BARATHIY BARATHIYAR AR CENTINARY C ENTINARY MEMORIAL GOVERNMENT GOVE RNMENT WOMENS POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
FABRICATION OF MINI HYDRAULIC ZIGZAG BENDING MACHINE PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED BY
SL.NO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
NAME MANJULA MANJULA DEVI. DEVI.T T MARI MARIAM AMMA MAL. L.A A MUNEES MUN EESW WARI. ARI.T MURUGA MURUGALAK LAKSHMI SHMI.P .P NANT NANTHI HINI NI.M .M NITHY NITHYANA ANANTH NTHII .S
REG NO 1420185 14201854 4 14201 14201855 855 1420185 14201856 6 1420185 14201857 7 14201 1420185 858 8 1420185 1420185
IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DIPLOMA IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING BARATHIY BARATHIYAR AR CENTENARY CENTE NARY MEMORIAL GOVT WOMENS POLYTECHNIC POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE ETTAYAPURAM-628902 DIRECTORATE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIONCHENNAI APRIL-20!6
1
BARATHIY BARATHIYAR AR CENTINARY C ENTINARY MEMORIAL GOVERNMENT GOVE RNMENT WOMENS POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 20!"-20!6 !ERTI"I!ATE THIS IS T# !ERTI"Y THAT THAT THE PR#JE!T W#RK ENTITLED
FABRICATION OF MINI HYDRAULIC ZIGZAG BENDING MACHINE S$%&'()* '+ ,-/- $&)+ ) --* *',&- '+ MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING ) B-* T)+'- E*$-/+T-&'+-*$ $+*) 9)&)9) 9:9)& '9 - B+-*) R)* ) ;*+) B:
REG.N#
I+ ) :)- 2015<2016
GUIDE
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT
S$%&'()* " B-* P-/- E=-&'+-/+9 )* #+
INTERNAL E#AMINER
E#TERNAL E#AMINER
2
BARATHIY BARATHIYAR AR CENTINARY C ENTINARY MEMORIAL GOVERNMENT GOVE RNMENT WOMENS POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 20!"-20!6 !ERTI"I!ATE THIS IS T# !ERTI"Y THAT THAT THE PR#JE!T W#RK ENTITLED
FABRICATION OF MINI HYDRAULIC ZIGZAG BENDING MACHINE S$%&'()* '+ ,-/- $&)+ ) --* *',&- '+ MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING ) B-* T)+'- E*$-/+T-&'+-*$ $+*) 9)&)9) 9:9)& '9 - B+-*) R)* ) ;*+) B:
REG.N#
I+ ) :)- 2015<2016
GUIDE
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT
S$%&'()* " B-* P-/- E=-&'+-/+9 )* #+
INTERNAL E#AMINER
E#TERNAL E#AMINER
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3
AC$NOWLEDGEMENT A '9 ,)-9'+> &&)+ -?'+> 9$)99$: 9 $)99$: &,))* $ ,@). W) '9 ?): $ 9'+)) -+;9 -+* >-/$*) ) &-+->)&)+ $ !)>) ,?'*)* - ) -''/)9 $9. W) $* ';) )=,)99 $ 9'+)) -+;9 $ ,'+',- , @) -+* DR.M.ISA$$IMUTHU M.E %&.'. -*'+> $9 * $ ,@) )'+> -*)$-) *$-/+ '+ &,)/+> $ ,@). , @). W) -) -9 >-)$ >-)$ ) )-* ) *),-&)+
TMT.R.$ALPANAB.E " ) +9$/?) 9$>>)9/+ C )+$->)&)+ *$'+> $ ,@). W' *)), 9)+9) >-/$*) ) )=)+* $ )-+)9 C9'+)) -+;9 $ >$'*) MR.R.MARIAPPAN.B.E ()*+,)MECHANICAL '9 ;'+* >$'*-+) -+* )+$->)&)+ *$'+> '9 ,@). W) -9 )=,)99 $ -+;9 ) TEA!HING AND N#N TEA!HING 9-9 # MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT.
