Fire Fighting 2015

Fire fighting course in QEC (Quality for Engineering consulting) consulting)

Prepared by \ eng.hosam eldin samir

[email protected]

Under supervision of\ eng. Mahmoud Abdelaty ; ; senior Electromechanical Engineer 01226663413

............................................... Course contents 1- Fire science : 1-1 Fire safety… 1-2 Fire alarm… 1-3 Fire fighting…

2- Fire fighting systems: 2-1 water suppression system … 2-1-1 sprinkler system; A) Types of sprinklers B) Zone station C) Sprinkler system design (no. of sprinkler, location, net work) D) Special sprinkler systems :( dry, pre action, deluge)

2-1-2 cabinet systems: (class: I, II, III); 2-1-3 hydrant system; 2-1-4 Siamese connection;

2-2 gaseous suppression system… 2-2-1 Weight of gas cylinder; 2-2-2 sequence of operation;

2-3 fire extinguisher… 2-3-1 class; 2-3-2 material; 2-3-3

Note that:

design;

All tables which

3- Fire fighting tank 4- Fire fighting pumps )1(

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needed, putted on the

5- fire fittings

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final pages



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1- Fire science : 1-1 Fire safety

1-2 Fire alarm -

* The Fire Triangle:

: -

fire rated wall

1-3 Fire fighting

Three things must be present at the same time to produce fire:

“inputs” controller 1. Enough OXYGEN OXYGEN to to sustain - fire , smoke, sensors combustion temperature output 2. Enough HEAT to reach ignition temperature : - - types of sensors: 3. Some FUEL or combustible 30 min, 60min, 120min - smoke, heat , multi material - detector Together, they : - produce the CHEMICAL “escape staircase” FACP REACTION that is fire “Fire Alarm Control Panel”

Take away any of these things and the fire will be extinguished

NFPA: National Fire Protection Association

!!

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1- Fire science : 1-1 Fire safety

1-2 Fire alarm -

* The Fire Triangle:

: -

fire rated wall

1-3 Fire fighting

Three things must be present at the same time to produce fire:

“inputs” controller 1. Enough OXYGEN OXYGEN to to sustain - fire , smoke, sensors combustion temperature output 2. Enough HEAT to reach ignition temperature : - - types of sensors: 3. Some FUEL or combustible 30 min, 60min, 120min - smoke, heat , multi material - detector Together, they : - produce the CHEMICAL “escape staircase” FACP REACTION that is fire “Fire Alarm Control Panel”

Take away any of these things and the fire will be extinguished

NFPA: National Fire Protection Association

!!

)2(

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2- Fire fighting systems:

2-1 water suppression system: 2-1-1 sprinkler system: 2-1-1-a) Types of sprinklers: Firstly: “According to concept of work”

1- Glass bulb type

2- Fusible link type -

-

: -

glass bulb sprinkler body mercury

fusible link

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Deflector :

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Fire fighting course in QEC (Quality for Engineering consulting)


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Under supervision of\ eng. Mahmoud Abdelaty ; senior Electromechanical Engineer 01226663413

Secondly: “According to direction of flow ”

1- Pendent

2- Upright

3- side wall

-direction of flow is up word - fall ceiling not found

-direction of flow down word - fall ceiling is found

" "

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-direction of flow is linear pendent & upright

"

:

- fall ceiling is found:

"

When ceiling void >= 90 cm

"

"

Pendent, upright, side wall

"

90 =>

pendent, upright

side wall

:

-

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2-1-1-b) Zone control station: “ZCS” ZCS

ZCS

Main line ZCS

Discharge line

cross main ZCS

Suction line

branches ZCS

Riser

FF tank

Pump

. * Zone

*

control station: “ZCS” consists of the following components:

1) OS&Y gate valve: “outside screw & yoke” ……. (Normally open)

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2) temperature switch: OS&Y gate valve

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

3) Flow switch: fire

"

switch

"

switch

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

4) Check valve: “none return valve”

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5) Pressure gauge: “0.5: 12.1 bar”

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

6) Pressure reducing valve: “PRV” “Where required”

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

7) Test & drain valve: “ normally closed” test

flushing

* must be the lowest point in the net work :

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Zone control station: “ZCS” 

N Test & drain

m a e B

ZCS

External additional flushing connection

* must be the lowest point in the net work

.. : ... )8(

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2-1-1-C) Sprinkler system design: a) No. of sprinkler & its location Steps: 1- Determine the space hazard; “depend on space occupants”

