fabricated stainless steel gates

ANSI/AWWA ANSI/AWWA C561-04 (First Edition)

The Authoritative Resource for Safe Drinking Water SM

AWW AWWA A Standard Standard

Fabricated Stainless Steel Slide Gates

Effective date: March 1, 2004. First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 18, 2004. Approved by American National Standards Institute Dec. 31, 20 03.

6666 West Quincy Avenue Denver, CO 80235-3098 T 800.926.7337 www.awwa.org 

Advocacy Communications Conferences Education and Training Science and Technology Technology Sections

--`,,`,,`,`````,````,`,`,,``,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA No reproduction or networking permitted without license from I HS

Licensee=Earth Tech Inc/5906698001, User=Yanez, Simon Copyright © 2004 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved. Not for Resale, 06/23/2008 12:55:27 MDT

AWWA Standar Stan dard d This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertising section of Journal AWWA. AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice.

American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. CAUTION NOTICE: The American American National National Standards Standards Institute Institute (ANSI) (ANSI) approval approval date on the front front cover cover of this standard standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900.

` , , ` , , ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` , ` , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` -

Science and Technology AWWA unites the drinking water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technological knowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products and processes that advance public health and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2004 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA

ii Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA No reproduction or networking permitted without license from I HS


AWWA Standar Stan dard d This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertising section of Journal AWWA. AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice.

American National Standard An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards. CAUTION NOTICE: The American American National National Standards Standards Institute Institute (ANSI) (ANSI) approval approval date on the front front cover cover of this standard standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900.

` , , ` , , ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` , ` , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` -

Science and Technology AWWA unites the drinking water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technological knowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products and processes that advance public health and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2004 by American Water Works Association Printed in USA

ii Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA No reproduction or networking permitted without license from I HS


Committee Personnel The AWWA Standards Committee on Slide Gates, which developed this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval: David C. Wheelock, Chair

Consumer Members R.J. Alberts, City of Pasco, Pasco, Wash.

(AWWA)

Ronald Arrington, US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo.

(USBR)

Arshed Ramankutty Ramankutty,, Detroit Water Water and Sewerage, Sewerage, Detroit, Mich. Mich.

(AWW (AWWA) A)

H.C. Suan, Edmonton Public Works, Edmonton, Alta.

(AWWA)

General Interest Members L.C. Gerbig, URS Greiner, Denver, Colo.

(AWWA)

S.C. Danos,* Standards Council Liaison, Littleton Water Department, Littleton, Mass.

(AWWA)

K.H. Hipps, Consoer Townsend Envirodyne, Chicago, Ill.

(AWWA)

M.R. Johnson, R.H. White Construction, Auburn, Mass.

(AWWA)

P.J. Olson,* Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo.

(AWWA)

D.C. Wheelock, Brazos River Authority, Waco, Texas

(AWWA)

Producer Members P.E. Brunelle, Rodney Hunt Company, Orange, Mass.

(AWWA)

Philippe Cote, H. Fontaine Ltd., Magog, PQ, Quebec

(AWWA)

David Niblett, Ashbrook Corporation, Houston, Texas

(AWWA)

G.E. Whipps, Whipps Inc., Athol, Mass.

(AWWA)

*Liaison, nonvoting

iii --`,,`,,`,`````,````,`,`,,``,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---



This page intentionally blank.

` , , ` , , ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` , ` , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` -



Foreword This foreword is for information only and is not a part of AWWA C561. I. Introduction. I.A. Background. A slide gate is a single-faced valve consisting of an open frame and a slide. Examples of where this type of “valve” is used include controlling flow at openings in tank walls and at ends of pipes. The term slide gate has been adopted for use by this series of standards, which supersede AWWA C501-92. The standards are C560—Cast Metal Slide Gates C561—Fabricated Stainless Steel Slide Gates C562—Fabricated Aluminum Slide Gates C563—Fabricated Nonmetal Slide Gates Other terms used to describe single-faced valves include penstocks and sluice gates. These gates are raised and lowered by means of a stem or rod, usually manually actuated or power-actuated hoists. The slide gates represented by the C-560 through C-563 series differ in material and in the means of sealing between the slide and the fixed frame. C560 gates have a cast-metal slide and frame with machined metal seating faces and wedges to force the slide to seal between the seating faces on the slide and frame. C561 gates have a fabricated, reinforced stainless steel slide and frame with ultra high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene seating faces. C562 gates have a fabricated, reinforced aluminum slide and frame with UHMW polyethylene seating faces. C563 gates have a fiberglass reinforced composite plastic or rigid compressed plastic slide and fiberglass reinforced composite plastic or stainless steel frame with UHMW polyethylene seating faces. I.B. History. The original AWWA standard for slide gates (then referred to as sluice gates) was approved as tentative in June 1941 and described cast-iron gates. The tentative standard was revised and approved in 1967 as AWWA Standard C501. Subsequent editions were approved in January 1980, June 1987, and June 1992. Following the latest revision, the Standards Council authorized the development of additional standards for slide gates to recognize the widespread use of slide gates similar to C501 gates in performance but manufactured by different methods and of

--`,,`,,`,`````,````,`,`,,``,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---


vii


different materials. For consistency among the new standards and recognizing the new designs employed, the Standards Council directed that all of the standards use the name “slide gate” in lieu of the term “sluice gate.” The Standards Council also directed that C501 be redesignated C560, with subsequent slide gate standards numbered consecutively. This is the first edition of C561, Standard for Fabricated Stainless-Steel Slide Gates, and was approved on Jan. __, 2004. I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF International (NSF) to develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a certification program for all direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other members of the original consortium included the American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AWWARF) and the Conference of State Health and Environmental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later. In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact with, drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state and local agencies may use various references, including 1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking Water, discontinued on April 7, 1990. 2. Specific policies of the state or local agency. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF, ANSI†/NSF‡60, Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals—Health Effects, and ANSI/NSF 61, Drinking Water System Components—Health Effects. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex, Water

Chemical Codex,§ and other standards considered appropriate by the state or local agency.