4
PREFACE
5
PREFACE
I+ *) ?) ) ?-9 9:-%$9 ''+ ) 9)9 ,99'%) /&) -+* -9 -;) ) 9$*: + %) 9$,)'- -+* -?) 9-) ;+)*>) AUT#M#TIVE TE!HN#L#GY P@) ; '9 *+). T) D),-&)+ T)+'- E*$-/+ TAMIL NADU -9 -;)+ $, D'))+ ,@) '+ )- %-+ ) 9$*')9. S'+) ,@) ; '9 )- T $ *$%9 -+* -9 ) *'- :$+> '*)-9. U+*) ) 9)&) ) 9'= 9)&)9) &)-+'- )+>'+))'+> 9$*')9 '9 ,:)+' -')* $ $9)$ ,@) +-&):
FABRICATION OF MINI HYDRAULIC ZIGZAG BENDING MACHINE
6
CONTENTS
7
!#NTENTS
CHAPTER NO
TITLE
SYNOPSIS 1 2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 4 4.1 4.2 5 6 7 + , 1/
Introduction Literature review Description of equipments Hydrauic !otte "ac# $ipe $uey Desi%n and Drawin% &ac'ine components (vera dia%ram )or#in% principe *dvanta%es and disadvanta%e *ppications List of materias -ost stimation -oncusion 0I0LI(*$H $H((*$H
+
LIST OF FIGURES
,
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Number 1
Tite (vera dia%ram
1/
SYNOPSIS
11
SYNOPSIS
'e main aim of our $ro"ect is to deveop a mode of mini 'ydrauic i%a% !endin% mac'ine w'ic' is a deveoped one t'at of t'e conventiona one. It is more advanta%eous for ma#in% i%a% !endin% in wor#piece suc' t'at it can form i%a% profie usin% norma 'ydrauic press. It can !e paced in a mac'ine s'op and a wor#s'ops to repace t'e conventiona t'in% wit' ess cost and ow maintenance.
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 0endin% is a process !y w'ic' meta can !e deformed !y pasticay deformin% t'e materia and c'an%in% its s'ape. 'e materia is stressed !eyond t'e yied stren%t' !ut !eow t'e utimate tensie stren%t'. 'e surface area of t'e materia does not c'an%e muc'. 0endin% usuay refers to deformation a!out one a8is. 0endin% is a fe8i!e process !y w'ic' many different s'apes can !e produced. 9tandard die sets are used to produce a wide variety of s'apes. 0endin% is done usin% $ress 0ra#es. 'is pro"ect we are usin% t'e 'ydrauic power to !end t'e meta pipe. 0ecause usin% t'is 'ydrauic system 'ave %ood oad capacity and %ood efficient. *nd aso t'is pro"ect consumes no eectrica power. 9o cost is ess compared to eectrica powered 'ydrauic systems. 'is pipe !ender is an easy to use mac'ine capa!e of !endin% a types of stee pipes and tu!in% up to 1+/:. ;oor standin% pipe !ender wit' fa!ricated stee c'assis and 'eavy
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pro%ressivey appies up to 12 tons of pressure. Incudes si8 interc'an%ea!e pipe up to 2>. $erfect to 'ave on t'e farm for ma#in% %ates. 9uita!e for !endin% %as and air pipe from 1=2> up to 2>. 9uita!e for !ot' pipefittin% and %enera fa!rication. $ease note t'is unit is not suita!e for copper. 9eaey Hydrauic $ipe 0ender 16tonne;oor standin% pipe !enders wit' fa!ricated stee c'assis and 'eavyA up to ?5/mm@2>A on &ode Bo. $09,,=1/ and ?75mm@3>A on &ode Bo. $09,,=14. 9uppied wit' si8 stee dies to 'ep prevent pipe distortion. 0ends up to 1+/C @3 8 6/C !endsA. ;oor standin% pipe !ender wit' fa!ricated stee c'assis and 'eavy
)e are one of t'e reputed manufacturers and suppiers of a wide ran%e of 0endin% &ac'ines. (ur compete ran%e is precisey manufactured usin% 'i%' %rade raw materia w'ic' is sourced from certified vendors of t'e industry. &anufactured in compiance wit' set industry standards our ran%e is widey appreciated for e8ceent performance dura!iity corrosion resistance and dimensiona accuracy. (ffered at most competitive prices our 15
ran%e comprises Industria $ipe 0endin% &ac'ine $ipe 0endin% &ac'ine B- *utomatic 9ection Hydrauic -ampin% 9emiautomatic &ac'ine 9emi *utomation $recession u!e 0endin% &ac'ine and many more.