:

NFPA

1- Light hazard

2- Ordinary hazard

3- extra hazard

2- From NFPA tables ; according to hazard We get four important notes which used in our design: a) Maximum spacing between two sprinkler equal to (4.6 m) b) Minimum spacing between two sprinkler equal to (1.8 m) c) Maximum spacing between sprinkler & wall equal to (half of the space between two sprinkler = (4.6\ 2) = (2.3 m) d) Minimum spacing between sprinkler & wall equal to (4” = 10.2cm = 102mm)

3- Making distribution for sprinkler:

A) (length \ 4.6) = B) (width \ 4.6) = C) x, 2x ; y, 2y : 

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:

:

) m 5 * m 10 (

10

5

A) (length \ 4.6) = (10 \ 4.6) = 2.2

=3



)3(

:D

width

B) (width \ 4.6) = (5 \ 4.6) = 1.1 

)10(

"

=2 )2(

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:

C) x, 2x ; y, 2y : :

sprinkler 2X

-:

X Y

X

2X

2X

X

Y

2Y

Y

10 = X

*

X = 1.6 m

6X = 10

5=Y Y = 1.25m

*

4Y = 5

:

a) Maximum spacing between two sprinkler equal to (4.6 m) b) Minimum spacing between two sprinkler equal to (1.8 m) c) Maximum spacing between sprinkler & wall equal to (half of the space between two sprinkler = (4.6\ 2) = (2.3 m) d) Minimum spacing between sprinkler & wall equal to (4” = 10.2cm =

102mm)

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: -:



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a) No. of sprinkler & its location b) Net work sizing: Steps:

1- Rooting: ( simple, symmetrical)

2- Sizing: We get the sizing from pipe schedules which depend on (hazard, no. of sprinkler) Locke @ table (22.5.2.2.1 light hazard pipe schedule) , (22.5.3.4 ordinary hazard pipe schedule) , (A.22.5.4 extra hazard pipe schedule ) page “66” in this file.

*

: 22.5.2.2.1 Light hazard pipe schedule Pipe sizing 1” 1.25”

No. of sprinkler 1, 2 3, 4

.

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net work sizing :

light

Design net work :

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sizing

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side wall sprinkler

:

Firstly lock @ table 8.7.2.2.1 page 67 for standard side wall sprinkler Where: S

4.25 =

L

3.75 =

:

Secondly lock @ table 8.9.2.2.1 page 67 for extended coverage side wall sprinkler Where: 8.5 :

S

"

L

"

4.25 => 3.75 =

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8.5

( .

8.5

) )15(

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S

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2-1-1-D) Special sprinkler systems: 1- Wet pipe system

2- Dry pipe system

- Zone station valve is normally open. - Normal condition: 0: 74 C; 1 bar.

- Zone station valve is normally open but after it we put “ clapper arm” to prevent the water from crossing. : clapper arm

- Single acting system

(

-

zone station

) .

-

fire

-

compressed water

compressed air

clapper arm


:

: .

.

:

:

:

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:

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3- Pre action system

4- Deluge system

- Zone station valve is normally closed. - Zone station valve is normally closed.

-

SPK

.

zone valve SPK

)

- double acting system


Nozzle : 1- Single knock: 2- Double knock:

) SD

(

HD



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SPK



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2-1-2 cabinet systems: (class: I, II, III); - Manual - Inside the building

:

1- Class I

2- Class II

- it called civil defense cabinet

- normal users

3- Class III - fire hose station -

- D = 2.5 inch

- D = 1 inch or 1.5 inch

- design condition: * 250 GPM * Mini. Pressure 6.9 bar * Max. pressure 12.1 bar note that: - When P>12.1 bar; pressure reducing valve must used “PRV”.

- design condition: * 100 GPM * Mini. Pressure 4.5 bar * Max. pressure 6.9 bar note that: - When P>6.9 bar; pressure reducing valve must used “PRV”.

: : .

.

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- D = 1 inch and 2.5 inch - design condition: * 250 GPM * Mini. Pressure 6.9 bar * Max. pressure 12.1 bar -note that: - For 1” connection; pressure reducing valve must used “PRV”. - For 2.5” connection; some levels must have “PRV” when P>12.1 bar.



