EXPLOSIVES & MIXTURES • TNT ALSO KNOWN AS TRITOL, TRITON, TOLLITE OR TROTYL • TNT GR.I A USED IN EXPLODER. SET POINT 80.4 DEGREE CENTIGRADE TO 80.9 DEGREE CENTIGRADE. • TNT GR. I B IN SHELL FILLING S.P. 80 TO 80.9 0 C. • TNT GR.II IN MINE FILLING • C.E --- ALSO CALLED TETRYL • RDX KNOWN AS CYCLO TRI METHYLENE TRI NITRAMINE. IT IS NEVER FILLED ALONE. IT IS FILLED AS RDX/WAX (7.9% WAX) OR RDX/TNT 60:40 FOR PROJECTILE TO REDUCE ITS FIGURE OF INSENSITIVITY. • PETN: PENTA ERITHRYTOL TETRA NITRATE
BINARY EXPLOSIVES • BINARY EXPLOSIVES :- ECONOMISING THE COST OF EXPLOSIVES AS WELL AS PRINCIPLE WARFARE COMBINATION • TETRYTOL : CE/TNT : TETRYL + TOLLITE 70:30, 80:20 Or 75:25. HERE TNT IS MELTED FIRST AS ITS MELTING POINT IS LOWER THAN CE. THEN CE IS ADDED TO IT & STIRRED • PROPERTIES : BRISANCE 93% OF CE., POWER 110 TO 120% OF TNT, DENSITY 1.60 TO 1.61. USED FOR DEMOLITION PURPOSES. • TRITINOL : TRITON + AL . RATIO 80:20, 70:30 . HERE ALUMINIUM IS TO EVOLVE MORE HEAT. HENCE WHENEVER MORE HEAT IS REQUIRED THIS EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE IS PREFERED
BINARY EXPLOSIVES • WET METHOD FOR FILLING : TNT IS MELTED FIRST AND ALUMINIUM IS ADDED MIXED & TAKEN FOR FILLING. • DRY METHOD FOR PELLET LIKE SMOKE PELLET IN I.F.G. , WHERE FLAKE TNT AND ALUMINIUM ARE SEIVED AND MIXED AND TAKEN FOR HYDRAULIC PRESSING IN TO PELLETS. • AMATOL : TNT AND AMMONIUM NITRATE 50:50 OR 40:60 OR 20:80 • TNT IS MELTED FIRST & AMMONIUM NITRATE IS ADDED & STIRRED & SOLIDIFIED • PROPERTIES :- DENSITY 1.59 TO 1.60, POWER 120 TO 124 % OF TNT. BRISANCE 150% OF TNT. VOD & POWER DEPENDS UPON PERCENTAGE COMBINATION OF COMPOSITION. ROUGHLY VOD IS 5900 MTS/SEC ACHIEVED MAXIMUM.
BINARY EXPLOSIVES • ADVANTAGES :-BETTER POWER, BRISANCE, ECONOMIC COST OF TNT . DISADVANTAGE IS AMMO. NITRATE IS HYGROSCOPIC . HENCE AS SUCH SHELL LIFE IS REDUCED. IN WET CONDITION AMATOL IS NOT COMPATIBLE WITH COPPER AND TIN. IN AMATOL FILLING PRECAUTION IS TAKEN FOR TOPPING, TO BE DONE BY TNT TO RESTRICT THE MOISTURE. • MINOL : IT IS A MIXTURE OF AMATOL AND ALUMINIUM . THE RATIOS ARE 40:40:20.