(ur or%aniation e8ces in manufacturin% and suppyin% quaity approved array of Pi!e Be"#i"g M$%&i"e' w'ic' is idea for ma#in% various #ind of office and residentia furniture. &anufactured wit' utmost precision usin% 'i
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CHAPTER ( ) LITERATURE REVIEW
17
CHAPTER ( ) LITERATURE REVIEW Tube be"#i"g is t'e um!rea term for meta formin% processes used to
permanenty form pipes or tu!in%. (ne 'as to differentiate !etween form< !ound and free form
;orm !ound !endin% procedures i#e Epress !endin%F or Erotary draw !endin%F are used to form t'e wor# piece into t'e s'ape of a die. 9trai%'t tu!e stoc# can !e formed usin% a !endin% mac'ine to create a variety of sin%e or mutipe !ends and to s'ape t'e piece into t'e desired form. 'is processes can !e used to form compe8 s'apes out of different types of ductie meta tu!in%. G1 ;reeform
eneray round stoc# is w'at is used in tu!e !endin%. However square and rectan%uar tu!es and pipes may aso !e !ent to meet "o! specifications. (t'er factors invoved in t'e tu!e !endin% process is t'e wa
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t'ic#ness tooin% and u!ricants needed !y t'e pipe and tu!e !ender to !est s'ape t'e materia.and its aso used in different ways e.%.@ tu!epipe wiresA
0ein% t'e ar%est manufacturer of u!e 0endin% &ac'inery in t'e word 9(-( deivers !endin% options for tu!e pipe and soid !ar wit' t'e ar%est num!er of %o!a patents in t'e industry.
9(-( tu!e !endin% and pipe !endin% mac'ines covers everyt'in% from sma
Headand is proud to !e t'e e8cusive distri!utor of 9(-( u!e 0endin% &ac'inery in *ustraia and maintain a nationa networ# of quaified service
en%ineers to ensure cients continue to en"oy t'e commercia !enefits of t'eir investment.
u!e and pipe !endin% mac'ines are used to !end tu!es and pipes to produce finis'ed parts. u!es are structura 'oow conduits t'at are used as fow ines for fuids and %ases in pneumatic 'ydrauic medica and process appications. u!es are measured !y t'eir outer diameter and are usuay smaer and ess ri%id t'an pipes. $ipes are vesses t'at are used in transport
1,
systems for fuids and soids. 'ey %eneray 'ave a ar%er diameter and are measured !y t'eir inside diameter re%ardess of t'e wa t'ic#ness. $ipe and tu!e !endin% and fa!rication equipment is used to perform operations suc' as !endin% swa%in% farin% and !eadin%.
0aiei%'Js &*#r$ui% tube be"#er' consists of an array of modes t'at are perfect for !endin% ro ca%es auto and !i#e c'assis 'and raiin% steam pipe and muc' more. * of t'ese &*#r$ui% tube be"#er' are made in t'e Knited 9tates of *merica usin% 'eavy stee pate industria %rade 'ydrauics and superior !ut simpe desi%ns offerin% t'e meta fa!ricator t'e 'i%'est quaity !ends on t'e mar#et for a reasona!e investment t'at wi ast decades.
'e D0<125 'ydrauic tu!e !ender is a perfect !endin% mac'ine for t'e sma fa!ricator of racin% c'assis as we as for sma %enera fa!rication s'ops. 'is !i!e be"#er aows t'e fa!ricator to simpy pace t'e tu!in% or pipe in t'e mac'ine and commence !endin% !y simpy steppin% on t'e forward !utton. )'en t'e &*#r$ui% tube be"#er %ets to t'e end of t'e cyinder stro#e you simpy step on t'e reverse !utton unti your 'ome a%ain.
2/
'is tube be"#er m$%&i"e is capa!e of !endin% up to 1+/ de%rees pus sprin% !ac#. 'e D0<125 pipe !ender uses very powerfu industria %rade 'ydrauics t'at is very fast and safe to operate. * very ar%e de%ree dia ets t'e operator #now w'at t'e !end an%e is. 'is tube be"#i"g m$%&i"e 'as a 2> c'romoy tu!e capacity and requires "ust 11/ vot eectrica service to operate.