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- Design of cabinet system: 1- Travel distance: * Standard length reel “

“= 30 meter

Note that: - 30 meter is a travel distance not across distance. - Projector which composed on the reel spewing water through 6 m eter

2- Guide location: “

“

- Escape stair case - Escape corridor - @ car park in ‘main inlet, main exit’

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

-:

-

- Poly line: reel - List properties ‘L I’ enter:

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2-1-2_ hydrant system: - Infra net work - Street fire hydrant 30

hydrant

.

50 hydrant 2

- Location of hydrant: exposed

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2-1-3 Siamese connection; ZCS

ZCS

Main line ZCS

Discharge line

cross main ZCS

Suction line

branches ZCS

N

FF tank

Pump

Check valve

"

:

.

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- Siamese connection:* supply the system with water. * connected on the pump discharge. * check valve must be used with it;

.

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Siamese connection

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2.5 inch

dry pipe

Siamese

:

discharge

- Location of Siamese connection: - exposed location - note that; minimum 1 Siamese connection for the project. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< : .

:

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Deluge system

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3- Fire fighting tank design 3-1 tank capacity “volume”:

Volume = pump flow in GPM * required storage time in minute Where:

- Pump flow

in GPM “calculated”

- required storage time hazard

in minute “depend on hazard”

Light

required storage time in minute

30: 60 min

ordinary 60: 90 min

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

3-2 tank connections & construction: Important notes: a) Same tank “ fire fighting & plumbing” b) Divide the tank in to t wo “2” equal partition.

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extra 90: 120 min



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- Puddle flinch: -

puddle flinch

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Connection on tank 1234567-

diameter Fire fighting

Fire fighting suction pipe Fire fighting test line Filling lines Over flow line Drain line Domestic suction pipe Vent pipe

)25(

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height 25: 30 cm

Fire fighting plumbing plumbing plumbing plumbing plumbing

cm "10 :5" + Inside depression Fire fighting storage hff = vff \ Atank over flow

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Vent pipe:

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, - To avoid cavitations: 1- anti vortex plate 2D where D is suction pipe diameter. 2- The distance between anti vortex plate & depression = 6 inch= 150mm= 15cm.

- Other benefits of this distance are; turbulence

- Trench drain:

: - Drainer pipe - Over flow line - Pump room water plumbing

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, air bubbles



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4- Fire fighting pumps 4-1 Fire fighting pumps: 1- Electrical pump

2- Stand by pump a) Diesel

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b) electrical with generator

It work when: - Failure in elect. pump - elect. Pump not enough for the system demand.

stand by

3- Jockey pump

elect. jockey control panel

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NFPA

-

pressure main pump

-



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4-2 hydraulic calculation: .

jockey

stand by

-

elect.

: 1- cabinet system only

a) Class II

2- sprinkler system only

3- combined system

b) Class I,III

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4-2-1 cabinet system only:

a) Class II; 100 GPM; 4.5 bar: 6.9 bar

- flow calculation: class II

100 GPM

-

- Head calculation:

Hp = Hst + Hres + Hf Where: - Hp

pump head

- Hst

static head

bar

–

10

- Hres

residual head bar 4.5 = )29(

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- Hf

friction head -

hazen-williams formula

Pl = hf= (4.52 * .) \ (. * . ) Where: -Q

the flow in GPM = 100

-C

friction loss coefficient = 120; from table 22.4.4.7 hazen-williams C values page 67

-D

diameter of the pipe; from table 5-7 pipe schedule page 68 distance of pipe in inch

GPM

inch 1 class II

D

-

-

inch 4

,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Ex:

1’’

4’’, 100 GPM

FF tank

Pump

2’’

2.5’’

2.5’’

25 ft

25 ft

25 ft

25 ft

100 GPM

100 GPM

100 GPM

100 GPM

68

5-7 *

2.5’’

sizing

.D

GPM D

inch 1 class I )30(

"

inch 4 " [email protected]

- - -



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: "

-

sections diameter

"

flow

5 4

1’’

1

2

3

4’’, 100 GPM

FF tank

Pump

2’’

2.5’’

2.5’’

25 ft

25 ft

25 ft

25 ft

100 GPM

100 GPM

100 GPM

100 GPM

: sr 1 2 3 4 5

section 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5

2.5’’

-

GPM D 2’’ 100 100 2.5’’ 4’’ 100 1’’ 100

hf

Lpipe

Leq

Ltotal

Hf

Where: From

Pl = hf= (4.52 * .) \ (. * . )

Lpipe + Leq

hf * Ltotal

Table 6.4.3.1 page 68

Hf

1.1

head )31(

Hp "

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Hf

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b) Class I ,III; 2.5” , 1” , 2.5”

250 GPM; 6.9 bar: 12.1 bar

- flow calculation: 500 GPM =

2

Flow

-

class III,I

-

250 GPM GPM 1250 Pump

Flow

.

