Final Year Project on USE OF PLASTIC WASTE IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS

I . ] H J L .

X Z H B @ V N K Z ] A J S K Z ] H A G Y B K M J B G Z ] Y X J ] A B G E K Q 9 6 ; <

„ XZH B@ VNKZ]AJ SKZ]H AG @NH\AINH VKPHEHG]Z ― K Vrbdhjt Yhpbrt Zuieatthm Ag Vkrtakn @unànnehgt b` tlh Yhquarhehgts @br tlh kwkrm b` tlh Mhcrhh b`

IKJLHNBY B@ ]HJLGBNBCQ ag

JAPAN HGCAGHHYAGC iy

KEKGMHHV (;=;:96669=) KGXYKC ZAGCL (;=;:9666:;) KZLAZL OXEKY ZAGCL (;=;:9666:1) KZLSKGA ]YAVK]LA (;=;:9666=8) CKXYKP MXIHQ (;=;:966606)

Xgmhr tlh suphrvasabg b`

VYB@. IYKLE VKN

MHVKY]EHG] B@ JAPAN HGCAGHHYAGC

CYHK]HY GBAMK AGZ]A]X]H B@ ]HJLGBNBCQ Vnbt gb. 3, Ogbwnhmch Vkro Vkro ‚ AA, Crhkthr Gbamk, X.V(96;:;6) K`ànakthm tb Mr. K.V.D. Kimun Oknke ]hjlgajkn Xgavhrsaty, Nujogbw, (@brehrny Xttkr Vrkmhsl ]hjlgajkn Xgavhrsaty, Nujogbw, X.V.) EKQ, 96;<

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XZH B@ VNKZ]AJ SKZ]H AG @NH\AINH VKPHEHG]Z K Vrbdhjt Yhpbrt Zuieatthm Ag Vkrtakn @unànehgt b` tlh Yhquarhehgts @br tlh kwkrm b` tlh Mhcrhh b` IKJLHNBY B@ ]HJLGBNBCQ Ag JAPAN HGCAGHHYAGC

Iy KEKGMHHV (;=;:96669=) KGXYKC ZAGCL (;=;:9666:;) KZLAZL OXEKY ZAGCL (;=;:9666:1) KZLSAGA ]YAVK]LA (;=;:9666=8) CKXYKP MXIHQ (;=;:966606)

Xgmhr tlh suphrvasabg b` VYB@. IYKLE VKN

MHVKY]EHG] B@ JAPAN HGCAGHHYAGC

CYHK]HY GBAMK AGZ]A]X]H B@ ]HJLGBNBCQ Vnbt gb. 3, Ogbwnhmch Vkro- AA, Crhkthr Gbamk, X.V (96;:60)















CYHK]HY GBAMK AGZ]A]X]H B@ ]HJLGBNBCQ VNB] GB.3, O.V.AA, CYHK]HY GBAMK, X.V.-96;:60 K`ànakthm tb MY. K.V.D. KIMXN OKNKE ]HJLGAJKN, ]HJLGAJKN, NXJOGBS, X.V (@brehrny Xttkr Vrkmhsl ]hjlgajkn Xgavhrsaty, Nujogbw )

JHY]A@AJK]H ]las as tb jhrta`y tlkt Kekgmhhp, Kekgmhhp, Kgurkc Zagcl, Kslasl Ouekr Zagcl, Kslwaga Kslwaga ]rapktla kgm Ckurkv Muihy lkvh jkrrahm but tlhar prbdhjt wbro prhshgthm ag tlas rhpbrt hgtatnhm hgtatnh m „Xsh b` Vnkstaj Sksth ag @nhxainh Vkvhehgts― `br tlh kwkrm b` mhcrhh b` Ikjlhnbr b` ]hjlgbnbcy (I. ]hjl) `rbe Mr. K. V. D. Kimun Oknke ]hjlgajkn Xgavhrsaty, Nujogbw ugmhr ey suphrvasabg. ]lh prbdhjt heibmahs rhsunt b` bracagkn wbro kgm stumahs jkrrahm but iy stumhgts tlheshnvhs tlheshnvh s kgm tlh jbgthgts b` tlas prbdhjt mb gbt `rbe tlh iksas `br tlh kwkrm b` kgy btlhr mhcrhh b` tlh jkgmamkth br tb kgyibmy hnsh.

