Aks blsozfxofmnls l fa|srzkofmnls bl lsrk x|jafokofÿn smn sfn omixzmifsm. [|lbk lnrlnbfbm {|l ak Lixzlsk! omnslzuknbm aks okzkorlzésrfoks jësfoks bla imblam! sl zlslzuk la blzlodm bl fnrzmb|ofz! ln o|ka{|flz imilnrm v sfn xmnlz ka bék lsrk x|jafokofÿn! rmbks aks imbfefokofmnls bl ÿzcknms! blrkaals m koolsmzfms {|l lsrfil omnulnflnrls! vk slk xkzk il`mzkz la xzmb|orm m xmz ltfclnofks bl okzëorlz omnsrz|orfum fum m omilzofka.
AK_ AAKUL_ Omn la uldéo|am sl lnrzlckn0 ) Bms aakuls ;)efc. ; :)efc. ;. Ak aakul efc. ; ls |skbk xkzk0 ) Omni|rkbmz bl kzzkn{|l. ) X|lzrks. ) Rkxk bl jkða. ) Blskorfukofn bla kfzjkc! akbm xk) sk`lzm. ) Kxlzr|zk-oflzzl bl aks x|lzrks xmz ilbfm bl iknbm k bfsrknofk $aakul ;)efc. ;&. @|nrm k aks aakuls sl lnrzlck ak OMBL okzb efc. : ln ak {|l sl lno|lnrzkn0
K efn bl ifnfifpkz ams zflscms bl zmjms! la uldéo|am x|lbl lsrkz l{|fxk) bm omn |n sfsrlik lalorznfom bl fn) dfjfofn bl e|nofmnkiflnrm bla imrmz $Efkr OMBL& {|l ls korfukbm k|rmië) rfokilnrl o|knbm sl zlrfzk ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l. Okbk aakul xmsll |n bfsxmsfrfum lalo) rznfom omn |nk e|nofn bl rzknsifrfz |nk slûka ln obfcm ka sfsrlik bl ln) olnbfbm xmz ilbfm bl |nk knrlnk ls) xlofka fnomzxmzkbk ka omni|rkbmz. Ak slûka lnufkbk omnsrfr|vl ‑|nk xkakjzk bl mzbln’ sflixzl bfelzlnrl xkzk okbk xkzrfbk! omn ak o|ka ak olnrzka zlomnmol k ak aakul v! smakilnrl ln lsk omnbf) ofn! xlzifrl ak x|lsrk ln ikzodk bla imrmz. Z J 5 ; ? 8 D
;
efc. ;
Z J 5 2 ; 8 N L 2
:
efc. :
K ) La obfcm lalorznfom ln oksm bl x|lsrk ln ikzodk bl lilzclnofk $omn) s|arl X|lsrk ln ikzodk bla imrmz omn kzzkn{|l bl lilzclnofk ln la okxér|am ‑Ln LiLzcLnofk’&7 J ) La obfcm iloënfom bl aks aakuls {|l bljl omi|nfokz ka xlzsmnka bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr sf blslk smafofrkz b|xafokbms bl ak aakul. KBULZRLNOFK0 ak rkz`lrk OMBL OKZB ls fnbfsxlnskjal xkzk ak l`l) o|ofÿn bl ak x|lsrk ln ikzodk ln lilzclnofks. \n omnsl`m ls ikn) rlnlz sflixzl omnsfcm $nm ln la uldéo|am& vk {|l ls fnbfsxlnskjal xkzk s| slc|zfbkb v rzkn{|fafbkb. Ls fixmzrknrl rkijfæn knmrkz ams nðilzms omnsrknrls bl ak OMBL OKZB! xkzk |rfafpkofÿn ln oksm bl |n lulnr|ka ltrzkuém bl ak rkz`lrk. AAKUL ILOëNFOK Xkzk ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l :)efc. ; lsrë xzlufsrk ak xzlbfsxmsfofn xkzk fnsrkak) ofn bl rlalomiknbm k bfsrknofk.
K
_l zlomiflnbk la |sm bl kakziks omn Ak xflpk ilrëafok lnok`kbk K bl ak rlalomiknbm fnomzxmzkbm k ak aakul bl aakul koofmnk0 kzzkn{|l bl ak aénlk bl koolsmzfms Efkr! ) la omni|rkbmz bl kzzkn{|l7 {|l e|lzmn blskzzmaakbms v rlsrlkbms xk) ) aks olzzkb|zks bl aks x|lzrks7 zk |sm ln s| uldéo|am. Xkzk kb{|fsfofn ) ak olzzkb|zk bla omixkzrfiflnrm bl l fnsrkakofn bla sfsrlik bl kakzik! bf) l{|fxk`l7 zé`ksl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr.
AAKUL OMN IKNBM K BF_RKNOFK $bmnbl lsr xzlufsrk& Ak aakul efc. ? lsrë bmrkbk bl0 ) xflpk ilrëafok lnok`kbk K {|l lnrzk ln ak lix|ûkb|zk bl ak ifsik aakul7 ) jmrn J xkzk blsjam{|lkz aks x|lz) rks7 ) jmrïm O xkzk jam{|lkz aks x|lzrks k bfsrknofk omn kxkckbm rlixmzfpkbm bl aks a|ols fnrlznks7 ) jmrn B bl kxlzr|zk bl ak xflpk ilrëafok lnok`kbk.
O|knbm xzlsfmnl la jmrÿn B! xmnck ak iëtfik krlnofÿn xkzk lufrkz {|l ak xflpk ilrëafok lnok`kbk ka skafz x|lbk ok|skz alsfmnls m bkûms. Xmz am rknrm! la jmrÿn B bljlzë xzl) sfmnkzsl sÿam o|knbm ak aakul sl lno|lnrzl al`ms bla o|lzxm! ln xkz) rfo|akz bl ams m`ms! v bl mj`lrms {|l sl x|lbkn zmixlz $xmz l`lixam! ak zmxk&. Nm bl`l ak aakul ka kaoknol bl mrzks xlzsmnks! lsxlofkailnrl bl ams nfûms! vk {|l xmbzékn xzlsfmnkz la jmrÿn B sfn bkzsl o|lnrk. Z J 4 < ? 8 O E
efc. ?
Xkzk fnrzmb|ofz ak xflpk ilrëafok ln) ok`kbk ln ak lix|ûkb|zk bl ak aakul! iknrlnck xzlsfmnkbm la jmrn B v cfzl ak xflpk ilrëafok ln la slnrfbm fnbfokbm xmz ak ealodk dksrk méz la ‑oafo’ bl jam) {|lm. \nk ulp {|l dkvk rlnfbm a|ckz la jam{|lm! s|larl la jmrn B. Xkzk koofmnkz ak kxlzr|zk olnrzkafpk) bk k bfsrknofk bl aks x|lzrks! xzlsfmnl la jmrn J)efc. ?! aks x|lzrks sl blsjam) {|lkn v aks a|ols bl cfzm xkzxkblkn bms ulols $xkzk aks ulzsfmnls xkésls bmnbl lsræ xzlufsrk&. Ln okijfm! xkzk koofmnkz la oflzzl olnrzkafpkbm bl aks x|lzrks! xzlsfmnl la jmrn O)efc. ?! aks x|lzrks sl jam{|lkn v aks a|ols bl cfzm xkzxkblkn |nk smak ulp. Ln oksm bl fnrlzulnofn bla fnrlzz|x) rmz fnlzofka bl fnrlzz|xofn bl omij|s) rfjal! sl zlkafpk la blsjam{|lm k|rmië) rfom bl aks x|lzrks.
KBULZRLNOFK0 la e|nofmnkifln) rm bla iknbm k bfsrknofk blxlnbl bl ukzfms ekormzls! omim ak lulnr|ka fnrlzelzlnofk omn mnbks lalorzmikc) nærfoks lifrfbks xmz e|lnrls ltrlz) nks! la lsrkbm bl okzck bl ak xfak v ak xzlslnofk bl mj`lrms ilrëafoms olzok bl ak aakul v bla uldéo|am. Bl rmbks emziks! sl x|lbln lelor|kz aks iknfmjzks |rfafpknbm ak xflpk ilrëafok bl ak aakul. Xkzk imblams bl kakziks mzfcfnkals! omns|arl ak aénlk Efkr bl Koolsmzfms! mezlofbk ln aks Omnolsfmnkzfks Efkr.
IKNBM_ K BF_RKNOFK KBFOFMNKAL_ La zlolxrmz x|lbl zlomnmolz dksrk 4 iknbms k bfsrknofk. _f am akzcm bl ak b|zkofn bla uldéo|am! nlolsfrksl! xmz o|ka{|flz imrfum! |n n|lum iknbm k bfsrknofk! ko|bk bfzlorkilnrl k ams _lz) ufofms K|rmzfpkbms bl ak Zlb bl Ksfs) rlnofk Efkr! aaluknbm omnsfcm ak OMBL okzb! |n bmo|ilnrm xlzsmnka bl fblnrf) bkb v ams bmo|ilnrms bl fblnrfefokofn bl xzmxflbkb bla uldéo|am. K omnrfn|kofn! sl zls|iln aks e|n) ofmnls xzfnofxkals {|l sl x|lbln korf) ukz omn aks bms aakuls $omn v sfn iknbm k bfsrknofk&0
* La imufiflnrm bl jk`kbk ls |nk omnslo|lnofk bl |n omiknbm bl blsjam{|lm bl aks x|lzrks v ak s|jfbk bl ams ufbzfms ls |nk omnslo|lnofk bl |n omiknbm bl jam{|lm bl aks x|lzrks. Lsrk e|nofn sl dkjfafrk o|knbm sl xksk ak aakul bl ak xmsfofn IKZ k ak xmsfofn _RMX v a|lcm blsx|æs bl {|l mo|zzk |nk bl aks sfc|flnrls omnbfofmnls0 ; ) Kxlzr|zk bl ak x|lzrk bla omnb|ormz! m : ) Blsx|æs bl 8; ifn|rm! oksm nm dkvk kxlzr|zk bl ak x|lzrk bla omnb|ormz. Nmrk0 rzks ak s|srfr|ofÿn m ak blsomnltfÿn bl ak jkrlzék bla uldéo|am! ak xzfilzk korfukofÿn bl ak e|nofÿn sÿam sl dkjfafrk sf sl o|ixal ak omnbfofÿn ‑;’. N Fnbfokofn uëafbk o|knbm koofmnkbm xmz la iknbm k bfsrknofk.
K
_\_RFR\OFßN BL AK JKRLZÉK BL AK AAKUL OMN IKNBM K BF_RKNOFK _|srfr|fz ak jkrlzék xmz mrzk n|luk {|l sl x|lbl lnomnrzkz nmzikailnrl ln la omilzofm. Aks jkrlzéks blsokzckbks smn nmofuks xkzk la ilbfm kijflnrl! xmz am rknrm! bljlzën slz blxmsfrkbks ln ams omn) rlnlbmzls lsxloéefoms! m jfln! lnrzl) ckzsl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr! {|l sl lnokzckzën bl lafifnkzaks.
Z J 6 < ? 8 O E
efc. 2
Xkzk s|srfr|fz ak jkrlzék0 ) xzlsfmnl la jmrn K)efc. 2 v xmnck ak xflpk ilrëafok lnok`kbk J ln xmsf) ofn bl kxlzr|zk7 ) |rfafpknbm |n blsrmznfaakbmz bl x|n) rk efnk! cfzl la bfsxmsfrfum bl kxlzr|zk O v zlrfzl la xmzrkjkrlzék B7 ) s|srfr|vk ak jkrlzék L zlsxlrknbm aks xmakzfbkbls fnbfokbks7 ) u|lauk k omamokz la xmzrkjkrlzék ln ak aakul v jam{|ælam! cfzknbm la bfsxm) sfrfum O.
:& _f la sfsrlik nm zlomnmol la o) bfcm! la slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm V xlz) iknlol lnolnbfbm $`|nrm ka slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm \&. Ln lsrl oksm! al komnsl) `kims {|l u|lauk k xmnlz ak aakul ln ak xmsfofn _RMX v a|lcm ln IKZ7 sf la imrmz nm sl blsjam{|lk! fnrænrlam omn aks mrzks aakuls ln bmrkofn. _f la imrmz xlziknlol rmbkuék jam) {|lkbm! zlkafol ak x|lsrk ln ikzodk bl lilzclnofk $omns|arl la okxér|am ‑Ln LiLzcLnofk’& v bfzé`ksl k |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr. Omn la uldéo|am ln ikzodk v omn ak LA E\NOFMNKIFLNRM BLA EFKR aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln ak xmsfofn IKZ! OMBL sf b|zknrl ak ikzodk sl lnoflnbl la sl) Okbk ulp {|l cfzk ak aakul bl kzzkn) ûkakbmz a|ifnmsm V sfcnfefok {|l la {|l k ak xmsfofn _RMX m XKZG! la sfs) sfsrlik lsrë lelor|knbm |nk k|rmbfkc) rlik bl xzmrloofn jam{|lk la imrmz. nmsfs $xmz l`lixam! xmz |nk okébk bl rlnsfn&. Ka xmnlz ln ikzodk la imrmz! cfzknbm ak aakul k ak xmsfofn IKZ0 KBULZRLNOFK0 aks aak) ;& _f la sfsrlik zlomnmol la obfcm! uls nm bljln zlofjfz cmaxls la lûkakbmz a|ifmm V blrlaak jzl) e|lzrls! vk {|l sl xmbzékn ulilnrl ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms7 bkûkz s|s omixmnlnrls lalorzÿnf) la sfsrlik bl xzmrloofn dk zlomnmof) bm la obfcm rzknsifrfbm xmz ak aakul v oms. blsrzkjk la imrmz7 cfzknbm ak aakul k ak xmsfofn KUU la imrmz sl xmnl ln ikz) odk.
KBULZRLNOFK0 okbk aakul xmsll |n oÿbfcm xzm) xfm! bfsrfnrm bl rmbms ams bliës! {|l sl bljlzë ilimzfpkz ln ak olnrzka bla sfsrlik. B\XAFOKOFMN BL AK_ AAKUL_ _f smafofrk aakuls kbfofmnkals! bljl fz k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk EFKR omn rmbks aks aakuls v ak OMBL OKZB. \n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr lelor|kzë ak ilimzfpkofn $dksrk |n iëtfim bl 4 aakuls& bl aks aakuls n|luks v rmbks aks aakuls {|l vk xmsll. Ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr xmbzë ltf) cfz ams bmo|ilnrms bl xzmxflbkb bla uldéo|am. Ams obfcms bl aks aakuls {|l nm sl xzlslnrln b|zknrl la xzmolbfiflnrm bl ilimzfpkofn sl jmzzkzën bl ak ilim) zfk xkzk ckzknrfpkz {|l la imrmz nm sl xmnck ln ikzodk omn lsrks aakuls.
OMNI\RKBMZ BL KZZKN[\L
_f sl bkûk la omni|rkbmz bl kzzkn{|l $xmz l`. fnrlnrm bl zmjm&! dkck omnrzmakz la e|nofmnkiflnrm bla bfsxmsfrfum ln o|ka{|flz rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr knrls bl zllixzln) blz ak ikzodk.
Ak aakul sl x|lbl xmnlz ln o|krzm xmsfofmnls bfelzlnrls efc. <0 ) _RMX0 imrmz kxkckbm! ak aakul sl x|lbl skokz. Kac|nms bfsxmsfrfums laæo) rzfoms $xmz l`. zkbfm! oflzzl olnrzkafpkbm bl aks x|lzrks! lro.& x|lbln e|nofmnkz. ) IKZ0 xmsfofn bl ikzodk. Rmbms ams bfsxmsfrfums laæorzfoms x|lbln e|n) ofmnkz. ) KUU0 x|lsrk ln ikzodk bla imrmz. ) XKZG0 imrmz kxkckbm! a|ols bl ls) rkofmnkiflnrm lnolnbfbks! ak aakul sl x|lbl skokz. Xkzk cfzkz ak aakul k ak xmsfofn XKZG! xzlsfmnl la x|askbmz K. Z J 4 < 8 8 D
Ln oksm bl ulnrk bla uldéo|am! bljlzë lnrzlckz ka n|lum xzmxflrkzfm rmbks aks aakuls v ak Ombl Okzb. K
efc. <
O|knbm jk`l bla uldéo|) am {|frl sflixzl ak aakul xkzk lufrkz {|l mrzks xlz) smnks x|lbkn koofmnkz ams iknbms fnkbulzrfbkilnrl. Xmnck la ezlnm bl iknm rfzënbmam dksrk la bflnrl nlolskzfm xkzk kslc|zkzsl ak omi) xalrk fnimufafbkb bla uldéo|am! xmnck ak xzfilzk ikzodk v cfzl aks z|lbks dkofk |n akbm! rlnflnbm o|fbkbm xkzk {|l la nl|iërfom nm rm{|l ln la omzbÿn bl ak ulzlbk. _f la uldéo|am sl lno|lnrzk ln s|jfbk m ln jk`kbk! al komnsl`kims jam{|lkz aks z|lbks omn |nk o|ûk m omn |nk xflbzk. Nm bl`l n|nok k ams nfûms smams ln la fnrlzfmz bla uldéo|am.
K
ZLC\AKOFMNL_ XLZ_MNKAFPKBK_ K_FLNRM_ Aks zlc|akofmnls sl bljln lelor|kz ltoa|sfukilnrl omn la uldéo|am xkzkbm $knrls bl lixzlnblz ak ikzodk&. Zlc|akofÿn amncfr|bfnka ) efc. 5 Aluknrl ak xkaknok K v lix|`l la ksflnrm dkofk kblaknrl m dkofk krzës. Blsx|æs bl smarkz ak xkaknok! omi) xz|ljl {|l la ksflnrm lsræ jfln rzkjkbm smjzl s|s c|éks! fnrlnrknbm blsxakpkzam dkofk kblaknrl v dkofk krzës. Ak ekark bl rka jam{|lm xmbzék xzmum) okz la imufiflnrm bla ksflnrm! dkofæn) bmam imulzsl kac|nms ifaéilrzms dkofk kblaknrl m dkofk krzës.
Omn zlc|akofÿn ifafirzfok ) efc. 3 Xkzk fnoafnkz omixalrkilnrl la ksfln) rm! m xkzk k`|srkz kblo|kbkilnrl ak fn) oafnkofn bla zlsxkabm! cfzl la bfsxmsf) rfum lsxloéefom K)efc. 3 dkofk blaknrl m dkofk krzës! dksrk lnomnrzkz ak xmsfofn blslkbk.
Omn zlc|akofÿn li kar|zk ) efc. 4 Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! lsrë xzlufs) rk ak zlc|akofn laæorzfok ln kar|zk. Ak zlc|akofn sl bljl lelor|kz xmz ilbfm bl ak xkaknok K)efc. 4. Rfzl bla xlznm bl ak xkaknok v cézlak dksrk ak xmsfofn blslkbk.
KBULZRLNOFK0 la xzmvlorm bl |n uldéo|am ls omnoljfbm kor|kailnrl xkzk {|l! ln oksm bl koofblnrl! ams mo|xknrls s|ezkn la iénfim xmsfjal bl omnslo|lnofks. Xmz am rknrm! smn omnoljfbms smjzl ak jksl bl ams ksxlorms bl ‑slc|zfbkb korfuk’ v ‑slc|zfbkb xksfuk’.
Z J ; ; ; 8 D
Z J 6 8 8 8 D
Z J 8 2 8 8 D
K
K
K K
efc. 5
efc. 3
efc. 4
Ln la oksm lsxloéefom bl ams ksfln) rms! o|knbm mo|zzkn fixkorms {|l x|lbkn ok|skz blskolalzkofmnls ln nfulals ‑xlafczmsms’ k ams |s|kzfms! smn xzmvlorkbms xkzk {|l sl blemz) iln! zlb|oflnbm la nfula bl bls) kolalzkofÿn smjzl ams mo|xknrls v ‑xzlslzuënbmams xksfukilnrl’.
Xaflc|l ln ‑ilsfrk’ bla ksflnrm bl) Ilsk xalckjal ) efcs. ;8 v ;; aknrlzm bla akbm bla xksk`lzm Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls lsrë xzlufsrk Ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls! sl x|lbl |rf) |nk ilsfrk ln la zlsxkabm bla ksflnrm afpkz la ksflnrm blaknrlzm bla akbm bla bla xksk`lzm. xksk`lzm omim |nk ilsfrk. Xkzk lelor|kz la xaflc|l bl ak ilsfrk! Xkzk lelor|kz la xaflc|l! omam{|l la rfzl bl laak dkofk kzzfjk v fnoaénlak dkofk kxmvkjzkpms ln ak xmsfofn ulzrfoka! ko) kjk`m slcðn fnbfokofn bl aks ealodks. ofmnl la bfsxmsfrfum K)efc. 6! jk`knbm ka Ak xmsfofn efnka bl ak ilsk blxlnbl ifsim rflixm la zlsxkabm J)efc. 6. bl ak fnoafnkofn bla zlsxkabm bla ksfln) Xkzk zlomamokzam ln ak xmsfofn nmz) rm bla xksk`lzm. ika bl |sm! koofmnl la bfsxmsfrfum K)efc. Nm xzlsfmnl ak ilsfrk dkofk kjk`m! 6! aluknrknbm la zlsxkabm ln slnrfbm fn) xkzk lufrkz zmr|zk bl aks rzkjks bl s|) ulzsm bl ak ealodk dksrk s| jam{|lm. `lofn.
Ln rkals oksms! ak blemzikofÿn bl ams ksflnrms bljl slz omnsfblzk) bk |nk blslkbk omnslo|lnofk bla odm{|l! vk {|l ls xzlofskilnrl ln ak blemzikofÿn {|l ak lnlzcék bla fixkorm ls kjsmzjfbk. _l omnsfblzk {|l! rzks ak omnsrkrkofÿn bl lsrk blemzikofÿn! la omn`|nrm bljlzë slz s|srfr|fbm.
KRLNOFßN0 ak mxlzkofÿn bl xafl) c|l bla ksflnrm v s| |rfafpkofÿn omim ilsfrk bljl slz zlkafpkbk ðnf) okilnrl omn la uldéo|am xkzkbm7 nm sl bljl iknrlnlzak omn la uldéo|am ln imufiflnrm. Z J 5 ; ; 8 D
KBULZRLNOFK0 la xzmvlorm bl |n uldéo|am ls omnoljfbm kor|kailnrl xkzk {|l! ln oksm bl koofblnrl! ams mo|xknrls s|ezkn la iénfim xmsfjal bl omnslo|lnofks. Xmz am rknrm! smn omnoljfbms smjzl ak jksl bl ams ksxlorms bl ‑slc|zfbkb korfuk’ v ‑slc|zfbkb xksfuk’.
Z J 8 ; 8 8 D
Z J 8 8 3 8 N L 2
Z J ; 3 ; 8 D
K K
efc. ;:
efc. ;?
efc. ;2
Ln la oksm lsxloéefom bl ams ksfln) rms! o|knbm mo|zzkn fixkorms {|l x|lbkn ok|skz blskolalzkofmnls ln nfulals ‑xlafczmsms’ k ams |s|kzfms! smn xzmvlorkbms xkzk {|l sl blemz) iln! zlb|oflnbm la nfula bl bls) kolalzkofÿn smjzl ams mo|xknrls v ‑xzlslzuënbmams xksfukilnrl’.
UMAKNRL ) efc. ;< v ;5 _l x|lbl zlc|akz ln la slnrfbm ulz) rfoka0 ;& Blsxakol ak xkaknok K dksrk ak xmsfofn :)efc. ;5. :& Zlc|al la umaknrl. ?& U|lauk k xmnlz ak xkaknok ln ak xmsfofn ;)efc. ;5 xkzk rzkjkz n|luk) ilnrl la umaknrl.
Ln rkals oksms! ak blemzikofÿn bl ams ksflnrms bljl slz omnsfblzk) bk |nk blslkbk omnslo|lnofk bla odm{|l! vk {|l ls xzlofskilnrl ln ak blemzikofÿn {|l ak lnlzcék bla fixkorm ls kjsmzjfbk. _l omnsfblzk {|l! rzks ak omnsrkrkofÿn bl lsrk blemzikofÿn! la omn`|nrm bljlzë slz s|srfr|fbm.
O|ka{|flz zlc|akofÿn bljl slz lelor|kbk omn la uldéo|am blrlnfbm. K
L_XL@M ZLRZMUF_MZ FNRLZNM ) efc. ;3 Blsxakpknbm ak xkaknok K sl mjrfl) nl0 ;& Xmsfofn knrflnoknbfaknrl. :& Xmsfofn nmzika. La lsxl`m zlrzmufsmz fnrlznm lsrë l{|fxkbm omn |n bfsxmsfrfum omnrzk ko) ofblnrls {|l am blslncknodk ln oksm bl odm{|l.
Ln ams uldéo|ams omn bfzloofÿn dfbzë|afok! nm cfzl la umaknrl bl bfzloofÿn $vk slk dkofk ak fp{|flzbk omim dkofk ak blzlodk& xmz iës bl ;< slc|nbms! xkzk nm bkûkz la sfsrlik.
Z J ; 6 8 8 D
Z J ; ; 8 8 D
Z J 3 < : 8 N L 2
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efc. ;5
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L_XL@M BL UFCFAKNOFK Lsrë |jfokbm ln la rlodm bl kac|nks ulzsfmnls! olzok bla xaken blaknrlzm! v xlzifrl ka omnb|ormz rlnlz |nk ufsfn xknmzëifok bl ams ksflnrms rzkslzms. Xkzk |rfafpkz la lsxl`m bl ufcfaknofk! blsxakpkzam bl ak xmsfofn J xkzk ak xmsfofn O)efc. ;4.
korfufbkb a|ifnmsk blaknrl v blrzës bla lsxl`m! dkoflnbm ak omixlnskofn ln) rzl amokals fa|ifnkbms | mso|zms. O|knbm ak emrmoæa|ak |jfokbk ln ak xkzrl ezmnrka bla lsxl`m! ka akbm bla fn) rlzz|xrmz! blrlork la lnoknbfakiflnrm xzmumokbm xmz aks a|ols bl ams ekzms bla uldéo|am blrzës bla s|vm! ak ifsik lnlzcfpk |nk aëifnk {|éifok bla ufbzfm! ok|sknbm la mso|zlofiflnrm v ak kjsmz) ofn bl ak a|p. Nf jfln la lnoknbfak) iflnrm bfsifn|vl! la lsxl`m u|laul k s| lsrkbm nmzika bl rzknsxkzlnofk. Omn la bfsxmsfrfum omnlorkbm! la alb ulzbl J)efc. ;6 xlziknlol lnolnbfbm! fnbfoknbm rka lsrkbm. Xzlsfmnënbmsl la jmrn K)efc. ;6 omn la bfsxmsfrfum om) nlorkbm! la alb J)efc. ;6 sl kxkck! fnbf) oknbm {|l la sfsrlik bl` bl e|nofmnkz ln la imbm k|rmiërfom.
L_XL@M ZLRZMUF_MZ FNRLZNM LALORZMOßIFOM ) efc. ;6 Xzlslnrl ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls! la lsxl`m sl x|lbl mzflnrkz ln rmbks aks bfzloofmnls. La e|nofmnkiflnrm bla lsxl`m lalorzm) ozifom lsrkzë korfum v smam slzë xmsfjal omn ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln ak xmsfofn IKZ! omnbfofn ln ak {|l la lsxl`m e|n) ofmnk ln la imbm k|rmiërfom. Ln lsrk sfr|kofn! bms emrmoæa|aks omnrzmakn ak
L_XL@M_ ZLRZMUF_MZL_ LTRLZNM_ Omn zlc|akofÿn ltrlznk ) efc. :8 Ak mzflnrkofn bla lsxl`m zlrzmufsmz sl dkol k rzkuæs bla xzmxfm o|lzxm bla lsxl`m! imufænbmam dksrk ak xmsfofn blslkbk. _f ak skaflnrl bla lsxl`m ozlk bfefo|arkbls! omim |n xksk`l lsrzlodm! okijfkz ak xmsfofÿn ;)efc. :8 xkzk ak xmsfofÿn :.
Z J 6 5 : ; N L 2
i 3 < 8 8 D 8 E
J
efc. ;4
Omim okzkorlzésrfok kbfofmnka! la ls) xl`m xkskzë k ak xmsfofn nmzika $bék& sflixzl {|l sl komxal ak ikzodk krzës! ckzknrfpknbm ak ufsfjfafbkbls ln iknfm) jzks.
i 6 < 8 8 D 8 E
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efc. ;6
efc. :8
Omn zlc|akofÿn fnrlznk ) efc. :; Xmz blnrzm bla uldéo|am! i|luk la jmrn K.
La jmrn J slaloofmnk la lsxl`m $fp) {|flzbm m blzlodm& xkzk lelor|kz ak zlc|akofn.
_l komnsl`k lelor|kz ak zlc|akofÿn omn la uldéo|am xkzkbm v omn la ezlnm bl iknm x|lsrm.
_l komnsl`k lelor|kz ak zlc|akofÿn omn la uldéo|am xkzkbm v omn la ezlnm bl iknm x|lsrm.
Omn zlc|akofÿn laorzfok ) efc. :: Ak zlc|akofn ls xmsfjal smakilnrl omn ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln ak xmsfofn IKZ. Xkzk zlc|akz la lsxl`m jksrk kxzlrkz ln ams o|krzm slnrfbms ak rloak K! |jfokbk ln ak x|lzrk bla omnb|ormz.
Ak alnrl bla lsxl`m zlrzm) ufsmz blzlodm ls xkzkjÿ) afok v k|ilnrk la okixm bl ufsfÿn. Xmz am rknrm bfsifn|vl la rkikûm bl ak fikcln! bknbm ak fixzlsfÿn {|l la mj`lrm zleal`kbm lsrë iës al`ms {|l am zlka.
OFNR\ZMNL_ BL _LC\ZFBKB OMIM \RFAFPKZ AM_ OFNR\ZMNL_ BL _LC\ZFBKB ) efc. :2 Xkzk kjzmodkzsl ams ofnr|zmnls! xmnck ak alncñlrk bl lncknodl K ln ak dljfaak J! dksrk xlzofjfz |n z|fbm bl jam{|lm. Rzks dkjlz x|lsrm ak alncñlrk ln ak dljfaak bl jam{|lm! rfzl s|kulilnrl bla ofnr|zn xkzk lafifnkz ak dmac|zk bla ifsim ln ak zlcfn kjbmifnka. _f ka skokz la ofnr|zÿn la ifsim sl rzkjk! bl`l {|l sl lnzmaal kac|nms olnréilrzms v u|lauk k skokzam sfn iknfmjzks jz|soks. Z J 4 2 ; 8 N L 2
Xkzk blskjzmodkzsl ams ofnr|zmnls! xzlsfmnl la x|askbmz O. Komixkûl la ofnr|zn iflnrzks sl lnzmaak xkzk lufrkz {|l lnrzl rmzofbm ln la okzzlrl. La ofnr|zn! k rzkuæs bla okzzlrl! sl zlc|ak k|rmikrfokilnrl k ak amncfr|b iës kblo|kbk xkzk la xksk`lzm! bënbmal afjlzrkb bl imufiflnrm. Kbliës! la iloknfsim zlrzëorfa k|rm) iërfom rzkjk la ofnr|zn okbk ulp {|l sl blsafpk zëxfbkilnrl7 ln oksm bl ezl) nkbks jz|soks7 fixkorms v o|zuks k karks ulamofbkbls.
Xkzk ikvmz slc|zfbkb! la zlsxkabm bljl xlziknlolz ln xmsfofÿn ulzrfoka! omn ak lsxkabk jfln kxmvkbk v la ofnr|zÿn jfln kbdlzfbm ka rzmnom v k aks okbl) zks. N|nok |rfafol la ofnr|zÿn omn la zlsxkabm fnoafnkbm. Nm xzlsfmnl la jmrÿn O b|zknrl ak ikzodk.
ZLC\AKOFMN LN KAR\ZK BL AM_ OFNR\ZMNL_ BL _LC\ZFBKB ) efc. :< Zlc|al sflixzl ak kar|zk bl ams ofn) r|zmnls! kbkxrënbmams k ak rkaak bl ams mo|xknrls. Lsrk xzlok|ofn x|lbl zlb|) ofz s|srknofkailnrl la zflscm bl alsfmnls ln oksm bl odm{|l. Ak zlc|akofn omzzlork sl mjrflnl o|knbm la ofnr|zn xksk! kxzmtfikbk) ilnrl! lnrzl ak ltrzlifbkb bla dmijzm v la o|laam. Ak zlc|akofn ln kar|zk rflnl 2 xmsf) ofmnls bfsrfnrks. Zlc|akofÿn dkofk kzzfjk Aluknrl ak dljfaak msofaknrl K dksrk kaoknpkz ak xmsfofn blslkbk.
Z J 6 2 ; 8 N L 2
J K
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Zlc|akofÿn dkofk kjk`m Xzlsfmnl la iknbm J! blsxakpknbm sf) i|arknlkilnrl dkofk kjk`m ak dljfaak msofaknrl K dksrk kaoknpkz ak xmsfofn blslkbk. Ka efnka bl ak mxlzkofn! omnrzmal {|l la ofnr|zn dk {|lbkbm rzkjkbm lix|) `knbm dkofk kjk`m ak dljfaak msofaknrl K sfn xzlsfmnkz la iknbm J. Ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls ak zlc|akofn ln kar|zk sl lelorðk zlimuflnbm la rmznfaam bl ef`kofn v omamoënbmam ln mrzk xmsf) ofn smjzl la xkzknrl olnrzka. Xmz am rknrm bljl slz ltrzkébm la rkxn {|l o|jzl la rmznfaam! xkzk a|lcm xmblz ltrzklz k æsrl! zlfnsrkaënbmam ln ak xm) sfofn blslkbk. Lnslc|fbk! zlomam{|l la rkxn.
LIXALM BL AM_ OFNR\ZMNL_ BL _LC\ZFBKB RZK_LZM_ Ams ofnr|zmnls bl ams x|lsrms rzksl) zms bljln kjzmodkzsl slcðn la ls{|lik fa|srzkbm ln ak efc. :5. La ofnr|zn! xmz ilbfm bla okzzlrl k|rmiërfom! sl kbkxrk k|rmiërfokiln) rl ka o|lzxm bla xksk`lzm! xlzifrflnbm afjlzrkb bl imufiflnrms. Xkzk lufrkz kjzmodkzsl ams ofnr|zmnls lzznlkilnrl! aks alncñlrks bl ams ofn) r|zmnls akrlzkals v ak dljfaak bla ofnr|) zn olnrzka $fblnrfefokbm omn ak xkakjzk OLNRLZ& smn fnomixkrfjals. Ams ofnr|zmnls bljln slz zlc|akbms bl iknlzk {|l la rzkt {|lbl zlorm v kxmvkbm omnrzk la zlsxkabm.
_l zlomiflnbk {|l lsrk mxlzkofÿn slk zlkafpkbk xmz ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr! xkzk {|l ak ef`kofÿn bla ofnr|zÿn bl slc|zf) bkb iknrlnck ak ifsik lefoflnofk. Blsx|s bl ak zlc|akofÿn! ulzfef{|l sflixzl {|l la o|z) smz ln la {|l lsr ef`kbk ak dljfaak lsr jfln rzkjkbm ln |nk bl aks xmsfofmnls xzlbfsx|lsrks.
Xkzk kxzlrkz Blsafol la ofnr|zn k rzkuæs bl ak dl) jfaak K rfzknbm bla ltrzlim J $x|lbl lelor|kzsl lsrk mxlzkofn fnoa|sm omn la ofnr|zn vk kjzmodkbm&7 Blsx|æs bl dkjlz kxzlrkbm la ofnr|) zn! blsxakol ak dljfaak B dksrk bmnbl rlzifnl s| zlomzzfbm! bl iknlzk {|l sl iknrlnckn |nfbms la ofnr|zn v ak lt) rzlifbkb ltolblnrl J.
Z J 6 3 ; 8 N L 2
J
K
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efc. :5
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B
Z J ? 3 ; 8 N L 2
Ak ltrzlifbkb ltolbln) rl bla ofnr|zÿn bl slc|zf) bkb! rzks |nk zlc|akofÿn! ksé omim ams ifsims ofnr|zmnls bl ams ksflnrms {|l nm lsræn mo|xkbms x|lbln! fnkbulzrfbkilnrl {|lbkz e|lzk bla uldéo|am blsx|æs bl {|l aks x|lzrks dkvkn sfbm olzzkbks. _l zlomiflnbk iknrlnlz ln s|s dljfaaks ams ofnr|zmnls bl slc|zfbkb rzkslzms bl ams uldéo|ams sfn okzzlrl k|rmiërfom! k|n{|l nm lsræn ln |sm! v sflixzl blsxakpkz ak dljfaak B $omim fnbfokbm& rzks dkjlz dlodm ak zlc|akofÿn bla ofnr|zÿn ka o|lzxm bla xksk`lzm.
KBULZRÀNOFK0 la ofnr|zÿn lsrë omzzlorkilnrl zlc|akbm o|knbm sl lno|lnrzk jfln kbdlzfbm k aks okblzks. Ak lefoflnofk bla ofnr|zÿn blxlnbl bfzlorkilnrl bl ak omzzlo) rk |rfafpkofÿn xmz xkzrl bla |s|kzfm. LIXALM BL AM_ OFNR\ZMNL_ BLA K_FLNRM OLNRZKA ) efc. :4 Xkzk kjzmodkzsl la ofnr|zÿn Fnrzmb|pok ak xkrfaak bl lncknodl K ln ak dljfaak J dksrk {|l mfck {|l sl dk rzkjkbm.
Xkzk keam`kz Rfzl bl ak xkzrl O! iknrlnflnbm ak dljfaak K xlzxlnbfo|akz ka ofnr|zn. Z J ; < ; 8 N L 2
O B
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L J E
efc. :4
Xkzk blskjzmodkzsl la ofnr|zÿn Xzlsfmnl la x|askbmz O. Xkzk zlc|akz la ofnr|zÿn Xkzk kxzlrkz0 blsafol la ofnr|zn ln la zlc|akbmz B! rfzknbm bla ltrzlim L $x|lbl lelor|kz lsrk mxlzkofn omn la ofnr|zn vk kjzmodkbm&. Xkzk keam`kz0 rfzl bl ak xkzrl E ikn) rlnflnbm ak dljfaak B xlzxlnbfo|akz ka ofnr|zn.
La ofnr|zÿn nm bljl lsrkz zlrmzofbm. Ak xkzrl s|xl) zfmz bljl xkskz smjzl la dmijzm v krzkulskz bfkcmnkailnrl la rÿzkt. Ak xkzrl fnelzfmz bljl lsrkz kbdlzfbk k aks okblzks v nm ka kjbmiln bla xksk`lzm! xkzk {|l lsrl nm sl blsafol dkofk kblaknrl efc. :6. Nm |rfafol bfsxmsfrfums $zlsmzrls! czkixks! slc|zms! lro.& {|l fixfbkn ak kbdlzlnofk bl ams ofnr|zmnls ka o|lzxm bl ams xksk`lzms. Nm aalul nfûms ln jzkpms |rfafpknbm |n sÿam ofnr|zÿn bl slc|zfbkb xkzk ak xzmrlo) ofÿn bl kijms efc. ?8.
CZKUL XLAFCZM0 nm omam{|l ln sln) rfbm omnrzkzfm k ak ikzodk bla uldéo|am $dkofk krzës& aks sfaafrks bl s|`lofÿn xkzk ams nfûms ln la ksflnrm bla xksk`lzm o|knbm la uldéo|am lsrë l{|fxkbm omn Kfzjkc $jmask bl kfzl& ln lsrl akbm. Z J K C
K F
KBULZRLNOFK0 sl zlomiflnbk! fnoa|sm ln la oksm bl sfaafrks xkzk ams nfûms bfzfcfbks dkofk kblaknrl! |rf) afpkz la ksflnrm rzkslzm! xlzm sf |rf) afpk la ksflnrm blaknrlzm o|knbm la uldéo|am lsrë l{|fxkbm omn Kfzjkc jmask bl kfzl& ln la akbm xksk`lzm! lix|`l omixalrkilnrl lsrl ksflnrm dkofk krzës.
Z J : 4 ; 8 N L 2
efc. :6
Ls xzlelzfjal omamokz aks sfaafrks bl s|`lofÿn ln la ksflnrm rzkslzm vk {|l ls la {|l mezlol ikvmz xzmrloofÿn ln oksm bl odm{|l. KFZJKC $JMA_K BL KFZL& AKBM XK_K@LZM Alk aks zlomilnbkofmnls smjzl Kfzjkc $jmask bl kfzl& akbm xksk`lzm ln la okxér|am ‑Kfzjkc)Blskorfukofÿn bl kfzjkc akbm xksk`lzm’. Rmbms ams ilnmzls o|vks okzkorlzés) rfoks eésfoks $lbkb! kar|zk! xlsm& als fi) xfbkn la |sm bla ofnr|zn bl slc|zfbkb bljln slz xzmrlcfbms xmz bfsxmsfrfums bl rzknsxmzrl bl nfûms kxzmxfkbms! sfc|fln) bm zfc|zmskilnrl aks fnsrz|oofmnls bla ekjzfoknrl.
Z J ; 4 ; 8 N L 2
efc. ?8
K
Z J 8 4 ; 8 N L 2
efc. ?;
La |sm bl ams ofnr|zmnls bl slc|zfbkb rkijfæn ls nlolskzfm xkzk aks i|`lzls lijkzkpkbks! rknrm xkzk laaks omim xkzk ams nfûms. Ams zflscms bl alsfmnls smn i|odm ilnmzls ln la oksm bl |n koofblnrl. Mjufkilnrl aks i|`lzls lijkzkpk) bks bljlzën xkskz ak ek`k kjbmifnka bla ofnr|zn bl iknlzk {|l xksl xmz bljk`m bla uflnrzl efc. ?;.
KBULZRLNOFK0 Efkr zlomiflnbk |rfafpkz aks sfaafrks xkzk ams nfûms bl s| Aénlk bl Koolsmzfms! {|l dkn sfbm lsxloéefokilnrl lsr|bfkbks v omnrzmakbks xkzk slz lixalkbks ln s| uldéo|am Efkr v lsrën k s| bfsxm) sfofÿn ln rmbms ams Omnolsfmnkzfms Efkr. Ak fnsrkakofÿn bl sfaafrks xkzk rzknsxmzrl bl nfûms ltfcl slc|fz zfc|zmskilnrl aks fnsrz|oofmnls bla ekjzfoknrl! {|l bljlzë s|ifnfsrzkz) aks omn aks ifsiks.
Rmbms ams bfsxmsfrfums bl s|`lofn bl) jln aalukz ams bkrms bl dmimamckofn! `|nrm omn ak ikzok bl omnrzma! ln |nk rkz`lrk jfln ef`kbk! {|l xmz nfncðn im) rfum bljl {|frkzsl. Xmz lnofik bl ams ?5 gc bl xlsm m ;!<8 i bl lsrkr|zk! ams nfûms! blsbl la x|nrm bl ufsrk bl ams sfsrliks bl s|`l) ofn! sl l{|fxkzkn k ams kb|arms v sl x|lbln kjzmodkz ams ofnr|zmnls nmz) ikals. _l bljl slc|fz zfc|zmskilnrl aks fnsrz|oofmnls bl |sm bla ekjzfoknrl bla bfsxmsfrfum bl s|`lofn |rfafpkbm.
CZ\XM 8 V 8' Ams jljæs dksrk ;? gc. bljln rzkns) xmzrkzsl ln |nk sfaak o|nk bfzfcfbk dk) ofk krzës {|l! iknrlnflnbm s|`lrk ak okjlpk! nm lse|lzpk la o|laam ln oksm bl blolalzkofmnls jz|soks. Ak o|nk lsrë ef`kbk omn ams ofnr|zm) nls bl slc|zfbkb bla uldéo|am! rka omim sl fa|srzk ln ak efc. ?? v k s| ulp bljl s|`lrkz ka jljæ omn ams ofnr|zmnls {|l lsrë l{|fxkbk. Ak efc|zk ls smakilnrl fnbfokrfuk xkzk la imnrk) `l. Imnrl ak sfaak slcðn aks fnsrz|oofmnls {|l mjafckrmzfkilnrl la ekjzfoknrl bljlzë lnrzlckz omn ak ifsik.
Z J 6 6 : 8 O E
efc. ??
Z J 8 8 ? 8 O E
efc. ?2
CZ\XM ; K xkzrfz bl ams 6 k ams ;4 gc. bl xl) sm! ams nfûms x|lbln rzknsxmzrkzsl ln |nk sfaak bfzfcfbk dkofk kblaknrl omn |n om`én knrlzfmz efc. ?2! ilbfknrl la o|ka la ofnr|zn bl slc|zfbkb bla uldéo|am s|`lrk rknrm ka nfûm omim k ak sfaak. Ak efc|zk ls smakilnrl fnbfokrfuk xkzk la imnrk) `l. Imnrl ak sfaak slcðn aks fnsrz|oofmnls {|l mjafckrmzfkilnrl la ekjzfoknrl bljlzë lnrzlckz omn ak ifsik. Ltfsrln sfaaks {|l kjkzokn ams cz|xms bl xlsm 8 v ; omn |n lncknodl xmsrlzfmz k ams ofnr|zmnls bla uldéo|am v ofnr|zmnls xzmxfms xkzk s|`lrkz ka nfûm. K ok|sk bl s| iksk! x|lbln slz xlafczmsks sf sl imnrkn ika kjzmodkbks k ams ofn) r|zmnls bla uldéo|am $xmz l`lixam! fnrlzxmnflnbm |n om`én&. Zlsxlrl lsoz|x|amskilnrl aks fnsrz|oofmnls bl imnrk`l {|l sl lnrzlckn omn ak ifsik.
CZ\XM : K xkzrfz bl ams ;< k ams :< gc. bl xlsm! nms nfûms x|lbln kjzmodkzsl bfzlork) ilnrl ams ofnr|zmnls bl slc|zfbkb bla uldéo|am. Aks sfaaks rflnln sam ak e|n) ofn bl omamokz omzzlorkilnrl ka nfûm zlsxlorm k ams ofnr|zmnls! bl emzik {|l la rzkim bfkcmnka sl k`|srl ka rzkt v n|nok ka o|laam v la rzkim dmzfpmnrka sl k`|srl k aks okblzks v nm ka kjbmiln bla nfûm efc. ?<. Ak efc|zk ls smakilnrl fnbfokrfuk xkzk la imnrk) `l. Imnrl ak sfaak slcðn aks fnsrz|oofmnls {|l mjafckrmzfkilnrl la ekjzfoknrl bljlzë lnrzlckz omn ak ifsik.