*Persons outside the United States should contact the appropriate authority having jurisdiction. †American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. ‡NSF International, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48105. §Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 2102 Constitution Ave. N.W., Washington, DC 20418.

viii Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA No reproduction or networking permitted without license from I HS


` , , ` , ` , , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , ` , ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` , , ` , , ` -

Various certification organizations may be involved in certifying products in accordance with ANSI/NSF 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation of certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Annex A, “Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,” to ANSI/NSF 61 does not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not regulated by USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALs of an unspecified list of “unregulated contaminants” are based on toxicity testing guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use of Annex A Procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier. AWWA C561 does not address additives requirements. Thus, users of this standard should consult the appropriate state and local agency having jurisdiction in order to 1. Determine additive requirements, including applicable standards. 2. Determine the status of certifications by all parties offering to certify products for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water. 3. Determine current information on product certification. II. Special Issues. In creating this standard, the committee initially drafted a standard governing a slide gate design with an integral seat–seal system utilizing ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene as the resilient material providing the seat and seal. This design and material, it was felt, offered the widest application to the water industry, particularly to high head applications and those applications subject to abrasive conditions. However, an older gate design utilizing a resilient seal separate from the seat has been in use for a number of years and performs well. Accordingly, this standard was broadened to include the older design with a seal separate from the seat. The purchaser is urged to consult with the manufacturers on the application of the different slide gate designs to the particular application. III. Use of This Standard.

It is the responsibility of the user of an AWWA

standard to determine that the products described in that standard are suitable for use in the particular application being considered. III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. covered in the purchaser’s specifications:

The following items should be

1. Standard used—that is, AWWA C561, Standard for Fabricated Stainless Steel Slide Gates, of latest revision. 2. Number of units required.

ix Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA No reproduction or networking permitted without license from I HS


` , , ` , ` , , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , ` , ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` , , ` , , ` -

3. Size and type of closure—conventional or flush-bottom. 4. Any drawings and material specifications required of the supplier or of the manufacturer (Sec. 4.1 and 4.2). 5. If test records must be viewed (Sec. 4.3.2). 6. Acceptable materials (Sec. 4.3.3). 7. Design head measured from the surface of water to centerline of gate, in feet (meters), for the following: a.

Seating head

b. Unseating head 8. Operating head measured from surface of water to centerline of gate, in feet (meters). 9. Type of gate mounting used: If a wall thimble is used, required length and shape (Sec. 4.4.10). 10. If seals, separate from seats, are to be provided (Sec. 4.3.3.8 and 4.4.3). 11. Rising stem or nonrising stem (Sec. 4.4.7 and 4.4.11). 12. Type of actuator—manual, electric-motor-driven, or hydraulic-cylinder. If electric-motor or hydraulic-cylinder, the purchaser should refer to ANSI/AWWA C540, Standard for Power-Actuating Devices for Valves and Slide Gates. 13. If hydraulic or pneumatic actuators are specified, provide cylinder operating media and pressure (refer to ANSI/AWWA C540). 14. Omission of stem covers if not required (Sec. 4.4.13.6). 15. If a gate position indicator is to be provided with the actuator (Sec. 4.4.13.7). 16. Weld inspections, if required (Sec. 4.5.2.2). 17. Inspection by purchaser, if required (Sec. 5.1). 18. Leakage tests in the shop (Sec. 5.2.1) and in the field (Sec. 5.2.2), if required. 19. Separate shipment of embedded items, if required (Sec. 6.2). 20. Affidavit of compliance, if required (Sec. 6.3). 21. Definition of any special design and construction required for conditions beyond the scope of this standard, such as throttling service or downward acting gates, including intended operation frequency and duration. 22. Frequency of operation and special operating conditions, such as ice formation. 23. An installation-requirement drawing showing clearances, wall to floor thicknesses, details of wall pipe and thimble installation, and location of actuator.

--`,,`,,`,`````,````,`,`,,``,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---


x


III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification to the provisions, definitions, or terminology in this standard must be provided in the purchaser’s specifications. IV. V.

Major Revisions. Comments.

This is the first edition of this standard.

If you have any comments or questions about this standard,

please call the AWWA Volunteer and Technical Support Group at 303.794.7711, FAX 303.795.7603, or write to the group at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-3098, or by e-mail at [email protected].

xi --`,,`,,`,`````,````,`,`,,``,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---




` , , ` , , ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` , ` , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` -


Licensee=Earth Tech Inc/5906698001, User=Yanez, Simon Not for Resale, 06/23/2008 12:55:27 MDT

Contents All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be found in a particular standard. SEC.

PAGE

SEC.

PAGE

Foreword

4

Requirements

I

Introduction..................................... vii

4.1

Data to Be Provided by

I.A

Background...................................... vii

I.B I.C

History............................................. vii Acceptance...................................... viii

4.2

the Supplier .................................... 4 Data to Be Provided by

II

Special Issues.......................................ix

III III.A

Use of This Standard ........................ ix Purchaser Options and

4.3 4.4

Materials ............................................ 5 General Design.................................. 7

4.5

Manufacture ......................................13

4.6

Installation....................................... 15

5

Verification

5.1

Inspection ........................................ 16

5.2

Test Procedures................................ 16

Standard

6

Delivery

1

General

6.1

Marking ........................................... 17

1.1

Scope ................................................. 1

6.2

Shipment ......................................... 17

1.2

Purpose .............................................. 1

6.3

Affidavit of Compliance................... 17

1.3

Application ........................................ 1

the Manufacturer............................ 5

Alternatives .................................... ix III.B IV

Modification to Standard....................xi Major Revisions ................................ xi

V

Comments ........................................ xi

Appendix

2

References.......................................... 2

3

Definitions ........................................ 4

A

Force Required to Actuate Fabricated Stainless Steel Gates..... 19

v Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA No reproduction or networking permitted without license from I HS


` , , ` , ` , , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , ` , ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` , , ` , , ` -

` , , ` , , ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` , ` , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` -




ANSI/AWWA C561-04 (First Edition)

AWWA Standard

Fabricated Stainless ` , , ` , , ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` , ` , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` -

Steel Slide Gates SECTION 1: GENERAL Sec. 1.1

Scope This standard describes fabricated stainless steel slide gates with full aperture closure, designed for either seating or unseating head, or both, in ordinary water supply service. The stainless steel gates have nonmetallic seats, which may be of selfadjusting design or may cooperate with adjustable wedging devices or pressure pads. The gates may be used for square, rectangular, or round openings. The gates may be conventional-closure or of flush-bottom-closure type.