'e D0<15/ tu!e !endin% mac'ine is a powerfu yet porta!e !endin% mac'ine capa!e of !ends up to 2<1=2> tu!in% 2> 9c'edue 4/ $ipe and 2> 9quare. 'is tubi"g be"#er requires "ust 11/ vots so it can !e operated amost anyw'ere in a fa!rication s'op or on a "o! site. 'e standard RDB( +,- !i!e be"#er 'as a very ar%e de%ree dia to aid wit' t'e proper de%ree
an%e. 'e D0<15/*9 'ydrauic pipe !ender comes wit' t'e same dia for manua !endin% !ut aso comes wit' an auto -L dependin% on t'e (D of t'e materia.
'e D0<175 'ydrauic pipe !ender is an advanced version of t'e D0< 15/ series. It is 'as a ma8imum speed of 12 seconds to do a 1+/ de%ree !end dependin% on t'e (D wa t'ic#ness and type of materia !ein% !ent.
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'is &*#r$ui% !i!e be"#er uses 11/ vots and is porta!e for use in a any fa!rication s'op or "o! site. 'e RDB(+., !i!e be"#er 'as a patented counter die ad"ustment aowin% for fine tunin% t'at reay is a !enefit wit' certain materias or appications. 'is !enders capacity is up to 2<1=2> (D tu!in% 2> square tu!e and 2> 9c'edue 4/ pipe. 'e DD0<175 'as foot peda contros t'at aows t'e operator to !end 'ands free.
'e D0<5// 'ydrauic pipe !ender 'as a massive capacity of 3<1=2> round tu!in% 3> square and 3> 9c'edue 4/ pipe. 'is is a pro%ramma!e tube be"#i"g m$%&i"e t'at is perfect for s'ipyards miitary appications or
fa!rication s'ops t'at !end %as pump %uards or ot'er ar%e diameter parts. It requires 22/ vots sin%e p'ase and even t'ou%' it wei%'s over 12// !s it is sti porta!e.
0aiei%'Js hydraulic tube bender machines are one of t'e most popuar sein% tu!e !enders in Bort' *merica and urope.
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CHAPTER ( / DESCRIPTION OF E0UIPMENTS
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CHAPTER ( / DESCRIPTION OF E0UIPMENTS
/1+1 HYDRAULIC BOTTLE 2ACK 0otte "ac#s are 'ydrauic "ac#s t'at are paced in a 'orionta position. 'ese "ac#s pus' a%ainst a ever w'ic' ifts t'e main ift arm. 0otte "ac#s 'ave a on%er 'ande t'an most 'ydrauic "ac#s 'owever and it is possi!e to %et more ift per stro#e wit' t'e increased evera%e t'ey provide w'en compared to re%uar modes of "ac#s. 0otte "ac#s are versatie !ecause t'eir 'orionta position ma#es it possi!e to pace t'em in ti%'t spots and provides %ood evera%e. ecenty !otte "ac#s 'ave proven usefu in searc' and rescue missions foowin% eart'qua#e dama%e. *s a resut !otte "ac#s are standard equipment in fire'ouses and for searc' and rescue teams. 'ey are aso used for iftin% spreadin% !endin% pus'in% pressin% or strai%'tenin% requirements. 'e !ase and cyinders of !otte "ac#s are eectricay weded for stren%t' and a modes are capa!e of wor#in% in upri%'t an%ed or 'orionta positions.
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CHARACTERISTICS AND PROPERTIES FOR HYDRAULIC OILS
Low temperature sensitivity of viscosity
'erma and c'emica sta!iity
Low compressi!iity
ood u!rication @anti
Hydroitic sta!iity @a!iity to retain properties in t'e 'i%' 'umidity environmentA
Low pour point @t'e owest temperature at w'ic' t'e oi may fowA
)ater emusifyin% a!iity
;itera!iity
ust and o8idation protection properties
Low fas' point@t'e owest temperature at w'ic' t'e oi vapors are i%nita!eA
esistance to cavitation
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TYPES OF HYDRAULIC FLUIDS
(ptima properties of 'ydrauic ois are ac'ieved !y a com!ination of a !ase oi and additives @anti
&inera 'ydrauic oi @petroeum !aseA. &inera !ased ois are t'e most common and ow cost 'ydrauic
fuids. 'ey possess most of t'e c'aracteristics important for 'ydrauic ois. 'e disadvanta%es of minera @petroeumA !ased ois are t'eir ow fire resistance @ow fas' pointA to8icity and very ow !iode%rada!iity. M
$'osp'ate ester !ased synt'etic 'ydrauic fuids. $'osp'ate esters are produced !y t'e reaction of p'osp'oric acid wit'
aromatic aco'os. $'osp'ate esters !ased 'ydrauic fuids possess e8ceent fire resistance 'owever t'ey are not compati!e wit' paints ad'esives some poymers and seaant materias. 'ey are aso to8ic. M
$oyo ester !ased synt'etic 'ydrauic fuids.
