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Reading and Use of Engtish 1
Part 5
You are §oin§ to read a magazine article about !rish folk dancin§. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D)
which you think fits best accordin§ to the text.
1, What did the stage show Riverdance achieve?
A lt showed lrish competition dancing at its best. B lt demonstrated how complicated lrish dancing is. C lt presented traditional dances from all over the world. D lt introduced lrish dancing to an international audience.
2
Why do some individual dresses cost so much money?
A B
They are made of very heavy material.
The pattern of each dress is different from every other.
C They are made of very expensive material. D They are created by top designers.
3
What do we find out about the competition judges?
A B C
4
-o
How does the writer compare lrish dancing with other
sports?
c(()
A She thinks it is more competitive than other sports. B She thinks performance matters less than in many
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r
C
o_ o_
She thinks experience is more important than in other
sports.
r(]
What many peopte do not know about, however, is competition s
t{
posture, can make up 40-50% of the dancer's total score.
than in other sports.
5
Solo competition dresses often run to thousands of dottars
What is important about lrish dancing to the dancers themselves?
A the honour of winning compet¡tions B their beautifully designed costumes
because of the intricatety embroidered designs which are unique ro
What do people appreciate most about dance competitions?
make-up are atlmarks of status. Dancers begin preparing for competitions up to a week in advance by apptying fake tan to their tegs. Then, for almost an rs
dfld a half before performing, they perfect themsetves - applying make-up, attaching wigs, and gtuing their socks to their legs to
A the uniqueness of the dancers' costumes B the teamwork shown by groups of dancers C the fact that the dancers look beautiful D the fact that the pedormers are talented athletes
eách dress. The otder and more experienced a dancer is, the hear her make-up and the more etaborate her dress. Dresses, shoes
C working hard and making good friends D the fact that they are representing their country
6
dancing and the importance of appearance in competitions. Appearance, which can include costume, make-up, shoes and
D She thinks there is more pressure on the participants
.1J
Traditionatlrish folk dancing, which is well known for its cotourful
costumes and etaborate steps, has become very gtamorous si the stage show Riverdance made it recognizabte attover the
other sports.
o
tr
They are sympathetic if a dancer makes a mistake.
C They only watch one dancer at a time. D They pay Sreat attention to all the dancers.
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They are looking for perfection.
prevent them from falting down. lt seems incredibte that the c
of hours a dancer spends preparing for a competition are atmost equalin points to the months, or even years, that she spends zo perfecting and memorizing compticated steps. ln competition, dancers wittperform different steps in a line of a dozen or more dancers. A judge
wiltwatch severaldancers at
once, but if the judge perceives a singte imperfection in the appearance or in her performance, he wittmove on to watch a zs
better dancer. lf a dancer cannot catch and hotd the attention of the judge, she has no chance of winning a medalor even a ptace.
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Writiñg 1
Part
1
The paragraphs of this sample essay are not in the correct order. Read the essay and put the five paragraphs in the correct order. Do not try to choose the correct words yet.
E tr
E I I
lt is clear that for some of these people, such experiments with appearance are successful; (a) but / however things can go seriously wrong. Unfortunately, (b) this / such can cause great unhappiness and can even ruin people's lives. lt seems that the majority of operations are on people (c) who / which are simply unhappy with the way they look. They believe that altering their physical appearance will increase their confidence or make them more attractive to other people. They hope surgery will make it easier for them to make friends or to get a good job. tOl They / There have been many recent reports about cosmetic surgery operations that have gone wrong. When I heard about these, I wondered why so many people choose to have these oPerations. t"l To / tn conclude, I would suggest that everyone considering cosmetic surgery should first receive honest medical advice and be warned about the risks involved. fO ft / There is no doubt that some cosmetic operations are necessary for medical or psychological reasons, (É) by / for example for patients who have been involved
in serious accidents. (h) However / But, it is clear from the number of operations conducted every year that most 'patients' are not in (i) this / the category.
.1:
2 Now choose
the correct words in italics in a-i above.
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Reading and Use of Engtish Part 1 t For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each g!ap. There is an example at the beginn¡ng (O).
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Tweetie de Leon-Gonzalez lOl broke into the competitive world of modelling at the from gett:ng' notice, but she was not easily (r) ers agoóf l+
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''her eduea$ofi. $he accepted modelling projects brrt made t3l . , thesews're only'l at weekends. With a discipline that would make any parent proud, this hard-working student finished high school and then
(41
a university degree in philosophy.
to . rt-:- ü'
pro1ects continued , After graduating, Tweetie went job-hunting, but nrodelling (ü} {§} ..-------- her way. until her days were all booked up. lt was o'nly after corfipet1ion that she deeided to take {7} ------,.*-- modelling as a profession. As
.
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wellas
'
earning the respect of other models, she established solid friendships throughout her career. Yet at the height of her popularity, she turned her back on the glamour of the
fashion world because she was findlng modelling less and
rcsált*l-
,
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was beginning to feel more like work than enjoyment.
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threw
1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A
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taking on
rewarding
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Bto B popular
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cgo C winning
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Reading and Use of Engtish Partz 1
You are gloins
to read a newspaper article about a child genius. For questions 1-1O,
choose from the sections (A-D).The sections may be chosen more than once.
Which paragraph says that the writer found it hard to establish rules?
suggests that the writer controlled how Leo spent his leisure time? describes an incident which shocked the writer? gives an example of Leo's inventiveness?
states that the writer believed some people thought he wasn't strict enough with Leo? refers to Leo's enquiring mind? gives examples of Leo's stubbornness?
states that the writer finds parenting Leo difficult but worthwhile? suggests that the writer is confident that Leo will succeed in life? says that finding the risht environment for Leo was key to his development?
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A r My 11-year"old son Leo is a flnalist in Channel 4's 'Child Genius' competition, For me, it caps a decade spent learning how to raise a child whose intellect and independence of spirit simply aren't ordinary. lt has been rewarding, but it hasn't always ¡ been easy. I was struck by Leo's curiosity and independence of thought almost as soon as he could speak. When I told little Leo something, he would hungrily analyze it and respond with a penetrating question, He learned to play Monopoly at four and was soon beating me; at six, he had read the Odyssey. He would ro do jigsaw puzzles without the pictures - because it was more challenging, ln fact, for every game he played, he would make up new rules, ones that would make the games harder.
There are of course other downsides to having a very bright child. Not least of these is dealing with the education system, I've seen :o state schools that are content to be of average standard, and expensive private schools with equally average teachers that don't make allowances for students who have different needs, which I find alarming, I will never forget the ignorant teacher who, in my hearing, patronized my six-year-old when he referred m to Shakespeare as a poet. 'He wrote prose,' she snapped. Eventually, we found the right school for him, His frustration has gone, he has matured, he has strong friendships, and his grades are mainly 'A's. At last, he's just an intelligent, appropriately
siimulated child, and achieving his potential. D
B Leo's lQ was tested on his 11th birthday, lt scored him in the top 0,01 per cent of his age group. So yes, he is bright, I think I only rs f ully admitted that to myself after I saw those results. Not having
other children, I had no real way of measuring Leo's intelligence, And, also, I have to admit that part of me just wanted a standard kid. Every parent wants their child to socialize well and make f riends, not to be a genius and potentially difficult, Discipline was :* challenging. Explaining to Leo that he needed to sit in a given place, eat a given meal, foltow a given routine, he would invariabty ask, 'Why?'. And, often, he'd ref use, By the time he was four, it was sometimes hard to tell if he was wildly creative, or merely wild, tfelt isolated, because many parents and teachers assumed ei; that Leo was atlowed to do just as he liked. The opposite was true. We worked daily to impose routines. But Leo was reluctant to go along with anything just because he was asked to.
'Child Genius' has very much cast me in the role of the pushy parent, but I would argue that I have simply been discriminating. Leo has seen little live television in his life; instead, good stuff on DVDs and as many books as he has wanted. At six, he was reading versions of the classics written for ieenagers, and last +s w€ek we watche d Coriolanus together, Shakesp.ár*', language was not a barrier for him, This September, Leo goes to a highly academic secondary schoo{, and he plans to go to university, He's strong in maths and English, and a keen actor, What will he become, I wonder: a barrister, a doctor, a journalist? I tell him he sü can be anything he wants to be, and I believe it. The programme has conflrmed my belief that raising a really bright child is a task society neither really understands nor supports,
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4 Complete these sentences with can, be able to, mana$e or
Grammar
succeed in an appropriate form. You may need to use the
can, be able to, manaÉle, succeed
negat¡ve.
1
a
Choose the correct alternative in italícs in these sentences.
ln which two sentences are both options correct?
a How long could you / have you been able to drive? b I can't / 'm not able to understand a word he's saying, can you?
c
The teacher told me he couldn't / didn't mana§e to correct my essay because he couldn't read / didn't
succeed in reading mY writing.
d Has your brother managed to / been able to find a job? e I could / was able to beat you at chess any day of the week. f A tall man stood in front of me at the concert, so couldn't / wasn't able to see a thing. g I can't / 'm not able to believe it. I got an 'A' in maths! h Fortunately, they could / were able to rescue the children
That's as fast as I can run. even if I tried.
b Despite setting ofl late, Karen
2
Complete these questions with an appropriate form of can or be able to. In which sentences are both forms correct?
a
come to my party on Saturday, or have you plans? (you) made other
b @
speak Spanish before you went to live in Spain? (you)
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o fo
do everything people do,
ever
do you think? (robots) -_--
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.tc
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get the sofa in if we took the door off? (we) find out Richard's new phone number yet?
(David)
f g 3
My jeans are
torn.
repair them? (you)
picked us up if we'd asked you sooner? (you)
Complete these sentences with the correct form of can. lf it is not possible to use can, use the correct form of be able to. You may need to use the negat¡ve.
a
When you give your speech at tomorrow's conference,
nobody
understand you unless you speak
more clearly.
b I'm afraid I
go to the party. I was busy on
Saturday.
c Janet I
read before she was three years old.
think that's amazingl
eat any more. They were full. d They e Despite the delay, the passengers
$et their
connecting flights.
f I -him.
tell Darren yet, but I will as soon as I see
-
walk for a long time after the accident. She had to use a wheelchair. Sara
When the chip pan caught fire, John
fire out with a wet cloth.
t2
_=-
put the
run any faster
to catch the
train.
c
Even if the fire fighters had arrived sooner, they saved the building.
play a musical instrument. d I'd like to play tennis since he hurt his back. e He in clearing the bar f The high jumper finally on his third attempt.
-
I
from the burning building.
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1.2 You will hear a journalist called Richard Prior talking about the time he met the autistic savant Daniel Tammet. For questions 1-1O, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.
a
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Daniel works from home because he would find being
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Vocabutary Comparaflve and superlatlve 1 Complete these sentences with the comparatlve or superlatlve form of an appropriate adjectlvos and adverbs adject¡ye or adverb from thls list. You can use one of the words twice.
J
good heaw high superst¡t¡ous
a
I
person l've ever met. This morn¡ng, on the way to college,
She's the
she refused to walk under a ladder.
b l\4y su¡tcase c That's the buy ¡t.
d e
f g
I
than yours. I can hardly lift mine.
¡s
car we've looked at so far. We couldn't possibly afford to
now that I've cleaned my glasses.
can see much
-
I'm
-
than I was th¡s t¡me last year than men
Women drive
There's no doubt that she§ the marks ¡n tests.
- that's
-
I must go on a diet'
why they have fewer accidents.
student in the class. She always gets
the than any teacher. He expla¡ns things much a brilliant maths h He's had. teacher l've ever ¡ I hope the weather doesn't get - we're going on holiday on Saturday. j That was the film I've seen ¡n a long t¡me - lthought it was even than this year's Oscar winner' L4
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Vocabutary Phrasal verbs with
§íve t
Replace the verbs in italics in these sentences with the correct form of §ive and one of these words. ".--*--*:
i3y9l- *9?-.[-
r---gY! YP
i
a b c I've tried not to play so many video games, but I'm hooked - I just can't stop doing it. d They are lett¡ngyou have a T-shirt free with every CD you buy. e My little brother realized he wasn't going to win the game, so he admitted defeat. When are you going lo return the CD you borrowed from me last year? At the beginning of the exam, the teacher distributed the question papers.
Grammar Habitual
actions
1, ln each of these sets of three sentences, two sentences have a similar meaning and one has a different meanin§. Put a cross (/0 next to the sentence with a different meaning.
C
a L l always used to walk to school. 2 I would always walk to school. 3 l've always walked to school. b 1" I used to get up early. 2 I am used to getting up early. 3 I am accustomed to getting up early. c 1, I usually check my emails before I get up. 2 Normally, l'd check my emails before I got up. 3 Normally, l'll check my emails before I get up.
.9 a f
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o (J (Y) .1J
2
Choose the correct words in italics to complete these sentences.
a
I lived in Africa for nearly five years, but I never got used to / was never used to
the heat.
b I sot used to smoking / used to smoke, but I gave up nearly three years ago. c Even though they are only three years old, the twins are used to getting dressed / used to get dressed themselves.
d People from other countries
get used to drivin§ quickly when they come to Britain.
e
16
Where did you use to live
/
/
are used to driving on the left quite
were you used to livin§ before you moved to New York?
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Reading and Use of Engtish
Part 6
1 You are going to read a magfazine article which explains some of the reasons
why
people collect things. Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
r People have been collecting things for centuries. Their
collections range from rare baseball cards worth thousands of dollars to beautiful, brightly-coloured orientaljewels that glisten in display cases, showing their owner's wealth.
ffi
r Even with a valuable collection, it isn't often that a collector sells up and claims the money. Why, then, would someone
put so much time and effort into amassing a valuable collection? Terry Shoptaugh, from Minnesota State University r*
Moorhead, can shine some light on why people collect. ln
Kim Herzinger, an English professor and an avid collector, :* provides yet another explanation for our obsession with
collecting. Herzinger says: 'Collecting is a way of dealing
an article, he offers the idea that collecting is based on a need to inspire
C
.9 a f
o O
i5 upon
with
use keepsakes to
stimulate memory especially to trigger happy memories,' Shoptaugh writes. 'But even if memory cannot be relied
o_
E
recollection.ml'We
to faithfully reproduce the past, it remains vitalto our
(Y)
passion. :s
Herzinger also believes that it's important for
avoid this, the collector narrows the field from
baseball cards to, for example, the NewYorkYankees cards.
remember the romantic aspects of war while not forgetting
Herzinger admits that while the collection brings much joy
the true horror of such times.
to the collector, there will always be disappointment.'l once +*
ac
ffi
collectors to maintain a sense of control over their collection.
ffil-lfo
collect unattractive, old war memorabilia in an effort to
c
feeling of incompleteness that many people feel
in childhood.'He adds, however, that collecting is also a
understanding of the past.'This may explain why people
IJ
a
Anthropologist Marjorie Akin
is also an
expert on collecting.
me around his collection of valuable American jazz records.
She shares Shoptaugh's idea that people collect for a
ffi
connection to the past and memories. She writes: 'Objects
seems to appreciate it as much as they do.'
also gives four other reasons why people collect. The first
collect to please personaltastes.
ffiJ-lnnother
reason is the
Many people feelthey have a special bond with their
collection and can't help feeling frustrated if no one else
can connect the collector to the historic, valued past.'Akin :* is to satisfli a sense of personal order and beauty. Some
had a very good friend, a record collector, who was showing
+*
A simpler explanation for the popularity of collecting as a
hobby is suggested by Kurt Kuersteiner, who says, 'l believe
collector's need for completeness. Akin says she has seen
the main reason people collect things
people cry out with relief once their collection is complete.
topic.'Can it really be that simpleT
is a basic
interest in the
After showing me his favourite items, he became silent, apparently disappointed with my lack of response. B
And, like most similar obsessions, it lets you live in another world for a while.
c Despite this, she believes that some people collect for money and profit. D However, more collections consist of oddities that have nothing more than sentimental value for the collector. E
ln other words, people collect in an effort to remember and relive the past.
F
Others collect items that are weird or unusual to show their individualism.
G
To collect every baseball card would be impossible, leaving the collector with a
feeling of always being overwhelmed. 18
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r Reading and Use of Engtish Part2 L For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginn¡ng (O).
*.a
own voice on the internet. lt's a ptace {2} ordinary peopte can share interests - whether through a pol.itical commentary,
their authors, btoggers, (1)
,
persona[diary,(3}-atistoftinkstofavouritewebsites. -
"r$ra6onat'ai t+i
ii,
,'..' as
a,ma '¡ou na,[i
,often use blogs to publish breaking ,
c
o ,a
Vocabutary
f
o_
Adverbs L
E
o (J
List these adverbs under the correct headin$s.
* .-
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(Y) .11
c,
Adverbs of manner Comment adverbs: Focusing adverbs: Frequency adverbs:
Adverbs of degree:
-
Rewrite these sentences using an appropriate adverb from the list in 1 in the correct position. Sometimes more than one adverb can be used. a I only caught my train because it was a few minutes late - that was luci
b I §o to the theatre from time to time if there's something
Sood on.
My brother was stopped by the police because he wasn't driving safely.
20
d
I hate long road journeys. I hate them most in the winter when the roads are icy.
e
My sister passed her driving test first time. That surprised everyone.
f
When I was
g
That was a terrible fire. The house was destroyed
foul I broke
my brother's favourite toy. lt was not an accident.
- there's nothing
left of it.
tz
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Listening
Part 3
f {}
J-.4 You witl hear five short extracts in which women are talkin§ about their relationships with their brothers. For questions 1-5, choose from the list (A-H) what speaker says. Use the letters only once. There are three extra letters which you do not
need to use.
A Her brother
orüLy oNE c&FD
B
To Go:
had more freedom than she did.
She never sees him because he's studying away from home.
c Her parents preferred her to her brother. D
She became good friends with her brother in her teens.
E
She doesn't keep in touch with her brother because he lives abroad.
Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 3
She doesn't make the effort to see her brother
Speaker 4
nowadays.
Speaker 5
ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi
She used to like her brother but doesn't now. H
When she was younger, she was proud of having an older brother.
a o o t-
Vocabu[ary
t
.tc
@ enrasal verbs with
píck L Replace
the words in ítalics in these sentences with the correct form of pick and one these words. You need to use one of the words three times.
iat
on
out
upi
a Our plane landed at 4 a.m., so my brother came to collect us in his car. b He's such a bully - he always treats younger or weaker people unfairly. c I've got a terrible cold. I probably caught it at the swimming pool. d You can tell when she's worried - she just eats little bits of her food. e She's easyto spot in a crowd - she's verytall, and she's got long black hair. f I learned French when I lived in Paris. have and
take 2
Complete these sentences with the correct form of have or take. place this afternoon? a Do you know what time the ceremony
b
We don't want to
children until we're in our late twenties.
a nursing course next year. c Maria is thinking of care of themselves. d Their children are old enough to eldon,twantto-anargumentaboutthis'Weneedtodecide. enough time. f I'd like to visit the-gallery, but unfortunately we -
-
22
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Reading and Use of Engtish 1
You are §oin§
Part 5
to read an article about a computer scientist.
For questions 1-6, choose the answer (4, B, C or D) which you think fits best accordin§ to the text.
L How is Wendy Hall different
from many other computer
scientists?
A
She is fascinated by the technical details of computing.
B
She is not as creative as the majority of her colleagues.
C She is not interested in talking about the technicalities of computers.
D She is less well qualified than many of her colleagues. Why was Wendy Hall first attracted to computer science?
A She was interested in computer programming. B She saw the future potential for the use of computers. C She became addicted to playing computer games. D She enjoyed using her own personal computer. What was the purpose of the first software designed by Wendy Hall?
A lt helped upload texts on to computers. B lt made information available electronically. C lt enabled teachers to produce educational D lt helped other teachers she worked with.
a 0¿ o
videos.
4 What were Wendy Hall's feelings when she first became a
If
university lecturer?
..rJ
A She felt out of place as a woman in a man's world. B She couldn't use the same specialist language as her
tr
colleagues.
C She didn't
know the answers to questions she was
r
scientist, there is nothing geeky about her. ln fact, this
asked.
gregarious woman with a warm laugh is among the best and
D She was worried because her colleagues were better
brightest. As well as heading the University of Southampton's
qualified than her. They considered her ideas to be an important
Electronics and Computer Science department, Hall works closely with Tim Berners-Lee, the 'father of the Web'. So why
breakthrough.
did a woman who is indifferent to writing computer code or
How did other researchers react to what Hall proposed?
A
Although Wendy Hall is an internationally-renowned computer
B They suggested improvements to her basic ideas. C They didn't understand the importance of her ideas. D They said her ideas were not important for computer science in general.
s
discussing processor speed choose a career in lT, a field with a reputation for being dominated by geeky men? rs Hall's
How was Tim Berners-Lee's system different from Hall's?
A His system
a novelty. 'Allyou could do with PCs in those days was learn
depended on access to the internet.
B His system applied only to individual computers. C His system could not be used on individual computers. D His system did not require a computer hard drive.
work with computers began in the early 1980s, long
before the Web existed and when personal computers were
programming or play games,' she says, Like many women at that time, Hall avoided such activities: she was more interested rs
in pure mathematics. Her ability to appreciate abstract ideas is what then drew her to explore the growing field of computer
science. She taught herself to program, but it was the thought
of how computing could change people§ lives that fascinated her. 'l could see what was possible,' she says.