BINARY EXPLOSIVES • MOLTEN TNT AT 90 DEGREE CENTIGRADE IS TAKEN IN WHICH DRIED AMMO. NITRATE AND ALUMINUM IS ADDED AND LIQUID STAGE FILLING IS CARRIED OUT. • PROPERTIES :- DENSITY 1.65, VOD= 5900 MTS/SEC. • DUE TO PRESENCE OF ALUMINIUM, IT IS USED IN CASE OF DEMOLITION PURPOSE AMMUNITIONS, WHERE MORE THERMAL ENERGY IS REQUIRED. • AMMONALS :- IT IS A COMBINATION OF TNT + AMMONIUM NITRATE + AL +CHARCOAL IN THE RATIO OF 65 : 15 : 17 : 3% • AMATOL IS FIRST PREPARED. THEN ADD DRY AMMONIUM NITRATE & CHAR COAL PASSED THOUGH SPECIFIED SEIVE. THIS IS USED IN BUNGLOW TARPEDOS TO DEMOLISH FENCING. • BARONAL : BARIUM NITRATE , TNT & ALUMINIUM • BARATOL : BARIUM STYPHNATE & TNT
BINARY EXPLOSIVES • COMPOSITION B ( CYCLOTOL) : RDX/TNT and wax = 50:50, 60:40, 70:30 OR 75:25, 80:20 . • TNT IS MELTED IN STEAM JACKETED CAN AND RDX IS ADDED. RDX IS ALWAYS STORED IN MOIST CONDITION. HENCE TEMPERATURE IS KEPT 95 DEGREE CENTIGRADE TO EVAPORATE MOISTURE.HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE IS MADE BY STIRRING . 1% WAX IS ADDED TO AVOID EARLIER SOLIDIFICATION OF RDX AND TO AVOID SETTLEMENT OF DENSER MATERIAL AT BOTTOM. IT CAN NOW BE DIRECTLY POURED IN AMMUNITION OR AFTER SOLIDIFICATION BROKEN IN TO BISCUITS FORM & PACKED.WAX IS ADDED TO HAVE PROPER HOMOGENITY AND TO ADJUST THE VISCOCITY OF FUEL.
BINARY EXPLOSIVES • IN SOLID IT IS FOUND THAT SOME PART OF RDX DISSOLVES IN TNT HENCE WE WOULD NOT GET 50 : 50 RATIO OF BOTH. WE MAY GET 45% OF RDX. THIS IS KNOWN AS EUTECTIC MIXTURE. • PROPERTIES VOD=113% TNT, BRISANCE =90 % OF RDX. • ADVANTAGE IS THAT THE MIXTURE CAN BE MELT LOADED. • TORPEX :- RDX + TNT + AL AS 42:40:18 • PREPARATION :- IN MOLTEN TNT AT 90 DEGREE CELCIUS ADD MOIST RDX STIRR AND ADD ALUMINIUM • BRISANCE 98 TO 99 % RDX & 122 % OF TNT. VOD=110 % OF TNT. DENSITY 1.8. THIS HAS TREMENDOUS BLAST OR THERMAL EFFECT. • PTX-1 : 30%RDX, 50% TETRYL & 20%TNT • PTX-2 : 41-44% RDX, 26-28% PETN & 28-33% TNT • PVA-4 : 90% RDX, 8% PVA & 2% DBP • RIPE : 85% RDX & 15% GULF CROWN E- OIL • PIPE : 81% PETN & 19% GULF CROWN E - OIL
BINARY EXPLOSIVES • COMPOSIION “A” :- 88.3% RDX + 11.7 % NON-EXPLOSIVE PLASTICISER LIKE WAX • FOR RDX PRESS FILLING. WAX REDUCES F. OF I. OF RDX. IT ALSO ACTS AS PLASTICISER. • PENTOLITE :- 50% PETN + 50% TNT • PETN IS VERY SENSITIVE. IT IS MIXED WITH TNT OR WAX . EQUAL PROPORTION OF PETN & TNT IS USED AS A BURSTING CHARGE FOR GRANADES. IT IS NON HYGROSCOPIC. DRY PENTOLITE HAS NO ACTION ON MILD STEEL, COPPER, BRASS, AL, Zn, BUT 0.5% OF MOISTURE HAS SLIGHT ACTION ON Cu, Zn OR BRASS.
BINARY EXPLOSIVES • PENTOLITE PREPARATION:- PETN IS STORED IN MOIST CONDITION. IT IS PREPARED BY STIRRING PETN SUSPENDED IN WATER.TNT LIQUID AT 90 0 C IS POURED AND OVER COATING OF TNT OVER PETN IS OBTAINED. MOISTURE IS SEPERATED OUT BY HEATING. • PROPERTIES :- VOD 108% OF TNT, BRISANCE 114% OF TNT & POWER 122% OF TNT • Picratol : 52% Picric Acid & 48% TNT • H6 : 45% RDX, 30% TNT, 20% ALUMINIUM & 5% WAX • OCTOL : 75% HMX & 25% TNT
• Explosive/Explo. Comp. • TNT + Wax • RDX/TNT/WAX • • • • • • • •
RDX/TNT/HMX/WAX RDX/WAX Torpex : RDX/TNT/Al Dentex : RDX/TNT/Al RDX/Al/Wax Ammo. Nitrate/TNT CE / TNT (70:30) CE / TNT (30:70)
Application
Armour Piercing Shell Modern steel alloy shell used for HEAT Ammn. HEAT Shell HESH Shell Torpedo warhead Special filling used for War Armour Piercing Shell Bombs & Mines Demolition Charge As Grade Filling