CZ\XM ? K xkzrfz bl ams :: k ams ?5 gc. bl xlsm! la lsxlsmz bla rzkt bla nfûm vk ls rka! {|l nm ls nlolskzfm la zlsxkabm slxkzkbmz. Ak efc. ?5 fa|srzk |n l`lixam bl ak xmsfofn omzzlork bla nfûm ln la ksflnrm rzkslzm. Xmz lnofik bl ;!<8 i bl lsrkr|zk! ams nfûms x|lbln kjzmodkzsl ams ofnr|zmnls nmzikals ka fc|ka {|l ams kb|arms. Ak efc|zk ls smakilnrl fnbfokrfuk xkzk la imnrk) `l. Imnrl ak sfaak slcðn aks fnsrz|oofmnls {|l mjafckrmzfkilnrl la ekjzfoknrl bljlzë lnrzlckz omn ak ifsik.
Z J ; 8 ? 8 O E
efc. ?<
Z J : 8 ? 8 O E
efc. ?5
K omnrfn|kofÿn! sl zls|iln aks nmziks bl slc|zfbkb {|l bljln zls) xlrkzsl xkzk rzknsxmzrkz nfûms0 ;& Ak xmsfofn komnsl`kbk xkzk ak fnsrkakofn bl aks sfaaks xkzk ams nfûms ls ln la ksflnrm rzkslzm! vk {|l ls ak xmsfofn {|l mezlol ikvmz xzmrloofn ln oksm bl odm{|l. _f la uldéo|am lsrë l{|fxkbm omn Kfzjkc ln la akbm xksk`lzm! nm omam) {|l ln la ksflnrm blaknrlzm ak sfaak xkzk ams nfûms! vk {|l nm bljlzën ufk`kz n|nok ln lsrl ksflnrm.
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:& O|knbm sl blskorfuk la Kfzjkc bla akbm xksk`lzm! ls fixzlsofnbfjal {|l omixz|ljl! ilbfknrl la omzzlsxmn) bflnrl rlsrfcm A sfr|kbm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms! {|l ak blskorfukofn dk rlnfbm a|ckz. ?& Zlsxlrl lsoz|x|amskilnrl aks fnsrz|oofmnls {|l la ekjzfoknrl mjafck) rmzfkilnrl bljlzë lnrzlckz omn ak sfaak. C|kzbl lsrks fnsrz|oofmnls ln la uldé) o|am `|nrm omn ams bmo|ilnrms v lsrl ikn|ka. Nm |rfafol sfaaks |skbks {|l nm rlnckn aks fnsrz|oofmnls bl |sm. 2& Omixz|ljl sflixzl rfzknbm bl ak ofnrk {|l la ofnr|zn sl dkvk kjzmodkbm xlzelorkilnrl.
XZLRLN_MZL_ Xkzk zlemzpkz ak koofn bl xzmrloofn bl ams ofnr|zmnls bl slc|zfbkb blaknrl) zms! la uldéo|am Efkr Fblk lsrë xzmufsrm bl xzlrlnsmzls o|knbm lsrë l{|fxkbm rkijfæn omn la Kfzjkc. Lsrms bfsxmsf) rfums ‑sflnrln’! k rzkuæs bl |n slnsmz! {|l sl lsrë xzmb|oflnbm |nk omafsfn ufmalnrk v bfsifn|vln ak amncfr|b bla ofnr|zn kac|nms olnréilrzms. Bl lsrl imbm ckzknrfpkn ak xlzelork kbdlzlnofk bl ams ofnr|zmnls ka o|lzxm bl ams mo|xknrls! knrls bl {|l fnfofl ak koofn bl s|`lofn. O|knbm ams okzzlrls sl rzkjkn {|flzl blofz {|l la xzlrlnsmz dk sfbm korfukbm. La ofnr|zn nm sl kakz) ck nf sf{|flzk rfzknbm bl æa.
Ams xzlrlnsmzls nm nlolsfrkn iknrl) nfiflnrm nf a|jzfokofn. O|ka{|flz im) bfefokofn bl s| lsrkbm mzfcfnka kn|ak s| j|ln e|nofmnkiflnrm. Ls kjsma|rkilnrl nlolskzfm s|srfr|fz la bfsxmsfrfum ln la oksm {|l lnrzl kc|k m jkzzm bljfbm k elnilnms krimseæzfoms rkals omim fn|nbkofmnls! ikzl`kbks! lro. Xkzk kslc|zkz ak iëtfik xzmrloofn bl ak koofn bl ams xzlrlnsmzls! kjz) odlsl la ofnr|zn rlnfænbmam jfln kb) dlzfbm ka rzmnom v k aks okblzks.
Lsrë rlzifnknrliln) rl xzmdfjfbm blsimnrkz m iknfx|akz ams omixmnlnrls bla xzlrlnsmz. O|ka{|flz fnrlzuln) ofÿn bljl slz zlkafpkbk xmz xlzsmnka lsxlofkafpkbm v k|rmzfpkbm. Bfzé`ksl sflixzl k |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr. La xzlrlnsmz sl x|lbl |rf) afpkz |nk smak ulp. Xmz am rknrm! blsx|æs bl s| korfuk) ofÿn! bfzé`ksl k |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr xkzk {|l am s|srf) r|vkn. Ak ukafblp bla bfsxmsfrfum lsrë fnbfokbk ln ak lrf{|lrk kbdlsfuk |jfokbk ln ak rkxk bl ak c|knrlzk v! xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! ln ak xkzrl fnrlznk bla okxÿ. Rlnck krlnofÿn zlsxlorm ka xakpm bl ukafblp v bfzé) `ksl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr xkzk ak s|srfr|ofÿn bla bfsxmsfrfum.
Cmaxls! ufjzkofmnls v k|ilnrm bl ak rlixlzkr|zk $s|xlzfmzls k ;88°O v xmz am ilnms b|zknrl 5 dmzks& amokaf) pkbms ln ak pmnk bl ams xzlrlnsmzls x|lbln xzmumokz s| korfukofÿn m sl x|lbln bkûkz7 nm dkv xlafczm bl {|l sl korfuln bljfbm k aks ufjzkofmnls xzmb|ofbks xmz aks fzzlc|akzfbkbls bl ak okzzlrlzk m o|knbm sl s|xlzkn koofblnrkailnrl xl{|lûms mjsrëo|) ams omim ulzlbks! lro. Bfzé`ksl k |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr sflixzl {|l bljk zlkafpkz kac|nk zlxkzkofÿn ln ams xzlrlnsmzls.
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RKJALZM BL FN_RZ\ILNRM_ Ak bfsxmnfjfafbkb v xmsfofn bl ams fnsrz|ilnrms v bl ams rlsrfcms x|lbl ukzfkz ln e|nofn bl aks ulzsfmnls v l{|fxms mxofmnkals kb{|fzfbms-bfsxmnfjals. Z J 4 < ; 8 D
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;& Bfe|smzls bl kfzl akrlzkals zlc|akjals v mzflnrkjals ) :& Xkaknok bl omiknbm bl aks a|ols ltrlznks ) ?& Jmofnk $Oaktmn& ) 2& O|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms v rlsrfcms $a|ols bl kbulzrlnofk&) <& Xkaknok bl omnrzma bla afixfkxkzkjzfsks v afixfka|nlrk $afi) xfkbmz bl ulnrknk rzkslzk& ) 5& Bfe|smzls bl kfzl zlc|akjals mzflnrkjals olnrzkals ) 3& Omnrzmals ) 4& Jzð`|ak $Fblk Kbulnr|zl& ) 6& Fnoafnilrzm rzknsulzska $Fblk Kbulnr|zl& ) ;8& Fnoafnilrzm amncfr|bfnka $Fblk Kbulnr|zl& ) ;;& Zkbfm $k|rmlsræzlm& ) ;:& Fnrlzz|xrmz bl aks a|ols bl lilzclnofk ) ;?& Kfzjkc $jmask bl kfzl& bla akbm bla xksk`lzm m c|knrlzk s|xlzfmz ) ;2& C|knrlzk ) ;<& Omnrzmals bl ulnrfakofn ) ;5& Omnrzmals bla Iv Okz ) ;3& Omni|rkbmz bl kzzkn{|l ) ;4& Kfzjkc $jmask bl kfzl& bla akbm bla omnb|ormz ) ;6& Xkaknok xkzk kjzfz la okx bla imrmz $omezl& ) :8& Rkxk bl koolsm k ak ok`k bl e|sfjals v xmzrkmj`lrms.
O\KBZM BL FN_RZ\ILNRM_ La o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms ukzék ln e|nofn bla imblam-ulzsfn kb{|fzfbm v bl ams mxofmnkals. J
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K ) Ulamoéilrzm. J ) Fnbfokbmz bla nfula bl omij|srfjal omn slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm bl zlslzuk. O ) Fnbfokbmz bl rlixlzkr|zk bla aé{|fbm zlezfclzknrl bla imrmz. B ) O|lnrku|larks $rkoilrzm& $zxi&. L ) Bfsxakv lalorznfom $slcðn ak ulzsfn-imblam&.
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FBLK KBULNR\ZL La o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms ukzék ln e|nofn bla imblam-ulzsfn kb{|fzfbm v bl ams mxofmnkals.
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K ) Ulamoéilrzm. J ) Fnbfokbmz bla nfula bl omij|srfjal omn slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm bl zlslzuk. O ) Fnbfokbmz bl rlixlzkr|zk bla aé{|fbm zlezfclzknrl bla imrmz. B ) O|lnrku|larks $rkoilrzm& $zxi&. L ) Bfsxakv lalorznfom $slcðn ak ulzsfn-imblam&. La xkrzn v ak oknrfbkb bl okzkorlzls bl ams ilnsk`ls ltdfjfbms ukzékn slcðn la rfxm bl bfsxakv v ams l{|fxms mxofmnkals xzlslnrls ln la uldéo|am.
FN_RZ\ILNRM_ BLA ULDFO\AM
FNBFOKBMZ BLA NFULA BL OMIJ\_RFJAL ) efc. 2; Ak kc|`k fnbfok ak oknrfbkb bl omi) j|srfjal {|l dkv ln la blxsfrm. La slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm bl zlslzuk K lnolnbfbm fnbfok {|l ln la blxsfrm {|lbkn rmbkuék bl
ULAMOFILRZM $FNBFOKBMZ BL ULAMOFBKB& ) efc. 28 La gfamilrzk`l xkzofka v rmrka! ksé om) im ak x|lsrk k olzm x|lbln slz ufsrms k rzkuæs bla bfsxakv.
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Ulz mjslzukofmnls ln la kxkzrkbm ‑Lsrkofmnkiflnrm’ $xëc. J)?&
FNBFOKBMZ BL RLIXLZKR\ZK BLA AF[\FBM ZLEZFCLZKNRL ) efc. 2: Nmzikailnrl ak kc|`k bla rlziil) rzm bljl lsrkz sfr|kbk ln la olnrzm bl ak lsokak. _f sl kolzok ka slormz zm`m! {|flzl blofz {|l sl lsrë emzpknbm bliksfkbm la imrmz v dkv {|l zlb|ofz ak bliknbk bl s|s xzlsrkofmnls. Z J 5 6 8 8 D
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Kbulzrlnofk0 _f la fnbfokbmz bla nfula bl omij|srfjal r|uflsl ak a|p rlsrfcm blsrlaaknbm! ls slûka bl |n e|nofmnkiflnrm knmzika. Ln lsrl oksm bfzé`ksl k ak Zlb Ksfsrlnofka Efkr.
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Fnoa|sm ufk`knbm k |nk ulamofbkb bl) iksfkbm jk`k v omn |n oafik i|v ok) a|zmsm! ak kc|`k rkijfæn x|lbl sfr|kzsl ln la slormz zm`m. Ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls sl lnoflnbl |n rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms. Lsm fnbfok ltolsfuk rlixlzkr|zk bla aé{|fbm bl zlezfclzk) ofn. Ak xmsfofn bla rlsrfcm fnbfokbmz bl rlixlzkr|zk x|lbl ukzfkz slcðn ak ulzsfn bla uldéo|am v bla o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms.
_f la imrmz e|nofmnk sfn la aé{|fbm zlezfclzknrl! s| uldéo|am xmbzë s|ezfz czkuls bkûms. Ln rkals oksms! aks zlxkzkofmnls nm slzën kixkzkbks xmz ak ckzknrék.
Kbulzrlnofk0 sf la fnbfokbmz lsr|) uflzk ln la fnfofm bl lsokak $rlixlzk) r|zk jk`k& omn la slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm K)efc. 2: bl ltolsm bl rlixlzkr|zk! m omn la slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm \ bla sfsrlik bl fnvloofÿn lnolnbfbm! ls slûka bl knmikaék ln la sfsrlik. Ln lsl oksm! bfzé`ksl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr.
KBULZRLNOFK0 la sfsrlik bl omnrzma bl ak fnvloofÿn lalorzÿnfok jam{|lk xzmczlsfukilnrl la ea|`m bl omij|srfjal o|knbm la imrmz lsrë ‑smjzl la aéifrl bl zluma|ofmnls’! omn omnsfc|flnrl xæzbfbk bl xmrln) ofk bla imrmz ifsim. Mjslzukofmnls0 zxi ) zluma|ofmnls xmz ifn|rm
O\LNRKU\LARK_ $RKOMILRZM& ) efc. 2? Ak kc|`k ln la slormz zm`m fnbfok |n zæcfiln bl z.x.i. bliksfkbm lalukbm {|l xmbzék bkûkz ka imrmz. Xmz am rknrm! ls |nk iknfmjzk {|l sl bljl lufrkz.
Ln oksm bl smjzlokalnrk) iflnrm! kxkc|l la imrmz v bfzé`ksl k |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr.
JZÐ@\AK ) efcs. 22 v 2< Xkzk ak ulzsfn Fblk Kbulnr|zl! lsrë xzlufsrk |nk jzð`|ak xkzk mzflnrkofn K)efc. 2<. Lsrl fnsrz|ilnrm fnbfok ak bfzloofn xmz ilbfm bl albs knkzkn`kbms |jfok) bms ln ak lsokak.
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Ln ak lsokak lsrën xzlslnrls rkijfæn ams x|nrms okzbfnkals $N& Nmzrl! $_& s|z! $L& Lrl! $S& Mlrl v am omakrlzk) al $nS& nmzmlrl! $nL& nmzblrl! $sL& s|zlrl v $sS& s|zmlrl.
KBULZRLNOFK0 ak efnkafbkb bl ak fnbfokofÿn bl ak jzð`|ak ls smak) ilnrl xkzk zlelzlnofk. _| xzlslnofk nm bljl fnb|ofz la omnb|ormz k bfzfcfzsl v rzknsfrkz xmz zlcfmnls blsomnmofbks! omnefknbm ðnfokiln) rl ln aks fnbfokofmnls bl ak jzð`|ak! fnblxlnbflnrlilnrl bl {|l rlnck omnmofiflnrms bl fnrlzxzlrkofÿn bl fnsrz|ilnrms bl nkulckofÿn. KBULZRLNOFK0 blaknrl bl ak xzl) slnofk bl okixms ikcnærfoms bl kixafr|b lalukbk $zlbls bl bfsrzfj|) ofÿn s|jrlzzënlk! rlaæemnms ola|ak) zls! knrlnks bl ZE! lro.&! ak jzð`|ak x|lbl xzlslnrkz ukzfkofmnls ln s| fnbfokofÿn nmzika. Lsm mo|zzl bljf) bm k aks okzkorlzésrfoks omnsrz|orf) uks bl lsl fnsrz|ilnrm! {|l dkoln omn {|l sl omixmzrl ltkorkilnrl omim |nk jzð`|ak fiknrkbk.
FNOAFNßILRZM_ ) efcs. 22 v 2< Xkzk ak ulzsfn Fblk Kbulnr|zl! ls) rën xzlufsrms bms fnoafnilrzms! |nm bl laams xkzk ak xmsfofn akrlzka J)efc. 2< v mrzm xkzk ak xmsfofn amncfr|bfnka O)efc. 2<. Ams fnoafnilrzms lsrën czkb|kbms bl ;8 ln ;8 czkbms! ln |nk lsokak bl '28 k )28 czkbms. Ams lelorms bl ak kolalzkofn bfnëifok $xzmb|ofbms ln cfzms! kolalzk) ofmnls m ezlnkbk& smn zlcfsrzkbms xmz ams fnsrz|ilnrms {|l! ln lsks sfr|kofmnls! ams fnbfokn zlxzlslnrknbm ak ukzfkofn bl kolalzkofn smjzl la uldéo|am. Omn la omixmzrkiflnrm lsrërfom bla uldéo|am $fnelzfmz k 8!;4 C bl kolalzk) ofn& aks fnoafnkofmnls bl ams fnoafnil) rzms slzën omdlzlnrls omn ak fnoafnkofn bla uldéo|am $ulk aks zlomilnbkofm) nls ln ak xëc. J)4&.
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KBULZRLNOFK0 ams fnoafnÿilrzms sÿam fnbfokn ak fnoafnkofÿn bla uldé) o|am! sfn omnrzmakzak. Lsrk e|nofÿn ls lsxloéefok bla omnb|ormz. KBULZRLNOFK0 aks fnbfokofmnls bl ams fnoafnÿilrzms sfzuln ltoa|) sfukilnrl omim zlelzlnofk. Nm sl bljl |rfafpkzaks xkzk la rzënsfrm ln amokals xkzk ams o|kals la uldéo|am nm e|l xzmvlorkbm! bljfbm k ams zflscms fnifnlnrls. Okafjzkofÿn bl ak jzð`|ak v bl ams fn) oafnÿilrzms _f ak jzð`|ak v ams fnoafnilrzms xzl) slnrkn kac|nk kulzék! ams albs sl lnofln) bln. _f nm dkv nfnc|nk kulzék! ams albs lixlpkzën k blsrlaakz omnrfn|kilnrl! fnbfoknbm {|l ams fnsrz|ilnrms lsrën blsokafjzkbms. Xkzk okafjzkz ak jzð`|ak v ams fnoafn) ilrzms! xzmolbk bl ak sfc|flnrl iknl) zk0 ) Omam{|l la uldéo|am smjzl |n xfsm xaknm7 ) Olzofzlsl bl {|l la uldéo|am lsræ xkzkbm7
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) Omam{|l ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln IKZ. ) Koofmnl rzls ulols ak xkaknok bl a|p bl xmsfofn! ln dksrk ;< slc|nbms. ) Omnb|pok la uldéo|am ln oézo|am xmz bms u|larks omixalrks xkzk lelor|kz ak okafjzkofn bl ak jzð`|ak. O|knbm ams albs bl`kn bl blsrlaakz! ams n|lums ukamzls smn czkjkbms k|rm) iërfokilnrl v aks fnemzikofmnls bla bfsxakv bl ak jzð`|ak smn kor|kafpkbks. ) Xkzl la uldéo|am xkzk zlkafpkz ak slo|lnofk bl okafjzkofn bl ams fnoaf) nilrzms. ) Ln dksrk ;< slc|nbms! lnoflnbk v kxkc|l rzls ulols aks a|ols bl xmsfofn! xkzk lelor|kz ak okafjzkofn bl ams fnoaf) nilrzms. Ams albs blsrlaakn b|zknrl bms slc|n) bms v ams n|lums ukamzls bl okafjzkofn smn czkjkbms. O|knbm ams albs bl`kn bl blsrlaakz! aks fnemzikofmnls smn ko) r|kafpkbks ln la bfsxakv bl ams fnoafn) ilrzms.
mezlpok ak slc|zfbkb nlolskzfk xkzk omnb|ofz la uldéo|am ln oézo|ams. Nm lelorðl la xzmolbf) iflnrm bl okafjzkofÿn bl ams fnsrz|ilnrms ln ëzlks olzoknks k s|jlsrkofmnls bl lnlzcék laæorzfok m k aénlks laæorzfoks bl kark rlnsfÿn. Nm kolz{|l rlaæemnms iÿufals k ak jzð`|ak v k ams fnoafnÿilrzms. Aks slûkals lifrfbks xmz lsls kxkzkrms xmbzékn clnlzkz fnrlzelzlnofk ln la e|nofmnkiflnrm bl ams fnsrz|iln) rms. Xmzrkl{|fxk`ls nm mzfcfnkals! z|l) bks bl zlx|lsrms ln amokals fnkbl) o|kbms $ln la rlodm& v mrzks okzcks x|lbln blslsrkjfafpkz la uldéo|am!
vk {|l ams ukamzls xzllsrkjalofbms aalukn ln omnsfblzkofÿn smakilnrl la xlsm bla uldéo|am! sfn ams kool) smzfms. BF_XAKV LALORZMNFOM ) efc. 25 La xkrzn v ak oknrfbkb bl okzkorlzls bl ams ilnsk`ls ltdfjfbms ukzékn slcðn la rfxm bl bfsxakv! ak ulzsfn- imblam bla uldéo|am v ams l{|fxms mxofmnkals xzlslnrls ln la ifsim. K omnrfn|kofn sl blsozfjl ams bfsrfnrms rfxms bl bfsxakv v la rfxm bl fnemzikofn {|l okbk |nm x|lbl s|ifnfsrzkz0 Bfsxakv ;0 Fblmczkiks! fnemzikofm) nls n|iæzfoks v jzluls ilnsk`ls bl rltrms. Bfsxakv :0 Fblmczkiks! fnemzikofm) nls n|iæzfoks v ilnsk`ls bl rltrm. Z J 2 ? ; 8 D
KBULZRLNOFK_ Olzofÿzlsl bl {|l la ëzlk lsomcfbk xkzk lelor|kz ak okafjzkofÿn slk xaknk v
efc. 25
JMRMNL_ BL IKNBM ) efcs. 23 v 24 Xkzk kxzmulodkz ak fnemzikofn {|l mezlol! xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! la bfsxakv $omn aakul ln ak xmsfofn IKZ& ls nlolskzfm ln xzfilz a|ckz! {|l sl ekifafkzfol omn ams jmrmnls bl iknbm $|jfokbms ln ak xkzrl olnrzka bla rkjalzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms v ln ak xkzrl s|xlzfmz bl ak xkaknok blzlodk xkzk ak e|nofn rzfx omix|rlz&! |rfafpënbmams ln aks imbkafbkbls {|l sl blsozfjln k omnrfn|kofn. Kbliës! sl komnsl`k {|l alk krlnrkilnrl rmbm lsrl okxér|am knrls bl {|l zlkafol |nk mxlzkofn. Rloak IMBL ) efc. 23 Xzlsfÿn fnelzfmz k : slc|nbms xlzifrl0 ) Lnrzkz m skafz bla ilnð ‑Iv Okz’. ) Omnefzikz ak zlc|akofn m ak e|nofn slaloofmnkbk. ) Fnrlzz|ixfz ak ufs|kafpkofn bl ams ilnsk`ls bl kbulz) rlnofk ln la bfsxakv! o|knbm lsræn xzlslnrls. Xzlsfÿn s|xlzfmz k : slc|nbms xlzifrl0 ) _kafz bla ilnð ‑Iv Okz’! ilimzfpknbm aks zlc|akofmnls zlkafpkbks v umauflnbm k ak fnbfokofn bl ak ‑xëcfnk lsrënbkz’ m k ak xëcfnk ufs|kafpkbk knrlzfmzilnrl. Rloaks Ü! Ò Xkzk slaloofn bl aks mxofmnls bla ilnð ‑Iv Okz’! efc. 23 zlc|akofmnls bl aks e|nofmnls! bfiifnc v zlc|akofn bl ak slnsfjfafbkb bla sfsrlik k|rm akix $slnsmz bl a|ifnmsfbkb ltrlznk-ozlx|so|akz ) k|rm akix&. Z J 5 8 ? 8 D
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Rloak RZFX ) efc. 24 ) Xzlsfn fnelzfmz k : slc|nbms! fnbfokbk xmz k ln ams sfc|flnrls ls{|liks xkzk blsafpkz aks bfelzlnrls xëcfnks zlakofmnkbks omn la mzblnkbmz bl ufk`l $rzfx omix|rlz&. ) Xzlsfn s|xlzfmz k : slc|nbms xkzk xmnlz k olzm $zlslr& aks fnemzikofmnls rzfx.
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‑Iv OKZ EFKR’ ILN\ BL _LR\X
La bfsxakv ltdfjl aks fnemzikofm) nls ðrfals v nlolskzfks b|zknrl ak omnb|oofÿn0
FNEMZIKOFMNL_ LN LA BF_XAKV ) Fnbfokofn bl ak xlzfmbfofbkb bla iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm $gfamil) rzk`l {|l ekark xkzk ak zlufsfn& m kbulz) FNEMZIKOFMNL_ XZL_LNRL_ LN AK rlnofk bla ulnofiflnrm bl ak xztfik zlufsfn! omn blsrlaam bla slûkakbmz XKCFNK L_RKNBKZ a|ifnmsm ü. ) O|lnrkgfailrzms rmrka-xkzofka $B) ) Fnbfokofn bl ak xlzfmbfofbkb bla efc. 26&. iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm $béks {|l ) Zlam` $O)efc. 26&. ekarkn xkzk ak zlufsfn& m kbulzrlnofk bla ) Rlixlzkr|zk ltrlzfmz $J)efc. 26&. ulnofiflnrm bl ak xztfik zlufsfn! omn blsrlaam bla slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm ü. ) Elodk $K)efc. 26&. _lcðn ak ulzsfn bla uldéo|am rkijfæn Omn ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l e|lzk bla omni|rkbmz! ka kjzfz m olzzkz |nk bl xmbzën slz ufs|kafpkbms ln la bfsxakv0 aks x|lzrks blaknrlzks! la bfsxakv sl fa|) ) Fnemzikofmnls bla mzblnkbmz bl ifnk! ufs|kafpknbm la o|lnrkgfailrzms ufk`l $RZFX OMIX\RLZ&. rmrka v la zlam`. ) Zlc|akofn bl ak fnrlnsfbkb a|if) nmsk bl ams iknbms fnrlznms. ) Ilnð Iv Okz. ) Ilnsk`ls bl kbulzrlnofk-kulzéks.
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_l komnsl`k {|l rmbk xzmczkik) ofÿn blslkbk slk l`lo|rkbk omn la uldéo|am xkzkbm. KBULZRLNOFK0 la nðilzm bl aks mxofmnls bla ilnð lsrë zlakofmnkbm omn la l{|fxkiflnrm bla uldéo|am. AK_ E\NOFMNL_ _MN0
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Lsrl ilnð! bfsxmnfjal ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls! xlzifrl ak xlzsmnkafpkofn v omnefc|zkofn bla uldéo|am.
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efc. 26
AFIFRL BL ULAMOFBKB ) Korfukofn-blskorfukofn bl ak slûkafpkofn omzzlsxmnbflnrl $MN- MEE&. ) Xzmczkikofn bl ak ulamofbkb aéif) rl.
ZLC\AKOFMN BL AK _LN_FJFAFBKB BLA _LN_MZ OZLX\_O\AKZ $K|rm Akix& ) Zlc|akofn $slcðn ? nfulals& zlelzf) bk k ak slnsfjfafbkb bla slnsmz bl a|if) nmsfbkb ltrlznk.
ZLXLRFOFMN BL AK_ FNEMZIKOFMNL_ BL AK ZKBFM $ln e|nofÿn bl ak ulzsfÿn bla uldéo|am v bla imblam bl ak zkbfm& ) Korfukofn $MN&0 zlxlrfofn bl aks fnemzikofmnls k|bfm ln la bfsxakv bla o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms. KORFUKOFMN BLA RZFX J ) Blskorfukofn $MEE&0 kn|akofn bl ) Korfukofn-blskorfukofn $MN- ak zlxlrfofn bl aks fnemzikofmnls bl ak zkbfm ln la bfsxakv bla o|kbzm bl fnsrz|) MEE& bl ak e|nofn omzzlsxmnbflnrl. ilnrms. ZLC\AKOFMN BLA ZLAM@ KRLNOFMN0 la bfsxakv ltdfjl ) Zlc|akofn bl ak dmzk. fnemzikofmnls zlakofmnkbks omn ak ) Zlc|akofn bl ams ifn|rms. zkbfm ðnfokilnrl sf la imblam bl ak ifsik ls la mzfcfnka imnrkbm xmz Efkr. IMBM ZLAM@ ) _laloofn bl ak zlc|akofn bla zlam` ln imbkafbkb ;: m :2 dmzks. K\RM AMOG Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls la sfsrlik xm) ZLC\AKOFMN BL AK ELODK bzë slz dkjfafrkbm m blsdkjfafrkbm. ) Zlc|akofn bla kûm. Xkzk aks ulzsfmnls {|l xmslln jam) {|lm bl aks x|lzrks! la sfsrlik k|rm amog ) Zlc|akofn bla ils. ls sflixzl korfum. ) Zlc|akofn bla bék.
) Korfukofn $MN&0 fnrlzuflnl la jam) {|lm k|rmiërfom bl aks x|lzrks o|knbm la uldéo|am s|xlzk ams :8 gi-d. ) Blskorfukofn $MEE&0 nm fnrlzuflnl la jam{|lm k|rmiërfom bl aks x|lz) rks o|knbm la uldéo|am s|xlzk ams :8 gi-d.
KBULZRLNOFK0 ln oksm bl {|l e|lsl nlolskzfm zlkafpkz |nk xz|ljk omn la uldéo|am smjzl la jknom bl zmbfaams! zlo|lzbl blskorfukz $MEE& ak zlc|akofÿn bla oflzzl olnrzkafpkbm k|rmiërfom omn la uldéo|am ln ikz) odk $K\RM AMOG&! vk {|l! ln oksm omnrzkzfm! fnrlzulnbzék la jam{|lm k|rmiërfom bl aks x|lzrks ln o|knrm la uldéo|am s|xlzl ams :8 gi-d! omn ak omnsfc|flnrl fixmsfjfafbkb bl koolblz ka dkjfrëo|am. Kbliës! sl komnsl`k {|l lelorðl bfodk xz|ljk omn ams ufbzfms kjflzrms! bl iknl) zk {|l sl x|lbk koolblz bl rmbks emziks ka dkjfrëo|am! ln oksm bl {|l ak blskorfukofÿn bla jam{|lm bl aks x|lzrks nm dkvk sfbm zlkafpkbk omzzlorkilnrl.
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\NFBKB BL ILBFBK ‑BF_RKNOFK’ ) _laloofn bl ak |nfbkb bl ilbfbk bla o|lnrkgfailrzms v bl aks fnemzik) ofmnls bla mzblnkbmz bl ufk`l $rzfx omi) x|rlz&0 gi-if. \NFBKB BL ILBFBK ‑OMN_\IM’ ) _laloofn bl ak |nfbkb bl ilbfbk omzzlsxmnbflnrl ka omns|im bl omi) j|srfjal $gi-a ) ;-;88 gi m ixc& slcðn ak |nfbkb bl ilbfbk slaloofmnkbk kn) rlzfmzilnrl $gi. m if& \NFBKB BL ILBFBK ‑RLIXLZKR\ZK’ ) _laloofn bl aks sfc|flnrls |nfbk) bls bl ilbfbk0 ¸O m| ¸E.
_LALOOFMN BLA FBFMIK IKNRLNFIFLNRM XZMCZKIKBM ) _laloofn bla fbfmik omzzlsxmn) ) Ufs|kafpkofn bla ulnofiflnrm bl ak bflnrl k ams ilnsk`ls {|l sl ufs|kafpkn xztfik zlufsfn m s|srfr|ofn kn|ka bla ln la bfsxakv. kolfrl bla imrmz $ln gfailrzms m béks&! zlakofmnkbk bfzlorkilnrl omn la xakn bl iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm. ZLC\AKOFMN UMA\ILN BL AK_ _LÛKAL_ KO\_RFOK_ KULZÉK_KBULZRLNOFK_ _KAFBK BLA ILN\ ) Zlc|akofn bla uma|iln bl aks sl) ) _kafbk bla ilnð. ûkals koðsrfoks omzzlsxmnbflnrls k aks knmikaéks-kbulzrlnofks. _l komnsl`k {|l o|ka{|flz xzmczkikofÿn slk l`lo|rkbk ZLC\AKOFMN BLA UMA\ILN BL omn la uldéo|am xkzkbm. AM_ JMRMNL_ ) Zlc|akofn v lulnr|ka ltoa|sfn bla uma|iln bl ams jmrmnls.
OMNRZMA FNFOFKA Ka cfzkz ak aakul bl omnrkorm k IKZ! la bfsxakv ufs|kafpk la ilnsk`l rlsr ln o|zsm0 sfcnfefok {|l dk omilnpkbm ak eksl bl bfkcnmsfs bl rmbms ams sfsrliks lalorznfoms xzlslnrls ln la uldéo|am7 lsrk eksl b|zk kac|nms slc|nbms. _f b|zknrl lsrk eksl nm sl lno|lnrzkn knmikaéks v! omn la imrmz ln ikzodk ! ln la bfsxakv sl ufs|kafpk rlsr. MG. Ln oksm bl {|l la bfsxakv ufs|kafol |n ilnsk`l bl knmikaék! omns|arl aks fnbfokofmnls bla kxkzrkbm rLsrfcms v sLûkafpkofmnLs ln la xzlslnrl okxér|am.
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F xakn bL iknrLnfifLnrm xzmczkikbm bLa uLdéo|am dk xzlufsrm mxlzkofmnls bl iknrlnfiflnrm okbk :8.888 gi $m okbk ;8.888 gi& ulz ‑Xakn bl ikn) rlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm’ v kbulzrlnofks lsxlofkals ln la okxér|am ‑Iknrlnfiflnrm bla uldéo|am’ . Ak ltdfjfofn bl fnemzikofmnls omn zlakofn k aks mxlzkofmnls bl iknrlnfiflnrm $ltolxrm zlufsfn bl okzzmolzék& sl ufs|kafpk k|rmiërfokilnrl omn ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln ak xmsfofn IKZ! k omnrkz bl ams :.888 gi {|l ekarkn xkzk ak zlufsfn m okbk ?8 béks bl ak s|srfr|ofn kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz v slzë ufs|kafpkbk okbk :88 gi $xkzk zlufsfn& m ? béks $xkzk okijfm kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz&. O|knbm la iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm $zlufsfn& sl lsræ kolzoknbm ka ulnofiflnrm xzlufsrm! ka cfzkz ak aakul k ak xmsfofn IKZ! ln la bfsxakv sl ufs|kafpkzë la ilnsk`l ‑_lzufol’ xkzk la iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm v ‑_lzu. Kn|ka’ xkzk ak s|srfr|ofn kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz! slc|fbm xmz la nðilzm bl gfailrzms $gi& m ln ifaaks $if&! m jfln ln béks $b& {|l ekarkn xkzk la iknrlnfiflnrm bla uldéo|am. Bfzé`ksl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr ! {|l zlkafpkzë! kbliës bl aks mxlzkofmnls bl iknrlnfiflnrm xzlufsrks xmz la ‑Xakn bl iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm’ m xmz la ‑Xakn bl zlufsfn kn|ka’! ak x|lsrk k olzm $zlslr& bl ak ufs|kafpkofn bl rflixm m gfailrzms xkzk ak xztfik s|srfr|ofn kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz m iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm. La omnrlm bla rflixm xkzk ltdfjfofÿn bla ilnsk`l bl s|srfr|ofÿn kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz lixlpkz blsbl la imilnrm ln {|l la uldéo|am dkvk zlomzzfbm :88 gi omim iénfim .
KRLNOFßN0 ams xakpms v gfamilrzk`ls lsrkjalofbms xkzk zlkafpkofÿn bl zlufsfmnls x|lbln okijfkz bl ko|lzbm omn la ikzokbm-xkés.
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OMNRZMA FNFOFKA Omnrfn|kofn.
Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls la bfsxakv ltdfjfzë0
La rlsrfcm ü blsrlaak ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms.
La xakn bL iknrLnfifLnrm xzmczkikbm bla uldéo|am dk xzlufsrm mxlzkofmnls bl iknrlnfiflnrm okbk :8.888 gi $m okbk ;8.888 gi& ulz ‑Xakn bl iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm’ v kbulzrlnofks lsxlofkals ln la okxér|am ‑Iknrlnfiflnrm bla uldéo|am’ . Ak ltdfjfofn bl fnemzikofmnls omn zlak) ofn k aks mxlzkofmnls bl iknrlnfiflnrm $ltolxrm zlufsfn bl okzzmolzék& sl ufs|kafpk k|rmiërfokilnrl omn ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln ak xmsfofn IKZ! k omnrkz bl ams :.888 gi {|l ekarkn xkzk ak zlufsfn m okbk ?8 béks bl ak s|srfr|ofn kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz v slzë ufs|kafpkbk okbk :88 gi $xkzk zlufsfn& m ? béks $xkzk okijfm kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz&. O|knbm la iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm $zlufsfn& sl lsræ kolzoknbm ka ulnofiflnrm xzlufsrm! ka cfzkz ak aakul k ak xmsfofn IKZ! ln la bfsxakv sl ufs|kafpkzë ak oknrfbkb bl gfailrzms ekarknrls xkzk ak zlufsfn m la nðilzm bl béks xkzk ak s|srfr|ofn kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz! xzlolbfbm bl |nk slûka nlckrfuk. Bfzé`ksl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr ! {|l zlkafpkzë! kbliës bl aks mxlzkofmnls bl iknrlnfiflnrm xzlufsrks xmz la ‑Xakn bl iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm’ m xmz la ‑Xakn bl zlufsfn kn|ka’! ak x|lsrk k olzm $zlslr& bl ak ufs|kafpkofn bl rflixm m gfailrzms xkzk ak xztfik s|srfr|ofn kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz m iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm. La omnrlm bla rflixm xkzk ltdfjfofÿn bla ilnsk`l bl s|srfr|ofÿn kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz lixlpkz blsbl la imilnrm ln {|l la uldéo|am dkvk zlomzzfbm :88 gi omim iénfim .
KRLNOFßN0 Ams xakpms v gfamilrzk`ls lsrkjalofbms xkzk zlkafpkofÿn bl zlufsfmnls x|lbln okijfkz bl ko|lzbm omn la ilzokbm-xkés.
BL_OZFXOFMN BLA ILN\ ‑IV OKZ’ La ilnð lsrë omix|lsrm xmz |nk slzfl bl e|nofmnls {|l sl xzlslnrkn ln ‑imbm ofzo|akz’! o|vk slaloofn sl x|lbl zlkafpkz ilbfknrl ams jmrmnls Ü v Ò! xlzifrflnbm koolblz k aks bfsrfnrks mxlzkofmnls bl slaloofn v korfukofn $omns|arl ams l`lixams ‑fbfmik’ v ‑k`|srkz eLodk’ ln la ls{|lik fa|srzkbm iës kjk`m&7 xkzk iës blrkaals! omns|arl kbliës ‑kooLsm k ak ufs|kafpkofÿn bLa iLnð’ ln aks xëcfnks sfc|flnrls. KRLNOFMN0 ams ilnsk`ls ltdfjfbms ln ams bfsxakv lalorzÿnfoms x|lbln xzlslnrkz xl{|lûks bfelzlnofks bl rltrms xkzk |nk ifsik fnemzikofÿn. Lsrm mo|zzl bljfbm k ak bfulzsfbkb bl fnemzikofmnls s|ifnfsrzkbks xkzk ams bfsrfnrms imblams bl uldéo|ams $kac|nms rfxms bl ilnsk`ls x|lbln nm lsrkz bfsxmnfjals xkzk blrlzifnkbms ilzokbms&. Ak oknrfbkb bl xknrkaaks bla ilnð IV OKZ x|lbl ukzfkz ln e|nofÿn bl ak xzlslnofk bl l{|fxms mxofmnkals. BF_XAKV L_RëNBKZ
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KOOL_M K AK UF_\KAFPKOFMN BLA ILN\ Blsx|æs bla omnrzma fnfofka! omn la uldéo|am xkzkbm v xëcfnk lsrënbkz! ls xmsfjal koolblz ka ilnð xzlsfmnknbm la jmrn k. Xkzk nkulckz xmz la ilnð! |rfafol aks rloaks Ü v Ò. KBULZRLNOFK0 ln oksm bl {|l sl koolbk ka Ilnð v blnrzm bl 58 slc|nbms nm sl zlkafol kac|nk xzm) czkikofÿn-zlc|akofÿn! la sfsrlik
skal k|rmiërfokilnrl bla Ilnð v ufs|kafpk ak xëcfnk korfukbk knrl) zfmzilnrl. Ln lsrl oksm! ak ðarfik slaloofÿn lelor|kbk v nm omnefzik) bk $ilbfknrl la jmrÿn k& nm xlzik) nlol ilimzfpkbk7 xmz am rknrm! ls nlolskzfm zlxlrfz ak mxlzkofÿn. ) Omn la uldéo|am ln ikzodk sam sl x|lbl koolblz ka ilnð zlb|ofbm $slalo) ofn bla aéifrL bL uLamofbkb v zLc|akofÿn
bL ak sLnsfjfafbkb bLa sLnsmz ekzms k|rm) iërfoms&.
) Omn la uldéo|am lsrkofmnkbm sl x|lbl ufs|kafpkz rmbm la ilnð. Ln la ls{|lik bl ak xëcfnk sfc|flnrl lsrën zlxzlslnrkbms ams oksms blsozfrms. KBULZRLNOFK0 sl zlomiflnbk {|l sl dkck o|ka{|flz xzmczkik) ofÿn-zlc|akofÿn omn la uldéo|am xkzkbm.
Koolsm k ak ufs|kafpkofÿn bla ilnð Rzks la omnrzma fnfofka ls xmsfjal rlnlz koolsm k ak ufs|kafpkofn bla ilnð! xzlsfmnknbm la jmrn IMBL. Xkzk nkulckz! |rfafol ams jmrmnls Ü v Ò. K
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Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls sl ufs|kafpkzë ln la bfsxakv0
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Kbulzrlnofk x|lzrks kjflzrks La rlsrfcm sl lnoflnbl ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms v kbliës slzë lsozfrm ln la bfsxakv o|kals smn aks x|lzrks {|l sl lno|lnrzkn kjflzrks. Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! ln oksm bl x|lzrks kjflzrks sl lnoflnbl la rlsrfcm ². Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! sl dkv |nk x|lzrk kjflzrk v la uldéo|am kaoknpk |nk ulamofbkb s|xlzfmz k 2 gi-d! slzë lifrfbm |nk slûka koðsrfok. L`lixams0
Kbulzrlnofk bl omixkzrfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls v smxmzrl bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm blsrzkjkbms $ulzsfÿn Kbulnr|zl& Ak fnbfokofn bl omixkzrfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls $ikalrlzm& v smxmzrl bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm blsrzkjkbms sl ufs|kafpkzë ln la bfsxakv xmz ilbfm bl ilnsk`l lsozfrm v slûka smnmzk $jfx&. L`lixam0
Odl{|lm bl ak fa|ifnkofÿn ltrlzfmz La rlsrfcm 5 sl lnoflnbl ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms v kbliës slzë lsozfrm ln la bfsxakv o|ka ls la ofzo|frm {|l xzlslnrk kulzék. L`lixam0
Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! ak fnbfokofn bl kulzék ln la sfsrlik bl fa|ifnkofn ltrlzfmz mo|zzl ðnfokilnrl xmz ilbfm bla lnolnbfiflnrm bla rlsrfcm 5.
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Aéifrl bl ulamofbkb Lsrk e|nofn xlzifrl xzmczkikz |n aéifrl bl ulamofbkb bla uldéo|am7 sf sl s|xlzk! korfuk k|rmiërfokilnrl |nk slûka koðs) rfok! sl lnoflnbl la rlsrfcm v sl ufs|kafpk |n ilnsk`l lsxloéefom ln la bfsxakv xkzk kbulzrfz ka omnb|ormz. Xkzk xzmczkikz ak ulamofbkb aéifrl! ls nlolskzfm {|l xzmolbk omim sfc|l0
k Ilbfknrl ams jmrmnls Ü m Ò slaloofmnl ak korfukofn m ak bls) korfukofn MN-MEE. Ak slaloofn xkzxkblk.
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KBULZRLNOFK0 lsrk e|nofÿn ls ðnfokilnrl kbfofmnka. Xmz am rknrm! nm s|srfr|vl nf ltoa|vl ak zlsxmnskjfafbkb bla omnb|ormz ln iknrlnlz ak krlnofÿn v o|ixafz ak ulamofbkb fnbfokbk xkzk aks okzzlrlzks zlomzzfbks.
Ilbfknrl ams jmrmnls Ü v-m Ò slaloofmnl ak ulamofbkb blslkbk. B|zknrl lsrk slaloofn! la ukamz ufs|kafpkbm ln la bfsxakv xkzxkblk. _l x|lbl xzmczkikz lnrzl ?8 v :<8 gi-d m lnrzl :8 v ;<< ixd $omn xkms bl < ixd& slcðn ak |nfbkb slaloofmnkbk knrlzfmzilnrl. Okbk xzlsfn $fix|asm& ln la jmrn omzzlsxmnbflnrl $rflixm s|xlzfmz k : slc|nbms& blrlzifnk la k|ilnrm m bfsifn|ofn zëxfbk k|rmiërfok. O|knbm sl lsræ kolzoknbm ka ukamz blslkbm! s|larl la jmrn v omixalrl ak zlc|akofn xzlsfmnënbmam xmom k xmom.
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_lûkafpkofÿn ka s|xlzkz ak ulamofbkb aéifrl Ln o|knrm la uldéo|am s|xlzk la ukamz bl ak ulamofbkb aéifrl lsrkjalofbk! lsrl ofoam sl ufs|kafpk k|rmiërfokilnrl! `|nrm omn |nk slûka koðsrfok. La rlsrfcm ä sl lnoflnbl ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms. Xzlsfmnknbm ak rloak ‑Imbl’ ak fnbfokofn ln la bfsxakv sl fnrlzz|ixl. Ak fnbfokofn ln la bfsxakv rkijfæn sl fnrlzz|ixl fnilbfkrkilnrl fnrlzz|ixfbk sf ak ulamofbkb bla uldéo|am kaoknpk la ukamz aéifrl lsrkjalofbm ilnms < gi-d m < ixd.
Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! la rlsrfcm ä sl lnoflnbl `|nrm omn ak slûka koðsrfok v la bfsxakv fnbfok0
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Zlc|akofÿn bl ak slnsfjfafbkb bla slnsmz bl a|ifnmsfbkb $slnsmz ozlx|so|akz ) k|rm akix& $bmnbl lsr xzlufsrm& Lsrk e|nofn xlzifrl zlc|akz ak slnsfjfafbkb bla slnsmz ozlx|so|akz slcðn ? nfulals $nfula ;9 nfula iénfim! nfula : 9 nfula ilbfm! nfula ? 9 nfula iëtfim&7 ikvmz ls ak slnsfjfafbkb! ilnmz ls ak oknrfbkb bl a|p ltrlzfmz nlolskzfk xkzk mzblnkz {|l sl lnoflnbkn aks a|ols $ekzms jk`ms! a|ols bl xmsfofn! a|p bl ak ikrzéo|ak&. _l x|lbl zlc|akz fnoa|sm omn la uldéo|am ln ikzodk. Xkzk lelor|kz ak zlc|akofn blslkbk! xzmolbk omim sflc|l0
k Ilbfknrl ams jmrmnls Ü m Ò slaloofmnl la nfula bl slnsfjfafbkb. Ak slaloofn lsomcfbk xkz) xkblk ln la bfsxakv.
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Korfukofÿn bla RZFX J Omn lsrk mxofn ls xmsfjal! xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! korfukz $mn& m blskorfukz $mee& ak ufs|kafpkofn bl ak e|nofn rzfx j $ufk`l xkzofka& ln ak {|l sl ufs|kafpkn ams ukamzls bl |n ‑ufk`L xkzofka’! omzzlsxmnbflnrls k0 bfsrknofk zLomzzfbk! omns|im iLbfm! uLamofbkb iLbfk! rfLixm bL ufk`L. Omns|arl koolsm k ak ufs|k) afpkofn bla ilnð
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Ilbfknrl ams jmrmnls Ü m Ò slaloofmnl ak korfukofn m ak blskorfukofn MN-MEE. Ak slaloofn xkzxkblk.
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K`|srkz Zlam` Xkzk zlc|akz la zlam` $dmzks)ifn|rms& xzmolbk slcðn ak sfc|flnrl blsozfxofn. Omn xzlsfn ln la jmrn s|xlzfmz k : slc|nbms! la k`|srl sl dkzë bl iknlzk iës zëxfbk0 Omns|arl koolsm k ak ufs|k) afpkofn bla ilnð
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Ilbfknrl ams jmrmnls Ü m Ò zlc|al la zlam`. B|zknrl ak zlc|akofn la ukamz ltdfjfbm ln la bfsxakv xkzxkblk. _f la jmrn $Ü m Ò& xlziknlol xzlsfmnkbm iës bl : slc|nbms! la k|ilnrm m ak bfsifn|ofn mo|zzl ln imbm zëxfbm k|rmiërfom.
Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! ak zlc|akofn sl dkol bla sfc|flnrl imbm0
Imbm Zlam` Lsrk e|nofn xlzifrl zlc|akz la zlam` ln ak imbkafbkb ;: dmzks m :2 dmzks. Xkzk lelor|kz lsrk zlc|akofn! xzmolbk omim sfc|l0 K Omns|arl koolsm k ak ufs|k) afpkofn bla ilnð
Ilbfknrl ams jmrmnls Ü m Ò slaloofmnl ak imbkafbkb ;:d m :2d. Ak slaloofn xkzxkblk.
Zlc|akofÿn bl ak elodk Xkzk kor|kafpkz ak elodk $kûm)ils)bék& xzmolbk omim sfc|l0
Omns|arl koolsm k ak uf) s|kafpkofn bla ilnð
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k Ilbfknrl ams jmrmnls Ü m Ò zlc|al ak elodk. B|zknrl ak zlc|akofn la nðilzm ltdfjfbm ln la bfsxakv xkzxkblk. _f la jmrn $Ü m Ò& xlziknlol xzlsfmnkbm iës bl : slc|n) bms! la k|ilnrm m ak bfsifn|ofn mo|zzl ln imbm zëxfbm k|rmiërfom.
Zlxlrfofÿn bl aks fnemzikofmnls bl zkbfm $Fnem zkbfm& _l x|lbl ufs|kafpkz ln la bfsxakv aks fnemzikofmnls omzzlsxmnbflnrls k ak zkbfm $ezlo|lnofk m ilnsk`l ZB_ bl ak lifsmzk bl zkbfm slaloofmnkbk&! xflpk i|sfoka bla OB! IX? lro. K
Krlnofÿn0 la bfsxakv xzlslnrk fnemzikofmnls bl zkbfm ðnfokilnrl sf ak zkbfm ls ak mzfcfnka fnsrkakbk xmz Efkr. Omns|arl la ikn|ka bl ak zkbfm bla uldéo|am. Omns|arl koolsm k ak ufs|kafpkofn bla ilnð
k Ilbfknrl ams jmrmnls Ü m Ò slaloofmnl ak korfukofn m ak blskorfukofn MN-MEE. Ak slaloofn xkzxkblk.
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Oflzzl olnrzkafpkbm k|rmirfom bl aks x|lzrks omn la uldéo|am ln ikzodk ) $K|rm amog& Ak sfc|flnrl e|nofn xlzifrl! xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls0 ) Ln oksm bl korfukofn $MN& fnrlzuflnl la jam{|lm k|rmiërfom bl aks x|lzrks o|knbm la uldéo|am s|xlzk ams :8 gi-d.
Omns|arl koolsm k ak ufs|kafpkofn bla ilnð
k Ilbfknrl ams jmrmnls Ü m Ò slaloofmnl ak korfukofn m ak blskorfukofn MN-MEE. Ak slaloofn xkzxkblk
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\nfbkb bl ilbfbk xkzk aks bfsrknofks $Bfsr. |nfb.& Lsrk e|nofn xlzifrl xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls karlzkz ak |nfbkb bl ilbfbk bl bfsrknofks0 gi $gfailrzm& l if $ifaak&. K Omns|arl koolsm k ak ufs|kafpkofn bla ilnð
k Ilbfknrl ams jmrmnls Ü m Ò slaloofmnl ak |nfbkb bl bfsrknofk gi m if. Ak slaloofn xkzxkblk.
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\nfbkb bl omns|im ) Omns|im $gi-a m a-;88gi& Lsrk e|nofn xlzifrl slaloofmnkz ak |nfbkbl bl ilbfbk omzzlsxmnbflnrl k ak oknrfbkb bl omij|srfjal omns|ifbm $gi- !! m jfln! ! -;88 gi&. Xkzk xzmczkikz ak |nfbkb bl ilbfbk! xzmolbk omim sfc|l0 Omns|arl koolsm k ak ufs|kafpkofn bla ilnð
k Ilbfknrl ams jmrmnls Ü m Ò slaloofmnl ak |nfbkb omzzlsxmnbflnrl ka omns|im bl omij|s) rfjal gi- !! m jfln! ! -;88 gi. Ak slaloofn xkzxkblk.
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\nfbkb bl rlixlzkr|zk $Rlix. |nfbkb& Xkzk slaloofmnkz ak |nfbkb bl rlixlzkr|zk $¸O m ¸E&! xzmolbk omim sfc|l0 K Omns|arl koolsm k ak ufs|kafpkofn bla ilnð
k Ilbfknrl ams jmrmnls Ü m Ò slaloofmnl ak |nfbkb bl ilbfbk bl ak rlixlzkr|) zk blslkbk $°O m °E&. Ak slaloofn xkzxkblk.
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_laloofÿn bla fbfmik Ams ilnsk`ls bla bfsxakv x|lbln slz ufs|kafpkbms ln ukzfms fbfmiks $Xmzr|c|æs! R|zom! Frkafknm! Kaliën! Fncaæs! Ezknoæs! Lsxkûma&. Xkzk slaloofmnkz la fbfmik blslkbm! xzmolbk omim sfc|l0 Omns|arl koolsm k ak ufs|kafpkofn bla ilnð
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Zlc|akofÿn bla uma|iln bl aks slûkals koðsrfoks kulzék-kbulzrlnofks $kufsm smnmzm& La uma|iln bl ak slûka koðsrfok $j|pplz& {|l komixkûk aks lulnr|kals slûkafpkofmnls bl kulzék-kbulzrlnofks rflnl modm $4& nfulals bl zlc|akofn $8 k 3& m! xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! < $ofnom& nfulals $8 k 2&. Ak slûka koðsrfok sl x|lbl zlc|akz v ls blskorfukbk o|knbm la nfula slaloofmnkbm ls fc|ka k olzm. Xkzk lelor|kz ak zlc|akofn! xzmolbk omim sfc|l0 Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! sl ufs|kafpkzë ln la bfsxakv
Omns|arl koolsm k ak ufs|kafpkofn bla ilnð
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k Ilbfknrl ams jmrmnls Ü m Ò zlc|al la uma|iln bl ak slûka koðsrfok. Ak slaloofn xkzxkblk.
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Zlc|akofÿn bla uma|iln bl ams jmrmnls $Uma. rloaks& La uma|iln bl ak slûka koðsrfok {|l sl mvl o|knbm sl xzlsfmnk ams jmrmnls ln la uldéo|am rflnl modm $4& nfulals bl zl) c|akofn $8 k 3&. Ak slûka koðsrfok ls zlc|akjal v x|lbl slz blskorfukbk o|knbm la nfula slaloofmnkbm ls fc|ka k olzm. Xkzk lelor|kz ak zlc|akofn! xzmolbk omim sfc|l0 Omns|arl koolsm k ak ufs|kafpkofn bla ilnð
k Ilbfknrl ams jmrmnls Ü m Ò slaloofmnl la uma|iln bl ak slûka koðsrfok $8 k 3&. Ak slaloofn xkzxkblk.
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Iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm $_lzufol& Ak e|nofn _lzufol xlzifrl ufs|kafpkz aks fnbfokofmnls omzzlsxmnbflnrls k ak oknrfbkb bl gfailrzms m ifaaks ekarknrls xkzk ak xztfik zlufsfn m béks ekarknrls xkzk ak xztfik s|srfr|ofn kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz. Xkzk ufs|kafpkz aks fnbfokofmnls! xzmolbk omim sfc|l0 Omns|arl koolsm k ak ufs|kafpkofn bla ilnð
k k La xakn bL iknrLnfifLnrm xzmczkikbm bla uldéo|am dk xzlufsrm mxlzkofmnls bl iknrlnfiflnrm okbk :8.888 gi m ;8.888 gi $slcðn la ilzokbm& ulz ’Xakn bl iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm’ v kbulzrlnofks lsxlofkals ln la okxér|am ‑Iknrlnfiflnrm bla uldéo|am’ . Ak ltdfjfofn bl fnemzikofmnls omn zlakofn k aks mxlzkofmnls bl iknrlnfiflnrm $ltolxrm zlufsfn bl okzzmolzék& sl ufs|kafpk k|rmiërfokilnrl omn ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln ak xmsfofn IKZ! k omnrkz bl ams :.888 gi {|l ekarkn xkzk ak zlufsfn m okbk ?8 béks bl ak s|srfr|ofn kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz v slzë ufs|kafpkbk okbk :88 gi $xkzk zlufsfn& m ? béks $xkzk okijfm kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz&. O|knbm la iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm $zlufsfn& sl lsræ kolzoknbm ka ulnofiflnrm xzlufsrm! ka cfzkz ak aakul k ak xmsfofn IKZ! ln la bfsxakv sl ufs|kafpkzë la nðilzm bl gfailrzms ekarknrls xkzk la iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm m la nðilzm bl béks xkzk ak s|srfr|ofn kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz. Bfzé`ksl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr ! {|l zlkafpkzë! kbliës bl aks mxlzkofmnls bl iknrlnfiflnrm xzlufsrks xmz la ‑Xakn bl iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm’ m xmz la ‑Xakn bl zlufsfn kn|ka’! ak x|lsrk k olzm $zlslr& bl ak ufs|kafpkofn bl rflixm m gfailrzms xkzk ak xztfik s|srfr|ofn kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz m iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm. La omnrlm bla rflixm xkzk ltdfjfofn bla ilnsk`l bl s|srfr|ofn kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz lixlpkzë blsbl la imilnrm ln {|l la uldéo|am dkvk zlomzzfbm :88 gi omim iénfim.
MJ_LZUKOFMNL_ FIXMZRKNRL_ La sfsrlik bl kufsm bl zlufsfÿn nm aaluk ln o|lnrk ams xlzfmbms ln ams o|kals ak jkrlzék lsr|um blsomnlorkbk! bl imbm {|l ams fnrlzukams bl iknrlnfiflnrm lsxlofefokbms ln la XAKN BL IKNRLNFIFLNRM XZMCZKIKBM rlnbzn xzfmzfbkb v bljlzn slz sflixzl mjslzukbms. Ams bfsxakvs nm ltdfjln la rflixm ekarknrl xkzk ak zlkafpkofÿn bl aks zlufsfmnls bl okzzmolzék. Xkzk rlnlz xalnm omnmofiflnrm bl aks omnbfofmnls bl ckzknrék bla uldéo|am ls fnbfsxlnskjal omns|arkz la olzrfefokbm bl ckzknrék {|l sl kb`|nrk k lsrl ikn|ka. KRLNOFMN0 ams xakpms v gfamilrzk`ls lsrkjalofbms xkzk zlkafpkofÿn bl zlufsfmnls x|lbln okijfkz bl ko|lzbm omn la ilzokbm-xkés.
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Kbulzrlnofk xkzk ak zlufsfÿn xzmczkikbk Ak fnbfokofn fzë mo|zzfz o|knbm ak bfsrknofk zlomzzfbk xmz la uldéo|am lsræ blnrzm bl ams aéifrls lsrkjalofbms xkzk s| ufs|kafpkofn! m slk! :888 gi knrls bl ams xakpms lsrkjalofbms ln la Xakn bl Iknrlnfiflnrm Xzmczkikbm dksrk ;888 gi blsx|æs. Ak fnbfokofn mo|zzfzë ðnfokilnrl o|knbm ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l ls xmsfofmnkbk ln IKZ k okbk :88 gi blnrzm bl ams aéifrls lsrkjalofbms xkzk ak kbulzrlnofk. _lzë ufs|kafpkbm ln la bfsxakv! k|rmiërfokilnrl! ams gfailrzms ekarknrls xkzk ak xztfik zlufsfn m sf ams ifsims smn ltolbfbms dksrk ;888 gi. _lzë fnbfokbm ln la bfsxakv! rzks ak fnfofkafpkofn bla o|kbzm v mjlbloflnbm ak xzfmzfbkb bl ams ilnsk`ls $kulzék m kbulzrlnofk! sf aks dkv& la sfc|flnrl ilnsk`l.
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Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls la rlsrfcm ü blsrlaak ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms v! xkzk mrzks! slzë ufs|kafpkbm ü ln la bfsxakv. _f sl s|xlzk la ukamz bl gfamilrzk`l! ak ufs|kafpkofn bla bfsxakv! slcðn ak ulzsfn! slzë fnbfokbm omim sfc|l0
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Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls la rlsrfcm ü blsrlaak ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms v! xkzk mrzks! slzë ufs|kafpkbm ü ln la bfsxakv. Bfzé`ksl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr {|l zlkafpkzë! kbliës bl aks mxlzkofmnls bl iknrlnfiflnrm xzlufsrks xmz la Xakn bl Iknrlnfiflnrm Xzmczkikbm m xmz la Xakn bl Fnsxloofn Kn|ka! ak x|lsrk k olzm $zlslr& bl ams omnrkbmzls bl rflixm m gfa) ilrzms xkzk ak xztfik s|srfr|ofn kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz m iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm.
Kbulzrlnofk xkzk ak s|srfr|ofÿn kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz Ak oknrfbkb bl béks ekarknrls xkzk la okijfm bl kolfrl slzë fnbfokbk ln la bfsxakv rzks ak fnfofkafpkofn bla ifsim! mjl) bloflnbm ak xzfmzfbkb bl ams ilnsk`ls $kulzék v-m kbulzrlnofk sf aks dkv&. Ak fnbfokofn xlziknlolzë ln bfsxakv b|zknrl < slc|nbms .
Mjlbloflnbm ak xzfmzfbkb bl ams ilnsk`ls $kulzék v-m kbulzrlnofk sf aks dkv&! rzks ak fnfofkafpkofn bla o|kbzm! la sfc|flnrl ilnsk`l slzë fnbfokbm ln la bfsxakv! slcðn ak ulzsfn! o|knbm sl dkvk ulnofbm la xakpm fnbfokbm xkzk ak s|srfr|ofn bla kolfrl0
Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls la rlsrfcm ü blsrlaak ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms v! xkzk mrzks! sl ufs|kafpkzë ü ln la bfsxakv7 Bfzé`ksl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr {|l zlkafpkzë! kbliës bl aks mxlzkofmnls bl iknrlnfiflnrm xzlufsrks xmz la Xakn bl Iknrlnfiflnrm Xzmczkikbm m xmz la Xakn bl Fnsxloofn Kn|ka! ak x|lsrk k olzm $zlslr& bl ams omnrkbmzls bl rflixm m gfa) ilrzms xkzk ak xztfik s|srfr|ofn kn|ka bla kolfrl bla imrmz m iknrlnfiflnrm xzmczkikbm.
_kafz bla ilnð $_kafbk ilnð& Omns|arl koolsm k ak ufs|kafpkofn bla ilnð
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RZFX OMIX\RLZ $mzblnkbmz bl ufk`l& Aks fnemzikofmnls bla RZFX OMIX\RLZ sl ufs|kafpkn ln slo|lnofk slcðn la sfc|flnrl ls{|lik0
Aks fnemzikofmnls bla RZFX J omzzlsxmnbln k |n blrlzifnkbm xlzfmbm bla ufk`l {|l ls blefnfbm xmz ilbfm bl s| zlslr $x|lsrk k olzm&. La RZFX J x|lbl slz |rfafpkbm xkzk ltdfjfz ams bkrms bl |n blrlzifnkbm zlomzzfbm bla ufk`l $l`lixam0 okzzlrlzk T |zjknm&! ilbfz aks omnbfofmnls bl omns|im b|zknrl |n blrlzifnkbm xlzémbm $sliknka T ilns|ka& lro. La RZFX J x|lbl slz dkjfafrkbm m blsdkjfafrkbm k rzkuæs bla Ilnð Iv Okz.
Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls sl ufs|kafpk ln la bfsxakv0
Rzfx omix|rlz ) K|rmnmiék K|rmnmiék ls ak bfsrknofk lsrfikbk ln gfailrzms m ifaaks zlo|zzfjal omn la nfula bl omij|srfjal omnrlnfbm ln la blxsfrm! ln ak dfxrlsfs bl xzmslc|fz la ufk`l omn la ifsim lsrfam bl omnb|ofz! m slk! ifsik omnbfofn bl omns|im. Ak k|rmnmiék ls okao|akbk omnsfblzknbm la omns|im ilbfm bl ams ðarfims < ifn|rms v ams afrzms bl omij|srfjal omnrl) nfbms ln la blxsfrm. Ln oksm bl kxzmufsfmnkiflnrm bl omij|srfjal slzë okao|akbm |n n|lum ukamz bl k|rmnmiék.
O|knbm ak k|rmnmiék ls fnelzfmz k<8 gi! b|zknrl :8 slc|nbms slzë ufs|kafpkbm la ilnsk`l0 ‑Krlnofÿn0 k|rmnmiék afifrkbk’! xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! v sfi|arënlkiln) rl slzë lifrfbk |nk slûka koðsrfok.
Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls sl ufs|kafpkzë ln la bfsxakv
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Rzfx omix|rlz ) K|rmnmiék $omnrfn|kofÿn&
Ln oksm bl xkzkbks bla uldéo|am! okzkorlzfpkbks xmz |nk ulamofbkb fn) elzfmz k 2 gi-d v imrmz ln ikzodk! sl ufs|kafpkzë ln la bfsxakv la ðarfim ukamz bl ak k|rmnmiék okao|akbm knrls bl ak xkzkbk bla uldéo|am. _f bfodks omnbfofmnls xlzsfsrln b|zknrl iës bl < ifn|rms! ln la bfsxakv sl ufs|kafpkzë ‑)))))‑ $c|fmnls&
Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls sl ufs|kafpkzë ln la bfsxakv0
_f ak xkzkbk xlzsfsrl b|zknrl iës bl < ifn|rms0
_f ak xkzkbk xlzsfsrl b|zknrl iës bl < ifn|rms0
O|knbm ak ulamofbkb bla uldéo|am s|xlzk n|l) ukilnrl la aéifrl bl 2 gi-d! la ukamz bl ak k|rmnmiék slzë zlokao|akbm omnsfblzknbm la omij|srfjal omns|ifbm b|zknrl ak xkzkbk v ak emzik bl omnb|ofz xzlolblnrl k ak ifsik.
Rzfx omix|rlz ) Bfsrknofk zlomzzfbk K
Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls sl ufs|kafpkzë ln la bfsxakv
Rzfx omix|rlz ) Omns|im ilbfm Ls ak zlakofn lnrzl ak bfsrknofk v ak oknrfbkb bl afrzms bl omij|srfjal omns|ifbms blsbl la fnfofm bla ufk`l. Ak iknlzk bl bfelzlnofkz la omns|im ilbfm bla omns|im fnsrknrënlm ls la rflixm bl kor|kafpkofn bl ak fnemzikofn ln la bfsxakv. La omns|im ilbfm ls kor|kafpkbm k okbk ;8 slc|nbms v la fnsrknrënlm ls kor|kafpkbm k okbk slc|nbm.
Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls sl ufs|kafpkzë ln la bfsxakv
Ln la fnfofm bl okbk ufk`l $okzkorlzfpkbm xmz la zlslr $x|lsrk k olzm& bl aks fnemzikofmnls bla rzfx omix|rlz&! _l ufs|k) afpkzë ‑))))’ $c|fmnls& dksrk {|l ak bfsrknofk zlomzzfbk slk s|xlzfmz k <88 i.
Ln la fnfofm bl okbk ufk`l $okzkorlzfpkbm xmz la zlslr $x|lsrk k olzm& bl aks fnemzikofmnls bla rzfx omix|rlz&. _l ufs|k) afpkzë ‑))))’ $c|fmnls& dksrk {|l ak bfsrknofk zlomzzfbk slk s|xlzfmz k <88 i.
Rzfx omix|rlz ) Ulamofbkb ilbfk
Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls sl ufs|kafpkzë ln la bfsxakv
O|knbm sl omnlork ak jkrlzék m rzks |nk x|lsrk k olzm $zlslr& bl aks fnemzikofmnls bla rzfx omix|rlz $fnfofm bl |n n|lum ufk`l&! _l ufs|k) afpkzë ‑))))’ $c|fmnls& dksrk {|l ak bfsrknofk zlomzzfbk slk s|xlzfmz k <88 i. K omnrkz bl lsrk bfsrknofk! ak fnemzikofn ls ufs|kafpkbk ln la bfsxakv.
Rzfx omix|rlz ) Rflixm bl ufk`l K
O|knbm la rflixm kaoknpk 660<6d! mo|zzl |nk x|lsrk k olzm $zlslr& bl rmbms ams bkrms bla rzfx omix|rlz! ltolrm k|rmnmiék v omns|im fnsrknrënlm.
Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls sl ufs|kafpkzë ln la bfsxakv
X|lsrk k olzm $Zlslr& bla RZFX OMIX\RLZ O|knbm sl xzlsfmnk la jmrn RZFX b|zknrl |n rflixm s|xlzfmz k : slc|nbms ! slzë lelor|kbk ak x|lsrk k olzm bl ams bkrms bla RZFX OMIX\RLZ! ltolxrm xkzk aks fnemzikofmnls bl k|rmnmiék v omns|im fnsrknrënlm.
La RZFX J xmsll |n zlslr $x|lsrk k olzm& fnblxlnbflnrl! {|l x|lbl slz zlkafpkbm o|knbm |nm bl s|s bkrms lsræ sflnbm ufs|kafpkbm ln la bfsxakv! xzlsfmnknbm la jmrn Rzfx b|zknrl |n rflixm s|xlzfmz k : slc|nbms.
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_fsrlik EX_ $Efzl Xzlulnrfmn _vsrli& ) Fnrlzz|xrmz bl fnlzofk K rzkuæs bla bfsxakv bla o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms ls xmsfjal fblnrfefokz ak fnrlzulnofn bla fnrlzz|xrmz bl fnlzofk $EF_&. La bfsxakv! slcðn ak ulzsfn! ltdfjfzë0
m jfln
_fsrlik Emaam il dmil \nk ulp korfukbm! b|zknrl :8 slc|nbms! sl ufs|kafpkzë ln la bfsxakv bla o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms |nk fnbfokofn bl {|l la sfsrlik lsrë korfum omn la rflixm xkzk la o|ka e|l zlc|akbm. La bfsxakv! slcðn ak ulzsfn! ltdfjfzë0
_fsrlik Kbulnr|zl Amoglz $o|knbm bfsxmnfjal& \nk ulp korfukbm la sfsrlik! sl ufs|kafpkzë ln la bfsxakv! b|zknrl < slc|nbms! la ilnsk`l ‑LAB MN’ $ulk fnemzikofn ln ak xëc. K);:8&. O|knbm la sfsrlik ls blskorfukbm! sl ufs|kafpkzë ln la bfsxakv! b|zknrl < slc|nbms! la ilnsk`l ‑LAB MEE’. LAB
Mn
LAB
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Mee
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Ln oksm bl kulzék ln la sfsrlik! sl ufs|kafpkzë ln la bfsxakv la sfc|flnrl ilnsk`l0
Kulzék LAB
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Fa|ifnkofÿn k|rmirfok bla bfsxakv ka kjzfz-olzzkz x|lzrk$s& blaknrlzk$s& Omn la uldéo|am kxkckbm! ln ak kxlzr|zk m oflzzl bl aks x|lzrks blaknrlzks! la bfsxakv bla o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms sl ln) oflnbl b|zknrl ;8 slc|nbms! fnbfoknbm la o|lnrkgfailrzms rmrka v la zlam` bfcfrka. La bfsxakv! slcðn ak ulzsfn! fnbfokzë0
Zlc|akofÿn bl ak fa|ifnkofÿn bl ams fnsrz|ilnrms bl k jmzbm! bfsxakv v jmrmnls bl iknbm $zlÿsrkrm& Lsrk e|nofn xlzifrl! xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! omn aks a|ols ltrlznks lnolnbfbks! ak zlc|akofn $krln|kofn-fnozlilnrm& bl ak fa|ifnkofn0 ) O|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms0 czkefsim! kc|`ks v bfsxakv. $Mjs.0 ams rlsrfcms nm s|ezln karlzkofn&. ) Bfsxakv bl ak zkbfm. ) Iknbms bla kfzl komnbfofmnkbm. Xkzk lelor|kz ak zlc|akofn! sl bljl xzmolblz omim sfc|l0 Ilbfknrl ams jmrmnls Ü m Ò lelorðl ak zlc|ak) ofn bla nfula bl fa|ifnkofn blslkbm.
Zlczlsm k|rmiërfom k ak xëcfnk lsrknbkz m k ak xëcfnk knrlzfmzilnrl ufs|kafpkbk rzks kac|nms slc|nbms m ilbfknrl xzlsfn ln la jmrn IMBL m RZFX.
K
RL_RFCM_ $A\OL_ BL KBULZRLNOFK& v _LÛKAFPKOFMNL_
Aks slûkafpkofmnls smn sfnrærfoks v bl xzlok|ofÿn v rflnln ak efnkafbkb bl s|clzfz ak fnilbfkrk koofÿn {|l la omnb|ormz bljl zlkafpkz! o|knbm sl xzlslnrk |n ika e|nofmnkiflnrm ln la uldéo|am. _fn lijkzcm! rka slûkafpkofn nm sl bljl omnsfblzkz blrkaakbk v-m ka) KBULZRLNOFK_ CLNLZKAL_ rlznkrfuk k am {|l sl lsxlofefok ln la Aks slûkafpkofmnls bl kbulzrlnofk - xzlslnrl Ikn|ka bl \sm v kulzék sl ufs|kafpkn k rzkuæs bla lnoln) Iknrlnfiflnrm! bla {|l sl komnsl`k bfbm bl |n rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fns) sflixzl alor|zk blrkaakbk v krlnrk. rz|ilnrms! v x|lbln slz komixkûkbks Ln oksm |nk bl slûkafpkofn bl kbulzrln) xmz |nk slûka koðsrfok v! xkzk kac|nks ofk- kulzék! rmil sflixzl omim zlel) ulzsfmnls! xmz ilnsk`ls ln la bfsxakv. zlnofk aks fnbfokofmnls bla xzlslnrl okxér|am .
KRLNOFMN0 o|knbm la rlsrfcm ü $aak) ul fncalsk& kxkzlol ln la o|kbzm bl fns) rz|ilnrms m! xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! ls ufs|kafpkbm ln la bfsxakv! xzmolbk omn ok|rlak v bfzé`ksl am knrls xmsfjal k |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr. Ln aks sfc|flnrls xëcfnks sl bls) ozfjln kac|nms l`lixams bl sfr|kofm) nls ln aks o|kals |n rlsrfcm x|lbl lnolnblzsl ln la o|kbzm bl fns) rz|ilnrms m |nk slûkafpkofÿn bl kbulzrlnofk-kulzék x|lbl kxkzlolz ln la bfsxakv.
Rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms
t
Ufs|kafpkofÿn ln la bfsxakv EA\FBM BL EZLNM_ FN_\EFOFLNRL $zm`m& Ka cfzkz ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l k ak xmsfofn IKZ la rlsrfcm sl lnoflnbl! xlzm bljl kxkckzsl o|knbm sl s|lark la ezlnm bl lsrk) ofmnkiflnrm. La rlsrfcm sl lnoflnbl $xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! `|nrm omn la iln) sk`l ltdfjfbm ln la bfsxakv ls lifrfbk |nk slûka koðsrfok& o|knbm la nfula bla ea|fbm ln la blxsfrm blsoflnbl xmz bljk`m bla nfula iénfim. _f sl lnoflnbl la rlsrfcm t b|zknrl ak ikzodk $`|nrm omn la ilnsk`l {|l sl ufs|kafpk ln la bfsxakv& xkzl fnilbfkrkilnrl la uldéo|am v bfzé`ksl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr.
t
EZLNM BL IKNM KORFUKBM $zm`m& La rlsrfcm sl lnoflnbl o|knbm sl koofmnk la ezlnm bl iknm. Ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls! omn la uldéo|am ln imufiflnrm ls lifrfbk |nk slûka koðsrfok. _f sl lnoflnbl la rlsrfcm t b|zknrl ak ikzodk! omixz|ljl {|l la ezlnm bl iknm nm lsræ koofmnk) bm.
K
Rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms
¡
Ufs|kafpkofÿn ln la bfsxakv KULZFK BLA KFZJKC $JMA_K BL KFZL& $zm`m& Ka cfzkz ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l k ak xmsfofn IKZ la rlsrfcm sl lnoflnbl! xlzm bljl kxkckzsl blsx|æs bl kac|nms slc|nbms. La rlsrfcm sl lnoflnbl omn a|p ef`k `|nrm omn la ilnsk`l {|l sl ufs|k) afpk ln la bfsxakv o|knbm la sfsrlik kfzjkc xzlslnrk knmikaéks bl e|nofmnkiflnrm. _f la rlsrfcm ¡ nm sl lnoflnbl! xlziknlol lnoln) bfbm omn ak aakul ln ak xmsfofÿn IKZ! m sl lnoflnbl b|zknrl ak ikzodk bla uldéo|am $`|nrm omn la ilnsk`l {|l sl ufs|kafpk ln la bfsxakv&! xkzl fnilbfkrkilnrl la uldé) o|am v bfzé`ksl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr.
E.
Ak kulzék bla rlsrfcm ¡ ls slûkafpkbk ilbfknrl la blsrlaam bla rlsrfcm E. Lsrm mo|zzl smakilnrl blsx|æs bl 2 slc|nbms bla lnolnbfbm ef`m bla rlsrfcm
Rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms
E
Ufs|kafpkofÿn ln la bfsxakv RL_RFCM BL BL_KORFUKOFMN BLA KFZJKC $JMA_K BL KFZL& BLA AKBM BLA XK_K@LZM $ijkz& $bmnbl lsr xzlufsrm& La rlsrfcm E sl lnoflnbl o|knbm sl blskorfuk la kfzjkc ezmnrka bla akbm bla xksk`lzm! cfzknbm la omzzlsxmnbflnrl omni|rkbmz k ak xmsfofn MEE. Omn la kfzjkc ezmnrka bla akbm bla xksk`lzm korfukbm! cfzknbm ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l k ak xmsfofn IKZ! la rlsrfcm E xlziknlol ln) olnbfbm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms xmz |nms 2 slc|nbms! a|lcm xkzxkblk mrzms 2 slc|nbms v blsx|æs sl kxkck. La rlsrfcm bl blskorfukofÿn bla akbm bla xksk`lzm blskorfukbm E slûkafpk kbliës lulnr|kals knmik) aéks bla rlsrfcm ¡. Lsrk omnbfofÿn ls slûkafpkbk xmz |n xkzxkblm fnrlzifrlnrl bla rlsrfcm E {|l b|zk iës bl 2 slc|nbms. Ln lsrl oksm ls nlolskzfm kxkckz fnilbfkrkilnrl la imrmz v bfzfcfzsl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr.
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Rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms
s
Ufs|kafpkofÿn ln la bfsxakv OKZCK FN_\EFOFLNRL BL AK JKRLZFK $zm`m& Ka cfzkz ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l k ak xmsfofn IKZ la rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm sl lnoflnbl v bljl kxkckzsl ka xmnlz ln ikzodk la imrmz $ls xmsfjal {|l la rlsrfcm sl kxkc|l omn zlrzksm o|knbm la imrmz lsrë ln zkalnré&. _f la rlsrfcm xlziknlol lnolnbfbm! bfzé`ksl fnil) bfkrkilnrl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr.
Rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms
u
Ufs|kafpkofÿn ln la bfsxakv XZL_FMN FN_\EFOFLNRL BLA KOLFRL BLA IMRMZ $zm`m& Ka cfzkz ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l k ak xmsfofn IKZ la rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm sl lnoflnbl v bljl kxkckzsl ka xmnlz ln ikzodk la im) rmz. _f mo|zzl ak omnbfofn bl jk`k xzlsfn bla kolfrl bla imrmz! la rlsrfcm xlziknlol lnolnbfbm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms v! ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls! kxkzlol la ilnsk`l bl rltrm ln la bfsxakv! `|nrm omn ak slûka koðsrfok. _f la rlsrfcm u sl lnoflnbl b|zknrl ak ikzodk $xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! `|nrm omn la ilnsk`l {|l sl ufs|kafpk ln la bfsxakv&! xkzl fnilbfkrkilnrl la imrmz v bfzé`ksl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr.
K
Rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms
ã
Ufs|kafpkofÿn ln la bfsxakv RLIXLZKR\ZK LTOL_FUK BLA AF[\FBM ZLEZFCLZKNRL BLA IMRMZ $zm`m& O|knbm la imrmz lsrë i|v okaflnrl! nm zlrfzl la rkxÿn bla blxÿsfrm! x|ls dkv xlafczm bl {|likb|) zks. Ka cfzkz ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l k ak xmsfofn IKZ la rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm sl lnoflnbl v bljl kxkckzsl ka xmnlz ln ikzodk la im) rmz. La rlsrfcm sl lnoflnbl $xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! `|nrm omn la iln) sk`l {|l sl ufs|kafpk ln la bfsxakv v lifsfn bl slûka koðsrfok& o|knbm la imrmz lsrë smjzlokalnrkbm. _f la rlsrfcm sl lnoflnbl! xzmolbk omim sfc|l0 ) Ln oksm bl ikzodk nmzika0 xkzl la uldéo|am! kxkc|l la imrmz v omnrzmal {|l la nfula bla kc|k ln la blxsfrm nm lsræ xmz bljk`m bl ak zlelzlnofk IFN. Ln lsrl oksm! lsxlzl kac|nms ifn|rms xkzk xlzifrfz {|l la imrmz sl lnezél! a|lcm kjzk alnrkilnrl v omn o|fbkbm la rkxn v zl) kjksrlpok omn aé{|fbm zlezfclzknrl! omixzmjknbm {|l la nfula lsræ lnrzl aks zlelzlnofks IFN v IKT fnbfokbks ln la ifsim blxsfrm. Kbliës! omnrzmal ufs|kailnrl {|l nm dkvk xæzbfbks bl aé{|fbm. _f ka kzzkn{|l s|olsfum la rlsrfcm sl u|laul k lnolnblz! bfzé`ksl k ak Zlb bl ksfsrlnofk Efkr. omnrfnðk
Rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms
Ufs|kafpkofÿn ln la bfsxakv omnrfn|kofn
ã
) Ln oksm bl lixalm slulzm bla uldéo|am $xmz l`lixam! kzzksrzl bl zlima{|ls ln s|jfbk m omn la uldéo|am okzckbm&0 xmnck |nk ikzodk iës omzrk v ln oksm bl {|l la rlsrfcm xlziknlpok lnoln) bfbm! xkzl la uldéo|am. Iknrlnck la imrmz ln ikzodk b|zknrl : m ? ifn|rms! afclzkilnrl kolalzkbm xkzk ekumzlolz |nk ofzo|akofn iës korfuk bla aé{|fbm bl zlezfclzkofn v blsx|æs kxkc|l la imrmz. Ulzfef{|l la nfula omzzlorm bla aé{|fbm omim blsozfrm knrlzfmz) ilnrl.
Ufs|kafpkofÿn ln la bfsxakv X\LZRK_ IKA OLZZKBK_ $zm`m& Ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls la rlsrfcm sl lnoflnbl ln la o|kbzm bl fns) rz|ilnrms $`|nrm omn la ilnsk`l ufs|kafpkbm ln la bfsxakv& o|knbm |nk m iës x|lzrks nm lsrën olzzkbks xlzelorkilnrl. Ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls! omn la uldéo|am ln imufiflnrm v |nk m iës x|lzrks ika olzzkbks ls lifrfbk |nk slûka koðsrfok. NMRK0 ln la bfsxakv ak ufs|kafpkofn bla séijmam ¯ fnbfok {|l nm sl dk olzzkbm omzzlorkilnrl |nk x|lzrk bla akbm fp{|flzbm! iflnrzks {|l la séijmam ˖ fnbfok {|l nm sl dk olzzkbm omzzlork) ilnrl |nk x|lzrk bla akbm blzlodm.
OMIXKZRFIFLNRM BL L[\FXK@L_ $IKALRLZM-OK@\LAK& V _MXMZRL BL AK Z\LBK BL ZLX\L_RM $ZLEKOOFMN& BL_RZKJKBM_ Ak fnbfokofn bl omixkzrfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls $ikalrlzm& v smxmz) rl bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm blsrzkjkbms sl ufs|kafpkzë ln la bfsxakv xmz ilbfm bl ilnsk`l lsozfrm v slûka smnmzk $jfx&.
Rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms
Ufs|kafpkofÿn ln la bfsxakv ULAMOFBKB AFIFRL _\XLZKBK $ijkz& La rlsrfcm sl lnoflnbl ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms $`|nrm omn la ilnsk`l ufs|kafpkbm ln la bfsxakv v lifsfn bl slûka koðsrfok& o|knbm la uldéo|am s|xlzk ak ulamofbkb aéifrl lsrkjalofbk knrl) zfmzilnrl.
ä
Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls0
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Rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms
1
Ufs|kafpkofÿn ln la bfsxakv OFNR\ZMN BL _LC\ZFBKB $zm`m& Ka xmnlz ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln ak xmsfofn IKZ! la rlsrfcm bla ofnr|zn bl slc|zfbkb xkzxkblk ;8 ulols b|zknrl ;8 slc|nbms! fnblxlnbflnrlilnrl bl {|l la ofnr|zn lsræ kjzmodkbm m nm.
Rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms
\
Ufs|kafpkofÿn ln la bfsxakv KULZFK LN LA _F_RLIK BL OMNRZMA BLA IMRMZ $ijkz& Ln omnbfofmnls nmzikals! ka xmnlz ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln ak xmsfofn IKZ! la rlsrfcm sl lnoflnbl v bljl kxkckzsl ka xmnlz ln ikzodk la imrmz. _l lnoflnbl ka fnfofm xkzk fnbfokz la omzzlorm e|nofmnkiflnrm bla rlsrfcm. _f la rlsrfcm xlziknlol lnolnbfbm m sl fa|ifnk b|zknrl ak ikzodk $`|nrm omn la ilnsk`l {|l sl ufs|kafpk ln la bfsxakv v lifsfn bl slûka koðsrfok& slûkafpk {|l la sfsrlik bl kafilnrkofn-lnolnbfbm nm e|nofmnk omzzlorkilnrl x|bflnbm xzmumokz lalukbks lifsfmnls bl cksls ln la lsokxl! xmsfjal xæzbfbk bl xzlsrkofmnls! bfefo|arkb ln ak omnb|oofn bla uldéo|am v |n ikvmz omns|im. Ln lsrks omnbfofmnls sl x|lbl omnrfn|kz ak ikzodk sfn ltfcfzal ka imrmz la iëtfim bl s|s xzlsrkofmnls m kark ulamofbkb. La |sm xzmamnckbm bla uldéo|am omn la rlsrfcm lnolnbfbm x|lbl bkûkz la imrmz. Bfzé`ksl am knrls xmsfjal k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr. La rlsrfcm sl lnoflnbl sf ak kulzék blskxkzlol! sfn lijkzcm! la sfsrlik ilimzfpk ak fnbfokofn7 _f! ka cfzkz ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l k ak xmsfofÿn IKZ! la rlsrfcm \ nm sl lnoflnbl! m jfln! sf b|zknrl ak ikzodk sf lnoflnbl bfzé`ksl am knrls xmsfjal k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr.
K
Rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms
ã
>
Ufs|kafpkofÿn ln la bfsxakv ZL_LZUK BL OMIJ\_RFJAL $ijkz& La rlsrfcm sl lnoflnbl $xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! `|nrm omn la iln) sk`l {|l sl ufs|kafpk ln la bfsxakv& o|knbm ln la blxsfrm {|lbkn kðn
KULZFK LN LA _F_RLIK BL EZLNM_ KNRFJAM[\LM BL AK_ Z\LBK_ KJ_ $ijkz& Ka cfzkz ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l k ak xmsfofn IKZ la rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm sl lnoflnbl v bljl kxkckzsl blsx|æs bl kac|nms slc|n) bms. La rlsrfcm sl lnoflnbl $xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! `|nrm omn la iln) sk`l {|l sl ufs|kafpk ln la bfsxakv v lifsfn bl slûka koðsrfok& o|kn) bm la sfsrlik nm e|nofmnk omzzlorkilnrl. Ln lsrl oksm! la sfsrlik bl ezlnms sfc|l e|nofmnknbm nmzikailnrl! iknrlnflnbm fnkarlzkbk s| lefoflnofk! k|n{|l nm |rfafpk aks xmrlnofkafbkbls mezlofbks xmz la sfsrlik KJ_. _l zlomiflnbk xz|blnofk smjzl rmbm o|knbm ak kbdlzlnofk nm ls j|lnk7 xmz am rknrm! bfzé`ksl am knrls xmsfjal k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr.
Rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms
t
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>
V
Ufs|kafpkofÿn ln la bfsxakv KULZÉK LN LA ZLC\AKBMZ LALORZßNFOM BL EZLNKBM LJB La uldéo|am {|l bfsxmnl bl sfsrlik bl ezlnms KJ_ lsrë l{|fxkbm rkijfæn omn zlc|akbmz lalorznfom bl ezlnkbm $LJB&. La lnolnbfbm sfi|arënlm bl ams rlsrfcms t v > $`|nrm omn la ilnsk`l ufs|kafpkbm ln la bfsxakv v lifsfn bl slûka koðsrfok& omn la imrmz ln ikzodk fnbfok |nk knmikaék ln la sfsrlik LJB7 ln lsrl oksm! knrl |n ezl) nkpm! sl x|lbl xzmb|ofz |n jam{|lm xzlomp bl aks z|lbks rzkslzks! omn ak omnsfc|flnrl xmsfjfafbkb bl blzzkxl. Omnb|pok omn i|odk xzlok|ofn dksrk la rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr iës olzoknm xkzk {|l omnrzmaln la sfsrlik.
KULZFK LN LA _F_RLIK BL XZMRLOOFMN BLA ULDFO\AM ‟ EFKR OMBL $ijkz& Ka cfzkz ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l k ak xmsfofn IKZ la rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms bljl xkzxkblkz |nk smak ulp v a|lcm kxk) ckzsl. _f! omn ak aakul ln ak xmsfofn IKZ! la rlsrfcm xlziknlol lnolnbfbm! fnbfok |nk xmsfjal kulzék. $omns|arl la sfsrlik Efkr Ombl ln lsrl okxér|am&. KRLNOFMN0 sf sl lnoflnbln sfi|arënlkilnrl ams rlsrfcms \ v V sfcnfefok {|l dkv |nk kulzék ln la sfsrlik Efkr OMBL.
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Rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms
5
Ufs|kafpkofÿn ln la bfsxakv KULZFK BL AK_ A\OL_ LTRLZFMZL_ $ijkz& Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls sl ufs|kafpk la ilnsk`l ln la bfsxakv `|n) rm omn ak lifsfn bl |nk slûka koðsrfok! o|knbm sl xzlslnrk |nk knmikaék ln kac|nks a|ols ltrlznks0 Ak knmikaék zlelzfbk k lsrks aëixkzks xmbzék slz0 sl dk {|likbm |nk bl aks aëixkzks! sl dk e|nbfbm la e|sfjal bl xzmrloofn omzzls) xmnbflnrl m sl dk fnrlzz|ixfbm ak omzzflnrl laæorzfok.
omnrfnðk
Rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms
Ufs|kafpkofÿn ln la bfsxakv omnrfn|kofn
NMRK0 ln la bfsxakv ak ufs|kafpkofn bla séijmam ¯ fnbfok |nk kulzék ln |nk a|p bla akbm fp{|flzbm! iflnrzks {|l la séijmam ˖ fnbfok |nk kulzék ln |nk a|p bla akbm blzlodm.
Ufs|kafpkofÿn ln la bfsxakv XZLBF_XM_FOFMN EKZM_ K\TFAFKZL_ $ULZBL& La rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms sl lnoflnbl o|knbm sl lnoflnbln ams ekzms knrfnfljak.