24
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]uelled ],usen all poztlear oLl asnecoq
iotlcee]
'auj rol lor.l eq plnoM ]! ),lu!tl] | 'sernleradutr-IlBWlTü"Éis ptnoc I IUtLt] ],uop | ]nq lee,i - ]xeu ,ieploq xul$l erpu¡!ol FuloF ¡o Fu¡¡urq] se/v\ | c
ollr ']l proJJe ],uec a/v\ Fw.'rl uFI,- lÉuiluede crlseluel e s,aroLll q
]ou pue arndr
;ffi]:;
',ou, p¡es s{u}red leB ol po}ue/v\ aM lW'darleru 4u .:. i) | i "... 'ueetrqtra ¡o,{op tilrl¡m eno¡'ú¡ [¡e¡ ¡ 'uealxts sem I uot]M e
Á1¡¡
'soloqd oluo;lcolo,o oseqelep e sem seapt 'losse roL,l oq o¡ penord tlolt-,lm lplep uor¡eur6eurr ¡npennod Jot,l sem
11
ut
sslrp
"
o+ paeu
U1rfo,ry l'¡pno¡ pexpt rorn+?el
eql
ry.pe1uou +e6 o+ c¡inoue p¡o et,l'eq¡
ou s,?req+
-
lsJU
qlpH ]o euo
lsotolullo IcBl Jotl pue
lenemoq 'uoos ,'otl; lso;olut
],uop,,¿eABL,l ]t soop eOetols t{cnul MoH,,.to ,,¿o0 }l soop
]sel MoH,, oxll suotlsonp, 'sÁes suls ,'leolutlcal Xp] l,uptp ¡r: osneceq etrenbepeul ]pJ sÁenn¡e ¡, 'Ou¡treplullul sem slslluolcs
rcpdutoc Ououre 6u¡¡tonn'IstlJ ]V'ocuotcs ;alnduuoc ul Duglplcads;e.lnice¡Á¡ueruun p oLUBOoq oqs ?861 ul ,*¿A¡¡Bcruor1cola alqelpAe sem
uq tnq\ot7n t§, 1
0o+
sltll
¡¡e ¡¡
Du¡zeue
CIq ¡! ],uplno¡¡,, :1q§noqt I 'saryluenb e6m¡ u¡srcpduoc -.: oluo soopn pue slueurnoop Ha+ §u$o0 u! polsa;elul sem
l, :pll/vl0u¡uun.r sem uolleu¡0eu¡Jat{ }nq 'pCIIJoM oq§ oJtq^ afia¡¡oo sri¡ 1.8 l"{peo} §an6rqloc rcq d¡eq o} orB¡AUos e¡du¡s lllnq aqs 'uollmnpo ro+ sofillq¡ssod ornln] Inoqe 0uHulr.{l
I'ltpd pepn+s o pnls,l¡
'tulrp 0+ 0u to{
+ot¡ 001 s!
ea[ot
s1t¡¡
'pooF ro pe/v\olle fressecau s! ueql eJolll = oo¡
qflnoue pue oot
JeLULUer9
Reading and Use of Engtish Part4 1, For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meanins to the first sentence, using the word g¡ven. Do not changle the word g¡ven. You must use between two and five words, includin§ the word given. Here is an example (O). EXAMPLE
O Jason adds up fisures well for someone his age. GOOD
Jason 1
is good at adding
up
figures for someone his age.
We were in too much of a hurry to eat before we left. TIME
to eat before we left.
We
2
lt is certain that she will pass her music exam. BOUND
She
3
her music exam.
I am meeting my tutor at 2 o'clock
this afternoon.
ARRANGED
with my tutor at 2 o'clock this afternoon. Many countries have introduced a new law to ban smoking in public places. BROUGHT
ln many countries, a new law
to ban smoking in public
places.
5
a q) o L
lt's improbable that we'll ever go there again. UNL¡KELY
there again.
We
t
.t
Dan learned Russian when he lived with a family in Moscow. He didn't study it formally. PICK
-t
Dan didn't study Russian formally. He in Moscow.
living with a family
Vocabutary Personality adjectives
L
Match the follow¡ng adjectives with their definitions. An example is given.
oráve cáring
ór,eé.rul
*.reáfiré -ánáiá"iiC
entñrriá;iñ
fa"
A person who...
a has had a good education. b is always lively and doesn't tire easily. c is original, artistic and imaginative. d is calm and does not get annoyed or frustrated. e is helpful and sympathetic to other people. f is not afraid of dangerous situations. g is friendly and enjoys being with other people. h
treats everyone equally.
i j k I
is efficient and good at making and carrying out plans. is healthy and in good physical condition. is interested in and excited about something. is the opposite of lazy.
m is always happy and optimistic. 26
well-educated
a (¿ o
LZ 'Ful>1rom
dols ,ierll
uaLUv\
s¡¡e¡ Eurnr¡ Jo prepuels
lot,l] ]eql
sueoLU
sltll
9
']sed eq] ut ueql reBuo¡ Furnr¡ ere e¡doed se suorsued uo Eu¡pueds acnpo; o1,{¡uteu s! s!L{I
I
'soseostp lsuleBe lUE4 ¡nlsseccns aL{} o} ,{¡eile¡ onp sl slL.lI n 'uarpllL]c pue sa^l/v\ llot,l] JoJ eptnold ol a^eLl os¡e ,{eq1 t
'a^rosop a¡doed plo ]eq] Eultllauos sl slLl] matn Áu u¡ c 'sa¡qeleFen pue ltnlJ alotu Fullee ele e¡doed 'acuelsul ro¡ T
'
"ü
:i?,;Hff :ffi ;;ff;: JT:il', l::i:ffi : :::ffifi j (uor¡euro,rul euolllppv) I
'sluered Á¡rep¡a
laql
roge Eur¡oo¡ roj alqlsuodser are suos ]soplo 'sorn]lnc euos ul p (uoseag) 'aBe ]ueuaJtlor aU] Fulsler ore sluauu.lenoB auos c
(e¡dueq) 'sÁe¡n,{ueut ut peno;dutl a^eq s}olp s,a¡doe¿
q
(uorleue¡dxl) 'lsed aLl] u! p!p ,iaLl] ueql reBuol Fulnll ete e¡doed leql ]ce} e s! ]l e 'slelcerq u! uen¡F Áem eq¡ g-T acuatues Ful}roddns oq} asoot{C
u! (J-e) secueluas c¡do¡ eql to qcee s^ ollot
r,.lclr{/r^
'1¡eslno,{ to¡
Fu
t¡toivt
pue re,{o¡due ue rol Eu¡¡ronn ¡o safie}uenpeslp pue sefie}ue^pe are oroLll
V
'Fu¡nr¡ e oIe¡|.l o] SrnoLl Fuol ,ilen llo/v\ o] a^ell ,ieru ,iaql lo 'seBem relnFel EulUeF 'osro/v\ laB JO OlnS Aq ]OUUeC ,{eq1 'Son¡ASUJOL]} IOJ IrO/v\ Oqrvr a¡dOed ro1 sy 'ieu g suotltpuoc Fu¡¡rorvr lnoÁ lo qol tnoÁ aso¡ Áetr noÁ laÁo¡due ue lo] Ilo/v\ no,{ ,t¡ 'IloM ,ieu¡] ueqm optcop o1,{1r¡rqrxep pue uopoer} orotu uaq} senlF uot}en}ls sltl} pu[ pa,ioldua-1¡es are or.lm a¡doed Áue6¡ ']uo!lc ouo ueLl] arout JoJ stseq acuelool] ¿ e uo Ful>ltom io ssautsnq uA o ror.ll Euluels ere ,{eq1 ueou ,ietu stql
's,{ept¡oq p¡ed pue s;nol1
l-
§
.tc
Eu¡¡ror,n a¡qeldacce o^eLl Áeqt let,ll sueou Á¡¡ensn slLll 'prepuels qllq e Jo suolllpuoc Eulxlonn aneLl pue Á¡te¡nFet p¡ed ale SJo)4Jo/v\ 'leÁo¡due poofl e aneLl ,iaql Jl
T.
'sonlesuall] JoJ IroM o] Fulsool.lc /v\ou ere e¡doad ¡o tequnu Bu¡see;cut ue )enemog J 'umo Jtorl] Jo sossautsnq lnlssaccns Áran peuels aneq I eldoed Áue6¡ e ^AouI 'uotlsenb slLl] o] raMSUe Jealc ou sr ,i>4sl.r
aroL,l]
c
ro¡
p
]eq] sl uotu¡do umo ,{ul 'dn uns o1
oo] eq plno/v\ pe,io¡dule-Jlas Euleq'a¡doad Áuetu
:ra,{o¡due ue lo¡ ),Uo^ sqof aneq oqrvr e¡doed ]sotu ',{l}ueun3 q 'suotlenlts ]uau,{oldrla Ll}oq o} seBe}ue^pesrp eJe aroll}'Á¡e1eun¡o¡u¡ e 'secualues et{} lo o/r^l esn o} poau lou op no¡'qderFered qcee e}elduoc ot (¡-e) ecualues cldol lcorroc oql asooqg ,¿reÁo¡due ue rol Jo ¡¡eslnoÁ ,ol IJo^ ol lalteq l! st, uollsenb eq¡ ol ra^,\sue e¡dues e tuo¡l uelel o¡e qcllyt^'7-tr sqdetBercd peeg \i.,.i[¡ {d,$
af ;,i"{.$,6ta4+
§+,r , io, r'
[Í'
,f'li, ¡r ll
r lred 8ur1u¡¡
Vocabutary
o lq= (=)
E
@ Travet
C (o
o
1
Complete these sentences with the appropriate word from this list.
.to.:-il{ _ *gryl:e* _ g}g,i:l9t__i_o_Tlg"y
lg_yl _ttp _ a lf you live in the south of England, it's easy to go on a day to France. b Have you ever been on a gu¡ded of Westminster Abbey? c Do you know, my to work took over an hour this morning. price d The of the holiday includes a full-day to a place of cultural
i
(o l-
+J
¡f)
.ü
C
_y_oJ?_q_"__
interest.
e f
The
ferry
was cancelled because of rough seas.
Last year, we went- on a
around the Mediterranean. The ship was very
luxurious.
g
The Titanic sank on its first
transatlantic
to New York.
2 Choose the correct alternative in italics in these sentences. a We made / d¡d a lot of si§htseeing when we were in Athens. b The campsite / camping was very crowded, so we had to install /
put up our tent
close to the exit.
c The plane set down / landed on time. d Once the passengers had got in / boarded the plane, the cabin staff / crew asked them to fasten / close their seat belts. e Next year, we're going on a cheap packase / charter holiday to Portugal. f lf you lose / miss the train, you'll just have to wait for the next one. g The bus / coach trip to Bruges was fully booked / reserved. h On the cruise, when we stopped at the major ports / harbours, most of the passengers got out / disembarked. Did you make / take a lot of photos while you were away? j It's much more interesting to drive on country ways / lanes than motorways. k She bought the hand-carved elephant as a souvenir / memory of her safari holiday. I
28
6Z
ffi ffi
[ffi ffi tffi
g roleads raleads roleads
, t
z raYeods T roYeods
'arnlua^pe ue seM ,iem srql Eu¡¡¡ener1 'Fulllener] e¡doed Eu!]saralut
Áem
¡1
oLuos ]aul I g |I |l
'ureBe Áeal stql lo^el] plno/v\ 'acuar.radxa peluroddesrp ,ilfqBlls se^ aq],{q 'du] aq] pua aL{} ,iq po}sneqxa sem Jro
'olqeuolruocun Fulllo^er] ¡o
slq] punot
IO
IC
'¡n¡d¡eq ¡{.ran a.rem JJe}s aL,lI
I
'pelcadxe ueql iaFuol tlcnu Xool,{aurno[aql V 'esn ol poou lou op noÁ qc¡qrn sreual erlxo aaJql a¡e o¡aql'ecuo Áluo s¡etle! eql asn 'sÁes ra¡eads qceo leLUrA (U-V) lsll eqt uorl asootlc'g-tr suo¡¡sanb rol 'uo ueaq o^eq ,(etll sÁau¡no[ ¡noqe Fulltel ere e¡doed qclq^^ u! s]cerlxe ]¡otls e^[ reaq ll!^ no^ g'T (] T
r lred SuluaJstl
0) t-
f, I =) L
oc
'au
o o
uo
ereds riue aneq ],uplp se,ieuou ¡{ue reBBeq eL{} oAlF o} alqe },use/v\ | I 'u^^op learq ,iaq1 ueqm sJec plo JoJ a.reds laB of ]lncuJlp s,]l
CU
l-
¿-
+J
ereds rnoÁ ur Eu¡op e¡¡¡ noÁ op ]eL,l/v\'spuouJ r.llr^ ]no EuloB tror¡ yedy
ro {., c,
-
ereds aq] ul daa¡s uec no^ 'oruoc no,{ ueqm dn noÁ
pd
Á¡tsea uec
aM
c
.eln}cundeleEnoAesecul-eledseÑrccp|noLlSno^q
Jec lor.,ll FuUet arem Áaq1 'spuau}
e.reds e peq Áeq1 se ouloc o] polue/v\ | Jr pelse pue euos qltan d¡11,{ep e uo acuell o} }uo/v\ ¡ 'teaÁ 1se1 e
i-"JL -:gll - x1.-" lrrL-*:]l?"1*-9:y9!: i
'ls!l slr,ll ruorl pro/n e¡e¡rdordde oql qlr^ sacuoluos asaq¡ e¡e¡duo3
)ec
aL,l]
¡red ¡ aroJoq leuruuo] aq]
]e
ll,l
noÁ
n
ateds
qil^
suolsserdx3 @
V
'pueleoz /v\aN
ol
o] Áem rno uo sÁep ¡o e¡dnoc e ro¡ Fuoy Fuo¡1 ul
EuloE
eJ,oM t
'alel s;noLl aolLl] eue¡d aL¡] pue 'pe,ie¡ep sem lqft¡1 eq1 o o}uol}e}Sot]}o}}uo^^SpUal]Jpue,i¡tue¡.,,-,,,.on,n-,I}l*,,-,.*p 'eBuno¡ etnlredap e¡n'uodre oL{} }e penure e/v\ se uoos sV c .tvtouÁqajaq}eqplnoqSÁeq1os.'LU.e8}eUodlleaq}lo¡-,(eq1q
or.l] o] UBnorql luam pue
¿-
eu
pue ouoc no,i p¡no3 'Eulurotu fitee aq] ul Furnure sl ]tlElu
,{t
i*:_i,di-i:d_"qe *g::":[_ffi
'"-"*".*^**
-ue u! lsll slrll ruoll q¡el ¡eserqd
e ^*. :
'tuJol ale!¡dordde eleudo¡dde ue Lll!/rt secualuos asaqt e¡e¡dtuo3
e lelerl :sq¡ol leseJqd
Complete this story with verbs from the list below. Use an appropriate past tense and make any other changes that are
Grammar Past tenses
necessary.
1
i-*
ia iobegin id
Choose the correct alternative in ítalics in these sentences.
Jan was go¡ng/ went to live in ltaly in 2OLO. She hadn't been in the country long before she got / was gett¡ng married.
get out
I
i^drive
i
G*" ---p"k ,p--**"-"-*l make rain shake notice reach try open realize wait
get in
off
give have
i
i i
'Didn't you finish / Haven't you finished your homework yet, Alex? You haye been doing / have done it for ages.' 'l d¡d / have done most of it, but I'm stuck on the last bit.' I know I said I'd phone you as soon as lsot / had got back but I can't remember where I have been writins down wrote down your new number.
/
It's typical, isn't it? I had just put / just put shampoo on my hair when the phone had rung / rang.l was thinking / thought it might be important, so I have rushed / rushed downstairs. Needless to say, it had stopped / has stopped ringing before I was reaching / reached il. e
'l'm terribly sorry, but I have forgotten
/
forgot your name.'
f Police said that the man they wanted to question had / o l-
was having long hair and has been wearing / was wearing a denim jacket and jeans. He was driving off / had driven off in a stolen car.
t
iulie has just covered / had just covered herself in suntan
E
lotion when the sun went cloud.
f
f (J
c (()
/
had Sone behind a large black
I was thinking / have thought of calling Sam and have just picked up / had just picked up my address book to look up her number when the phone started / was start¡ng ringing. lt was herl
0) ro l-
+J
ro
'ls anything the matter?'
.1J
tr
'No. I have peeled / have been peeling onions. Onions always make me cry.' I was sitting / sat on the bus on my way to work when realized I left/ had left something cooking on the stove. I
One evening, a young woman (1) through lonely counmyside. It (2) heavilv and it (3) to get dark. Suddenly, she (4) an old woman by the side of the road, holding her thumb out as if she wanted a lift. 'I can't leave her out in this rveather,' the young woman said to herself, So she stopped the car and (5) the door. 'Do you want a lift?' she (6) . The old woman nodded and (7)
Asshe(8)-herselfcomfortable.theyoungwoman asked -- her, '(9) you long?' The- old woman (10)
her head. 'You were lucky, then,' the young woman commented, rvondering why the old woman never spoke. She (11) again. 'Nasty weather for the time of year,' she continued. The old woman nodded in agreement.- No matter what the voung rvoman said, the hitchhiker (12) no ans\\¡er except for a nod or a shake of the head.
All of a sudden, the young woman
(13)
passenger's hands were very large and hairv.
'With
that her a shock she
(14)-thatthehitchhiker§,,aSn'tanoldwomanat all but
e
'I can't
see out of the rear
man dressed up
as
an old woman. She braked suddenly.
''W'ould you window,' she explained. mind cleaning it for me?' The hitchhiker nodded and opened the car door. As soon as the hitchhiker (15) of the car, the terrified woman (16) ar top speed.
\lhen
she
(17)
noticed that the hitchhiker She
30
(19)
bag was a gun. She
it
(20) -
the next village, she stopped. She a handbag behind. and opened it. Inside the
(18) -
a
narrow escape!
IT
ssll.u c alqeuo c olqelr^aur c
pto^e o axeu o
acue/v\Olle C
le^oJdde o
Áreurpro 3
lelauoF o
ocuapl^e c
qlnr] o
alns o Á¡¡en1ce
sÁepemou
Eu¡do¡enep 3
Fulseercul o pailu o
C
o
@ryD
]ce] I leurou g
¡oord uor.ur.uoc
]ol
eBeueu I ureuac g ,i¡luertnc g
adecse
ssed g
uorssruu.lad
I
lruu.red
Eu¡ster g llnJ
I
olruuap
V
v
8 L
Vg V9
v? vt
,{¡uelueuou V e Fulpeards V tr Vo pe>,lced
'peor eLl] ssortr o1 ueq] (g) ue
/ e sureurar lllls t! '-
(¿)
erou pue oroLu 6ururoceq
ÁB
ol reles sr ]r }eq1 q6noqf¡y
st ]uoPrf,ur +o Uos srqf
'slq6l[ 6ururocu¡ req]o o] onp puel ot (9) penrecet 1o¡rd or.l] ololeq solnutul Á¡rqt lor.lunj e seM 1r 'ronennoq 'r{¡6ursudrns leqnneLuos 'lo}sestp olqtlJo} e uooq ped¡eq of,uorradxe pue ssauurlef, srH 'lenl s,eue¡d aL1] +o ]soLU a^eq plnotr leqM
dorp
otr
q6noue
116rq
+e6 o]
(S)
of
uurq
urlr.1
(t) or peeds
lln+ uo seur6ue
roqlo eql lnd
1o¡rd eq1
'jlo-e)e]
ouO ' (g) senn qsert e lri6noq+ euo,{rene 1eq} rorye pe¡re1 peq seur6ue rno] s,eue¡d oq] 1snI ]o (¿l erc slelll]]O sesnoq ,{qteeu .la^o Mol os MeB 1e[ oqrunl. e erel]M ]uopr)ur ]uaf,or e 6urÁpn1s
(¡) sr - sluepllul snote6uep
0) ¡-
orour pue oroLu le6 suodre s,plroM oq] punore sor)s ot{} sV
f ! f
(J
E
C
((l 0) (o
t-
+J
ro .1J
tr
'(O) Fuluulleq eq¡ le alduexe ue s! oreql'deF qcee qU lsaq (O ro C'g 'V) /a/nsue qclLl,l aptcep pue oleq lxal eql peal 'g-tr suollsenb ¡oJ T
^
r tred L,lstl8ul Jo asn pue Eulpeau
Reading and Use of Engtish
Part 6
1 You are soing to read a newspaper article about a future expedition
to the planet Mars. Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
A
They are looking for applicants who are healthy, smart enough to learn new skills and able to function in a small group.
B The viewing fisures and income they brought in were also influential. C One would have to agree with their reaction, given that the privately-financed
plan
does not involve a return journey.
D Applications had been expected to be around the one million mark, however. E The pioneers will also face lethal hazards such as high doses of cosmic radiation and potentially toxic Martian dust.
F
This is the number of people who have so far offered to join an ambitious private mission to send a group of four men and women to Mars in 2023.
G And the final total could rise even higher before the deadline for applications is reached. Mars.
ffi
The quatity of the appticants is very high, according
to Bas Lansdorp, the Dutch entrepreneur who dreamed up the scheme tast year.
o t-
Lansdorp's plan is to create a media event which is 'exciting,
f, ! f
aa
L)
!
inspiring and beautiful gave him his idea.
c
o o
ffi
just
tike the Otympic Games. which
The estimated f4bn cost of the Mars
mission witt be met by tetevision rights and other kinds of media sponsorship, and atthough Big Brother creatol Pau[
ro l+J
Romer, is one of those sittíng on the Mars One board, the event
u)
:s
wi[[ not be a TV reatity show.
