Free and Forced Convection description, and equations needed.
Free and Forced Convection
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Melta and Vortex Torpedo Markers
rapport sur l'esclavage moderne dans le monde en 2016.Full description
Thermodynamic study of free and forced convection.
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this file consist of different parameters associated with vortex tube and to analyse this numerical and experimental method is used.It's advantage disadvantage and application is also given.Full description
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referenceDescription complète
This document describes the vortex indicator
Forced Convection Experiment
succession
Vortex Breaking
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This slide covers basics of forced vibration, including homogenous and particular solutions of a number of situationsDescription complète
kll
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EXPERIMENT – 6
Free & forced vortices Aim : obtain the surface profiles for a free and forced vortex flow Assumptions : Flow is steady Frictionless Only tangential velocity is present to be zero ( = 0 ).
is there, radial velocity
is assumed
Forced vortex : Theory : In a forced vortex, it can be assumed that all particles have the same angular velocity about the central axis. For a constant speed of rotation, The velocity is given by Where r is the radius of the vortex. For a fluid element rotating in a forced vortex, a centripetal force is acting. From bernoullis equation
,…………..(1)
here the static pressure measured is atmospheric. We can derive,
Where z is the distance between the lowest point on the surface of the vortex and the point at a particular location of radius “r” on the surface of vortex from the axis of rotation.
Measurement of rotational speed( : the rotational speed of the vortex is measured by counting the number of revolutions the paddle ( used to rotate the fluid inside the jar) makes in a time period by using a stop watch.
Free vortex : When water flows out of a vessel through a central hole in the base, a free vortex is formed. In a free vortex, the streamlines are concentric circles and continuity demands that the velocity only varies inversely to the distance from the axis of the rotation.
Here K is the constant Assuming the steady, frictionless flow, we can apply bernoulli’s equation : here c is the constant If the streamline is on the surface of the vortex, the peizometric pressure must be constant( atmospheric). Substituting the equation for the velocity into the above equation yields :
Here
, here the pressure is atmospheric
Which is the equation to a hyperbolic curve which is assymptotic to the axis of rotation and to the horizontal through z= c. For the pitot tubes the velocity is given by: √
Measurement of K : The values of the radius “ r “ at any location of the vortex is calculated by using an adjusting scale and the velocity is calculated by using a pitot tube at that location. Now from equation (3) we can measure the value of K. Observations :
Plot z against
and
for forced and free vortex
Calculate the values of
and K respectively for forced and free vortex.
Discussions : Comment on the graphs plotted. Discuss the reasons for the discrepancies between the experimental and theory.