 1500

1250

-

Riser 5 .

X

250 GPM

250 GPM

FF tank

Pump

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1250 GPM

1250GPM

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1000 GPM

750 GPM

500 GPM



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- Head calculation:


pump head

- Hst

static head

bar

–

10

- Hres

residual head bar 6.9 =

- Hf

friction head -

hazen-williams formula

Pl = hf= (4.52 * .) \ (. * . ) Where: -Q

the flow in GPM

-C

friction loss coefficient = 120; from table 22.4.4.7 hazen-williams C values page 67

-D

diameter of the pipe; from table 5-7 pipe schedule page 68 distance of pipe in inch

GPM

D

inch 2.5 class I,III

-

inch 4

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

_ _

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Ex:

2.5’’ 250 GPM 250 GPM

4’’, 500 GPM 250 GPM

6’’

FF tank Pump

25 ft 1250 GPM

68

250 GPM

6’’

5’’

4”

25 ft

25 ft

25 ft

1000 GPM

750 GPM

5-7 *

250 GPM

500 GPM

-

sizing

.D

GPM

-

D inch 2.5 class I,III

: "

-

inch 4

-

sections diameter

"

flow 4

Ex:

7

6

2.5’’

5

3

250 GPM

2

250 GPM

4’’, 500 GPM 250 GPM

6’’

FF tank Pump

25 ft 1250 GPM

)34(

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250 GPM

250 GPM

6’’

5’’

4”

25 ft

25 ft

25 ft

1000 GPM

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750 GPM

500 GPM



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: sr 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

section 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7

GPM 1250 1000 750 500 250 250

D 6’’ 6’’ 5’’ 4’’ 4” 2.5”

hf

Lpipe

Leq

Ltotal

Hf

Where: From

Pl = hf= (4.52 * Q ^1.85) \ (C^1.85 * D^4.86)

Lpipe + Leq

hf * Ltotal


Hf

1.1

head

Hp

: …

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Hf

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4-2-2 Sprinkler system only:

Steps: 1- Most demand area: " NFPA

"

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demand

Hazard

Most demand Area

2 , 1500 ft 2 2 2 139  , 1500 ft 232 2 , 2500 ft 2

Light Hazard Ordinary Hazard Extra Hazard

139

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

2- Sprinkler density: NFPA

demand

Sprinkler density GPM\  2

Hazard Light Hazard Ordinary Hazard Extra Hazard

0.1 0.15: 0.2 0.3 : 0.4 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

3- K factor; flow & pressure:

Q = K √ 5.65 = KSP

FM UL Factory

-

Under writer laboratories uniform listed

mutual :D

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Ex: Required:

- make a complete design for the fire fighting pump which serves a building; the most demand area is as shown. Note that; the hazard is ordinary hazard. NFPA

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Where:

-

Sp1 , qsp1 , psp1 :

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

:

Pl1

X

-

losses

Most demand area

139

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Steps of the solution: a) Location of most demand area b) c) “ Most remote sprinkler” ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

1- most demand area = 1500  2 “ordinary hazard” 2- from NFPA Chart  = 0.15 GPM\  2 3- Discharge of the most remote sprinkler:

 1 =  1 *  Where:

 1

Protection Area Limitations per Sprinkler

Hazard Light Hazard Ordinary Hazard Extra Hazard

Protection Area Limitations per Sprinkler Distance between sprinkler (m) Area (  ) 4.6 200 4.6 130 3.7 100



0.15 =

 1 = 130 * 0.15 = 19.5 GPM = 1 )38(

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4- Calculate the pressure @ the most remote sprinkler:

1 = K   Where

1 K

sprinkler K factor 5.65

 ∴

19.5 = 5.65

 

∴  1 = 11.9 Note that: - The minimum residual pressure for any sprinkler is 7 psi = 0.5 bar.

5- Calculate the friction losses per unit of pipe from the most remote sprinkler to the adjacent sprinkler by using hazenwilliam formula.