.1J
C
A selection committee wil.t begin to sort the appticants in the I
I
.
coming weeks, and shorttists witl be drawn up in the coming year. ffif*l Nearl.y a quarter of the appticants Live in the United -l
States. The space nations of China, Brazit, lndia and Russia so
r A,o,ne-way ticket to another ptanet where there is no ,
wat€f or food tlt
*
and certainty no return home
-
air
the ti§t of the 140 countries where the appticants
live. Britaiil comes in 6th ptace with about 7.m. The pLan is to buitd teams of four peopte, each from a different continent,
no
who wiLt live and train together for seven years before the first
may not sound
lot of fun. hlowever, to the 165,000 appticants, the to live permanently on Mars has been too tempting ffi They wil.t be the first intrepid pioneers for a
corTt€ next on
manned taunch in
l}2l,arriving the fol.l.owing
year.
'ü$portunity
i io
l
rs Rockets carrying cargo, food and
to Mars a few years in advance of the manned tanding. A
permanent space cotony on the Red Planet.
further crew of four peopLe wiLl arrive two years after the first astronauts have tanded. Lansdorp insisted that the míssion was
The organizers of the Mars One mission said they were surprised
by horv rnany peopte
ha offered to become the first astrCInauts
to tand and tive on Mars. io impossibte,
m
viable, even though drinking water wiLl. have to be coltected This is not because it woutd be +o from the Martian soil by robotic exptorers before the astronauts are able to tand.
but because of the technica[ difficul.ty and cost of
fuel.l,ing the trip home.
their country to cover the administrative fees of the selection process. Neverthel.ess, even this smatt financiat penatty has rs faited to dissuade the tens of thousands who dream of going to
ffi
But Berhaps the biggest obstacte of all witl. be the psychotogicat anxiety of knowing there is no return joumey no matter what happens. 'They witl only step into the rocket if they reatly want
Each appl.icant has had to pay on average $25, depending on
32
tiving modutes wi[[ be sent
*s
to so. The risk is theirs and they can't change their mind once thel¿ are on the way,'Mr Lansdorp said.
Eg 'leoc Jo acord e laF lsnl-llt/v\ Áeq1 'peq are Áaq1 ¡1'poo? ere /ioll] ¡r lueserd e ]oE Á¡uo ¡¡rrvr Áaql leql peuJe/v\ aje uerplrr.lc 'sluosard rleq] uerp¡rqc qsruedg ualuv\ sr Árenue¡ g ]eF ]soru 'peorqe laler] noÁ ueqm
op ],uplnolls pue plnol,ls noÁ leqm ]noqe acr^pe pooF aAlF Allensn serueduroc Áepr¡o¡1 'uercrsnu poo? Áren e s! oH ']edunr] aql sÁe¡d 'epered oq] ul Ued >loo] oqm 'qoce¡ raqlorq Á6¡ e 'surened luarelJrp Áueu ur sossoJp ac/u ero/v\ uor.uo/v\ oq] lle lenrlsal aq] ]V p 'unLl se/v\ ouo ou ,i¡Furzeue ]nq ']uoprcce peq e ur pa^lo^ur oJo/v\ oM 'areq1Áem eq1 uo 'FuoJ/v\ ]uo^ Eulr.,lt{renf ,{epr¡oq peq Árc¡ e seM }l
sn Lflr^ erel o] crucrd
ouu
esn epeu Áaq1 'acru Áren are¡n qlrrvr peÁe1.TlilJ:i;rT q 'Áep Árene
ror..fleo/v\ poo? peL.l o/v\ i I
; ,ilr.,lBneu
pue 'pooB Áren sem lolor.l orl] ul poot or.,ll Áepr¡oq poo? e seM
-iruüñ--
]l
e
"-
xüuñé sñóuál- xui,ci ñ*G+na ^ pul),1 a¡qe,iol'ua snorlsesrp snorcrlop paqs¡¡dtuocce
i i
'ocuo Á¡uo er¡¡cefpe qcee asn ']s!l slr,lt ruort en¡¡ce[pe e]errdordde lsou eq] r.ll!^ scrrel u! so^llce[pe eq¡ ece¡deg 'p!^!^ ororu uo¡¡d¡lcsep e eleu qclLl/r^ sen¡¡ce[pe ,or4lo Aq pece¡de,t eq uec Aaql 'pasn ,a^o ua¡o ile peq pue poof 'ec¡u sen¡¡cefpe eql T
lselelu! Fullea¡C
z red 8ur1u¡¡ o t-
!= :f
e¡qrsuodser I
(J
-o
luelled ornleu
C
(()
o
e p
]sauoLl
(()
t-
--IDr1úú-
¡f) .11
tr
ar¡¡ce[pe
c
InJSSoccns q
--frn1r1T
enltepeN
lerou
e
er¡¡ce[py
unoN
.uen¡F s¡ e¡duexo uV'sa^!lce[pe eseq]
lo srurol an!]eFeu eql pue sunou Fulsslru eqt elUA
e
sen¡¡ceJpe en¡¡eEe¡
AANI1IASSISIC]S
HOtnsllNyndlre rlovncu^todltN ldrHolzxcrssyr lMeNtttoScln9z llltuNnuctEvll l9SSnOtUVttHtl clnnrno^d3nxvu VSdOH
I]CC]NJ
po;!] Á]sel spJo/r^
lleus
]oL.l
Áuun¡ ,il.rlp ploc
eql'sa^rlce[pe leurou asaql o¡ puodsarJoc
Llc!r..1/r,\
Flq
,üEue
'uollcerlp Áue u¡ oF uec senr¡cefpe otuarlxa aql pu!l
T
sen¡¡ce[pe
ouar]xI
Ále¡nqero¡
Reading and Use of Engtish 1
Part 6
you are going to read an article about sleepwalking. six sentences have been removed gap (1-6)' from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each use. to you need not do There is one extra sentence which she had been making them in her sleep. B She did not realize that anything was wrong at first' C These work by temporarily stopping the body entering the phase of sleep which accomPanies sleePwal ki ng. D She does not look fonruard to turning the lights out at nisht.
A lt turned out that
E lt may seem amazing, but all these kinds of things are possible' F Others include severe tiredness or the excessive consumption of alcohol. G ln the majority of cases, the experience is quite uneventful'
! .E
E
o
-c +J
(o .1J
C
r Dangerous as well as embarrassing, sleepwalking remains ''ü@y; wh,il¿ its,resülts ian be both up§efting and t.úUpreeictabiu Despite their popular image as zorrbieIike figures who stumble about with outstretched arms,
to thern (rnanyof thern internatioRal), none of which she remembered. ffiJ-l she has since been forced to hide her
,
i
telephone in a drawer at night.
It is estimated that
a§
many a§ one in three children and one
I sleepwalkers are often capable of performing complex acts' Dr esintwentyadu1tssleepwa1katsometime.Expertsbelievethe ,
''
Peter Fenick says their capabilities are surprising. 'I've known ptuaimir *t o have got onto motsrbikes, ridden horses,
'-'
tarnis
condition is rnastcommoü among children and the thdy, ' though the reasan for this remains a mystery. What is'nsw' becoming clear is that sleepwalking tends to run in famities;r
a***ry.ffiJ:r,
str*ss or anxiety are believed to be major causes'
*¡*otgsr exFerti believe that such complex
behaviour occurs when the individual is suffering from "üá¿tffi,blaikouts or amnesia. Tt e*e p*duce wtrat is called ,ti,the,,f.ugUer¡{frre. In this condition, the individual enters a rc
lighter state of sleep and can coPe more easilywith lengthier
'
who is usuallyback in bed within fifteen minutes'
'i, fiát
fudefinitirxr giver,tn however; few people are á¿**ái"trr,imng *"d articulate when rhey are asleep as .¡auerfd f',ro' London, r+ho f,og'nd that her phone bill
ha ,.m s uttS¡, r ted. she later díscovered why. Friends :*¡',-#áutd rema* on lengthy late-night ea1ls she had made
34
'
-
"
:* Sleepwalking is thought to start about ninety minutes af It leads to lit1le,y.or1¡!ry'a a person Soes to sleep. ffi the opening of a few,dralv¡rs. or watrkround the bedroCIm
,.
' '
"
Injuries most oftea occur when sleepwalkers'belieVe thef r ', " áre sornewhere they are not: windows, stAirsand elect1i ,
and more complicated tasks than the average sleepwalker, rs
ffi
,,
:=
,
,
appliances can lead to disaster.
n1
Nancy Harrison from wiltshire woke r.rp *hirnering orre to find the bedroom window uride open andher hr¡sbandi ,",' ' .ro.th4' Robert,§ bed empty.ffi-l'I assumed Robert ,
had
bathroout. But when I went to close the wiqdor¡¿ tr saW his
,
I
tb
'Fullsneqxe
/
pe¡sneqxe Á¡e¡n¡osqe
u,l
'peq ol oF lsnf ll,l
),lulr.l]
I
')4ool o] olot,lA /v\oul ],Uplp | 'auleu JaLl laql.rlotuoJ ],uplnoc ueq/v\ Fwsseueqwa / pessu)equlo os seM ]l I 'au!] Futnup lleull ssed ],uop e¡doed ]sru lsel / pelu¡oddeslp oo] oq o] lou ,{4
]sohl 'Fulluloddesp
,ie¡niue paqBnel ¡
¡nq'Fu¡snwe
/
pasnwe Á¡re¡ncryed
elo|all]
pulJ ],uplp
I
i;onocoJ o¡ Áepr¡oq
e poou l'Funsneqxe
/
petsne¿/xa ]nq leetF sem dU]
etll
'plo/v\Ssolc otl] o] lolv\Sue ]sel aLl] pu[ ],uplnoc or-l uoLl/v\
/
Fulletlsrul
peletpn4 Á¡euer¡xo
se/v\
olod
¡Par ]LlFuq
E .E
]ua/v\ ¡ ,{euou tlBnoue o^ell },uprp I pazlleei pue lllq oq} pessu)equla os se/v\ | ¡(ed ol luo/y\ I uaq/v\ ?u¡sseteqwa
/
'LUlrl
E (¡)
-C +J (c'
dn pepue I leL,¡} ueu aq} qllm Fulz(ouue
]e Eulmoqs
/ peÁouue os }oE
',{ep Árana sBultll or.l] op no¡'Fugoq
..rJ
I
aues
/ penq os aq uec oc4Jo ue ur Eu!>lroM 'fiwsseueqwe
tr
/
pesseueq{//a se lla/v\ se snoretuep oq uec Eu¡¡¡emdea¡g e
'a!q
o+ +xeu
tls 0l
s+uDM
oul oN '6upoq s! utlo¡ 'e¡doed Jaqlo uo seLl
Fulqleuos ro euoeuos lco¡Ja eql eqlrcsep sa^llcoÍpe Fuf 'a6uoqt p
s+uDM
eH 'paroq s!
utlol
'sloel ro sloot ouoeuos Áem eq¡ oq¡csap sen¡¡ce[pe pe-
eLll esoor,.lc
'f-e secualues u! scrreil u! ollleurelle lco¡roc ueql'^ olaq xoq eql u! uolletu¡olu! eql peeu e sen¡¡cefpe íut- pue pe-
posseJrequra
peluloddeslp
paroq
pasnue
peÁouue
palerlsnrl
palsneL.lxe
pesr.rdrns
en!lcefpv
unoN
@
unoN
en¡¡cefpy
'uen!F sen¡¡ce[pe aq] o] pe]ele, sunou aq] ql!/r^ elqet eq] ateldu¡oC T
Fulp¡lnq p¡o/n
O
Árelnqero¡
Grammar
My uncle didn't give up the doctor told him he risked
Gerunds and infinitives
attack.
1
Pleased
Complete these sentences with an appropriate preposition and verb in the glerund form from the lists below. You can use the prepositions more than once. An example is g¡ven.
j
pass i become do on i orlng draw persuade put up with i break get
against of
i at i tor
i¡n
(smoke), even after (have) a heart
(meet) you. Glad
(hear) you're enjoying your stay. Can you
imagine
(be) famous and (have) enough money to do whatever you
wanted?
il
Have you
I i
considered
(get) a part-time job
to make some extra money?
i
!
I do
apologize for bringing Rachel to your party, but she
insisted
Most politicians are extremely skilled
Vocabu[ary
in
public.
Personal qualities
the same thing Even though he was bored day in day out, he never made an effort to look for a new
1
job. A good salesperson is
-
clever
people to buy
things they don't really need. the vase. lt was Greg's
I'm not responsible fault.
Due to the increasing number of burglaries in the area,
the police are warning
!
people
C
open.
E
Jack is quite capable school, but he never does.
o
s+J
-
their windows good marks at his
The examiner congratulated Graeme
(o
driving test first time.
.tE
i
our
Despite the strong wind, we succeeded
tent.
j
David is good
",
.r.rr.**
'
but he -isn't really interested
Complete these sentences with the gerund -or infinitive form of the verbs in brackets. Remember that some verbs can take both the infinitive and the gerund but with a change of meaning.
a
(waste) time and at least lf you don't stop (get) the report finished today, the boss try will be furious. 'We regret (inform) passengers of the cancellation of the 10.06 train to Glasgow.'
-
The- directions she gave me were easy
(follow), so I was lost. I
36
meant
-
amazed
(find) I still Sot
(get up) earlier, but I forgot (set) my alarm clock.
Which of the adjectives below describe positive personal qualities (P), which describe negative personal qualities (N), and which could be either positive or negat¡ve (P / N)?
a boring b optimistic c determined d efficient e friendly t patient g sensible h serious i emotional j jealous k envious I thoughtful What prefixes are added to the adjectives in ítalics in make them ne§ative?
1to
What are the nouns related to each of the adjectives in L?
LE
Á¡ree dn
olsn s,}l
',{¡ree dn leB o} our roJ rarseo EulUeE
roLlleoA
oL.l]
uec
9
ll
OUVH
']lnculrp sor.u rlauos sr JaLlleom 'lloM se
orl] Fullclpord 9 opt
oNlN '¡¡am se Fu r.uoc lned
o] uollce[qo ou o^el]
'nOr{
|
?
ALIS
NV]hI 'no,i Eurl¡nsur Jo uorluolur ou pel{ oL.ls
'uroq sem ,iqeq oq] Joue ull} otl] roJ
t
auer
IN]M 'uJoq sem Áqeq aq] roge
'p!es
ro E
ull
ot.l] to] ),lio^
ol penutluoc ouef z asrou aLll
aLl ler.lM
.E
'osrou
o
.C
+J
or.l] Jo
'eBe s¡q ouoauos rort
o3rN3A3Ud asnecaq ples ol,l ]eLlM reaq ],uplnoc I T
sernFtt
uosef
(o .1J
'eBe s¡q auoaulos Jot lloiv\ sarnEU dn sppe
tr
oooc uose[
0
31d1lVX3
'(g) e¡duexe ue s! aroH 'uenlF pro^ eLll Fu!pnlcul 'splom a^U pue o^ l uea^,Ueq lsnu no¡'uan¡! pro/rt aql eFueqc lou oq 'uen¡F plo/rt eql FuFn 'ecualues ls¡lt otlt ol Fulueeu relluls e seq ll leql os ocuoluas puocas eqt elalduoc'g-tr suol¡senb lo3 T
esn
vred Llsrl8ul Jo osn pus Sulpeau or.ll ol leF ],uo¡n no^ 'anonb e ur are noÁ
¡re>iclnb,iue luol¡ Eulaq ]utod ou s,aJoLlI
uall^
t{
'sraFuerls
o] ),lle] Á¡rpeer no,{
'Eurtl}"*:.
¡¡ran
,ieq1
lar.,l] Jol u^
oul
llom ale e¡doed qsl11ocs 7
'Fu!,irl deay o] o^eL,l I ,r"rvr ,i¡¡eer noÁ,t¡ 'ssoccns Jo o}nqu1¡e }ueuodtul ue sl ¡o polp ]sotule I 'pua ro^au plno^ Eulleeul aLl] ]tlBnoql I e
aq] o] pueul¡r¡F
'LUlLl qllm ur a^ol lltls s,ot,ls oux ^ no,{ Jo
ou srrl pue puau¡Áoq-xa s,estl altnut o] ]snr] ueo no^ 'UlE
^ Ápreq¡oo,r Eulrlviue op o] ]ou rall
no¡ Áyed c
euuv
p
}l
sem
e st
o
o
0
'r{}uncesur JO
paria-ueelB eq], se umoul
]lnsal oql uauo sl
os¡e' -
q
'oPls ltlFuq aq] "rolsuou -,(ren s,oH 'uosted ¡o pul),1 uo s)1ool s,{em¡e pue ,lln,t }leul sselB, e s! ,{tleg e 'unou ro en¡¡ce[pe e]eudoldde ue q]l^A sacue]ues asaq¡ e¡a¡duto3 V
-
Vocabutary Collocations 1 Complete these sentences with an appropriate adjective from this Iist. One adjective
is
used more than once.
close IL__*_
hard
hear4 heavy
serious
a
Unemployment is a
b
The forecast for tomorrow is
---
stron -aei problem nowadays.
for
winds and rain in the west, and
scattered showers elsewhere. traffic. c He said he had been held up in d I went on holiday with a ---- friend. works to people who have never used a computer internet how the e Trying to explain
f 2
is
work.
The punishment
for
crimes like murder is life imprisonment.
Complete these sentences with an adverb or a verb from this list in the appropriate form.
-
i attentively become j soundly take
express
find
hard
(x2)
heavily
passionately
!
I
-.-J
that I didn't hear my alarm go off. a I was sleeping so -a solution to the problem of global warming. b Governments need to =---.c lf you work , you'll be finished by lunchtime. the exam three times a yeard You can and was well over the limit. e The motorist had been drinking problem for farmers, who need to harvest their a f The wet weather is crops soon. -.-g Everyone listened to what the boss was saying. and almost convinced me he was right. h The politician argued his point before I remembered where I had seen him before. i I had to think j She the opinion that there was too much violence on TV.
p .E E 0)
-C +J
(o .'H
tr
3
Choose the correct alternative in ítalics. Sometimes both words are possible.
a When we were on holiday, we went on / took a short / smallcoach trip to Loch Ness. b lt was a tough / hard decision lo make / do. c She had spent / passed her life helping others. d The store has a wide / bt§ range of products. e Competition for the contract was fierce / hard. f People who violate / break the law should be punished. g I can't afford lo run / keep a car even though I direct / run my own business. h There are reports of important / seyere delays on the Central Line. i The motorist admitted to breakinÉ/ passing the speed limit. j The bookshelf came with ful/ / complete instructions on how to build it. k I'm afraid I wasn't giv¡ng/ paying attention to what she was saying. I We rented / hired a car for a few days when we were on holiday. m The band Coldplay will be playing / performin§ live on TV. n The dream was so clear / vivid it seemed real.
38
6t
r.l"!L.l¡^
'a +"o#a '§-¡our +ou I '(1uhLa aJu Lprr.uv\ op uuc adoad sra#^r+ao -€\4+o (uut^r arr2 a.-\aq+ +"alp a¿rsoddo eq+ onuq uue |! sraq+o eru Gq+ uaq¡^ afdoed a\^.tot -ro1 (du-^eq¿ poo6 v aq fuu,
ro3. +hq'l',no1 6r¡1ea1
aen\¡,r dn u,rns oI 'X.ro¡A *y r* oos €L{+ Q -^o ep,s(^1wo" or.l+ q +ho 6.^pg pao\^¡ J!a\.{+ \ro +a#a anr¡re6d o\^rus aq+ §uL.t spua'+ q+!/^ aw!+ Dulpueds edoed t tl l' roj 'a r+"aJ+e sr asp.roxo b".lop +utl+ pu,1 atdoad Ñw21¿ 'op ut?" atdoad -eaL{+o
/rl Se+!^l+?U JAq+O (t,U,^, eJu e.€\.1+ -¡'A^A/ o\.{
ro pus 6.^lpa3. sh spun tr¿-r
*l
s¡4ds Jho +}ll (ur¡,r ersrn.,t pessgJdgp
aru a/^ 3'I 'pt(2s ¡aa3. sh a)pu uuc +srod ¡ho u! +uana lhlurpd 12 3,o
fl
I
t
Ñ-ru1rn,¡-rud ?rshr^,r ¡^oF a¡LtA
lt
fuduq
1aa1
aldoed
seXrtu\^r
(1uraw6
?rshr^, +uaqdn 'Ñ+rera#!p poow rro +"41fl2 ll!¡^ o+ ua+sll a^^ ?rsh.^, 3'o pul) ott+ (lr'r+ra, uru" 's\^osuor 1o (¡a,-run v e! roq-{ouu *nQ poowt rho +"alJ.r0
"r§htv
dOd JO O\^¡t+ §\¡O +U +l O+ uA+§ll llg €¡* 'U;edO ",¡¡q :rzt2[ A§n\^,t X?OJ "l9}¡¡\,\r (.ru,^, ur olo¡ +uu¡-rodr^.r, up s(uld lglrssul" sr +r -LaLl+aL{A 'sanll Eadoad
arSnr^.r
"rshw
¿ear6e noÁ oO 'passeJdep ro pes 6ulleel arp nort lr Aderaq¡ lsoq aql s! )tsnnt 'sra]lal lelldec pue sdots ¡¡n¡'seuuoc Fulssltu Áue Fulppe'sqderFered lno¡ otu! ll ep!^!C 'Áesse slqt peeu T
T
E
trBd
8ur1u¡¡
.E E
o
-C +-J
:l ,
Í,
r'
.ÁU,lp
,fie
s.fi,ulaql luern ñort JI
:
ul u§llptos das¡ o1Jstlaq §"ll §)tu[{} uourls
c
Usllplofi dae¡ o1luel¡odlul s,l! sÁes uoutls
(o ..9
§l alqBun §Js xauosoeu
É eABq l,uop ]eq} ssJnlBs,¡olstll e^allag
slEluafc§ eulo§
Áq uled acnpsJ ol Jeüdde UslJ
'BrJ'p ¡n¡u¡ad aq1
{d'detd,un oxlt po*Ér{oq,{aql 'u;ouart +sq q}lrv\ Pa}c$ul eJai'A }no¡} }o sdfl aLl] ueqM
¿o
sad¡{l usorll}ofx,scus,la#lp st{},llo} o} paule¡} uaoq osls
a stt u§lj
JáUe a1noJ,a eo§t aul'Jüqualuaj.ol elga lills ejo/v\ q§!}rtt,Il
§{.1} t¿Enolq}
sdeo§§, plnoa ,{aql'reu} paulsal
JoJ §fiulur}Jsqul§ur§J
q
!} 'tuttuuedxa auo ul
or slqe'Bu¡,a§ r(¡uo lo uollelndej sLl} areq,'qs1¡
r:e §.rsulo seaJsL{rvr l}uap$uqc,s¡p qst} tt}Jo§ }eH
sÁes uouJls
'aserqd Uorls ,o pro/rt e ql!,r socuoluos eql elelduoc
'Of,-T suollsenb
¡ol'r{sll
uo
Ile} e FulnlF rellnl uotuls pallec ueru e reeLl ll!/r^ no¡ g'T q}
T
zred Sulualstl
Listening
Part 4
f '$ 1.? You will hear part of a radio interview with Jerry, a student railway. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer (A, B or C).
