EXPERIMENT Heat Balance

EXPERIMENT NO.-01 HEAT BALANCE ON 4 STROKE SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE AIM:-

Preparation of heat balance sheet on single cylinder diesel engine To deter!ine the percentage of heat con"erted into #sef#l $or%& heat carried a$ay by cooling $ater& heat carried a$ay by e'ha#st gases and #nacco#nted loses(.

APPARATUS USED:•

)NI-IN*T+ , stro%e engine& single cylinder horiontal.

•

ial ther!o!eter.

•

Techo!eter.

•

Ther!o!eter.

•

*top$atch.

1( ( ( ,( 2( 3( 4(

THEORY:The e'peri!ental set#p consists of a single cylinder , stro%e diesel engine & to be tested for perfor!ance is connected to rape brea% dr#! $ith spring balance Mechanical dyna!o!eter( $ith e'ha#st gas calori!eter& The arrange!ent is !ade for the follo$ing !eas#re!ent of the set#p/The rate of f#el cons#!pti cons#!ption on is !eas#red !eas#red by #sing #sing the %no$n pipette pipette reading reading against against #sing #sing stop$atch. +ir flo$ is !eas#red !eas#red by !ano!eter !ano!eter connected connected to air base. base. The different different !echanical !echanical loading loading is achie"ed by operating operating the spring balance balance of dyna!o!eter dyna!o!eter in set#ps. The different different !echanical !echanical energy energy is !eas#red !eas#red by spring spring balance balance and radi#s radi#s of bra%e dr#!. dr#!. The engine engine speed rp!( rp!( is !eas#red !eas#red by tacho!eter tacho!eter and %ept %ept constant constant at 200 rp!. rp!. Te!perat#re e!perat#re at different different points points is !eas#red by the the help of ther!o!eter ther!o!eter at "ario#s points. points. 5ate 5aterr flo$ flo$ rate rate thro# thro#gh gh the engin engine e and and calor calori!e i!eter ter is !eas# !eas#re red d by the help help of a %no$ %no$n n capacity.

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PROCEDURE:-

1( 6irst 6irst of all& $e start the engine engine $ith $ith the help of a !an#al rotor rotor after after ens#ring ens#ring if !achine !achine is properly l#bricated or not. ( +fter steady steady state state is reached& reached& $e note note do$n do$n the follo$ing/follo$ing/i( *peed of engine rp!(. ii( ii( The The ti!e ti!e ta% ta%en for for 20!l 20!l of f#el f#el cons# ons#!p !pti tion on.. iii( iii( Ti!e for for 1 set set of of coo cooli ling ng $ater ater colle ollect ctio ion. n. i"( +ir inlet te!perat#re. "( E'ha#st ga gas te te!perat#re. "i( 7ool 7oolin ing g $at $ater er inle inlett and and o#tl o#tlet et te!p te!per erat at#r #re. e. "ii( Mano!eter re reading. ( Once all the the readings readings are ta%en& ta%en& disengage disengage the dyna!o!eter dyna!o!eter after after stopping stopping the engine. engine. ,( +ll abo"e steps steps fro!  to  are repeated repeated for the loads loads 12%g& 0%g 0%g and ,2%g ,2%g respecti"ely respecti"ely.. 2( 6inally& 6inally& $e $e ha"e to prepare prepare a heat balance balance chart chart #sing the the readings readings ta%en. OBSERVATIONS:-

            

Engine speed8200 rp!. No. of cylinder8 1. 7alorific "al#e of f#el8 9000 %:;7 re8,>7.. Pa8 1.012 bar. o82?10 - 7d80.3 ensity of f#el8930




O@*ERA+TION T+@BE NO.-01 Temperatre Temperatre !" #$r#%at$&'Temperatre Temperatre !" #$r#%at$&'Temperatre Temperatre !" e,at (ater )*C+ (ater t! #a%!r$meter)*C+ 'ae )*C+ SL. NO. I&% I&%et temp temp..

Ot%e t%ett tem temp. I&% I&%et tem temp.

Ot% Ot%et et tem temp. I&%et &%et temp temp..

Ot% Ot%et et temp temp..

13

4

13



0

3

13

,

13

3



C

13

3

13

9

,

0

13

9

13

0

2

1

1( ( ( ,(

O@*ERA+TION T+@BE NO.-0 0e% #!&me/ )#m 1+

2ater "%!( rate)3-1m1+

SL. SL. NO.L! NO.L!a/ a/)K )K'+ '+ T$me T$me) )++

1(

0

1C

0e% ta&5 Sp$%%e/ 0$&a% 0%!( $& )m%+ V!%me)m%+ V!%me)m%+ C6%$&/er 20 0 20 12.,?10 -

( (

12

1,0

20

0

20

41.3?10 -

0%!( $& Ca%!r$meter 2.0,?10 -

.1?10 -





CALCULATIONS:-

i(

TorD#e&T/ D + d

T8C.915Reffecti"e N-!& $here R effect. 8

2

F 5Boad(8* 1-*(
No$&Reffect. 8191.210 -G210-(; 810.210 - ! *o& T1 8C.91 0-0( 10.210 - N-! 80 T 8C.91 12-0( 10.210 - N-! 80.012 N-!. T 8C.91 0-0( 10.210 - N-! 80.00 N-!. T, 8C.91 ,2-0( 10.210 - N-! 80.0,23 N-!. ii(

@ra%e Po$er/-

(2 × N × T )

@.P8

@.P18

×

60000

¿

( %5& $here &N 8 Engine speed.

