Project Feasibility Report Project Name: Name: Steam Power Plant Plant Project Number: Number: 11234 Prepared by by : FAHEEM ABBAS(09-ECT-13) ABBAS(09-ECT-13) & UMAR FAROOQ(09-ECT-19 FAROOQ(09-ECT-19))
Criteria of the report:
Introduction Briefings Area allocated & infrastructure Threats Cost and investment Human Resource Conclusions
Date:10-05-1012 Date:10-05-1012
Power plant architectural view (industrial Project)
Introduction Electric power generation with steam at the individual household level is making a comeback. At the commercial power plant level, it never left. Even nuclear power plants run on steam. What is new is the fairly recent phenomenon of household-size steam power units for standby power generation. Unfortunately, most people today have no idea how a steam engine works or the things you have to keep in mind when setting up a home steam power system. The easiest way to deal with a technology unfamiliar to you is to introduce one concept at a time. Let’s introduce the basic concept or outline and then go back and flesh out the details. A home steam system consists of a boiler with a furnace to turn water to steam, a steam engine to convert the steam energy to rotary motion to drive a generator, and a system to re-circulate the water once the steam has turned back into water. During the re-circulation of the water utilizing the exhaust steam heat (providing hot water and/or heating the home itself) increases the efficiency of the system. The design of a home steam system is dictated by the circumstances of the home where it will be installed and the fuel available .
Briefings: Construction of steam power plant that will generate 17MW .purpose behind to maintain the electric supply in the absence of main supply in order to get rid of industrial losses & production .That will not only run only in the absence of main supply but also will be sinked with wapda in such a way that maximum utilization through the planned power plant can be obtained. This will reduce the pay cost of electricity bells and will increase the annual production as well.
Totally based on cyclic process .The only plant that repeats generation through using waste material as here the case of suction of expelled gases into the boiler Necessary automation will be clearly defined to reduce the error to make the project feasible in market.
Land & infrastructure
Room for machinery Considering lots of aspect into account ,a need of land for building up project is the initial stage .when has to construct a power plant ,there is requirement of minimum 30 to 40 canals of land for electricity generation main plant machinery
including turbine ,condensers ,generators.
Plant distribution part
Basically plant is distributed into two parts ,water development and steam g eneration and distribution part .In above shown diagram view of a land needed to build both parts.
Central control room In addition to these central control room has to built for operating purposes and there will be requirement of 5 canals for central rooms including engineering station & operating station as well. In turn necessarily operators will be required who will be continuously monitoring the plant parameters and process variables.
No issue of cost for land required for central control room and other purposes because organization has taken personal honour ship.
Water development & storage cottage should be there because water is essential source in power generation and it is used for cooling purposes so a vital need of land for water site so 10 canals
land for this purpose will take the part. Extra land for pipeline setup as power plant will be built outside of main production plant so pipeline from production plant where gases are sucked to the boilers and inturn till the power plant at the start of turbine. Area require for grid station will be wide enough to cover whole installation and transmission insulations including arresters & towers.
Threats High oil prices, growing concerns over energy security, and the threat of climate change have all stimulated investment in the development of alternatives to conventional oil.
Lack of water resources is the basic problem everywhere The amount of water usage is often of great concern for electricity generating systems as populations increase and droughts become a concern. Thermoelectric power generation accounts for only
3.3 percent of net freshwater consumption with over 80 percent going to irrigation. Likely future trends in Water consumption are covered here.
WATER USAGE gal/MW-h Power source
Low case
Medium/Average case
Nuclear power
400 (once-through cooling)
Coal
300
480
100 (once-through
180 (with cooling
cycle)
towers)
Natural gas
Hydroelectricit
720 (cooling towers)
1,430
y
Solar thermal
Geothermal
400 to 720 (pond cooling)
High case
1,060
1,800
4,000
The environmental impact The environmental impact of electricity generation is significant because modern society uses large amounts of electrical power. This power is normally generated at power plants that convert some other kind of energy into electrical power . Each system has advantages and disadvantages, but many of them pose environmental concerns
Fuel consumption Now a days the oil prices are growing up and up day by day. Its challenging situation in power generation market to stay with less fuel consumption but we have to deal with it .
Scalability and Timing Construction of equipment and manufacturing processes for its production, o utput grows in a stepwise function only as new capacity comes online, which in turn is reliant on timely procurement of the input energy and other required input materials. This difference between “production” of alternative energy and “extraction” of fossil fuels can result in marked constraints on the ability to increase the production of an alternative energy source as it is needed.
Capacity factor One indication of intermittency challenges in electric power generation is the capacity factor, or the average percentage of time in a year that a power plant is producing at full rated capacity. As shown in table 18.2, photovoltaic systems produce at full capacity only 12 to 19 percent of the time over the course of a year, compared to an average of 30 percent for wind systems. In contrast, a coal-thermal plant will typically run at full capacity 70 to 90 percent of the time, while nuclear power operates at over a 90 percent capacity factor in the United States.