1
What was the original purpose of the railway?
A to carry passengers to a large B to transport §oods to the sea
q)
E
+,
o o t-
2
¡\ .rJ
c
3
town
C to take miners to and from work What is the main use of the railway now? A lt is a place that tourists enjoy visiting. B lt is for villagers to travel to town on. C lt is a centre for educational visits. What kind of work does Jerry do? A He does a range of different jobs.
B He drives the engines. C He cleans the engines.
4
Why is repairing engines appropriate work for Jerry?
A He went on trains like this when he was younger. B He is studying engineering at unlversity. C He has always found it interesting.
5
When are the eng¡nes repaired?
A during the spring and summer B at weekends C when not many tourists are there
6
What is the main reason the railway needs money?
A to pay essential employees B to fund new projects C to buy coal for the steam trains
7
Why do some adults particularly enjoy their visit?
A They like to see their children happy. B They find the visitor centre interesting. C The train journey reminds them of the past. 40
who works on a
w
'^Aoqs s,^
oroluol ]e uotltlodtuoc
rno lo rouurm eq] (ecunouue) ,{epu¡ uo (ut
e¡¡
']salel aq] ]e
pueq)
plnolls yro/v\eruotl rno^
'FuloF st asla euoÁren3 ',ieplnles ]xeu ¡iued - Áqm rapuotvt laeLlclt4 'oFe
s,ool o] (alrnur ]ou) aJnssajd poolq roll
luo¡
o] s,rolcop all] o]
olls os 'Á¡luacer parl],üen BulleeJ uaoq s,aLlS ']callL,lcle U/v\oUI-lleM e /iq aM ¿asnoq /v\au lno
1l
Áru
¡
-
alll
'/V\OJIO[XO]
no,i o6
I
,*u*rln-.n^ u*, *5J:;1l''§5 t
'Ioa/v\ ]Sel
^uJ.ra^o -
e
Ip
lle aauoc palllds
uo ojo/v\
>1eerq) aql uor.l^
urroJ
oruor.l
]l ]nq 'qcnut quoM ],usl qcleM otll lOlul/v\ ]sel (u¡vtop uals¡is Fulleeq lelluac s,looL1cs
(pues)
uarplltlc oLl] llv 'Fu¡peeds (tlctec)
Áaq1 pue,{ep Arana (uee¡c) stuoor aq1 'pooB elrnb sel ]e pe,iels a/v\ lolot,l
(unq)
'uld
6 ]aup tsnf (uaddeq)
rort ,ineeq
ya¡
ot,ll
p
c
auo ou {oteunuol uotsoldxa aql q 'aroLl] (Áo¡dtra)
e¡doed puesnoql orvrl ',{uedtuoc aBnq e s,}l e - Jo enllce eql to esual lcorroc eql 'uroJ erlssed
c
"{epr¡oq
os 'Árec o] oru
p
e^eq
al,l] ecuocll slt,l osol plnoc ot,l oLl au!] lxou aH 'aruelq ol Jlostultl seq Á¡uo eg
(urem)
Áep reqlo ,{rene slomo} eql (eFueqc)
o/v\ oS
r!
V
'MOilOTUO]
os'uns lsaq
uoos se os
N
ii
É,
/
¡
,iuedutoc aL,¡} oculs sllluoru xrs (rano a)4el) see,io¡dtua porpunL.l o^tl ]uepunpor (aleur) - uo otu o} (antB) .--',iepqulq qluealqB¡e,{u }l 'anleA leluaurluos seLl
Ser{e
os 'sasse¡F mau paeu ]qFlLU I yulrll 'uoouraue
srL,ll
r.u,l os 'Fuo¡ ,{ren s,rreq Á6¡ F
]l
-
orr]-o] rr"^
-
')4rep ¡{ran esnoq Jno Eu!>1eu seM uapJeF eull ur aor} lle} !
ol!
-
E +.,
Iceq ]! Ioo] I 'euoq loF o/v\ se a/v\ olrr.,uv\ alorq eleuec,{¡¡¡
]l
o o t-
ta|-
']uled oq] uasoqc,ipeer¡e en,Áaq1 uroorpoq r!aq] sluered Áu '¡eam 'uoouJoue slu] ]! ¡
q
-
Fu¡sn 's¡eycerq ul pro/n oql ql!/rt secueluas osot.ll a¡a¡duog
¡
o^llce Io e^lssed
oo] sr uorsrnala] /v\au oL.lI e
- ]sa] lno ale] redar uBIsep Ueolc Ycot,lc - ]nc ]nc -
Ja^llop olelosop pF
U/v\op
JeruLUeJe i i
'sqre^ eseql lo euo pue euop Fulqlewos lceroc orll r{}l^ [-e secue]ues e¡e¡duog
/
euop Tulq¡p.utos ¡aF
t
aaeq
']uotunjlsul ejoru peLl I Jl I
lecrsnu e,ie¡d ol uJeal P,l '
e1a¡dtroc e s,]r Iurrl] | 'Iro/v\asnoLl Fu¡op olell
'IoaM e ocuo pelceiloc s/ L{srqqnr s,e¡doed 'ure}ug
ul
I
o^ell
o
- ¡t leatB ole salzznd pro¡¡ pue,{eurno[Fuol e uo or,noÁ -
'u
olol.u reuluns ]xau lrlun lo ]no st ree,i sltl] ¡iepllotl V
euoM pessar p-¡ileFu erls
e Aq panoilot Fupq se^l or..ls lUBnoql olBuv '¡uetuoru e
iol eq1
']aBroJ ],uoc 'Áep e ac!/vq pat oq ol speeu Eop 'r.uooJsselc or.ll olul lq?notq aq ]ou ]snur
pooj
,iue laF l,uop | 'uollsanb all]
p
plno^
letll
p
c
¿dn ,ipll tpoq am 1,uop Áq¡¡ q
'Fulleeu c
eauetrc o] a^ell
q
aurl
Jot.lloue a^,a/v\ ptejle [u,l e
ll,aM'
ereds
aur] enes
(o])
tñüñt
eu!1lo 1no unr
;
'suo¡sserdxe eseLll
'rvrou FulppaM
atl] lacuec ],uec a/vl os '¡no ¡uas uoaq o\eLl suorlelrnur eL,l] pue 'pa»looq uaaq Ípea4e se{./ r.loJnllc ot,ll e
'al¡/n noÁ secueluas eql lo euos ro¡ ¡cefqns e lo ),lu!rll ol e^eq Aeu no¡'ec!o^ a^llce oLll otu! sorreil u! sqrel en¡ssed eUl BulFueqc'secue¡uos onlssed eseq¡ ellr/neu
lo auo lo ruJol lcerroc ot¡
t.lt!/n
secueluas eseq] a¡e¡duog tr
O
aurr¡ tlll,l,r suo¡sserdx3
Árelnqero¡
Z
Reading and Use of Engtish Partz 1
You are go¡ng to read a text on page 43 about cooking. For questions
1-10, choose
from the sections (A-D).The sections may be chosen more than once. Which person
attempts to copy food they had when they were eating out? has had experience of cooking pre-prepared food? is considering having cookery tuition? is sure they will continue to cook well into the future? learns to cook new things by trial and error? learned about cooking when they were abroad?
started cooking to save moneY? thinks they have a natural talent for cooking? was encouraged to cook by one of their parents? would like to work in a field related to cookery?
ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi ffi
VocabutarY Depondent
preposltlons 1 Complete the phrases ln itarbs
¡n these sentences wlth the correct prepositlons. These
phrases are used in the reading texts. my op¡nions' a I don't l¡ke it when people ask my friends at the weekends' b I usually hang out mak¡nÉ, rneals. c ln our family, my mother was always ¡n charge cookinÉ' d Helen has never been particularly keen e My dad ¡s always exper¡ment¡nÉj- new combrnations of spices.
0)
E r-, G)
0)
l(1l_
¡\ c
..rJ
(,
phfasal vefbs wlth
come 2
-
f
My parents think ¡t's a waste to spend too much money
g h
Many of the world's most famous rec¡pes were tnvented
i
Do you have any ¡deas
-
lvly fr¡end
acc¡dent.
-scratch in less than six months.
learned Russ,an
suitable dishes?
-food. -
Complete these sentences with the appropriate fofm of come and a word from this llst.
F*oss ",x a
,ou"d
(-r)- ,rP ,e -,Iil
- - they're so expensive lalwayswaittill they lrarelybuy hardback books in paperback.
this wh¡le I was clean¡ng out a cupboard the other day. ls ¡t yours? bI for dinner on Saturday, will you? c you won't forget that Paula and N¡ck any good ideas, d I can't think what to buy Zoe for her birthday. lf you let me know.
e
-
where she was.
f
she didn't know
When Jane heard the news, she fainted. When she
-
I'm afra¡d I'll have to cancel the meeting. Something-
at home'
-
42
ev :i1llr.:i:i+;:.,r+i.r;iii.1;i¡j:i::r;11r:rli+iiir:iil;:u:=':i.jr'r:ii:li¡
'oror.l] sdr] pooO oulos dn pe¡ctd pue eLuti oluos rol A¡e1¡ ut pa^tl I 'Ino pel,l o^,1 s6urq] Iooc o] polueM lonou o^,1 lnq 'sodlcer Out1ce¡¡oc ponol on,l 'pltqc e sem I o3uts 'Iooo Es poo6 Aren e st oqnn Mel-ut-Jolsls Auu ulol+ Iol e pouleol | 'Jalel '0u¡¡ooc ul sdels lstrl Au eu lq6n-l sluated A6¡ '6urddoqs ñuroñ sanps 1l pue - llnsol otl] a^ol sÁem¡e rtstfl ilq - ,sodtc§J Acuafuaua, osaq} ¡¡ec A¡ruq Á6¡ '1o6 a^,o^A leL{A^ luoi1 sedrcel nneu Outluo^ut pue spteoqdnc pue eOpu,t lno ut 6ut¡oo1 st os 6urop Ao[ue A¡¡eer I ]eqm ]ng 'saqstp uetle]l 6ur¡eu llorlt _se sp'speles Jo] ssapt ¡nau 6utÁrtr 'suncstq pue soleo §uqeul Aofua /!\oN 'suoturdo Alu lo¡ palse sAafle e¡1 '6ur1rcxCI senn I enn 6u¡qlÁJa^o alrl loal ou apeu aq :luaupedxe of
polooc
panol pue looü alsuotssed e se¡n aH 'LulL{ pad¡eq I pue Aepung st A¡ane usqo¡I otll Ja^o ¡oo1 loLlle+ ALu 'p!>l E §enn I uaq6
|aqluolA¡ lnEd-ussr
EI
'ure§e ñunrl B Jo$ 1r op o1]uenn l,uplno^^ | lnq 'sluglel Eur¡ooc Aur OurÁotuo o;e uolpltLlc Atu pue pueqsnq Au.r nno¡
'luauuadxo puB outoLl o6 o1Iue^A auJ apeuj IJo^^ le sedrcel 6urnno¡¡o1 'onennolctlu ot,ll u! 1r 6ut¡crls pue poo+ 6urlsollep ut ]ueelr Our¡ooc 'ololoq ]p po>l;o^ q¡ sace¡d u¡ 'sluerpalEur qsol+ LUor+ Ourq]fuena apeul ]eLlI ]ueJnelsot e ]e looo e seM ¡ A¡1ee: 'luapl3cg Aq - sqofsnot¡ard Áiu ¡o suo ul Al.redold paulpal I uaq} :§unoÁ Aian seAA I uaqm }Etl} }o sclseq
Ioos
o
o1
oll] aul peMoL,ls JotlloLu pue eulpuel6 Au; pue Ala¡ooc rt ucaxol¡/rü ut aJe slooi A6¡ 'siue:n€1sCIJ ul peq aA.l sstlslp 6urlelrur oltl osle ¡ 'uo o0 plnoc | - sottJno 'uol3ttJ3 pue qs4
E
+,
o o
l(1|-
'sollstp elsed - 6ultlúue lsoLule loo3 ll,l nnou lnq 'sluolpelOur enrsuedxeul Ll]llln sleou e¡durrs 6ur¡ooc pouels | 'sleouJ uo ssal puads o1 popaou I osneoeq polselolul ]06 loe pooñ Alle¡nleu u.r,¡ ourqlaLuo§ st 6ur>¡ooc )ultll },uop I
t\
#
A¡rure1
c J
lnq
'18
§oluss eullsprlS
EI
'pl;oA otll Jo,t dn 1t enl6l.uplno^ I pue Our¡ooc leor o^ol I - sleeui Apeat leo ]snl sÁep eseql e¡doed Aueur os nnotl puelslapun l,uop ¡ 'eat0e l,uop I Inq Aauoul pue oulrl +o elsem e s,]l >lutlll Asql'6ut¡ooc. ]noqllM Ez CIAtl l,uplnoo I 1BL1I st puels;opun l,uop slueled Au leQM 's! or.,l ueql Our¡ooc ]noqe oleuolssed elou.t lol e u,l pue 1¡esÁlu 1q6nei A¡¡ecrseq ¡ 'punotD¡ceq bur¡ooc e seLl pep Auu q6noqllv '11 ]sure6e paprcap o^,1 lnq 'e6e¡¡oc tre Ate¡ooc 6urop Inoqs 1q0noq1 I '+ot.lc e aq CI1luerrn I uor1ecnpa Au s¿ rlslul+ I uaLlM leql MouI Apeet¡e I '1el4l uel{} oloul L4cntu sl 1r A¡¡enlee lnq ',laaA/\§ §,Il Iultl} Attill',ouoÁup ilol I Ja^ouot,lM 'spueu+ Aur qlrnn ¡no 6ueq ueU] Al uo soLuLuer0ord pool qole A Jor{}el ua*a p,l '}§a;e}ut lBoJ {uo iltu s,}l '}ol,p leuolssalo:d rtue se §ur>1oo3 uo ugol se LU,l lnq 'uoa]+!] uJ,¡ er
uspos pt
EI
'slupJnelsal Jtgtll +o au;os ]e soslnoc uo o0 o1 olll Á¡¡eer p,l - pl:o^ otll ul §+Btlc }§aq aLll t"tlo;+ u:eal o] st urte A6¡ 'suorleulqLuoc lq6tr eq1 ut sluotpolOul e¡duls 6utsn sl lsJoss Ap¡ 'snorrg¡ap A¡e1n¡osqe al,Aaq¡salull JCIi{}o }nq '}no >llo¡¡r l,uop Aot{tr seut}oulos 'so}se} ¡nau Ll}!¡n ñut}ueuttedxo or Aq A¡urer"u ureal I 'Aep euo o0 o1 adoq I 'uelpul A¡¡etcedse 'poo+ uetsv uo ueol A¡¡eer ul,l - 0ut¡ooc Atu olul slnonel+ le0uolls 0urund pouels an,¡ A¡luecoi inq :sololossec olll 'sÁqpuels deeqc 'poo6 1o eOuel e ]oO oA,l 'sMot,ls Allo solrsqom Are¡ooc ulol+ ole soqstp oulnone+ Aut 'Aepo1'1¡ s
palol sÁean¡a I pue '§leoLu A¡¡urel eql0ur¡eu ¡o e6.reqc ut selrn I suoal A¡ree Au Aq IeL{} os '6unoÁ sem I uol..,lm looc o}
serlrunuoddo uenlO osle sem I ing ']l t4llm uloq Alqeqold senn | 'ruol+ seLuoc Dut¡ooc lo+ uotssed Aul aJoqnn olns ]ou tll,l I
rtero¡ug¡ euÁu¡
§I
Reading and Use of Engtish Part 1 1, For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the be§inn¡ng (0).
G)
E
+, 0)
A new
o t-
(Ol genre of TV programme began in 2000 when ten volunteers moved
off from the world to live underthe into a custom-built house (1) _constant gaze of hidden television cameras. BiS Brother \tas an instant hit. of modern reality telerision and produced Its success marked the (2) up about 60 per cent of all countless imitators. Now, reality television (3) shows produced around the world.
t1l-
r\
#c
Cadets, ten successful applicar^ts were sent into ln a show (4) in Russia, space in a shuttle. They received two weeks of intensire (5) hign'¡-experienced by two into space kilometres 100 before being flown -Space
astronauts. Here, they spent five days orbiting the earth. (6) -experiments, eating, sleeping, or just looking out of the v,,i',dc,t and watching the world go (7) There was just one problem: they weren't actually in space. Tney weren't even in in the UK. Russia. They were in a building on a disused army base (8)
--
OA
1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A 44
species
B
class
put
B
cut
opening
B
birth
describes
B
accounts
known
B
referred
education
B
training
making
B
carrying
through
B
along
somewhere
B anyrwhere
(@ C C origin C makes C labelled C exercise C doing Con C everywhere separated
D
category
D
ret
D
foundation
D
explains
D
called
D
learninS
D
creating
D Dr D
*,
herever
9V
("'st uorlsenbÁ¡uo,{6¡)
'e^ell luol}senbÁ¡uo eqlsl s!rll¿Ue}s qoloq}saop
uaqg
("'spreBar sy) 'auuerFord ur-auoqd olpeJ e uo paylo^ Jo^eu e^ell
'"
("'
I
e
p
'peu.racuoc are
se leJ sV) 'slueulrtutuoc Á¡ture,t Áu ere eseL{I 'pllr..lc ouo eneLl pue pot;Jetu
ue
I
c
("' ol roMSUe u¡) 'uorlsenb puocos .¡no¡{ o} lo/v\sue ,{u s,1eq1 's.leaÁ ooJLl} JoJ sa}e}s pa}lun aq} ul pollo/v\ I q ("' ("'
spreEer sy) 'uorsl^elel u¡ Eu¡¡loan,iofue,{¡¡eer
¡e
'lel oF ol ueql pappap pte7et an'Áepr¡oq )awwns )no ol tllltl J,ue^eq lxeu ol pteFu Lfillil'¡el Áep¡oq )awwns lxau )no n1oF ol uaql eA peplcap J,ua^eq
3'ldnvx3 'SpIO/rA
erOtu ,O
euo lltuo Jo ppp sosec euos ur pue ocuoluos lsrlJ eqt lo Japro pro/n eql alueqc ol eleq Áeu no¡'slelcerq u! suolsseldxe Eulsncol eql Fulppe'mo¡aq e-e socueluas elu/na, oN Z ^
liii]'i+
o E
+, o)
o
ll.l-
N ..rJ
c .
::¡ii:¡l
'peorqe
Eul>llorvr ur
polsalolul ,{Uelnct}.led }ou
'ueueJouec AI e se
r.Ll,¡
'ou
.]
g
se^ qo|lsel ,iru g
Eur¡.ro/v\
'Á¡¡enluene Áueduoc uorlcnpord u¡vro Áu unr o] adoq t I 'urer] ,iq EulllaneJl ueq] raqler Fu¡nup o] pasn ue I t Ie 'r..llr/v\
IJo/v\ o] r{sea Fu¡aq
lo} uot}e}ndel e o^eLl
¿srseq Á¡¡eem e ro,{¡rnoq ue uo pted eq I lll/v\ T sFu¡pu3
'sue¡d ura] Euol ¡{ur o} uo Eurno^¡
t
'sanBee¡¡oc r.llliv\ uo EulueB JoJ sV o
e
sy
'ecueuadxo ]uecat spleFar
q
sV
'peu;ecuoc sl FulllaAeJ] se reJ
c
',{le¡es Áu EurpleBeg
p
ul
'uorlsenb puocas lnoÁ o] lo/v\sue
T
sFu!uulFeg 'uanlF s¡ e¡duexe
uV'g-tr Fulpue elqellns e qtur^ ¡-e Fu¡uu¡Feq e qctew
lreura
T,
/ rauat - zted 8ut1u¡¡
Vocabu[ary Gompound
nouns L
Use a word from each !ist, A and B. Form compound nouns to complete sentences a-9. Some compounds are written as one word, some as two. Check in a dictionary.
B
j assistant
board
A"*,
** éñc,
ñé_.-
i
;tü;¡--reade
¡
---§ü-l ;
wasn't very helpful. lt was five minutes before he served me.
a The
can find information on the internet.
b
It's incredible how quickly a
c
Whatl'dreallyliketobeisa-'l'denjoyteachingstudentsand researching my subject.
d
-
I was under so much pressure at work last year
e
When you're using a computer, make sure you could get back pains.
f
Our college has its own offer.
g
Did you see
that I nearly had a nervous
the
is at the right height or
where you can find out about every course on
that
on Channel One last night? He couldn't stop
laughing at one of the stories.