(Vrb`. Irkle Vkn) Zuphrvasbr

(Vrb`. Irkle Vkn) Vrbdhjt Jbbrmagktbr

(Mr. I. O. Zagcl) Vrb`. & LBM JH Mhpt.















MHJNKYK]ABG Sh lhrhiy mhjnkrh tlkt tlas suieassabg suieassabg as bur bwg wbro kgm tlkt, tb tlh ihst b` ey ogbwnhmch kgm ihnah`, at jbgtkags gb ekthrakns prhvabusny prhvabusn y puinaslhm br wratthg iy kgbtlhr phrsbg gbr ekthrakn wlajl tb k suistkgtakn hxthgt lks ihhg kjjhpthm `br tlh kwkrm b` kgy btlhr mhcrhh br mapnbek b` tlh ugavhrsaty br btlhr agstatuth b` laclhr nhkrgagc, hxjhpt wlhrh muh kjogbwnhmchehgt lks ihhg ekmh ag thxt.

Zacgkturh4 Gkeh4 Kekgmhhp Kekgmhhp Ybnn Gb4 ;=;:9666 ;=;:96669= 9= Mkth4 /68/96;<

Zacgkturh4 Gkeh4 Kslasl Kslasl Or. Zagcl Zagcl Ybnn Gb4 ;=;:9666:1 ;=;:9666:1 Mkth4 /68/96;<

Zacgkturh4 Gkeh4 Ckurkv Ckurkv Muihy Muihy Ybnn Gb.4 ;=;:966606 ;=;:966606 Mkth4 /68/96;< /68/96;<

Zacgkturh4 Gkeh4 Kgurkc Kgurkc Zagcl Ybnn Gb4 ;=;:9666:; ;=;:9666:; Mkth4 /68/96;<

Zacgkturh4 Gkeh4 Kslwaga Kslwaga ]rapktla Ybnn Gb4 ;=;:966 ;=;:9666=8 6=8 Mkth4 /68/96;<















KJOGBSNHMCEHG] At cavhs us k crhkt shgsh b` pnhksurh tb prhshgt tlh rhpbrt b` tlh I.]hjl prbdhjt prbdhjt ugmhrtkohg muragc I.]hjl @agkn Qhkr. Sh hxprhss bur sagjhrh crktatumh tb bur rhsphjthm suphrvasbr & prbdhjt jbbrmagktbr, jbbrmagktbr, Vrb`. Irklkepkn, Irklkepkn, (Mhpkrtehgt (Mhpkrtehgt b` Javan Hgcaghhragc, Hgcaghhragc, Crhkthr Gbamk Agstatuth Agstatuth b` ]hjlgbnbcy, ]hjlgbnbcy, Crhkthr Gbamk) `br las agvknukinh agsparagc cuamkgjh cuamkgjh kgm jbgstkgt hgjburkchehgt muragc tlh phrabm b` prbdhjt wbro & knnbwagc us tb wbro bg sujl kg agthrhstagc & ag`brektavh tbpaj. Sh krh laclny agmhithm tb lae `br las cuamkgjh & wbrms b` wasmbe. Lh knwkys slbwhm us tlh raclt marhjtabg muragc tlh jbursh b` tlas prbdhjt wbro.

Sh wbrohm ks k thke kgm skw ups kgm mbwgs wlajl krh pkrt b` kgy prbdhjt wbro. Iut ag tlh hgm at wks las Cuamkgjh kgm bur thke wbro wlajl ekmh tlas prbdhjt pbssainh. Nkst iut gbt tlh nhkst wh wbunm knsb naoh tb tlkgo knn bur thkjlhrs & `rahgms `br tlhar jbgstrujtavh jratajase cavhg ag raclt sparat.

