CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter presents the background of the study, problem and its significance, and the scope and limitation of the study.
Introduction
People nowadays live in a highly sophisticated world where everything is almost achievable. There would have been no changes between the world of today and that of three centuries ago if necessity and serendipitous discoveries have not driven men to achieve great things. For a long time, we pride ourselves on the fact that we’re smarter than our ancestors. Sure, they made fire and wheel and invented language, or whatever, but we brought technology. Turns out a lot of our most technologically sophisticated inventions were already invented which does nothing but remind us how useless we are. Science and Technology have had huge positive effects on every society. The world today has gone digital, even human thought. Some of the biggest effects of technology are in the field of communication, through mobile phones and internet. There is also an advance in medical care. And in Education, technology helps us to improve in school using computers and other gadgets that help to improve the student learning ability. And most of all, Technology helps us to improve the quality of life by doing many tasks so that we can spend more time on the things that matter on us. By 2050, the world’s population will increase from 7.1 billion to 9.6 billion according to the United Nations. And 50% more energy must be produced to meet this demand, as every
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person on earth consumes energy. So in the future, civilization will be forced to research and develop alternative energy resources. Our current rate of fossil fuel will lead to an energy crisis this century. In order to survive the energy crisis, many companies in the energy industry will invent new ways to extract energy from renewable resources. In this reason, researchers come up with an idea to develop a unique alternative energy resource that will help our people to survive partially in this energy crisis in the future. Electric Box or ―Poxus Electrum‖ is a design made by a dynamo using a mechanical energy, which is electricity generated by the muscle power of the user, so it does not need replacement of batteries, or recharging from an electrical source. Poxus Electrum is a design needed in times of emergency. An alternative cellphone charger, that is available anytime, anywhere. Many would be benefactors of this device. People in the country who doesn’t feel the luxury of electricity would benefit to this. (http://www.prb.org/Publications/Reports/2014/population-development-guide.aspx)
Background of the Study
Most cell phone users in the Philippines not only carry their mobile phones with them 24/7. They have also used their mobile phones to exchange SMS messages more frequently than any other people on earth. This craze began to be huge in the Philippines in the late 1990s following the demise of the pagers and alongside the emergence of electronic mails, online chatting and other more modern means of communication. Filipinos are so creative that sending
2
text messages that they use to form arts in it that makes texting and the use of cell phone more enthusiastic in the country. ―Texting Capital of the world‖ The Philippines takes pride the way the world acknowledged them as text messaging capital of the world in the past years. No wonder since October 2013, the Philippines has the total population of 94,013,200 and 106,987,098 mobile phone was in use. A single person could own two or more mobile phones in the country. With these users, they sent over 1.39 billion texts in the reference year of 2009. A single PH subscriber sends an average of 600 text messages per month. That makes Philippines send 43% more than SMS users of the US. This is indeed the Cell phones, mobile phones, even smart phones and tablets are very energy efficient because they are designed to run on a battery for a long period of time. Cell Phones use approximately 2 to 6 watts when charging, while a charger left plugged in without a phone will consume 0.1 to 0.5 of a watt. A country with 94,013,200 mobile phones, charges their phones on average o f 3 hours a day. Each phone could consume an average of 5 watts when charging. When 106,987,098 mobile phone is charge would consume a total of 534,935,490 watts. In 9 pesos per kilowatt hour it would cost 14,443,258 pesos a day just in charging mobile phones. It is indeed a huge amount of electricity to be use in order for the consumers to use their phones. (http://cbanga360.net/2011/01/ph-losing-grip-as-text-messaging-capital-of-the-world/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_mobile_phones_in_use http://jatps.hubpages.com/hub/The-Philippines-is-Still-the-Undisputed-Text-Capital-ofthe-World)
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(http://energyusecalculator.com/electricity_cellphone.htm) Energy Secretary Carlos Jericho Petilla said ―Unless the government takes bold steps to address the power crisis, the shortage in electricity that has triggered rotating brownouts in Luzon will continue until next year‖. Energy crisis in the Philippines is not a myth. This is what Secretary Petilla keeps on telling. Petilla projected that Luzon will face a power shortfall between 400 megawatts and 500 megawatts (MW) by summer next year because of the scheduled maintenance of various power plants. (http://www.manilatimes.net/power-crisis-may-extend-until-2015-petilla/113495/) Since electricity is essential in the way of living of every Filipinos, having crisis on it could affect lives so dearly. Hospitals need electricity to do their jobs; BPO companies, which are the leading industry in the county, could collapse without electricity; the day to day business would take so much damage on their part that would led to lost of income and for an average Filipino who is use to the comfort of having his television, electric fan and other appliances will definitely be devastated. The country is in the brink of a disaster when electricity comes to be limited. This is the problem the researchers have in mind. The researchers believe in transforming mechanical energy into electric energy as the law of conservation of energy stated. Making a box that is capable of this would lessen the consumption of electricity in a small way.