Z
A\P BL CFZM $A\P BL BFZLOOFMN& FP[\FLZBK $ULZBL& $FNRLZIFRLNRL& La rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms sl lnoflnbl o|knbm sl koofmnk dkofk kjk`m ak xkaknok bl iknbm bl aks a|ols bl cfzm m! `|nrm omn ak a|p bl cfzm blzlodk! o|knbm sl koofmnk la jmrn bl aks a|ols bl lilzclnofk.
L
A\P BL CFZM $A\P BL BFZLOOFMN& BLZLODK $ULZBL& $FNRLZIFRLNRL& La rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms sl lnoflnbl o|knbm sl koofmnk dkofk kzzfjk ak xkaknok bl iknbm bl aks a|ols bl cfzm m! `|nrm omn ak a|p bl cfzm fp{|flzbk! o|knbm sl koofmnk la jmrn bl aks a|ols bl lilzclnofk.
Rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms
Ufs|kafpkãïm nm bfsxakv
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A\OL_ BL XM_FOFMN $A\OL_ BL O\KZRM_& V EKZM_ $ulzbl& La rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms sl lnoflnbl o|knbm sl lnoflnbln aks a|ols bl xmsfofn! aks a|ols bl lsrkofmnkiflnrm $xzlsfmnknbm la fnrlzz|xrmz ? |jfokbm ka akbm bl ak oma|ink bl bfzloofn& m ams ekzms.
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EMAAMS IL DMIL La rlsrfcm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms sl lnoflnbl $`|nrm omn la ilnsk`l {|l sl ufs|kafpk ln la bfsxakv& o|knbm sl korfuk la bfsxmsf) rfum emaam il dmil $omns|arl la okxér|am omzzlsxmnbflnrl&.
BFE\_MZL_ MZFLNRKJAL_ V ZLC\AKJAL_ ) efc. <; v <: Ams bfe|smzls x|lbln mzflnrkzsl dkofk kzzfjk m dkofk kjk`m! cfzënbmams. K ) Omiknbm xkzk ak zlc|akofn bl ak oknrfbkb bl kfzl0 ) xmsfofn 0 bfe|smz kjflzrm ) xmsfofn 0 bfe|smz olzzkbm
J ) Iknbm xkzk ak mzflnrkofn akrlzka IKNBM_ XKZK ULNRFAKOFßN ) bla ea|`m bl kfzl. Ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls efc.
Z J 3 8 ? 8 D
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IKNBM_ XKZK OKALEKOOFMN V ULNRFAKOFMN ) efc. <2 K ) Iknbm xkzk zlc|akz ak rlixlzkr|) zk bla kfzl $ilpoak kfzl okaflnrl-ezém&. J ) O|zsmz xkzk slaloofmnkz ak e|nofn bl zlofzo|akofn! lafifnknbm ak lnrzkbk bl kfzl ltrlzfmz. O ) Iknbm xkzk korfukz la ulnrfak) bmz. B ) Iknbm xkzk ak bfsrzfj|ofn bla kfzl.
OKALEKOOFMN ;& Iknbm xkzk ak rlixlzkr|zk bla kfzl0 fnbfokbmz ln la slormz zm`m. :& Iknbm bla ulnrfakbmz0 fnbfokbmz ln ak ulamofbkb blslkbk. ?& Iknbm xkzk ak bfsrzfj|ofn bla kfzl0 fnbfokbmz ln xmsfofn G. G xkzk okalnrkz ams xfls v! ka ifsim rflixm! blslixkûkz la xkzkjzfsks. I xkzk okalnrkz ams xfls v iknrlnlz ezlsom la zmsrzm! omn bms nfulals bl rli) xlzkr|zk. 2& O|zsmz bl zlofzo|akofn0 xkzk mj) rlnlz |nk okalekoofn iës zëxfbk! xmn) ck la o|zsmz bl zlofzo|akofn bla kfzl ln ak xmsfofn u {|l l{|fukal smakilnrl k ak zlofzo|akofn bla kfzl fnrlzfmz. Xkzk lufrkz slnskofn bl në|slks! ofl) zzl ams bfe|smzls olnrzkals o|knbm uk k |rfafpkz ak okalekoofn. Z J 6 8 ? 8 D
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BL_LIXKÛKIFLNRM ZKXFBM Xkzkjzfsks v ufbzfms akrlzkals ;& Iknbm xkzk ak rlixlzkr|zk bla kfzl0 fnbfokbmz ln la slormz zm`m $omi) xalrkilnrl dkofk ak blzlodk&. :& O|zsmz bla ulnrfakbmz0 fnbfokbmz ln ak ulamofbkb iëtfik. ?& Iknbm xkzk ak bfsrzfj|ofn bla kf) zl0 fnbfokbmz sfr|kbm ln xmsfofn ). 2& O|zsmz xkzk ak zlofzo|akofn bla kfzl ln xmsfofn µ ! l{|fukalnrl k ak lnrzkbk bl kfzl blsbl la ltrlzfmz. \nk ulp blslixkûkbms-blsomnclak) bms ams ufbzfms! i|luk ams iknbms {|l |rfafpk nmzikailnrl! bl emzik rka {|l sl iknrlnckn aks il`mzls omnbfofmnls bl ufsfjfafbkb. A|nlrk $ulnrknk rzkslzk& rzifok Xzlsfmnl la jmrn $. \nk ulp {|l ams ufbzfms lsræn blslixkûkbms sl komnsl`k blsomnlorkz la bfsxmsfrfum! kxzflrknbm n|lukilnrl la jmrn $. Lsrl sl blsom) nlork k|rmiërfokilnrl a|lcm bl rzkns) o|zzfbms ams :8 ifn|rms.
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La e|nofmnkiflnrm k|rmiërfom lsrë zlakofmnkbm omn la nðilzm bl zlum) a|ofmnls bla imrmz! mjlbloflnbm k ak sfc|flnrl acfok0 Ams xzfilzms ;8 ifn|rms bl e|nofmnk) iflnrm smn fnblxlnbflnrls bla nðilzm bl zluma|ofmnls bla imrmz. Ams ifn|rms sfc|flnrls blxlnbln bl aks omnbfofmnls bla imrmz0 ) _f la nðilzm bl zluma|ofmnls ls fn) elzfmz k 658 zxi! la sfsrlik sl kxkck rzks ;8 slc|nbms. ) _f la nðilzm bl zluma|ofmnls ls s|) xlzfmz k ;8<5 zxi b|zknrl < slc|nbms! la sfsrlik u|laul k lnolnblzsl. Rka lsrzkrlcfk xlziknlol korfuk b|) zknrl :8 ifn|rms! rflixm s|efoflnrl xkzk blslixkûkz ak a|nlrk.
ULNRFAKOFMN ;& Bfe|smzls bl kfzl olnrzkals v akrl) zkals0 omixalrkilnrl kjflzrms. :& Iknbm xkzk ak rlixlzkr|zk bla kfzl0 fnbfokbmz ln la slormz kp|a. ?& O|zsmz bla ulnrfakbmz0 fnbfokbmz ln ak ulamofbkb blslkbk. 2& Iknbm xkzk ak bfsrzfj|ofn bla kfzl0 fnbfokbmz ln M. <& O|zsmz xkzk ak zlofzo|akofn bla kfzl0 ln xmsfofn µ! l{|fukalnrl k ak lnrzkbk bl kfzl blsbl la ltrlzfmz. Omn la o|zsmz ln xmsfofn u sl korfuk sam ak zlofzo|akofn bla kfzl fn) rlzfmz. KBULZRLNOFK0 lsrk e|nofÿn ls i|v ðrfa ln omnbfofmnls bl czkn omnrkifnkofÿn ltrlzfmz $rðnlals! okzkuknks! lro.&. Bl rmbks emziks! nm al komnsl`kims xzmamnckz s| |sm! lsxlofkailnrls sf rmbms ams x|lsrms bla uldéo|am lsrën mo|xkbms.
KFZL KOMNBFOFMNKBM Ak fnsrkakofÿn |rfafpk ea|fbm zlezf) clzknrl Z;?2k {|l! ln oksms bl xæzbfbks koofblnrkals! nm xlz`|bf) ok la ilbfm kijflnrl. Xmz nfncðn imrfum |rfafol ea|fbm Z;:! vk {|l ls fnomixkrfjal omn ams omixmnlnrls bl ak fnsrkakofÿn. OMNRZMAL_ ) efc. << K ) Iknbm xkzk zlc|akz ak rlixlzkr|) zk bla kfzl $ilpoak kfzl okaflnrl-ezém&. J ) O|zsmz xkzk omnlorkz ak zlofzo|ak) ofn bl kfzl! lafifnknbm ak lnrzkbk bl kfzl ltrlznm. Z J 6 8 ? 8 D
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O ) Iknbm xkzk korfukz la ulnrfakbmz _f sl mjslzuk |nk bfsifn|ofn ln la v la kfzl komnbfofmnkbm. ok|bka bl kfzl xmz ams bfe|smzls! ulzfef) B ) Iknbm xkzk ak bfsrzfj|ofn bla {|l aks omnbfofmnls bla efarzm $sf bfsxm) nfjal& v s|srfrðvkam sf ls nlolskzfm $ulk kfzl. s|srfr|ofn bla efarzm knrfxmaln v okzjn korfum ln la xakn bl iknrlnfiflnrm ln KFZL KOMNBFOFMNKBM la okxér|am B&. $ZLEZFCLZKOFMN& 2& Omnlorl la kfzl komnbfofmnkbm Xkzk mjrlnlz |nk zlezfclzkofn zëxfbk kjzflnbm la slalormz O)efc. <<. ln la dkjfrëo|am bl ams uldéo|ams l{|f) <& _f ls xmsfjal! kjzk rmrkailnrl m xkbms omn kfzl komnbfofmnkbm! mxlzl la ka ilnms |n xmom aks ulnrknfaaks bl aks sfsrlik bl ak sfc|flnrl iknlzk0 x|lzrks blaknrlzks xmz |n jzlul xlzém) ;& Iknbm xkzk ak rlixlzkr|zk bla bm $bl : k ? ifn|rms omim iëtfim& kfzl K)efc. << rmrkailnrl xmsfofmnkbm xkzk {|l dkvk |nk ofzo|akofn fnrlnsk k ak fp{|flzbk. ln la dkjfrëo|am. Lnslc|fbk oflzzl aks :& O|zsmz bla ulnrfakbmz O)efc. <<0 ifsiks. xmsfofmnkbm ln ak ulamofbkb iëtfik. ?& Iknbm xkzk ak bfsrzfj|ofn bla OKALEKOOFMN kfzl B)efc. << fnbfokbmz ln M ! xkzk Xkzk aks e|nofmnls bl okalekoofn v omnrzmakz {|l rmbks aks skafbks bl kfzl ulnrfakofn! nm xmnck ln e|nofmnkifln) lsræn kjflzrks. rm la kfzl komnbfofmnkbm! sfnm |rfafol Omn la o|zsmz ln xmsfofn u ls smakilnrl ak fnsrkakofn bl okaleko) korfukbk smakilnrl ak ofzo|akofn bla ofn v ulnrfakofn $omns|arl la okxér|am kfzl fnrlznm. knrlzfmz&. Kac|nks ulzsfmnls smn xzmufsrks bl efarzm knrfxmaln! fnsrkakbm ln ak ok`k bl ulnrfakofn-kfzl komnbfofmnkbm! omn la mj`lrfum bl efarzkz la kfzl lnufkbm ka fn) rlzfmz bla uldéo|am.
BL_LIXKÛKIFLNRM ZKXFBM La kfzl komnbfofmnkbm ls i|v ðrfa xkzk kolalzkz la blslixkûkiflnrm xmz) {|l blsd|ilblol la kfzl. Ls s|efofln) rl zlc|akz ams iknbms xkzk ak e|nofn bl blslixkûkiflnrm! v korfukz la kfzl komnbfofmnkbm! xzlsfmnknbm la x|ask) bmz O)efc. <<. Xkzkjzfsks v ufbzfms akrlzkals ;& Komnbfofmnkbmz bl kfzl omnlork) bm O)efc. <<. :& Iknbm xkzk ak rlixlzkr|zk bla kf) zl omixalrkilnrl cfzkbm dkofk ak blzl) odk b|zknrl ams béks ezéms m ln la slormz kp|a omixalrkilnrl cfzkbm dkofk ak fp{|flzbk b|zknrl ams béks oka|zmsms. ?& O|zsmz bla ulnrfakbmz0 fnbfokbmz k ak iëtfik ulamofbkb. 2& Iknbm xkzk ak bfsrzfj|ofn bla kfzl0 fnbfokbmz ln ). <& Zlofzo|akofn bla kfzl blskorfuk) bk. \nk ulp blslixkûkbms-blsomnclak) bms ams ufbzfms! i|luk ams iknbms {|l |rfafpk nmzikailnrl xkzk iknrlnlz x) rfiks omnbfofmnls bl ufsfjfafbkb.
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ZLOFZO\AKOFMN Omn la omiknbm ln ak xmsfofn u ls korfukbk |nk ofzo|akofn bl kfzl fn) rlznk. A|nlrk $ulnrknk rzkslzk& rzifok Xzlsfmnl la x|askbmz $ Ln o|knrm ak a|nlrk sl dkvk blslixkûkbm! al komn) sl`kims {|l blskorful la x|askbmz. K ams :8 ifn|rms bl dkjlz zlkafpkbm ak omnltfn sl blsomnlorkzë k|rmiërfok) ilnrl. KBULZRLNOFK0 sf ak rlixlzkr|zk ltrlzfmz ls i|v kark! korfuknbm ak zlofzo|akofÿn sl kolalzk la xzmolsm bl zlezfclzkofÿn bla kfzl. Lsrk e|n) ofÿn ls i|v ðrfa ln omnbfofmnls bl czkn omnrkifnkofÿn ltrlzfmz $rðnl) als! okzkuknks! lro.&. Bl rmbks emz) iks! nm al komnsl`kims xzmamnckz s| |sm! lsxlofkailnrls sf rmbms ams x|lsrms bla uldéo|am lsrën mo|xk) bms.
KBULZRLNOFK0 sf sl lsrë rzkn) sfrknbm xmz okifnms bl rflzzk m zlcfmnls xmaumzflnrks ln clnlzka! sl zlomiflnbk korfukz ak zlofzo|akofÿn bla kfzl xkzk lufrkz {|l la xmaum! | mrzm rfxm bl xkzréo|aks! x|lbkn fnrzmb|ofzsl ln la fnrlzfmz bla uldé) o|am. KBULZRLNOFK0 xkzk |nk lef) okp e|nofÿn bl blslixkûkiflnrm! iknrlnck ak s|xlzefofl fnrlznk bl ams ufbzfms afixfk v blslnczkskbk. Xkzk ak afixflpk bl ufbzfms |sl |nk xl{|lûk oknrfbkb bl blrlzclnrl nl|rzm bfs|larm ln kc|k. Nm |rf) afol xzmb|orms omn omnrlnfbm bl sfafomnks xkzk aks xkzrls xaësrfoks! x|ls ak sfafomnk sl lukxmzk o|knbm lsrë ltx|lsrk ka sma! omnblnsënbmsl smjzl ams ufbzfms fnrlznms v xlz`|) bfoknbm la blslixkûkiflnrm v ak ufsfjfafbkb nmr|znk.
XKAKNOK_ BLA UMAKNRL XKAKNOK FP[\FLZBK Zlðnl ams iknbms bl aks a|ols ltrlz) nks v bl aks a|ols bl cfzm. Aks a|ols ltrlznks smakilnrl sl x|l) bln lnolnblz omn ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln xmsfofn IKZ. $ltolxrm e|nofn Em) aams il dmil &. O|knbm sl lnoflnbln aks a|ols lt) rlzfmzls! sl fa|ifnk la o|kbzm bl fns) rz|ilnrms v ams bfsrfnrms iknbms bla rkjalzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms.
A|ols bl xmsfofÿn $a|ols bl o|kzrms& ) efc. <5 _l lnoflnbln cfzknbm ak lix|ûkb|zk blsbl ak xmsfofn ì k ak xmsfofn 5. Ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms sl lnoflnbl ak zlsxlorfuk aëixkzk xfamrm ?. A|ols jk`ks $a|ols bl oz|ol& ) efc. <3 _l lnoflnbln cfzknbm ak lix|ûkb|zk blsbl ak xmsfofn 5 k ak xmsfofn :.
A|ols karks $a|ols bl okzzlrlzk& ) efc. <4 _l lnoflnbln omn ak xkaknok ln ak xmsfofn :! lix|`knbm ak xkaknok dk) ofk la rkjalzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms. _l fa|ifnk la slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm ; ln la rkjalzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms. _l kxkckn rfzknbm bl ak xkaknok dkofk la umaknrl.
Z J : 8 : 8 N L 2
efc. <5
Z J 2 8 : 8 N L 2
efc. <4 Z J ? 8 : 8 N L 2
efc. <3
C|fûkbks ) efc. 58 _l lifrln c|fûkbks imuflnbm ak xkakn) ok dkofk la umaknrl $xmsfofn fnlsrkjal&. A|ols bl cfzm $a|ols bl bfzloofÿn& ) efc. <6 _l lnoflnbln blsxakpknbm ak xkaknok0 dkofk kzzfjk ) xkzk ak a|p bl cfzm bla akbm blzlodm. dkofk kjk`m ) xkzk ak a|p bl cfzm bla akbm fp{|flzbm. Ln la rkjalzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms sl fa|) ifnk la slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm v omn a|p fnrlzifrlnrl. Aks a|ols bl cfzm sl kxkckn k|rmië) rfokilnrl o|knbm sl lnblzlpk ak bfzlo) ofn. Ln oksm bl {|lzlz dkolz |nk slûka zëxfbkilnrl! i|luk ak xkaknok dkofk kzzfjk m dkofk kjk`m sfn aalckz ka efnka bl s| zlomzzfbm. Ka smarkz ak ifsik! u|lauk k s| xmsfofn bl xkzrfbk.
Z J < 8 : 8 N L 2
efc. <6
Z J 5 8 : 8 N L 2
efc. 58
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_fsrlik Emaam il Dmil ) efc. 58 v 5; Lsrl sfsrlik xlzifrl iknrlnlz ams ek) zms lnolnbfbms ?8 slc|nbms dksrk :;8 slc|nbms omim iëtfim! m slk! 3 koofm) nkiflnrms omnslo|rfums bl ak xkaknok bl aks a|ols bl xmsfofn $o|kzrms& dkofk la umaknrl! blsx|æs bl dkjlz {|frkbm ak aakul bla omni|rkbmz bl kzzkn{|l. A|lcm bl dkjlz sfbm omzrkbm la ln) olnbfbm! la sfsrlik xlzifrl |n rflixm bl : ifn|rms xkzk {|l la ‑Emaams il ‑ xlzifrk slz koofmnkbm. Blsx|æs bl lsrl rflixm! omnlorl v u|lauk k blsomnlorkz la lnolnbfbm xkzk korfukz lsrk e|nofn. Xkzk okbk koofmnkiflnrm bla omikn) bm bl blsrlaam! la rflixm {|l xlziknl) olzën aks a|ols lnolnbfbks ls fnozliln) rkbm ln ?8 slc|nbms! dksrk |n iëtfim bl < ifn|rms. Z J < ? : 8 N L 2
efc. 5;
_f ak xkaknok e|l koofmnkbk v iknrl) nfbk xzlsfmnkbk b|zknrl : slc|nbms! ak e|nofn ls oknolakbk v ak a|p bla ekzm sl kxkck. \nk ulp korfukbm! b|zknrl :8 slc|n) bms! kxkzlolzë ln la bfsxakv bla o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms |nk fnbfokofn bl {|l la sfsrlik lsrë korfukbm omn la rflixm bl b|zkofn xkzk la o|ka e|l k`|srkbm. Xkzk blskorfukz la sfsrlik Emaams il dmil jksrk iknrlnlz ak xkaknok bl iknbm ln ak xmsfofn bl c|fûkbk bl ams ekzms karms! b|zknrl |n rflixm s|) xlzfmz k : slc|nbms . Mrzk iknlzk bl kxkckz la sfsrlik ls xmnlz ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln IKZ.
XKAKNOK BLZLODK Zlðnl rmbms ams iknbms xkzk ak afi) xflpk bla xkzkjzfsks.
Afixfkxkzkjzfsks-akukxkzkjzfsks ) efc. 5:. E|nofmnk ðnfokilnrl omn ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln xmsfofn IKZ. ì ) Afixfkxkzkjzfsks blrlnfbm. F ) E|nofmnkiflnrm fnrlzifrlnrl- k|rmiërfom $omn slnsmz bl aa|ufk&. Ka) c|nks ulzsfmnls xlzifrln o|krzm rfxms bl fnrlzifrlnofk& bl ak iës alnrk k ak iës zëxfbk& efc. 5?. : ) E|nofmnkiflnrm omnrfn|m alnrm. ? ) E|nofmnkiflnrm omnrfn|m zëxf) bm. 2 ) E|nofmnkiflnrm rlixmzkzfm v omnrfn|m zëxfbm0 ka smarkz ak xkaknok! lsrk u|laul k ak xmsfofn ì v la afixfk) xkzkjzfsks sl blrflnl k|rmiërfokiln) rl.
Z J : : : 8 N L 2
efc. 5:
Z J 2 : : 8 N L 2
efc. 5?
Blsxakpknbm ak xkaknok dkofk la um) aknrl efc. 52 sl koofmnk ak jmijk bla aé{|fbm bla akukxkzkjzfsks.
Akukbm fnrlafclnrl ) efc. 52 Rfzknbm bl ak xkaknok dkofk la umakn) rl ls xmsfjal korfukz omn |n smam imuf) iflnrm la afixfkxkzkjzfsks v la s|zrfbmz bla afixfkxkzkjzfsks. La s|zrfbmz lnrzk ln koofn k|rmiërf) okilnrl! sf ak xkaknok bl omiknbm ls koofmnkbk xmz iës bl ilbfm slc|nbm. La afixfkxkzkjzfsks sl blskorfuk a|lcm bl ak afjlzkofn bl ak xkaknok! iflnrzks lsrl l`lo|rk ams ðarfims imufiflnrms bl afixflpk. Rzks kac|nms slc|nbms! ln ka) c|nks ulzsfmnls! x|lbl zlkafpkz |n ða) rfim imufiflnrm bl afixflpk v a|lcm blskorfukzsl.
Kapknbm zlxlrfbk v zëxfbkilnrl $ln rflixm fnelzfmz k ilbfm slc|nbm& ak xkaknok bl omiknbm! xmbzë slz x|aul) zfpkbk |n ëzlk bla xkzkjzfsks sfn korfukz la afixfkxkzkjzfsks.
Ksfsrlnofk k ak ikzodk krzs Ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls la afixfka|nlrk ls korfukbm o|knbm la afixfkxkzkjzfsks lsrë ln e|nofmnkiflnrm v sf komxak ak ikzodk krzës bla uldéo|am.
Akuka|nlrk-afixfka|nlrk $afixfkbmz bl ulnrknk rzkslzk& ) efc. 5< v 55 E|nofmnk smakilnrl omn ak aakul bl fcnfofn ln ak xmsfofn IKZ.
Afixfka|nlrk $afixfkbmz bl ulnrknk rzkslzk& ‑fnrlafclnrl’ ) efc. 55 Dkv ? imbms bl e|nofmnkiflnrm bla afixfka|nlrk! blxlnbflnbm bl ak xmsf) ofn bl ak xkaknok0 Imbm ;0 e|nofmnkiflnrm fnrlzifrln) rl. Imbm :0 e|nofmnkiflnrm sfnozmnf) pkbm omn la afixfkxkzkjzfsks. K okbk : ofoams bla afixfkxkzkjzfsks mo|zzl |n ofoam bla afixfka|nlrk. Imbm ?0 e|nofmnkiflnrm omnrfn|m.
Omnrzmals0 ;& cfzl ak lix|ûkb|zk bl ak xmsfofn ì xkzk #7 :& lix|`knbm ak xkaknok dkofk la rkjalzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms $xmsfofn fnls) rkjal&! sl korfukn la s|zrfbmz bla akukbmz v la olxfaam afixfkbmz bl ak a|nlrk. Ka smarkz sl blsomnlorkn kijms.
Z J ? : : 8 N L 2
efc. 52
Z J 4 < 2 8 N L 2
efc. 5<
Z J 8 : ? 8 N L 2
efc. 55
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E|nofÿn ‑Akukbm fnrlafclnrl’ Ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls! rfzknbm bl ak xkaknok dkofk la umaknrl $xmsfofn fnlsrkjal& efc. 55 sl koofmnk la afixfk) a|nlrk. Iknrlnflnbm ak xkaknok ln lsrk xmsf) ofn ls xmsfjal xmnlz ln e|nofmnkifln) rm omn |n sam imufiflnrm ak jmijk bla aé{|fbm v la afixfka|nlrk7 bl dlodm! lsrl ðarfim e|nofmnk k|rmiërfokilnrl sf sl rflnl koofmnkbk ak xkaknok {|l korfuk ak jmijk xmz iës bl ilbfm slc|nbm. Blsx|æs bl dkjlz smarkbm ak xkaknok! la afixfka|nlrk zlkafpk mrzms imufifln) rms bl afixflpk7 blsx|æs bl kac|nms sl) c|nbms zlkafpk |n ðarfim imufiflnrm bl afixflpk v a|lcm sl blskorfuk. _LN_MZ BL AA\UFK $bmnbl lsr xzlufsrm& ) efc. 53 La slnsmz bl aa|ufk K)efc. 53! xzl) slnrl sam ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls! ls |n bfsxmsfrfum lalorznfom {|l b|zknrl la e|nofmnkiflnrm fnrlzifrlnrl bla afixfk) xkzkjzfsks! kbkxrk k|rmiërfokilnrl ak ezlo|lnofk bl ams imufiflnrms bl afi) xflpk k ak fnrlnsfbkb bl ak aa|ufk. Rmbks aks bliës e|nofmnls omnrzmak) bks xmz ak xkaknok blzlodk xlziknloln fnkarlzkbks.
Ka cfzkz ak aakul k ak xmsfofn _RMX la slnsmz bl aa|ufk sl blskorfuk v nm sl zlkorfuk k ak sfc|flnrl x|lsrk ln ikz) odk $aakul ln xmsfofn IKZ& k|n{|l ak xkaknok lsræ rmbkuék ln xmsfofn ;)efc. 55. Ln lsrl oksm xkzk korfukz la slnsmz bl aa|ufk! ls s|efoflnrl xmnlz ak xkaknok ln xmsfofn ì m : v a|lcm! n|lukilnrl ln xmsfofn ;)efc. 54. Ka zlkorfukz la slnsmz bl aa|ufk bl ls) rl imbm! sl ulzfefok xmz am ilnms |n imufiflnrm bl afixflpk bla afixfkxk) zkjzfsks! fnoa|sm o|knbm la ufbzfm lsrë slom xkzk fnbfokz {|l ak zlkorfukofn dk rlnfbm a|ckz. La slnsmz bl aa|ufk lsrë |jfokbm blrzës bla lsxl`m zlrzmufsmz fnrlzfmz ln omnrkorm omn la xkzkjzfsks ln la ëzlk bl afixflpk bla afixfkxkzkjzfsks v bfzfcl |nk olnrzk) afrk lalorznfok {|l k s| ulp omnrzmak la imrmz bla ifsim afixfkxkzkjzfsks.
La slnsmz bl aa|ufk sl korfuk k|rmië) rfokilnrl blsxakpknbm ak xkaknok bl) zlodk k ak xmsfofn ;)efc. 54 v rflnl |n okixm bl zlc|akofn {|l ukzék czkb|ka) ilnrl blsbl ak xmsfofn bl zlxmsm $nfn) cðn imufiflnrm bl afixflpk& o|knbm la xkzkjzfsks lsrë slom dksrk ak xzfilzk ulamofbkb omnrfn|k $e|nofmnkiflnrm omnrfn|m& ln oksm bl aa|ufk fnrlnsk. La fnozlilnrm bl ak slnsfjfafbkb bla slnsmz bl aa|ufk ls slûkafpkbm xmz |n ‑imufiflnrm bl afixflpk’ bl kb{|fsf) ofn v kor|kofn bla iknbm. Koofmnknbm la akukxkzkjzfsks omn la slnsmz bl aa|ufk korfukbm $xkaknok ln xmsfofn ;)efc. 54& sl zlkafpk la ofoam bl akukbm nmzika! ka efnka bla o|ka la slnsmz bl aa|ufk u|laul k s| e|nofmnk) iflnrm k|rmiërfom nmzika.
Z J : : : 8 N L 2
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efc. 53
efc. 54
Okbk ulp {|l sl xmnl ln ikzodk la imrmz! la slnsmz bl aa|ufk sl lsrkjfafpk k|rmiërfokilnrl k |nk rlixlzkr|zk bl |nms 28¸O xkzk lafifnkz bl ak s|xlzefofl omnrzmakbk |nk xmsfjal omnblnskofn l fixlbfz ak emzikofn bl dflam.
) bfelzlnofk lnrzl la bék v ak nmodl La slnsmz bl aks a|ols sl korfuk kxzfl) $ak s|xlzefofl im`kbk bla ufbzfms im) rknbm la jmrn K)efc. 56. Bl lsrk emzik alsrk i|odm iës k ak ufsrk b|zknrl ak sl korfuk la lnolnbfbm k|rmiërfom bl nmodl&. aks a|ols bl xmsfofn v bl aks a|ols jk) `ks sfi|arënlkilnrl ln e|nofn bl ak Ln oksm bl dflam m ekncm smjzl la xk) zkjzfsks! omnrzmal {|l la bfsxmsfrfum lsræ a|ifnmsfbkb ltrlzfmz. blskorfukbm. Ak slnsfjfafbkb bla slnsmz bl aks a|) ols x|lbl zlc|akzsl slcðn ? nfulals! Nm korful la slnsmz bl fnoa|sm omn la uldéo|am ln ikzodk! aa|ufk ln |nk lsrkofÿn bl _LN_MZ BL A\IFNM_FBKB omn ams jmrmnls k! Ü m Ò |jfokbms ln akukbm k|rmiërfom bl uldé) LTRLZNK $_lnsmz ozlx|so|akz k|rm ak imab|zk ka akbm bl ak oma|ink bl o|ams. akix& $bmnbl lsr xzlufsrm& ) efc. 56 bfzloofn $omns|arl jmrmnls bl iknbm Lsrë omix|lsrm xmz |n slnsmz omn ln la kxkzrkbm ‑iv okz’ ln la xzlslnrl O|knbm afixfl la xkzkjzf) alb fnezkzzm`m fnsrkakbm ln la xkzkjzfsks okxér|am&. sks! omnrzmal sflixzl {|l okxkp bl blrlorkz aks ukzfkofmnls bl ak la bfsxmsfrfum lsræ blskorf) fnrlnsfbkb a|ifnmsk ltrlzfmz bla uldé) La slnsmz bl ams ekzms k|rm) o|am! ln e|nofn bl ak slnsfjfafbkb bl ukbm. iërfoms nm x|lbl blrlorkz ak a|p xzmczkikbk7 ikvmz ls ak slnsfjf) ak xzlslnofk bl nfljak! xmz La slnsmz bl aa|ufk ls okxkp bl zlom) afbkb! ilnmz ls ak oknrfbkb bl a|p ltrl) am rknrm ln lsrks omnbfofmnls! ls nmolz v kbkxrkzsl k|rmiërfokilnrl k ak zfmz nlolskzfk xkzk korfukz la lnolnbfbm nlolskzfm lnolnblz ikn|kailnrl xzlslnofk bl aks sfc|flnrls omnbfofmnls k|rmiërfom bl aks a|ols ltrlzfmzls. aks a|ols $sf xzlslnrls&. {|l zl{|flzln |nk bfelzlnrl slnsfjfaf) bkb bl fnrlzulnofn! rkals omim0 O|knbm la slnsmz lnoflnbl aks a|) ) s|oflbkbls ln ak s|xlzefofl omnrzm) ols! ls xmsfjal rkijfæn! lnolnblz ams akbk $blxsfrms bl ska! s|oflbkb! lro.&7 ekzms knrfnfljak $sf lsrën xzlslnrls&7 ka kxkckzsl aks a|ols k|rmiërfokilnrl! sl ) zlsfb|ms $lsrzéks& bl kc|k xzmumok) kxkckn rkijfæn lsrms ðarfims $sf lsrk) bms xmz la blscksrl bl aks lsomjfaaks bla jkn lnolnbfbms&. afixfkxkzkjzfsks7 Xmz am rknrm! ka sfc|flnrl lnolnbfbm K k|rmiërfom bl aks a|ols! slzë nlolskzfm lnolnblz ams ekzms knrfnfljak ln oksm efc. 56 bl nlolsfbkb. Z J 8 ; ? 8 D
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KBULZRLNOFK0 omn la slnsmz korfukbm! ls xmsfjal lifrfz c|fûkbks $omns|arl c|fûkbks&7 xmz am rknrm! sf nlolsfrk lnolnblz aks a|ols karks! cfzl la knfaam bl ak xkaknok fp{|flzbk bla umaknrl k ak xmsfofÿn : v a|lcm! k ak xmsfofÿn ; $omns|arl a|ols karks&. Omn aks a|ols lnolnbfbks k|rmiërf) okilnrl v omn la iknbm bl kxkckbm xmz xkzrl bla slnsmz! sl kxkckn aks a|ols karks v blsx|æs bl |nms ;8 slc|nbms kxzmtfikbkilnrl! sl kxkckn rkijfæn aks a|ols bl xmsfofn.
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efc. 38
_LN_MZL_ BL L_RKOFMNKIFLNRM $bmnbl lsrn xzlufsrms& La sfsrlik bl lsrkofmnkiflnrm blrlork v kufsk ka omnb|ormz smjzl ak xzlslnofk bl mjsrëo|ams ln ak xkzrl xmsrlzfmz bla uldéo|am. Ls |nk uëafbk kv|bk xkzk fblnrfefokz ukaaks! i|zms! jam{|ls bl olilnrm! xk) ams! ikolrks omn xaknrks v sfifakzls m nfûms {|l `|lckn blrzës bla uldéo|am. K rzkuæs bl o|krzm slnsmzls kam`kbms ln la xkzkodm{|ls efc. 38! la sfsrlik ifbl ak bfsrknofk lnrzl la uldéo|am v o|ka{|flz xmsfjal mjsrëo|am7 la omnb|o) rmz ls kbulzrfbm xmz |nk slûka koðsrfok fnrlzifrlnrl {|l e|nofmnk k|rmiërf) okilnrl o|knbm sl komxak ak ikzodk krzës! fnemziënbmal bl {|l bljl bfs) ifn|fz ak bfsrknofk dksrk la mjsrëo|am k|ilnrknbm ak ezlo|lnofk bl ak slûka. La smnfbm bla kufskbmz koðsrfom $p|i) jkbmz& sl omnuflzrl ln omnrfn|m o|knbm ak bfsrknofk ltfsrlnrl lnrzl la uldéo|am v la mjsrëo|am ls fnelzfmz k |nms ?8 oi.
Ak slûka koðsrfok bl`k bl e|nofmnkz fnilbfkrkilnrl sf ak bfsrknofk bla mjs) rëo|am k|ilnrk. Ak slo|lnofk bl aks slûkals koðsrfoks xlziknlol omnsrknrl sf ak bfsrknofk ilbfbk xlziknlol sfn ukzfkofn! iflnrzks! sf lsrk sfr|kofn sl xzlslnrk xkzk ams slnsmzls akrlzkals! ak slûka sl fnrlzz|ixl blsx|æs bl |nms ? slc|nbms xkzk lufrkz! xmz l`lixam! sl) ûkafpkofmnls k am akzcm bl aks xkzlbls.
KBULZRLNOFK0 ln oksm bl knm) ikaék bla sfsrlik! la omnb|ormz ls kufskbm xmz |nk slûka bl kakzik! lufblnofkbk xmz la rlsrfcm ä m la rlsrfcm r $sf lsrë xzlslnrl& `|nrm omn la ilnsk`l {|l sl ufs|kafpk ln la bfsxakv! {|l lnrzk ln e|nofÿn ka komxakz ak ikzodk krzës. Bfsrknofks bl blrloofÿn0 Zkbfm bl koofn olnrzka .. ;<8 » ;8 oi Zkbfm bl koofn akrlzka ..... 58 » ;8 oi _f ams slnsmzls blrlorkn iës bl |n mjsrëo|am! ak olnrzkafrk bl omnrzma slûk) ak la {|l sl lno|lnrzk k |nk bfsrknofk ilnmz.
Ak zlsxmnskjfafbkb bla lsrkofmnkiflnrm v bl mrzks iknfmjzks xlafczmsks ls sflixzl v ltoa|sfukilnrl bla omn) b|ormz. Ka lelor|kz lsrks iknfmjzks! omixz|ljl sflixzl {|l nm dkvkn xlzsmnks $smjzl rmbm nfûms& nf knf) ikals. La sfsrlik bl ksfsrlnofk bljl omnsfblzkzsl sÿam |nk kv|bk ka omn) b|ormz! la o|ka nm bljlz n|nok bfsifn|fz ak krlnofÿn b|zknrl aks iknfmjzks xmrlnofkailnrl xlafczmsks k|n{|l sl lelorðln k jk`k ulamofbkb.
bl akukbm {|l |rfafpkn ië{|fnks débzfoks bl afixflpk omn odmzzm bl ukxmz k kark xzlsfÿn! afixfl zëxfbk) ilnrl ams slnsmzls iknrlnflnbm la x|aulzfpkbmz k iës bl ;8 oi. bl bfsrknofk. Ak fnsrkakofÿn kalkrmzfk bl zlima{|ls x|lbl xlz) `|bfokz la e|nofmnkiflnrm bla sfsrlik KBULZRLNOFK_ CLNLZKAL_
Xkzk la omzzlorm e|nofm) nkiflnrm bla sfsrlik bl B|zknrl aks iknfmjzks bl lsrkofm) ksfsrlnofk ka lsrkofmnkifln) nkiflnrm xzlsrl sflixzl ak iëtf) rm! ls fnbfsxlnskjal {|l ams slnsmzls ik krlnofÿn k ams mjsrëo|ams {|l omamokbms ln la xkzkodm{|ls lsræn xmbzékn lnomnrzkzsl smjzl m bljk) sflixzl afixfms! sfn jkzzm! s|oflbk) `m bl ams slnsmzls. Bl dlodm! ams bls! nflul m dflam. mj`lrms sfr|kbms olzok ln ak xkzrl blaknrlzk m rzkslzk bla uldéo|am! ln kac|nks ofzo|nsrknofks la sfsrlik nm B|zknrl ak afixflpk bl ams blrlork v xmz am rknrm! x|lbln ams slnsmzls! xzlsrl i|odk bkûkz la uldéo|am m ams ifsims krlnofÿn k nm zkvkzams nf slnsmzls. bkûkzams7 xmz am rknrm! nm |sl xkûms sloms! ësxlzms m b|zms. Ams sln) smzls bljln akukzsl omn kc|k afi) xfk v lulnr|kailnrl omn odkixð xkzk k|rmiÿufals. Ln aks lsrkofmnls
Kbliës! ams slnsmzls x|lbln lnufkz fnbfokofmnls karlzkbks xmz la bkûm {|l dkn s|ezfbm ams ifsims m k ok|sk bl s|oflbkbls! nflul m dflam blxmsfrkbms ln ams slnsmzls m xmz ams sfsrliks bl |arzksmnfbms $xmz l`. ezlnms nl|iërfoms bl okifmnls m ikzrfaams nl|iërfoms& xzlslnrls ln ams kazlblbmzls. Ls nlolskzfm rlnlz krlnofÿn lsxl) ofka o|knbm sl komxal ka uldéo|am |n zlima{|l m slif zlima{|l! okzkorl) zfpknbm |nk sfr|kofÿn bfsrfnrk xkzk ams slnsmzls bl lsrkofmnkiflnrm! {|l xmbzën blrlorkz ak |nfbkb kom) xakbk omim sf e|lzk |n mjsrëo|am! slûkaknbm ak omnbfofÿn ka omnb|o) rmz. Olzofÿzlsl bl {|l la lsxkofm xkzk iknfmjzks slk slc|zm! |nk ulp {|l ln lsk sfr|kofÿn ams slnsmzls bl lsrkofmnkiflnrm nm slzën lefokols.
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OMNRZMAL_ La |sm bl aks a|ols bl lilzclnofk ls zlcakilnrk) bm bl emzik {|l aks ifsiks bljln slz koofmnkbks ðnfokilnrl omn la uldéo|am xkzkbm. X\A_KBMZL_ BL IKNBM ) efc. 3; _l lno|lnrzkn sfr|kbms smjzl ams bf) e|smzls bl kfzl olnrzkals. E|nofmnkn smakilnrl omn ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln xmsfofn IKZ. O|knbm sl korfuk |nk e|nofn! sl lnoflnbl la alb omzzlsxmnbflnrl ln la x|askbmz bl iknbm. Xkzk blskorfukzak! u|lauk k xzlsfmnkz la x|askbmz.
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K ) Ekzms bl xzme|nbfbkb ) Jmrn omn fnbfokofn bl e|nofn korfukbk ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms xkzk lnoln) blz-kxkckz ams ekzms bl xzme|nbfbkb $Kbulnr|zl&. E|nofmnkn smakilnrl omn ams ekzms karms lnolnbfbms. J ) Ekzms k|tfafkzls ) Jmrn omn fnbfokofn bl e|nofn korfukbk ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms xkzk lnolnblz- kxkckz ams ekzms k|tfafkzls $sf xzlslnrls&. _makilnrl e|nofmnk sf lsrën lnolnbfbks aks a|ols ltrlznks bl xmsfofn. Ams ekzms k|tfafkzls sl kxkckn okbk ulp {|l ak aak) ul bl kzzkn{|l ls x|lsrk ln _RMX. Xkzk lnolnblzams n|lukilnrl ls nlolskzfm xzlsfmnkz la jmrn J)efc. 3;. O ) A|ols bl lilzclnofk ) _l ln) oflnbln kxzlrknbm la jmrn O! fnblxln) bflnrlilnrl bl ak xmsfofn bl ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l. Omn la bfsxmsfrfum omnlorkbm! la séi) jmam bla fnrlzz|xrmz O v la fblmczkik v ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms sl fa|ifnkn bl imbm fnrlzifrlnrl. Xkzk kxkckz! kxzflrl n|lukilnrl la jmrn.
B) A|nlrk $ulnrknk rzkslzk& ræzif) ok ) Jmrn omn fnbfokbmz bl e|nofmnk) iflnrm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms! xkzk omnlorkz v blsomnlorkz la blsli) xkûkbmz bla ufbzfm rzkslzm. Ln o|knrm ak a|nlrk sl dkvk blslixk) ûkbm! al komnsl`kims {|l blskorful la x|askbmz! xzlsfmnënbmam n|lukilnrl. \n rlixmzfpkbmz blsomnlork k|rm) iërfokilnrl la bfsxmsfrfum blsx|æs bl ams :8 ifn|rms. L ) Jam{|lm bl aks x|lzrks ) Jmrn omn fnbfokofn bl e|nofn korfukbk ln la fnrlzz|xrmz xkzk la oflzzl olnrzkafpkbm bl aks olzzkb|zks bl aks x|lzrks. La alb bl slûkafpkofn lsrkzë sflixzl lnolnbf) bm o|knbm |nk m iës x|lzrk$s& lsræ$æn& kjflzrks m blsjam{|lkbks. La alb lsrkzë kxkckbm o|knbm aks x|lzrks lsræn olzzkbks v jam{|lkbks xmz ilbfm bla jmrn bl slc|zm m ak ulamof) bkb bla uldéo|am slk s|xlzfmz k :8 gi-d $sf ak e|nofn k|rm amog lsrë dkjfafrkbk ln la ilnð iv okz! ln aks ulzsfmnls ln aks {|l lsk mxlzkofn lsræ bfsxmnfjal&. O|knbm aks x|lzrks smn jam{|lkbks iloënfokilnrl xmz ak aakul! la jmrn bl jam{|lm bl x|lzrks slzë blsdkjfafrkbm v la alb bl slûkafpkofn fzë xkzxkblkz dksrk {|l aks x|lzrks sl blsjam{|lln.
_f |nk bl aks x|lzrks nm lsrë jfln olzzkbk! la oflzzl olnrzkafpkbm bl aks x|lzrks slzë zlo|skbm. _f aks x|lzrks lsrën jam{|lkbks v sl kxzflrk la jmrn L)efc. 3;! aks x|lzrks sl blsjam{|lkzën v la alb fzë lnolnblzsl.
Mjslzukofÿn0 sf aks x|lzrks e|lzmn jam{|lkbks iloënfokilnrl xmz ak aakul! ka xzlsfmnkz la jmrÿn bl jam) {|lm bl x|lzrks! nfnc|nk koofÿn slzë mjslzukbk7 xmz am rknrm ln lsk omnbfofÿn la jmrÿn lsrkzë blsdkjf) afrkbm. La jmrÿn slzë zldkjfafrkbm rzks |n blsjam{|lm xmz ilbfm bla fnrlzz|x) rmz fnlzofka! m ln ak omnbfofÿn bl aakul omnlorkbk v oÿbfcm lalorzÿnf) om $EFKR OMBL& zlomnmofbm.
k|tfafkzls! bfzé`ksl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrln) ofk Efkr.
FNRLZZ\XRMZ FNLZOFKA ) efc. 3: Ls |n fnrlzz|xrmz bl slc|zfbkb {|l sl korfuk ln oksm bl odm{|l! fnrlzz|i) xflnbm ak kafilnrkofn bl omij|srfjal v! xmz omnsfc|flnrl! la imrmz sl kxkck. Ak korfukofn bla fnrlzz|xrmz fnlzofka bl fnrlzz|xofn bl omij|srfjal ls uf) s|kafpkbk xmz la lnolnbfiflnrm bla slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm ä v xmz la ilnsk`l ln la bfsxakv. Ak korfukofn mzfcfnk rkijfæn la bls) jam{|lm k|rmiërfom bl aks x|lzrks v la lnolnbfiflnrm bl aks a|ols fnrlznks b|) zknrl kxzmtfikbkilnrl ;< ifn|rms.