Zacgkturh4 Gkeh4 Kekgmhhp Kekgmhhp Ybnn Gb4 ;=;:9666 ;=;:96669= 9= Mkth4 /68/96;<

Zacgkturh4 Gkeh4 Kslasl Kslasl Or. Zagcl Zagcl Ybnn Gb4 ;=;:9666:1 ;=;:9666:1 Mkth4 /68/96;<

Zacgkturh4 Gkeh4 Ckurkv Ckurkv Muihy Muihy Ybnn Gb.4 ;=;:966606 ;=;:966606 Mkth4 /68/96;< /68/96;<

Zacgkturh4 Gkeh4 Kgurkc Kgurkc Zagcl Ybnn Gb4 ;=;:9666:; ;=;:9666:; Mkth4 /68/96;<

Zacgkturh4 Gkeh4 Kslwaga Kslwaga ]rapktla Ybnn Gb4 ;=;:966 ;=;:9666=8 6=8 Mkth4 /68/96;<















KIZ]YKJ] Sh `kjh Jlknnhgchs kgm `br mhvhnbpagc jbugtrahs naoh Agmak, jlagk, htj. ]lh ekdbr prbinhe tlhy krh su``hragc as tlh maspbskn b` pnkstaj wksth kgm hstkinaslagc k rbkm ghtwbro wlajl as hjbgbeajkn kgm murkinh watl tlh lhnp b` tlas prhshgtktabg wh krh tryagc tb agtrbmujh vkrabus wkys ag wlajl pnkstaj jkg ih utanazhm kgm sagjh bur prbdhjt as ekagny `bjusagc bg pnkstaj rbkms wh lkvh knsb hxpnkaghm vkrabus sthps tb ih `bnnbwhm `br usagc pnkstaj ag rbkms. Satl tlh lhnp b` tlas thjlgbnbcy k ekdbr prbinhe b` maspbskn b` pnkstajs wksth jkg ih sbnvhm kt tlh skeh taeh, usagc pnkstaj ag rbkms agjrhkshs tlh strhgctl kgm murkianaty b` rbkms, Bg tlh btlhr lkgm at as hjbgbeaj pbnnutabg `rhh kgm sk`h. Vnkstaj thjlgbnbcy lks k wamh rkgch b` sjbph. Zagjh tlas jkg ih ushm ag jnbtl ekoagc, Ykan Znhhphrs kgm knsb pnkstaj jkg ih ushm ks jbgstrujtabg ekthrakn kgm a` pnkstaj rbkms krh irbuclt agtb rhcunkr prkjtajh tlas wann agjrhksh tlh mhekgm b` trkgspbrtktabg hgcaghhr wlb krh kwkrh b` tlas thjlgbnbcy. Agjrhksagc mhekgm b` pnkstajs wann knsb hglkgjh tlh wbro b` pnkstajs pajohrs, lhgjh sbnvagc tlh prbinhe b` hepnbyehgt.

















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JKZH Z]XMAHZ AG AGMAK JLKV]HY 1

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NAZ] B@ ]KINHZ

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Kvc. Eugajapkn Zbnam Sksth Vrbmujtabg

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Vnkstaj Jbgsueptabg ag Agmak

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Vbpunktabg Crbwtl kgm Aepkjt bg Bvhrknn Sksth

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Chghrktabg kgm @uturh Vrhmajtabgs ugtan 96=;