Machinery requirement & cost Name o o o o o o o
Turbine Generators Motors Boilers Transformers(CTs & PTs) Automation equipments Condensers
Cost 80lac/10lac/3.5lac/80,000/60lac /15lac /5lac/-
Turbine is very first part of power generation machinery On the wings of turbine steam falls & in turn rotates . Cost varies with rpm(revolution per minute ) and power generated per kilo hour as well
Its cost is 80lac
Generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy . Possible sources of mechanical energy include steam engines, water falling through a turbine or waterwheel, an internal combustion engine, a hand crank, a wind turbine compressed air solar energy and many others. Possible sources of mechanical energy include steam en gines, water falling through a turbine or waterwheel, an internal combustion engine, a hand crank, a wind turbine, compressed air solar energy, and many others. Costing 10lac as well.
. Condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to its liquid state, typically by cooling it.
In so doing, the latent heat is given up by the substance, and will transfer to the condenser coolant. Condensers are typically heat exchangers which have various designs and come in many sizes ranging from rather small (hand-held) to very large industrial-scale units used in plant processes. It’s cost is 5lac / Piece that is for industrial refrigeration . Condensation action requires more and more water a nd there should be water storage towers and indeed pumps and motors requirement for suction and supplication of water to the condensers .
Transformers and grid installation A transformer is an electrical device that takes electricity of one voltage and changes it into another voltage. You'll see transformers at the top of u tility poles and even changing the voltage in a toy train set.
Transformers on the Electrical Grid Let's look at the electricity that comes to your home. When electricity moves from a power plant it is put into a very high voltage to be able to travel long distances. The high voltage lines can be as high 155,000 to 765,000 volts to travel man. Basically on industrial level we are in a need to step up or step down the voltages for meeting the desired need. . If we talk about the cost of grid station both transformer and transmission lines from grid to plant will be required .Approximated cost as for as grid installation is concerned will be 60lac
Automation on plant Starting system provides the initial momentum for the Gas Turbine to reach the operating speed. This is similar to the starter motor of your car. The gas turbine in a power plant runs at 3000 RPM (for the 50 Hz grid - 3600 RPM for the 60 Hz grid). During starting the speed has to reach at least 60 % for the turbine to work on its on inertia. The simple method is to have a starter motor with a torque converter to bring the heavy mass of the turbine to the required speed. For large turbines this means a big capacity motor. The latest trend is to use the generator itself as the starter motor with suitable electrics. In situations where there is no other start up power available, like a ship or an off-shore platform or a remote location, a small diesel or gas eng ine is used. Motors and other electronic instrumentation are not as cost effective as turbine and generators are. The approximated cost of motors, pumps and instruments is 3.5lac.
Human resources Those people who actually manages and operates whole plant. Depending upon their designation organization has to pay salary to all of them. Engineers in engineering station in ccr and operators in operating station in ccr ,most of staff will be required for these stations rest of staff for the inspection of grid station and distribution lines monitoring . There will be requirement of extra cost for salary purposes o f staff which has been shown below
Salary table Staff Operator Controlling Inspection Redundant
Designation JO(Junior officer) AM SS JA
Salary 10,000/25,000/8,000/7,000/-
Comparison between the steam power plant and other different sources of energy
Renewable Non-renewable Coal
Gas
Nuclear
Solar
Wind
Hydro-electric
Geothermal
Efficiency
2 - 3 kWh/kg
4-5 kWh/kg
45 - 50 000 kWh/kg
comparative figures not available
comparative figures not available
comparative figures not available
comparative figures not available
Cost (US cents/kWh) OECD 1998 (exc.Japan)
2.5 – 4.5
2.3 – 4.7
2.5 – 4.1
12-20
5
comparative figures not available
comparative figures not available
Cost effective
yes
yes
yes
comparative figures not available
intermittent, cannot meet base load
yes
in a few localities
Ability to meet yes base load demand
yes
yes
no
no
yes
no
good
good
variable daily variable & & weather weather dependent dependent
seasonal dependence
not many suitable sites
not needed not needed
needed
needed
needed
needed
Source reliability and availability
good
Back-up power not needed Export dollars for Australia (end of 2000)
$8.7 billion
$1.9 billion $.367 billion
some from sale of technology
some from sale of technology
some from sale of unknown technology
Greenhouse gas emission
1kg of CO2 /kWh
0.5kg of CO2 /kWh
none
none
none
none
none
Emissions to environment
NOx, SO2
NOx, SO2
steam
nil
nil
nil
nil
Other wastes
ash, flyash
4 milligrams of radioactive spent fuel/kWh
toxic waste nil from production of solar panels
nil
nil
limited mining and associated tailings storage facilities
on roofs
changes in ecosystems through dams flooding large areas
Other extensive environmental mining, major impacts transportation , acid rain
production facilities, pipelines, acid rain
can be unsightly, noisy, birds fly into rotors
Conclusion The steam power plant is efficient in providing power it works on cyclic process and through this plant we can increase the annual production and can get rid of extra charges of wapda .