Sec. 1.2

Purpose The purpose of this standard is to provide the minimum requirements for the above-defined fabricated stainless steel slide gates, including materials, general design, manufacture, testing, inspection, and shipment.

Sec. 1.3

Application This standard can be referenced in specifications for purchasing and receiving stainless steel slide gates and can also be used as a guide for designing and

1 Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA No reproduction or networking permitted without license from I HS


2

AWWA C561-04

manufacturing these gates. The stipulations of this standard apply when this document has been referenced and then apply only to fabricated stainless steel gates in water supply service applications.

SECTION 2: REFERENCES This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions, they form part of this standard to the extent specified within the standard. In any case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail. AISI* 1117—Standard Designation for Low-Carbon Steel. AISI 4140—Standard Designation for Low-Alloy Hardenable Steel. AISI 8620—Standard Designation for Low-Alloy Hardenable Steel. ANSI†/ASME‡ B16.1—Cast-Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings. ANSI/AWWA C540—Power-Actuating Devices for Valves and Slide Gates. ASME Welding Code—Section IX. ASTM§ A36/A36M—Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel. ASTM A48—Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings. ASTM A126—Standard Specification for Gray Iron Castings for Valves, Flanges, and Pipe Fittings. ASTM A167—Standard Specification for Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate Sheet and Strip. ASTM A240/A240M—Standard Specification for Heat-Resisting ChromiumNickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels. ASTM A249—Standard Specification for Welded Austenitic Steel Boiler, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, and Condenser Tubes. ASTM A269—Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service. ASTM A276—Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes. ASTM A312—Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes. *American Iron & Steel Institute, 1101 17th St. N.W., Washington, DC 20036. †American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036. ‡American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016. §ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

--`,,`,,`,`````,````,`,`,,``,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---



FABRICATED STAINLESS STEEL SLIDE GATES

3

ASTM A356—Standard Specifications for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines. ASTM A376—Standard for Seamless Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Central-Station Service. ASTM A536—Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings. ASTM A743—Standard Specification for Castings, Iron Chromium, IronChromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application. ASTM B85—Alloy SC84B. ASTM B98/B98M—Standard Specification for Copper-Silicon Alloy Rod, Bar, and Shapes. ASTM B139—Standard Specification for Phosphor Bronze Rod, Bar, and Shapes. ASTM B179—Standard Specification for Aluminum Alloys in Ingot and Molten Forms for Castings from All Casting Processes. ASTM B505—Standard Specification for Copper-Base Alloy Continuous Castings. ASTM B584—Standard Specification for Copper-Alloy Sand Castings for General Application. ASTM D471—Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids. ASTM D1149—Standard Test Method for Rubber Deterioration—Surface Ozone Cracking in a Chamber. ` , , ` , , ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` , ` , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` -

ASTM D2000—Standard Classification System for Rubber Products in Automotive Applications. ASTM D4020—Standard Specifications for Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Molding and Extrusion Materials. ASTM F593—Standard Specifications for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Studs. ASTM F594—Standard Specifications for Stainless Steel Nuts. AWS* D 1.6—Structural Welding Code, Stainless Steel. CDA †—Copper Alloy Numbers. (Note: CA precedes alloy numbers defined by CDA.) SSPC‡ SP6—Commercial Blast Cleaning.

*American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126. †Copper Development Association, Greenwich Office Park 2, P.O. Box 1840, Greenwich, CT 06836. ‡Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24th St., Sixth Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222.



4

AWWA C561-04

SECTION 3:

DEFINITIONS

The following definitions shall apply in this standard: 1. Constructor: The party that provides the work and materials for placement and installation. 2.

Design head: Design head (seating or unseating) is the maximum differential head that will actually be applied to the gate under worst-case conditions. 3. Manufacturer: The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces materials or products. 4. Operating head: Operating head is the highest differential head on the gate when it must be operated. 5. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases any materials or work to be performed. 6. Seal: Resilient material attached to the gate slide or gate frame to prevent leakage. 7. Seat: Horizontal and vertical bearing surfaces that support the gate. Seats can be attached to the gate frame or to the gate slide and can also serve to prevent leakage. 8. Sill: Gate frame bottom contact surface for the slide on flush-bottom gates. 9. Supplier: The party that supplies material or services. A supplier may or may not be the manufacturer.

SECTION 4: Sec. 4.1

REQUIREMENTS

Data to Be Provided by the Supplier When required, the supplier shall provide certified drawings and material specifications of the equipment to be supplied under the provisions of this standard. The drawings shall be in sufficient detail for the purchaser to determine if the proposed equipment meets the specifications. The drawings shall show the dimensions of the gate opening.



` , , ` , ` , , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , ` , ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` , , ` , , ` -


Sec. 4.2

5

Data to Be Provided by the Manufacturer When required, the manufacturer shall submit, for acceptance by the purchaser, certified drawings showing the principal dimensions, general construction, and materials used for all parts of the slide gates and actuator. All slide gates shall be manufactured and provided in accordance with these drawings after they have been accepted by the purchaser. The manufacturer shall also provide illustrated catalog data and parts schedules in sufficient detail to serve as a guide for assembly and disassembly of the gate and for ordering repair parts.