XZLBF_XM_FOFßN XKZK EKZM_ K\TFAFKZL_ ) efc. 3; La uldéo|am xmsll xzlbfsxmsfofn xkzk ekzms k|tfafkzls. La jmrn bl ikn) bm J)efc. 3; lsrkzë dkjfafrkbm omn s| zlsxlorfum alb o|knbm la omixmnlnrl ls fnsrkakbm. Xkzk fnsrkakofn bl ekzms
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_f! blsx|æs bl |n koof) blnrl! kbuflzrl mamz bl omij|srfjal m xæzbfbks ln la sfsrlik bl kafilnrkofÿn! nm zlko) rful la fnrlzz|xrmz! lufrkzë la xlafczm bl fnolnbfm. Fnsxloofmnl o|fbkbmskilnrl la ul) déo|am xkzk olzofmzkzsl bl {|l nm dkv xæzbfbks bl omij|srfjal! xmz l`lixam! ln la omezl bla imrmz! xmz bljk`m bla uldéo|am m olzok bla blxsfrm. _f nm sl nmrkn xæzbfbks bl omij|s) rfjal v la uldéo|am lsrë ln omnbfofmnls bl zllixzlnblz ak ikzodk! xzlsfmnl la x|askbmz K xkzk zlkorfukz la sfsrlik bl kafilnrkofn v lnolnblz aks a|ols. Blsx|æs bla odm{|l! cfzl ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l k ak xmsfofn _RMX xkzk lufrkz {|l sl blsokzc|l ak jkrlzék.
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L[\FXKIFLNRM FNRLZFMZ
OMN@\NRM BL A\P FNRLZNK Omn`|nrm bl ak a|p fnrlznk blaknrlzk efc. 32. La uldéo|am! slcðn ak ulzsfn! x|lbl lsrkz l{|fxkbm omn |nm bl ams bms omn) `|nrms bl a|p fnrlznk efc. 32. La fnrlzz|xrmz K)efc. 32 lnoflnbl- kxkck aks aëixkzks. Omn la fnrlzz|xrmz K ln ak xmsfofn olnrzka! aks aëixkzks O v B lnoflnbln- kxkckn omn ak kxlzr|zk bl ak x|lzrk bl) aknrlzk. Omn la fnrlzz|xrmz K ln ak xmsfofn ;! aks aëixkzks xlziknloln kxkckbks. Omn la fnrlzz|xrmz K ln ak xmsfofn :! aks aëixkzks xlziknloln lnolnbfbks. La lnolnbfbm-kxkckbm bl aks aëixk) zks ls xzmczlsfum.
C\KNRLZK Xkzk kjzfz! rfzl bl ak iknf`k K)efc. 3?. Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! rfzl bl ak iknf`k J)efc. 3? xkzk kjzfz ak c|knrlzk s|xlzfmz. N|nok ufk`l omn ak c|kn) rlzk kjflzrk. Ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls ak c|knrlzk xm) sll fa|ifnkofn fnrlznk! {|l e|nofmnk o|knbm sl kjzl ak rkxk.
Z J 3 3 8 8 D
Z J 3 ; ; 8 D
J ;
:
K
efc. 3?
efc. 32
La fnrlzz|xrmz J slaloofmnk la akbm bla omn`|nrm {|l sl blslk lnolnblz. Xkzk lnolnblz-kxkckz ak aëixkzk O! kxzflrl la akbm fp{|flzbm bla fnrlzz|x) rmz. Xkzk lnolnblz-kxkckz ak aëixkzk B! kxzflrl la akbm blzlodm bla fnrlzz|xrmz.
KBULZRLNOFK0 knrls bl skafz bla uldéo|am! olzofÿzlsl bl {|l ams bms fnrlzz|xrmzls lsræn ln ak xmsfofÿn olnrzka. Olzzknbm aks x|lzrks! aks a|ols bljlzën kxkckzsl! xkzk lufrkz {|l ak jkrlzék sl blsokzc|l. Ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls! sf la fnrlzz|xrmz lsrë ln ak xmsfofn ‑sflixzl lnolnbf) bm’! aks a|ols sl kxkckn k|rmiërfok) ilnrl rzks ;< slc|nbms.
Rlixmzfpkofÿn bl ak a|p fnrlznk Ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls! xkzk xzmxmzofm) nkz kcfafbkb k ak lnrzkbk bla uldéo|am ln lsxlofka ln a|ckzls xmom fa|ifnkbms! sl lnoflnbl ak aëixkzk bl a|p fnrlznk! o|knbm ls blsrzkjkbk |nk bl aks x|lz) rks. _l bfsrfnc|ln bms omnbfofmnls F) Aakul ln MEE O|knbm sl kjzl |nk bl aks x|lzrks ak) rlzkals sl lnoflnbl ak a|p fnrlznk xmz ?8 slc|nbms. _f b|zknrl ak kxlzr|zk bl |nk bl aks x|lzrks! sl kjzl mrzk! omiflnpk bl n|lum la omnrlm bla rflixm. _f ak x|lzrk lsrë kjflzrk b|zknrl iës bl ?8 slc|nbms! ak a|p fnrlznk ls bls) omnlorkbk dksrk ak xztfik kxlzr|zk bl |nk bl aks x|lzrks. _f b|zknrl ams ?8 slc|nbms sl oflzzk |nk x|lzrk! ls korfukbm |n slc|nbm omnrlm bl rflixm bl ?8 slc|nbms! {|l sl fnrlzz|ixl! sf sl omamok ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln IKZ. La lnolnbfbm bl ak a|p fnrlznk sl xzm) b|ol xmz |n rflixm bl bms ifn|rms bls) x|æs bl |nk blskorfukofn bl ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l. Lsrk e|nofn ls dkjfafrkbk sf ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l e|l skokbk bla
LNOLNBLBMZ BL OFCKZZFAAM_ ) efc. 35 E|nofmnk sam omn ak aakul bl lnoln) bfbm ln ak xmsfofn IKZ. Xzlsfmnl la jmrn K bla lnolnblbmz7 blsx|æs bl |nms ;< slc|nbms la jmrn u|laul k|rmiërfokilnrl k s| xmsfofn fnfofka v la lnolnblbmz bl ofckzzfaams lsrë afsrm xkzk slz |rfafpkbm.
Zlsxkabm bla ksflnrm ) efc. 36 Kac|nks ulzsfmnls xmslln |n jmasfaam xmzrkmj`lrms ln ak xkzrl rzkslzk bla zls) xkabm bl ams ksflnrms blaknrlzms.
Xkzk ams x|lsrms rzkslzms ) J)efc. 34 La olnfolzm ls ltrzkéjal v x|lbl slz omamokbm ln la kam`kiflnrm xmzrkuksms ln ak xkzrl rzkslzk bl ak omnsmak oln) rzka.
Z J 8 : ; 8 D
J
XMZRKUK_M_ ) efc. 33 v 34 Ln ak omnsmak olnrzka dkv bms omi) xkzrfiflnrms xkzk xmnlz! omn la uldéo|) am xkzkbm! uksms m akrks bl jljfbks. Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls dkv |n xmzrkuksms ln ak omnsmak olnrzka xkzk ams xksk`lzms bl ams ksflnrms rzkslzms.
efc. 34 Z J 6 ; ; 8 D
K
Ln la rlodm ) efc. 48 Kac|nks ulzsfmnls xmslln bms xmz) rkmj`lrms ln la rlodm. Xkzk kjzfzams! xzl) sfmnl ak rzkjk v rfzl dkofk kjk`m omim fnbfokbm ln ak ealodk efc. 48.
Z J 6 : 8 8 D
i : < ; 8 8 D 8 E
J
efc. 33
efc. 36
efc. 48
XKZK_MAL_ ) efc. 4: X\LZRK_ Lsrën sfr|kbms ka akbm bla lsxl`m zl) rzmufsmz fnrlznm. _l x|lbl mzflnrkzams X\LZRK_ AKRLZKAL_ dkofk kblaknrl m dkofk la akbm. Ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls! blrzës bla xkzk) sma bla akbm bla omnb|ormz dkv |n jmasf) Kxlzr|zk ikn|ka blsbl ke|lzk Cfzl ak aakul k ak xmsfofn :)efc. 4? v aam xkzk bmo|ilnrms v |n lsxl`m. rfzl bl ak iknf`k bl kxlzr|zk.
Ln ak xkzrl blaknrlzk bla rlodm ) efc. 4; Kac|nks ulzsfmnls xmslln bms xmz) rkmj`lrms ln ak xkzrl blaknrlzk! smjzl ams xkzksmals.
K
Oflzzl ikn|ka blsbl ke|lzk Cfzl ak aakul k ak xmsfofn ;.
Z J ; : ; 8 D
efc. 4;
Z J 5 8 8 8 D
efc. 4:
Z J ? 5 8 8 D
efc. 4?
Kxlzr|zk-oflzzl ikn|ka bl aks x|lz) rks blaknrlzks blsbl kblnrzm Kxlzr|zk0 rfzl bl ak xkaknok K)efc. 42. _f |nk x|lzrk lsrë ika olzzkbk! sl ln) oflnbl rkijfæn la slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm ² ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms $smak) ilnrl kac|nks ulzsfmnls&.
Aluknrkufbzfms laorzfoms blaknrlzms efc. 43 Ln la kxmvkjzkpms bl ak x|lzrk bla akbm omnb|ormz sl lno|lnrzkn bms fnrl) zz|xrmzls {|l sl koofmnkn omn ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln xmsfofn IKZ0 K ) ufbzfm blaknrlzm fp{|flzbm J ) ufbzfm blaknrlzm blzlodm Ln la kxmvkjzkpms bl ak x|lzrk bla akbm bla xksk`lzm dkv |n fnrlzz|xrmz xkzk la e|nofmnkiflnrm bla ufbzfm om) zzlsxmnbflnrl. Xzlsfmnl la fnrlzz|xrmz xkzk jk`kz la ufbzfm. Rfzl bla fnrlzz|xrmz xkzk kapkzam.
i < < ; 8 D 8 E
efc. 43
ALUKNRKUFBZFM_ OMN E\NOFMN KNRFXLAAFPOM $kac|nks ulzsfmnls& La iloknfsim bla aluknrkufbzfms bl x|lzrks ls bmrkbm bl sfsrlik bl slc|) zfbkb {|l jam{|lk la imufiflnrm bl s|jfbk bla ufbzfm. Oksm sl fnrlzxmnck kacðn mjsrëo|am lnrzl :88 ii v 2 ii ln s| zlomzzfbm! la ufbzfm xzlsfmnkzë rka mjsrëo|am b|zknrl kac|nms slc|nbms v a|lcm fnuflzrl la slnrfbm bl zlomzzfbm! dksrk la aéifrl iénfim bl <8 ii. Ak e|nofn knrfomnr|sfn sl blsdk) jfafrkzë sf mo|zzl |nk bl aks sfc|flnrls sfr|kofmnls0
K
) _f sl dkoln :8 imufiflnrms s|ol) sfums bl ksolnsm v blsolnsm bla ufbzfm! sfn kaoknpkz la aéifrl s|xlzfmz m fnelzfmz bla ufbzfm. ) _f sl dkoln < imufiflnrms s|ol) sfums bla ufbzfm! korfuknbm la sfsrlik knrfomnr|sfn sfn {|l la ufbzfm kaoknol la aéifrl fnelzfmz. ) _f sl skok ak jkrlzék bla uldéo|am. ) _f sl blsomnlork ak olnrzka lalorz) nfok m la okjalkbm laæorzfom bla sfsrlik bl ufbzfms. Ak zlxzmczkikofn $zldkjfafrkofn& bl ak e|nofn knrfomnr|sfn sl dkol korfuknbm ak rloak bla zlsxlorfum ufbzfm v iknrlnflnbm la ufbzfm ln la aéifrl s|) xlzfmz omn ak rloak xzlsfmnkbk b|zknrl : slc|nbms. Ak koofn sl bljl lelor|kz xkzk okbk ufbzfm {|l lsræ omn ak e|nofn blsdkjfafrkbk. La ufbzfm {|l xflzbl ak xzmczkikofn e|nofmnk xk|skbkilnrl $‑skarknbm’&! nlolsfrknbm i|odks korfukofmnls o|z) rks v s|olsfuks bla fnrlzz|xrmz bla ufbzfm xkzk olzzkzam omixalrkilnrl. Ln lsk sfr|kofn! ams albs bl ams fn) rlzz|xrmzls xkzxkblkn omnsrknrlilnrl o|knbm ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l lsrë ln ak xmsfofn ‑IKZ’.
Oflzzl bla ufbzfm laæorzfom omn aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln srmx m e|lzk bla omni|rkbmz
Aluknrkufbzfms laorzfoms rzkslzms $ka) c|nks ulzsfmnls& ) efc. 44 v 46 Ln la kxmvkjzkpms bl okbk x|lzrk rzk) slzk dkv |nk rloak bl iknbm K)efc. 44 Omn ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln xmsfofn xkzk ak korfukofn bla zlsxlorfum ufbzfm. _RMX! m jfln! e|lzk bla omni|rkbmz Ak rloak bljl slz xzlsfmnkbk xkzk jk`kz bl kzzkn{|l! ams aluknrkufbzfms xlz) la ufbzfm v rfzkbk xkzk olzzkzam. iknloln korfukbms b|zknrl : ifn|rms Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls! dkv rkijfæn kxzmtfikbkilnrl! xkzk {|l ams ufbzfms x|lbkn slz olzzkbms! sf aks x|lzrks nm iknbms bl ams aluknrkufbzfms laæorzfoms rzkslzms ln la kxmvkjzkpms bla akbm bla lsrën kjflzrks. omnb|ormz efc. 46. Ams aluknrkufbzfms sl blskorfukn K) Aluknrkufbzfm blaknrlzm fp{|flzbm fnilbfkrkilnrl sf sl kjzl |nk bl aks J) Aluknrkufbzfm blaknrlzm blzlodm x|lzrks. Rzks lsl rflixm! sf nm sl dk olzzkbm O) Aluknrkufbzfm rzkslzm fp{|flzbm ams ufbzfms! xmnck ak aakul ln IKZ xkzk B) Aluknrkufbzfm rzkslzm blzlodm {|l x|lbk dkolzam. L) Iknbm xkzk jam{|lkz-blsjam{|lkz Lsk omzrlsék ls lsxloéefok xkzk uldé) la e|nofmnkiflnrm bl ams ufbzfms rzksl) o|ams omn e|nofn knrfomnr|sfn. zms $o|knbm lsrën jam{|lkbms ams alukn) rkufbzfms rzkslzms! ak fa|ifnkofn bl s|s rloaks bl iknbm sl kxkckn&. Z J : 6 8 8 D
La rlodm xzkorfokjal xmsll |n sfsrlik bl slc|zfbkb knrfomnr|sfn {|l zlomnm) ol ak lulnr|ka xzlslnofk bl |n mjsrëo|) am b|zknrl la imufiflnrm bl oflzzl bla ufbzfm. O|knbm ulzfefok ak xzlslnofk bl |n mjsrëo|am! la sfsrlik fnrlzz|ixl l fnuflzrl! fnilbfkrkilnrl! la slnrfbm bl imufiflnrm bla ufbzfm. La rlodm xzkorfokjal sl omnsrfr|vl bl bms ufbzfms! |nm ef`m v mrzm iufa. La uf) bzfm iufa ls bmrkbm bl |nk xlzsfknk xkzk xzmrloofn omnrzk ams zkvms smakzls! {|l sl x|lbl imulz ikn|kailnrl xkzk olzzkz m kjzfz.
i 4 6 8 8 D 8 E
efc. 6;
La imufiflnrm bla rlodm xzkorfokjal smakilnrl ls xmsfjal omn ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l ln ak xmsfofn IKZ. La fnrlzz|xrmz bl koofmnkiflnrm lsrë |jfokbm olzok bla xaken blaknrlzm bla rlodm.
Kxlzr|zk Kxzflrl la jmrn K)efc. 6; v iknræn) ckam xzlsfmnkbm xkzk omamokz la ufbzfm blaknrlzm ln ak xmsfofn kjflzrk $xmsf) ofn ‑sxmfalz’&. Xzlsfmnl n|lukilnrl la jmrn $iës bl ilbfm slc|nbm& v la imufiflnrm bl kxlzr|zk bla ufbzfm omnrfn|kzë dksrk {|l la ufbzfm sl kjzk rmrkailnrl. _l x|lbl omamokz la ufbzfm ln |nk xmsfofn fnrlzilbfk xzlsfmnkn) bm n|lukilnrl la jmrn. Oflzzl Blsbl ak xmsfofn bl kxlzr|zk omi) xalrk! xzlsfmnl la jmrn J)efc. 6; v iknrænckam xzlsfmnkbm iës bl ilbfm slc|nbm7 la rlodm sl oflzzk k|rmiërf) okilnrl dksrk ak xmsfofn ‑sxmfalz’. Kxzlrknbm n|lukilnrl la jmrn! la uf) bzfm bla rlodm xzkorfokjal xmbzë olzzkz ln |nk xmsfofn fnrlzilbfk. Xzlsfmnl n|lukilnrl la jmrn J v iknrænckam xzlsfmnkbm dksrk la oflzzl omixalrm bla ufbzfm.
Iknfmjzk bl lilzclnofk Ln oksm bl fnomnulnflnrl bl e|nofm) nkiflnrm ln la bfsxmsfrfum laæorzfom bl omnrzma m ln oksm bl iknrlnfiflnrm! la rlodm xzkorfokjal sl x|lbl iknfmjzkz ikn|kailnrl. Xkzk laam! xzmolbk omim sfc|l0 ;) {|frl ak rkxk bl xzmrloofn |jfok) bk olzok bla xaken blaknrlzm bla rlodm! lnrzl aks bms xlzsfknks! dkoflnbm xk) aknok omn |n blsrmznfaakbmz ln la x|nrm fnbfokbm xmz ak ealodk efc. 6:7 :) sk{|l ak aakul ln ‑P’ K)efc. 6:! xzlsfmnënbmak dkofk kzzfjk7 ?) |rfafol ak aakul! fnrzmb|ofænbmak ln la omixkzrfiflnrm J) efc. 6: v a|lcm cézlak0
) ln la slnrfbm dmzkzfm xkzk kjzfz la rlodm xzkorfokjal! ) ln la slnrfbm knrfdmzkzfm xkzk olzzkz la rlodm xzkorfokjal.
Nm kjzk la rlodm o|knbm dkvk nflul m dflam0 xmbzék lsrzmxlkzam. La lixalm fnkxzmxfkbm bla rlodm xzkorfokjal x|lbl slz xlafczmsm. Knrls v b|zknrl s| koofmnkiflnrm! kslcðzlsl sfli) xzl bl {|l ams xksk`lzms nm lsræn ltx|lsrms ka zflscm bl alsfmnls xzm) umokbks rknrm bfzlorkilnrl xmz la rlodm ln imufiflnrm! omim xmz ams lelorms xlzsmnkals {|l x|lbln slz kzzksrzkbms m cmaxlkbms omnrzk la ifsim rlodm. Z J 4 ? ; 8 D
J
efc. 6:
OMIXKZRFIFLNRM BL L[\FXK@L_ $OK@\LAK&
K
KXLZR\ZK-OFLZZL BL AK RKXK Xkzk kjzfz ak rkxk bla ikalrlzm blsbl la ltrlzfmz! blsrzkjl ak olzzkb|zk! cfzkn) bm ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l efc. 6? ln la slnrfbm bl ak ealodk.
Z J 5 : ? 8 D
Ka jk`kz bla uldéo|am! {|frl sflixzl ak aakul bl omnrkorm xkzk lufrkz {|l la rlodm xzkorfokjal! koofmnkbm fnkb) ulzrfbkilnrl! omnsrfr|vk |n xlafczm xkzk aks xlzsmnks {|l xlziknloln ln s| fnrlzfmz. efc. 6?
KBULZRLNOFK0 xkzk lufrkz la ofl) zzl lsxmnrknlm bl ak rkxk bl jkða o|knbm la uldéo|am lsrë smjzl |n xaknm fnoafnkbm7 bljl dkolzsl |n lse|lzpm ikvmz dksrk aalckz ka efnka bla zlomzzfbm.
Ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls! ls xmsfjal kjzfz ak rkxk bla jkða blsbl la fnrlzfmz bla ul) déo|am! rfzknbm bl ak xkaknok K)efc. 62 |jfokbk k ak fp{|flzbk bla ksflnrm bla omnb|ormz. Lnslc|fbk! rfzl bl ak rkxk ln la x|nrm fnbfokbm xmz ak ealodk efc. 6<. Ak kxlzr|zk bl ak rkxk ls ekofafrkbk xmz bms kimzrfc|kbmzls akrlzkals bl cks. Xkzk olzzkz! jk`l ak rkxk! |rfafpknbm ams rfzkbmzls |jfokbms ln ak xkzrl fnrlz) nk K)efc. 65 v s|æarlak |n xmom knrls bla oflzzl. Fixðaslak omn ams blbms dks) rk amczkz la olzzkbm.
Xkzk olzzkzak! slzë nlolskzfm |nk e|lzpk fnfofka ikvmz xkzk ulnolz k ak zlsfsrlnofk bl ams kimzrfc|kbmzls bl s|srlnrkofÿn.
Omamokz koolsmzfms ln ak rkxk bla jkða $zlxfsk rzkslzk& $karmxkz) aknrls- sxmfalzs lro.! ltolxrm o|kn) bm lsræ xzlufsrm xmz la ekjzfoknrl&! x|lbl xlz`|bfokz la omzzlorm e|n) ofmnkiflnrm bl ams kimzrfc|kbmzls akrlzkals k cks! bl ak xzmxfk rkxk. Mj`lrms s|larms bljln slz omamokbms ln la jkða&.
O|knbm |sl la omixkz) rfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls! nm s|xlzl n|nok ams xlsms iëtfims xlzifrfbms $omns|arl la okxér|am ‑Okzkorlzésrfoks ræonfoks’&.
KBULZRLNOFK0 rlnck o|fbkbm bl nm bl`kz ams blbms lnrzl ak rkxk v la oflzzl bl jkða.
Z J 6 ? ; 8 D
La omixkzrfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls sl bljl |skz ltoa|sfukilnrl xkzk la rzkns) xmzrl bl l{|fxk`ls. Z J ? ; 8 8 D
i 2 8 ; 8 D 8 E
K K
efc. 62
efc. 6<
efc. 65
KXLZR\ZK-OFLZZL BL AK RKXK BLA OMIXKZRFIFLNRM BL L[\FXK@L_ V _MXMZRL BL AK Z\LBK BL ZLX\L_RM $ZLEKOOFMN& FBLK KBULNR\ZL Kxlzr|zk Xkzk kjzfz ak rkxk bla omixkzrfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls v la smxmzrl bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm blsbl la fnrlzfmz bla uldéo|am! rfzl bl ak xkaknok K)efc. 62! |jfokbk k ak fp{|flzbk bla ksflnrm bla omnb|ormz. Ln oksm bl zmr|zk bla okjal bl kxlz) r|zk bla omixkzrfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls v smxmzrl bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm blsbl la akbm fnrlznm! rfzl bl ak o|lzbk bl lilz) clnofk! |jfokbk ln la omixkzrfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls! xkzk lelor|kz ak kxlzr|zk bla smxmzrl. Koofmnl ak rzkjk bl slc|zfbkb bla sm) xmzrl K)efc. 63 dkofk kzzfjk7
Oflzzl Xkzk olzzkz ak rkxk bla omixkzrfifln) rm bl l{|fxk`ls! olzofzlsl bl {|l la smxmzrl bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm lsræ kjflzrm v rzkjkbm ln la efnka bla zlom) zzfbm bl kxlzr|zk. Xkzk olzzkz la smxmzrl bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm! rfzl bl ak rzkjk K)efc. 66! xkzk xlzifrfz la oflzzl. Blsx|æs bl dkjlz olzzkbm la smxmzrl bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm! olzofzlsl bl {|l la ifsim lsræ jfln jam{|lkbm.
Rfzl bla smxmzrl bl ak z|lbk bl zl) x|lsrm |rfafpknbm ak iknf`k K)efc. 64 dksrk la jam{|lm ln la efnka bla zlom) zzfbm bl kxlzr|zk.
KBULZRLNOFK0 xkzk lufrkz la ofl) zzl lsxmnrënlm bla smxmzrl bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm! v xmsfjals koof) blnrls! olzofÿzlsl bl {|l la ifsim lsræ rzkjkbm ln la efnka bla zlomzzfbm bl kxlzr|zk.
Z J 3 : ? 8 D
K
Z J 4 : ? 8 D
Z J ? 5 ; 8 D
K K
efc. 63
efc. 64
K
efc. 66
KXLZR\ZK BL LILZCLNOFK BL AK RKXK BLA OMIXKZRFIFLNRM BL L[\FXK@L_ $OK@\LAK& ) efc. ;88 Ak kxlzr|zk bl lilzclnofk bl ak rk) xk bla omixkzrfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls lsrë bfsxmnfjal xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls. Xkzk |rfafpkzak! xzmolbk bl ak sfc|flnrl iknlzk0 ; ) Blsjam{|ll la zlsxkabm bla ksfln) rm rzkslzm v xafæc|lam rmrkailnrl dkofk blaknrl dksrk {|l sl kxmvl ln la om`én bla ksflnrm! omim fnbfokbm ln ‑Kixafk) ofn bla omixkzrfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls’! ln lsrl okxér|am7 : ) K rzkuæs bla kc|`lzm K xzlslnrl ln la rzkulskûm rzkslzm! bljk`m bl ak olzzk) b|zk! blsjam{|ll ak xflpk ilrëafok J xkzk kxlzr|zk bl ak rkxk.
KIXAFKOFMN BLA OMIXKZRFIFLNRM BL L[\FXK@L_ ;& Knrls bl xalckz ams ksflnrms rzksl) zms! omam{|l ams ksflnrms blaknrlzms iës kblaknrl! dkofænbmams zlsjkakz smjzl ams okzzfals. :& Jk`l omixalrkilnrl ams kxmvkok) jlpks bla ksflnrm rzkslzm. ?& _f e|lzk nlolskzfm {|frl ams kxm) vkokjlpks bla ksflnrm rzkslzm $ulz ‑zl) c|akofmnls xlzsmnkafpkbks’ ln lsrl ok) xér|am& v oma{|lams ln la jkða. 2& Blslncknodl la zlsxkabm! |rfaf) pknbm aks xkaknoks akrlzkals K)efc. ;8; ln la slnrfbm bl ak ealodk.
KBULZRLNOFK0 sf dkv okzck ln la omixkzrfifln) rm bl l{|fxk`ls! ls il`mz! ufk`knbm xmz ak nmodl! omnrzmakz v zlc|akz ak kar|zk bla dkp a|ifnmsm bl ams ekzms bl a|p jk`k $ulk Ekzms ln lsrl okxér|am&. Ln oksm bl koofblnrl! mj`lrms xlskbms nm kikzzk) bms x|lbln ok|skz czkuls bkûms k ams xksk`lzms. Ksflnrm rzkslzm ) kixafkofÿn xkzofka. Ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls ls xmsfjal ki) xafkz xkzofkailnrl la jkða! fnoafnknbm la om`én fnbfufb|ka m la bmjal. Xkzk lsm! blsjam{|ll ak xkaknok bl) zlodk m fp{|flzbk K)efc. ;8; v fnoafnl dkofk kblaknrl la om`én blslkbm dksrk mjrlnlz |nk s|xlzefofl bl okzck ðnfok.
Xkzk omamokz la ksflnrm ln s| xmsfofÿn nmzika ;& Lix|`l dkofk krzës la ksflnrm rzk) slzm omixalrm K)efc. ;8?. :& Lix|`l dkofk krzës la zlsxkabm! dkoflnbm xkskz akrlzkailnrl ams ofnr|) zmnls v lncknodkzam k s|s ef`kofmnls. Omixz|ljl {|l la zlsxkabm lsræ jfln ef`kbm. ?& _f dkn sfbm knrlzfmzilnrl bls) imnrkbms! u|lauk k omamokz ams kxmvk) okjlpks. Omn ksflnrm bmjal! ls xmsfjal xalckz slxkzkbkilnrl ak xkzrl fp{|flzbk m ak blzlodk bla ksflnrm.
Xkzk zlimulz ak zlxfsk rzkslzk ;& Blslncknodl aks ltrzlifbkbls s|xlzfmzls K)efc. ;82 bl ams bms rfzkn) rls! blsxzlnbfænbmaks bl s|s xlznms. :& _|larl ams xlznms J)efc. ;8< bl ak zlxfsk rzkslzk bl s|s xzmxfms kam`kifln) rms v a|lcm {|érlak. Blsx|æs bl dkjlz {|frkbm ak zlxfsk rzkslzk x|lbl omamokzak rzknsulzskailn) rl lnrzl ams zlsxkabms bl ams ksflnrms bl) aknrlzms v la zlsxkabm bla ksflnrm rzkslzm xalckbm.
Z J : < ; 8 N L 2
Z J : ; ; 8 D
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OKXM $OMEZL& BLA IMRMZ
?& Aluknrl la okx xmz ak xkzrl oln) rzka v ka ifsim rflixm! s|larl ak ukzfaak bl ef`kofn K)efc. ;84 bl s| bfsxmsfrfum bl jam{|lm. 2& Fnrzmb|pok la ltrzlim bl ak ukzf) aak ln la kam`kiflnrm J bla okx.
Xkzk kjzfz la okxÿ $omezl& bla imrmz ;& Rfzl bl ak xkaknok K)efc. ;85. :& Rfzl ak rzkjk K)efc. ;83! |jfokbk smjzl ak zl`faak ezmnrka! xmz bljk`m bla okx! omim fnbfokbm xmz ak ealodk.
Xkzk olzzkz la okxÿ $omezl& bla imrmz ;& Iknrænckam aluknrkbm omn |nk iknm v omn ak mrzk {|frl ak ukzfaak K) efc. ;84 bla kam`kiflnrm J v oma{|lak ln s| bfsxmsfrfum bl jam{|lm. :& Jk`l la okx dksrk |nms :8 oi bl bfsrknofk bla omezl bla imrmz. ?& Bæ`lam oklz0 la okx sl oflzzk k|) rmiërfokilnrl.
Krlnofÿn0 ak omamokofÿn lzzÿnlk bl ak ukzfaak xmbzék xzmumokz ak okébk ufmalnrk bla okxÿ.
Kslcðzlsl sflixzl bl {|l la okxÿ lsræ jfln olzzk) bm xkzk lufrkz {|l sl kjzk b|zknrl la ufk`l.
_f nlolsfrk dkolz kac|) nk ulzfefokofÿn ln la uknm imrmz! o|knbm lsrl rmbkuék lsræ okaflnrl! nm sl kolz{|l ka lalo) rzmulnrfakbmz0 lsrl x|lbl e|nofmnkz fnoa|sm sfn ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l. Lsxlzl dksrk {|l la imrmz sl lnezél.
Z J ; 8 ; 8 D
Z J 2 ; 8 8 D
Z J 2 4 8 8 D
J K K
efc. ;85
efc. ;83
efc. ;84
XMZRKL[\FXK@L_
EKZM_
_l x|lbl koolblz k aks slbls bl ef`k) ofn blsxakpknbm alulilnrl la j|zalrl bl aks x|lzrks ln ams x|nrms fnbfokbms ln ak efc. ;86. Xkzk rka efn! al zlomzbkims {|l ln ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr x|lbl lnomn) rzkz |n xmzrkl{|fxk`ls lsxlofka xkzk s| uldéo|am Efkr. Xkzk la Fblk Kbulnr|zl! lsrë xzlufsrm |n xmzrkl{|fxk`ls lsxloéefom efc. ;;8.
OMIXLN_KOFMN BL AK FNOAFNKOFMN O|knbm la uldéo|am lsrë okzckbm! sl fnoafnk dkofk krzës v! ln omnslo|lnofk! la dkp a|ifnmsm sl kapk. Ln lsrl oksm! ls nlolskzfm omzzlcfz ak mzflnrkofn.
MZFLNRKOFMN BL AK_ A\OL_ KBULZRLNOFK0 ak mzflnrkofÿn omzzlork bl ams xzmvlormzls ls blrlz) ifnknrl nm sÿam xkzk ak slc|zfbkb v la omnemzr xzmxfm! sfnm rkijfæn xkzk ams xksk`lzms bl ams mrzms uldéo|ams. Ls! kbliës! |nk xzlsozfxofÿn bl aks nmziks bl ofzo|akofÿn. Xkzk ckzkn) rfpkz k |nm ifsim v k ams mrzms omn) b|ormzls aks il`mzls omnbfofmnls bl ufsfjfafbkb o|knbm sl ufk`k omn ams xzmvlormzls lnolnbfbms! la k`|srl bl ams ekzms bljl slz omzzlorm.
Zlc|akbmz bla xzmvlormz ) K)efc. ;;; Xmsfofÿn ; ) uldéo|am omn okzck nmz) ika. Xmsfofÿn : ) uldéo|am k xalnk okzck. Ls fixmzrknrl {|l ams bfsxmsfrfums bl kijms ekzms lsræn mzflnrkbms ln ak ifs) ik xmsfofn. Omnrzmal ak mzflnrkofÿn bl ams ekzms sflixzl {|l okijfl la xlsm bl ak okzck rzknsxmzrkbk.
Xkzk s| omnrzma v zlc|akofÿn bfzé`ksl k |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr. Z J : < 8 8 D
Z J ; < ; 8 D
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:
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BZFUL Jv SFZL Ls |n sfsrlik lalorznfom {|l s|srfr|) vl ka okjal bla kolalzkbmz. \nk kolal) zkofn k rzkuæs bla xlbka ls rzknsifrfbk k |nk olnrzka lalorznfok xmz x|asms laæorzfoms {|l clnlzkn |nk kxlzr|zk bl ak ikzfxmsk bl kolalzkofn. Lsrl sfs) rlik lufrk la blsomnemzr bl rzkims bl kolalzkofn! smjzl rmbm ln zlrmils m blskolalzkofmnls i|v zëxfbks. O|knbm ak jkrlzék lsrë blsomnlorkbk! ak olnrzka xflzbl ak zlelzlnofk bl ak xm) sfofn bla xlbka bla kolalzkbmz. Ln lsrl oksm! la uldéo|am sl {|lbk sfn kolalzk) bmz xmz 28 slc|nbms! xkzk {|l x|lbk slz zlsrkjalofbm |n n|lum xkzëilrzm bl ak xmsfofn bla kolalzkbmz! zlrmznknbm k ak sfr|kofn nmzika.
_F_RLIK KBULNR\ZL AMOGLZ Kac|nks ulzsfmnls Kbulnr|zl x|lbln lsrkz l{|fxkbks omn |n sfsrlik blnm) ifnkbm Kbulnr|zl Amoglz. _l rzkrk bl |n sfsrlik bl jam{|lm bla bfsxmsfrfum iloënfom bl ak rzknsifsfn omnmofbm omim bfelzlnofka! la o|ka sl omnsrfr|vl ln |n zlo|zsm kbfofmnka ln aks sfr|kofm) nls bl lilzclnofk ln aks {|l x|lbk mo|zzfz |nk lulnr|ka xæzbfbk bl krzfrm- kbdlzlnofk bl |nk bl aks z|lbks im) rzfols $zlsxmnskjals xmz ak rzkoofn bla uldéo|am&. La bfelzlnofka bla k|rmiufa ls |n sfsrlik {|l kv|bk la uldéo|am k rmikz aks o|zuks! lelor|knbm |nk lo|kafpk) ofn lnrzl aks z|lbks imrzfols fnrlznk v ltrlznk $omn zlsxlorm k ak o|zuk&! ls blofz! la bfelzlnofka xlzifrl {|l aks z|l) bks blzlodk l fp{|flzbk cfzln k zlum) a|ofmnls bfelzlnrls! slcðn la uldéo|am lsræ rmiknbm |nk o|zuk dkofk |n akbm m dkofk la mrzm akbm. _f nm ltfsrflzl la sfsrlik! la omnrzma bl ak bfzloofn bl |n uldéo|am slzék i|v bfeéofa! |nk ulp {|l ak z|lbk ltrlznk xzlslnrkzékn |nk rlnblnofk k kzzksrzkz ak z|lbk fnrlznk! bljfbm ka zlomzzfbm nkr|zkailnrl ikvmz {|l ak xzfilzk nlolsfrk o|ixafz.
La sfsrlik bl jam{|lm Kbulnr|zl Amo) glz kn|ak rlixmzkailnrl ak e|nofn bla bfelzlnofka! iknrlnflnbm fc|ka la xkz imrmz ${|l ls ak e|lzpk rzknsifrfbk xmz la imrmz& ln kijks z|lbks. Rka sfr|kofn xlzifrl {|l ak z|lbk {|l rlnck iës kb) dlzlnofk ka s|lam! ln k{|la imilnrm! x|lbk imulz la uldéo|am.
CZKUL XLAFCZM0 nm sl bljl |rfafpkz `kis la jam{|lm bla bfel) zlnofka ln amokals omn kbdlzlnofk xalnk! omim uéks ksekarkbks! bl dmzifcÿn! nf rkixmom ln uéks nm xkufilnrkbks {|l mezlpokn j|l) nks omnbfofmnls bl kbdlzlnofk ka xfsm. _f sl korfuk fnbljfbkilnrl la sfsrlik ln aks omnbfofmnls knrl) zfmzilnrl ltx|lsrks! aks z|lbks imrzfols blsafpkzn! bkûknbm ams lalilnrms bl ak rzknsifsfÿn. Ln rkals oksms! la uldéo|am xzl) slnrkz |nk rlnblnofk k slc|fz ln aénlk zlork! omn xmsfjal xzbfbk bla omnrzma bfzloofmnka v omnslo|lnrl zflscms bl koofblnrl. Omim ilbf) bk bl slc|zfbkb! la uldéo|am xmsll |n bfsxmsfrfum k|rmirfom {|l bls) korfuk la sfsrlik o|knbm la uldéo|) am kaoknpk ak ulamofbkb bl :8 gi-d $blrlorkbk xmz ilbfm bl |n slnsmz fnsrkakbm ln la uldéo|am&.
La |sm bla sfsrlik Kbulnr|zl Amoglz ls e|nbkilnrka o|knbm |nk bl aks z|l) bks xflzbl kbdlzlnofk ln la xfsm xmz bmnbl la uldéo|am rzknsfrk! sf s|zcln ln la okifnm mjsrëo|ams rkals omim okzzl) rlzks omn jkzzm! kzlnk! xflbzks! oæsxlb im`kbm v mrzks omnbfofmnls {|l mezlp) okn xmom krzfrm.
Knrls bl |skz la Kbulnr|zl Amoglz! sfn lijkzcm! ls nlolskzfm luka|kz aks omnbfofmnls bla amoka xkzk olz) ofmzkzsl bl {|l lsk koofÿn ls zlka) ilnrl nlolskzfk. Ls zlomilnbkjal! xzlulnrfukilnrl! xkzkz la uldéo|am v korfukz la sfsrlik xmoms ilrzms knrls bl rzknsxmnlz mjsrëo|ams {|l zlxzlslnrln zflscm bl xæzbfbk bl kbdlzlnofk bl aks z|lbks. KBULZRLNOFK0 la sfsrlik Kbulnr|zl Amoglz nm sl blsrfnk k zlomnmolz la rfxm bl xfsm xmz bmnbl la uldéo|am rzknsfrk. Ls sflixzl la omnb|ormz la zlsxmnskjal xmz luka|kz v blofbfz sf dkv nlolsfbkb bl korfukz la sfsrlik! jfln omim mjslzukz aks zlomilnbkofmnls bl slc|zfbkb blsozfrks ln la xzlslnrl ikn|ka.
KBULZRLNOFK0 xkzk {|l mo|zzk la e|nofmnkiflnrm skrfsekormzfm bla sfsrlik Kbulnr|zl Amoglz ls fnbfs) xlnskjal {|l dkvk omnbfofmnls bl kbdlzlnofk ln xmz am ilnms |nk bl aks z|lbks bl rzkoofÿn. La |sm bla Kbulnr|zl Amoglz ls i|v fixmzrknrl rkijfæn ln xlnbflnrls bl xmok kbdlzlnofk! ln aks o|kals la cf) zm ‑afjzl’ bl |nk bl aks z|lbks xmbzék xzmumokz ak xæzbfbk bl rzkvlormzfk bla uldéo|am.
KBULZRLNOFK0 la |sm bla Kbulnr|zl Amoglz ls blskomnsl`kjal ln xlnbflnrls e|lzrls! x|ls ln lsrms oksms dkjzë ak rlnblnofk bl {|l ak ikvmz xkzrl bla xlsm bla uldéo|am sl blsxakol dkofk la l`l rzkslzm. Lsk rzknselzlnofk x|lbl xzmumokz ak ekark bl kbdlzlnofk ln la l`l blakn) rlzm $bmnbl mo|zzl ak rzkoofÿn&! omn xæzbfbk bl rzkvlormzfk v omnslo|ln) rl zflscm bl koofblnrls.
KBULZRLNOFK0 ak bfsxmnfjfafbkb bla sfsrlik Kbulnr|zl Amoglz nm k|ilnrk ak okxkofbkb bla uldéo|am bl s|jfz m kzzknokz ln xlnbflnrls ltolsfukilnrl xzmn|nofkbks $nm zlomilnbkbks&! k|n{|l la xfsm bl ak uék xzlslnrl j|lnks omnbfofmnls bl kbdlzlnofk.
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Xkzk korfukz la sfsrlik! ls mjafckrmzfm {|l la uldéo|am lsræ xkzkbm. Xzlsfmnl la jmrn LAB xzlslnrl la omn`|nrm bl jmrmnls bl omiknbms bla Iv Okz Efkr K)efc. ;;:! |jfokbms bljk`m bl ams bf) e|smzls olnrzkals bl ulnrfakofn. Ak ko) rfukofn mo|zzl smakilnrl omn la xlbka bl ezlnm xzlsfmnkbm.
K LAB
efc. ;;:
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A|lcm bl dkjlz korfukbm la sfsrlik! nm kzzkn{|l jz|s) okilnrl nf bæ rfzmnls ln la lijzkc|l. Kolalzl czkb|kailnrl la uldéo|am! komixkûknbm omn o|fbk) bm s| imufiflnrm k am akzcm bla zlomzzfbm. Lufrl iknfmjzks jz|soks l ak bfzloofÿn v rlnck krlnofÿn k ak xzlslnofk bl xflbzks | mrzms rfxms bl mjsrëo|ams {|l xmbzékn bkûkz ams omixmnlnrls iloënfoms. _mjzl rmbm o|knbm la sfsrlik Kbulnr|zl Amoglz lsræ korfukbm! rmil efzililnrl la umaknrl ðnfok) ilnrl xmz s| xkzrl ltrlznk! |n ulp {|l! blxlnbflnbm bl ak xmsfofÿn bl aks z|lbks ln la imilnrm bl ak korf) ukofÿn bla sfsrlik! x|lbl mo|zzfz |n imufiflnrm jz|som bla ifsim. La lulnr|ka lnb|zlofiflnrm bl ak bfzloofÿn! iflnrzks la Kbulnr|zl Amoglz lsræ korfukbm! ls |nk omnsl) o|lnofk nkr|zka bl ak korfukofÿn bla sfsrlik. KBULZRLNOFK0 la imufiflnrm bla uldéo|am omn la sfsrlik Kbulnr|zl Amoglz korfukbm xmbzë xzmumokz la blsxakpkiflnrm bl xflbzks | mrzms
mj`lrms xzmvlorkbms xmz ak e|lzpk bl rzkoofÿn bl aks z|lbks! am {|l xmbzék ok|skz bkûms k rlzolzms. Fnilbfkrkilnrl blsx|æs bl ak |rfafpkofÿn bla sfsrlik Kbulnr|zl Amoglz sl bljl blskorfukz la ifsim. Xkzk blskorfukz la sfsrlik! xzlsfmnl n|lukilnrl la jmrn LAB. Bl rmbk emzik! la sfsrlik sl blskorfuk k|rmië) rfokilnrl o|knbm la uldéo|am s|xlzl ak ulamofbkb bl slc|zfbkb bl :8 gi-d. La bfelzlnofka jamoknrl $LAB& o|lnrk omn aks sfc|flnrls slûkafpkofmnls bl e|nofmnkiflnrm0 ) Fnbfokofn smnmzk0 ; ‑jfx’ akzcm7 ) Fnbfokofn ufs|ka0 rlsrfcm LAB fnrlz) ifrlnrl! lnolnbfbm iflnrzks la sfsrlik xlziknlpok korfukbm7 ) Ilnsk`l ln la bfsxakv bla o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms0 LAB MN! b|zknrl < slc|nbms. O|knbm la uldéo|am kaoknpk ak ulam) ofbkb bl ;< gi-d! xkzk kufskz {|l ak ulamofbkb bl slc|zfbkb xkzk blskorfuk) ofn k|rmiërfok bla sfsrlik $:8 gi-d& lsrë olzok0
MJ_LZUKOFßN0 ln oksm bl |n fnrlnrm bl korfukofÿn bla sfsrlik omn la uldéo|am ln imufiflnrm! m sfn xfskz ln la xlbka bl ezlnm! la sfsrlik nm sl korfuk v la rlsrfcm LAB sl lnoflnbl b|zknrl kac|nms slc|n) bms ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms! fnbfoknbm {|l la omiknbm bl korf) ukofÿn dk sfbm zlofjfbm! xlzm aks omnbfofmnls bl korfukofÿn nm e|lzmn krlnbfbks.
La sfsrlik Kbulnr|zl Amoglz sl blsrfnk k kv|bkz la omnb|ormz ln iknfmjzks bl lilzclnofk ln aks {|l la sfsrlik xmbzék lufrkz m afjzkz la uldéo|am bl |n lixknrknkiflnrm. _| xzlslnofk nm bljl fnb|ofz la omnb|ormz k rzknsxmnlz mjsrëo|ams slulzms m k zlkafpkz iknfmjzks zkbf) okals xkzk aks o|kals la uldéo|am nm lsrë xzlxkzkbm $ulk aks zlomilnbk) ofmnls lsxloéefoks ln la okxér|am J ) \sm omzzlorm bla uldéo|am&. CZKUL XLAFCZM0 ln oksm bl aluknrkiflnrm bl |nk bl aks z|lbks blaknrlzks! bljfbm k |nk mxlzkofÿn bl iknrl) nfiflnrm bla uldéo|am! la sfsrlik n|nok bljl slz korfukbm. NMRK0 aks ulzsfmnls Kbulnr|zl Amoglz nm xmslln rzkoofÿn ln aks o|krzm z|lbks. _l rzkrk bl |n sfsrl) ik k|tfafkz xkzk il`mzkz ak rzkoofÿn bla uldéo|am! am o|ka sflixzl mo|zzl smakilnrl ln la l`l blaknrlzm.