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Considering the numbers of wattage that is being consume of the cell phones here in the Philippines and having a portable charger using mechanical energy instead of commercial electricity could help us in solve the problem of energy crisis in the country. This box is called Poxus Electrum. It has the capability of charging cell phone, mobile phone, smart phone and even tablet without the use of commercial electricity. By rotating the crankshaft of this box the mechanical energy is being transformed into electrical by the use of dynamo. The researcher is trying to prove the effectiveness of Poxus Electrum as an alternative way of producing electric current.
Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
According to Electricity Company Reviews websites; we live in a world where the most advanced and efficient gadgets and appliances are manufactured to make our busy lives comfortable and easy. Many times we ignore and avoid our responsibility as individuals to utilize electricity efficiently to rightly use these technologies. Knowingly or unknowingly we forget our responsibilities towards conserving electricity without which we are completely handicapped. It is true indeed. ―Power is the biggest problem we have right now, both in terms of supply and price,‖ said Dong Joo Kim, chief finance officer at Phoenix Semiconductor Philippines Corp., a Korean firm that manufactures components for Samsung in the Ph ilippines.
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At a cost of more than 22 U.S. cents per kilowatt hour for residential supply, according to 2011 figures from USAID, the Philippines charges some of the highest prices in Southeast Asia for power that is among the regions’ patchiest. That’s partly due to the lack of government funding – the Philippines is the only country in Southeast Asia that does not subsidize electricity companies, either through direct payments or fuel discounts. Generating capacity is also relatively low – roughly on a par with Indonesia and Vietnam on a per capita basis but much lower than Malaysia and Thailand. There are some alternative ways of solving this problem. One example is converting mechanical energy into an electrical on. According to the theory of Conservation of energy; an object that possesses mechanical energy is able to do work. In fact, mechanical energy is often defined as the ability to do work. Any object that possesses mechanical energy - whether it is in the form of potential energy or kinetic energy - is able to do work. That is, its mechanical energy enables that object to apply a force to another object in order to cause it to be displaced. It is possible to convert this energy into electricity with a generator. A generator is what turns mechanical energy into electrical. A generator consists of a magnet moving past a conductor. In a typical industrial setting, the shaft from the turbine is also connected to a generator. This shaft, spinning from the work of the turbine, causes a large electromagnet (called the rotor) attached to it to spin inside a large collection of conductors (called the stator). Electrical energy is produced and sent to a waiting world. It is important to note that a generator is just an electric motor where you spin it to produce electricity, rather than electricity producing rotation. 6
Nowadays, some equipment uses human power. It may directly use mechanical power from muscles, or a generator may convert energy generated by the body into electrical power. Human-powered equipment describes electrical appliances which can be powered by electricity generated by human muscle power as an alternative to conventional sources of electricity such as primary batteries and the power grid. Such devices contain electrical generators or an induction system to recharge their batteries. Separate crank-operated generators are now available to recharge battery-powered portable electronic devices such as cell phones. Others, such as mechanically powered flashlights, have the generator integrated within the device itself. An alternative to rechargeable batteries for electricity storage is super capacitors, now being used in some devices such as the mechanically powered flashlight shown here. Devices that store the energy mechanically, rather than electrically, include Clockwork radios with a mainspring which is wound up by a crank and turns a generator to power the radio. Working with these ideas, it would be possible to create a box capable of giving electricity for with the use of human effort or mechanica l energy.