.g
E
o
so and
E @
.tc
such 2
with the words provided. In each case, your answers Rewrite these sentences starting should include so instead of such or such instead of so. a
Maria works so hard that she always gets the highest marks.
b
John has such a h¡gh lQ that he got into university when he was fourteen.
Maria is John's lQ
c
Claudia is such a fast writer that she always finishes first. Claudia writes
d
I know so many people who wish they hadn't lef[ school at sixteen. I know
e Some people have such Some people's jobs are
46
boring jobs that they can't wait to retire.
LV
IAAM ]xou rOleJOCAp Aq] AOS O] OFuerJe C auoLld oLl] uo Jolerosap oll] o]
Ieods g
raruea ouoc o] rolelocop or.l] )4se
v
¿op o] oorBe ¡iaql op leq6 'sue¡d JlaLll ]noqe Fuulel ueuro^ e pue ueul e Jeall no^ 8 'sacuenbesuoc snouos oneq llr^ C
'uorlecnpa poor.lplrr.lc Á¡ree olur L{cieeseJ
'clseq ellnb are g 'Fu¡spdrnsun are V sBu¡pur¡ or..l] slulq] or.lS }noqe Eulllel ueuo^ e reaLl no¡ slouuellc AI Jo o3ror.l3 eql c eq] g setuuerBord
¡1¡o
L
,i¡r¡enb
mes Áaq] ul4 relncryed
eV
¿uorleslanuoc rol¡] ¡o crdol ureu all] s! ]eL{M 'uorsrnala] ]noqe Euylel a¡doed o/v\] reaL,l
no¡ g
ell}
C
Eu¡ueddeq s,]er.lm ]no pu4 uec noÁ Á¡¡c¡nb moq
puu uec nor{ uor}euroJur punorDlceQ Jo }unoue
9
sradeds¡neu ,inq o] onurluoc a¡doad ]eL{} }ce} aq} V ¿]noqe pesudrns s! oL1 ,{es eq saop }eqM ']auralur oL{} Fuulel ouoauos ieall no^ 9 }noqe 'a^rlce aq ol sre¡erd eg C
.ro
E
o E
@
.t
'suods
1e pooF sl
oH g
:reBeuea] lecld,{l e s! aH V ¿llostulr..l ]noqe Áes eq soop ]eqM 'uorsrnala] uo saLlcle^ aq ]eqm ]noqe Eulllel ¡aleueel e reaL,l no¡ n
slerles uorsrnalal ureuac Jo saposrda ernln¡ 3 sarqeq s,e¡doad snotueJ
snoueJ pue 'spear
oL.ls
L,lcu
are
oLuv\
a¡doed Jo sauoq
I
oq] v
¿]noqe sarjols Jo spurl oluno^e} roLl are ]eL{M sourzeBetr aLl] ]noqe Fuulel ouoauos reaLl no^ s^ au suods aLl] S/vlou lelcueuU
t
C
oL]] g
saurlpeaLl or.,l]
v
¿]sJlJ ]e yool or.,l saop radeds¡nau aq] Jo Ued qcllyv\ '¡.rorvr o] ,{em aL{} uO
's]lqeLl Fulpeer srLl ]noqe pa^ or^Jalul Fulaq auoauos reoL{ s^ au
no
V
lecol
I
sorlols s^ ou uBleroJ
C
alll peal oqm a¡doed aull SalJolS S/v\au
z
¿Fullserelur ]sotu puu alls soop ]eqM 'orper aLll uo auuerBo.rd s¡vreu e o] Fu!uelsrl lnoqe FuUlel euoorlos reaq no^ tr '(O ¡o g 'y) remsue lseq eql osool.lc
'g-tr suo¡¡senb ,oJ 'suoltentls luoroltlp tqFla ul Fullle¡ a¡doed reaq llr/n no^ B'T $ T
lred
I
Sulualstl
Vocabu[ary @ enrasal verbs with so
t
Replace the verbs in ítatics in these sentences with the correct form of §o and one of the words below. ,
aftgl
á1ó1e
*ith by on
tnrougn ,p
a When you're looking fonvard to something, time passes very slowly. b lf you follow him, you might catch him before he gets on the train. c I don't understand what's wrong with my work. Can you explain it again, please? d There was a lot of noise outside our apartment, so we looked out of the window to see what was happening.
e I'm afraid the price of petrol is likely to increase again next month. f Sorry, but I can't accept that idea.
Reading and Use of Engtish
Part 5
1 You are go¡ng to read an article on page 49 about
radio in rural Africa. For questions
1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. 1, What is the main purpose of the first paragraph of this article? A to tell the reader about the economy of rural Kenya
B to give background information about a local problem C to introduce the tea and coffee farmer, lsaac Kinyua D to illustrate the effects of bad weather conditions
.g
E
2
o E
What do we learn about the accident in which the girl was killed?
A People had not been told bad weather was on its way. B On that day, there had been poor radio reception.
@ .'ri
tr
C People in the area had refused to leave their homes. D Nobody had expected heavy rain at that time of the year.
3
What is Winfred Chege's attitude to the sound of the radio in the town?
A She is against it because it is very loud. B She welcomes music being played in public. C She finds the interruptions annoying. D She finds the weather news useful.
4
What does the fact that Winfred Chege puts on a 'heavy sweater' suggest?
A She is finishing work for the day. B She thinks ¡t is going to rain hard. C She is preparing herself for the night. D She thinks the temperature is going to drop.
5
What was the problem with weather forecasting methods before the arrival of local radio?
A They relied on natural si§ns. B They only covered short periods.
6
48
C They did not relate to the local area. D They were based on old-fashioned beliefs. What is special about the radios g¡ven to poor communities? A They are easy to use. B They do not use electricity. C They cost nothing to use. D They do not need charging.
.g
E o E
@ .rJ
c
Jol sllpm pue Jelea*rs Á.teaq e uo slnd uaql aLlS 'ualJpp
.'slsPfeJoJ
,'op ol leqm MouI I MoN, 'sÁes er.ls ,'sulauBd Jaqleem tu.lel-.¡aEuol pue -uot{s }o str¡Jal u! sn punore sl ]eq/v\ ou,l ol sn padleq seq trl 'paqstlqelsa ^ aq] e)uls, 'ssed ol utpJ aLll sem uollpls olpeJ A1¡untur.uo)
'uollpurolur ssaff,B o1 aldoad Áueu rc¡ Áem lsedeaq¡ atll sureual orppJ 'leuosees e;p sJelseslp leJnleu pup au¡ Áyanod aq] Mo¡aq so^ll uonelndod aqt lletl lsotulp oroqm fu1uno: e u¡
ol u! aunl Á11sea ue) Áaqt tetll os aBleqr ol Á6olout{)e1 rplos pue dn-purm osn teql sle8peE a¡du1s sotllunuruof
to
"rood eq1 errlB os¡e a A, 'Juaul.¡ede6 ¡er1Bo¡o.toelew eÁuey arll le rol)aJlp Álndep 'afuaquy Jalad sÁes ,'¡qEnolp pue
Eu¡poop sB Ll)ns sJelseslp of alqpleulnl spa.le u! paseq aJe, suorJPls 'sr»l Ez uet{] eJout }o snlpel e ut }sPfppoJq uef, pue Je¡luusuerl P q]$ auo) suollels oql 'alqellP^e aJoqm Á1r:upa1a.ro .l(B¡eua Jelos Áq pelamod 'suottreJs
r(trruntrurol qfns rno¡ spr..l r*ou eÁuay 'olppr pue leuJalul Eursn sol¡unuuof lplnl o1 uolleulJoJut alpulll pue lpll^ llrusueJl ol peqsllqetsa lrafo.¡d 13NVU ¡eqo'¡E oql pue er(uay 13NVU Jo ued s! uotlPls eruaEuey eq1
rCIqteam
*s
su
s:
ol ul6aq aloqe salls aqt se punolE aql uo salqela6al pue 0r Itnr, aql ra^o ll llor ot sut8aq pue llpls ot.¡} Jo aEpe auo olul pallnl Jo^of, r11se1d E lno s'¡1nd aq5 Áepplu JaUE seJnuru Ma, e evzvp orros eq o] ,{le>{n sl aJaql asnPf,aq Eululotu '¡1e 6u1¡¡es uaaq seq eLls poo¡ aql rallotls ot Áem e pu¡¡ ol seq aqs smoul eEaql 'paqslug seq Jeluese.ld aql uaq^'slsef,aJo} Jaqlea/v\ .to¡ uo¡¡dnJjatu! lPuolspl)o aql lnq frsnu aql lou sr lenamoq 'srap'¡oqllels aLll Jo euo 'aEaq) parlul^ Jo uollua¡p aql sqel6 leq¡ 'Pare Eulddoqs s,euaEuey u1 ñupelq olppr aqt pulJ o1 Áddeq s1 aq 'Bulddoqs sao8 enÁu1y uaq^ 'ltsnu le)ol ¡o Á1ue1d Hlyvr sJeuelsll sl)eJup 'uorleJs lpf,ol s,euta8uey 'I3NyU euaBuey
sz
o¿
'soruoLl Jleql a^Bal ol aldoad jo sparpunq palroJ pue p¡E p¡o-leaÁ-gI e pallpl tet{l
.'eBenEuel lerol aql ul
Álrunuuol aql o1 paÁe'¡al uaql eJe qlelap aq¡ 'eqle,Euey sr(es , ,l(lnp uo Jaluosa.rd olper eql o] passed pue uollels teqlesm lrlpruolnp aql uJoJ, ualet ale s8ulpeel JaqJPe¡\¡, 'uollpls Jaqleam Bu¡u1o[pe ue uoJJ s]¡oda.l le'¡n8al soJn]pa] uollels aq1 Áepo1 'uralsÁ5 uolleflunutuo) leuJalul pup olpPu - 13NVU ¡Qlunuruof lprru aql pue luau¡ede6 lerlEo¡o.roalew eÁuey oql ueemleq uolleloqpllof ,o ]lnseJ aql l1e uo truam IINVU euaBuey uaqm '8002 fuenlqa¡ u1 pa8ueq) teq_L 'eJeJnffe sÁer*1e lou pue tu.rel-Euo1 uoljo ereM slselaJoj asoqf 'sleurlue pll/v\ lo s¡¡er Eutfuen aLll pue eÁuey 'lW uo sla^el Eo¡ pue Mous eql 'pelemog saaJl qllq/v\ le seull eql Eulpn¡:ur 'spoqletu EullsEf,aloJ Jaqleam leuorltperl uo Á¡er ol pasn a¡doed 'Jsed oUl ul
oe
eprlspuel e lo uro¡ eql u! I)nJls ApaEB.lt 'ualsÁs Eulule*t Á¡rea ou peq euaEuey ueqm 'oEe s.lear( eoJql lsnf 'enÁutx !I sÁes .'sap1¡spuel pue
jo
leqleom otl] ul saBueqr papadxaun
asnpf,aq aJaq ]uel.lodtut rfuarr s! sseupaJede¡d lalsest6,
'Jaqua)a6 pup JaqualoN ut pe¡radxo
aJP sule; rtreaq
leql peshpe Eu¡u.re/v\ JuofoJ aug 'uollpls olpeJ Állunutuor solta)al aq 'o¡pe; a¡qeyod
u, Áq.reau aLll ruoJ, suale Jeqlpem
at
sp{ o} ur saun} enÁury uoLlm 'Á¡a1e1 asnp)eg ¿mou Áq¡¡
'Molaq Áa¡'¡en aqt ol Áldeels sllp, puel ov
aL{} aJaqm 'esnoq stq Jo ep}s ulatrsea aLl} uo llem a}aJf,uo3 e Eulp'¡rnq Jo uorlnera.rd eq1 6u¡¡e1 Mou st enÁu1y uospeJ auo
*
seprlspue¡ Áq 1gq Á¡¡euotse)f,o oslp ere saplsllltl eql lng rttuouofa ue
'Ár¡unor eql ,o s]¡ed Jaqlo
'fu1uno: oLl] Jo syed lsalurel aql Jo euo 'pere slql ul dn merE oqr* 'eqla.Buey leqdso¡ 'uortre1s olper aq] jo aEreq: ul rel¡Jlo aql ol 6u1pro:re 'oEB s.reaÁ MaJ e llnl$]lp ueaq alpll plnom lpql
ü
.larro eEeluelpe
eÁuey lertuar Eu¡n1E 'pooq1¡a,rll p q]¡t't Á¡tue¡ slt{ pup
ulq
peppro.rd 6uo¡ erreq er(uay u! auoq s,en;(uty f,pesl punolp I saplslllr.l aqt uo 6u¡tto.tñ saqsnq aa¡lol pue eat
aq+
i
d Pete
Grammar
Delia Oh, because
Reported speech
1
Andy told his wife to hurry up, adding that they were going
Pete
to be late. Andy Sylvia asked him if he thought she should wear her long dress or her short stripy one. Sylvia Andy suggested she wore her black dress. Andy Sylvia told him that she couldn't because it was at the dry-cleane r's. Sylvia
e
Andy said he didn't care what she wore, but that if they were late, he miÉht lose his job. Andy
Report the following conversations, using the verbs in brackets. Use conjunctions to join short sentences together where possible and make any other necessary changes. The first one is done as an example.
a Paul .g
l'iJ
0)
E
Would you like to come to my party next Saturday? (invite) Pete and John are coming, so there'll be some people there that you know. (add)
(@
+,
'tr
would be eome people there that she Knew.
Delia
Yes, I'd love to. (say) What time does it start? (ask)
Paul
About ten, but you can come when you like. (reply)
b Delia
l've been invited to Paul's party. (say)
Angie When is it? (ask)
Delia On Saturday.
(reply) I don't want to go, but
I
couldn't say no. (add) Angie
Why don't you phone him on Saturday and say you
don't feel well? (suggest)
c Mum
Now, don't make too much noise. (warn) don't want any complaints from the nei§hbours. I
(add)
Paul
50
I
won't. (promise)
everyone said it would be boring.
(reply)
Write these sentences in direct speech.
a
Why didn't you come to Paul's party, Delia? (ask)
I really enjoyed it. (say) lt didn't finish till after four. Angie and John were there. (add)
Rewrite these sentences in reported speech. Choose the most appropriate reporting verb from this list, usingl each verb once only.
t§i:iler{g a
iffi
'Don't speak with your mouth full, John!' John's mother
b
'Remember to get your father a birthday present, Laura.' Laura's mother
c
'Don't cross the road here, Tom! lt's not safe.' The man 'You really must let me pay.' David
e
'Let's try that new Chinese restaurant in King Street.' Susie
T9
uorlels aq] o] loF uec I odotl I 'Ycolc,o
I
'Icolc,o g Áq ]e uollels otll oplslno ]aou o] poBuerJe aM
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c
'Eulualsll a.re no,{ ollrliv\ Fu!q}auos op uec noÁ ]eL{} sl aBe}uenpe }sr4
al{l 'uotst^ala} ro^o seL,l
orper seBeluenpe o/v\] Jo IUlLll uec
I
q
'socuarpne
elre¡ slefl pue ecnpord o] deaqc st orpel lecol 'uorlua^ur luellluq e st o!pel leco-'l e 'uolllladel plone ol se os sr¡ed asaLll lo qcee u! acuolues puoces aqt elUA eU
¿
'ur palsoralu¡ ,i¡¡eer s,aq Fultllou
s,aleq] 'leql se ilall sV / rcql wot¡ ¡tedy 'suode.l spods ot,ll speal s,{ean¡e leqlolq ,{6¡ t 'ppo^ aLl] ul uo Eu¡oE s,]eq/v\ Áq peleutcse¡ we1'fuetluocotllug /ssa¡aqua^aN's/v\ou oL.ll ul ]sololul ou onell llult,l],{eu no¡ e '.¡adedsrvreu e Jo seFed ou] Fulurn] ]noqe Ful,itslles Bultllauos §enuoc ÁA 'Al uo s/v\au oLl] tlclem o] Jolsea qcnu s,ll p s,olotll 'pueq )eqlo aql
uO
/
'euo ltlFnoq Á¡¡en1ce I aLU!] q / lsetluoc Ág 'mou sradedsmau peor lona ,{lpleq I c ]sel eLf] raquouol l,uec l'lceJ 'Uleuelua ol Sl eloJ sll ,iepo] q7noqUe'slv\ou eq] Uoder o] sem .lededsmau e Jo olol aq] ']sed aq] ul q
seuoql¡
.r()
E
o E
/
alou 'ecuepq ug / rcnano¡¡ 'sladeds¡neu
'aulluo s/v\au aul Eulpeal ele e¡doad Bur,{nq ere e¡doad tame¡ pue lalvtal'Áepo1 e
'secueluas flu¡rno¡¡o¡ eq¡ e¡e¡duoc ol aserqd Jo pJo/n lceroc or.lt osooqC tr
@
.!c,
T
tred
8ul1ll¡¡
']noun]sal]a]]eqaLl]-(g)8urmarns.jnoqueJ|eq la8,(¡uo uer
aLl
:Á¡¡:rnb
l¡:soru
(/)
sauaileq dn asn t,uplp ll pue ra88rq sEM uaalrs
(9) panordLul aq plno)
aqt
touuef no,( tq8r¡ lq8rrq ur
Al
Jo
uos sLlt sa^arlaq Ined ,'alntld aqr
aas
(5) 'srooplno lr asn ol Pelue^ | 'uloolqleq aqr
ur
I asn ¡,'sreaÁ lera^as ro; Al ra¡:od e pau^^o
(7) a¡:se:preH Ined
- I sasn aq se A1 aqr 8ur,(nq rarBar lou saop tnq 'ueu laSpe8 e sr aq tellt sttupe
',(ep,fuana
(g) poo8 st uot¡da¡ar ltols ,'leuae aqr Jo luol; -ut sa^our Surqrou se 8uo¡ aq1.SauoqdpeaqL{]lMUa^at-(z)pnot]ouSl]l]eq]sruua¡qolduleLuaq1 .s.llPJJe]Ua]lnfH]!¡n-(¡)8urdaa¡to;poo8oS|eSl]l]nq,]uauuule].la]UaloJ
I l,
asn 'sa,(a Áuu ¡
surer¡s raSuo¡ Áue se'Jnoq ue tnoqe tsel qlrLlM sauuuer8old q:renr,(¡uo (o) hr azrsaa¡:od sltl sa^ol ueu/v\aN llo)s
'paq ur saL{fte^ ,(¡ureuu
aq---wqñ-
'(O) FuluulFeq eq¡ le elduexo ue s! oJeql'deF qcee u! pro/r^ euo A¡uo as¡ 'deE qcee slll lseq qc!Ll/r^ pJo/\A eql lo ),lu!tll pue /notaq txal eqt peal 'g-tr suollsenb ¡oJ
T,
zred Llstl8ul Jo asn pue Eulpeau
Listening
Part 4
1 {}
1.9 You will hear part of a radio interview with an environmentalist, Danie! James, about the Eden Project. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer (A, B or C).
1, what interests Daniel about visitors to the Eden project? A They mainly come from other parts of the UK.
a
,tf o=
B Around a third have never been to Cornwall before. C They are happy to pay to visit it.
tor_ (o
2
CE
.t
'C
o)
What does Daniel say about the conservatories?
A B
+r
C
3
They are round in shape. They will need to be replaced in 25 years' time. They are made of two different materials.
What does the Humid Tropics Biome mainly contain? A plants which bear edible fruit
B plants from tropical forests C plants used in construction
4
ln what way is the third biome different? A lt contains plants from Asia and Australia.
B lt isn't covered. C lt contains more varied
5
plants. What is the main aim of the Eden project?
A to conserve endangered plant species B to study how plants and trees grow
6
C to show the connection between plants and people What kind of people does the Eden Project especially want to attract? A people who haven't sot much interest in environmental issues
B people who are interested in the environment C people who belong to environmental groups
7
What does Daniel say about the majority of the people who visit the Eden project? A They arrive at 9 a.m. or after 2.30 p.m.
B C 52
They don't have time to look at all the exhibits. They spend three to four hours there.
I I
E9
a^eLl
]rlBlu
I ),lull1] |
¿ollue Áu
Iool
e .*,
_
']r uoYorq noÁ p¡no3
!
of EuloB sem aq pue 's;eo,i entl ut Áept¡oq ]sl!J sltl se/v\ ]l tl
]sotu aU]
'loot,lcs
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s!r.11
lle
ol,l 'llo/v\ s,ie¡d
flliclnb raqlo aql
ueo] aq] Jl t sioquatu
^ra aqs uaqM eqs 'qnlc slll paulol 'ool'u!l e euruif a lB
spuau,t
p,l ples l¿)jceq aql ur uosiad raqloue
ulool
'l!
a
no,(
'safn[u! ]aq
=
pooB e
tceluoc
e
ueC p
pulru
- e peal ot palr I os - ']sál Eu!^up,{r.! }noqe snoru3u ^ru ,(llear se¡^ ot eurzeFelu
f !
