing, especially among elderly people throughout the world. Coupled with not proporonal amount health care services has made health a major issue for developing naons. The challenge is to keep both the well-being of the cizens and the public health care systems proper. Here where ICT comes into the picture to provide health care soluons that solve much of the problems. It helps the common man by: 1. It allows methods to access electronic medical records, and the ability to access informaon about alternave approaches to medical treatment. 2. Saves on me one of the major constraints of convenonal health care services. 3. It improves paent safety – a complete overview of clinical and medicaon history helps to avoid potenal errors and complicaons.
6. Give two advantages and disadvantages of e-health. Ans.
Advantages • It allows methods to access electronic medical records, and the ability to access informaon about alternave approaches to medical treatment. • Saves on me one of the major constraints of convenonal health care services.
Disadvantages • Too much of informaon, might in most situaon, lead to confusion. • Since physical presence of the health care consumers is mostly absent, they do not benet from the clinical experience of the physician.
68
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)
7. What is e-governance? Name three sites that provides e-governance. Ans. E-governance is the applicaon of ICT for transferring of various government services to the cizens of a country. The services are 24x7 and not bounded by any geographical region.
Sites: • india.gov.in • deity.gov.in •
passporndia.gov.in
8. State two advantages and disadvantages of e-governance. Ans. Advantages of E-governance • The ecacy of the administraon and service delivery has drascally improved by E-governance. • Reduced waing me is one of the benets of e-governance.
Disadvantages of E-governance • People living in remote areas do not get the benets of e-governance because of the lack of infrastructure. • Completely computerizaon of all services is yet to be completed and therefore manual methods are sll prevalent.
9. What is Knowledge Economy? Ans. Knowledge Economy is the combining the knowledge and educaon based on creang, evaluang, and trading knowledge. Thus making it a business product and a producve asset.
10. State three ways in which ICT has aected our society. Ans. The three ways in which ICT has changed our society are:
• Knowledge Based Society • Digital Unity • Digital Divide
Applicaon Oriented Quesons 1. Mr Surendra is a Medical Representave in Zev Pharmaceucals. He usually has to make heavy travelling meeng dierent doctors and recommending them various medicines. As such he hardly has much me le for leisure. He loves studies, parcularly Chemistry. He had studied Chemistry during his graduaon and le studies aer he joined as a Medical Representave. He wants to pursue his studies in Chemistry. a. What would you suggest him so that he can pursue his studies, without aecng his current job prole? b. Menon few resources for the above soluon. Ans. a. He can go for any online E-Learning Course.
b. MIT site and IGNOU site Benefits of IC
69
2. The primary objecve of e-health care is to provide dierent services related to health to dierent people, even to the most remote areas. State three advantages of using e-health care services. Also state three drawbacks of using such services. Ans.
Advantages of E-health care services • It allows methods to access electronic medical records, and the ability to access informaon about alternave approaches to medical treatment. •
Saves on me one of the major constraints of convenonal health care services.
• It improves paent safety – a complete overview of clinical and medicaon history helps to avoid potenal errors and complicaons.
Disadvantages of E-health care services • Too much of informaon, might in most situaon, lead to confusion. • Since physical presence of the health care consumers is mostly absent, they do not benet from the clinical experience of the physician. • First me users may somemes nd it dicult to access the health care services.
3. One of the major advantage of using ICT in providing government services to the mass is e-governance. The ecacy of the administraon and service delivery has drascally improved by e-governance. a. What is e-governance? b. State at least three ways how it helps common people. Ans.
a. E-governance is the applicaon of ICT for transferring of various government services to the cizens of a country. The services are 24x7 and not bounded by any geographical region. b.
• The ecacy of the administraon and service delivery has drascally improved by E-Governance. • Reduced waing me is one of the benets of e-governance. • Cizens that benet from e-governance does at a minimal cost or no cost at all.
4. In tradional classrooms, it is oen important for students to adopt a pace that suits the classroom, so that no one lags behind others and no one gets too far ahead. a. What is the alternave to tradional classrooms that takes ICT as its major tool? b. State three advantages and disadvantages of using such a medium. Ans.
a. Virtual Schools and E-learning are alternave to tradional classrooms.
70
Foundation of Information Technology – X (Solution)
b. Advantages:
1. In many cases, virtual schools allow families and educators to evaluate a student and provide a customized educaon geared towards helping the student learn and develop. 2.
Each child has unique educaonal strengths, weakness, needs and preferences, and virtual schooling allows families and educators to address these dierences.
3. Adopng an average pace is oen important, in such cases, to keeping the ow of learning consistent and prevenng students from becoming bored and frustrated.
Disadvantages : 1. Virtual schools also lack the structure found in tradional schools. 2. They also have dicules adapng to paper and pencil tests and assignments. 3. They also miss out on personal instrucon from teachers as well as classroom discussion Also, unlike brick and mortar schools, students are not under the constant supervision of a teacher.
Benefits of IC
71