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Frame 1
Modern Technology
Electricity
Electric Problem in the Philippines
BETTER LIFE
Areas without Electricity
High Energy Cost
Rotational Brownout
Alternative Solution
Puxos Electrum
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Statement of the problem
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Poxus Electrum as alternative form of cell phone charger; it seeks to determine the following questions: 1. What is the effectivity of Poxus Electrum in terms of: A. Charging Duration of Poxus Electrum B. How many cell phones will be charged according to rating capacity and mobile phone unit C. Charging Duration of mobile phone to reach the full charge percent in charging
Hypothesis
1. It is effective to use Poxus Electrum as an alternative form of cell phone charger. 2. It is not effective to use Poxus Electrum as an alternative form of cell phone charger.
Significance of the Study
This study is beneficial to Rural Communities or Remote Area in the Philippines, Mother Earth, Researchers and Future Researchers. This study help to our valued countrymen for the needs in electricity and through this we can create an alternative way to subdue the power inflation in our country, especially to the rural community or remote area in the Philippines. This poxus electrum builds in order to provide a
9
cheapest or non-costly form of electricity for the benefits of others. It is an innovative thought to supply the interest of the community. This study would help to save our mother Earth, Through the use of this Poxus Electrum we can conserve energy consumption because power plants don’t need to make as much electricity and that means less climate warming pollution from the fossil fuels used to generate it. So not only you will lower your utility bills but you can also help to save our Mother Earth. The Researchers would be able to benefit from this study as the completion of this research would qualify them to graduate from his/her bachelor degree of secondary education major in physical science. To the future Researchers. The methodology and the literature as well as the studies used in this research can provide the much needed information and data, should they conduct study of similar nature.
Scope and Limitation
The objective of the study is to produce an alternative source of electricity through mechanically form of energy using a dynamo as a generator and battery for power bank. The device produces an electric current of about 2800maH, and can charged phone batteries with an output of 5 volts. The study merely focuses on low current consumer devices such as mobile phones, tablets and other electrical gadgets.
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Definition of Terms:
For a better understanding of this study, the following terms used are operationally as follows: Electricity - is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric
charge. Poxus- Greek word of box Electum - amber-colored alloy of gold and silver used in ancient times. Dynamo - is an electrical generator that produces direct current with the use of a commutator. Power Bank - a device used to put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable battery by
forcing an electric current through it. Rural Community – is an area under developed and not civilized, based on geographical
conditions. Remote Area - is a place that is distant from any people or activities or buildings. Kilowatt - is a unit of electric power. Gadgets – often small mechanical or electronic device with practical use but often thought of as
novelty Voltage - is the rate at which energy, electricity or electromagnetic forces are drawn from a
source. Load - component in a circuit that converts electricity into light, heat, or mechanical motion.
Examples of loads are a light bulb, appliance, or machine. 11
Source - device that provides electrical power to a circuit. The source is the origin of electricity,
such as a power plant. Path - conductor that directs electricity in a circuit. The path is often copper wire. Current - flow of electricity, measured in amps. Control - component in a circuit that controls the flow of electricity. Ampere – base unit of electric current in the international System Unit . mAh – means milli Ampere hour, capacity of the Poxus Electrum is measured with mAh Resistor – a device that has electrical resistance and that is used in an electric circuit for
protection, operation, or current control. Capacitor – a device giving capacitance and usually consisting of conducting foils separated by
thin layers of dielectric. Diode – an electric device that has two electrodes or terminals and is used especially as a
rectifier. LED – a semiconductor diode that emits light when a voltage is applied to it and that is used
especially in electronic devices.
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CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter discusses the review of related literature and studies of both local and foreign. At the end of the chapter the relevance of the literature and studies to present study is explain.
Foreign Literature
Christopher A. Simon an associate professor of political science at the University of Nevada, Reno said in his book that as we experience a significant increase in the price of petroleum, energy experts caution us to the coming of a time when easily accessed petroleum will begin to decline. The United States is confronted with the challenge of meeting current energy demands in the face of a declining and unstable energy supply. Alternative Energy systematically explores the most viable alternative sources of energy, discussing the technical, political, economic, and social feasibility of each technology in understandable terms. In addition, his book discusses the history of energy policy, as well as current policy. Intended for courses in energy and public policy, as well as for those interested in developing energy-efficient plans for sustainable communities, Alternative Energy will help laypersons become active participants in making future energy choices for their communities. It includes an interactive model of alternative energy mix es and estimated prices.