=

4.52 ∗ Q 1.85 C 1.85 ∗ D 4.87 Where:

 

Frictional losses per unit feet psi\ feet Coefficient of friction for the pipe material = 120 black steel

 

Diameter on “inch” from table. Flow on “GPM” Apply this formula for )39(

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



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Under supervision of\ eng. Mahmoud Abdelaty ; senior Electromechanical Engineer 01226663413 . . .

∴  

=

  ∗   . ∗ .

 

=

6- Multiply friction losses per feet (

pl1

feet )* total length (Pipe length + eq. length)

∴  =  

*

 =

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 7- Calculate the residual pressure on adjacent sp2

 =  1 + 1 = 13.5 psi ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8- Calculate the discharge @ this adjacent remote sprinkler

 2 = k   ∴  2 = 5.65 √ 13.5 = 20.7 psi ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 9- Calculate the discharge in this pipe section

2 = 1 +  2 ∴ 2 = 40.2 GPM ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 10-

3

9 8 7 6 5

:

2 \\  3 = (  2 +2 ) \\  3 \\ 3 )40(

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11-

9 8 7 6 5

4

:

3 \\  4 = (  3 +3 ) \\  4 \\ 4 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, demand area

-

branch

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

Note that:

Sp5 will be ignored in the calculation as it isn’t included in the most demand area

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

4

12-

=

4.52 ∗ Q 4 1.85 C 1.85 ∗ D 4.87

 Multiply friction losses per feet ( 

)* total length (Pipe length + eq. length)

∴  =  

 =

*

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, SPK

X

- 13

 = 4 +   = 4 = 3 +  4 4

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14-

Calculate K factor for the pipe

 K= √   ∴  =    ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

5

15-

=

4.52 ∗ Q 4 1.85 C 1.85 ∗ D 4.87

spk

 Multiply friction losses per feet ( 


∴  =  

*

 =

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

py = px + pl5

16-

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 17-

5 =    ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

18-

6 = 5 + 4 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

6

19-

)42(

"

=

4.52 ∗ Q 6 1.85 C 1.85 ∗ D 4.87

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 Multiply friction losses per feet ( 


∴  =  

*

 =

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

pz = py + 6

20-

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 21-

7 =    ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

22-

8 = 7 + 6 :

8

)43(

Pump flow ## 

"

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- Head calculation:


pump head

- Hst

static head bar

- Hres

–

10

residual head pz = demand area

- Hf

friction head

Hf

-1

demand area

"

diameter

" section

flow

-2

= 4 in : sr 1 2

section

GPM

D

hf

Lpipe

Leq

Ltotal

Hf

Where: From

Pl = hf= (4.52 * Q ^1.85) \ (C^1.85 * D^4.86)

Lpipe + Leq

hf * Ltotal


Hf

head )44(

"

1.1

Hp " [email protected]

Hf

-



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4-2-3 combined system:

Steps: A) Calculate the flow for cabinet system only. B) Add for this flow : 1- Light hazard

2- Ordinary hazard -

GPM 150

GPM 500

3- Extra hazard -

-

C) Head calculation: - calculate head for cabinet - calculate head for sprinkler *** take the larger cabinet

Riser

= 6 in combined system

.

)45(

head

"

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% 75

-

-



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4-3 jockey pump calculation:

Head  =  + 1 bar stand by elect.

> jockey

Flowjockey = 5:20 GPM

Flowjockey = 1% system flow ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

 ∗   Hp = 3960 ∗ ɳ Horse power

0 .65

)46(

"

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∴



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4-4 pumps hock up: 1- Two(2) isolating valve “OS&Y gate valve with tamper switch” ; jockey not need OS&Y 2- Check valve 3- Pressure gage 4- Flow meter 5- Eccentric reducer 6- Automatic air vent “AAV” 7- Two(2) flexible connection to prevent vibration 8- Floating floor “spring cap, rubber pad” 9- Flow switch ; jockey not need it (6)

N

Pump

(1)

(8)

)47(

(7)

"

(3)

(2) (9)

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(4)

(1)



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For site engineer 5- Fire fighting fittings

5-1 Material takes off 1- Deign package

2- Construction

Design drawing BOQ “pumps, pipes , spk, co2 or fm200 system, cabinet” Specs “specification”

Cost estimation Requesting order

Pipes “fittings, hangar”

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

5-2 Fittings: 123-

threaded fittings weld fittings grooved fittings

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

 )48(

"

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5-2-3 Grooved fittings: :

-

5-2-3-1 end grooved fittings (Elbow, Tee, Reducer)