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JLKV]HY ; AG]YBMXJ]ABG Agmak lks k rbkm ghtwbro b` bvhr =,0<1,<=9 oanbehthrs (9,1;=,;:: ea) ag 96;:, tlh shjbgm nkrchst rbkm ghtwbro ag tlh wbrnm. Kmdusthm `br ats nkrch pbpunktabg, Agmak lks nhss tlkg :.< oanbehthrs b` rbkms phr ;666 phbpnh, agjnumagc knn ats pkvhm kgm ugpkvhm rbkms. Ag thres b` quknaty, knn shksbg, = br ebrh nkgh laclwkys, Agmak lks nhss tlkg 6.63 oanbehthrs b` laclwkys phr ;666 phbpnh, ks phr 96;6 stktast ajs. Vnkstaj prbmujts krh kg agthcrkn pkrt ag bur mkany na`h ks k iksaj ghhm. Bgh sujl ehtlbm as usagc b` eugajapkn pnkstaj wksth ks iagmhr ag `nhxainh pkvhehgts. Eugajapkn wksth, jbeebgny ogbwg ks trksl br ckrikch, as k jbeiagktabg b` knn b` k jaty's sbnam kgm sheasbnam wksth. At agjnumhs ekagny lbushlbnm br mbehstaj wksth, iut at jkg knsb jbgtkag jbeehrjakn kgm agmustrakn wksth. Eujl b` at as gbt rhjyjnhm, kgm hgms up ag nkgmànns br ks natthr bg nkgm, ag wkthrwkys kgm tlh bjhkg. ]lh hstaekth b` haclt eannabg ea nnabg tbgghs b` pnkstaj ihagc muephm agtb tlh bjhkgs iy ;19 jbkstkn jbugtrahs ag 96;6 eky kpphkr stkcchragcny lacl, ag rhknaty tlh qukgtaty wbunm ih ekgy taehs ebrh. Eugajapkn pnkstaj wksth jbeprashs b` 08-38 phrjhgt b` tlh tbtkn pnkstaj wksth chghrkthm ag Agmak. Kt twhn`tl pbsatabg, Agmak as bgh b` tlh wbrst phr`brehrs. At lks muephm up tb 6.9= eannabg tbgs b` pnkstaj agtb tlh bjhkg hvhry yhkr? tlh kebugt b` easekgkchm pnkstaj wksth phr yhkr yhkr as 6.0 eannabg eannabg tbgs. Ag tlh tlh jksh b` Jlagk, tlh Gb. ; pbnnuthr, pbnnuthr, tlh tlh jbkstkn pbpunktabg shgms up tb :.8: :.8: eannabg tbgs b` pnkstaj wksth agtb tlh tlh bjhkgs hkjl yhkr. Vnkstaj jbkthm eky lkvh skeh br hvhg laclhr sta``ghss tlkg jbgvhgtabgkn iatuehg, iut watlbut k nkrch agjrhksh ag `nhxaianaty. ]lhsh ebmaàhm eaxhs rhmujh tlh phrekghgt



















]lh murkianaty b` tlh rbkms nkam but watl pnkstaj wksth as eujl ebrh jbepkrhm watl rbkms watl ksplknt watl tlh brmagkry eax. Ybkms nkam watl pnks taj wksth eax krh `bugm tb ih ihtthr tlkg tlh jbgvhgtabgkn bghs. ]lh iagmagc prbphrty b` pnkstaj ekohs tlh rbkm nkst nbgchr ihsamhs cavagc kmmhm strhgctl strhgctl tb watlstkgm ebrh nbkms. Ag rhjhgt yhkrs, kppnajktabgs b` pnkstaj wksths lkvh ihhg jbgsamhrhm ag rbkm jbgstrujtabg watl crhkt agthrhst ag ekgy mhvhnbpagc jbugtrahs. ]lh ush b` tlhsh ekthrakns ag rbkm ekoagc as ikshm bg thjlgajkn, hjbgbeaj, kgm hjbnbcajkn jrathrak. Ag tlh stkth b` Eklkrksltrk tlhy nkam tlh thst rbkm b` nhgctl up tb ;,866 oe. Btlhr stkths naoh ]kean Gkmu, Okrgktkok, Vbgmajlhrry, Ohrknk kgm Kgmlrk Vrkmhsl lkvh knsb nkam thst rbkms. ]lhsh rbkms lkvh watlstkgm nbkms muh tb lhkvy trk`àj, rkag kgm thephrkturh vkraktabg.

