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Volume of semen in boar - 250 ml Drug of choice for theileriosis – Buparvaquone Most effective drug for cestodiasis – Praziquntal Lambert suture not applied in which of the following organ a) rumen b) uterus c) stomach d ) esophagus(answer ) Anti nutritional factor present in cotton seed – Gossypol Drug which prevent platelet aggregation – Aspirin Range of rumen ph – 5-7 Number of lumbar vertebrae in dog – 7 Longest muscle in the body – Longissmus dorsi Organism which causes aflatoxicosis -Penicillium leberi ( aspergillus aspergillus flavus not found in the answer choices) Organism causing brooder brooder pneumonia pneumonia - Aspergillus fumigatus Gnrh secreted from – Hypothalamus Hormone that is released in high amount amount in 2 nd nd stage of labour labour – Oxytocin Dilated pupil and fish eye appearance seen in which stage of anesthesia – Stage iv Heart of bovine is attached to – Pericardio sternal ligament Largest antibody type - Ig M Antibody which is lining in the mucosal surface – Ig A Viral genome contain a) RNA b) DNA c) Either RNA or DNA ( answer) Virus which contain reverse trascriptase enzyme – Retroviridae For closing of uterine incision sutures should be started from a) cervical end b) ovarian end (answer) Catgut obtained from sub-mucosa of – Sheep Horse is which type of animal – Seasonally polyestrous polyestrous Purkinje cells present a) myocardium b)cerebrum c) cerebellum (answer) Drug inhibiting cell wall synthesis – Penicillin Organism devoid of cell wall – Mycoplasma Microscopic lesion in bse - Vacuolation of neurons Cyclozoonosis related to – Ecchinococcosis Long acting local anesthetic – Bupivaquone 1-50 mg / kg body weight Which dose is related to highly toxic drugs – 1-50 Accepted fluoride content in water – 1mg / lit water Vector for leishmaniasis – Phlebotomus Phlebotomus Paramphistomiasis Stomach fluke of bovine – Paramphistomiasis Pipe stem liver is caused by - Fasciola hepatica Organism not having filaments – Mycobacterium Irritable non ionic drug drug should be administered in which which route – Intravenous Example of brachiocephalic breed – Pug Acute gangrenos myositis associated with – Black quarter Organism causing interstitial nephritis – Leptospira Lymphocyte Most abundant leukocytes type in bovines – Lymphocyte Blood cells containing granules toxic to parasite – Eosinophils Nucleated thrombocytes seen in – Fowl Camel is which type of animal – Induced Induced ovulator Diffused pus in the connective tissue is known – Phlegmon Bilateral tubular inpatency causes a) anestrous b) Repeat breeding(answer) c) early embryonic mortality Reference test for rabies – FAT Rabies is which type of virus – Neurotrophic Gasping observed observed in which disease – Infectous laryngeo tracheitis Immuno deficiency in IBD is due to destruction of - B-Lymphocytes
Infective stage of schistosoma – Cercaria Cuboni test for pregnancy diagnosis done in which animal – Mare Duration of spermatogenesis in buffalo – 64 days Drainage of middle ear provided through – Zepps operation Feline distemper is known as – Feline panleukopenia Ketone bodies in the urine is due to – Hypoglycemia Smallest virus – FMD virus Brucella s-19 vaccine Which one of the following is a live vaccine – Brucella Breech presentation is also known as – Posterior longitudinal Diagnosis of camphylobactor is done by – Vaginal mucous agglutination test Dolphins and whales breath through a) gills b) Lungs(answer) Lungs(answer) c)spiracles Agar contains - a) protein b) lipid c) Carbohydrates d) all the above Biotin Raw egg feeding in dogs causes deficiency of – Biotin Paralysis of hind quarters is known as – Paraplegia Paraplegia Garlic odour of food content is seen in -Phosphorus poisonining Antidote for lead poisoning – Ca-Na EDTA Bronze coloured liver is seen in a)Fowl typhoid b) pullorum disease c)fowl cholera Theileriosis Ulcers in abomasum is seen in – Theileriosis Caecal coccidiosis is caused by – Eimeria tenella Sugar needed for multiplication of brucella – Erythrital Brucella ovis in sheep causes – a) a) orchitis b) prosthitis c)Epididymitis Ovulation occurs after end of estrous in which species of animal – bovine Largest deer species in india a) sambar b) spotted deer c) Barasinga penetration Route of infection in anchylostoma species – Skin penetration Vagus nerve is a a)sensory b)motor c) mixed Pearls is seen in a) Squamous cell carcinoma b) basal cell carcinoma Photosensitivity Ingestion of lantana plant associated with – Photosensitivity Motility of bacteria is due to a) plasmid b) pili c ) Fimbriae Which one of the following is an extracellular organism a) babesia