Sec. 4.3

Materials 4.3.1

Physical and chemical properties . The requirements of all AWWA, ANSI, ASTM, CDA, or other standards referenced in this text shall govern the physical and chemical characteristics of the slide gate components. Dual certified stainless steel permits “L” grades to be used with higher mechanical properties associated with the standard grades of 304 and 316 stainless steel. 4.3.2 Tests . Whenever slide gate components are to be made in conformance with industry standards that include test requirements or testing procedures, such requirements or procedures shall be met by the manufacturer. The records of such tests shall be made available if required by the purchaser. 4.3.3 Requirements . All material designated hereinafter, when used in slide gates produced according to this standard, shall conform to the requirements of the standards designated for each material listed. Materials shall conform to the following specifications: 4.3.3.1 Thimble, frame, guides, slide, yoke, and stem guides: stainless steel ASTM A167, ASTM A240, ASTM A249, ASTM A269, Type 304 and 304L or Type 316 and 316L. “L” grades shall be used for all welded components.* 4.3.3.2 Actuator pedestal and gear housing: cast iron—ASTM A126, class B or ASTM A48, class 30, or steel ASTM A36/A36M, or aluminum †—ASTM A356, ASTM B179, or stainless steel—ASTM A276, Type 304 or 316, or ASTM A312, or ASTM A376, or Ductile Iron-ASTM A536 grade 65-45-12. 4.3.3.3 Gears: steel—AISI 8620, AISI 4140, or AISI 1117. *Gates produced according to this standard may be fabricated of other grades of stainless steel if specified by the purchaser, to meet particular application conditions. Consult the manufacturer regarding availability. †Not recommended for use with stainless steel gates where aluminum is in direct contact with stainless steel.



` , , ` , ` , , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , ` , ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` , , ` , , ` -

6

AWWA C561-04

4.3.3.4 Thrust nuts: 4.3.3.4.1 Rising stem thrust nuts: stainless steel ASTM A276, Type 304 or 316 or ASTM A743, grade CF8 or CF8M. 4.3.3.4.2 Nonrising stem thrust nuts: bronze ASTM B584.* 4.3.3.5 Stem couplings:

stainless steel—ASTM A276, Type 304 or 316, or

bronze ASTM B584 (CA 863, CA 865, or CA 873). † 4.3.3.6 Gate actuator lift nut: bronze—ASTM B584 (CA 865, CA 863) or ASTM B505 (C95800). 4.3.3.7 Seats: cast or extruded ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE), ASTM D4020. 4.3.3.8 Seals:

When used, seal material is to be nonmetallic resilient

material, such as neoprene, EPDM, or polyethylene. Reclaimed rubber, as described in ASTM D2000, shall not be used. 4.3.3.9 Stem guide bushings: cast or extruded UHMW-PE ASTM D4020, or stainless steel ASTM A276 Type 304 or 316, or bronze ASTM B584 (CA 932 or CA 873), ASTM B98/B98M (CA 651 or CA 655), or ASTM B139 (CA 510). 4.3.3.10 Stems: stainless steel ASTM A276, Type 304, 316, or 303.‡ 4.3.3.11 Anchor bolts and fasteners: stainless steel—ASTM F593 or ASTM F594, alloy group 1 or group 2, or ASTM A276, Type 304 or 316. 4.3.3.12 Flush-bottom sill: Resilient sills for flush-bottom-type gates shall be extruded or molded neoprene. Reclaimed rubber, as described in ASTM D2000, shall not be used. 4.3.3.13 Flush-bottom sill retainer: stainless steel—ASTM A276, Type 304 or 316. 4.3.3.14 Wedges and pressure pads: stainless steel—ASTM A276 Type 304 or 316, or ASTM A743 Type CF8 or CF8M, or UHMW polyethylene ASTM D4020.

*If bronze is not acceptable, consult the manufacturer for alternatives. †Some materials described in the cited documents are subject to dealuminization or dezincification in some waters. In the absence of specific provisions by the purchaser, any material listed shall be acceptable. However, it is recommended that the purchaser prohibit the use of materials identified as being subject to dezincification or dealuminization unless experience has shown that dezincification or dealuminization has not been a problem. ‡When immersed, Type 303 stainless steel is potentially susceptible to end grain attack at machined or cut faces.



` , , ` , ` , , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , ` , ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` , , ` , , ` -


7

Sec. 4.4 General Design 4.4.1

Frames. 4.4.1.1 Material. The frame shall be made of wrought stainless steel of the specified grade. The minimum material thickness of all members except seal retainers shall be ¼ in. (6.4 mm). 4.4.1.2 Design. The frame shall be designed for the design head indicated with a minimum safety factor of 4 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength and a minimum safety factor of 2 with regard to tensile, compressive, and shear yield strength. All mating surfaces shall be accurately formed to ensure proper operation. 4.4.2 Slides. 4.4.2.1 Material. The slide shall be made of wrought stainless steel of the specified grade. The minimum thickness of all members except seal retainers shall be 1 /4 in. (6.4 mm). 4.4.2.2 Design. The slide shall be designed for the minimum safety factor of 4 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength, and a minimum safety factor of 2 with regard to the tensile, compressive, and shear yield strength. The slide shall have surfaces to engage the guides for its full length. Slide deflection should not exceed 1/360 of gate width at maximum design head. All mating surfaces shall be accurately formed to ensure proper operation. The lateral clearance between the frame and the guides shall be controlled so as to permit free travel. 4.4.3 Seats and seals. 4.4.3.1 Design. The gate may have an integral seat–seal system or a seal separate from the seat. Seats and seals shall be secured to the frame or to the slide in a manner to ensure they will remain in place, free of distortion or loosening during the life of the gate. 4.4.3.2 Seat contact. The seating–sealing surfaces shall contact their mating surfaces so as to meet the specified leakage requirements in Sec. 5.2.2.1. Seat contact pressure shall not exceed 600 psi at the design head. For this calculation, the top seat and bottom seat, if any, shall not be considered as load bearing. 4.4.4 Flush-bottom sill. 4.4.4.1 Design. The design of the sill shall be such as to provide resistance against leakage. The maximum allowable leakage is specified in Sec. 5.2.2.1. The seal at the sill shall be mounted on the slide or the frame and shall be held securely in place.



` , , ` , ` , , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , ` , ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` , , ` , , ` -

8

AWWA C561-04

4.4.4.2 Material tests. Rubber compounds shall be capable of withstanding an ozone-resistance test when tested in accordance with ASTM D1149. The tests shall be conducted on unstressed samples for 70 hr at 104°F (40°C) without visible cracking in the surfaces of the test samples after the tests. Rubber compounds shall have less than 2 percent volume increase when tested in accordance with ASTM D471, after being immersed in distilled water at 73.4°F ± 2°F (23°C ± 1°C) for 70 hr. 4.4.5 Guides . 4.4.5.1 Material. Guides shall be stainless steel of the specified material type. The minimum material thickness, except for seal retainers, shall be 1/4 in. (6.4 mm). 4.4.5.2 Design. Guides shall be integral with the frame or bolted to the frame. Guides, including their bolting, if any, shall be designed to resist the design head indicated and the wedging action, if any, with a safety factor of 4 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength and a minimum safety factor of 2 with regard to the tensile, compressive, and shear yield strength. The guides shall support at least one half of the slide height when the slide is in full open position. Guides of self-contained gates shall be designed to adequately support the yoke and resist all operating loads with a safety factor of 4 on the ultimate or 2 on the yield with regard to the tensile, compressive, and shear strengths of the material. 4.4.6

Yoke . Self-contained gates shall be provided with a wrought stainless steel yoke designed to withstand the thrust of the actuator when a 40-lb (178-N) effort is placed on the handwheel or crank, with a minimum safety factor of 4 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength and a minimum safety factor of 2 with regard to the tensile, compressive, and shear yield strength. Yokes for hydraulic cylinders shall meet the above criteria at the output thrust at maximum working pressure (pressure relief valve setting). In addition to the above criteria for manual operation, yokes for electric actuators shall be designed for a safety factor of 1.5 with regard to yield strength at the locked-rotor torque of the actuator. Yoke deflection should not exceed 1/360 of gate width at maximum operating load. The actuator mounting and guide contact surfaces shall be accurately formed to ensure proper stem alignment. The yoke shall be designed to allow removal of the slide from the gate assembly. 4.4.7 Stem connection. The stem shall be connected to the slide by a thrust nut or by a thru-bolt connection. The connection shall be designed to prevent rotation of the thrust nut. Rising stem thrust nuts shall be threaded and keyed or threaded and pinned to the stem. Nonrising stem thrust nuts shall be threaded but not

--`,,`,,`,`````,````,`,`,,``,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---




9

keyed. The connection shall be designed to withstand the stated design load with a minimum safety factor of 4 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength and a minimum safety factor of 2 with regard to the tensile, compressive, and shear yield strength. The design load for the stem connection shall be (1) for manual actuator—the output thrust developed when 40-lb (178-N) effort is applied to the handwheel or crank; (2) for electric actuators—1.25 times the output thrust developed in the motor-locked rotor torque condition; (3) for hydraulic actuators—1.25 times the output thrust developed by the maximum working pressure (pressure relief valve setting). 4.4.8 Wedging devices and pressure pads. Adjustable wedges or pressure pads shall be provided to ensure seat contact when the gate is fully closed, for gates with seats that are not self-adjusting, when deemed necessary by the gate manufacturer to meet the specified leakage. The mating surfaces of these devices shall be accurately made and of sufficient contact area to assure proper operation. Adjusting mechanisms shall be so designed as to remain securely in place after adjustment. 4.4.9 Assembly bolts, studs, nuts, and anchor bolts. All assembly bolts, studs, nuts, and anchor bolts shall be of such size and spacing as required to resist the design forces with a minimum safety factor of 4 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength and a minimum safety factor of 2 with regard to the tensile, compressive, and shear yield strength. Bolting on circular flanged-back gates mounting to pipe flanges shall mate with class 25-lb or class 125-lb drilling as specified in ANSI/ ASME B16.1. Mounting bolts or studs shall be of adequate number and spacing to seal the mounting flange and resist the shearing action caused by operating forces. Where adhesive anchors or expansion anchors are used, the bolt loads shall not exceed the bolt manufacturer’s recommendations. 4.4.10 Wall thimbles. 4.4.10.1 Material. Where thimbles are used, they shall be fabricated of the specified grade of wrought stainless steel. The minimum material thickness shall be 1

/4 in. (6.4 mm). 4.4.10.2 Design. The cross section of the thimble shall be of a shape to

inhibit pullout and water seepage. Provision for pipe attachment shall be made when specified. The front, or mounting flange shall be accurately formed to provide a suitable mounting surface and shall be provided with mounting fasteners that mate the gate frame drilling. Gate mounting studs shall be attached by nuts, no thinner than American Standard Finish Hex nuts, welded to the back of the thimble or by

--`,,`,,`,`````,````,`,`,,``,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---



10

AWWA C561-04

tapped holes in the thimble. Tapped holes, where used, shall have a minimum thread engagement of one-stud diameter. A ring or a flange around the outside of the wall box shall be provided to form a water stop and anchor ring in the concrete. 4.4.10.3 Release of air. To permit entrapped air to escape as the thimble is being encased in concrete, holes shall be provided in each entrapment zone, formed by the reinforcing ribs, flanges, and water stops. The holes shall be 1½ in. (38 mm) in diameter and no more than 2 ft (600 mm) apart. 4.4.11

` , , ` , , ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` , ` , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` -

Stem and stem couplings. 4.4.11.1 Material. The stem shall be solid stainless steel of the specified grade. 4.4.11.2 Design. The operating stem shall be rising or nonrising and shall be designed to withstand a manual actuator (or electric motor actuator in manual mode) tension load caused by the application of 40-lb (178-N) effort on the crank or handwheel or a 50-ft/lb (68-N/m) torque on a wrench nut without exceeding onefifth of the ultimate tensile strength of the stem material. In compression, the operating stem shall be designed for a critical buckling compressive load assuming a 40-lb (178-N) effort on the crank or handwheel or a 50-ft/lb (68-N/m) torque on a wrench nut with a safety factor of 2. The critical buckling load shall be determined by using the Euler Column formula,* where C = 2. Where hydraulic-cylinder actuators are used, the stem design force shall not be less than 1.25 times the output thrust of the hydraulic cylinder with a pressure equal to the maximum working pressure (pressure relief valve setting) of the hydraulic fluid supply. Where electricmotor-driven actuators are used, the stem design force shall not be less than 1.25 times the output thrust of the unit in the stalled motor condition. 4.4.11.3 Threads. Stem threads which generate gate motion (rising stem threads at the actuator lift nut or nonrising stem threads at the gate thrust nut) shall be machine cut or rolled American Standard general purpose Acme or stub Acme type. Stem coupling threads and rising stem thrust nut threads may be American Standard general purpose Acme or stub Acme or may be unified screw threads. Where unified screw threads are used, typically hydraulic-cylinder stem connections, the pitch may not be finer than Unified National Coarse (UNC). On rising-stem

* Euler Column formula: P = C π2 EA (r/l )2, where P = axial load on stem, C defines end restraints conditions, E = modulus of elasticity, l = length or span between supports, r = radius of gyration, and A = area of stem, minor diameter for threaded portion of stem.