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$oyo esters are produced !y t'e reaction of on%
possess
very %ood u!rication
properties. 'ey are
environmentay friendy !ut t'eir use is imited !y 'i%' cost. M
)ater %yco synt'etic 'ydrauic fuids. )ater %yco !ased fuids contain 35<6/N of water in form of soution
@not emusionA and additives @anti
Pe%eta!e 'ydrauic ois. Pe%eta!e 'ydrauic ois are produced mainy from -anoa oi. 'eir
c'emica structure is simiar to t'at of poyo esters. Pe%eta!e 'ydrauic ois possess very %ood u!rication properties and 'i%' viscosity inde8 @ow temperature sensitivity of viscosityA. 'ey are non
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VISCOSITY OF HYDRAULIC OILS
Piscosity of a 'ydrauic fuid depends on its composition and t'e temperature. Low viscosity imit is determined !y t'e u!rication properties of t'e oi and its resistance to cavitation. Kpper viscosity vaue is imited !y t'e a!iity of t'e oi to !e pumped. -ommon viscosity of 'ydrauic ois is in t'e ran%e 16 < 1// centisto#es. (ptimum viscosity vaue is 16 < 36 centisto#es.
+ SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
1.1 $ar# t'e ve'ice or oad to !e ifted on a fat firm surface and pace wed%es under t'e w'ees to stop movement. 1.2 $osition de "ac# on a soid even and 'orionta surface never use t'e "ac# on a sope. 1.3 'e "ac# s'oud !e positioned so as to avoid t'e user from 'avin% to operate it under t'e ve'ice. very ve'ice ifted !y a "ac# s'oud aways 'ave a secondary safety support suc' as mec'anica stands.
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1.4 It is imperative t'at a possi!e precautions are ta#en to avoid une8pected movement of t'e oad w'en it is !ein% ifted. 1.5 'e oad to !e ifted s'oud never e8ceed t'e rated capacity of t'e "ac#. 1.6 Bever operate t'e "ac# !eyond its ma8imum stro#e. 1.7 If t'ese !asic rues are not foowed in"ury to t'e user t'e "ac# or t'e oad !ein% ifted may resut. 1.+ *s an additiona safety feature t'e "ac# is equipped wit' a vave to prevent t'e unit from !ein% overoaded. 'is unit is factory set and must no !e tampered wit'. )1 USE AND OPERATION
2.1 0efore operatin% t'e "ac# you must pur%e its 'ydrauic circuit in order to eiminate any possi!e air in t'e system. o pur%e t'e system open t'e reease vave turnin% it anti
2.4 *ways #eep t'e "ac# in vertica position wit' t'e ram e8tension screw and pump retracted after use. 2.5 If you require operatin% t'e "ac# in a 'orionta manner t'e pump s'oud !e ocated on t'e ower side of t'e "ac#.
/1 MAINTENANCE
3.1 Lu!ricate a movin% parts at re%uar intervas. 3.2 *ways #eep t'e "ac# cean and protected from a%%ressive conditions. 3.3 If you 'ave to repace t'e oi t'e correct voume is indicated in t'e parts ist. &a#e sure t'e piston is fuy retracted.
IMPORTANT3 *n e8cess of oi wi render t'e "ac# inoperative.
3.4 Kse ony 'ydrauic oi type HL or H& wit' an I9( %rade cinematic viscosity of 3/ c 9t at 4/Q - or an n%er viscosity of 3 at 5/Q -.
3/
VERY IMPORTANT3 Bever use !ra#e fuid.
3.5 )'en orderin% spare parts pease ma#e note of t'e part num!er as s'own in t'e e8poded view drawin% provided. * repair #it is avaia!e containin% a t'e common spare parts. 41 REPAIR
0ot' maintenance and repair of t'is "ac# s'a !e carried out !y quaified persons w'o on !ase of t'eir education and e8perience 'ave enou%' #nowed%e in "ac#s and associated equipment.