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Foreign Studies
In Philip Kofi Adom studies entitled Electricity Consumption-Economic Growth Nexus: The Ghanaian Case, he research into the electricity-economic growth nexus has important implications for energy conservation measures and environmental policy. However, results from the energy-economic growth nexus have been mixed in the literature on Ghana. This poses serious problems for the country’s energy policy. Much research is thus, required to establish the direction of causality between energy and economic growth. Nonetheless, less evidence is available for Ghana. It is against this background that this study seeks to investigate the direction of causality between a type of energy, electricity, and economic growth to add to the existing argument in the literature. The Toda and Yomamoto Granger Causality test was used to carry out the test of causality between electricity consumption and economic growth from 1971 to 2008. The results obtained herein revealed that there exists a unidirectional causality running from economic growth to electricity consumption. Thus, data on Ghana supports the Growth-ledEnergy Hypothesis. The results imply that electricity conservation measures are a viable option for Ghana. (http://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/view/20)
Local Literature
As stated in the Philippines enacted Republic Act No. 9513, otherwise known as the Renewable Energy Act of 2008 (the RE Act), on 16 December 2008 as the country’s comprehensive legislation on RE development. The RE Act is an investor-friendly piece of legislation, as it improves previous policies and regulations and provides attractive incentives 14
relating to RE activities. It encourages robust growth in the Philippines’ RE sector through the use of both fiscal and non-fiscal incentives. In Chapter 1, Section 2 Declarations of Policies. - It is hereby declared the policy of the State to: (a) Accelerate the exploration and development of renewable energy resources such as, but not limited to, biomass, solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and ocean energy sources, including hybrid systems, to achieve energy self-reliance, through the adoption of sustainable energy development strategies to reduce the country's dependence on fossil fuels and thereby minimize the country's exposure to price fluctuations in the international markets, the effects of which spiral down to almost all sectors of the econom y; (b) Increase the utilization of renewable energy by institutionalizing the development of national and local capabilities in the use of renewable energy systems, and promoting its efficient and cost-effective commercial application by providing fiscal and non fiscal incentives; (c) Encourage the development and utilization of renewable energy resources as tools to effectively prevent or reduce harmful emissions and thereby balance the goals of economic growth and development with the protection of health and the environment; and (d) Establish the necessary infrastructure and mechanism to carry out the mandates specified in this Act and other existing laws. In the book of ON THE HORIZON — RENEWABLE ENERGY IN ASIA, prepared by Meritas Lawyers in Asia, they discuss the role does the government play in regulating the energy industry. The said that by virtue of the country’s constitutional mandate, RE resources may only
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be explored, developed, and utilized by private entities through, and pursuant to, RE service contracts entered into with the Philippine government. (http://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/on-the-horizon-renewable-energy-in-asi-39373/) The Electricity Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA), passed by the Philippine Congress
in 2001,
deregulates
generation
and
supply
of electricity. EPIRA includes
provisions that call for the restructuring of the electricity supply industry and the privatization of the
National
Power
Corporation. The restructuring scheme separates the different components of the power sector, namely, generation, transmission, distribution, and supply. On the other hand, the National Power Corporation involves the sale of the state-owned power firm’s generation and transmission assets to private investors. These two reforms encourage greater competition and attract more private-sector investments in the power industry. (http://www.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/R.A.-9136.pdf)
Local Studies
In the summer of 2012, Mindanao experienced a crippling power crisis which revealed the shoddy and fragmented state of energy infrastructure in the region as well as in the whole country. For weeks now, a lot of attention is once again drawn to the energy sector because of the precariously low power supply which is feared to put a brake on economic development. Businesses, for instance, have voiced concerns that the country’s energy situation may slow down and even stunt the country’s economic growth.
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A study conducted by Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) Senior Research Fellow Adoracion Navarro warns that the Mindanao power crisis may stage a comeback in this year ’s and next year ’s summer season given that there had been no additions to the base load capacity. The demand for power in Mindanao has continuously spiked through the years with rapid urbanization and increased industrialization. According to the Navarro’s study, consolidated forecasts for the electricity demand for the period of 2010-2019 show an annual average demand growth of 4.28 percent in Mindanao, which is higher than national rate of 3.63 percent in the same period. Citing 2012 data from the Department of Energy (DOE), the study notes that the Mindanao grid at present has 37.31 percent baseload generating capacity, a far cry from Luzon’s 63.94 percent and Visaya’s 71.88 percent. Mindanao’s generating capacity is also heavily dependent on hydropower which has become unreliable in the face of worsening deforestation of watersheds and siltation of river systems. Of the total 1,616 megawatts (MW) dependable generation capacity in Mindanao, 1, 038 MW come from hydropower plants such as the Agus and Pulangui plants. Mindanao’s peak demand could reach 1,428 MW this year and 1, 823 MW by 2019. The study explains that to meet peak demand and, at the same time, maintain security and reliability of the power grid, generation capacity must not only correspond to peak demand but also provide for other ancillary services. According to DOE, there should be a reserve margin of at least 21 percent of peak demand. The total generation capacity consequently should be 1,728 MW in 2013 and 2,206 MW in 2019.