11

gates with manual actuators, the top of the stem shall be provided with a stop collar to be field adjusted according to the manufacturer’s instructions at the time of gate installation to prevent overclosing the gate. 4.4.11.4 Coupling.

Where stems are provided in more than one piece, the

sections shall be joined together by solid couplings. The couplings shall be threaded and keyed or threaded and bolted and shall be of greater strength than the stem. 4.4.11.5 Inverted gates. For all inverted-gate applications where the gate is lowered to open, a stop collar or other positive means shall be provided to prevent the loss of the slide from the guides. 4.4.12 Stem guides. Stem guides shall be provided as required to meet the stem design requirements of Sec. 4.4.11.2. The stem guide brackets may be mounted on the gate guides or yoke or may be mounted on the wall of the chamber. Wallmounted guides shall provide lateral adjustment between the wall and the guide bracket and between the guide bracket and the guide for field alignment. Guides, which are mounted on the gate assembly, shall be designed and fabricated to assure proper alignment. The guides shall have adequate adjustment to permit proper alignment. The stem guide assemblies and their anchor bolts shall be designed to maintain the alignment under all operating loads. The stem guide shall be bushed ` , , ` , , ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` , ` , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` -

with a maximum diametral clearance of 1/8 in. (3.2 mm). Guides shall be placed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. The length–radius of gyration of the stem ratio shall not exceed 200. 4.4.13 Manual actuators. 4.4.13.1 Operation. The manual actuator shall have either a direct drive handwheel without reduction gearing or shall be crank-actuated with either single- or double-reduction gearing as necessary to meet lifting capacity required. The actuator shall be sized to permit slide operation with an effort of not more than 40-lb (178-N) pull on the handwheel–handcrank or 50-ft/lb (68-N/m) torque on the lift nut or input shaft, depending on the lift type. Maximum pull or torque to start the slide in motion must not exceed one and one-half times this amount. All components of the actuator shall be designed to withstand these input efforts or torques with a minimum safety factor of 5 with regard to ultimate tensile, compressive, and shear strength. 4.4.13.2 General design. The actuators shall have a bronze lift nut threaded to fit the operating stem. Tapered roller or ball bearings shall be provided above and below the flange on the lift nut to take the thrust developed during gate operation. All bearings (and gears) shall be enclosed in a cast iron, ductile iron, or cast



12

AWWA C561-04

aluminum housing with oil seals and O-rings or mechanical seals used to seal the unit. Fittings shall be provided so that all bearings (and gears) can be periodically lubricated. The actuator shall be supplied with a pedestal, torque tube, or baseplate, machined and drilled for mounting the lift housing and ready for bolting to the operating floor, top wall mounting bracket, or gate yoke, as required. 4.4.13.3 Gear reducing actuators. The drive gears used in gear reduction actuators shall be of steel and accurately machined, with cut teeth to provide smooth and proper operation. Input shafts shall be stainless steel and supported by tapered roller or other roller-type bearings designed to withstand the radial and thrust loads generated during operation. All geared actuators shall be suitable for operation by use of a portable motor apparatus. 4.4.13.4 Crank–handwheel. The crank shall be removable and fitted with a corrosion-resistant rotating handle. The maximum crank radius shall be 15 in. (380 mm), and the maximum handwheel diameter shall be 30 in. (760 mm). 4.4.13.5 Opening direction. The direction of wheel or crank rotation to ` , , ` , , ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` , ` , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` -

open the gate shall be indicated on the actuator. Single-speed actuators shall open counterclockwise. Two-speed actuators shall open counterclockwise for the low mechanical-advantage gear ratio (high-speed pinion shaft). 4.4.13.6 Stem cover.

Each rising stem unit shall be provided with a stem

cover unless otherwise specified by the purchaser. The cover shall be made of galvanized steel pipe, or aluminum pipe, or a clear plastic pipe that will not discolor, crack, or become opaque for at least five years after installation. Slotted metal stem covers used to indicate a position shall have clear plastic windows. The cover shall be of sufficient diameter and length to permit full travel of the threaded stem without obstruction. The stem cover shall be vented, drained, and mounted in a housing or adaptor plate for easy field installation. 4.4.13.7 Indicator. When specified, each rising-stem type actuator with a solid galvanized steel or aluminum pipe cover and all nonrising-stem actuators shall be provided with a dial or counter-type positions indicator to show the position of the gate at all times. The indicator shall be geared to the actuator. 4.4.13.8 Dual actuators. All gates 48 in. (1,200 mm) and wider and having widths greater than twice their height shall be provided with dual stems and with two actuators connected by a tandem shaft for simultaneous operation. Cross shafting shall be stainless steel or aluminum. Flexible couplings shall be provided at each end of the cross shaftings.