KJ_ $_F_RLIK BL EZLNM_ KNRFJAM[\LM& La KJ_ $_fsrlik Knrfjam{|lm bl aks Z|lbks& ls |n bfsxmsfrfum {|l! `|nrm ka sfsrlik bl ezlnkbm omnulnofmnka! lufrk {|l sl jam{|lln aks z|lbks xlzifrfln) bm0 ) il`mzkz la omnrzma v ak lsrkjfafbkb bla uldéo|am b|zknrl la ezlnkbm. ) zlb|ofz ka iénfim la lsxkofm bl ezl) nkbm. ) kxzmulodkz ka iëtfim ak kbdlzln) ofk bl okbk nl|iërfom. \nk olnrzka lalorznfok lakjmzk aks slûkals xzmulnflnrls bl aks z|lbks! fblnrfefok aks {|l rflnbln k jam{|lkzsl v mzblnk k |nk olnrzka lalorzmdfbzë|) afok {|l {|frl! iknrlnck m u|lauk k bkz xzlsfn k ams ofafnbzms bl iknbm bl ams ezlnms xkzk {|l nm sl jam{|lln aks z|lbks. La omnb|ormz ls kufskbm {|l la KJ_ lsrë e|nofmnknbm ilbfknrl |nk afclzk x|askofn bla xlbka bla ezlnm komixk) ûkbk xmz |n z|fbm.
Lsrm nm bljl fnrlzxzlrkzsl omim |n e|nofmnkiflnrm knikam bl ams ezlnms! sfnm {|l fnbfok ka omnb|ormz bl {|l la sfsrlik KJ_ lsrë fnrlzufnflnbm ka aéifrl bl ak kbdlzlnofk bfsxmnfjal v {|l xmz am rknrm! ls nlolskzfm kblo|kz ak ulamofbkb ka rfxm bl okzzlrlzk xmz ak {|l sl lsrë ofzo|aknbm.
O|knbm fnrlzulnck la KJ_ v kbuflzrk aks x|askofmnls bla xlbka! nm bfsifn|vk ak xzlsfÿn! bljl slc|fz xfsknbm la xlbka sfn nfncðn iflbm7 bl lsrl imbm! sl blrlnbzë ln la ilnmz lsxkofm xmsfjal! rknrm omim xlzifrk la lsrkbm bla xfsm. Ln oksm bl o|ka{|flz knmikaék! la sfsrlik sl blskorfuk k|rmiërfokilnrl v sam e|nofmnk la sfsrlik bl ezlnms rzkbfofmnka. Ln lsrl oksm! sl lnoflnbl la slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm > ln la rkjalzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms v mo|zzl ufs|kafpkofn bl ilnsk`l ln la bfsxakv $kac|nks ulz) sfmnls&.
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KBULZRLNOFK0 la Efkr Fblk l{|f) xkbm omn KJ_ bljl |rfafpkz ltoa|) sfukilnrl aaknrks! nl|iërfoms v xksrfaaks bl ezlnms bla rfxm v ikzok kxzmjkbms xmz la Ekjzfoknrl. La KJ_ nm ltfil ka \s|kzfm bl |nk omnb|oofÿn xz|bln) rl! smjzl rmbm ln okifnms omn kc|k! jkzzm! kzlnk! lro. Kbulzrlnofks xkzk ams uldéo|ams l{|f) xkbms omn sfsrlik KJ_ ) Blsomnlorl ak jkrlzék v aks olnrzk) als lalorznfoks ln oksm bl smabkb|zks laæorzfoks ln ak okzzmolzék. ) [|frl aks olnrzkals lalorznfoks o|knbm la uldéo|am sl bljl omamokz ln la dmznm bl xfnr|zk $rlixlzkr|zks s|xl) zfmzls k 48°O&. ) Blsomnlorl ams okjals bl ak jkrlzék knrls bl o|ka{|flz zlxkzkofn ln la sfs) rlik KJ_. ) Nm zlrfzl m omam{|l aks |nfbkbls bl omiknbm omn la omni|rkbmz bl lnoln) bfbm omnlorkbm. ) Nm blsomnlorl ak jkrlzék omn la im) rmz ln e|nofmnkiflnrm.
La lnolnbfbm smakilnrl bl ak a|p xfamrm >! omn la imrmz ln e|nofm) nkiflnrm! fnbfok nmzikailnrl |nk knmikaék bla sfsrlik. Ln lsrl oksm! la sfsrlik bl ezlnms iknrlnbzë s| lefoflnofk nmzika! nm ltfsrflnbm xmz am rknrm |nk e|nofÿn knrfjam{|lm bl aks z|lbks. Zlomilnbkims aalukz la uldéo|am ka rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Omnolsfmnkzfms Efkr iës xztfim.
_f sl xzmb|ol la lnolnbfbm bl ak a|p xfamrm > fnbfokn) bm nfula iénfim bl aé{|fbm bl ezlnm. Aalukz la uldéo|am k |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Omnolsfmnkzfms Efkr iës xzÿtfim. Lulnr|kals xæzbfbks bl aé{|fbms bl ezlnms kelorkn la e|nofmnkiflnrm bl ams ezlnms! rknrm ka sfsrlik omnulnofmnka! omim rkijfæn ka sfsrlik KJ_.
Ak lefoflnofk bla sfsrlik ln ræzifnms bl slc|zfbkb korfuk nm bljl fnb|ofz ka omnb|ormz k omzzlz zflscms fnnlolskzfms. Ak omnb|ork k ikn) rlnlz ka umaknrl bljl slz sflixzl ak kblo|kbk! slcðn aks omnbfofmnls krimseæzfoks v bl ufsfjfafbkb bl ak okaal! zlsxlrknbm aks nmziks bl ofz) o|akofÿn. \n ltolsfum |sm bla ezlnm imrmz $ikzodks bliksfkbm omzrks omn xmok kbdlzln) ofk& xmbzék dkolz xkrfnkz aks z|lbks imrzfols. La KJ_ nm rflnl nfncðn lelorm ln lsrl rfxm bl blsafpkiflnrm bl aks z|lbks. _f la sfsrlik KJ_ lnrzk ln e|nofmnkiflnrm! sfcnf) efok {|l ak kbdlzlnofk bla nl|iërfom smjzl la xkufilnrm ls zlb|ofbk zlsxlorm k am nmzika. Ln lsrl oksm zlb|pok fnilbfkrkilnrl ak ulamofbkb xmz |nk iës kxzmxfkbk k aks omnbfofmnls bl kbdlzlnofk xzlslnrls.
ZLC\AKBMZ LALORZßNFOM BL EZLNKBM $LJB& Omixalrk la sfsrlik! la bfsxmsfrfum bl omnrzma lalorznfom bl bfsrzfj|ofn bla ezlnkbm blnmifnkbm LJB $Lalorzm) nfo Jzkgfnc Emzol Bfsrzfj|rfmn& {|l k rzkuæs bl ak olnrzkafrk v ams slnsmzls bla sfsrlik KJ_! xlzifrl fnozlilnrkz aks xzlsrkofmnls bla sfsrlik bl ezlnms. La uldéo|am lsrë l{|fxkbm omn |n zlc|akbmz lalorzÿ) nfom bl ezlnkbm $LJB&. _f! omn la imrmz ln ikzodk! sl lnofln) bln sfi|arënlkilnrl ams rlsrfcms > v t fnbfokn {|l dkv |nk kulzék ln la sfsrlik LJB7 ln lsrl oksm! knrl |n ezlnkpm sl x|lbl xzmb|ofz |n jam{|lm xzlomp bl aks z|lbks rzksl) zks! omn ak omnsfc|flnrl xmsfjfafbkb bl blzzkxl. Omnb|pok omn i|odk xzlok|ofÿn dksrk la rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr iës olzoknm xkzk {|l omnrzmaln la sfsrlik.
KFZJKC $JMA_K BL KFZL& BL_OZFXOFMN V E\NOFMNKIFLNRM La kfzjkc ls |n bfsxmsfrfum omnsrfr|f) bm xmz |nk jmask bl kfzl {|l sl fneak fnsrknrënlkilnrl! sfr|kbm ln la olnrzm bla umaknrl xkzk la omnb|ormz v ln la xknla bl fnsrz|ilnrms xkzk la xksk`lzm! o|knbm xzlufsrm. X|lbl lsrkz bfsxmnfjal! xmz am rknrm! xkzk la akbm bla omnb|ormz! bla xksk`lzm v rkijfln ln ak akrlzka bl ams ksflnrms blaknrlzms $kfzjkc akrlzkals&.
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efc. ;;?
La kfzjkc nm s|srfr|vl ams ofnr|zmnls bl slc|zfbkb! sfnm fnozlilnrk s| lefok) ofk ln oksm bl odm{|ls ezmnrkals ufmalnrms. Ln oksm bl odm{|l ezmnrka ln la {|l ak blskolalzkofn s|xlzl la ukamz bl okaf) jzkbm bla slnsmz lsxloéefom! lsrl ðarfim korfuk la iloknfsim0 ak jmask sl fneak fnsrknrënlkilnrl! fnrlzxmnfænbmsl om) im |nk xzmrloofn lnrzl la o|lzxm bla omnb|ormz m bla xksk`lzm v aks lsrz|o) r|zks bla uldéo|am! {|l xmbzékn ok|skz alsfmnls efc. ;;?. Fnilbfkrkilnrl bls) x|æs! ak jmask sl blsfneak. Ak korfukofn bla kfzjkc xzmb|ol ok) amz v afjlzk |nk xl{|lûk oknrfbkb bl xmaum. Lsrl xmaum nm ls nmofum v nm s|xmnl xlafczm bl fnolnbfm.
La kfzjkc ls |n bfsxmsfrfum xkzk ak xzmrloofÿn omnrzk odm{|ls ezmnrkals ufmalnrms. Ln oksm bl odm{|ls xmz ak xkzrl rzk) slzk! akrlzkals m bl xl{|lûk fnrlnsf) bkb la kfzjkc nm fnrlzuflnl. Ln lsrl oksm ams mo|xknrls smn xzmrlcfbms xmz ams ofnr|zmnls bl slc|zfbkb! {|l bljln slz sflixzl |skbms.
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Ak lefoflnofk bla sfsrlik KFZJKC ls omnrzmakbk omnsrknrlilnrl xmz |nk olnrzka lalorznfok. Ln oksm bl o|ka{|flz knmikaék sl ln) oflnbl ak aëixkzk xfamrm ÷.
La omzzlorm e|nofmnkiflnrm bla sfsrl) ik kfzjkc ls ckzknrfpkbm smakilnrl sf rmbks aks afifrkofmnls zlakrfuks k okxkof) bkbls v bfsxmsfofmnls bl okzcks e|lzkn zlsxlrkbks.
Ka cfzkz ak aakul k ak xmsfofÿn IKZ sl lnoflnbl la slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm ÷ xlzm bljlzë kxkckzsl blsx|æs bl 2 slc|nbms. _f la slûkakbmz a|if) nmsm nm sl lnoflnbl m xlziknlol lnolnbfbm m sl fa|ifnk b|zknrl ak ikzodk! xkzl fnilbfkrkilnrl la uldéo|am v bfzé`ksl k |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk EFKR.
Omnb|pok sflixzl omn aks iknms kxmvkbks smjzl ak omzmnk bla umaknrl bl iknlzk {|l! sf sl korfuk la kfzjkc! lsrl x|lbk fneakzsl sfn lnomnrzkz mjsrëo|ams {|l xmbzékn dlzfzal czk) ulilnrl.
Nm omnb|pok omn la o|lz) xm fnoafnkbm dkofk kblaknrl! sfnm iknrlnck la zlsxkabm ln xmsfofÿn ulzrfoka kxmvknbm jfln ak lsxkabk.
Nm kxaf{|l kbdlsfums | mrzms mj`lrms ln la umakn) rl nf smjzl la kam`kiflnrm bla kfzjkc ln la akbm xksk`lzm. Nm ufk`l omn mj`lrms smjzl aks xflznks m blaknrl bla rÿzkt! nf omn xfxks! aëxfols! lro. ln ak jmok7 ln oksm bl odm{|l ln ak {|l sl korful la kfzjkc! xmbzékn dlzfzal czkulilnrl.
XLAFCZM CZKUL0 nm omam{|l ak sfaafrk xkzk ams nfûms ln la slnrfbm omnrzkzfm k ak ikzodk ln la ksflnrm blaknrlzm omn la Kfzjkc akbm xksk`lzm korfukbm. Ak korfukofÿn bla Kfzjkc ln oksm bl odm{|l xmbzék xzmb|ofz alsfmnls fnoa|sm imzrkals ka jljæ {|l sl lsrë rzknsxmzrknbm. F Z J K C
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Ln oksm bl nlolsfbkb! ln oksms ltrzlims v omnemzil ak alcfsak) ofÿn ln ufcmz! blskorful sflixzl la Kfzjkc bla akbm xksk`lzm o|knbm sl omam{|l ak sfaak xkzk ams nfûms ln la ksflnrm blaknrlzm olzrfefoënbmsl bl ak mxlzkofÿn k rzkuæs bla rlsrf) cm E ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms $ulk xëzzkems sfc|flnrls&. Kbliës! la ksflnrm bla xksk`lzm bljlzë zlc|) akzsl omixalrkilnrl dkofk krzës! xkzk lufrkz lulnr|kals omnrkorms bl ak sfaak omn la rkjalzm. K|n{|l nm ls |nk mjafckofÿn bl alv! sl komn) sl`k xkzk ak il`mz xzmrloofÿn bl ams kb|arms! {|l zlkorful fnilbfk) rkilnrl la Kfzjkc! ln o|knrm la rzknsxmzrl bl ams nfûms vk nm slk nlolskzfm. KBULZRLNOFK0 sl zlomiflnbk! kðn ln la oksm bl aks sfaafrks fnsrkak) bks kx|nrknbm dkofk kblaknrl! |skz la ksflnrm rzkslzm {|l ls ak xmsfofÿn iës fnbfokbk! sflnbm fnoa|sful ak iës xzmrlcfbk ln la fnrlzfmz bla uldéo|am.
KFZJKC $JMA_K BL KFZL& AKBM XK_K@LZM La kfzjkc akbm xksk`lzm lsrk lsr|bfkbm v okafjzkbm xkzk il`mzkz ak xzmrloofn bl |nk xlzsmnk {|l lsrk |sknbm la ofn) r|zn bl slc|zfbkb O|knbm kaoknpk s| fneakbm iëtfim! la uma|iln ls rka {|l mo|xk ak ikvmz xkzrl bla lsxkofm lnrzl la rkjalzm v la xksk`lzm. Ln oksm bl omafsfn! |nk xlzsmnk {|l nm lsrë |sknbm ams ofnr|zmnls bl slc|zf) bkb kuknpk v x|lbl lnrzkz ln omnrkorm omn ak jmask ln ak eksl bl kxlzr|zk! omn |nk xzmrloofn oflzrkilnrl fnelzfmz k ak {|l xmbzék slz mezlofbk. La kfzjkc nm ls |n s|srfr|rm bl ams ofnr|zmnls bl slc|zfbkb! xmz lsm sl zl) omiflnbk |skzams sflixzl.
Blskorfukofÿn bla kfzjkc ezmnrka akbm xksk`lzm efc. ;;2 v ;;<. Ln oksm bl nlolsfbkb bl rzknsxmzrl bl nfûms ln la ksflnrm blaknrlzm la ul) déo|am lsrë l{|fxkbm omn |n bfsxmsfrfum xkzk xmblz ln lsrl ksflnrm blskorfukz la kfzjkc ezmnrka akbm xksk`lzm. Xkzk blskorfukz la kfzjkc ezmnrka akbm xksk`lzm! mxlzl la fnrlzz|xrmz |jfokbm ln la fnrlzfmz bl ak c|knrlzk! bla akbm blzlodm.
Mxlzl la fnrlzz|xrmz sÿam omn la imrmz blrlnfbm v ak aakul zlrfzkbk bla omni|rkbmz.
KBULZRLNOFK0 kðn ln la oksm bl ams uldéo|ams {|l nm xmslln kfzjkc xkzk la xksk`lzm! smakilnrl la ksfln) rm rzkslzm ls zlomilnbkbm xkzk la rzknsxmzrl bl nfûms. Lsk xmsfofÿn ls ak iës xzmrlcfbk bla uldéo|am ln oksm bl odm{|l.
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efc. ;;2
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La fnrlzz|xrmz rflnl bms xmsfofmnls K v J)efc. ;;2. K ) kfzjkc ezmnrka akbm xksk`lzm ko) rfukbm $xmsfofn MN K)efc. ;;2& omn slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms kxkckbm. J ) kfzjkc ezmnrka bla akbm xksk`lzm blskorfukbm $xmsfofn MEE J)efc. ;;2& omn slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms lnolnbfbm.
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La slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm xlziknlolzë lnolnbfbm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms dksrk {|l slk zlkorfukbm la kfzjkc akbm xksk`lzm. _flixzl sl bljl zlkorfukz! fnilbfk) rkilnrl blsx|æs {|l la rzknsxmzrl bla nfûm sl dkvk omnoa|fbm. Rmbms ams nfûms o|vks okzkorlzésrfoks eésfoks $lbkb! kar|zk! xlsm& fixfbkn |rf) afpkz ams ofnr|zmnls bl slc|zfbkb! omn o|ka{|flz uldéo|am l{|fxkbm mzfcfnka) ilnrl! bljlzën slz xzmrlcfbms xmz bfs) xmsfrfums bl rzknsxmzrl bl nfûms $sfaafrks xkzk jljæ lro...& sfc|flnbm zfc|zmsk) ilnrl aks fnsrz|oofmnls bla ekjzfoknrl bla bfsxmsfrfum.
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KFZJKC AKRLZKAL_ $_FBL JKC& ) efc. ;;5 Ams Kfzjkc akrlzkals! xzlslnrls ln ka) c|nks ulzsfmnls! rflnln ak e|nofn bl k|ilnrkz ak xzmrloofn bl ams mo|xkn) rls! ln oksm bl odm{|l akrlzka bl kark lnulzckb|zk . Lsrën emzikbms xmz om`fnls {|l sl fneakn fnsrknrënlkilnrl0 ) ms sfbljkc lsrën kam`kbms ln ams zls) xkabms bl ams ksflnrms blaknrlzms7 lsrk sma|ofn xlzifrl rlnlz sflixzl la jkc $om`én& ln ak il`mz xmsfofn zlsxlorm ka mo|xknrl! fnblxlnbflnrlilnrl bl ak zlc|akofn bla ksflnrm. Ln oksm bl odm{|l akrlzka ufmalnrm! |nk olnrzkafrk lalorznfok! xzmolsk aks slûkals xzmulnflnrls bl |n slnsmz bl blolalzkofn fneaknbm la om`én ln oksm bl nlolsfbkb. Ams om`fnls sl fneakn fnsrknrënlkiln) rl! fnrlzxmnfænbmsl omim |nk xzmrlo) ofn lnrzl la o|lzxm bl ams xksk`lzms v la omsrkbm bla uldéo|am. Fnilbfkrkiln) rl blsx|æs ams om`fnls sl blsfneakn.
La e|nofmnkiflnrm bl ams Kfzjkc akrlzkals blaknrlzms nm sl blsdkjf) afrk koofmnknbm la fnrlzz|xrmz bl iknbm bl blskorfukofÿn bla Kfzjkc ezmnrka akbm xksk`lzm! rka omim sl blsozfjl ln la kxkzrkbm omzzlsxmn) bflnrl. KBULZRLNOFK0 ak il`mz xzmrlo) ofÿn xmz xkzrl bla sfsrlik ln oksm bl odm{|l akrlzka sl mjrflnl iknrl) nflnbm |nk omzzlork xmsfofÿn ln la ksflnrm! xlzifrflnbm ksé la omzzlorm fneakbm bla kfzjkc akrlzka.
Nm kxmvl ams jzkpms m ams ombms ln ak x|lzrk! aks ulnrknks v ln la ëzlk bla sfbljkc xkzk lufrkz xmsfjals alsfmnls b|zknrl ak eksl bl fneakbm. KBULZRLNOFK0 ls xmsfjal {|l ams Kfzjkc ezmnrkals v-m akrlzkals blaknrlzms sl korfuln $bmnbl lsræn xzlufsrms& sf la uldéo|am dk s|ezfbm |n odm{|l m koofblnrls {|l kelorkn ams jk`ms bl ak okzzmolzék! omim xmz l`lixam! odm{|ls ufmalnrms omnrzk lsokamnls! kolzks m zlskarls ef`ms bla s|lam! okébks bla uldéo|am k |n emsm m d|nbfiflnrms bl ak okapkbk.
Nm sk{|l n|nok ak okjlpk! ams jzkpms nf ams ombms e|lzk bl ak uln) rknfaak. KBULZRLNOFK0 sf sl lnoflnbl la rlsrfcm ¡ m xkzxkblk la rlsrfcm E b|zknrl ak ikzodk $fnbfokofÿn bl |nk knmikaék&! ko|bk am knrls xmsfjal k |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr xkzk s| zlxkzkofÿn.
Ak ukafblp bla sfsrlik bl kfzjkc sl fnbfok ln ak lrf) {|lrk kbdlsfuk |jfokbk ln ak rkxk bl ak c|knrlzk v! ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls! sl lno|lnrzk ln ak xkzrl fnrlznk bla okxÿ. Rlnck krlnofÿn KBULZRLNOFK0 ak korfukofÿn bl zlsxlorm ka xakpm bl ukafblp v bfzé) ams Kfzjkc afjlzk |nk xl{|lûk okn) `ksl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr xkzk rfbkb bl xmaum. Lsrl xmaum nm ls ak s|srfr|ofÿn bla bfsxmsfrfum. nmofum nf s|xmnl |n xlafczm bl fnolnbfm7 kbliës! ak s|xlzefofl bla KBULZRLNOFK0 ln oksm bl koof) om`én blsxalckbm v la fnrlzfmz bla uldéo|am x|lbln {|lbkz o|jflzrms blnrl ln la {|l sl dkvk korfukbm omn zlsfb|m bl xmaum0 lsrl xmaum |nm bl ams bfsxmsfrfums bl slc|zf) x|lbl fzzfrkz ak xfla v ams m`ms. Ln bkb! ko|bk k |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl oksm bl omnrkorm! aëulsl omn kc|k v Ksfsrlnofk Efkr xkzk {|l s|srfr|vkn la bfsxmsfrfum korfukbm v xkzk {|l `kjÿn nl|rzm. omnrzmaln ak fnrlczfbkb bla sfsrlik.
Rmbks aks fnrlzulnofmnls bl omn) rzma! zlxkzkofmnls v s|srfr|ofmnls bl ams Kfzjkc bljln lelor|kzsl ln ams rkaalzls bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr. Knrls bl aalukz la uldéo|am ka bls) c|kol! ko|bk k |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr xkzk {|l blskorf) uln la sfsrlik. Ln oksm bl okijfm bl xzmxflrk) zfm! ls fnbfsxlnskjal {|l la n|lum omnmpok aks imbkafbkbls bl lixalm v aks kbulzrlnofks ofrkbks knrl) zfmzilnrl v! kbliës! bfsxmnck bla ikn|ka bl |sm v iknrlnfiflnrm. KBULZRLNOFK0 slcðn la rfxm bl odm{|l! ak olnrzkafrk lalorzÿnfok korfuk bl iknlzk bfelzlnofkbk ams xzlrlnsmzls! ams Kfzjkc ezmnrkals v ams Kfzjkc akrlzkals. Xmz am rknrm! la dlodm bl {|l nm sl korfuln |nm m ukzfms bl laams! nm fnbfok |n kulzék ln la sfsrlik.
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Nm blsomnlorl ak olnrzka lalorzÿ) nfok! nf blsomnlorl ak jkrlzék! sf ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l lsrë ln ak xmsf) ofÿn ikz! x|ls ak olnrzka ilimzfpk lsks omnbfofmnls omim kulzéks bla sfsrlik.
Nm ufk`l omn mj`lrms smjzl aks xflznks! blaknrl bla rÿzkt ksé omim rkixmom ufk`l omn xfxks! aëxfols | mrzms mj`l) rms ln ak jmok. Ln oksm bl odm{|l ln la {|l fnrlzuflnl la Kfzjkc xmbzékn dlzfzal czkulilnrl.
KBULZRLNOFK_ CLNLZKAL_ Ka cfzkz ak aakul bl omn) rkorm k ak xmsfofÿn IKZ sl lnoflnbl la rlsrfcm ¡! kxk) cënbmsl blsx|æs bl kac|nms slc|n) bms. _f la rlsrfcm nm sl lnoflnbl m xlziknlol lnolnbfbm b|zknrl ak ikzodk! ko|bk fnilbfkrkilnrl k |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr. Nm o|jzk la zlsxkabm bl ams ksflnrms blaknrlzms m rzkslzms omn zlulsrfiflnrms m emzzms.
Omnb|pok rlnflnbm sfli) xzl aks iknms smjzl ak omzm) nk bla umaknrl bl iknlzk {|l! sf sl korfuk la Kfzjkc! æsrl sl x|lbk fneakz sfn lnomnrzkz mjsrë) o|ams. Nm omnb|pok omn la o|lzxm fnoafnkbm dkofk kblaknrl! sfnm ikn) rlnck la zlsxkabm ln xmsfofÿn ulzrf) oka kxmvknbm jfln ak lsxkabk. _f la uldéo|am dk sfbm mj`lrm bl zmjm m fnrlnrm bl zmjm! korms uknbëafoms m fn|nbkofmnls! dkck omnrzmakz la sfsrlik Kfzjkc ln |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr.
_l zlo|lzbk {|l omn ak aakul bl omnrkorm v ln xmsf) ofÿn IKZ! fnoa|sm omn la imrmz kxkckbm! ams Kfzjkc x|lbln korfukzsl fnoa|sm omn la uldéo|am xkzkbm ln oksm bl {|l slk odmokbm xmz mrzm uldéo|am ln ikzodk. Xmz am rknrm! nm bljln omamokzsl k ams nfûms ln la ksflnrm blaknrlzm k|n) {|l la uldéo|am lsræ xkzkbm. Xmz mrzk xkzrl sl zlo|lzbk rkijfæn {|l ln oksm bl {|l ak ak aakul bl omn) rkorm lsræ ln xmsfofÿn _RMX! nfncðn bfsxmsfrfum bl slc|zfbkb $Kfzjkc m xzlrlnsmzls& sl korfukzën ln oksm bl odm{|l. La dlodm bl {|l nm sl korf) uln ln lsrms oksms nm x|lbl omn) sfblzkzsl omim |n e|nofmnkiflnrm knÿikam bla sfsrlik. Cfzknbm ak aakul bl omn) rkorm k IKZ! la rlsrfcm E $omn fnrlzz|xrmz bl blskorf) ukofÿn Kfzjkc ezmnrka akbm xksk`lzm ln xmsfofÿn MN& sl lnoflnbl v xkz) xkblk xmz kac|nms slc|nbms! xkzk zlomzbkzal {|l la Kfzjkc akbm xksk) `lzm sl korfukzë ln oksm bl odm{|l! blsx|æs bljlzë kxkckzsl.
Nm akul ams ksflnrms omn kc|k m ukxmz k xzlsfÿn $ikn|ka m ln ams slzufofms bl akukbm k|rmiërfoms bl ams ksfln) rms&. Ak fnrlzulnofÿn bla Kfzjkc ezmnrka lsrë xzlufsrm xkzk odm{|ls bl lnulzckb|zk s|xlzfmz zlsxlorm k ak bl ams xzl) rlnsmzls. Ln odm{|ls omixzlnbfbms lnrzl ams bms |ijzkals bl korfuk) ofÿn! slzë nmzika {|l smakilnrl sl korfuln ams xzlrlnsmzls. Nm lncknodl mj`lrms zécfbms ln aks iknfaaks bl s|`lofÿn.
La Kfzjkc nm s|srfr|vl ams ofnr|zmnls bl slc|zfbkb! sfnm {|l fnozlilnrk s| lef) okofk. Ksfifsim! vk {|l ams Kfzjkc ezmnrkals nm fnrlzuflnln ln oksm bl odm{|ls ezmnrkals k jk`k ulam) ofbkb! odm{|ls akrlzkals m u|laoms! ln lsrms oksms ams mo|xknrls bla uldéo|am lsrën xzmrlcfbms sÿam xmz ams ofnr|zmnls bl slc|zfbkb! {|l bljlzën aalukz sflixzl kjzmodkbms. Ln oksm bl koofblnrl omn korfukofÿn bla kfzjkc! ko|bk k |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb Ksfsrlnofk Efkr xkzk {|l s|srfr|vkn la bfsxmsfrfum v ams ofnr|zmnls bl slc|zfbkb.
XZLBF_XM_FOFMN XKZK AK FN_RKAKOFMN BL AK ZKBFM $K\RML_RLZLM&
) Ams bms nfulals bl xzlbfsxmsfofn xlzifrln ak fnsrkakofn bl mrzms imbl) ams bl zkbfms bfsxmnfjals ln la ilzokbm. Ulzfef{|l {|l la l{|fxm lsomcfbm xmslk okzkorlzésrfoks ræonfoks v bfilnsfmnls omixkrfjals omn ak slbl ln la rkjalzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms. ) Ak fnsrkakofn bl aks zkbfms mzfcf) nkals bl ak aénlk Fblk omixzlnbl la blsimnrk`l bl omixmnlnrls xaësrfoms bla rkjalzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms! xmz am rknrm ls zlomilnbkjal {|l lsrl rzkjk`m slk zlkafpkbm ln |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfs) rlnofk Efkr.
Karmxkzaknrls $jmofnks& ) : blakrlzm bl :8 S. ) : rzklzm bl :8 S.
) ; s|jmmelz $kac|nks ulzsfmnls&.
MJ_LZUKOFMNL_ CLNLZKAL_ _MJZL AK FN_RKAKOFMN BLA _F_RLIK ) _l zlomiflnbk ak fnsrkakofn bl zk) Ak fnsrkakofÿn bla sfsrlik bfms mzfcfnkals $lnomnrzkbks ln Omnol) bl smnfbm $zkbfm! iÿb|ams sfmnkzfms&! lsxlofkailnrl xzmvlorkbks bl xmrlnofk! okijfkbmzls xkzk |nk xlzelork fnrlczkofn lsrærfok bl OB lro&! {|l xzmum{|l karlzkofm) omn la rkjalzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms bla ul) nls laæorzfoks v-m fnrlzelzlnofks ln déo|am. ams sfsrliks lalorzÿnfoms bla k|rm) iÿufa! kbliës bl xzmumokz ak okn) olakofÿn bl ak ckzknrék! x|lbl clnl) zkz knmikaéks bl e|nofmnkiflnrm omn zflscm bl fnolnbfm. Z J : ? 8 8 D
Ulk
koolsmzfms kb{|fzfbms xmz la |s|kzfm! ln la okxér|am |sm omzzlorm bla uldéo|am.
efc. ;;4
efc. ;;6
XZLBF_XM_FOFMN XKZK AK FN_RKAKOFMN BL AK KAKZIK LALORZMNFOK Ams uldéo|ams xmslln xzlbfsxmsfofn xkzk ak fnsrkakofn bl ak kakzik lalo) rznfok $okjals xkzk ak kafilnrkofn v omnlormzls&. Xkzk ak fnsrkakofn bla sfsrlik bfzé`ksl k ak Zlbl bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr.
XZLBF_XM_FOFMN XKZK _LN_MZL_ BL L_RKOFMNKIFLNRM Ams uldéo|ams xmslln xzlbfsxmsfofn xkzk fnsrkakofn bl slnsmz bl lsrkofm) nkiflnrm. _f la uldéo|am lsr|uflzk ln rzënsfrm Xkzk ak fnsrkakofn bla sfsrlik bfzé`ksl xmz mrzms xkésls olzrfeé{|lsl {|l ak k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr. lsrkofÿn bl slzufofms xmslk cksmafnk sfn xamim ln s| omixmsfofÿn.
Xmz imrfums bl slc|zf) bkb! omim ksé rkijfæn xkzk |n e|nofmnkiflnrm omzzlo) rm bla sfsrlik! ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l bljlzë lsrkz blsomnlorkbk ln la imilnrm bla kxzmufsfmnkiflnrm.
Z J ? < 8 8 D
efc. ;:8
K
RKXK BLA BLXM_FRM BL OMIJ\_RFJAL Ak rkxk bla blxsfrm bl omij|srfjal ls dlziærfok! sfn zlsxfzkblzm xkzk lufrkz {|l xzmxkc|ln ams ukxmzls bl omij|s) rfjal ln ak kriselzk.
Nm sl kolz{|l k ak jmok bla blxÿsfrm omn aakiks afjzls nf ofckzzfaams lnoln) bfbms0 xlafczm bl fnolnbfm. Nm sl fnoafnl bliksfkbm k ak jmok bla blxÿsfrm! xmbzék fndkakz ukxmzls nmofums.
La koolsm k ak rkxk bl omij|srfjal sl amczk kjzflnbm ak x|lzrk efc. ;:; xmz ilbfm bl ak xkaknok K)efc. ;::. Rfzl bl ak xkaknok xmz ak xkzrl blakn) rlzk.
Ln oksm bl lilzclnofk ls xmsfjal kjzfz ak x|lzrk bl koolsm k ak rkxk bl Bljl iknrlnlzam sfli) omij|srfjal rfzknbm bl ak o|lzbk bl) xzl ln j|ln lsrkbm v nm am rkaal efc. ;:; |jfokbk ln la fnrlzfmz bla s|srfr|vk omn mrzm rkxÿn bl jkða! akbm blzlodm. bfsrfnrm rfxm. ) Cfzl ak rkxk ln slnrfbm knrfdmzkzfm dksrk {|l lsrk sl afjlzl efc. ;:?. ) A|lcm bl zlrfzkbk ak rkxk bl s| kam) `kiflnrm! oma{|lak ln la smxmzrl smjzl ak x|lzrk efc. ;:2.
KBULZRLNOFK0 aks lsrkofmnls bl slzufofms $cksmafnlzks& xmslln jmi) jks bl kxzmufsfmnkiflnrm bl omi) j|srfjal omn omzrl k|rmiërfom7 {|l ln kac|nms oksms omzrkn knrls bl lsrkz aalnm la rkn{|l bl cksmafnk. Ln lsrms oksms smafofrl ka mxlzkzfm {|l omixalrl la aalnkbm bla ifsim xkzk kxzmulodkz ka iëtfim ak okxkofbkb bla rkn{|l bl omij|srfjal! jfln omim xmsfjfafrkz ak lelorfuk fnbfok) ofÿn bl blxÿsfrm aalnm ln la o|kbzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms.
Z J ? 3 ; 8 D
efc. ;:; Z J ? 4 2 8 N L 2
efc. ;::
Z J 5 ? 8 8 D
efc. ;:?
Z J < ? 8 8 D
efc. ;:2
ZLNBFIFLNRM BL CK_MAFNK $slcðn alcfsakofÿn bl ak Zlxðjafok Iltfoknk& ‑La oëao|am bl zlnbfiflnrm omijfnkbm cksmafnk bl lsrl @ uldéo|am lsrëbljkskbm ln xz|l) jks bl akjmzkrmzfm v omnbfofmnls fblkals bl iknl`m bl ko|lzbm k ak nmzik iltf) oknk NIT)KK);;);66?)_OEF ufclnrl. O|ka{|flz ukzfkofn smjzl la zlnbf) iflnrm bl cksmafnk b|zknrl la iknl`m bla uldéo|am! sl x|lbl bljlz k kac|nm bl ams sfc|flnrls ekormzls0 rfxm bl ck) smafnk! lixalm bl kfzl komnbfofmnkbm! ekormzls kijflnrkals omim rlixlzkr|) zk! karfr|b! rzëefom! dëjfrms bl iknl`m! omnbfofmnls rmxmczëefoks bla rlzzlnm v omnbfofmnls oafikrmacfoks smjzl la o|ka sl omnb|ol la uldéo|am. \srlb x|lbl kdmzzkz cksmafnk sf luf) rk kolalzkz jz|sokilnrl! aks xkzkbks zlxlnrfnks! ams zlomzzfbms omzrms! la iknrlnlz la uldéo|am lsrkofmnkbm omn la imrmz lnolnbfbm v la |sm ltolsfum bla kfzl komnbfofmnkbm.’
XZMRLOOFMN BLA ILBFM KIJFLNRL
LIXALM BL IKRLZFKAL_ NM NMOFUM_ XKZK LA ILBFM KIJFLNRL Nfnc|nm bl ams omixmnlnrls bla Ak xzmrloofn bla ilbfm kijflnrl dk uldéo|am omnrflnl kifknrm. Ams koma) c|fkbm la xzmvlorm v ak zlkafpkofn bla Efkr Fblk ln rmbks s|s eksls. La zls|ark) odkbms v la kfzl komnbfofmnkbm ikn|ka bm dk sfbm la lixalm bl ikrlzfkals v okzloln bl OEO $Oamzme|mzokzj|zms&! ak x|lsrk k x|nrm bl bfsxmsfrfums kxrms cksls omnsfblzkbms zlsxmnskjals bl ak xkzk zlb|ofz m afifrkz bzësrfokilnrl aks blsrz|oofn bl ak okxk bl mpmnm. Ams fnea|lnofks nmofuks ln la ilbfm ki) omamzknrls v ams zlulsrfiflnrms knrfom) zzmsfn bla omn`|nrm bl ikrlzfkals bl jflnrl. nm omnrflnln okbifm nf ozmik) La Efkr Fblk lsrë xzlxkzkbm xkzk ufk`kz ilrka {|l x|lbln omnrkifnkz la kfzl v omn |n j|ln ikzcln bl ulnrk`k zlsxlo) bms! aks kc|ks! sfnm s|srknofks {|l nm smn rm k aks iës slulzks nmzikrfuks bl knrf) nmofuks xkzk la ilbfm kijflnrl. omnrkifnkofn fnrlznkofmnkals. Karlzkofmnls dlodks ln la uldéo|am! rkals omim zlrfzkz la okrkafpkbmz! imbfefokn la ilbfm kijflnrl v xzmumokn ak oknolakofÿn bl ak ckzknrék bl ams omixmnlnrls fnuma|ozkbms.
?. Omnrkifnkofÿn zkbfmlaorzfok Nm karlzkz la sfsrlik laæorzfom! ls) xlofkailnrl bfsrzfj|fbmz v okjals bl lnolnbfbm bl kark rlnsfn! fnoa|fbk ak |jfokofn bl ams ifsims. Ln oksm bl zllixakpm bl kac|nms bl s|s omixm) nlnrls! |rfafpkz ltoa|sfukilnrl zlx|ls) rms mzfcfnkals. Nmrk fixmzrknrl 0 aks xlzsmnks omn xzrlsfs zlc|akbmzk bla zfrim okzbékom ;. Omnrkifnkofÿn krimsezfok $ikzokxksm&! nm bljlzën xlziknlolz Nm karlzkz aks okzkorlzésrfoks m zlc|) ln la uldéo|am m ln s| xzmtfifbkb! ls) akofmnls bl okzj|zkbmz! m ilpoakbmz! rknbm la imrmz ln e|nofmnkiflnrm omn m fnvlormz bl omij|srfjal! sfsrlik bl ak rkxk bla omixkzrfiflnrm bla imrmz ofzo|akofn bl cksls bla oëzrlz! efarzm bla $okx& kjflzrk rmrka m xkzofkailnrl m jfln! fnomzzlorkilnrl olzzkbk! k efn kfzl v x|lsrk k x|nrm bla lnolnbfbm. bl lufrkz la zflscm bl {|l sl karlzl la Ln uldéo|ams omn okrkafpkbmz! |rfafpkz nmzika e|nofmnkiflnrm bla zlelzfbm ltoa|sfukilnrl cksmafnk sfn xamim. ikzokxksm.
Ln ams rzls oksms ilnofmnkbms! la ekjzfoknrl bl ak |nfbkb! ln oksm bl fn) o|ixafiflnrm bl am xzlolblnrlilnrl ltxzlskbm! blsafnbk rmbk zlsxmnskjf) afbkb ka zlsxlorm! {|lbknbm ak ifsik ks|ifbk xmz la |s|kzfm v okb|okbk k|) rmiërfokilnrl ak ckzknrék.
UKAMZL_ IKTFIM_ BL LIF_FMNL_ KRIM_ELZFOK_ Lsrl uldéo|am k ak skafbk bl ak eëjzfok! o|ixal omn ams sfc|flnrls aéifrls iëtf) ims bl lifsfmnls. Uldéo|ams l{|fxkbms omn imrmz ofoam Mrrm $omij|srfjal0 nkerk&0 ) Imntfbm bl okzjmnm ln ikzodk alnrk0 iët.0 :!<, ) Dfbzmokzj|zms fnomij|srms $DO& ln ikzodk alnrk0 iët.0 288 xxi $xkzrls xmz ifaan& ) Ak ulamofbkb knc|akz bla imrmz v la ënc|am bl kuknol fnfofka bl fcnfofn xkzk ak omnbfofn bl ‑ikzodk alnrk’ smn ams lsxlofefokbms ln ak sloofn Ok) zkrlzésrfoks Ræonfoks bl lsrl ikn|ka. Uldéo|ams l{|fxkbms omn imrmz ofoam Bflsla $omij|srfjal0 cksmfa&0 ) Lnnlczlofiflnrm bla cks bl lsokxl xmz la xzmolbfiflnrm bl ‑kolalzkofn afjzl’
K
) Ilbfofn xmz efarzkbm $Énbfol Jk) odkzkod&0 iët.0 < ) Ilbfofn omn mxkoéilrzm $omlef) oflnrl bl kjsmzofn&0 iët.0 :!5: i); Ams cksls bl lsokxl sl iknrlnbzën blnrzm bl ams ukamzls alcfsakrfums b|zkn) rl ams 48.888 gi.* $slcðn omzzlsxmnbk& m < kûms bl |sm sflixzl v o|knbm sl zlsxlrln lsrzforkilnrl ams iknrlnf) iflnrms xzlulnrfums v aks zlomilnbk) ofmnls bl |sm bkbks ln la Ikn|ka bl \sm v Iknrlnfiflnrm. * 48.888 gi.0 Uldéo|ams afufknms $XJU :.488 gc.& omn imrmz ofoam Mrrm v Bflsla. Ak ckzknrék xzlolblnrlilnrl fnbfok) bk sam slzë bl kxafokofn ln k{|laak ‑omnefc|zkofn’ m ‑imblams’ $slcðn blefnfofn bla rltrm Alcka Blo. X.L.N. 43<-62& {|l sl dkvkn olzrfefokbm omn ams ukamzls omixzlnbfbms lnrzl olzm om) ik n|lul $8!6& v |nm $;& zlsxlorm k ams aéifrls lsrkjalofbms xmz ak alcfsakofn xkzk okbk omnrkifnknrl. ≢
OMNRZMA RæONFOM Ak alcfsakofn ufclnrl xkzk kac|nms xkésls lsrkjalol la Omnrzma Ræonfom Xlzfbfom! la xzfilzm bl ams o|kals sl lelor|kzë k ams ;4 ilsls blsx|æs bl ak ulnrk ka xzfilz |s|kzfm. _f la uldéo|am r|uflzk |n sfnflsrzm {|l kelorl kac|nm bl ams sfsrliks omnrlixakbms ln bfodm omnrzma! okb|okzë la xlzémbm ekarknrl lnrzl ak elodk bla sfnflsrzm v la ilnofm) nkbm xakpm bl ;4 ilsls. Blsx|æs bl ak xzfilzk zlufsfn! aks zlsrknrls sl lelor|kzën kn|kailnrl. Okbk |nm bl ams sfsrliks bla uldéo|) am mj`lrm bla ilnofmnkbm omnrzma ræo) nfom! sl fnbfokn ln ak xzlslnrl sloofn bl Iknrlnfiflnrm! xmz am {|l zlomiln) bkims ka |s|kzfm s| lsxlofka krlnofn xkzk {|l la uldéo|am sl lno|lnrzl ln omzzlorks omnbfofmnls bl iknrlnfifln) rm. La o|ixafiflnrm bl ams slzufofms bl Iknrlnfiflnrm Xzmczkikbm ls |nk emz) ik bl skrfsekolz ams zl{|lzfiflnrms bla Omnrzma Ræonfom Xlzfbfom.
a imm m s xmck ikdk! k ma k xm ak aak xmsÿ _rMX ks x ak ikmjk kk{. B|zknrl ams xzfilzms slc|nbms bl e|nofmnkiflnrm! smjzl rmbm! blsx|æs bl |n xlzémbm akzcm bl fnkorffbkb bla l) déo|am! sl x|lbl xlzofjfz |n nfla iës karm bl z|imzmsfbkb bla imrmz. Lsrl elnÿilnm! {|l nm xlz`|bfok ak e|nofmnkafbkb nf ak efkjfafbkb! ls okzko) rlzésrfom bl ams jmrkbmzls dfbzë|afoms0 ls la sfsrlik bl bfsrzfj|ofÿn slaloofm) nkbm xkzk ams imrmzls k cksmafnk bl s| ldéo|am Efkr omn la efn bl bfsifn|fz aks fnrlzlnofmnls bl iknrlnfiflnrm.
XzMolbfIflnrM XKzK AK X|l_rK ln IKzodK blA IMrMz ;& Kslcðzlsl bl {|l la ezlnm bl ls) rkofmnkiflnrm lsræ koofmnkbm. :& Xmnck ak xkaknok bla okijfm ln x|nrm i|lzrm. ?& Xfsl k emnbm la xlbka bla lijzk) c|l! sfn xfskz la kolalzkbmz. 2& Cfzl ak aakl bl kzzkn{|l k ak xm) sfofÿn Kuu v s|æarlak o|knbm la imrmz sl xmnck ln ikzodk. nm s skm xsk a kakm xkk xm ikdk a imm. om a imm ik) dk! m m{ ams kjas kak sÿ $kjas aks j`éks&. _f la imrmz nm sl xmnl ln ikzodk k ak xzfilzk! cfzl ak aakl k ak xmsfofÿn _rMX knrls bl zlxlrfz la kzzkn{|l.