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 5-2-3-2 coupling :

a) rigid coupling b) flexible

"

"

rigid

flexible

coupling

% 10 ≅

**

coupling

-

reducer coupling

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

5-2-3-3 mechanical Tee :

a) one branch configuration (grooved or threaded

)

b) cross branch (2grooved or 2threaded or grooved threaded)

)49(

"

" [email protected]



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)50(

"

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Ex: fittings

:

)51(

"

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: 1- grooved Tee 4” * 2.5” * 4” 2- two(2) rigid coupling 4” 3- one(1) rigid coupling 2.5” 4- grooved elbow 2.5” 5- two(2) rigid coupling (RC) 2.5”

reducer

1- grooved Tee 4” * 3” * 4” 2- reducer 4” * 2.5” 3- one(1) rigid coupling 2.5” 4- one(1) rigid coupling 4” 5- one(1) rigid coupling 3” 6- grooved elbow 3” 7- two(2) rigid coupling (RC) 3” Note that: mechanical Tee NFPA

main )52(

"

mechanical Tee " [email protected]



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:

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

RN: riser nipple

10 = ~

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

)53(

"

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)54(

"

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Ex:

mechanical Tee  fittings

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Note that:

* Pipe schedule:

"4

4” sch 40 40

**

Schedule

pipe thickness

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ** groove a) roll groove

b) cut groove ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, *** Diameters:

Pipe diameter

)55(

thickness

"

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stress



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∴ Fittings: 1- Threaded 2- Weld 3- Grooved Grooved ( (roll roll groove or groove or cut cut groove) groove) ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

From NFPA for fittings we get: 1- Threaded & cut groove

2- Weld & roll groove

Sch40

"8 < D

-

Sch30

"8 > D

-

Sch10 NFPA

"5 ≤ D "5 > D

-



For pipes: 1” , 114 " , 112 " , 2” threaded sch40 For pipes: 212 ” weld roll groove sch10

)56(

"

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

2-2 Fire extinguishers “fire ext.” 2-2-1 Type of fire ext. “Class of fire” 2-2-2 Location of fire ext. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2-2-1 Type of fire ext. “Class of fire”

Class A

Class B

Surface fire : Wood paper clothes

Class C

Fire in combustible material in liquid material

Class D

Fire in Fire in energized elect combustible Equipment material in solid state

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2-2-2 Location of fire ext.

* Travel distance ** Guide location: - escape stair case - escape corridor

)57(

"

" [email protected]

30 m

Class K Fire in cooking media



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*

electro galvanized sheet :

Hot deep galvanized

Electro static "

"

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ** Type of fire ext. according to its shape:

Portable "

wheeled

automatic “matic”

" )58(

"

"

Matic [email protected]

Sprinkle



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How t o U Use a a F F i ir E x t r e E ti i n gui sher It’s easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if you remember the acronym PASS:    

Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep Aim

‼

)59(

"

" [email protected]



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2-3 Gaseous system: General note: 1- Gaseous system; Special system in case water system no applicable. Such as:

“Electrical room, severe room, IT room”

Banks “document rooms,

“

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 2- Concept:

2

Inert gas “

2 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 3- design: a) Weight of required gas. “not volume”  b) Sequence of operation. ………………………..

A) Weight of required gas. “not volume”  It depends on: - Volume of space - Temperature of space - Type of fire

)60(

"

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, 200



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Steps: 1- Calculate the volume of the space. Volume = length * width * height

2-

W=v*f

Where: W

required gas weight ( kg

V

volume of space

F

or lb )

( 3 or

(

flooding factor

 3

 3

or

)

  3 )

It passed on: - Type of gas - Type of fire - Type of gas

By

table 1

c

, concentration factor

- Type of fire

C By

table 2 Temp. Of space “70 ℉ , 22 ℃

)61(

"

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F = 0.0341  



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Table 1:

Table 2:

)62(

"

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b) Sequence of operation:

1- Detectors sends signal to FACP 2- Signal from FACP to motor in solenoid:a) Gives signal to output to alarm (fire strop) ) non manual stopping .b

manual stopping (

non manual stopping

b) Sends signal to close the door holder magnetic door

c) Sends signal to compressor d) Sends signal to solenoid valve to start releasing the gas.

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, * Standard weight for

2

is 45 kg

** For Fm200 no standard )63(

"

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weight Plumbing Works Calculations

)64(

"

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)65(

"

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)66(

"

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)67(

"

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Fire Fighting 2015

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