b)anaplasma c) Trypanasoma Diabetes insipidus is due to deficiency of – Antidiuretic hormone Recent out break in avian influenza is due to – H5N1 Thawing temperature of semen- 37C for 30 sec Hjarres disease is caused by – E coli Chemical used for control of snail population – Copper sulphate Agent for blister - Bin iodine of mercury mercury Dry matter feeding of cattle a) 3% of body weight b) 3% of metabolic body weight In right side torsion animal should be casted on a) right side b) left side Pudental block Nerve block done for examination of penis penis and prepuce – Pudental Destruction of free radicals associated with which vitamin – Vitamin-E Example for angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor – Captopril For horn surgery in goat nerve to be blocked a) cornual nerve b) infratrochlear nerve c ) cornual nerve &infratrochlear nerve Lead For preventing radiation hazard wear a apron made of – Lead Spermatid is basically – Haploid Epsilon toxin is associated with – Enterotoxaemia Which ligament should be cut in CLP – Median patellar ligament Navicular bone is the name of – Distal sesamoid bone Vitamin administered in dicoumarol dicoumarol poisoning – Vitamin-K ‗Bioterrorism‘ associated with which disease – Anthrax Visceral larva migrants is caused by – Toxocara canis Organism present in pulmonary artery – Dirofilaria immitis Apoptosis Programmed cell death is known as – Apoptosis Gestation period of horse 11months 11days
Organ to be examined in post mortem examination of trichinella spiralis a) lung b) liver c) intestine
d) Diaphragm Glial cells present in - Brain Calcitonin secreted from - a) Thyroid gland b) parathyroid gland Which one is not related to mycoplasma – a)CCPP a)CCPP b) CBPP CBPP c) CRD d) BSE Liver develops from – a) a) ectoderm b) Endoderm c) mesoderm Which one of the following is called as endogenous antigen a) MHC I b) MHC II c) MHC III Inflammation of hoof is known as – a) a) bursitis b) synovitis c) laminitis Lung is distinctly lobulated in a) cattle b)fowl
CLINICAL MEDICINE
1.
Methods of physical examination in cattle a. Inspection- observing through eyes. b. Palpation - feeling through hands. c. Percussion - tapping through fingers. d. Auscultation - listening through stethoscope. The phonendoscope is used for auscultation purpose in case of ruminants. Sites of recording pulse rate. a. Cow &Buffalo - Coccygeal artery, Maxillary artery, facial artery. b. Calf - femoral artery. c. Dog & cat - femoral artery. d. Sheep & goat - femoral artery. e. Horse, donkey& mule - External maxillary artery, median artery, facial artery. Types of respiration a. Costal (Thoracic) - dog and cat. b. Abdominal - cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat. c. Costo-abdominal - Horse, mule, donkey and Ass. Normal parameters
2. 3.
4.
5.
Species
Respiratory Respiratory rate
Normal temperature
Pulse rate
Cattle
10-30/minute
38.5ºC(101.5ºF)
60-80/minute
Horse
8-10/minute
38.0ºC(100.5ºF)
Sheep
10-20/minute
39.0ºC(102.0ºF)
70-90/minute
Goat
25-35/minute
39.5ºC(103.0ºF)
70-90/minute
Pig
10-20/minute
39.0ºC(102.0ºF)
Dog
14-30/minute
Large-37.5-38ºC (99.5-101.5ºF)
Large-7090/minute
Small-38.5-39.5ºC (101.5-102.5ºF)
Small-90120/minute
7. Rumen fluid pH in acid indigestion - 4-5. 8. Rumen fluid pH in protein putrefaction/alkaline indigestion- 8-10. 9. Pulse is characterized by rate, rhythm and quality or volume . 10. Site of blood collection a. Cattle, Buffalo, sheep & goat - Jugular vein, ear vein. b. Horse - Jugular vein c. Dog - Recurrent tarsal vein, cephalic vein. d. Pig - Ear vein, anterior vena cava. 11. Site of CSF collection : a. Cattle & Buffalo- lumbo sacral or 1 st, 2nd coccygeal region b. Horse - Sub occipital or lumbo sacral region. c. Dog - cisternal puncture. d. Sheep & goat - suboccipital or lumbo-sacral region. 12. Normal pulse and respiration ratio - 4:1 13. Bloat - Drum like sound(on percussion) 14. Left abomasal displacement - simultaneous auscultation and percussion over an area between the upper third of the 9 th and 12th ribs of abomasal wall - sounds heard are; Ping sound/metallic sound/ penny dropping sound/ tinkling sound/ splashing sound/ pebble in well sound. 15. William‟s auscultation is the simultaneous auscultation of reticulum and palpation of rumen in Traumatic reticulo peritonitis. 16. Recording and Measurement of heart sounds is done by Phonocardiography. 17. CSF pressure is measured by Manometer. 18. The 2nd to 5th intercostals space is the site for the auscultation of heart. 19. Somnolence is the state when animal is depressed to the point that it is unable to hold its head. 20. Dorsal bending of spinal column is known as Kyphosis. 