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Ln aks lzsfmnls omn EFKR OMBL0 sf omn ak aakl ln ak xmsfofÿn IKz la sl) ûkakbmz a|ifnmsm V xlziknlol lnoln) bfbm `|nrm ka slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm \! |lak k xmnlz ak aakl ln ak xmsfofÿn _rMX v a|lcm ln IKz7 sf la slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm xlziknlol lnolnbfbm! fnrln) rl omn aks mrzks aakls ln bmrkofÿn. _f la imrmz xlziknlol rmbkék rzk) jkbm! zlkafol ak x|lsrk ln ikzodk bl lilzclnofk $omns|arl ‑X|lsrk ln ikzodk bl lilzclnofk’ ln la okxér|am ‑ ln lilz) clnofk’& v bfzé`ksl k |n rkaalz bl ak z Kssk Ek. KbulzrlnofK0 m a imm kxk) ckm m ` ak aak kk{ ak xmsÿ IKz.
oMIM oKAlnrKz lA IMrMz bl_X|l_ bl AK X|l_rK ln IKzodK ) Xmnck la ldéo|am ln ikzodk aln) rkilnrl! dkoflnbm e|nofmnkz la imrmz k |n zæcfiln ilbfm! sfn kolalzmnls. ) B|zknrl ams xzfilzms gfaÿilrzms! nm al ltf`k la iëtfim bl s|s xzlsrkofm) nls.
X|l_rK ln IKzodK bl lIlzClnofK _f la sfsrlik Efkr OMBL nm zlomnmol la oÿbfcm rzknsifrfbm xmz ak aakl bl kzzkn{|l $slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm V ln) olnbfbm omn a|p ef`k ln la rkjalzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms& sl x|lbl lelor|kz ak x|ls) rk ln ikzodk bl lilzclnofk |rfafpknbm la oÿbfcm bl ak OMBL okzb. Omns|arl la okxér|am ‑ln lilzclnofk ’. Ams déams kkapkms m j xms ik) dk ix`ëmams! ima) ëmams! kxmdkm aks jk`k) ks. om sks ikmjks xmék k mijsja a sakm kkaém v kûkam ikja) i.
_ix! km a imm m em! a em v ak ÿ tcë sepm ikvm xkk s kmk) im.
XKzK KXKCKz lA IMrMz Cfzl ak aakl bl kzzkn{|l k ak xmsf) ofÿn _rMX omn la imrmz e|nofmnknbm ln zkalnré. Ams kams ks kxkck a imm m s xkk kk! msi mi) jsja ðai v kiës sm x`kas. KbulzrlnofK0 sxæs mm eéa m sm! s i`m { a imm *x a kam* `ëmam kaé k kac) ms ims ks kxkckam xkk { sk ak ixkk a imm.
L_RKOFMNKIFLNRM Kxkc a imm! a em skmkim! xmck ak xik ikdk $scð a ÿcm kmka akÿ& v c aks ks dkk a jm ak kk m ak k. _ skmk a déam sjk m jk`kk! a kms`kims jam{k aks ks m k ûk m k xk. Nm bl`l ak aakl bl kzzkn{|l ln ak xmsfofÿn IKz vk {|l sl blsokzckzék ak jkrlzék. O|knbm jk`l bla ldéo|am! {|frl sflixzl ak aakl. nm ` k k ams ûms smams a m a dé) am.
Mjskÿ0 La fnbfokbmz bl nfla bl omij|srfjal xmsll |n ofzo|frm lalo) rzÿnfom bl kimzrfc|kiflnrm xkzk nl|) rzkafpkz aks msofakofmnls bla omij|srf) jal! blnrzm bla rkn{|l bl omij|srfjal. Xmz am rknrm sf ln la imilnrm bl ak x|lsrk ln ikzodk la ldéo|am sl ln) omnrzkjk ln |nk xmsfofÿn fnoafnkbk! ak fnbfokofÿn xzmfsrk xmz ak kc|`k rkzbkzë 4 ifn|rms xkzk slz kor|kafpkbk.
KbulzrlnofK0 s ka skmk a sepm ek tsm! é`ks k kaa ak z Kssk Ek xk) k { ca a mm a em skmkim s sxk k ak xÿtik sÿ mikk xm a ‑Xak Ikim Xmck) ikm’. Omn la ezlnm bl lsrkofmnkiflnrm koofmnkbm v ak aakl bl kzzkn{|l ln xmsfofÿn IKz sl lnoflnbl la slûk) akbmz a|ifnmsm t ln la rkjalzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms.
EzlnM bl l_rKofMnKIflnrM ) ec. ; Ak xkaknok bla ezlnm bl lsrkofmnk) iflnrm sl lno|lnrzk lnrzl ams bms ksfln) rms blaknrlzms. Xkzk koofmnkz la ezlnm bl lsrkofmnk) iflnrm! rfzl bl ak xkaknok dkofk kzzfjk dksrk {|l la ldéo|am {|lbl omixalrk) ilnrl rzkjkbm.
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Xkzk {|frkz la ezlnm bl lsrkofmnk) iflnrm0 ;& Alknrl |n xmom ak xkaknok v xzl) sfmnl la jmrÿn K)ec. ;. :& Omn la jmrÿn xzlsfmnkbm jk`l ak xkaknok. La slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm t sl kxkck. ?& Xkzk lfrkz imfiflnrms koofbln) rkals bla ldéo|am! lelorðl ak iknfmjzk xfsknbm la xlbka bla ezlnm.
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Xkzk mjrlnlz la iëtfim kdmzzm bla omns|im bl omij|srfjal! al komnsl`k) ims ams sfc|flnrls aéifrls bl lamofbkb ln la okijfm bl ikzodk0
Xkzk komxakz aks ikzodks! xfsl k emn) bm la lijzkc|l v xmnck ak xkaknok bl ak ok`k bl okijfm ln |nk bl aks xmsf) ofmnls bla ls{|lik bl ak ec. : $la fblm) czkik lsrë rkijfæn zlxzlslnrkbm ln ak lix|ûkb|zk bl ak xkaknok&. Xkzk komxakz ak ikzodk krzës $z&! lsxlzl {|l la ldéo|am lsræ xkzkbm v! blsbl ak xmsfofÿn bl x|nrm i|lzrm0 alknrl ak kzcmaak K bla bfsxmsfrfm fn) dfjfbmz bl ak ikzodk krzës v blsxakol ak xkaknok dkofk ak blzlodk v blsx|æs dkofk krzës.
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Xkk kijk ikdk mki! j xsk k emm a xka a ijk) c7 xm am km! ak pmk a xsm jk`m ams xkas m j dkj kk { mjska s m) m0 kscðs { aks kaemijks sæ six j tks v m ek m ams xkas.
OMNB\OOFMN _LC\ZK Efkr dk zlkafpkbm nmrkjals lse|lzpms xkzk omnslc|fz {|l la Efkr Fblk slk l) déo|am {|l x|lbk ckzknrfpkz ak iëtfik slc|zfbkb bl ams xksk`lzms. _fn lijkz) cm! la omixmzrkiflnrm bla omnb|ormz sfc|l sflnbm |n ekormz blofsfm xmz am {|l zlsxlork k ak slc|zfbkb ln ak ok) zzlrlzk. K omnrfn|kofÿn! lnomnrzkzë kac|nks nmziks i|v slnofaaks xkzk fk`kz omn rmrka slc|zfbkb ln bfsrfnrks omnbfofmnls. _lc|zkilnrl i|odks al zls|arkzën ekif) afkzls! xlzm bl rmbks emziks! slzë i|v ðrfa {|l alk rmbm omn i|odk krlnofÿn.
Knrl_ bl XMnlz_l KA uMAKnrl ) Kslcðzlsl bl {|l aks a|ols v ams xzmvlormzls e|nofmnln omzzlorkilnrl. ) Zlc|al ak xmsfofÿn bl ams ksflnrms! bla maknrl v bl ams lsxl`ms zlrzmfsmzls xkzk omnslc|fz ak il`mz xmsfofÿn. ) Zlc|al omn o|fbkbm ams kxmvkokjl) pks! bl iknlzk {|l slk ak okjlpk v nm la o|laam ak {|l kxmvl smjzl laams. ) Kslcðzlsl bl {|l nkbk $kaemijzks! lro.& mjsrko|afol la zlomzzfbm bl ams xl) bkals.
) Kslcðzlsl bl {|l ams sfsrliks bl s|`lofÿn xkzk ams nfûms $sfaafrks! o|nks! lro.&! sf ams d|jflzk! lsræn ef`kbms omzzlo) rkilnrl. Ls xzlelzfjal omamokz aks sfaafrks ln la ksflnrm rzkslzm. Nm |sl la ksflnrm blaknrlzm xkzk la rzknsxmzrl bl nfûms. ) Omam{|l ams mj`lrms ln la omi) xkzrfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls omn i|odk krlnofÿn! xkzk lfrkz {|l ln |n ezlnkpm jz|som slkn xzmvlorkbms dkofk kblakn) rl. ) Lfrl aks omifbks xlskbks knrls bl omilnpkz |n fk`l. \nk kafilnrkofÿn afclzk omnrzfj|vl k iknrlnlz blsxflzrms ams zleal`ms. Lfrl smjzl rmbm la omns|im bl jljfbks kaomdÿafoks. ) Zlo|lzbl omnrzmakz rmbm am {|l sl fnbfok ln la kxkzrkbm *Omnrzmals xl) zfÿbfoms knrls bl fk`ls akzcms* ln lsrl okxér|am. KbulzrlnofK0 m ksxm a déam xÿsms mijs) ja kmkas vk {! ksm xæks m sxæs k! xmék txamk m ks.
nk aa jms mijs) ja a m a déam! xs ak ak sëk v ams kxms mijsja xmék xmmk txamsÿ v m.
bl ufK@l ) Ak xzfilzk nmzik xkzk |nk omnb|o) ofÿn slc|zk ls ak xz|blnofk. ) _lz xz|blnrl sfcnfefok rkijfæn lsrkz ln omnbfofmnls bl xzllnfz |n omixmz) rkiflnrm l{|fmokbm m fixz|blnrl bl ams bliës omnb|ormzls. ) Kræncksl zfc|zmskilnrl k aks nmz) iks bl ofzo|akofÿn bl okbk Xkés! v smjzl rmbm! zlsxlrl ams aéifrls bl lamofbkb. ) Kslcðzlsl sflixzl bl {|l! kbliës bl \srlb! rmbms ams xksk`lzms sl dkvkn kjzmodkbm la ofnr|zÿn bl slc|zfbkb v bl {|l ams nfûms fk`ln ln aks sfaafrks lsxlofkals xkzk laams. om skm ijkcp! jk`m a e) m sxeks m ms ikims s iv xa) cmsm xkk |s v xkk ams mms
Kjÿds six a ) ÿ! km |s mim a sm ams xksk`ms. uk`k s ams ms sc) k kik a scm asms cks m i ksm k. ) Ams fk`ls akzcms bljl omilnpkzams ln j|lnks omnbfofmnls eésfoks. ) Nm omnb|pok bliksfkbks dmzks slc|fbks! blræncksl bl lp ln o|knbm xkzk lsrfzkz aks xflznks v blsoknskz. ) Dkck ofzo|akz la kfzl ln la dkjfrëo|) am xkzk {|l sl zln|ll. ) Nm jk`l n|nok aks xlnbflnrls omn la imrmz kxkckbm0 ln lsrks omnbfofmnls nm o|lnrk omn ak kv|bk bla ezlnm bla imrmz! bla slzmezlnm nf rkixmom bl ak slzmbfzloofÿn7 xmz am rknrm! bljlzë s|`lrkz la maknrl v xfskz la xlbka bla ezlnm omn iës e|lzpk.
) Iknrlnck |nk bfsrknofk bl slc|) zfbkb! zlsxlorm k ams ldéo|ams {|l al xzlolbln! i|odm ikvmz {|l b|zknrl la bék0 ls bfeéofa okao|akz ak lamofbkb bl ams mrzms ldéo|ams o|knbm ðnfokilnrl sl ln aks a|ols. ) Kslcðzlsl bl {|l ams xzmvlormzls lsræn mzflnrkbms omzzlorkilnrl0 sf lsrën bliksfkbm jk`ms! zlb|oln ak fsfjfafbkb v oknskn ak fsrk. _f lsrën bliksfkbm ka) rms! x|lbln imalsrkz k ams omnb|ormzls bl ams mrzms ldéo|ams. ) \sl aks a|ols karks sÿam e|lzk bl ak of|bkb v o|knbm lsræ slc|zm bl nm im) alsrkz k ams mrzms omnb|ormzls. ) Ka oz|pkzsl omn mrzm ldéo|am! {|frl aks a|ols karks $sf lsrën lnolnbfbks& v xmnck aks jk`ks. ) Iknrlnck afixfms ams xzmvlormzls. ) E|lzk bl ak of|bkb! rlnck o|fbkbm omn ams knfikals {|l oz|pkn ak okzzl) rlzk.
oMnb|ofz JK@M AK AA|ufK Ak aa|fk v aks okzzlrlzks im`kbks sfc) nfefokn xlafczm. Ln |nk okzzlrlzk im`kbk o|ka{|flz iknfmjzk ls iës bfeéofa xmz{|l la zmol bl aks z|lbks smjzl la ksekarm sl zlb|ol nmrkjalilnrl. Ln omnslo|lnofk! ams ls) xkofms bl ezlnkbm sl kakzckn v ak kbdl) zlnofk bl ams nl|iërfoms bfsifn|vl. Lsrms smn kac|nms omnsl`ms {|l bljl slc|fz o|knbm omnb|ol jk`m ak aa|fk0 ) Zlb|pok ak lamofbkb v iknrlnck |nk bfsrknofk bl slc|zfbkb ikvmz zls) xlorm k ams ldéo|ams {|l al xzlolbln. ) _f aa|ll i|odm! rkijfæn sl zlb|ol ak fsfjfafbkb. Ln lsrms oksms! k|n{|l slk bl bék! lnoflnbk aks a|ols jk`ks xkzk il`mzkz ak fsfjfafbkb.
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) Nm krzkflsl ams odkzoms k kark l) amofbkb v s|`lrl la maknrl omn e|lzpk0 krzklskz |n odkzom k kark lamofbkb x|lbl dkolzal xlzblz la omnrzma bla l) déo|am $‑k{|kxaknfnc’&. ) ulzfef{|l xlzfÿbfokilnrl la lsrkbm bl aks lsomjfaaks bla afixfkxkzkjzfsks. Ams déams Ek sm sûkms v skms xkk ak xm as mik) as kck. Jk`m cð mxm a kck j sxk a a a m ak k! akm k k amk ikdk em k ;< Gi-d.
oMnb|ofz oMn nflJAK ) _f ak nfljak ls blnsk! nm lixzlnbk la fk`l ln ak ilbfbk bl am xmsfjal. Z J < : ; 8 D
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_f dkv jz|ik! nfljak |nfemzil m ltfs) rl ak xmsfjfafbkb bl lnomnrzkz jknoms bl nfljak0 ) Iknrlnck |nk lamofbkb imblzk) bk. ) Lnoflnbk! k|n{|l slk bl bék! aks a|ols jk`ks v aks llnr|kals a|ols knrf) nfljak blaknrlzks k|tfafkzls. Nm |sl aks a|ols karks. ) _laloofmnl ak e|nofÿn bl blslixk) ûkiflnrm omn ams iknbms bl lnrfakofÿn $omns|arl la okxér|am ‑Omnmofiflnrm bla ldéo|am’&! ksé nm rlnbzë xzmjaliks bl fsfjfafbkb. ) Zlo|lzbl {|l sf dkv nfljak! la ksekarm lsrkzë dðilbm! v xmz am rknrm! o|ka{|flz iknfmjzk slzë iës bfeéofa k|) ilnrknbm ams lsxkofms bl ezlnkbm. ) Lfrl! ln ak ilbfbk bl am xmsfjal! okijfms jz|soms bl lamofbkb. ) Lfrl kblaknrkz k mrzms ldéo|ams sf nm ls fixzlsofnbfjal. ) _f nm rflnl iës zlilbfm {|l xkzkz la ldéo|am $klzéks! fixmsfjfafbkb bl xzmslc|fz xmz ekark bl fsfjfafbkb! lro.&! fnrlnrl blrlnlzsl e|lzk bl ams okzzfals. A|lcm! lnoflnbk aks a|ols bl lilzcln) ofk v! sf ls xmsfjal! aks a|ols jk`ks. Rm) {|l kzfks lols ak jmofnk sf l {|l sl kolzok mrzm ldéo|am.
oMnb|ofz ln AK IMnrKÛK ) Ln aks jk`kbks! |sl la ezlnm bla im) rmz! komxaknbm aks ikzodks omzrks xkzk nm zlokalnrkz ams ezlnms. ) Xmz nfncðn imrfm bljl jk`kz aks xlnbflnrls omn la imrmz kxkckbm m ln x|nrm i|lzrm! v i|odm ilnms blsx|æs bl dkjlz {|frkbm ak aakl bl kzzkn{|l. ) Omnb|pok k lamofbkb imblzkbk v lfrl ‑omzrkz’ aks o|zks. ) Zlo|lzbl {|l ams kblaknrkiflnrms smn iës alnrms ln aks o|lsrks! xmz am rknrm nlolsfrk ikvmz lsxkofm afjzl. _f sl al kblaknrkn ln |nk s|jfbk! dkck am xm) sfjal xkzk ekofafrkz la kblaknrkiflnrm.
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oMnb|ofz oMn nflul M dflAM Lsrms smn kac|nms omnsl`ms xkzk omn) b|ofz ln lsrks omnbfofmnls0 ) Iknrlnck |nk lamofbkb i|v im) blzkbk. ) Ln okzzlrlzks nlkbks! xmnck aks ok) blnks7 omns|arl la kxkzrkbm ‑Okblnks xkzk ak nfll’ ln lsrl okxér|am. ) \sl xzlelzlnrlilnrl la ezlnm bla imrmz v lfrl ezlnkz jz|sokilnrl. ) _f ezlnk omn |n ldéo|am sfn KJ_! fnrlnrl {|l aks z|lbks nm sl jam{|lln! zlc|aknbm ak xzlsfÿn smjzl la xlbka bla ezlnm. ) Ln fnflznm! fnoa|sm aks okzzlrlzks kxkzlnrlilnrl sloks! x|lbln xzlslnrkz rzkims omn dflam. Xmz am rknrm! lsræ i|v krlnrm ka krzklskz rzkims xmom smalk) bms! eakn{|lkbms xmz ëzjmals m zmoks! vk {|l x|lbln lsrkz o|jflzrms xmz la dflam.
oMnb|ofz oMn lA KJ_ La KJ_ ls |n l{|fxm bla sfsrlik bl ezlnkbm {|l al xzmxmzofmnk lslnofka) ilnrl bms lnrk`ks0 ;& Lfrk {|l aks z|lbks sl jam{|lln v xkrfnln b|zknrl aks ezlnkbks bl lilz)
clnofk! lsxlofkailnrl ln omnbfofmnls bl xmok kbdlzlnofk. :& Xlzifrl ezlnkz v fzkz ka ifsim rflixm! xkzk {|l \srlb x|lbk bfzfcfz la ldéo|am dkofk la a|ckz blslkbm lf) rknbm mjsrëo|ams fixzlfsrms sflixzl {|l am xlzifrkn ams aéifrls eésfoms bl kbdlzlnofk akrlzka bl ams nl|iërfoms.
Xkk kxmk ka iëtim a KJ_ ) Aks ezlnkbks bl lilzclnofk m o|knbm dkv xmok kbdlzlnofk! nmrkzë |nk afclzk x|askofÿn smjzl la xlbka bla ezlnm0 ls ak slûka bl {|l la KJ_ lsrë e|n) ofmnknbm. Nm s|larl la xlbka! omnrfnðl xfsënbmam xkzk {|l ak koofÿn bl ezlnkbm nm xflzbk omnrfn|fbkb. ) La KJ_ fixfbl {|l aks z|lbks sl jam{|lln! xlzm nm k|ilnrk ams aéifrls eésfoms bl kbdlzlnofk lnrzl ak okzzlrlzk v ams nl|iërfoms. Xmz am rknrm! fnoa|sm ln ams ldéo|ams l{|fxkbms omn KJ_! zls) xlrl ak bfsrknofk bl slc|zfbkb v zlb|pok ak lamofbkb ka lnrzkz ln |nk o|zk.
oMnb|ofz ln oKzzlrlzK_ nM XKufIlnrKbK_ La Fblk Kblnr|zl dk sfbm xzmvlorkbm xkzk rzknsfrkz ln okifnms xkfilnrk) bms! k|n{|l moksfmnkailnrl x|lbk slz omnb|ofbm xmz okifnms sfn xkfiln) rkofÿn. Ak lzsfÿn Kblnr|zl! sfn lijkzcm! jfln omim rmbks aks bliës lzsfmnls blsozfrks ln æsrl ikn|ka! nm e|l xzm) vlorkbk xkzk zlomzzfbms ln imnrkûk! slnblzms | mrzms zlomzzfbms zkbfokals. Mjslzl sflixzl aks zlomilnbkofm) nls v xzlok|ofmnls xkzk omnb|oofÿn bl ldéo|ams ln éks nm xkfilnrkbks. Knrls bl omnb|ofz la ldéo|am ln |nk s|jfbk m jk`kbk! xkzl v lkaðl ak sfr|kofÿn. _f aks omnbfofmnls bl omn) b|oofÿn nm smn slc|zks $xzlslnofk bl dmvms! mjsrëo|ams! lro.&! nm omnrfnðl ak ikzodk. _f sl lno|lnrzk smzxzlnbfbm ln omn) bfofmnls kblzsks! nm fnrlnrl dkolz iknfmjzks {|l x|lbkn xmnlzam ln zflscm. Ln oksm bl nm omnslc|fz s|xlzkz e|lzrls s|jfbks $nm zlomilnbkbks&! am iës slc|zm ls malz ln ikzodk krzës! alnrkilnrl! omnrzmaknbm la ldéo|am v! sfc|flnbm la ifsim okifnm bl ak s|jf) bk! zlrmznkz.
Omnb|pok alnrkilnrl! omim omn) OMNB\OOFMN flnl ln okzzlrlzks nm xkfilnrkbks! mjslzknbm ams mjsrëo|ams v blsfknbm LOMNMIFOK V sflixzl bl laams. _f nm ls xmsfjal bls) ZL_XLR\M_K OMN fkz! |lak v lno|lnrzl mrzm okifnm iës slc|zm. LA ILBFM KIJFLNRL Aks okzzlrlzks nm xkfilnrkbks! ln Ak xzmrloofÿn bla ilbfm kijflnrl dk clnlzka nm xmslln slûkafpkofmnls m xakoks bl kblzrlnofk7 xmz am rknrm! la sfbm |nm bl ams xzfnofxfms {|l dkn fns) omnb|ormz bljlzë rlnlz iës krlnofÿn! xfzkbm ak zlkafpkofÿn bla Efkr Fblk. Nm omnb|oflnbm sflixzl ln jk`k lamof) ln knm s|s bfsxmsfrfms knrfomnrkif) nknrls mjrflnln zls|arkbms {|l kn i|) bkb. odm iës kaaë bl ak nmzikrfk fclnrl. Olzofÿzlsl bl {|l ams l{|fxk`ls lsrën _fn lijkzcm! xkzk xzlslzkz la il) bfsx|lsrms bl emzik slc|zk v sfn ltol) bfm kijflnrl sl nlolsfrk ak iëtfik blz ams aéifrls bl okzck bla ldéo|am. krlnofÿn v omakjmzkofÿn xmz xkzrl bl Rzks dkjlz omnb|ofbm xmz okzzlrlzks rmbms. nm xkfilnrkbks! fnsxloofmnl rmbms ams _fc|flnbm kac|nks zlcaks i|v slnof) sfsrliks bla ldéo|am! olzofmzënbmsl bl {|l nm dkvk nfncðn bkûm ln omixm) aaks la k|rmimfafsrk x|lbl lfrkz xlz) `|bfokz la ilbfm kijflnrl v i|odks nlnrls fixmzrknrls. lols! ka ifsim rflixm! afifrkz la omn) Zlo|æzblsl rkijfæn {|l nl|iërfoms s|im. nm mzfcfnkals v bl ilbfbks bfsrfnrks bl Omn lsrl xzmxÿsfrm! als mezlolims aks lsxlofefokbks x|lbln alknrkz la ldéo|am! am {|l xmbzék zlxzlslnrkz xl) k omnrfn|kofÿn i|odks fnbfokofmnls ðrfals! {|l sl s|ikn k rmbks k{|laaks afczm bl |laom. ikzokbks omn la séijmam / xzlslnrls ln kzfms x|nrms bla ikn|ka.
XzMrloofMn bl AM_ bf_XM_frfuM_ [|l zlb|oln AK_ lIf_fMnl_ oMnrKIfnKnrl_ La omzzlorm e|nofmnkiflnrm bl ams bfsxmsfrfms knrfomnrkifnknrls! nm sÿ) am ckzknrfpk la zlsxlrm bla ilbfm ki) jflnrl! sfnm {|l rkijfæn fnea|vl ln la zlnbfiflnrm bla ldéo|am. Xmz am rknrm! iknrlnlz ln j|ln lsrkbm lsrms bfsxm) sfrfms ls ak xzfilzk zlcak {|l dkv {|l slc|fz xkzk |nk omnb|oofÿn lomaÿcfok v lomnÿifok. Ak xzfilzk ilbfbk ls slc|fz lsoz|) x|amskilnrl la Xakn bl Iknrlnfiflnrm Xzmczkikbm. Xkzk ams imrmzls k cksmafnk! |sl lt) oa|sfkilnrl nkerk sfn xamim. _f la l) déo|am nm sl xmnl ln ikzodk! nm sfck fnsfsrflnbm. Lfrl smjzl rmbm aks iknfm) jzks bl lix|`l m zlima{|l v rkixmom rzkrl bl kxzmlodkz aks jk`kbks0 rmbks laaks smn iknfmjzks {|l x|lbln bkûkz la sfalnofkbmz okrkaérfom. \rfafol ltoa|sf) kilnrl |nk jkrlzék k|tfafkz $Omns|arl la kxkzrkbm ‑X|lsrk ln ikzodk omn jkrlzék k|tf) afkz’ ln la okxér|am ‑Ln lilzclnofk’&.
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O|knbm sl lnoflnbk la slûkakbmz a|) ifnmsm bl ak zlslzk! fnrlnrl zlkjksrl) olzsl am knrls xmsfjal. \n nfla jk`m bl omij|srfjal ok|skzék |nk kafilnrkofÿn fzzlc|akz bla imrmz! l fnlfrkjalilnrl |n k|ilnrm bl ak rlixlzkr|zk bl ams cksls bl lsokxl7 laam xmbzék bkûkz czk) lilnrl la sfalnofkbmz okrkaérfom. Nm xmnck ln e|nofmnkiflnrm la im) rmz! nf sf{|flzk xkzk xzmjkzam! omn |nk m iës j|`éks blsomnlorkbks. Nm okaflnrl la imrmz ln zkalnré knrls bl skafz! k ilnms {|l ak rlixlzkr|zk ltrlznk slk i|v jk`k l fnoa|sm ln lsrl oksm! xmz nm iës bl ?8 slc|nbms. bk s emk) im mika! a sa) km kkaém kakpk ixkks iv akks! xm am km m skm a déam smj ikka eakikja $djk! dm`ks sks! kc`ks xm! .&0 xacm m. Nm fnsrkal mrzks xzmrloofmnls omnrzk la okamz ln la sfalnofkbmz okrkaérfom nf ln la okûm bl lsokxl ksé omim rkixmom {|frl aks vk ltfsrlnrls.
MrzM_ oMn_l@M_ ) Nm okaflnrl la imrmz omn la ldéo|) am xkzkbm0 ln lsrks omnbfofmnls la im) rmz sl okaflnrk i|odm iës alnrkilnrl v xmz omnsfc|flnrl! k|ilnrkn la omns|im v aks lifsfmnls omnrkifnknrls. Xmz am rknrm! ls il`mz skafz alnrkilnrl! lfrkn) bm zlcéilnls lalkbms. ) Ln o|knrm aks omnbfofmnls bl rzëefom v ak okzzlrlzk am xlzifrkn! |rfafol |nk ikzodk iës kark. ) Nm kolalzl o|knbm la ldéo|am lsræ xkzkbm ln |n sliëemzm m knrls bl kxk) ckz la imrmz. ) Iknrlnck |nk lamofbkb am iës |nfemzil xmsfjal! lfrknbm ezlnkbks v kolalzmnls s|xlzea|ms {|l omns|iln omij|srfjal v k|ilnrkn nmrkjalilnrl aks lifsfmnls. Ln aks jk`kbks! xmnck |nk ikzodk omzrk ln a|ckz bl |skz la ezlnm omnsrkn) rlilnrl.
La xlsm {|l l`lzol la zlima{|l smjzl la cknodm bl kzzksrzl zlb|ol xzmxmz) ofmnkailnrl ak okxkofbkb bl okzck bla ldéo|am. ) Kxkc|l la imrmz b|zknrl aks xkzk) bks xzmamnckbks. ) Nm fk`l omn mj`lrms fnðrfals ln la omixkzrfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls. La xlsm bla ldéo|am fnea|vl ln la omns|im. ) [|frl la xmzrkl{|fxk`ls o|knbm vk nm am |sl. Lsrl koolsmzfm bfsifn|vl omnsfblzkjalilnrl ak klzmbfnëifok bla ldéo|am. ) \rfafol ams bfsxmsfrfms laæorzfoms ðnfokilnrl b|zknrl la rflixm {|l slk nlolskzfm. Ak bliknbk bl omzzflnrl k|) ilnrk la omns|im bl omij|srfjal. rksk m a ssik skx imekm! k) iës kik ms) kjai a m $xmaÿ smm) k& msv k ekÿ k aks miks ësm.
oMn_fblzKofMnl_ ClnlzKAl_ Ikim a éam Aks omnbfofmnls bl iknrlnfiflnrm zlxzlslnrkn |n ekormz i|v fixmzrkn) rl smjzl la omns|im bl omij|srfjal! omnemzr bl ikzodk v smjzl ak fbk ðrfa bla ldéo|am. Xmz lsrl imrfm ls i|v fixmzrknrl o|ixafz omn aks mxlzkofmnls bl ‑iknrlnfiflnrm Xzmczkikbm ’.
niëms Omnrzmakz xlzfÿbfokilnrl! vk {|l |nk jk`k xzlsfÿn! fnea|vln smjzl ak ls) rkjfafbkb! la ezlnkbm v la omns|im bl omij|srfjal.
Nm okalnrkz la imrmz ln zkalnré m ln zxi lalkbms. Ls komnsl`kjal xkz) rfz alnrkilnrl! lfrknbm kolalzkofmnls jz|soks.
K Kmmkm L`lzol e|lzrl fnea|lnofk smjzl la omn) s|im bl omij|srfjal $:8, m iës&. O|knbm ak rlixlzkr|zk am xlzifrk! ofz) o|al omn ak zlnmkofÿn bl kfzl omn la ltrlzfmz.
Xmims fðas Lfrkz cmaxls bl kolalzkofÿn lsrkn) bm xkzkbm ln |n sliëemzm m knrls bl xkzkz la imrmz xzmmoknbm la k|ilnrm bl omns|im v xmz am rknrm ak omnrkif) nkofÿn.
Ksmms Kmëims Ams ifsims nm olzrfefokbms x|lbln moksfmnkz k|ilnrm bla omns|im bl omij|srfjal v xlnkafpkz la xzmxfm om) lefoflnrl klzmbfnëifom mzfcfnka.
okijm Ikks
okcks ðas Nm fk`l omn ltolsm bl okzck. La xlsm bla ldéo|am $smjzl rmbm ln la rzënsfrm |zjknm& l`lzol e|lzrl fnea|lnofk smjzl la omns|im v ak lsrkjfafbkb.
_lcðn aks omnbfofmnls bl rzknsfrm am xlzifrkn! |rfafpkz aks ikzodks iës akz) cks xmsfjals. La |sm bl ikzodks jk`ks! xkzk mjrlnlz |nk j|lnk zlsx|lsrk bla imrmz xzmmok la k|ilnrm fnlfrkjal bla omns|im bl omij|srfjal. Rkijfæn! iknrlnlz ikzodks akzcks ln {|l aks ofzo|nsrknofks komnsl`kn dkolzam omn ikzodks omzrks! k|ilnrkn la omns|im v ams nflals bl omnrkif) nkofÿn.
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Kakÿ
omms aks kaas v ks
La omns|im bl omij|srfjal k|ilnrk k nflals xzmxmzofmnkailnrl ln zlak) ofÿn k aks lamofbkbls {|l la ldéo|am blskzzmaak. Xmz l`lixam xmblims blofz! {|l k|ilnrknbm ak lamofbkb blsbl 68 gi-d k ;:8 gi-d! la omns|im bl omij|srfjal k|ilnrk |n ?8,. Rzkrkz bl iknrlnlz |nk lamofbkb omnsrknrl! lfrknbm ezlnkbks jz|soks v zlrmils bl lamofbkb fnnlolskzfms {|l omns|iln omij|srfjal v k|ilnrkn aks lifsfmnls nmofks. _l komnsl`k |n imbm bl iknl`m xz|blnrl! rzkrknbm bl knrfofxkz aks ik) nfmjzks xkzk lfrkz xlafczms lifnlnrls v rzkrkz bl iknrlnlz |nk bfsrknofk lnrzl ldéo|ams bl : m ? slc|nbms.
Kolalzkz la imrmz ln emzik fmalnrk m e|nofmnkz ln lalkbks zxi! xlnkafpk nmrkjalilnrl la omns|im bl omij|s) rfjals! omim la k|ilnrm bl lifsfÿn bl cksls v ak xzmxfk b|zkjfafbkb bla ifs) im. Omnflnl kolalzkz czkb|kailnrl v nm xkskz bla zæcfiln iëtfim bla imrmz.
La omns|im bl omij|srfjal v ak omn) rkifnkofÿn lsrë afckbm lsrzlodkilnrl omn sfr|kofmnls bl rzënsfrm fnrlnsm! sm) jzl rmbm ln aks czknbls of|bkbls. Rkijfæn aks z|rks bl imnrkûks! omn kzfkofÿn bl nflals v k{|laaks omn xfsm ln ika lsrkbm krlnrkn omnrzks ams nfl) als bl omns|im. ) Iknrlnck |nk lamofbkb am iës |nfemzil xmsfjal! lfrknbm ezlnkbks v kolalzmnls s|xlzea|ms {|l omns|iln omij|srfjal v k|ilnrkn nmrkjalilnrl aks lifsfmnls. ) Kxkc|l la imrmz b|zknrl aks xkzk) bks xzmamnckbks. ) Omnrzmal xlzfÿbfokilnrl ak xzlsfÿn bl ams nl|iërfoms0 sf ak xzlsfÿn ls bl) iksfkbm jk`k! la omns|im k|ilnrk.
omms |apkÿ Rzkvlorms i|v omzrms v x|lsrks ln ikzodk ezlo|lnrls krlnrkn omnrzk la omns|im v aks lifsfmnls bl cksls nm) ofms {|l sl lalkn bla ;< ka ?8,.
Z J 4 : ; 8 D
Z J 6 : ; 8 D
efc. 4
efc. 6
) Nm fk`l omn mj`lrms fnðrfals ln la KZZK_RZL BL omixkzrfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls. La xlsm bla ldéo|am fnea|vl ln la ZLIMA[\L_ omns|im. ) [|frl la xmzrkl{|fxk`ls o|knbm KbulzrlnofK_ vk nm am |sl. Lsrl koolsmzfm bfsifn|vl omnsfblzkjalilnrl ak klzmbfnëifok bla Xkk a kks ima{s! ldéo|am. a déam j sk xmsm a ) \rfafol ams bfsxmsfrfms laæorzfoms ckdm dmimamckm v k skak) ðnfokilnrl b|zknrl la rflixm {|l slk ÿ aæk kxmxkk. nlolskzfm. Ak bliknbk bl omzzflnrl k|) ilnrk la omns|im bl omij|srfjal. La xlsm {|l l`lzol la zlima{|l smjzl Im ams sx`ms msms la cknodm bl kzzksrzl zlb|ol xzmxmz) sxéems scð aks miks a ofmnkailnrl ak okxkofbkb bl okzck bla oÿcm oakÿ. z ldéo|am. { kksk ima{ ak Zlo|lzbl {|l kzzksrzkz |n zlima{|l xmsjak sj aks xs zlb|ol ak xmsfjfafbkb bl s|jfz aks xln) xmkks. bflnrls xzmn|nofkbks. Ln aks jk`kbks! xmnck |nk ikzodk Xkk kscks { m sxk omzrk ln a|ckz bl |skz la ezlnm omnsrkn) a xsm iëtim imakja j rlilnrl. msk a xsm ima{ k) ckm! avm ams ksmms v a {xk`. zsx ams aéis amk sxéems kk xkés xkk ams déams m kks ima) {.
X\L_RK Ln IKZODK ?& Xfsl k emnbm la xlbka bla kolalzk) bmz v iknrænckam xfskbm. La slûkakbmz BL LILZCLnOFK a|ifnmsm bl ak fnvloofÿn \ sl ln) _f la sfsrlik Efkr OMBL nm amczk bls) korfukz la rzkjkbm bla imrmz! ams slûkak) bmzls a|ifnmsms V v \ xlziknloln lnolnbfbms v la imrmz nm sl xmnl ln ikzodk. Xkzk laam! ls nlolskzfm zlkafpkz ak x|lsrk ln ikzodk bl lilzclnofk. Al komnsl`kims {|l alk rmbm la xzmolbfiflnrm omn i|odk krlnofÿn knrls bl zlkafpkzam. _f omilrl |n lzzmz b|zknrl la xzmol) bfiflnrm bl lilzclnofk! bljlzë xmnlz n|lukilnrl ak aakul ln ak xmsfofÿn _RMX v zlxlrfz aks mxlzkofmnls blsbl la omiflnpm $x|nrm ;&. ;& Alk la oÿbfcm lalorzÿnfom bl < ofezks fnbfokbm ln ak OMBL okzb. :& Cfzl ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l k ak xm) sfofÿn IKZ.
oflnbl b|zknrl 4 slc|nbms kxzmtfik) bkilnrl v blsx|æs sl kxkck7 ln lsrl imilnrm! s|larl la xlbka bla kolalzkbmz v o|lnrl la nðilzm bl c|fûkbks bla sl) ûkakbmz a|ifnmsm \. 2& Lsxlzl |n nðilzm bl blsrlaams fc|ka k ak xzfilzk ofezk bla oÿbfcm bl ak OMBL okzb! a|lcm! xfsl la xlbka bla kolalzkbmz v iknrænckam xfskbm dksrk {|l la slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm \ sl ln) oflnbk $b|zknrl 2 slc|nbms& v blsx|æs sl kxkc|l7 ln lsrl imilnrm! s|larl la xlbka bla kolalzkbmz. <& La slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm \ li) xflpk n|lukilnrl k blsrlaakz0 blsx|æs bl |n nðilzm bl blsrlaams fc|ka k ak slc|nbk ofezk bla oÿbfcm bl ak OMBL OKZB! xfsl la xlbka bla kolalzkbmz v iknrænckam xfskbm. 5& Zlkafol aks ifsiks mxlzkofmnls xkzk aks bliës ofezks bla oÿbfcm bl ak OMBL okzb.
3& Blsx|æs bl ak ðarfik ofezk! ikn) rlnck xfskbm la xlbka bla kolalzkbmz. La slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm \ sl lnoflnbl b|) zknrl 2 slc|nbms v blsx|æs sl kxkck. Kdmzk x|lbl smarkz la xlbka bla kol) alzkbmz. 4& \n blsrlaam zëxfbm bla slûkak) bmz a|ifnmsm \ $b|zknrl 2 slc|nbms kxzmtfikbkilnrl& omnefzik {|l ak mxlzkofÿn sl dk zlkafpkbm omzzlorkiln) rl. 6& Xmnck ln ikzodk la imrmz cfzkn) bm ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l blsbl ak xmsf) ofÿn IKZ k ak xmsfofÿn KUU. Ln okijfm! sf la slûkakbmz a|ifnmsm \ xlziknlol kðn lnolnbfbm! cfzl ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l k ak xmsfofÿn _RMX v zlxfrk la xzmolbfiflnrm blsbl la x|nrm ;&. KBULZRLNOFK0 blsx|æs bl |nk x|lsrk ln ikzodk bl lilzclnofk! al komnsl`kims {|l sl bfzf`k k |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr! vk {|l la xzmolbfiflnrm blsozfrm sl bljlzë zlxlrfz okbk ulp {|l xmnl ln ikz) odk la imrmz.
O
:& omnlorl omn mrzm okjal la jmznl nlckrfum $‟& bl ak jkrlzék k|tfafkz omn |n x|nrm bl iksk! ln la imrmz m ln ak ok`k bl okijfm bla uldéo|am {|l bljl xmnlz ln ikzodk! m jfln! omn la jmznl nlckrfum $‟& bl ak jkrlzék blsokzckbk7 ?& xmnck ln ikzodk la imrmz7 2& omn la imrmz ln ikzodk! zlrfzl ams okjals sfc|flnbm la mzbln fnulzsm zlsxlorm k ak omamokofÿn. _f la imrmz nm sl xmnl ln ikzodk blsx|æs bl fnrlnrkzam ukzfks ulols! nm fnsfsrk fnðrfailnrl. Bfzé`ksl k |n rkaalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr.
X\L_RK Ln IKZODK OMn JKRLZFK K\TFAFKZ _f ak jkrlzék lsrë blsokzckbk! x|l) bl xmnlz ln ikzodk la imrmz omn mrzk jkrlzék bl okxkofbkb fc|ka m kacm s|) xlzfmz zlsxlorm k ak jkrlzék blsokzckbk $omns|arl la okxér|am ‑Okzkorlzésrfoks ræonfoks‑&. Bljl zlkafpkz am sfc|flnrl efc. ;0 ;& omnlorl omn |n okjal kblo|kbm ams jmznls xmsfrfums $sfcnm ' ka akbm bla jmznl& bl aks bms jkrlzéks7
i 8 5 ; 8 D 8 E
efc. ;
Nm zlkafol lsrl xzmolbf) iflnrm sf nm rflnl ltxlzfln) ofk0 iknfmjzks fnomzzlorks x|lbln xzmumokz blsokzcks laæo) rzfoks bl czkn fnrlnsfbkb l fnoa|sm x|lbln dkolz ltxamrkz ak jkrlzék. Kbliës! al komnsl`kims {|l nm sl kolz{|l k ak jkrlzék omn aakiks afjzls nf ofckzzfaams lnolnbfbms v nm xzmum{|l odfsxks0 xlafczm bl ltxam) sfÿn v bl fnolnbfm. Xmz nfncðn imrfum |sl |n okzckbmz bl jkrlzéks xkzk ak x|lsrk ln ikzodk bl lilz) clnofk0 xmbzék bkûkz ams sfsrliks lalorzÿnfoms v lsxlofkailnrl aks olnrzkals {|l bfzfcln aks e|nofmnls bl lnolnbfbm v kafilnrkofÿn.
:. _K[\L AK_ DLZZKIFLNRK_! LA OZF[\L $cKRM& V AK Z\LBK BL ZLX\L_RM
X\L_RK Ln IKZODK _F _L XFnODK \n OMn IKnFMJZK_ nL\IKRFOM BL FnLZOFK ;. XKZL LA ULDÉO\AM Ams uldéo|ams okrkafpkbms nm bljln xmnlzsl ln ikz) odk lix|`ënbmams! zlima) oënbmams! nf kxzmulodknbm aks jk`k) bks. Omn lsrks iknfmjzks xmbzék lnrzkz omij|srfjal ln la sfalnofkbmz okrkaérfom v bkûkzam fzzlilbfkjal) ilnrl. Zlo|lzbl {|l dksrk {|l nm sl xmnck ln ikzodk la imrmz! la slzumezlnm nf ak bfzloofÿn dfbzë|afok e|nofmnkn7 xmz am rknrm! bljlzë s|`lrkz la umaknrl v xfskz la xlbka bl ams ezlnms omn iës e|lzpk.
FBLK LAt-DAt Lsrën ln la omixkzrfiflnrm bl l{|f) xk`ls $jkða&! xmz bljk`m bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm. ) Aluknrl ak kaemijzk bl zlulsrfifln) rm. ) Keam`l la bfsxmsfrfum bl jam{|lm K) efc. :! sk{|l ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm. ) _k{|l aks dlzzkiflnrks v la ozf{|l bl s| slc|zm efc. ? m efc. 2.
) Xkzl la uldéo|am ln |n rlzzlnm {|l bljl slz xmsfjalilnrl xaknm v s|efofln) rlilnrl omixkorm. ) Koofmnl la ezlnm bl iknm. ) Xmnck ak xzfilzk ikzodk m ak ikz) odk krzës. ) _f sl lno|lnrzk ln |nk s|jfbk m jk`kbk m ln |n okifnm omn dmvms! omam{|l bljk`m bl aks z|lbks! o|ûks | mrzms ikrlzfkals kblo|kbms xkzk jam) {|lkzaks. ) _lûkal ak xzlslnofk bla uldéo|am xk) zkbm slcðn aks bfsxmsfofmnls ufclnrls0 a|ols bl lilzclnofk! rzfënc|am zlezfn) clnrl! lro.
Z J < 6 : 8 N L 2
Z J ? ? ; 8 D
Z J 4 3 5 8 N L 2
K
efc. :
efc. ?
O
efc. 2
FBLK KBULNR\ZL
) koofmnl ak rzkjk bl slc|zfbkb bla smxmzrl K)efc. < dkofk kzzfjk. ) rfzl bla smxmzrl bl ak z|lbk bl zl) x|lsrm |rfafpknbm ak iknf`k K)efc. 5 dksrk la jam{|lm ln la efnka bla zlomzzf) bm bl kxlzr|zk.
Aks dlzzkiflnrks lsrën ln la omixkz) rfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls. Xkzk skokzaks0 ) kjzk ak rkxk bla omixkzrfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls v la smxmzrl bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm blsbl la fnrlzfmz bla uldéo|am! rfzknbm bl ak xkaknok |jfokbk ln la akbm fp{|flzbm bla ksflnrm bla omnb|ormz. Ln oksm bl zmr|zk bla okjal bl kxlzr|zk bla omixkzrfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls v smxmzrl bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm blsbl la akbm fnrlznm! rfzl bl ak o|lzbk bl lilzcln) ofk! |jfokbk ln la omixkzrfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls! xkzk lelor|kz ak kxlzr|zk bl ak rkxk.
) Kjzk ak rkxk bla omixkzrfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls v aluknrl ak kaemijzk bl zlulsrfiflnrm. ) [|frl la smxmzrl xmzrkdlzzkiflnrks v rfzl bla ozf{|l efc. 3! skoënbmam bl s| kam`kiflnrm. La smxmzrl xmzrkdlzzkiflnrks xmsll mrzms kam`kiflnrms! {|l x|lbln slz |rf) afpkbms omim xmzrkmj`lrms.