4.4.13.9 Surface preparation.

13

All carbon steel and alloy surfaces shall be

prepared in accordance with Sec. 4.5.3.1 and shall have a high-solids epoxy protective coating or equivalent applied. Coating does not have to be suitable for potable water unless the actuator is immersed. 4.4.14

Powered actuators. 4.4.14.1 Speed of operation. The normal rate of movement of the slide during gate operation shall be 10–14 in./min (254–356 mm/min) under specified operating conditions. 4.4.14.2 Finish. 4.4.14.2.1 Cleaning and preparation. Surfaces shall be prepared in accordance with Sec. 4.5.3.1. 4.4.14.2.2 Submerged surfaces or surfaces subjected to splashing. After cleaning, these surfaces shall be primed and finish-coated in the manufacturer’s shop with a minimum two-coat high-solids epoxy coating or equivalent suitable for use in potable water. After coated surfaces are dry, all machined or bearing surfaces and the holes, both plain and threaded, shall be coated with a protective grease suitable for potable water until time of installation. 4.4.14.2.3 Exposed abovegrade surfaces. After cleaning, these surfaces shall be primed and finish-coated in the manufacturer’s shop with a high-solids epoxy coating or equivalent suitable for outdoor exposure. The coating does not have to be suitable for potable water. 4.4.14.3 Electric motor actuators. Electric motor actuators shall be per ANSI/AWWA C540, Sec. 3, except for speed of operation and finish previously noted. 4.4.14.4 Cylinder actuators. Except for speed of operation and finish previously noted, cylinder actuators shall be in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C540, Sec. 4, with the exception of piston rods. All piston rods shall be 30,000 psi (206.8 Mpa) minimum yield strength, type 303, 304 or 17-4 PH stainless steel, hard chrome plated, 0.0005-in. (0.0127 mm) thick and shall have a 20-micro in. (0.000508 mm) finish or smoother.

Sec. 4.5

Manufacture 4.5.1

Workmanship. All parts in the slide gate and accessories shall be accurately manufactured. All like parts shall be interchangeable so that replacement parts can be provided at any time and attached in the field with a minimum of



` , , ` , ` , , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , ` , ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` , , ` , , ` -

14

AWWA C561-04

fitting. All parts shall conform to the design dimensions and shall be free from defects in material and workmanship. All attaching bolt holes shall be drilled accurately to layout indicated on the drawings. 4.5.1.1 Castings. All castings shall be clean, sound, and without defects that could impair their function. 4.5.1.2 Welding . All welding of stainless steel shall be in accordance with AWS D 1.6 and ASME Welding Code—Section IX. 4.5.2

Fabrication and finish. 4.5.2.1 Workmanship. The gate, slide, and frame shall be fabricated to within 1/8 in. (3.2 mm) squareness, flatness, and dimensional tolerance with respect to gate opening. All bolt holes shall be accurately located to mounting patterns indicated on the drawings and shall be drilled or punched and free of all burrs and defects. All machined parts shall be accurately machined with interchangeable parts, so that replacement parts can be provided at any time and replaced in the field with minimal effort. All parts shall conform to the design dimensions and shall be free from defects in material and workmanship. Castings shall be clean, sound, and without defects that could impair their function. 4.5.2.2 Welding 4.5.2.2.1 Stainless steel. Gates shall be welded using the welding process described in AWS D 1.6 and ASME Welding Code—Section IX. Welding processes and welders shall be qualified and maintained as required by AWS D 1.6 section 4. All welds shall be visually inspected in accordance with AWS D 1.6 section 6. 4.5.2.2.2 Additional inspection. No additional weld inspection is required unless specifically requested by the constructor or purchaser. If requested, the specific weld inspection shall be identified as required in reference to AWS D 1.6. 4.5.3 Protective coatings and surface treatment. 4.5.3.1 Items to be coated. The only items requiring protective coating are carbon and alloy steels, exposed to weather. All surfaces shall be cleaned to SSPC SP6, dry and free of grease before coating. After cleaning, the surfaces shall be primed and finished in the manufacturer’s shop with a high-solids epoxy coating or equivalent. 4.5.3.2 Noncoated material. Galvanized or aluminum manual actuator housings, stem covers, or other hardware do not require protective coating.



` , , ` , ` , , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , ` , ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` , , ` , , ` -


15

4.5.3.3 Coating. After cleaning, the surfaces to be coated shall be primed and finished in the manufacturer’s shop with a high-solids epoxy coating or equivalent. 4.5.3.4 Stainless steel cleaning. Stainless steel does not require protective coatings for corrosion resistance, and protective coatings are generally not recommended. All stainless steel parts shall be cleaned and free of grease and dirt, and all stainless steel weldments shall be cleaned and free of slag, weld spatter, and heat tint discoloration.

Sec. 4.6 Installation Handle, store, and install the wall thimble or other connection device, gate, actuator mechanism, stem, stem guides, and accessories in accordance with the manufacturer’s drawings and recommendations. Care shall be taken to avoid warping the gate frame and to maintain tolerances between seating faces. All gates, thimbles, stems, and actuators shall be plumbed, shimmed, and aligned accurately. 4.6.1

Hole protection.

protection. 4.6.2 Surface protection.

Tapped holes in thimbles shall be plugged for During construction, the surfaces of the connect-

ing device, wall thimble, gate, actuators, and appurtenances shall be covered or otherwise protected from concrete spillage, paint, oil, and debris. Any damage that occurs to the connecting device or gate in storage or handling shall be corrected prior to installation of the gate or operating and testing the gate. 4.6.3 Thimble. Thimbles shall be positioned accurately and supported to prevent shifting during the pouring of the surrounding concrete. Thimbles shall be carefully braced both horizontally and vertically to prevent distortion. Concrete shall be poured carefully to provide a good bond to the thimble without voids. Concrete shall be forced under the thimble up to the air-vent holes. 4.6.4

Slide. After actuated gates have been completely installed, adjusted, and properly lubricated, each slide shall be operated for one complete cycle, openclose-open or close-open-close. 4.6.5 Switch setting. After installation of gates with electric motor actuators, torque switches shall be adjusted and limit switches set according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. The gate shall then be operated through one complete cycle, open-close-open or close-open-close.

--`,,`,,`,`````,````,`,`,,``,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---



16

AWWA C561-04

4.6.6 Actuator storage.

If hydraulic–cylinder actuators are to be stored at the

jobsite for one month or longer, the cylinders shall be filled with oil at the storage site. If oil-filled cylinders are stored horizontally, they shall be rotated at least once per month. If electric actuators are to be stored at the jobsite for one month or longer, provisions shall be made to energize the electrical enclosure strip heaters. 4.6.7 Cylinder. After installation of gates with hydraulic-cylinder actuators, the alignment of the cylinder with the gate shall be checked by opening the gate before water is turned into the gate chamber. Binding or side thrust on the cylinder rod shall be eliminated to ensure proper cylinder operation and long life of seals. All connections shall be carefully checked for leaks. After proper alignment has been obtained and absence of leaks assured, the gate, submerged or subjected to normal operating heads, shall be checked through another complete cycle of operation, openclose-open, or close-open-close.