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/1)1 PIPE3 * pipe is a tu!e or 'oow cyinder used to convey materias or as a structura component. 'e terms pipe and tu!e are amost interc'an%ea!e. * pipe is %eneray specified !y t'e interna diameter @IDA w'ereas a tu!e is usuay defined !y t'e outside diameter @(DA !ut may !e specified !y any com!ination of dimensions @(D ID wa t'ic#nessA. * tu!e is often made to custom sies and may often 'ave more specific sies and toerances t'an pipe. *so t'e term tu!in% can !e appied to non
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PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE 'e main function of t'e pressure contro vave is to imit @orA -ontro t'e pressure required in a 'ydrauic circuit. Dependin% upon t'e met'od of controin% t'ey are cassified as 1. $ressure reief vave 2. $ressure reducin% vave
/1/ PULLEY3 * puey is a w'ee wit' a %roove aon% its ed%e aso caed a s'eave for 'odin% a rope or ca!e. $ueys are usuay used in sets desi%ned to reduce t'e amount of force needed to ift a oad. 'e same amount of wor# is necessary for t'e oad to reac' t'e same 'ei%'t as it woud wit'out t'e pueys. 'e ma%nitude of t'e force is reduced !ut it must act t'rou%' a on%er distance. 'e effort needed to pu a oad up is rou%'y t'e wei%'t of t'e oad divided !y t'e num!er of w'ees.
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'e more w'ees t'ere are t'e ess efficient a system is !ecause of more friction !etween t'e rope and t'e w'ees. 'e pueys and ines are wei%'tess and t'at t'ere is no ener%y oss due to friction. It is aso assumed t'at t'e ines do not stretc'. )it' t'is assumption it foows t'at in equii!rium t'e tota force on t'e puey must !e ero. 'is means t'at t'e force on t'e a8e of t'e puey is s'ared equay !y t'e two ines oopin% t'rou%' t'e puey. 'e ines are not parae t'e tensions in eac' ine are sti equa !ut now t'e vector sum of a forces is ero. * second !asic equation for t'e puey foows from t'e conservation of ener%y t'e product of t'e wei%'t ifted times t'e distance it is moved is equa to t'e product of t'e iftin% force times t'e distance t'e iftin% ine is moved. 'e wei%'t ifted divided !y t'e iftin% force is defined as t'e advanta%e of t'e puey system. It is important to notice t'at t'e amount of wor# done in an idea puey is aways t'e same. 'e wor# is %iven !y t'e
effort times t'e distance moved. 'e puey simpy aows tradin% effort for distance.
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CHAPTER( 4 DRAWING MAIN COMPONENTS
35
CHAPTER(4 DRAWING MAIN COMPONENTS 41+ MACHINE COMPONENTS3 'e fa!rication of mini 'ydrauic i% a% !endin% mac'ine is consists of t'e foowin% components to fu fi t'e requirements of compete operation of t'e mac'ine. 1. Hydrauic !otte "ac# 2. $uey 3. $ipe 4. $ressure reief vave 5. $umpin% rod
36
41) DRAWING FOR FABRICATION OF MINI HYDRAULIC 5IG 5AG BENDING MACHINE
37
CHAPTER(, WORKING PRINCIPLE
3+
CHAPTER(, WORKING PRINCIPLE Here 6ur !r67e%t %6"'i't' 68 $ &*#r$ui% b6tte 7$%9 :&i%& i' !$%e# ;erti%$*1 T&e b6tt6m !6rti6" 68 t&e 7$%9 i' m$#e :e#e# 6r 8i
3,
CHAPTER(> ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE
4/
CHAPTER(> ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE ADVANTAGES
Ruite simpe
-ompact
Less cost
asy maintenance
&ore force t'an t'at of t'e conventiona one.
Bo maintenance is required since its an easy mec'anism
DISADVANTAGE Lea#a%e of oi affects t'e wor#in% efficiency. (peration is sow.