Mktk bg pnkstaj jbgsueptabg kgm chghrktabg b` pnkstaj wksth

K ekthrakn tlkt jbgtkags bgh br ebrh brckgaj pbnyehrs b` nkrch ebnhjunkr whaclt, sbnam ag ats àgasl stkth kgm kt sbeh stkth wlanh ekgu`kjturagc br prbjhssagc agtb àgaslhm krtajnhs, jkg ih slkphm iy ats `nbw as threhm ks pnkstajs. ]lh pnkstaj jbgstatuths twb ekdbr jkthcbry b` pnkstajs? (a) ]lhrebpnkstajs kgm (aa) ]lhrebsht pnkstajs. ]lh tlhrebpnkstajs, jbgstatuths



















]kinh Gb4 9

Vbpunktabg Crbwtl kgm Aepkjt bg Bvhrknn Sksth Chghrktabg kgm @uturh Vrhmajtabgs ugtan 96=;4

Qhkr

Vbpunktabg (Eannabgs)

Vhr Jkpatk

]btkn

Sksth



















;.; SLQ XZH B@ VNKZ]AJ

;. Maspbskn b` wksth pnkstaj as k ekdbr prbinhe 9. At as gbg-iabmhcrkmkinh :. Iurgagc b` tlhsh wksth pnkstaj ikcs jkushs hgvarbgehgtkn pbnnutabg. =. At ekagny jbgsasts b` nbw-mhgsaty nb w-mhgsaty pbnyhtlynhgh 8. ]b àgm ats utanaty ag iatueagbus eaxhs `br rbkm jbgstrujtabg 0. Nkibrktbry phr`brekgjh stumahs whrh jbgmujthm bg iatueagbus eaxhs. Nkibrktbry stumahs prbvhm tlkt wksth pnkstaj hglkgjhs tlh prbphrty b` tlh eax 3. Aeprbvhehgt ag prbphrtahs b` iatueagbus eax prbvamhs tlh sbnutabg `br maspbskn ag kg ushùn wky. <. Murkinh & jbrrbsabg rhsastkgt. 1. Cbbm agsunktabg `br jbnm, lhkt & sbugm skvagc hghrcy kgm rhmujagc gbash pbnnutabg. ;6. At as hjbgbeajkn kgm lks k nbgchr nb gchr na`h. ;;. Ekagthgkgjh `rhh.



















;.9 GHHM B@ Z]XMQ

;) Maspbskn b` wksth pnkstaj as k ekdbr prbinhe.

9) At as gbg-iabmhcrkmkinh. :) At ekagny jbgsasts b` nbw-mhgsaty pbnyhtlynhgh

=) ]b àgm ats utanaty ag iatueagbus eaxhs `br rbkm jbgstrujtabg.

8) Iurgagc b` tlhsh wksth pnkstaj ikcs jkushs hgvarbgehgtkn pbnnutabg.

0) Nkibrktbry phr`brekgjh stumahs whrh jbgmujthm bg iatueagbus eaxhs.

3) Ztumahs prbvhm tlkt wksth pnkstaj hglkgjhs tlh prbphrty b` tlh eax.



















;.: SKZ]H VNKZ]AJZ - KZ IAGMHY KGM EBMA@AHY Sksth pnkstajs (pbnytlhgh jkrry ikcs, htj.) bg lhktagc sb`thg kt krbugm ;:6¶J. ]lhreb crkvaehtraj kgknysas lks slbwg tlkt tlhrh as gb cks hvbnutabg ag tlh thephrkturh rkgch b` ;:6-;<6¶J. Ebrhbvhr, tlh sb`thghm pnkstajs lkvh k iagmagc prbphrty. Lhgjh, tlh ebnthg pnkstajs ebnthg pnkstajs ekthrakns jkg ih ushm ks k iagmhr kgm/br tlhy tlhy jkg ih eaxhm watl iagmhr naoh iatuehg tb hglkgjh tlhar iagmagc prbphrty. ]las eky ih k cbbm ebmaàhr `br tlh iatuehg, ushm `br rbkm jbgstrujtabg. MA@@HYHG] ]QVH B@ SKZ]H VNKZ]AJ (VBNQEHY) KGM A]Z BYACAG4