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However, the dependable capacity in Mindanao is now only 1,616 MW. This means that the power system could run a reserve shortfall of 112 MW for this year — a clear sign that last year ’s power crisis may happen again. The study says that this gap can only be filled in 2015 when a new coal power plant in Sarangani would already have been built to supply additional 105 MW. (http://www. philstar.com/business/2013/02/28/913903/govt-warns-another-power-crisis) The project, ― Enabling Urban Poor Livelihood Policy Making: the Role of Energy Services‖ intends to provide pertinent data to determine the role of energy utilization in sustainable urban livelihoods, as well as form bases for making policies that address the gender, energy and urban poor issues by validating the following hypotheses: Clean and affordable energy services are important for good physical well being and productivity of household members; Social networks and relationships facilitate access to ene rgy services; Clean and affordable energy services are a key factor in sustainability of livelihoods by increasing viability of existing enterprises and enabling establishment of new ones; Energy sector reforms lead to improved access to clean an d affordable energy services by enterprises. The study was conducted in Manila and Marikina, two cities in Metro Manila. The research samples in both cities belong to the urban poor sectors of the two cities. Six districts were represented in Manila while two districts were involved in Marikina through the selected purposive sampling technique. A sample size of 1000 inclusive of households and 100 enterprises was used. The respondents constituted the father, the mother, or one of the matured children of the household, the basic unit.
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The research finding led to the notion that urban population is continuously increasing while economic strength of families is decreasing due to energy crisis. A surge in the increase of oil prices and oil products seemed to dictate the considerable increases in the price and consumption for electric and water as well as other basic commodities. The current condition is foreseen to lead to an increasing number of urban poor whose quality of life will depend on many factors including availability of cheap and efficient energy services. This bleak picture of rapidly deteriorating socio-economic conditions of the poor urban livelihoods necessitates a concerted effort among government, non-government organizations and the private sector to develop and implement energy related measures and alternatives to sustain acceptable socioeconomic programs for this specific group of people. This condition will contribute to the achievement of the country targets of the Mid-Term Philippine Development Plan and MDG towards poverty reduction. (http://www.utwente.nl/mb/cstm/research/summary/urbanenergy/)
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Chapter 3 Methodology
Procedures in Making Poxus Electrum
1. Prepare a research plan to construct poxus electrum. 2. Plan the schematic diagram and other materials needed to create a poxus electrum. 3. Prepare the materials prize quotation and estimate numerical value of its parts. 4. Use generator or dynamo (9V), recharge battery (9), capacitor (10UF), regulator (5V), resistor (4.7 ohms), LED and switch. 5. Connect all circuit connection. First connect positive terminal to positive terminal of rechargeable battery, then to positive terminal of capacitor then to the regulator and resistor, switch and finally to the end point of charger terminal. Surround with hard board to form box. 6.
Conduct product testing to test the accuracy of output voltage of poxus elctrum.
7. Use three diffrenet mobile phones with different battery storage capacity to test the charging duration. 8. Collect all the gathered data and information, prepare for presentation. -
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Schematic Diagram of Poxus Electrum
4.7Ω
9V 10 UF
10UF
10 UF
The mechanical motion of shaft dynamo creating an electric current calculated by revolution per minute (RPM). Transfer direct current to battery or power bank. Voltage flow to the capacitance to store the existing voltage that exist in the circuit and deliver to the regulator to regulate the accurate voltage needed to charge a cell phone battery.
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Statistical Treatment of Data
The researchers statistically analyzed the effectiveness of poxus electrum as an alternative form cell phone charger. Such treatments were statistically done to obtain accurate information relevant to the study.