C
o r-
ro
cn
#
-
tr
sl
q
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c
|
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-
-
esaq¡ Jo euo pup u.rro¡ peJroc eqt
q
atlet to atleur qt!¡r seoueluos aseq¡ eteldujoC
a^lleuJall? pooB e sr ]cálold uap¡ aql ol l!s!^
'r,¡cPaq aql ]e,(ep e
'stuetd pup atdoad jno
-
v
¿
etlelque e\eu q¡¡in suo¡¡eco¡og @
f
dlqsuolleloJ aql1o Fulpuelsrapun
uorlnqutuoc lueuodtul up e¡eu ol sadoq lca[oid uap] 31]I 'pefold 3ql ol la; ol uodsueil
!
ueq e l,ust araql qBnoqUV ¡l
orlqnd esn ol aldoad Jalord plno/'^ Áaql'srec
-
'asessrp ernsua ol aullueJenb olul ]nd eie slueld pauodul llv B
lo peords- aql
'Llcleu alqereduoc o] e acud aq] dol e aes ]a¡cltr lleqlool ,to pautplduoc á^eq atdoad lecol st tlc!q/'^'acud uolsslupe qBIq aqr J polsa^u! oslP sstueduoc ^ue!\l leco'l e
-
'ouror.lcs sl]l
-
popunl
se/v\ r]clqm
^q
,(guoru
-
posoddo oJa
'lcalord aU]
^lued 'ÁLuouoca leool aql
-
^
suos aldoed ^jaDol aql
lceJje e^trsod e peq seq lcaloJd
-
'l!
p a
uo ).Uo^^ o1 alqe aq o¡ sqot pooB
pa^allaq siolea]c quep3 q
dn a^e? ,(ueu ]eq¡ ,(lBuolls os lcafoJd aql
'uoipllr.lc pue sllnpe qloq sleadde lsalord uapl olll e i o_l y9 ,l - y?9^r'q ]:YL9E'* 119-9'] 'lsll s!r{} LUorJ uolltsode¡d eleudordde ue Ll}!/r^ secue}ues esoq} a}elduoC tr -
suolllsoda¡d luepuadoo
Ále¡nqero¡
Reading and Use of Engtish 1
Part 5
You are go¡ng to read an article about predicting earthquakes. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (4, B, C or D) which you think fits best accordin§ to the text.
r§S¡9.qq:@qirlti§ rtkbff.ftkúy,.virerdy,evqy'cdtuie. ii i{oe.rll¡tiriua, beha¡ioúr ¡ás,.}e§$.Ia§ted n m¡¡S{'6,{q'¡ñ.irtál ::&.4.§ry§'..,@.:l @6t@§s-§f t}{,6r/af .anima} .behaviotv ¡i spdde*,as.wÉli incMirg Sshi,r@;,e!'d SEo:@'1hid@qe ptb tc cfft'q.trl€s dld to a bsEer erdeflt, vdcanb eruptiors, hx beiraúioLr can occur at any time in drarre d a q-¡ake - from
conventional science has nsrer been abte r the phenomenon,
to
adequatety explain
weeks to seconds. A number of theories have been proposed to explain
this phenomenon, and what the signals that the *nanimals are picking up on might be, Because
Neverthelesq theChinese andJapanese have used such observations
for hundreds of years as an important part of their earthquake
many animals possess auditory capacities beyond
warning systems.
Most slgnificantly, on
4
February
r* successfully evacuated the city
I975, the
the human range, Chinese
of Haicheng several hours ss
on observations of
Helmut Tributsch's classic work on the subject of
*
o l-
*
earthquakes and unusual animal behaviour
Snakes
Awake *
Wfien the
details nurnerous consistent accounts the phenonrencn from all over the world. However,
(o
of
o) +, E
although these behaviour patterns are very well-documented,
that this is what the animals are picking up on,
most American specialists do not take them very seriously. ro ln fact, most conventional geologists do not believe that there are any earthquake prediction techniques which perform any betler than chance; this includes unusual animal behaviour: ln fact, the notion that odd animal behaviour can help people predict earthquakes is rs p€rceived by most traditionat geotogists in the West as folklore and is often treated as seriously as sightings of ghosta Elvis Prestey, and the Loch
Other mysterious phenomena are oflen connected with earthquakes, The regular eruptions of geysers have been interrupted. Water levels in wells have been reported to change, or the water itself has become cloudy. Magnets have been said to lose their power tempor:arily. Many people report
as
that there is suddenly an inexplicable stillness ¡o in the air, and that all around them becomes completely silent. Strange lights are often seen glowing from the earth, and unusual fogs have been reported. These phenomena are all consistent with the notion that the odd
Ness Monster.
so
Unusual behaviour is difficuft to define, and determining if there is a §pical behaviour pattern is not a simple, clear-cut process, although there are some distinct patterns which have emerged, An example of this,
rs animal behaviour
CIr barik
for hours, and
others
fact that a number of people even claim to have sighted UFOs hovering around earthquake sites. Currently, Western science does
;
run away in panic. Equally §pical is the phenomenon of wild animals losing their usual fear of people, +c
54
Although the rnajori§ of accounts relate to dogs and cats, there are also many staries about other types of anirnal in the wifd, on farms, and ln
may result from changes in the
earth's electromagnetic field. More puzzling is the
which has often been reported, is an :s intense fear that appears to make some animals cry
the
cárth's surface,
Another possibili§ is fluctuations in the earth's magnetic ñeld, Because some animals have a sensitivity to variations in the earth's magnetic field (usually as a means of orientation), and since o*variations in the magnetic field occur near the epicentres of earthquákes, ¡t has been suggested
unusual animal behaviour.
a f ! C f
has been suggested that
as xmicroseisms from rock breaking below
before a 7.3 magnitude earthquake, saving nearly 9O,0O0
lives. This was based prirnarily
it
some animals may be reacting to ultrasound emilled
anreliable means
not have
any
of forecasting
earthquakes, Any clues that may be used to help us predict when
and where the next quake is coming should be approached with an open mind.
Glossary
i
microseism: a weak, persistently-recurring
earth tremor
99
unoN
'sqra^ tool esaql
o^rosqo
oAeLloq
lupard
uJoJrad
aullap
rncco
uteldxo
]seFEns
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alenlsnlJ
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Idnra
qlaA
unoN
qroA
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tr
Fu¡p¡¡nq p¡o/n
o
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¿oleu ot Eul,{rt st alclue
a C
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aq} Jo ra}lllv\ eq} tulod
'sulelc
!=
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= o
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¿e>4enbqUeo ue ololaq a^el,laq sleujrue /v\ol{ }noqe,{es.le}unn eLl} seop }eLlM
rnol^eqeq leulue lensnun ¡o,ipnls cullualcs uoddns o 'se>lenbquee Fullclpatd ,to ,{e¡n elns ou sl aloLl} onallaq C s a\e/^V saYeus aq] ueq\ ){u!L|l I 'pot,lcreesar-lla/v\
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h
Gfammaf Relat¡ve clauses 1
Un¡ted's second goal
was scored in the
final minute won them the cup.
i follow¡ng
Dec¡de whether the relat¡ve clauses ¡n the sentences are defining (they conta¡n essent¡al informa on)
nondef¡ning (they contaln non€ssent¡al ¡nformat¡on). lf clause is non{eflnlng, add
commas.
or the
j
Sally,s go¡ng out w¡th someone Jason's party'
_
she met at
-
Not surprisingly, we never got back the th¡ngs we'd reported stolen.
k We,ll be staying at the Seaview Hotel _ ¡s on the seafront2oth century combines the words 'smoke' and 'fog'. lrhebestt¡metogotosco and¡sJune the weather ¡s warmer. b ln the late 19th century, London which was known as 'The Big Smoke' suffered almost constant foggy cond¡tions. m I've dec¡ded I don't l¡ke the shoes I bought on Saturday. c At that time fog was ma¡nly caused by the smoke which came from the coal f¡res burn¡ng in thousands of homes. n The H¡lton ¡s expens¡ve is what you d expect. After all, it is a five-star hotel. d The worst recorded London smog was in 1952 when 4,000 people died ¡n the week that it lasted. o The girl over there ¡s-talking to John used to go to my school. e Because of the poor visib¡lity which was often less than one metre dozens died in road accidents g ln whlch sentences above could - the relative pronoun be f These days smog which particularly affects people who om¡tted? have respiratory problems is mainlv caused when fuel 4 Rewrite these formal sentences more ¡nformally, leaving out emiss¡ons from cars react w¡th .rnl¡nnt ¡n nrm¡¿. .i¡lt pronoun the relat¡ve where possible. atmospheric cond¡t¡ons. a The guest house at wh¡ch we stayed when we were in g The countr¡es whose ¡ndustr¡al economies have Prague was r¡ght ¡n the city centre accelerated almost overnight, namely china and lndia, a
a l
The word 'smog'wh¡ch was co¡ned in the early
have the worst air pollution.
;
5 o E
h
The industr¡es which pollute the most are those use fossil fuels like coal.
i
To date, CO2
cn
.É 2 =
which
c
The travel agency through which we booked our holiday
was excellent.
d
The tour, about which we had heard so much, was definitely worth going on.
e
The audio guide, without which we would have been lost, was available in several languages.
The 10.05 from London to Nonvich is due to arrive at Platform 1 will call at Colchester, lpswich and Nonruich.
b
We'll have the party next Fr¡day he comes out of hospital.
c
The golden eagle
d
What's the name of the girl Chris Small? ls it Louise?
is the
day
by f spec¡es.
eggs are stolen unscrupulous collectors is now an endangered
-
e Can you think of any - reason
got married to he might have
done it?
f
I don't know of any restaurants a decent meal for under Lts.
you can get
g
What's the name of that singer number one last month? The one own songs.
record was writes his
-
56
The couple with whom we shared our table at lunch were from Poland.
the US president who has done most to improve
emissions in that country is President Obama.
Complete these sentences with appropriate relative pronouns. There may be more than one possible answer. Add commas if the clause is non-definlng.
a
b
The holiday, to which weh looked fonvard so much, was over too soon.
L9
'orluac u^ o] aq] u! uollnllod Jo
]unoue oq] osnpor plnoM no/i'soFueL,lc palsoBBns all] paluaue¡du¡
noÁ ¡¡
'sasnq pue slxe]
'soM olle Á¡uo pue reqlaBo]le erluoc umo] ot.ll olul FuloB uorJ srec ueq plnoc
no
^
',i¡eles sa),¡lq roq] aneo¡ uec e¡doed ereqnn's¡cer elc,iclq orotu llelsut plnoqs
no¡
'arluoc umo] aL{} o}ur }iodsuei} ooll aprnord plnoc no,i pue 'Fur>1red deeqc Ll}r/v\ u/v\o} aql oprslno ¡red )eJ e plrnq plnoc no^ 'oulaqcs oprJ-pue-y rcd e acnpollut plnoc no^
e¡doed elernocue ]LlElrx
1r
'enrsuedxo oJour
c
q
'or.uoL.l le srec JraLl] o^eal o] oJluoc u/v\o] oL1] u! Fu!>4red epeu no,i ¡¡ e erou seep! aseql elUA aU T
'en¡ssed eql Fulsn Á¡¡euro¡
Uodau -ZredButlrr¡¡ @
:f ! C f
o
'A0o¡ou qce+
l-
ro
rvtut
cn
#
oNtlg
c,
9NOUTS
I3S
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+J
o-oLl+-Jo-o+o+s opn cu I l/!\ tlol t l/v\'¡ o¡¡dso I
eA3 0u¡A¡1 /v\eu o Ou¡p¡¡nq
puo
uo0eq
uol+uene¡d
II
SIB¿¡O 'l,l,OZ ul
'-
¡1
(B)
(¿) ul selilunu:uroc elocq+looLl
(e) st SteUg 'senOoelloc rloLl+ looollo se¡1lllqodoc eq¡ ilcoo+ ujn+ ul oq/v\ 'sJeIJo/v\ oros e^e puo sro+cop locol ou¡u¡o.t1Ag
.Suo|llltlJ}o-(g)eq+pe^oSpUoseu+unocB/o+pelle^o]+
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orl+ o+ s)tuDL1l '¡o¡¡dsoq fue0rns eÁe
'seuurorOord
6u¡u¡oJ+ soes:e^o u¡
ulJJo+s
--
0u¡1od¡c¡¡od tuo4 sog+unoc
pUD|e^o{-(¡),uo¡1¡n+}os+so3l.]0lt.1ot]+loq+pe^lesqo
NOIIVN
(¿) lsour pe+uonerd uogopoululocoo
:lNlcloSr l
oseLl+
ON:IIXI
uo+Dd rC 's0/óL eq¿ 6u¡rnp ppo^ Ou¡do¡enop eLl+ lnoq6notq¡ (0) Oulttenor+ re+JV 'uo+od pt^og rC Jo oepl eLl+ so/!\ Slg¿l6
'(o) BuluulFeq aq¡ le etduexa ue s! aJar.ll 'oull otues oql u! deF etll u! stlt leql pto/n e ruJoJ ol seull aql lo otuos to pue eql le slelldec u! uenrF pro/n aLll asn '^ olaq lxal eql peer 'g-tr suol¡senb lo¡ T
r ]red qstlSul Jo asn pue Eulpeau
Reading and Use of Engtish Partz 1
to read an article about four entrepreneurs who put forward their business ideas to potential investors on a TV show called Dra§ons' Den. For questions L-LO, choose from the entrepreneurs (A-D). The entrepreneurs may be chosen more
You are §oing
than once.
A James Halliburton:The llloom Balloon
C
.9
+J 'ro
o C
.E
c) l{
' .1J
tr
r The Dragons saw the business potential of Mr Halliburton's invention - a glowing balloon which kept keys afloat when they fell into water - and he initially accepted a fl200,000 offer for a 25a/a stake in his company. However, Mr r Halliburton later changed his mind because when he was testing out his invention, he came up with an even better idea. 'When I saw how excited my next-door neighbour's young sons were about an illuminated balloon, I knew there was an opportunity to tap into that with an innovative new ro product. lt left me in no doubt that I could do it on my own, safe in the knowledge that I had an even bigger project in the pipeline.'The llloom Balloon is simply a reinforced balloon fitted with a tiny LED light inside, which glows brightly when it is inflated. Mr Halliburton continued, 'l took a gamble by rs Irot going with the Dragons' cash, but it has really paid offl
C Shaun Pulfrey: The thngle Teezer w Dragons' Den reject, Shaun Pulfrey, has had his innovative hairbrush snapped up by a well-known pharmaceutical company. The device, designed to smooth tangled hair easily, should make the hairdresser a good profit. Mr Pulfrey was turned down by the Dragons, who advised him to abandon :s his idea, saying it was not a worthwhile business project. Mr Pulfrey said: 'l just made a comment about one of the panelists colouring her hair to show how useful the product could be on highlighted hair. The fact that she denied her hair was coloured made me lose all hopel Despite leaving the +o show with no investment, he said, 'The whole experience has been instrumental in my success because of the exposure it gave me and my product, but the actual success of the product has been dnven by its ability to do what it says it on the pack. I knew there was a market for theTangleTeezer.'
B Kirsty Henshaw: Freedom Desserts Kirsty Henshaw secured a deal after impressing the investors on Dragons' Den. Kirsty decided to create her own range of dairy-free frozen desserts when she discovered that her son, Jacob, had an intolerance to dairy products. She said: 'lt zs started with my liüle ice-cream maker. Jacob seemed to love the desserts, which was my main aim. Then I just thought that maybe it could work as a business as wellj Kirsty admitted she had been anxious about facing the judges. 'Walking into the Den was nerve-racking,' she said. 'But hearing the rs Dragons compliment me and my product made up for all the hard work. When I first set out, it was very hard. I lived with my mum and had two jobs to save money to fund my dream. This opportunity has made me even more determined to keep on working hard to make the brand a successj
58
D Natalie Ellis:The Road RefresherWater Bowl Natalie Ellis appeared on the show asking for f 120,000 to help export her non-spill dog water bowl to America. When she tearfully admitted that her previous business had failed after she had a stroke, aged just 32 she won sympathy from the Dragons but no investment. But viewers were so impressed, and sales of the bowl have soared since the show. Natalie was an unusual contestant on Dragons' Den: unlike most, she did not apply. 'Two researchers approached me at an awards ceremony and asked me to go on,' she says. 'l didn't need ínvestment, I just wanted expertise. The sr story was picked up by the American press and I am now in talks with US retailers. I want to grow my business over there then sell it,' adds Natalie, who moves to Chicago at the end of the month. ¿r
69
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noÁ
ele} },uo^ ¡ es¡uotd ¡ ¿edtcel A ou stq} }o ),lult,l} noÁ op }eq6 ? Áes no,{ }l 'pueululB ',iqm eep! ou alell I I ),loo] ue ol au s,uolev 1nq ]uelsu! ¡ ^ 'o] no,i a¡e1 e 'o] ]ue¡n noÁ se alll a^ll pue a¡doed roL.llo se ]ou ]ue/v\ 'Á¡yoqs no,( qlrrvr aq lll/vr rl]llus r[ 'sauof st4 'ue / e ole] aseold p 'sorqqoq s,uolplrt¡c Jrotl] ut ue / e e>.le] s,{e¡rle plnol.ls s}uoled c ¡op ]ou plp I Eulqlauos rol
aq] axe] o] asnlor ,i¡ap¡osqe
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q
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ue
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ssoq
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lsll eql ruoll unou e¡errdordde ue
ql!/r^
socualues esaqt a¡e¡duog
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t alet ql!,l suo¡sserdx¡ o
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eleu ol scrret,
/
uo
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dee»1ql!^ sq¡an ¡eserq¿
Q
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'ec!]cerd olur ]nd o] enlsuedxe aq Áetu ]l C
'Á¡ano¡s
o
+, ()
o C
.=
o H
.t É,
Fu¡notdtut sr uorlenlts puwouoce
'stec ralle¡ uell] unl ol pctwouoce / cftuouoca arou ole srec rolleus ',{¡¡etauag e g 'peaocns paJJe plp )4cel q s,uneqs o] uolleuturelap ]coJJa ]uotulsonut lou ]o / ']ueuuor^ue aLll uo lca#a / en na1¡e aslanpe ue peq eneq senbtuqca] Fu¡tute¡ ulapohl 'sado¡enua pue
reded Eullu¡n ]no unr o^,aM 'fueuollels / r{tauogets a;oru oulos laB o} paau aM lo ']! olu!
paqselc pue fueuonels 'lueweÉwoc 'Uassap
/
/
fuauollels
se/v\ ]uorJ
q
ut rec aL{} 1eLl} eapd },up!p soue[ e t ]ull^ q
'quel lseot ol tuaweldwoc / wew!Éwoc 1ce¡ed aq] s! acnes luewt¡dwoc e ou s,{ed euoauos uaL,l^ posser;equa
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pesnluoc uago spro¡¡ @
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Fulle] suotluoul
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¿lnlasn
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l'd rather
Grammar
2
Wishes and regrets
Complete these sentences with one of these verbs in an appropriate form. You will need to make some of the verbs negat¡ve.
-"üif--aliüé-
'iliré i il-,1t" a
Plgy
think I'd a DVD. I
-áat
_y!.il
out tonight for a change. I'm
I'd rather you like him very much.
f
:
-r= ro
l'd
N-f,-s,r,,
a b
I wish I
c I wish I d
I
(nol
-==-
--
go) to bed so
/
(remember) to buy his
What does he say? Don't you think it's time
c
live) in the countryside.
Tony wished
he
d
she
(not eat) so
--
(hurry up)! I'm fed up with
Don't you sometimes wish married) so young? I
m
I
wish it
-=- she _ Mary wishes
you
(not
/
60
_--
§et
(stop) raining. I want to play tennis. (learn) to swim when she
was young. I wish I
Your doctor thinks you should have a holiday. What does she say to you?
It's time
Peter wishes he (be) taller so that he could see better at football matches. I wish Alison waitin§.
lsn't it time
(work) harder at school and
(Bet) some qualifications.
Susan felt sick and wished much chocolate.
Your mother asked you to put the lamb in the oven at twelve o'clock. lt's twelve o'clock now. What does your
sister say to you?
There's nothing to do!
-''.-
lt's half past seven. You get up at half past seven every day. What do you say to yourself? You are thirty years old and you still live with your parents. Your friend thinks you should Set your own place.
(put) your dirty socks in the laundry basket and not drop them on the floor! -_*-
(not
us next month. We're both
It's time
I wish you
I wish I
too early. I hate being the first
Read these situations - and write an appropriate sentence beginning with lt's time.
(can) afford to run a car like that.
Darren wishes he _-g¡rlfr¡end a birthday present.
f
/
3
a
(have) straisht hair!
I'm so tired. I wish late last--night.
rather
It's time
in brackets.
,t{
than be a passenger, wouldn't
We'd rather you very busy at the moment.
Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verbs
,+, ,.E
rather
you after eleven? I don't
person there.
C
rO
Patrick to the party. I don't
Would you rather I _ -want to wake you up.
I'd
r
o
'l'd rather
you?
MT
-g
day.
a piece of cake.'
€]
o
football than watch it any
'Would you like another sandwich?'
tli rl C
rather
i
to the cinema than rent
-=tired of cooking. I'd
_
rather
b l'd rather we c
e; --ñffi*l
(listen) to my brother's advice.