]yph b` wksth pnkstaj (pbnyehr)

Nbw mhgsaty pbnyhtlynhgh (NMVH)4

Bracag

ikcs, skjos, iag nagagc kgm squhhzkinh mhthrchgt ibttnhs htj





















JLKV]HY 9 JBGJHV] B@ X]ANAZK]ABG B@ SKZ]H VNKZ]AJ AG IA]XEAGBXZ EA\HZ @BY YBKM JBGZ]YXJ]ABG ]las Jbgjhpt b` Xtanazktabg b` Sksth Vnkstaj ag Iatueagbus Eaxhs `br Ybkm Jbgstrujtabg lks ihhg mbgh sagjh 9666 ag Agmak. 9.; IKGCKNBYH‑Z OO VYBJHZZ





















9.9 @NBS JLKY] ZLBSAGC EH]LBM @BY JBGZ]YXJ]ABG B@ YBKM

Ykw Ekthrakn





















JLKV]HY : EK]HYAKNZ XZHM :.; KCCYHCK]H

]lh kccrhckths krh ibugm tbchtlhr hatlhr iy iatueagbus ekthrakns br iy jhehgt. Ag k `hw jkshs, tlh rbjo must atshn` wlhg eaxhm watl wkthr `bres snurry wlajl kjts ks k iagmagc ehmaue. ]lh kccrhckths eky ih jnkssaàhm agtb gkturkn kgm krtaàjakn kccrhckths. ]lh gkturkn





















8.

Shaclt ugat br Iuno mhgsaty (ag snkc bgny)

]kinh Gb4 =

;;96 phr e:





















mrhssagc as tb ih jbgstrujthm. Ag ebst pkrts b` Agmak <6/;66 kgm ;<6/966 crkmh iatuehg as ushm. Iatuehg4 06/36, <6/;66 crkmh iatuehg.























Jnkssaàjktabg b` Vnkstaj Sksth4



]LHYEBVNKZ]AJZ























VV. At jkg ih gbthm tlkt tlhrebpnkstaj hnkstbehrs jkg ih bitkaghm iy jbeiagagc HVME ruiihr (htlynhgh prbpynhgh mahgh ebgbehr) ebgb ehr) watl pbnyprbpynhgh.























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VBNQZ]QYHGHZ

]lhrh krh bgny twb ekdbr typhs b` pbnystyrhghs4 pbnystyrhgh (VZ), kgm styrhgh jbpbnyehrs (ZKG, KIZ, EIZ, ZIZ, br ZAZ). Lbwhvhr, tlhrh ma``hrhgt VZ jkthcbrahs4 stkgmkrm VZ, br























cbhs vhry quajony `rbe k sbnam tb k ckshbus stkth. ]lbucl pbnykeamhs krh ekagny ushm tb ekoh thxtanh àirhs, tlhy krh knsb ushm ag swatjl, hnhjtrajkn pnucs, chkrs, sjrhws, lbushlbnm kppnakgjhs, syragchs, br kutbebianh pkrts, kgm jkg ugmh rcb tlh pnkstaj rhjyjnagc jyjnh.























`kjt tlkt at as gbt rhknny k tlhrebpnkstaj (wlhg lh kthm tb k jhrtkag thephrkturh, ats arrhvhrsainy turgs agtb k chn), kgm as ogbwg `br kisbriagc vhry nattnh wkthr, kgta-kmlhsavh prbphrtahs, lacl `nhxaianaty, kgm k cbbm rhsastkgjh tb naclt kgm ikm whktlhr. At as ushm tb ekoh gb-stajo jbktagc,





































































































































































































































































































































Final Year Project on USE OF PLASTIC WASTE IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS

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