2000(;30&000 %5 80

@.P82000.012(;30&000 %5 84C2.,310 -3 %5. @.P82000.00(;30&000 %5 812C0.C10 -3 %5 @.P,82000.0,23(;30&000 %5 893.,10 -3 %5 iii(

6#el cons#!ption& ! f /!f 8 8 2010 -3ensity f#el(;t 
i"( i"(

Heat Heat ener energy gy a"ai a"aila labl ble e fro fro! ! the the f#el f#el b#rn b#rnt& t&  f J J-





f 8.910-,
Heat Heat ener energy gy eD#i eD#i"a "ale lent nt to o#tp o#tp#t #t po$e po$err& @P /@P [email protected]300 %:;hr. @P1 80300 %:;hr. 80 @P 84C2.,310 -3300 %:;hr.8.93 M:. @P 812C0.C10 -3300 %:;hr.82.4M:. @P 893.,10 -3300 %:;hr.89.2C M:.

"i(

Heat Heat ener energy gy lost lost to engin ngine e coo cooli ling ng $ate $aterr& 75 /75 8!$7$ t$o-t$i( 300 %:;hr 751 8100012.,10 -3,.193 4-13( 300 %:;hr.82.3 M:;hr 75 8100041.310 -3,.193 ,-13( 300 %:;hr.81C.C M:;hr 75 8100093.310 -3,.193 3-13( 300 %:;hr.83.03 M:;hr 75, 810009,.410 -3,.193 9-13( 300 %:;hr.89.0, M:;hr

"ii( "ii(

Heat Heat ener energy gy carr carrie ied d a$ a$ay by e'ha e'ha#s #stt gas gases es& & fg Jfg 8!fg7 tfg-tair ( 300 %:;hr. No$& !ass of fl#e gas&! fg 8!air G! G!f (

5here&! a8K7ddoensity air  gh$;a(1;L;, and a8Pa;RTa 81.01210 2;94C9 81.994
80.01 .01C90




fg 80.019939 .1 0-,( 300 %:;hr.81.,3 M:;hr. fg, 80.019,121 .1 0-,( 300 %:;hr.81.21 M:;hr. "iii(

)nacco#nted hea heat& )N J)N 8f  @PG5Gfg( )N1 84.3 0G2.3G0.9C9( M:;hr 8 1.,4 M:;hr )N 83.33 .93G1C.CG1.12( M:;hr8 1.0C2M:;hr )N 8,3.0 2.4G3.03G1.,3( M:;hr8 1.CC M:;hr )N, 82C.C1 9.2CG9.0,G12.1( M:;hr8 1.2 M:;hr RESULT TABLE

LOAD LOAD )KG+ )KG+ Heat Heat e&er e&er'6 '6 Spp%$e/)M78r+



3?

;.<1

1<.<<

Heat e&er'6 #!&me/ )D$tr$9t$!&+

M78r

Per#e&ta'e

$+Heat e&er'6 e=$>a%e&t t! !tpt p!(er. 



$$+H $$+Hea eatt e&er e&er'6 '6 %!t %!t t! e&'$ e&'$&e &e #!!% #!!%$&  $&' ?' .< (ater.

@3.4

$$$ $$$+Hea +Heatt e&e e&er'6 r'6 #arr #arr$$e/ a(a6 (a6 e,at 'ae. $>+U&a##!&te/ eat

1.

96 te t .e@

3.4;

?.1

$+Heat e&er'6 e=$>a%e&t t! !tpt p!(er. .<

;.

$$+H $$+Hea eatt e&er e&er'6 '6 %!t %!t t! e&'$ e&'$&e &e #!!% #!!%$& 3 $&' @' .1@ (ater.

?.


1.?

96 3te t .1e3?

31.@

$+Heat e&er'6 e=$>a%e&t t! !tpt p!(er. ?.;

1;.@ 3.1







1

4<.

4?

?@.@

$$$+Heat e& e &er'6 #a #arr$e/ e,at 'ae. $>+U&a##!&te/ eat

96 96 3 t t.4e<

3.@@

1

.3

$+Heat e&er'6 e=$>a%e&t t! !tpt p!(er. .?@

34.1

$$+H $$+Hea eatt e&er e&er'6 '6 %!t %!t t! e&'$ e&'$&e &e #!!% #!!%$&  $&' ' .4 (ater.

4<.


.?

PRECAUTION •

Aol#!e of f#el !#st be chec%ed reg#rlarly.

•

@e caref#l of spilled "ol#!e of $ater.

•

Ther!o!eter readings sho#ld be ta%en caref#lly.

•

ont to#ch #nnecessarily the !achine parts. RESULT

a( a(a6

96 3te t .?e13

3.;?

1<.1

EXPERIMENT Heat Balance

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