I9 raqlesM peq
oL,l]
oueld aLll
voor 'peq ¿rauurp ro]
se/v\ iar.llea/v\
alrl plno^
all]
LlBnoL,l]le
au!] uo ual aueld aLlI noÁ aAeH
noÁ leL,l/v\
GNll l
¿rauulp rol aM plno/v\ no/i 'osrou aLl] ]noqe
]eL{/v\
poplcop noÁ oAeH oJoL.ll
lVU]A3S 'asrou oll] lnoqe pourelduoc o^eq aldoad ouos
leele3
E SE FUISINU
13uclu roojec e se Fursrnu asoqc | /ijros lou tu,l 'pu!ru ],uop no/i Jl 'alouts U3HIVU
'pulrx nor{ }t 'a¡ous o} }ou no,{ le¡ald plno/v\ ],uop )aruea au
|
z
I
HSI/v\
rarueo 'eBe s¡q ouoauos lo¡ C
au lla] ],uplp no,i Alld e S,]l
se;nBtl
T.
uosef
'eEe srq auootuos roJ llo/v\ salnF!] dn sppe
ooo0 uosef
lldWVX3
(o
O
.9
o
'(g) e¡duexo ue s! oJaH 'uenlF pto/r^ oql Fu!pnlcur 'sptotvt a^¡¡ pue o^ ] uee^ ¡aq lsnu no^'uenlF pJo/n eql eFueqc lou oO 'uenlB pro/n eUl Eulsn 'ecueluas lsIU eql ol Fulueeu relluls e seq ll leql os acuoluas puoces etll elelduoc'g-tr suo¡¡sanb lo¡
C
.E
osn
o r{ #
T,
C,
,lred L{stlSul Jo osn pue Eulpeau
Vocabutary @ Pnrasal verbs with make
hiffi§
illffitrlffiü
1
phrasal verbs if you need to' Then Use a dictionary to check the meaning of these
verb in an appropriate form' complete the gaps in these sentences with an appropriate make uP to sb make up for make uP i make into make out
a
only slightly The compensation we received from the travel company our disastrous holidaY.
it ----b l'm so sorry I forgot your birthday. l'll their spare bedroom c Sam and Anna
you' I promise! a study' We could
do the same.
d e Compound
adiectives
grid. Words can go across or down' 2 The answers to these clues are hidden in the ' a Someone who cares about others is kind-close to them is very is it if only clearly something see b someone who can -
c A person who has a very hi$h opinion of themselves is b¡g--.d Another word for attractive to describe a person is good-e Someone who is relaxed and happy to accept things is f Memories which bring pleasure mixed with sadness are bitter-g A change which is likely to have a lot of si$nificant effects is h A person whose skin is brown from exposure to the sun is sun--skinned' i The opposite of sensitive for a person is jTheoppositeofmodernisold.=----. -through' k Another word for transparent is -to-wear' I The opposite of made-to-measure is ET PRSEE E KZSW R DE - DSCXL A EWHE ) oo KINGA L FOOD S EDMOT ON FASH E TCHYA RE T JIRF A HRACN EK CGEA S IORON ET Y MIAR Y CEDLE HB N E aNDl KVUDD FI E IAYA K HORTE RS C OLIL A EBDAS DY E EART H
C
o
+J
(o
o
c
.E
o #c F{
-
what never Why do doctors have such illegible handwriting? You can they've written. some excuse about the train being late' Andy arrived late as usual. He
' '
-go¡ng' '
-reaching '
I
I
in brackets' complete these sentences with an adjective related to the word (innovation) ideas are the result of trying to find a solution to a Most
a
problem.
b
c d
e 62
(success) ideas are often the simplest' but now they are When colour TVs first came onto the market, they were expensive, (afford). very _to desisn a new product' you don,t need to be particularly (number) inventions are patented every year'
The
most
-(artist)
C
E9
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Jo
laqunu e q]lM
,{¡¡ensn
'cla 'ul4 fe¡d '¡enou e ,to fuo1s
'Iooq eL,ll
e Jo uor}cas e}eredes e sr
eq1
enqdlc
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o
c
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p
1
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¡
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q
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il pear
ñu¡so¡c a1 Ewuado
noÁ
/
¡
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ttstutt ot ¡-lets (g)
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I
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ppt{c aqt parü^llap oqm ro}aop
sr{j
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sqs 'srlets aq} }o
looJ aqt Ie peüp 6u¡Á¡ a3¡nor §lq pug ot lrol'a u¡or, auoq soriloc aq 'Áep aug 'sllels aql ¡o do1 aql le qa¡ ,{¡sno¡.la}sr{w sr{o1 spu¡¡ aq uaqm r{¡luere¡¡¡p lutr4l o} sup}s oq uaq} tnq 's6ultll 6ulut6eul st aJIM slL{ slulr{l 'pueqsnq raq 'pl^B6l raq llp,l ol 6urfut sr pecurnuoc sl a{.ls or{M'pllr{c aql rot parlsr{ e sdo¡anep pue qp¡q §u¡n¡0 se¡p lsourle 'aollv'a}t4,1
aq¿ Aqeq
E e^eL{
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/ satep) /
silat G) ll
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o
uecHaurv aL$ Aq pauuad
+,
¡
paqpcsap
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11¡ Á.ro1s
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ro
o
'lcerrocu!
C
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o H
s! leql eserqd ro plo/n eql esootlc L-T suo¡¡senb Jol '/rtolaq
.g
.1J
A
e!^eJ
looq eqt peog
T
- zued 8ul1u¡¡
c
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oJE
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Listening
Part
8
1
What is the man trying to do?
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1.11You will hear people talking in eisht different situations. For questions 1-8, choose the best answer (4, B or
You hear a man asking for information.
A buy a computer B buy books
C).
C join a library
1, You hear a woman talking about people of different nationalities. What did she use to assume about people who used gestures?
Q
C that it was normal
1, Replace the verbs in italics in these sentences with the
You hear someone being interviewed about learning a language.
What does the speaker say about the family he lived with?
A They always
C
o
spoke to him in English.
B They were teachers at the local college. C He learned a lot of Thai from them.
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.9 C f
You hear someone talking about her oldest friend.
E E
How do the two friends keep in touch?
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A by writing to each other B by phoning each other every month
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C
.11
c
Vocabu[ary
A that they were foreign B that they were strange
What does the man tell the woman to avoid?
A blinking B staring eye contact
You hear a man talking about his first lie.
What happened when the speaker and his mother returned from shoppi ng?
A His mother discovered the medicine. B He hid the medicine in a cupboard. C
correct form of stick and one of these words.
out
He took more of the medicine.
A getting stuck in rush hour traffic B being stopped by the police C a car breakdown You hear a novelist talking about her work.
What were her views about it?
A that it was unlikely to be published B that an agent would find it interesting C that it needed to be rewritten 64
up for
When I was little, my bi§ brother always helped and protected me.
b
The employees are realizing that, if they are united,lhey can win an increased pay offer.
c
I really admire the way she has continued to work hard at that job even though she's found it really tough.
d I'll always help and support my children whatever they do. e That's my story and I'm not changingil. f He tore his trousers on a nail that was protrudin§from the wall.
say, speak, talk,
tell
2 Complete these sentences with the correct form of one of these four verbs: say, speak,talk,tell.
a b
I asked my father
Did I ever
-
if I could borrow his car and
he
yes. you the story of how I broke my
leg?
c
l'd love to be able to
ltalian. lt's such
a
romantic language.
d e
You overhear a conversation between two people.
What situation are they talking about?
of to together
a
by visiting each other several times a year
You overhear two friends talking about an interview.
C
enrasal verbs with stíck
f
Apparently, George Washington
never
a lie.
There's no point in being shy. You've just got to your mind. He
-
just wouldn't
phone down.
stop
. ln the end, I put the
C
99
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Reading and Use of Engtish 1
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You are going
to read an article about unidentified flying objects (UFOs). Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap (1-6).There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
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The first recorded case of this kind was in the 1950s, when r George Adamski claimed that he had been given rides in flying saucers belonging to people from Venus, Mars and Another early case of alien kidnapping took Saturn. place a few years later in 1961, when an American couple, Betty and Barney Hill, saw a UFO while driving home one ro night in New Hampshire. The couple stopped to observe the UFO through binoculars and thought they could see people aboard. To escape from what they were sure was an alien spaceship, they took the back roads and arrived home two hours late. A week later, Mrs Hill began to rE dream that they had not escaped, but had been taken on St"," board the spaceship and medicalty examined. even described how she had seen a star map, marked with the aliens' trade routes.
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to see fast as they could. happened next but drove off as what He said he had woken up on the UFO and found himself surrounded by creatures with no hair and with halt formed faces. These 'people' then put a mask over his face :o ánd he fell asleep again. He claims that he remembered nothing else until he awoke in the forest near to where he had disappeared.
:s They found this so terrifying that they did not stay
Visitors from space are the subject of many 2Oth-century fairy tales, yet millions of normal people sincerely believe But is there any real proof ? that they are real.
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Part 6
in
Arizona, when a team of woodcutters who were working in a remote forest area returned home with a strange story of how one of their group had disappeared in the forest. They had, apparently, seen their friend Travis Walton knocked unconscious by a blue-green light from a flying saucer.
At the time, his story received national publicity, some people calling it the most impressive case of its kind. ,r mil Now, three decades later, and despite the fact that there is absolutely no hard evidence that the earth has ever received visitors from space, the results of several American surveys indicate that the majority of people are convinced that there are such things as UFOs. This suggests that people want flying saucers to exist, maybe because as human beings we need to believe that we are not alone in the universe or that there are superior beings capable of showing us how to survive in an increasingly hostile world. This probably explains the lasting popularity +s of films and books involving UFOs and aliens of all kinds. Two of the most well-known, Ef and Close Encounters of theThird Kind, were massive box office hits. +o
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Grammar Conditionals
1,
Complete these conditional sentences usin§ the correct form of the verb in brackets. (go) swimming with you. a lf we're home early tonight, we =(take) him ages to get to sleep' b lf Paul drinks coffee at ni§ht, it -'---
(not look) so untidy. c lf Anna hung her clothes up, her room (tell) him you're looking for him. d lf I see your father in the next hour, I _-*--(not stop) talking to him. e lf Andrew hadn't been so rude, his colleagues (be) on her own' f My mother never gives people lifts in her car if she (not get) wet if you--had closed the window. g The car seat (not have Éot) his g¡lasses on. h My grandfather can't see very well if he ---¡ I =-----.(phone) you if I can't get there. (practise) more regularly. j You'd be better at tennis if you
2
Rewrite these sentences as Type 2 or 3 conditional sentences. EXAMPLE
He's tired because he works all the time.
tf he didn't work all the time, he wouldn't be tired.
a Sue was ill, so she didn't go to the party. b I don't often go to the theatre because there isn't one in my town. C
o
+,
Jeff couldn't play football because he'd broken his leg.
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.9
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= E E
d
My mother never goes swimming because She'S afraid of water.
e
I'd like to buy a yacht, but I haven't got f,100,000 to spare.
o (J F{ l{
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It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.
tr
g
I can't send her a postcard because I don't know her address.
h He walked into the road sign because
he wasn't looking where he was going.
Choose the correct word or phrase in these sentences.
a You'll be late unless / provided that you leave now. b I'll give you a lift in my car as long as / unless you don't smoke. c lf / Unless you don't stop eating, you're going to make yourself ill. d I'm sure we'll have a good holiday, provided that / unless the weather's good. e lf / lJnless you tell me what's wrong, I can't help you.
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Part 3
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1.12 You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about juvenile crime. For questions 1-5, choose from the list (A-H) what each speaker says. Use the letters only once. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use.
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A Vandals should be punished. B Parents are responsible if their children C I sympathize with young people. D Fear of crime affects people's lives. E I blame the society we live in today. F Young people don't respect anyone.
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c,
break the law.
G Parents can't always control their children. H Pressure from others is often to blame.
Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 3 Speaker 4 Speaker 5
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Reading and Use of Engtish Partz 1
to read an article on page 71 about shoplifting. For questions 7--LO, choose from the sections (A-E).The sections may be chosen more than once.
You are go¡ng
Which paragraph
states that shoplifters feel they are treated wrongly? explains how some people make a career out of shoplifting? gives the writer's opinion about what should be done about the situation? says that many shoplifters worry about being arrested? suggests that all kinds of people can be shoplifters? gives the most common reason why people consistently shoplift? states that peer pressure often causes some people to shoplift?
states the writer's assumption that the reader will agree with his view? says that some shoplifters believe their actions are justified? describes a point of view which is different from the writer's? 70
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Complete sentences a-d with appropriate words from this list, making any necessary changes. Some words are used more than once.
Vocabutary Cdme vocabulary
arrest
L Put the letters in italícs in the correct order to make words
bail
;hrrg"- ;"r*t
penalty guilty jud$e sentence trial verdict death
related to crime. The first letter is in bold. She was errstead by a store detective as she was leaving
the shop and accused of flipgintosh.
l court jury Orobation
i
i i
ln England and Wales, when someone who is suspected a crime is caught, theY are of __.police officers, taken to a police station, and held in by custody. After questioning, if the police believe the person . is guilty of the crime, they will be formally '-=--
Some people don't consider ragburly a serious crime. But once you've been re§buld, you never feel entirely safe in your own home. He was charged with deepsing - he had been doing sixty in a thirty limit - and krind-§indvir.
the next day The person usually appears in --- The magistrate then to confirm their name and address. . decides whether to release them on This is a sum of money that someone agrees to pay if -_the person accused of the crime does not show up at . lf the magistrate refuses to grant their bail, the person has to stay in prison until the day of their
People who get into fights at football matches are not fans, they are looginahs. The gumreg pushed the woman to the ground and ran off with her handbag.
Some people think that painting graffiti is an act of mailsdanv comparable to smashing up phone boxes.
--.-
The trial date is usually set several months ahead. lf
the crime is serious, then the evidence will be heard by made uP of twelve men and women. a After they have heard all the evidence, they will g¡ve their or not . The person is found +)
person
in the is the most important - --- He or she punishment. This will decide on the court room. has who could range from _, where someone
The
.G)
o o a
(\
a minor crime is not sent to prison if they behave well over a period of time, to a life--for murder for the most serious crimes. The =was abolished in Great Britain in 1965. However, it still exists in many US states and other countries around the
t{ ..rJ
É,
world.
@ enrasal verbs with
3
up
Complete these sentences with the correct form of one of these verbs and up.
i_*:ñ** a
*_-ll-l!;1""_
The boy threw a carrier bag at the shopkeeper and . it ordered her to
the letter b I was so angry that I into small pieces. the present in pretty gold paper. c She - you can have a bar of all your milk, d 'lf you chocolate,' the woman said to her son.
e Í g
My desk is in su ch a mess. I suppose I'd better it -
everyone! Don't let the food get cold'
the mess after the
lt took us three hours to party.
-, 72
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Grammar Probability and possibility
Alison James said he had transferred the money into my account, but it still isn't there. Will Maybe you didn't §ive him the right account number. Have you checked?
L Use a modal verb from the list in an appropriate
tense to rephrase the parts of the sentences in italics. There may be more than one possible answer. The first one is done as an example.
*,"1t
k
: {9_yl-1:_,,e1;1__-;[.t-
Where's Jane? She said she was coming.
Tom
Maybe she§ coming later.
J¡ll
EXAMPLE
Wife
Josh
Was the meal all right? Heather and Dave didn't eat much.
Chris
Husband It lt was very verv nice. Maybe Mavbe they thev weren't hun§ry. hun§rv.
a
name.
Julie
Maybe /7/ invite him. I haven't made up my mind yet.
Fran
Oh no! This isn't my suitcase!
Julian
Then you took the wrong one by mistake. ls there a name anywhere?
+,
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d
o a
§¡
Angie
Nic§
Maria tried out that cheese soufflé recipe you gave her when we were round on Saturday, but it was a disaster. lt didn't rise. The oven probably wasn't hot enouSh.
Lynne Which one's Emma's new boyfriend?
Liz
lt's probably that tall guy over there with the long
hair. He's the only one that looks like a musician. I don't think that's William's jacket, bul maybe l'm
wrong.
i
can't be tired. He wants to play another
can be coming later.
/
e
could be right, I suppose.
You can
/
mustn't have meant to upset you.
Articles
3
Complete the gaps in these sentences with a / an,the or A if no article is required.
a He was born in United States, but he emisrated
to
West lndies when he was still a young man. homeless is being built in
new hostel for town centre.
meal was great.- Thanks for inviting me.
c
works as nurse. Her husband is lawyers. architect. Both their sons are
d Joyce
'They've just bought -
villa by
sea.'
-villa got? Has it got -
'How many rooms has swimming pool?' -
cheese -
glass Can I have - of water and sandwich, please? 'Have you been - on
'No,
holiday yet?' -
holiday we had booked was cancelled at
last minute.'-
Man
Waiter, this bill is for
Peter
We should be there by now. We've been driving for forty minutes. Val said it would only take us
f100. We only had coffee and sandwiches. l'm sure you've made a mistake.
- highest mountain in Himalayas. Everest. lt's in -
twenty minutes after the crossroads. Rob
74
/
d She can't
+,
=e
/
c Diana may
l{
tr
Joe and Liz can't / mustn't have gone on holiday. Dave says he saw them yesterday.
Andrew mustn't round of golf.
Janis said she'd be here by one if she managed to get away. lt's quarter past now, so l'm sure she isn't coming. ls Alan coming to the party?
She always gets top marks in maths, though. Maybe it's something else that's bothering her.
Choose the correct answer in italícs in these sentences.
Sally Well, I suppose it is possible that / misheard the
Susie
Denise was looking very fed up after the maths exam.
Well, we've obviously taken a wrong turning somewhere.
Mount
world is
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v9
g9
V8 3 L VZ 3T
3V 8t v
eBed §ulua1St1
T
y 'e¡duexe roJ'sollauJ
llun
Vocabulary
Grammar
page 4
7a doing edoing f 've made / b make g make c do d to do / doing
! a made
Grammar 7 a must/ should
page s
b have to / need to c must d had to e must / need to / should f need to 2 a don't have to b needn't c didn't need to show d don't have to / don't need to e didn't have to 3 a compulsory d is allowed b forbidden e don't have to c can't 4 When you're twelve, you can / you're allowed to buy pets. / you're not allowed to buy pets until you're twelve.
You can't
When you're thirteen, you can / you're allowed to get a part-time job. You can't / you're not allowed to get a part-time job until you're thirteen.
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When you're sixteen, you can / you're allowed to leave school. You can't / you're not allowed to leave school until you're sixteen. When you're eighteen, you can / you're allowed to buy cigarettes. You can't / you're not allowed to buy ci§arettes until you're ei§hteen. When you're eighteen, you can / you're allowed to vote in elections. You can't / you're not allowed to vote in elections until you're eighteen. When you're sixteen, you can / you're allowed to become a soldier. You can't / you're not allowed to become a soldier until you're sixteen. When you're seventeen, you can / you're allowed to drive a car. You can't / you're not allowed to drive a car until you're seventeen.
Reading and Use of Engtish
b
Vocabulary !
page 7
I'm driving You're always telling
s
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reports about cosmetic surgery operations that have gone wrong. When I heard about these, I wondered why so many people choose to have these operations. (e) Io conclude, I would suggest that everyone considering cosmetic surgery should first receive honest medical advice and be warned about
the risks involved. (f) There is no doubt that some cosmetic operations are necessary for medical or psychological reasons, (g) for example for patients who have been involved in serious accidents. (h) However, it is clear from the
1D 28 3A 48 5C 6D
page 8
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Readrng and Use of English page 10
1B 2D 3C 4A 5B 6A 7B 8A 9D 10C Vocabulary page LL 7 a undervalued b overdressed, underdressed c overgrown d extra-curricular e overcritical / hypercritical f extraordinary g overqualified 2 a A cat which got ¡nto the house
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e
number of operations conducted
Reading and Use of English
T
Unit 2
every year that most 'patients' are not in (i) this category.
page 6
78
pase e
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give up page
Listening pase L7 7C 2A 3C 48 5B 6C 7B o
more I won, the more frequently I played, and it wasn't long before I was playing for three or four hours every day. And did you go on winning? lnt Maggie For a while, yes. I was beginning
to think I couldn't lose, so gambled larger and larger sums of money, until one day I lost five thousand pounds. I
Audio script
lnt
This evening in our series 'ln my experience' our guest is Maggie Lyons an adviser to people who are addicted to gambling. She provides support to individuals
and gives talks to local community groups. Welcome, Maggie. Maggie Thank you - hello. You have not always worked as lnt an adviser, have you? Maggie No, certainly not. / was once addicted to gamblinS myself. Can I start by asking you how lnt you became addicted and, perhaps more importantly, how
you managed to kick the habit?
Magg¡e Well, let me start by saying it was a lot more difficult to stop than it was to start, lt began in a very innocent way, really. A §roup of us at work used to
meet for a game of cards every week. We played for very low stakes, but for some reason almost always won, and sadly, got ¡t into my head that I was a luc§ person. I
I
80
Samble smaller and smaller amounts of money each time.
such a good secret. How much money did you make lnt in the end? Magg¡e ln the first month, I made over two thousand pounds. The
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1-a3 b7 c2 2 a never got used to b used to smoke c are used to getting dressed d get used to driving e did you use to live
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actually make?
person, I started gambling online - and strangely I went on winning. Believe it or not, in my first week, I made over a hundred pounds. Perhaps my mistake was that I didn't tell anyone what I was doin$. I kePt it
Vocabutary page 16 d g¡ving away 1, a give back e gave in / gave uP b gave out Grammar
to §radually reduce the amount of time / spent online, and to
Maggie Next to nothing, really probably about five pounds a week. Playing for money just made the game a bit more exciting. Anyway, because lwas convinced that I was a lucky
Unit 3
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That does sound very innocent. How much money did you
lnt
Five thousand?
Magg¡e Yes, but even then, I thought I'd win again if I went on playing. But over the next few weeks, lost more often than I won, until I had almost no money left in the bank. lnt So what did you do? Magg¡e ln the end / asked my dad for a loan - I told him I needed a new I
car. And nobody advised you to stop? Magg¡e No - because nobody knew. I think my close friends misht have guessed but didn't know for sure. Anyway, to cut a long story short, eventually I realized gambling was ruining my life and I decided to look for help. lnt Where did you go?
lnt
Maggie I phoned a helpline and got an appointment with an addiction counsellor. She was brilliant. How did she help? lnt Magg¡e She said it was the activity was addicted to, rather than the money, so her advice was I
At one point I thought about getting together with other addicts, but decided against it in the end.
lnt
And were you able to follow that advice? Maggie Well, eventually,yes, but I can't pretend it was easy. Did you go on losing money? lnt Magg¡e Sometimes I won and sometimes I lost, but the amounts were never very large, so the impact on my life was not as great as it had been. After two months I began to get bored. Almost without realizing il, I found / was choosin§ to spend my money on c/othes, books, go¡ng to the cinema things like that. So when was the last time you lnt gambled? Maggie Three years ago. I can't believe I was so stupid. And now you help other PeoPle Int with the same problem? Magg¡e Yes, that's ri§ht. I work as a volunteer for the same organization that helPed me. use the same method, too. And does it always work? lnt Maggie Usually, yes. The thing is, it takes people different lengths of time to kick the habit, but in the end they nearly all do - or they I
at /east reduce the¡r gambl¡ng to a levelthey can control. Some people are hapPy with that. You must find it very rewarding. lnt Magg¡e I do - because I know how dreadful addiction can be. Next, we're going to talk to lnt someone who is still addicted to online gambling and ask Maggie to give her some advice.