21. Ventral bending of spinal column is known as Lardosis. 22. Lateral bending of spinal column is known as Scoliosis. 23. A cow sits on the sternum and rests on the flank in Milk fever. 24. In downer cow syndrome, a cow has no defect in eating, defecation or urination but will be unable to stand and remains in sternal recumbancy. 25. Amaurosis is total blindness. 26. Amylopia is partial blindness. 27. Abducted elbow with extension of head and neck in a cow with brisket edema and jugular pulsation is seen in traumatic pericarditis. 28. A male dog urinating like a bitch in cystitis and urolithiosis. 29. A horse adopting a dog sitting posture with kicking at the belly is seen in acute gastric dilatation. 30. Goose stepping gait in pigs is due to the deficiency of pantothenic acid. 31. High stepping gait with rigidity of limbs is seen in tetany. 32. Knuckling of fetlock is seen in neuritis and nerve paralysis . 33. A pulse which is brief, small and hard in nature is called the wiry pulse. 34. When the pulse wave is small,weak and prolonged it is termed as thready pulse. 35. The respiratory centre is located in the medulla oblongata. 36. Euphoea is the normal quiet breathing with usual respirator y rate in an animal. 37. Hyperpnoea is the increased rate of respiration with an increased or decreased depth of respiration. 38. Polypnoea is the increased rate of respiration with reduction in depth. 39. Oligopnoea is the decreased rate of respiration. 40. Apnnoea is the complete cessation of breathing. 41. Cheyne-strokes Cheyne-strokes respiration is the gradual decrease in the depth of respiration in a renal and cardiac disease. 42. Biot‟s respiration is characterised by altering periods of Hyperpnoea and apnea ( in meningitis). 43. Kussmaul‟s respiration or air hunger is the respiration which is forceful and regular but expiration is unaffected ( in uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis). 44. Chronic pulmonary obstructive disease/ heaves in horse is characterized by double expiration.
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Depraved or perverted appetite is known as pica/ allotriophagia. Coprophagia is the eating of its own or other animal‘s faeces. Pilophagia is the licking of hair and body coat. Normal rumen motility is 7-12/5 minutes. The interval between two rumen motility should not be more than 2 minutes. Rumen hypermotility is seen in conditions like bloat, acidosis, simple indigestion, TRP. Grunting can be heard on auscultation of traumatic reticulo - peritonitis. Pole or Bamboo test is the raising of Animal forcefully by placing the pole on the xiphoid cartilage of sternum in lower third of the chest. It will make the animal to grunt. Used in TRP. In dogs the liver enzyme SGPT is measured. In large animals the liver enyzme SGOT is measured. Diaphragmatic hernia is common in Buffaloes. Liptak test is used for the diagnosis of LDA. Abomasal pH is 2-4. repolarization. ECG means atrial depolarization and ventricular repolarization. In ECG, prolongation of P of P wave indicates left atrial enlargement. In ECG, increased P wave amplitude indicates right atrial enlargement. In ECG, tall R wave and prolongation of QRS complex indicates left ventricular enlargement. In ECG, deepening of S wave indicates Right ventricular enlargement. In ECG, peaked T wave indicates hyperkalemia. The predominant bacteria in rumen fluid are gram negative. In case of acidosis it is gram positive. Acid indigestion due to ingestion of large amounts of highly fermentable carbohydrates. Diagnostic tests used for simple indigestion are sediment activity test and cellulose digestion test . Acute pancreatitis in dogs leads to a praying stance. TRP is characterised by leucocytosis with neutrophilia -left shift. Vagus indigestion has papple shaped abdomen that is pear shaped in the right side s ide and apple shaped in right side. Normal blood calcium level is 9-11mg/d l in a cows Time of occurrence of milk fever is within 48 hours. The rectal temperature in case of milk fever is 36-38ºC. increas ed in downer cow syndrome. CPK and ALT liver enzyme levels are increased Ketosis in cows mainly due to negative energy balance . Pregnancy toxaemia in sheep is ketosis and in cattle is called fatty liver syndrome . Lactation tetany in horse is due to hypocalcemia . Lactation tetany in cattle is due to hypomagnesemia . Eclampsia in bitches is due to hypocalcemia and hypoglycaemia. Nervous signs of ketosis due to production of isopropyl alcohol which is a breakdown product of acetoacetic acid in the rumen. Blood glucose level in case of ketosis is 20-40mg/dl. The normal blood ketone body level is 50mg/dl. Diagnostic choice for fatty liver