Formula:
Where: RC = Real Capacity CR = Conversion Rate PbH = Phone battery Health PC = Phone Capacity
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CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter discusses the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data. Specifically, it answers the stated problem presented in chapter 1.
Table 1 The Total charge time of Poxus Electrum in Different Mobile Phone CP1
CP2
Poxus
(Cherry
(Cherry
Electrum
Mobile Spark
Mobile
TV)
Jelly)
1200 maH
CP3
CP4
(Huawei
(MyPhone
U8185-1)
A18i Duo)
1200 maH
1050 maH
1300 maH
3.7 V
3.7 V
3.7 V
3.7 V
0.75
0.75
0.95
0.80
Phone Capacity Rating 2800 maH Capacity Voltage
9V
Phone Battery Health
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Conversion 0.75
0.59
0.60
0.69
1.2
1
1.1
1.3
Rate The
Total
charge times 8.4
6.9 6
Charging 2hours Duration
(8
times
40%
and
charging
times
charging duration
duration)
8 (6 times and 90 % charging
times
charging duration
Duration)
Based on the data Poxus Electrum specified the real capacity is to 2800 maH (milli ampere per hour). But it regulates to 5 volts output. The charge duration ranges to 1: 30 – 2: 00 hours. In this method the charging duration that can supply to different mobile phones. Based on the table indicates that CP1 ( CHERRY MOBILE SPARK TV) have 1200maH, 3.7 volts, 0.7 phone battery health, 0.75 conversion rate equivalent to 1.2 total charge time and 8.4 charging duration; CP2 (CHERRY MOBILE JELLY) have 1200 maH, 3.7 volts, .75 phone battery health, .59 conversion rate equivalent to 1 total charge and 6 charging duration; CP3 ( HUAWEI) have 1050 maH, 3.7 volts, .60 conversion rate, 1.1 total charge time and 6.9 charging duration; CP4( My Phone A18i Duo) have 1300 maH, 3.7 volts, .8 phone battery health, .69 conversion rate equivalent to 1.3 total charge and 8 charging duration.
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Chapter 5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter discusses the summary of findings, conclusion, and recommendations derived from the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data covered from the previous chapter.
Summary of Findings
This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of poxus electrum as alternative form of cell phone charger. It is design to develop a simple device that converts mechanical energy into electrical form that is sufficient enough to charge mobile phones. 1. On the phone capacity of different mobile units
1.1 Cherry Mobile (Spark TV – 1200 maH, Jelly – 1200 maH) Huawei (U8185 – 1 – 1050 maH) My phone (A18iDuo – 1300 maH) 2. On the conversion rate of different mobile units
2.1 Spark TV – 0.11
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Jelly – 0.59 Huawei – 0.60 My Phone – 0.69 3. On the total charging time of different mobile units
3.1 Spark TV – 1.2 Jelly – 1 Huawei – 1.1 My Phone – 1.3 Conclusions:
From the result of the study, it is therefore concluded that: 1. Through the use of Poxus Electrum, we can subdue the power inflation in our country, especially in rural communities and remote areas in the Philippines. 2. Can support the advocacy of the Government to conserve energy. 3. Poxus electrum is an effective alternative form of cell phon e charger. Recommendations:
Based on the result of the study the following recommendations are hereby presented. 1. Instead of charging from an electrical resource use poxus electrum as an alternative form of charger. 2. Poxus electrum should be used in times of unpredictable loses of electrical resource. 26
3. You can use poxus electrum as a travel charger anytime, anywhere. 4. Poxus electrum can also be applicable to support other gadgets like Tablets, portable speaker and portable radios.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
(http://www.prb.org/Publications/Reports/2014/population-development-guide.aspx) (http://cbanga360.net/2011/01/ph-losing-grip-as-text-messaging-capital-of-the-world/) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_mobile_phones_in_use/) http://jatps.hubpages.com/hub/The-Philippines-is-Still-the-Undisputed-Text-Capital-ofthe-World) (http://energyusecalculator.com/electricity_cellphone.htm) (http://www.manilatimes.net/power-crisis-may-extend-until-2015-petilla/113495/) (http://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/on-the-horizon-renewable-energy-in-asi-39373/) (http://www.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/R.A.-9136.pdf) (http://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/view/20) (http://www.philstar.com/business/2013/02/28/913903/govt-warns-another-power-crisis) (http://www.utwente.nl/mb/cstm/research/summary/urbanenergy/)
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