SECTION 5: Sec. 5.1

VERIFICATION

Inspection All work performed according to this standard shall be subject to inspection and approval by the purchaser. The purchaser shall have access to all places of manufacture where materials are produced or fabricated or where tests are conducted, and they shall be accorded full facilities for inspection and observation. Any slide gate or part that does not conform to the requirements of this standard shall be made satisfactory or shall be rejected and replaced.

Sec. 5.2

Test Procedures 5.2.1

Shop testing. 5.2.1.1 Performance tests. After completion, all seating and wedging surfaces shall be cleaned thoroughly of all foreign materials and final adjustments shall be made. The slide gate shall then be operated in the shop from the fully closed to the fully open positions to verify that the assembly is functional. A shop leakage test, meeting the requirements of Sec. 5.2.2, shall be made when specified in the purchaser’s specifications. Note: Shop leakage tests cannot be carried out for all types and sizes of gates. Purchasers should consult the manufacturer involved before specifying such tests.


Licensee=Earth Tech Inc/5906698001, User=Yanez, Simon Not for Resale, 06/23/2008 12:55:27 MDT

` , , ` , ` , , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , ` , ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` , , ` , , ` -


17

5.2.2

Field leakage test. A field leakage test may be performed by the purchaser after installation of the slide gate. The manufacturer shall be notified of the test so as to allow sufficient time to enable a representative of the manufacturer to be present at the test site. After all adjustments have been made and the mechanism properly lubricated, each gate slide shall be operated through one complete cycle as a final check on proper operation before starting the leakage test. Seating and unseating heads shall be measured from the top surface of the water to the center of the gate. 5.2.2.1 Head. Under the design head, seating or unseating, as specified, the leakage shall not exceed 0.10 gpm/ft (1.24 lpm/m) of seating perimeter.

SECTION 6: DELIVERY * Sec. 6.1

Marking This standard has no applicable information for this section.

Sec. 6.2

Shipment Slide gates shall be complete when shipped. The manufacturer shall use all due and customary care in preparing them for shipment to avoid damage in handling or in transit. Particular care shall be taken to make certain that the parts are completely closed and locked in position before shipment. Parts that are to be embedded in concrete may be shipped separately if requested by the purchaser. Slide gates 24 in. (600 mm) and larger shall be bolted securely or otherwise fastened to skids in such a manner that they be safely handled.

Sec. 6.3

Affidavit of Compliance When required, the manufacturer shall provide an affidavit of compliance with all applicable provisions of this standard and with the purchaser’s specifications.

*Governmental marking, packaging, and shipping references reflect US requirements. Users of AWWA C561 outside the US should verify applicable local and national regulatory requirements.

--`,,`,,`,`````,````,`,`,,``,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---




--`,,`,,`,`````,````,`,`,,``,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---



APPENDIX A Force Required to Actuate Fabricated Stainless Steel Gates This appendix is for information only and is not a part of AWWA C561. The maximum force required to actuate a slide gate occurs during the unseating and raising of the weight of the slide. In closing, normally the downward motion of the gate, the weight of the stem and slide act in the direction of motion and reduce the force required. The force required to actuate the slide is, in part, empirically determined. The force may be calculated as shown below. For design purposes, the force should not be taken as less than 50 lb per lineal inch of gate opening height.

F = 62.4 × f × A × H + 1.5 × P 1 + P 2 ([metric] F = 1,000 × f × A × H + 1.5 × P 1 + P 2) Where:

F = total maximum force required to open slide, lb (N) f = friction factor of slide against seat A = area of gate opening, ft2 (m 2) H = head of water at gate centerline, ft (m) P 1 = weight of slide, lb (kg) P 2 = weight of stem, lb (kg) The friction factor f between the slide and the seats may be taken as 0.20 for UHMW-PE seats. Appropriate changes in opening force calculations (bearing pressure and friction factor) must be made if seals, separate from the seats, are utilized. The weight of the stem and slide should be obtained from the manufacturer of the gate. It has not been general practice to reduce the weight of the slide or stem because of the buoyant effect of the water. The force required to overcome the frictional effect of the wedges is accounted for by empirically assigning one half of the weight of the slide to the opening force.

19 Copyright American Water Works Association Provided by IHS under license with AWWA No reproduction or networking permitted without license from I HS


` , , ` , ` , , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , ` , ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` , , ` , , ` -

20

AWWA C561-04

On partially opened parallel closure gates and on wedge type gates, after release from the wedges, the force becomes

F 1 = 62.4 × f × A × H + P 1 + P 2 + P 3 ([metric] F 1 = 1,000 × f × A × H + P 1 + P 2 + P 3) Where:

F 1 = total maximum force required for sustained effort on the actuator, lb (kg) P 3 = 62.4 × H × a × c , lb ([metric] P 3 = 1,000 × H × a × c , N) Where:

a = cross sectional area of gate slide (gate width x bottom rib plan dimension), ft2 (m 2) c = coefficient P 3 accounts for the downpull force caused by the flow velocity when the gate is slightly open. It is significant only on large gates and higher heads. The coefficient varies with the shape of the gate lip. The c coefficient can range from less than 0 to more than 1.0. The above forces are based on the use of a handwheel, crank, or electric-motoractuated gate where the lift nut turns around a threaded rising stem or where the threaded stem turns inside a thrust nut on nonrising stem applications. When cylinder actuators are employed, it is suggested that the total forces calculated above are to be multiplied by a 1.3 safety factor when starting the gate from closed to open.

--`,,`,,`,`````,````,`,`,,``,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---




` , , ` , , ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` , ` , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` -




--`,,`,,`,`````,````,`,`,,``,,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---




` , , ` , ` , , ` , , ` ` , , , ` ` , , ` , ` , ` ` ` ` , ` ` ` ` ` , ` , , ` , , ` -



fabricated stainless steel gates

Recommend Documents