syndrome is liver biopsy. Time of occurrence of bovine ketosis is 60 days after parturition . Time of occurrence of post parturient haemoglobinuria is 2-4 weeks after parturition. Low milk fat syndrome due to a decreased formation of acetate in rumen is due to low fibre diets. Milk is a poor source of copper and iron. It is a rich source of calcium and phosphorus. Sulkowich test is used for the estimation of calcium in the urine during hypocalcemia. Xylidill test used for estimation of magnesium in urine in hypomagnesemia. Occurrence of post parturient haemoglobinuria is due to feeding of cruciferous plants . Myoglobinuria and muscle degeneration are the pathological changes seen in the case of azoturia in horses. The normal ratio of Calcium and Magnesium in blood is 6:1. Prepartum diet containing high amount of sulphur and chloride (anions) reduces the chances of
94. The prepartum diet contains high amount of sodium and potassium ( cations) which increases the chance of milk fever. 95. Eclampsia in bitches is characterised by b y clinical signs like opisthotonus arch, tonoclonic conulsion, high rise in temperature (108ºC). 96. Phosphorus deficiency may reduce glucose utilization leading to reduced production of ATP which is essential to maintain the integrity of RBC. 97. Phosphorus deficiency may cause reduction of red cell glycolysis gl ycolysis and decrease in ATP synthesis. 98. Normal level of phosphorus is 4-7mg/dl. In case of deficiency it decreases to 0.5 to 3 mg/dl. 99. In horse azoturia the serum creatinine phospho kinase(CPK) level is highest in skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration. The AST level is also increased. 100. Normal 100. Normal serum magnesium level is 1.7 to 3 mg/dl . In hypomagnesaemia it reduces to 0.5mg/dl. 101. Fatty liver syndrome is treated by administering choline chloride ( which facilitates the transportation of fatty acids from liver to fat deposits) and vitamin B12. 102. Baby pig disease due to hypoglycaemia. 103. Thiamine hydrochloride helps in lactate metabolism and a nd is given for acid indigestion. 104. TRP is also called as hardware disease . 105. Vagus indigestion is also called as Hoflund syndrome. 106. In vagus indigestion constipation is an important clinical sign. 107. In vagus indigestion failure of two sites is seen; a. Omasal transport failure b. Pyloric outflow failure-causes hypochloric metabolic alkalosis 108. Bradycardia can be considered as a diagnostic f actor for vagal indigestion.(ATROPINE test: given 30 mg of atropine sulphate s/c and heart beat is monitored for every 2 to 5 minutes) 109. LDA is common in high yielding dairy cows rather than RDA. 110. Ping sound (high-pitched) is heard in case ofLDA,RDA, cecal dilatation and tortion, intestinal tympany associated with acute obstruction or paralytic ile us, pneumoperitonium, tortion of the coile colon. 111. Pung(low pitched ping) is heard in gas filled rumen. 112. The etiology for secondary bloat is oesophageal obstruction,vagus indigestion, diaphragmatic hernia, tetanus, TRP, tumors, hypocalcemia, hydatid cyst, worm infestation(amphistomosis) 113. Treatment of choice for acid indigestion is 5% sodium Bicarbonate. 114. Treatment of choice for milk fever is 25% calcium borogluconate. 115. Treatment of choice for eclampsia in bitches is 10% calcium borogluconate. 116. Treatment for ovine ketosis is 5% dextrose 117. Treatment of choice in bovine ketosis is 50% dextrose (replacement therapy). therapy). As hormonal therapy it is dexamethasone. 118. Treatment of hypomagnesaemia is with 25% calcium borogluconate and 5% magnesium hypophosphate. 119. Milk fever is common in Jersey cows. 120. Ketosis is common in Guernsy cows. 121. Downer cow syndrome is common in Holstein Friesian.
Lectins or Castor bean Ricin(haemagglutinins) Saponin
Lucerne Soyabean
Heat treatment
Bloat in ruminants Poultrydepression of growth
Poly phenolic compounds
Sal seed meal
Physical – soaking & working – soaking
Sorghum
Chemical – Poly Poly ethylene glycol (PEG),Polyvinyl pyroldone (PVP)
Tannins
Alkali (NaOH)Formaldehyde, Methanol
Subst Substa ance nces inte interfe rf eri ng with miner iner al utili utilizzati on Phytic acid
Soya bean, Cotton seed meal
Oxalic acid
Beet Spinach
Glucosinolates
Brassica sp – cabbage , turnips mustard seed
Forms Zn-phytate complex. Ruminants can hydrolyse using phytase enzyme Forming insoluble calcium oxalate complex.Causes hypocalcaemia Depress Synthesis of thyroid hormone.
Cooking
Ruminants appear to be less susceptible. Toxic to pigs & poultry
Gossypol
Cotton seed
Forms complex with Iron. Pigs & rabbits more susceptible.
Toxic effect can be overcome by supplementing ferrous sulphate