41
CHAPTER(. APPLICATIONS
42
CHAPTER(. APPLICATIONS
It %$" be i"'t$e# i" $ 'm$ m$%&i"e '&6!' $"# :6r9'&6!' t6 be"# '&eet met$ :it& &ig&er e88i%ie"%* :it& 6: %6't1
43
CHAPTER(? LIST OF MATERIALS
44
CHAPTER(? LIST OF MATERIALS FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS
'e various factors w'ic' determine t'e c'oice of materia are discussed !eow. +1 PROPERTIES
'e materia seected must posses t'e necessary properties for t'e proposed appication. 'e various requirements to !e satisfied can !e wei%'t surface finis' ri%idity a!iity to wit'stand environmenta attac# from c'emicas service ife reia!iity etc. 'e foowin% four types of principe properties of materias decisivey affect t'eir seection
$'ysica
&ec'anica
;rom manufacturin% point of view
-'emica
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'e various p'ysica properties concerned are metin% point t'erma -onductivity specific 'eat coefficient of t'erma e8pansion specific %ravity eectrica conductivity ma%netic purposes etc. 'e various &ec'anica properties -oncerned are stren%t' in tensie -ompressive s'ear !endin% torsion and !uc#in% oad fati%ue resistance impact resistance eastic imit endurance imit and moduus of easticity 'ardness wear resistance and sidin% properties. 'e various properties concerned from t'e manufacturin% point of view are
-ast a!iity
)ed a!iity
9urface properties
9'rin#a%e
Deep drawin% etc.
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)1 MANUFACTURING CASE
9ometimes t'e demand for owest possi!e manufacturin% cost or surface quaities o!taina!e !y t'e appication of suita!e coatin% su!stances may demand t'e use of specia materias.
/1 0UALITY RE0UIRED
'is %eneray affects t'e manufacturin% process and utimatey t'e materia. ;or e8ampe it woud never !e desira!e to %o castin% of a ess num!er of components w'ic' can !e fa!ricated muc' more economicay !y wedin% or 'and for%in% t'e stee.
41 AVAILABILITY OF MATERIAL
9ome materias may !e scarce or in s'ort suppy it t'en !ecomes o!i%atory for t'e desi%ner to use some ot'er materia w'ic' t'ou%' may not !e a perfect su!stitute for t'e materia desi%ned. 'e deivery of materias and t'e deivery date of product s'oud aso !e #ept in mind.
47
,1 SPACE CONSIDERATION
9ometimes 'i%' stren%t' materias 'ave to !e seected !ecause t'e forces invoved are 'i%' and space imitations are t'ere.
>1 COST
*s in any ot'er pro!em in seection of materia t'e cost of materia pays an important part and s'oud not !e i%nored. 9ome times factors i#e scrap utiiation appearance and non< maintenance of t'e desi%ned part are invoved in t'e seection of proper materias.
4+
CHAPTER(@ COST ESTIMATION
4,
CHAPTER-9 COST ESTIMATION
!. LABOUR COST/ L-) *''+> )*'+> >'+*'+> ,) -;9- >-9 $F+> 9
2. OVERGHEAD CHARGES/ T) ?))-* ->)9 -) -'?)* %: &-+$-$'+> 9 M-+$-$'+> !9
M-)'- !9 L-%$ !9 34001500 400
#?))-* !->)9
20 ) &-+$-$'+> 9 40080
. TOTAL COST/ T- 9 M-)'- !9 L-%$ !9 #?))-* !->)9 3400150080 5880 T- 9 '9 ,@) 588020 500
5/
CHAPTER(+CONCLUSION
51
CHAPTER(+CONCLUSION
'is pro"ect is made wit' pre pannin% t'at it provides fe8i!iity in operation. 'is innovation 'as made t'e more desira!e and economica. 'is pro"ect E FABRICATION OF MINI HYDRAULIC 5IG 5AG BENDING MACHINEF is desi%ned wit' t'e 'ope t'at it is very muc'
economica and 'ep fu to constructiona areas and some industries. 'is pro"ect 'eped us to #now t'e periodic steps in competin% a pro"ect wor#. 'us we 'ave competed t'e pro"ect successfuy.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
53
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Desi%n data !oo#
<$.9..ec'.
2. &ac'ine too desi%n 'and!oo# S-entra mac'ine too Institute 0an%aore.
3. 9tren%t' of &aterias < .9.Turmi
4. &anufacturin% ec'noo%y < &.Hase'urst.
5. Desi%n of mac'ine eements < .9.Turmi
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