Grammar page 17 !a experience e
b lights c noise d much time 2 a bit/ piece / b bit / piece / c bit / stroke
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Reading and Use of English page 24
1C 28 3D 48 5D 6A Grammar page 2s 7 a too, enough c too d enough b too 2 b You aren't old enouSh to learn to drive.
c
You're walking too slowly to keep
d
These new jeans aren't big enough
up with me.
e o
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f g
for me. My brother lives too far away to come for the weekend. I'm too short to reach the top shelf. I'm not well enou§h to come on holiday with you.
Reading and Use of English page 26 7 didn't have (enough) time 2 is bound to pass
3 have arranged a meeting / have arranged to meet 4 has been brought in 5 are unlikely ever to go / to ever go 6 picked it up while / by / when / whilst
Vocabulary page 26 t b energetic h fair i organized c creative j fit d patient k enthusiastic e caring I hard-working f brave g sociable m cheerful
Writing page 27 11b 2f 3a 4d 2a4 b1 c5 d3 e6 f2
82
either boiling hot or freezing cold - and the beds were narrow and really hard. I woke up with backache every morning. lf you were really unlucky, you'd be sharin§ with someone who snored or be woken up in the middle of the ni§ht by a ticket inspector. lt wasn't the most restful way to travel.
Unit 5 Vocabulary page 28 1a trip ecrossing f cruise b tour g voyage c journey d excursion 2adid b campsite, put up c landed d boarded, crew, fasten e package f miss g coach, booked h ports, disembarked i take j lanes k souvenir 3 a pick me up e took off f stop over b set off c checked in g drop you off d see him off d time 4 a seat e parts b tyre
c
room
f
Speaker 3 The worst travelling experience l've ever had was when I was in the States. / was flying from Newark to Washin§ton Dulles - about an hour's flight. We set off late, and then when we were half-way to Washington, we were told that we
couldn't land because of bad weather and we had to turn back. Then, when we got back to Newark, we found that all the flights to Washington had been cancelledl We ended up sleeping on the floor of the departure loun§e! We had to complain repeatedly to the Sround staff, but eventually they put us on buses to take us to our destination. Speaker 4 I don't suppose I could really
change
Listening page 2e 1E 2C 3A 4H 5D Extra sentences: B, F, G
Audio script
recommend hitchhiking as a way of travelling these days, but when I did it, it was a common way of getting around on a tight budget. No one gave a second thought as to whether it was safe or not. When I was in my early twenties, hitchhiked all round Europe, and never once felt in any sort of danger. I loved it. You never got bored because every day was different - you never knew where you were go¡ng to end up, and everY person who gave you a lift was different. You might be picked up by a couple in an expensive car one day and a farmer driving a tractor the next. I
Speaker 1 Last year, I went to France on a day trip with some friends. They were taking their car and asked if I wanted to come along as they had a spare seat. I was quite excited because I'd never travelled to France through the Channel Tunnel before - I'd always gone on the ferry - and I have to say it was much faster and much more convenient, but it was also quite boring. lt was like being on a plane with no windows, because there was nothing to see except the car in front and the car behind. I'm not saying I wouldn't use the Tunnel again, but it certainly wasn't what I expected. Speaker 2 One summer, when I was a student, travelled round Spain by train. I went with a friend and we travelled at ni§ht to save money on accommodation. We slept in 'literas', which are bunk beds. There were six in each compartment: three on each side, one on top of the other. The temperature in our compartment was never ri§ht - it was I
Speaker 5 I went to China last year with a tour company. I'm not a great fan of organized holidays as a rule, but if you're going to a country where you don't know the language, and you want to see as much of it as you can in a short time, then it's a good way to do it. Our guide was very informative, and we saw an awful lot, including how people live, which was fascinating. But we didn't stop from seven in the morning till seven at ni§ht! /t was a very t¡r¡ng schedule and it involved so much travelling! l'd have liked to spend a week at a beach resort at the end to recover. But that's my only
criticism.
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Audio script Today I'm going to talk about fish and
some recent research into how their minds work. You are probably thinking 'Fish don't have minds, surely?' But that is just one of the many wrong ideas people have about fish. Today, I hope to dismiss some of these ideas. The first thing I want to say is that not all fish are the same. And I'm not talking about the obvious differences between one species of fish and another; I'm talking about differences within species. lt's been known for a long time that animals like cattle and dogs are all individuals, and behave differently in different circumstances; but that's also true of fish. Research has shown that some fish are bold individuals who are risktakers, and others are shy and will avoid taking risks.
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Another wrong idea people have is that fish have no memory. Unfortunately, films like the Hollywood blockbuster Finding Nemo, which stars a forgetful blue fish called Dory, have reinforced this idea. A f,sh's memory is longer than the three seconds that people credit them with. Research has shown that they can remember experiences for many months after just a little training. One trial involved putt¡ng fish in a bi§ fishing net in a tank, and moving the net quickly backwards and forwards. The fish had to learn where the hole in the net was in order to get out. lt only took about five trials - that's about 15 to 20 minutes - for them to learn it. Ihen when the same fish were tested 72 months later, it was found that they'd remembered exactly where the escape route was.
There has also been some rather unusual research done on carp fairly recently. ln this study they played jazz and classical music to the carp. They trained them to perform one task if they heard jazz and a different task if they heard c/assica/ music. You may ask how they were able to do that. Well, fish have quite a good hearing system, so they can hear the music. But whether it's the vibration of the music or the rhythm that helps them to distinguish one kind of music from the other is not yet known. Many people ask me whether fish can feel pain. ln one recent study, when the lips of live trout were injected w¡th bee venom, they rocked from side to side just like some zoo animals do when they're
84
depressed or sad. They also rubbed the affected area against the sides of the tank and the gravel at the bottom. Ihis appears to be similar to the behaviour of people and animals, who also try to reduce the intensity of pain in an affected area by rubbing it. However, there is another school of thought that says that because fish don't possess a neocortex, that's the outer part
of the brain believed to be responsible for consciousness, they can't feel pain in the same way we do. Finally, you may be wondering what my
views are on keeping, for example, a goldfish as a pet. Well, that's not really for me to say, but research shows that fish are more conscious creatures than they were previously thought to be, so personally lwould be a§ainst keeping them in smallglass bowls. A tank would certainly be preferable. But put lots of things in it; change the scenery around from time to time. lf you want your fish to be happy and healthy, the most important thing is that they're stimulated and interested.
Writing
page 3e
Music plays an important role in many people's lives. Whether it is classical music, pop music, rock music, jazz or opera, we all listen to it at one time or another for a variety of reasons. Music can certainly affect our mood (,) but the kind of music we listen to
will affect our mood differently. Upbeat music generally makes people feet happy (,) while slow music, particularly if it reminds us of a painful event in our past, can make us feel sad. lf we are feeling sad or depressed, music may lift our spirits. However, there are many other activities people can do. Many people find that doing exercise is effective. For other people, spending time with friends has the same positive effect on their mood. Being out in the countryside or by the sea can also work. To sum up, music may be a good therapy
for some people when they are feeling low, but for others it can have the opposite effect. There are many other activities which people can do which are equally, if not more, effective. Note: The punctuation marks in brackets are optional.
Unit 7 Listening pase 40 1B 2A 3A 48 5C 6A
7C
Audio script
lnt
Welcome to today's 'Free Time',
the programme which looks at the work of unpaid volunteers. Last week, we heard from Hamid, who helps to organize a sports club for children in his neighbourhood. Today in the studio we have Jerry, a 2O-year-old student. Jerry, could you start by telling us briefly what kind of volunteering you do? Jerry Of course. I work on a steam railway quite near to where I
lnt
study. A steam railway
- that sounds
fascinating. Tell us more.
Jerry Well, as you've probably giuessed, this is not an ordinary modern railway which takes people to and from work. lt's actually a historic railway which ori§inally opened
in 1-865. /t used to transport coal from the mines in the area to the nearest port, which was about fifty kilometres away. Ihese days, it's mainly a tourist attraction, although there is still a daily service which takes people from a small village to the nearest town. lnt And what do you do to help with the running of the railway? Jercy Well, the only thing I don't do is drive the engines. That's specialist work I'm not qualified to do. But / do everything else, from selling tickets to passengers to keep¡ng the station tidy and servin§ in the café. What I like best is helping to repair and restore old steam engines. Being an engineering student, that's not too difficult for me to do and find it absolutely fascinating. But during the spring and summer, there are a hundred and one things to do to cater for the visitors. So, §enerally speaking we do this kind of work out of the tourist season. There's a bit more time for it then. lnt And how is the railway funded? Jerry We get a small grant from the local council, but most of our I
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I've listened to this programme for as long as I can remember - so long, in fact, that I now think of the main newsreaders almost as friends.
5
Man
2
lnt Man lnt Man
lnt Man
Can I ask you a few questions about the newspapers you read? Certainly, what would you like to know? Well first of all, do you read a newspaper every day, or only
occasionally? Every day. Actually, I read two papers - the News Daily on the way to work and the Financial Times when I get to work. When you're reading the News Daily, what do you read first? Well, I glance atthe main stories, then turn to the back and read the day's sports news.
3
Woman I have to admit, I love those magazines that tell you all about celebrities, you know, film stars, singers, TV personalities. I love finding out the details of their private lives: who's having an affair with who, who's bought an expensive new house, who's expecting a baby. Most of all, I like read¡ng about what's happening in my favourite soap operas.l know some people pretend they aren't interested in this kind of thing but I don't believe them. I think everyone's curious about how the rich and famous live their lives.
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every day. lt's fantastic. / m totally amazed that anyone sti// buys the paper. You can even
find out background information by following the links at the ends of the stories. lt's certainly a quick and easy way of finding out what's go¡ng on in the world. 6
Woman Did you see the film on Channel 29 last night? Man No, we haven't got satellite TV. Woman Really? You don't know what you're missing. Man How many channels can you get? Woman Ei§hty-three at the moment, but it's §oing up to one hundred and fifty
Man
boy
the moment, having sx channels to choose from. Woman You'd get used to rt. Man l'm not sure I'd want to get used to it - especially if §reater choice meant poorer quality programmes.
which may come as no surprise to teachers and parents of small children, but which was certainly news to me. The basic finding is this: the more often parents read to their children from a very early age, the greater the effect
TV.
just so middle-aged. 86
bit earlier. Woman Well, it's worth a try.
Vocabulary L a goes by b go after
on their language skills, such
8
Man
What time do we need to leave in the morning? Woman Half past ei§ht at the latest.
going on go up go along with
Reading and Use of Eng[ish page 48
1B 2A 3D 4D 5D 6A Grammar 1,
a b c d e
2a
b
page 50
'Hurry up. We're going to be late.' 'Do you think I should wear my long dress or my short stripy one / dress?' 'l think you should wear your black dress. / Why don't you wear your black dress?' 'l can't. lt's at the dry-cleaner's.' / 'l can't because it's at the drycleaner's.' 'l don't care what you wear, but if we're late, I might lose my job.' Delia said (that) she'd love to and asked him what time it started. Paul replied that it started / would start (at) about ten but that she could come when she liked. Delia said (that) she'd been invited
to Paul's party. Angie asked when
as reading and speaking. lt was found that reading to children six or seven times a week puts them almost a year ahead of those who are not read to on a regular basis. lt's clear that this will §ive children who are read to a massive advanta§e.
pase 48
d e c go through f
7
Woman I've recently read some research
I'm probably not typical of someone my age, but I find most programmes completely predictable. I §et very bored watching'N - l'd much rather be actually doing somethinS. So, for example, / spend a fair amount of time playing football or swimming. The only programmes I try to watch regularly are music programmes - | try to catch the charts every week. But I can honestly say, I never watch the news or documentaries. Most of all I hate game shows - they're
next year. I don't think I could cope with all
that choice. /t's bad enou§h at
4 Teenage I hardly ever watch
Oh! But I've asked the decorator to come round. Woman What time? Man Well, I asked him to come first thing. He said he'd be here by nine. That'll be okay, won't it? Woman l'm not sure. The ferry leaves at ten and it takes about an hour to get there. Man Hmm - that could be a problem. Woman Can't we ask him to come next week? Man We could - but l'd prefer to rin§ him and see if he can §et here a Man
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it was. Delia replied that it was on Saturday. She added that she didn't want to go but (she) couldn't say no. Angie suggested that Delia should phone him / Paul on Saturday and say (that) she didn't feel well. Paul's mother warned him not to make too much noise. She added that she didn't want any complaints from the neighbours. Paul promised (that) he wouldn't.
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Vocabu[ary t a to
c
page 53
b in con d to ein 2 a make, with b making, from c take, off d make, for e made, with
f g
about, to against
d
hon
i to, between j to f takes, for g take, in h make, of i take, at
e
f g
Reading and Use of Engtish page 55
h
1D 2C 3A 48 5C 6B Vocabutary
i
Sally's going out with someone who / lhal she met at Jason's party. j Not surprisingly, we never got back the things which / that we'd reported stolen. k We'll be staying at the Seaview Hotel, which is on the seafront. I The best time to go to Scotland is June, when the weather is warmer. m I've decided I don't like the shoes which / lhal I bought on Saturday. n The Hilton is expensive, which is what you'd expect. After all, it is a five-star hotel.
1, observation / observer, prediction, definition, explanation, reaction, variation / variely, behaviour, performance / performer, occurrence, suggestion, fluctuation, eruption
Grammar page 56 7 a Non-defin¡ng: The word o .y
b
c d e
f
g h i 2a
The 10.05 from London to Norwich, which is due to arrive at Platform 1, will call at Colchester, lpswich
and Norwich.
b
88
We'll have the party next Friday, which is the day when / that he comes out of hospital.
m¡ght have done it? I don't know of any restaurants where you can get a decent meal for under Lts. What's the name of that singer whose record was number one last month? The one who / that writes his own songs. United's second goal, which was scored in the final minute, won
Reading and Use of Engtish page 57
1,
f. international 2 medical 3 donation 4 knowledge
o
The girl over there who
/
that
is
a b
c d e
f
were
made more expensive, people misht be encouraged to leave their
cars at home.
b
c d
e
A park-and-ride scheme could be introduced. A car park could be built outside the town with cheap parking, and free transport could be provided into the town centre. More bicycle racks, where bikes can be left safely, should be installed. Cars could be banned from go¡ng into the town centre altogether and only bikes, taxis and buses (be) allowed. lf the suggested changes were implemented, the amount of pollution in the town centre would be reduced.
Unit 10 Reading and Use of English
talking to John used to go to my
page 59
school.
1D 2A 3B 4C 5D 6A 7C 8B 9B 10C
3 Sentences e, i, j, m 4
5 sisht 6 strengthening 7 blindness 8 treatment
Writing page 57 t a lf parking in the town centre
them the cup.
page 55
'smo§', which was coined in the early 2oth century, combines the words 'smoke' and 'fog'. Non-defining: ln the late 1-9th century, London, which was known as 'The Big Smoke', suffered almost constant foggy conditions. Defining Defining Non-definin§: Because of the poor visibility, which was often less than one metre, dozens died in road accidents. Non-defining: These days smog, which particularly affects people who have respiratory problems, is mainly caused when fuel emissions from cars react with sunli§ht in humid, still atmospheric conditions. Defining Defining Defining
The golden eagle, whose eggs are stolen by unscrupulous collectors, is now an endangered species. What's the name of the girl who / that got married to Chris Small? ls it Louise? Can you think of any reason why he
The guest house we stayed at when we were in Prague was risht
in the city centre. The couple we shared our table at lunch with were from Poland. / The couple we shared our table with at lunch were from Poland. The travel agency we booked our holiday through was excellent. The tour, which we had heard so much about, was definitely worth go¡ng on. The audio guide, which we would
have been lost without, was available in several languages. The holiday we'd looked forward to so much was over too soon.
Vocabutary
page se
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Audio script
or email, but there's something very special about writing old-fashioned letters.
t Woman I think the British use more gestures than they used to. It may be partly because we come into contact with other nationalities more often than in the past - you know, on foreign holidays, or when we see foreigners on television. I think we've got used to seeing people gesturing, and we've started doing it ourselves. I remember when / was a child lthought anyone who moved their hands and arms about when they were talking was very odd. Now I'd say it's much more common. 2
lnt Man Int Man o
.v,
lnt Man
lnt Man
Do you think you could tell us something about how you learned Thai? Of course. lt was when I was worklng as a teacher in Bangkok. Did you have lessons or did you just pick it up? Both. I lived with a Thai family, and I also went to evening classes at a local college. Did the family teach you?
Not exactly, but I certainly learned from them. Even though they could speak English very well, I insisted that they always spoke to me in Thai. That way I was forced to use the lansuase. And the evening classes? They helped of course, but I found the grammar quite difficult.
4
Man
in the eye.
Woman I find it quite difficult to keep eye contact for longer than
Woman I took early retirement from work because of illness and decided to do a course in creative writing at our local university. lt was just for fun, really - and to keep myself occupied - I never thou§ht l'd get anything published. The course lasted two years and towards the end they invited a number of literary agents to meet us. During the second year, I wrote the first draft of a story connected with my family and one of the agents seemed interested. We met a couple more times and he decided to take me on. And the rest, as they say, is history. My second novel's coming out next month.
I
I
I
angry - just really upset. I'll never forget the look on her face.
Woman I've known Maggie since we
90
7
a few seconds. I feel quite embarrassed. Man You need to practise doing il. Obviously, you've got to be careful not to look as if you're starin§, so that means not opening your eyes too wide. Woman What about blinking? ls it OK to blink? Man Yes, of course. lt's not some kind of competition to see who's the first to blink. lt's just a way of showins that you're interested in the person you're talking to. 5 Man I wouldn't say I'm a particularly honest person - it's just that I'm just not very good at lying. can still remember the first lie ever told. I was about six at the time. I had some medicine for a sore throat and I hated the taste of it. My mother promised she'd take me shopping as soon as I'd had this horrible medicine. So hid the medicine at the back of a cupboard and told my mother I'd taken il. About five minutes after we got back from the shops my mother found it. She wasn't
3 were at school together. We've met regularly ever since. One year she'll come and stay with me, and the next l'll visit her. And we've had a few holidays together. And on top of that we've always written resular /etters. We've been doing it now for over forty years. We've only ever missed a couple of letters: once when I was away on holiday and once when Maggie was in hospital having one of her children. We've thought about changing to the phone
And remember, when you're answering the interviewer's questions, look them
it was rush hour - the road was incredibly busy. Man So what did you do? Woman ljust waited and hoped someone would stop and help me. The thing is, I've never changed a tyre before. Eventually, thank goodness, a police car stopped.
6
Woman lt was awful - ljust didn't know what to do.
Man
Didn't you have your mobile with
you?
Woman Yes, I did, but the battery
Man
flat.
was
What about the emergency phones? There's usually one of those about every 500 metres. Woman I could probably have reached one, but I was worried about leaving the car and walking around outside on my own. And
8
Woman We're open every day except Sundays.
Man
OK - and how do I become a member? Woman lf you complete this form and bring it back here, we'll issue you a card. Man And what does that entitle me to? Woman lt allows you to use all of our facilities and to take out three books at a time for up to two weeks. Man And can I access the internet
here?
Woman Yes, we have a computer suite on the first floor. Man Great! And how much is all this? Woman At the moment, there's no charge if you live locally, but
there may be a fee for internet usage in the future.
Man
Thank you very much.
T6
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Speaker 5 You have to realize that these young people haven't got much money and so there is a limited number of things they can do. They can't afford to go to the cinema or go bowling, or at least not very often. They are too young to go to pubs or nightclubs. They want to be with other young people their own age, but they don't want to be stuck at home. So what do they do? Hang about in the street, meet up with other young people and get into trouble quite simply because they are bored.
Reading and Use of Engtish page 70
t 1D 2A 3E 48 5E 6B 7C 8A 9C 10D Vocabutary page 72 t a arrested, shoplifting b burglary, burgled
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c speeding, drink-driving d hooligans e mugger f vandalism 2 a committing, arrested, charged b court, bail, trial, trial c jury, verdict, guilty, guilty d jud§e, probation, committed, sentence, death penalty
3 a fill it up b tore the letter up c wrapped up d drink up e tidy it up f Eat up g clear up Reading and Use of English page 73
L L household 2 disposable 3 financial 4 equipment
5 achievement 6 possession(s) 7 unwanted 8 functional
Writing page 73 7 a Both older people b
c 92
and many young people are scared to go into the town centre at night. As the bars and clubs are open until late, some people end up drinking too much. As well as becoming argumentative, some people get into fights.
d
e f
ln addition to increasing the number of police officers on the street, more CCTV cameras should be installed and linked directly to the police station. Buses should run throuShout the night so that people wouldn't have to walk home. Not only would these improvements make our town a safer place to be at night but also a more pleasant place to be (at night).
Grammar
page
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Vocabutary page 75 7 a sot away with d e
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