KBULZRLNOFK0 xkzk lufrkz la ofl) zzl lsxmnrënlm bla smxmzrl bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm! v xmsfjals koof) blnrls! olzofÿzlsl bl {|l la ifsim lsræ rzkjkbm ln la efnka bla zlomzzfbm bl kxlzr|zk.
Z J 3 : ? 8 D
Z J 4 : ? 8 D
K
Z J 2 5 ; 8 D
K
efc. <
efc. 5
efc. 3
Xkzk skokz ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm0 ) [|frl! omn ak aakul bl z|lbk! ams rzls rmznfaams K)efc. 4. ) _k{|l ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm bl s| smxmzrl! omn o|fbkbm xkzk {|l nm okfck v x|lbk ok|skz koofblnrls. ) [|frl ak xflpk xaësrfok J bl xzm) rloofÿn bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm! xkzk xmsrlzfmzilnrl zlomamokzak ln ak z|lbk omn la nl|iërfom xfnodkbm! knrls bl s|`lrkz ak ifsik ln la smxmzrl. Lsk xflpk xaësrfok ls omamokbk ilbfknrl lnok`l v s| e|nofÿn ls xzmrlclz ak okzk ltrlznk bl ak z|lbk omnrzk lulnr|kals kzkûkpms.
) Keam`l |nk u|lark kxzmtfikbkilnrl ams rmznfaams bl ef`kofÿn bl ak z|lbk {|l uk k okijfkz. Ln ams uldéo|ams l{|fxkbms omn li) jlaalolbmz ef`kbm k xzlsfÿn! së{|lam omn ak kv|bk bl |n blsrmznfaakbmz. Omn z|l) bks bl kalkofÿn afufknk! blskxzflrl ams rmznfaams $efc. 6& kxzmtfikbkilnrl |nk u|lark. _ko|bk akrlzkailnrl la uldéo|am xkzk ekofafrkz {|l ak z|lbk blslncknodl bl ak ikpk bl ak z|lbk. ) Cfzl ak iknf`k bla ozf{|l xkzk kjzfz) am xkzofkailnrl.
Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls ak aakul bl z|lbk bljl slz |rfafpkbk xkzk koofmnk) iflnrm bla ozf{|l. ) Omam{|l la ozf{|l ln la séijmam r J)efc. ;8 m ;; olzok bl ak z|lbk {|l uk k okijfkz v kslcðzlsl bl {|l ak zkn|zk K bla ozf{|l lsræ jfln fnrzmb|ofbk ln la akzc|lzm O.
Z J 3 8 8 8 D
?. OKIJFL AK Z\LBK La uldéo|am x|lbl xzlslnrkz bfsrfnrms imblams bl lijlaalolbmz! slcðn aks ulzsfmnls-ilzokbms. efc. ;8 J
K
Z J < 3 ; 8 D
Z J 8 ? ? 8 D
K
J
K
efc. 4
Z J ; 3 ; 8 N L 2
K
efc. 6
efc. ;;
O
O
_f la ozf{|l lsrë ika omam) okbm! la uldéo|am x|lbl oklzsl. ) Cfzl ak iknf`k bla ozf{|l v aluknrl la uldéo|am dksrk {|l ak z|lbk sl kaol kac|nms olnréilrzms bla s|lam. Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls ak aakul bl z|lbk bljl slz |rfafpkbk xkzk koofmnk) iflnrm bla ozf{|l. Z J 6 ; 8 8 D
J
) Keam`l omixalrkilnrl ams 2 rmznf) aams v {|frl ak z|lbk. ) Imnrl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm! bl ik) nlzk {|l ams rmznfaams J)efc. ;: omfnof) bkn omn ams mzfefofms K)efc. ;:. ) Fnrzmb|pok la xzfilz rmznfaam K)efc. ;?! ln la mzfefofm iës olzoknm k ak uëa) u|ak bl fneakbm J)efc. ;?. ) Omam{|l k xzlsfÿn ak rkpk bl ak z|l) bk ln ak aaknrk! dkoflnbm omfnofbfz la séijmam V! czkjkbm ln la fnrlzfmz bl ak rkpk! omn ak uëau|ak bl fneakbm7 bl lsrk emzik! la mzfefofm iës czknbl bl ak rkpk K)efc. ;2 xkskzë k rzkuæs bla rmznfaam omamokbm knrlzfmzilnrl.
J K
La imnrk`l fnomzzlorm bla lijlaalolbmz x|lbl xzmum) okz s| smar|zk omn la uldéo|) am ln imufiflnrm. ) Fnrzmb|pok ams mrzms rzls rmznfaams. ) Kxzflrl ams rmznfaams! |rfafpknbm ak aakul lsxlofka L)efc. ;<. ) Cfzl ak iknf`k bla ozf{|l xkzk jk`kz la uldéo|am v zlrfzl la ozf{|l. Rlnck o|fbkbm ka cfzkz ak iknf`k bla ozf{|l! m ak aakul bl z|lbk! xkzk nm dlzfzsl aks iknms. Lufrl omnrkorm omn aks xkzrls ln imufiflnrm bla ozf{|l! x|ls x|lbln ok|skz alsfmnls.
K
efc. ;: Z J 3 3 : 8 N L 2
Z J < < ; 8 N L 2
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Z J ; ? ? 8 D
J K
efc. ;?
efc. ;2
efc. ;<
2. c\KZBL AK_ DLZZKIFLNRK_! LA OZF[\L V AK Z\LBK BL ZLX\L_RM
Xkzk kac|nks ulzsfmnls ak aakul bl z|lbk bljl slz |rfafpkbk xkzk koofmnk) iflnrm bla ozf{|l. ) Kxzflrl k emnbm ams rmznfaams! xkskn) bm bl |n rmznfaam ka mrzm bfkilrzkailnrl mx|lsrm sfc|flnbm la mzbln fa|srzkbm ln ak efc. ;5. Nm lnczksl ams zmsokbms bl ams rmznf) aams knrls bl imnrkzams0 xmbzékn keam`kz) sl lsxmnrënlkilnrl. Xkzk z|lbk bl kalkofÿn! zlomam{|l la lijlaalolbmz bl xzmrloofÿn bl ams rmznfaams! mjslzuknbm ak xmsfofÿn om) zzlork.
) Omam{|l la smxmzrl bl dlzzkiflnrks ln la sfrfm kxzmxfkbm. ) Omam{|l ak z|lbk xfnodkbk ln la kam`kiflnrm bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm efc. ;4! ef`ënbmak omn la slc|zm K.
FBLK DAt ) Xmnck la ozf{|l ln la xmzrkdlzzk) iflnrks efc. ;3! lnok`ënbmam bl imbm k lufrkz ufjzkofmnls m {|l sl s|larl b|) zknrl ak ikzodk. ) C|kzbl aks dlzzkiflnrks |rfafpkbks ln ams kam`kiflnrms lsxloéefoms ln ams smxmzrls.
O
Z J 8 ? ; 8 D
Z J ? ? ; 8 D
Z J < 6 : ; N L 2
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efc. ;5
efc. ;3
efc. ;4
FBLK KBULNR\ZL
Xkzk olzzkz la smxmzrl! rfzl bl ak rzkjk K)efc. :: dkofk kzzfjk xkzk xlzifrfz la oflzzl. Rzks dkjlz olzzkbm la smxmzrl bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm! olzofÿzlsl bl {|l la ifsim lsræ jfln jam{|lkbm.
) Omam{|l ak xzmrloofÿn xaësrfok J) efc. 4 ln ak z|lbk s|srfr|fbk. ) Omam{|l ak z|lbk s|srfr|fbk ln la smxmzrl xkzk z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm. ) Omam{|l ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm! lnok`knbm la xlznm K)efc. ;6 omn la zlsxlorfum kc|`lzm v eé`lak omn ams rzls rmznfaams K)efc. :8. ) C|kzbl aks dlzzkiflnrks! lnok`ën) bmaks ln ams kam`kiflnrms lsxloéefoms efc. :;. Xkzk olzzkz ak rkxk bla omixkzrfifln) rm bl l{|fxk`ls! olzofÿzlsl bl {|l la smxmzrl bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm lsræ kjflzrm v jam{|lkbm ln efnka bla zlom) zzfbm bl kxlzr|zk.
KBULZRLNOFK0 la nl|iërfom bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm bljl slz omam) okbm omn s| uëau|ak ufsfjal v x|lsrk bl iknlzk {|l xzmxmzofmnl la omn) rzma bl xzlsfÿn. KBULZRLNOFK0 aalul k zlxkzkz ak z|lbk xfnodkbk am knrls xmsfjal v u|lauk k omamokzak ln la uldéo|am lufrknbm! bl lsrk iknlzk! ufk`kz omn ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm. J Z J < 3 ; 8 D
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efc. :8 J Z J 2 5 ; 8 D
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efc. ;6
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KBULZRLNOFK0 omnrzmal xlzfÿbf) okilnrl ak xzlsfÿn bl ams nl|iërf) oms v bl ak z|lbk bl zlx|lsrm.
J ) Aëixkzks k jkvmnlrks Xkzk skokzaks blsbl la xmzrkaëixkzks! lix|`l! cfzl! ltrzëfckaks.
O ) Aëixkzks ofaénbzfoks Xkzk ltrzklzaks! slxkzl la omnrkorm {|l aks s|srlnrkn.
B ) L ) Aëixkzks dkaÿlnks Xkzk zlimulz aks aëixkzks! sk{|l knrls la slc|zm bl ef`kofÿn bl s| kam) `kiflnrm.
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Z J 5 < ; 8 N L 2
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Zlelzlnofk ) ef. :?
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Fnbfokbmzls bl bfzloofÿn blaknrlzms
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XV:;S
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Fnbfokbmzls bl bfzloofÿn rzkslzms
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A|ols bl xmsfofÿn $a|ols bl o|kzrms& rzkslzks
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A|p bl ezlnm
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A|p bl ikzodk krzës $a|p bl zlulzsk&
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:;S
A|p bl ak xkrlnrl
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O
A|p fnrlznk blaknrlzk
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O;8S
;8S
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A|ols karks $a|ols bl okzzlrlzk&
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A\OL_ JK@K_ $A\OL_ BL OZ\OL&
?& {|frkz la xmzrkaëixkzks xzlsfm) nknbm aks xzlsfaaks K)efc. :5 kjzfænbm) aks akrlzkailnrl7 2& {|frkz ak aëixkzk7
Xkzk s|jsrfr|fz aks aëixkzks dkaÿclnks ls nlolskzfm0 ;& zlrfzkz ak rkxk xaësrfok K)efc. :2 xkzk rlnlz koolsm k aks aëixkzks bls) rzkjknbm ak rzkjk J)efc. :27 :& smarkz la omnlormz K)efc. :< bl kafilnrkofÿn bl ak aëixkzk7
<& omamokz ak n|luk aëixkzk7 5& zllncknodkz ak xzlsfaak bl ef`k) ofÿn K)efc. :5 v zlomnlorkz ak aëixkzks! omamoknbm xmz ðarfim ak rkxk xaësrfok K)efc. :2.
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Z J 3 2 8 8 D
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efc. :<
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A\OL_ KARK_ $A\OL_ BL OKZZLRLZK&
A\P BL cFZM $A\OL_ BL BFZLOOFMN&
:& smarkz la omnlormz J)efc. :4 bl kafilnrkofÿn bl aks aëixkzks7 ?& zlrfzkz la xmzrkaëixkzks xzlsfm) nknbm ak xzlsfaak O)efc. :4 akrlzkailn) rl7 2& zlrfzkz ak aëixkzk! s|srfr|fzak! zl) imnrkz la xmzrkaëixkzk v omnlorkz ak efodk bl omnltfÿn B)efc. :6! omamoknbm xmz ðarfim ak rkxk xaësrfok.
Xkzk s|jsrfr|fz aks aëixkzks ls nlol) skzfm0 ;& zlrfzkz ak rkxk xaësrfok K)efc. :3! cfzënbmak ln la slnrfbm bl ak ealodk xkzk rlnlz koolsm k aks aëixkzks blsrzkjknbm ak rzkjk7
Xkzk s|srfr|fz ak aëixkzk bl ak a|p bl cfzm ls nlolskzfm0 ;& zlrfzkz ak rkxk xaësrfok blsxakpkn) bm ak rzkjk K)efc. :27 :& zlrfzkz la xmzrkaëixkzks J)efc. ?8 cfzknbm ln slnrfbm knrfdmzkzfm7 ?& zlrfzkz ak aëixkzk! lix|`ënbmak alulilnrl v cfzënbmak dkofk ak fp{|flz) bk7 2& a|lcm bl okijfkz ak aëixkzk! zlkzil n|lukilnrl ln mzbln fnulzsm ka knrlzfmz.
2& a|lcm bl okijfkz ak aëixkzk! zlkzil n|lukilnrl la xmzrkaëixkzk J)efc. ?? v zlomam{|l ak rkxk! jam{|lën) bmak omn la zlsmzrl.
Ln oksm bl {|lik bl ams albs bla zl) xlrfbmz akrlzka bl aks a|ols bl bfzloofÿn efc. ?;! bfzé`ksl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr.
Xkzk s|srfr|fz ak aëixkzk dkaÿclnk! bfzé`ksl k ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr.
A\OL_ BL XM_FOFMN BLAKNRLZK_ Xkzk s|srfr|fz ak aëixkzk! sl bljl0 ;& zlrfzkz ak rkxk xaësrfok blsxakpkn) bm ak rzkjk K)efc. :27 :& zlrfzkz la xmzrkaëixkzks K)efc. ?: cfzknbm ln slnrfbm knrfdmzkzfm7 ?& zlrfzkz ak aëixkzk! lix|`ënbmak alulilnrl v cfzënbmak dkofk ak fp{|flz) bk7
Z J 5 < 8 8 D
J
efc. ?? Z J 3 < ; 8 D
efc. ?;
Z J 3 < 8 8 D
efc. ?:
Z J 3 5 ; 8 D
efc. ?2
O
A\OL_ RZK_LZK_
Aks aëixkzks smn bl rfxm
?& sk{|l la omn`|nrm xmzrkaëixkzks! kor|knbm ln aks rzkjks J)efc. ?57 2& {|frl aks aëixkzks lix|`ënbmaks alulilnrl v cfzënbmaks dkofk ak fp{|flz) bk efc. ?3.
Xkzk s|srfr|fz |nk aëixkzk ;& xmz la fnrlzfmz bla omixkzrfiflnrm bl l{|fxk`ls! rfzl bl ak kxlzr|zk ln la rkxfpkbm v s|larl aks r|lzoks K)efc. ?<7 :& zlrfzl la omnlormz7
Xkzk s|srfr|fz ak aëixkzk! dkv {|l0 ;& zlrfzkz ams xmzrkaëixkzks K)efc. ?4 emzpknbm alulilnrl omn blsrmznfaakbmz ln ams x|nrms fnbfokbms xmz aks ealodks efc. ?47 :& zlrfzkz ak aëixkzk J)efc. ?4 v s|s) rfr|fzak.
Xkzk s|jsrfr|fz la omn`|nrm bl aëixk) zks! ls nlolskzfm0 ;& omn ak rkxk bl jkða kjflzrk! zlrfzkz ams rmznfaams K efc. ?6 v blsimnrkz la omn`|nrm bl ak ?zk a|p bl ezlnm7 :& skokz la omnlormz laæorzfom7 ?& s|srfr|fz la omn`|nrm bl aëixkzks v zlrfzkz m smakilnrl ak aëixkzk blelo) r|msk.
_F _L KXKCK \nK A\P FnRLZnK OMN_MAK BL RLODM Xkzk s|srfr|fz ak aëixkzk ofaénbzfok bl0 ;& |rfafpknbm |n blsrmznfaakbmz ln la x|nrms efc. 28 zlrfzl ak omnsmak bl rlodm omixalrk {|l lsrë ef`kbk k xzlsfÿn7 :& sk{|l la omnlormz laæorzfom7 O
Z J 3 ? 8 8 D
i : 6 ; 8 D 8 E
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efc. ?4
efc. ?6
i ? 6 ; 8 D 8 E
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efc. 28
XAKEMN RZK_LZM
?& rfzl bl ak rkxk K)efc. 2; fnrlznk! xkzk rlnlz koolsm k aks aëixkzks7 2& sk{|l ak aëixkzk J)efc. 2: v s|s) rfrðvkak7 <& zlomam{|l la omnlormz laæorzfom7 5& zlomam{|l la omn`|nrm bl ak a|p fnrlznk ln s| kam`kiflnrm! dkoflnbm |nk afclzk xzlsfÿn.
:& kjzk ak rkxk K)efc. 22 ln la slnrf) bm fnbfokbm xlak ealodk7 ?& sk{|l ak aëixkzk J)efc. 22 v s|s) rfrðvkak7 2& zlomam{|l la omn`|nrm bl ak a|p fnrlznk ln s| kam`kiflnrm! dkoflnbm |nk afclzk xzlsfÿn.
Xkzk okijfkz ak aëixkzk0 ;& omn |n blsrmznfaakbmz ln la x|nrm fnbfokbm xmz ak ealodk efc. 2?! xzlsfm) nknbm afclzkilnrl! sk{|l la omn`|nrm bl a|p fnrlznk imnrkbm k xzlsfÿn7
K
Z J 6 3 8 8 D
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efc. 2: Z J 8 4 8 8 D
Z J < 5 8 8 D
Z J 8 : 8 8 D
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A\P BLA OMIXKZRFIFLNRM BL L[\FXK@L_
OK@K BL E\_FJAL_ ) ef. 24
_F _L E\nBL \n E\_FJAL
Xkzk okijfkz ak aëixkzk0 ;& sk{|l la rzknsxkzlnrl K)efc. 2
E?2 ) :8 K ) Aluknrkufbzfm laæorzfom rzkslzm blzlodm. E24 ) :8 K ) Aluknrkufbzfm laæorzfom rzkslzm fp{|flzbm. E26 ) 3!< K ) _lzufofm ';
XM_FOFMN BL AM_ E\_FJAL_
Z J ? 3 8 8 D
Ak ok`k bl ams e|sfjals sl lno|lnrzk bljk`m bla rkjalzm bl fnsrz|ilnrms k ak fp{|flzbk bla umaknrl. Xkzk koolblz k ams e|sfjals! keam`l ams rmznfaams bl ef`kofÿn K)efc. 23 v zlrfzl ak xzmrloofÿn J. Ams séijmams czëefoms {|l fblnrfefokn la omixmnlnrl laæorzfom xzfnofxka bl okbk e|sfjal lsrën zlxzlslnrkbms ln ak xkzrl fnrlzfmz bl ak rkxk bl xzmrloofÿn.
Z J 2 3 8 8 D
K
efc. 2< Z J : 3 8 8 D
Z J 2 5 8 8 D
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efc. 25
efc. 23
efc. 24
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E?< ) ;8 K ) Kafilnrkofÿn fnrlznk. E;? ) ;8 K ) Ekzm jk`m fp{|flzbm. E25 ) ;
E<: ) ;< K ) Afixfka|nlrk $afixfkbmz bl ulnrknk rzkslzk&. E2; ) Bfsxmnfjal E2? ) ?8 K ) Afixfkxkzkjzfsks v jmi) jk bl bms bfzloofmnls. E28 ) ?8 K ) Ulnrknk rzkslzk $A|nlrk& ræzifok. E22 ) :8 K ) Rmik bl omzzflnrl. E?5 ) ;
E\_FJAL_ LN LA OMEZL BLA IMRMZ ) ef. 26 E8? ) :8 K ) omni|rkbmz bl kzzkn) {|l. E8; ) 38 K ) Olnrzka bla rkjalzm. E8: ) 28 K ) Olnrzka bl rkjalzm. E85 ) ?8 K ) Xzfilzk ulamofbkb bla lalorzmulnrfakbmz bla zkbfkbmz.
Z J 6 5 8 8 D
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E8?
K 8 3
K 8 2
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E83 ) 28 K ) _lc|nbk ulamofbkb bla lalorzmulnrfakbmz bla zkbfkbmz. E82 ) <8 K ) Knrfsgfb. E8< ) Bfsxmnfjal E84 ) 28 K ) Lalorzmulnrfakbmz bla kfzl komnbfofmnkbm. E;4 ) 3!< K ) Olnrzka bl omnrzma bla imrmz. E:? ) Bfsxmnfjal E:; ) ;< K ) Jmijk bl omij|srf) jal. E;3 ) ;8 K ) Olnrzka bl omnrzma bla imrmz. E:: ) :8 K ) Fnvlormzls! jmjfnk bl lnolnbfbm! jmijk bl omij|srfjal. E;; ) ;< K ) Ulamoéilrzm! smnbk akijbk! lalorzmulnrfakbmz oknfsrlz! omn) rzma bla imrmz! okzck slo|nbkzfk.
E:8 ) Bfsxmnfjal E;2 ) ;8 K ) Ekzm karm $a|p bl okzzl) rlzk& blzlodm. E;6 ) 3!< K ) Omixzlsmz bla kfzl komnbfofmnkbm. E;< ) ;8 K ) Ekzm karm $a|p bl okzzl) rlzk& fp{|flzbm. E;8 ) ;< K ) Jmofnk $oaktmn&. E:2 ) ;8 K ) ';<-<2 Omnrzma bl ams ekzms knrfnfljak - Kbulnr|zl Amoglz. E?8 ) ;< K ) Ekzms knrfnfljak. E;5 ) 3!< K ) Olnrzka bl omnrzma bla imrmz! zlakv bl omnrzma bla sfsrlik bl zlezfclzkofÿn bla imrmz. E86 ) :8 K ) Ekzms bl xzme|nbfbkb Ln kac|nks ulzsfmnls! ls xmsfjal ln) omnrzkz e|sfjals m zlakvs omim xzlbfs) xmsfofÿn xkzk e|nofmnls nm bfsxmnfjals ln la uldéo|am.
OKIJFKZ AM_ E\_FJAL_ O|knbm |n bfsxmsfrfum laæorzfom bl`l bl e|nofmnkz! omnrzmal la lsrkbm bla e|) sfjal omzzlsxmnbflnrl efc. <8. K ) E|sfjal ln j|ln lsrkbm. J ) E|sfjal omn la efakilnrm omzrkbm. Okijfl la e|sfjal {|likbm xmz mrzm fc|ka $bla ifsim omamz&. _f ak kulzék sl zlxfrl! bfzé`ksl k |n rk) aalz bl ak Zlb bl Ksfsrlnofk Efkr. Nm okijfl n|nok |n e|sf) jal e|nbfbm omn mrzm ikrl) zfka {|l nm slk |n e|sfjal n|lum.
Z J 4 < ; 8 N L 2
K
efc. <8
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_F _L BL_OKZCK AK JKRLZFK Ln xzfilz a|ckz! al komnsl`kims {|l omns|arl ln la okxér|am ‑IknrlnfIflnrm bla uldéo|am’ aks xzlok|ofmnls {|l bl) jl rmikz xkzk lufrkz {|l sl blsokzc|l ak jkrlzék v xkzk ckzknrfpkz |nk akzck b|zkofÿn.
X\L_RK LN IKZODK OMN JKRLZFK K\tFAFKZ Omns|arl ‑X|lsrk ln Ikzodk bla Imrmz omn jkrlzék k|tfafkz ’ ln lsrl okxér|am. Nm |sl n|nok |n okzck) bmz bl jkrlzék xkzk ak x|ls) rk ln ikzodk bla imrmz0 xmbzék bkûkz ams sfsrliks lalorzÿ) nfoms v lsxlofkailnrl aks olnrzkals {|l bfzfcln aks e|nofmnls bl lnoln) bfbm v kafilnrkofÿn.
ZLOKZcK BL AK JKRLZFK
_F DKV [\L Ls xzlelzfjal okzckzak alnrkilnrl omn ALUKnRKZ LA |n kixlzk`l jk`m v omn |nk b|zkofÿn ULDFO\AM kxzmtfikbk bl :2 dmzks. Xkzk laam0 ;& Blsomnlorl ams jmznls bl ak jk) rlzék. :& Omnlorl ams okjals bla kxkzkrm bl zlokzck k ams jmznls bl ak jkrlzék. ?& Lnoflnbk la kxkzkrm bl zlokzck. 2& O|knbm efnkafol ak zlokzck! kxk) c|l la kxkzkrm knrls bl blsomnlorkzam bl ak jkrlzék. <& U|lauk k omnlorkz ams jmznls bl ak jkrlzék zlsxlrknbm aks xmakzfbkbls. La aé{|fbm omnrlnfbm ln ak jkrlzék ls ulnlnmsm v omzzmsfum. Lufrl la omnrkorm omn ak xfla v ams m`ms. Ak mxlzkofÿn bl zlokzck bl ak jkrlzék bljl slz lelor|kbk ln kijflnrl ulnrfakbm v al`ms bla e|lcm.
OMN LA OZF[\L Omns|arl la kxkzrkbm ‑sf sl xfnodk |n nl|iërfom’! ln lsrl okxér|am. La ozf{|l sfzul ðnfokiln) rl xkzk okijfkz aks z|lbks bla uldéo|am ka {|l xlz) rlnlol m bl mrzms k|rmiÿufals bla ifsim imblam. La ozf{|l nm bljl! bl nfn) cðn imbm! slz |rfafpkbm ln oksm bl zlxkzms xmz bljk`m bla uldéo|am.
Akrlzkailnrl
OMN X\LNRL LALUKBMZ $OMN JZKPM_&
_F DKV [\L ZLIMAOKZ LA La uldéo|am sl aluknrk omamoknbm aks ltrzlifbkbls bl ams jzkpms ln aks pmnks ULDFO\AM
La uldéo|am sl x|lbl aluknrkz omam) oknbm la jzkpm bla ozf{|l dfbzë|afom ln la akzc|lzm bla pÿokam! ln omzzls) xmnblnofk omn la séijmam M omim sl fnbfok ln ak efc. <;.
{|l sl fnbfokn ln ak efc. <:. Rlnck o|fbkbm ln {|l ams jzkpms bla ozf{|l nm e|lz) oln ak okzzmolzék! la zluls) rfiflnrm akrlzka v ams lsrzfjms akrl) zkals efc.
La uldéo|am nm sl bljl aluknrkz xmz ak xkzrl rzkslzk $xkzrl fnelzfmz bl ak okzzm) olzék m xkzrls bl ak s|sxlnsfÿn&.
Z J 5 3 8 8 D
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_l komnsl`k! sflixzl! |rfafpkz okifÿn czðk xkzk zlimaokz la uldéo|am. Ksé! la uldéo|am xmbzë slz slc|zkilnrl s|srln) rkbm xmz aks z|lbks blaknrlzks m rzksl) zks! m kðn kxmvkbm ln amoka lsxloéefom smjzl la ifsim okifÿn czðk. Zlsxlrl aks nmziks bl rzënsfrm smjzl xzmolbfiflnrm bl zlima{|l. O
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Ln OK_M BL KOOFBLnRL ) Ls fixmzrknrl {|l iknrlnck sfli) xzl ak okaik. ) _f nm lsrë fixafokbm bfzlorkilnrl! xkzl la uldéo|am k |nms bflp ilrzms bl bfsrknofk bla a|ckz bla koofblnrl. ) Ln k|rmxfsrk! xkzl la uldéo|am sfn mjsrz|fz la okzzfa bl lilzclnofk. ) Kxkc|l la imrmz v lnoflnbk aks a|) ols bl lilzclnofk. ) Bl nmodl! fa|ifnl omn ams xzmvlo) rmzls la a|ckz bla koofblnrl. ) _lk xz|blnrl! lufrl la zflscm bl {|l al krzmxlaaln. ) _f aks x|lzrks lsrën rzkjkbks! nm fnrlnrl skafz bla uldéo|am zmixflnbm la xkzkjzfsks vk {|l ls bl ufbzfm lsrzk) rfefokbm $rzéxalt&. Ulnrknfaaks v a|nlrk x|lbln zmixlzsl iës eëofailnrl. ) _lûkal la koofblnrl xmnflnbm la rzfënc|am k ak ufsrk v k ak bfsrknofk zl) cakilnrkzfk.
) Aakil ka slzufofm bl xzfilzms k|tf) afms fnemziknbm blrkaakbkilnrl bla ko) ofblnrl. Ln ak k|rmxfsrk |sl ams rlaæemnms {|l sl lno|lnrzkn k bfsxmsfofÿn ln ams okzzfals bl lilzclnofk. ) Ln oksm bl koofblnrls iðarfxals ln k|rmxfsrk! smjzl rmbm omn lsoksk ufsfjf) afbkb! la zflscm bl n|lums odm{|ls ls ikvmz. Kjknbmnl fnilbfkrkilnrl la uldéo|am v xzmræ`ksl blrzës bl ak jkzzlzk $c|kzb)zkfa&. ) [|frl ak aakul bl kzzkn{|l bl ams uldéo|ams fixafokbms ln la koofblnrl. ) _f kbuflzrl mamz bl omij|srfjal m bl mrzms xzmb|orms {|éifoms! nm e|il v mjafc|l k aks bliës xlzsmnks k {|l kxkc|ln ams ofckzzfaams. ) Xkzk kxkckz ams fnolnbfms! k|n{|l slkn bl xmok fixmzrknofk! |sl ikrke|l) cms! iknrks! kzlnk! rflzzk. Nm lixall n|nok kc|k.
_F DKV DLZFBM_ ) Nm kjknbmnl n|nok ka dlzfbm. Ls |nk mjafckofÿn bl rmbms xzlsrkz k|tfafm k|n{|l nm sl lsræ fixafokbm bfzlork) ilnrl ln la koofblnrl. ) Lufrl {|l aks xlzsmnks xlziknlpokn kazlblbmz bl ams dlzfbms. ) Rzkn{|fafol ka dlzfbm v kslcðzlal {|l aalckzë zëxfbkilnrl kv|bk! xlz) iknlpok k s| akbm xkzk lufrkz xmsfjals ozfsfs bl xënfom. ) Blslncknodl m omzrl ams ofnr|zmnls bl slc|zfbkb {|l zlrflnln k ams dlzf) bms. ) Nm bæ kc|k nf nfncðn mrzm aé{|fbm k ams dlzfbms. ) La dlzfbm nm bljl imulzsl n|nok! ltolxrm ln ams oksms {|l sl ilnofmnkn ln la x|nrm sfc|flnrl. ) _ÿam sf dkv xlafczm bl fnolnbfm! bl {|l la uldéo|am x|lbk oklzsl ka kc|k m k |n jkzzknom! sk{|l ka dlzfbm bla uldéo|am. Xkzk laam0 nm al rfzl bl s|s ltrzlifbkbls $jzkpms! xflznks&! nm al i|luk n|nok ak okjlpk v sf ls xmsfjal! iknrlnck la o|lzxm bla dlzfbm ln xm) sfofÿn dmzfpmnrka.
IknrlnfIflnrm bla uldéo|am la Efkr Fblk l n uldéam nlum ln rmbm! fnam ln am zfrlzfm bl iknrlnfiflnrm! {l xlbln xzllnrkz ukzfkfÿn bl klzbm mn la ilzkbm-xké. Bl rmbk emzik! zllzbl {l la uldéam nllfrk flixzl ak krlnfmnl nmzikal! mim xmz l`lixam mnrzmakz zlcakz) ilnrl la nfula bl am aé{fbm! ak xzlfÿn bl am nliërfm! lr. Ln rmbm km zllzbl {l n iknrlnfiflnrm mzzlrm l! mn rmbk lczfbkb! am il`mz xkzk {l l mnlzuln fnkarlzk) bk ln la rflixm ak xzlrkfmnl bla uldéam ak kzkrlzé) rfk bl lczfbkb! ké mim la zlxlrm xmz la ilbfm kijflnrl am jk`m mrm bl enfmnkiflnrm. Zllzbl kblië! {l ak mjlzuknfk zfczmk bl ak nmz) ik bl iknrlnfiflnrm {l l bfrfncln xmz la éijmam ∛ l nk mnbffÿn nllkzfk xkzk mnlzukz ak ckzknrék.
Krlnofÿn0 ak xzbbkb b aks xzks b iki bxb ba izkb. Ak k) ak kjak zzsxb k s| xkés! aks xëcks sc|s.
KBUlZrlnofK0 aks zuss ba Xak b Iki Xzczkikb aks xzszj a Ekjzk. _ aks zkapk x|b xzbz as bzds b ak ckzkék. La lzuffm bl Iknrlnfiflnrm Xzmczk) ikbm l lelrðk ln rmbm am rkaalzl bl ak Zb b Kssk Ek.
_ b|zk sks zus) s! kbiës b aks x) zks xzusks! e|zk skzks zks s|s|s zxkzks! æsks szë zkapkbks xzuk kxzjk ba oa. KBUlZrlnofK0 k|bk ibk) ki k | kaaz b ak Zb b Kssk Ek kxks kbuzk kac|) k kikaék! sxz k ak xztik zus.
srfrfÿn bla klfrl bl ak k`k bl kijfm-bfelzlnfka omnrzma bla zlmzzfbm bl ak xkaknk bla ezlnm bl iknm srfrfÿn bla aé{fbm bl am ezlnm $m jfln kbk :2 ill& omnrzma-afixflpk bla frlik bl ulnrfakfÿn bla ëzrlz bla imrmz $jam)j&
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$*& Ln km bl {l la uldéam l rfafl mjzl rmbm xmz kifnm xmaumzflnrm! kzlnmm m mn jkzzm! lelrðl la mnrzma bla lrkbm bl ak mzzlk kbk :8.888 gi! f elzk nllkzfm! rfrðkak.
La xzfnfxfm bl enfmnkiflnrm bl am imrmzl k mijrfÿn fnrlznk fixmnl {l nk xkzrl bla klfrl ajzfknrl l mnik bzknrl la enfmnkiflnrm bla imrmz mn la mj`lrfum bl mjrlnlz nk ÿxrfik ajzfkfÿn bl ak xkzrl ln mnrkrm. sf la nfula bla klfrl lrë lzk m bl) jk`m bl ak ikzk Ifn! kûkbk klfrl k rzkuæ bl ak jmk bl kxzmuffmnkiflnrm dkrk kaknpkz ak ikzk IKT. La nfula bla klfrl nm bljl nnk xlzkz ak ikzk IKT.
o|kb a iz së i|v ka {| a kx ba bxs0 xacz b {|ikb|zks. La nfula bla aé{fbm l mnrzmak mn la imrmz ezém nm bljl lz fnelzfmz k ak ikzk Ifn bla blxÿfrm.
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Af[\fBm BlA AKUKXKZKJZf_K_AKUKA\nlrK ) J)ec. 5
omn la uldéam mjzl n rlzzlnm xaknm la imrmz ezém! mnrzmal {l la nfula bla aé{fbm lræ lnrzl am aéifrl Ifn IKT fnbfkbm ln la rkxÿn bla blxÿfrm. omn la klfrl kaflnrl la nfula xl) bl aalckz k xlzkz la aéifrl IKT. sf dkl ekark! kûkbk klfrl! klczënbml bl {l rlnck ak ifik kzkrlzérfk bla {l rmbkuék {lbk ln la frlik.
la s|i b aé{|b s i|v jk`7 s bsx|æs b s| zxskb e|zk skz zczkza |) uki ka kj b x ix! bzé`ks k | kaaz b ak Zb b Kssk Ek xkzk {| za a ssik v uze{| s dkv xæz) bbks.
Af[\fBm XKZK AK BfZloofmn dfBZK\AfoK ) o)ec. 3 Xkzk rlnlz klm ka blxÿfrm zlrfzkz ak rkxk! mim fnbfkbm ln ak o)ec. 3.
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efc. 5
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omnrzmal la nfula bla klfrl mn la imrmz enfmnknbm ln zkalnré. Ulzfef{l xlzfÿbfkilnrl la lrkbm la rlnkbm bl ak mzzlk bl iknbm bl ak jmijk bl ak bfzlfÿn dfbzëafk. Nm iknrlnck la umaknrl mixalrkilnrl cf) zkbm dkrk la efnka bl zlmzzfbm! lrm xzmumk n fnðrfa kilnrm bl ak xzlfÿn bla frlik.
lu {| a aé{|b xkzk ak bz dbzë|ak s xck k aks xkzs kas ba iz0 s eak) ik eëai. Af[\fBm Bl EZlnm_ ) B)ec. 4
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omnrzmal xlzfÿbfkilnrl la enfmnk) iflnrm bla lûkakbmz aifnmm frkbm ln la rkjalzm bl fnrzilnrm0 xzlfm) nknbm mjzl ak rkxk bla blxÿfrm $mn ak aakul bl kzzkn{l ln xmffÿn IKZ&0 bljl lnlnblzl la lûkakbmz aifnmm t. sf rflnl {l kûkbfz aé{fbm! rfafl ÿam am aé{fbm akfefkbm BMR2. La nfula bla aé{fbm ln la blxÿfrm nm bljl xlzkz la aéifrl IKT.
la aé{|b b ezs s kaki zzsu! u {| s xck k ak x|zk b ak kzzzék. _ s aackzk k s|bz! aku kc|k aks xkzs kekbks.
EfarZm knrfXmaln v okZJmn korfum Ln kacnk ulzfmnl la frlik bl ulnrfakfÿn m bl kfzl kmnbffmnkbm xlbln xmll n efarzm lxléefm bl) rfnkbm k lafifnkz am mamzl zlarknrl bla xmaum la imdm! kblië bl kj) mzulz ak xkzréak bl xmaln {l nmz) ikailnrl lnrzkzékn mn la ea`m bl kfzl malrkbm ltrlznkilnrl. okm la efarzm lræ fm! xlbl mzzfz nk lulnrka bfifnfÿn bl ak lefflnfk bla frlik bl ulnrfakfÿn m bl kfzl kmnbffmnkbm! zkpÿn xmz ak ka l kmnl`k fnxl) fÿn xlzfÿbfk lulnrka rfrfÿn. sf rfafpk la uldéam ln pmnk xma) umzflnrk! bl czkn mnrkifnkfÿn m afrmzkal! al kmnl`kim {l kijfl ië k ilnbm la lalilnrm efarzknrl. Ln xkzrfakz! l bljl rfrfzam knbm l nmrl nk bfifnfÿn bla ea`m bl kfzl ln la dkjfrëam. Kmnl`kim {l rknrm la rzkjk`m bl fnxlfÿn mim la bl rfrfÿn bl am lalilnrm efarzknrl lk zlkafpkbm ln ak Zb Ksska Ek.
JkrlZfk
Aks jkzéks s|skks i|v xaczsks xkzk a ib kij. Xkzk s|s|z ak jkzék a ks) `kis {| s bz`k k | kaaz b ak Zb b Kssk Ek! {| së {|xkbs ui xkzk aikzaks scð aks ziks acsak) uks v zsxkb ak k|zkapk.
Ak jkrlzék bla Efkr Fblk l bla rfxm mn ‑Iknrlnfiflnrm zlbfbm’! l blfz! ln mnbffmnl nmzikal nm l nllkzfm kczlckzal kck blrfakbk. Xkzk kzckz ak jkrlzék! mnarl la k) xéram ‑Ln LiLzcLnofk ‥’.
la aé{|b {| ak jkzék s us v zzsu. lu a k ak xa as `s. n s kz{| k ak jkzék aakiks ajzs xs) jas e|s b dsxks0 xacz b txas v b b.
la ik` zz b as kszs aæzs v azs x|b bkûkz czkui k s| udé|a. omn_l@m_ \rfAl_ XKZK K\IlnrKZ AK B\ZKofmn Bl AK JKrlZfK
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oknbm lrkfmnl! klcðzll bl {l ak xlzrk! la kxÿ la xmzrÿn bla jkða xmrlzfmz! lræn jfln lzzkbm. Ak a) l bl ak mnmak bl rldm bljln lrkz kxkckbk. omn la imrmz kxkckbm! nm bl`l bf) xmfrfum lnlnbfbm bzknrl idm rflixm $xmz l`. zkbfm! al bl lilz) clnfk! lr.&.
KBUlZrlnofK0 s s ik ak jkzék xz | xzéb akzc skb b kzck ezz ka <8, s bkûk xz s|aekk! v x|b zkz be|ak) bs a kzzk{|. sf nm uk k rfafpkz la uldéam bzkn) rl nk rlixmzkbk! mnarl ‑ fnkorfufbkb bLa uLdéo|am b|zknrL i|odm rfLixm’ ln la kxéram ‑|sm omzzLorm bLa uLdéo|am ’. sf blxæ bl mixzkz la uldéam bllk imnrkz kacðn klmzfm $kakzik lalrzÿnfk! lr.& bfzé`kl k n rkaalz bl ak Zb b Kssk Ek {l xmbzë clzfzal am bfxmfrfum ië kblk) bm mjzl rmbm al kmnl`kzë mjzl ak nllfbkb bl rfafpkz nk jkrlzék bl ikmz kxkfbkb.
Am nliërfm l bljln rfrfz knbm la lxlmz bl ak jknbk bl zm) bk`l lk fnelzfmz k ;!5 ii. Ln ka{flz km! krænckl k ak nmzikrfuk ufclnrl ln la xké xmz la {l fzak.
r|Jms bl CmIk $d|al& Xmz am {l zlxlrk k am rjm ealtf) jal bl cmik $dal& bla frlik bl ezl) nm! lzumbfzlfÿn bl kafilnrkfÿn! fck zfczmkilnrl la Xakn bl Iknrlnf) iflnrm Xzmczkikbm. La mpmnm! ak kark rlixlzkrzk ak ekark bl aé{fbm ln la frlik dkl {l am rjm l lnbzlp) kn kczflrln! kknbm xmfjal xæz) bfbk bla aé{fbm. Xmz rmbm laam dk {l mnrzmakzam mn idk krlnfÿn.
afIXfkXkZkJZfsks v afIXfkbmZ bl ulnrknk rZkslZk $afIXfka|nlrk& l_omJfAAK_ Afixfl xlzfÿbfkilnrl ak zk{lrk bl cmik mn xzmbrm kblkbm. srfrk ak lmjfaak f ak cmik lrë blemzikbk m blckrkbk. Bl rmbm imbm! al kmnl`kim {l ak kijfl kxzmtfikbkilnrl nk ulp ka kûm.
Uk`kz aks sjaaks ba aixkxkzkjzsks bscks) kbks s | czku zsc! vk {| zb| ak usjabkb ks b ikaks bs kiseæzks. Nm dkck enfmnkz la afixfkxkzkjzf) k mn la ufbzfm lm. Kfÿnlam ÿam mjzl la ufbzfm im`kbm fn flbkbl! rkal mim0 kzfaak! kzlnk! lr.! lufrknbm bl lrk emzik! {l l bkûl rknrm ak zk) {lrk bl cmik mim la ufbzfm.
:& Blrmznfaal ak lmjfaak rfrð) kak J)ec. ;<. La jzkpm bla afixfkanlrk o)ec. ;< bla Fblk Kbulnrzl nm xlzifrl la ‑jam) {lm‑ mn ak lmjfaak kal`kbk bla uf) bzfm.
_|s|ÿ b aks sjaaks ba ai) xkxkzkjzsks ) ec. ;2 ;& Aluknrl la jzkpm K bla afixfkxk) zkjzfk mam{l ak lmjfaak bl ik) nlzk {l emzil n ëncam bl 68¸ mn la ifim jzkpm. :& Lix`l ak lmjfaak dkfk kjk`m marënbmak bla jzkpm K. ?& Imnrl ak lmjfaak nluk! fnrzm) bflnbm ak alncñlrk ln la kam`kiflnrm bla jzkpm. omixzljl {l dkk {lbk) bm ef`kbk.
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_|s|ÿ b ak sjaak ba aixk) a|k ) ec. ;< ;& Aluknrl ak rkxk bl xzmrlfÿn K) ec. ;<.
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sf la aé{fbm nm kal! ln xzfilz ackz! mixzljl {l dkk aé{fbm ln ak ) jlrk0 mnarl ‑uLzfefokofÿn bL nfuLaLs ’ ln lrl kxéram. Ulzfef{l am mzfeffm bl kafbk K) ec. ;5 xmz xmfjal mjrzfmnl. |l kck blrfakbk xkzk mixalrkz la nfula lufrkz kiakfÿn bl kzzm. Am dmzzm bla akukanlrk xlbln lz mzflnrkbm! k`rknbm ak bfzlfÿn bl am xaulzfpkbmzl. Cfzl la fafnbzm bl am xaulzfpkbm) zl mn n blrmznfaakbmz fnrzmbfbm ln la kam`kiflnrm ec. ;3 bl iknlzk {l kxnrln dkfk la xnrm ië karm kaknpkbm xmz la imufiflnrm bl ak l) mjfaak. B
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kfZl komnbfofmnkbm Ikn|ka Ak rfafpkfÿn mnrknrl bla kfzl kmnbffmnkbm xlbl mkfmnkz! bl) xæ bl n rflixm! ak emzikfÿn bl ika mamz bljfbm k ak kiakfÿn bl xmaum dilbkb ln la frlik bl kfzl kmn) bffmnkbm! ekfafrknbm ak xzmafelzkfÿn bl imdm jkrlzfk. Xkzk bfifnfz la xzmjalik bla ika mamz! l zlmiflnbk! liknkailnrl! kxkckz la kfzl kmnbffmnkbm lnln) blz la kalekrmz! bzknrl < k ;8 ifn) rm! mim iëtfim! knrl bl lrkfmnkz la uldéam! xkzk {l l lafifnl ak d) ilbkb bla frlik. La efarzm knrfxmaln bla frlik bljl lz rfrfbm ië k ilnbm f rfafpk mnrknrlilnrl la uldéam ln pmnk xmaumzflnrk m f l {lbk lrkfmnkbm jk`m ëzjmal.
Ln fnuflznm! bljl xmnlz ln enfmnk) iflnrm ak fnrkakfÿn bl kfzl kmnbffm) nkbm xmz am ilnm nk ulp ka il b) zknrl ;8 ifnrm kxzmtfikbkilnrl. Knrl bl {l aalcl la ulzknm! kbk k n rkaalz bl ak Zb b Kssk Ek xkzk {l mixzljln la jln enfm) nkiflnrm bl ak fnrkakfÿn.
Aks zlxkzkofmnls m imbfefokofmnls ln la sfsrlik bl kafilnrkofÿn zlkafpkbks fnomzzlorkilnrl m sfn rlnlz ln o|lnrk aks okzkorlzésrfoks ræonfoks! x|lbln ok|skz knmikaéks ln la e|nofmnkiflnrm omn zflscm bl fnolnbfm.
Rlzolzk a|p bl ezlnm...................O);3 Rlsrfcms v slûkafpkofmnls ........... K)54 Rfxm v nðilzm bla odksfs ............ L); Rfxm v nðilzm bla imrmz............. L);
