Exercise 3

ENV20 Introduction to Environmental Engineering 1st Quarter 2017-2018

I.

INDIVIDUAL WORK: Complete the table below. (20 points)

Type of Energy

Environment Exploration

Crude Oil

Hydrosphere

(1) Blow outs and spills from exploratory wells at sea, leading to oil contamination

Human Impacts

Type of Activity Extraction, Transmission production, processing Brine and TANKER drilling chemical ACCIDENTS, disposal LEADING TO OIL Refinery CONTAMINATION effluents Interference with fisheries

Interference with fisheries or land use Disruption of lifestyle during construction

(2)Disruption lifestyle

Natural Gas

Atmosphere

Lithosphere

Coal

(3)Emissions of gas and H2S during an accidental blow out -

Lithosphere

Hydroelectric

Nuclear

Human Impacts

-

Human Impacts

-

Lithosphere

-

Atmosphere

Lithosphere

Natural Gas

Hydrosphere

Human Impacts

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Emission of H2S and hydrocarbons as a results of a blowout Blowouts and spills on hand

(13) Plant emissions to receiving water bodies -

-

DISRUPTION FROM STRIP MINING AND SUBSIDENCE Slag heaps

(4)Construction or pipeline damage to permafrost -

-

(7)Disruptor of life style from lots of land Accidents Tailing contamination ACCIDENTS AND MINELANT EXPLOSIVE MINING HAZARDS (11)Refinery emissions of SO2, H2S, CO2, NOx, and hydrocarbons Blowout and spills Sludge disposal Blowouts drilling Disposal chemicals

Hydrocarbons and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from combustion Emissions of CO2, NOx

-

-

(5) Dumping of mine tailings, processing wastes Disruption of agriculture, forestry Exposure to emissions from combustion and coke ovens -

Transmission lines

(8)Disposal of spent fuel and waste

(9)Accidents during fuel transport

(10)Exposure to wastes terrorism Emissions of SO2 , CO2 and hydrocarbons

Pipeline construction and spills; Damage to permafrost

(12)Used oil disposal

and -

-

of

(14) Disruption of life style

EXERCISE ON ENERGY

Groundwater contamination by leaking tanks

-

(6) Lung disease and mine safety

Human Impacts

Crude Oil

Gas plant emissions of H2S, SO2, and hydrocarbons

Use and disposal

LNG ACCIDENTS Disruption of lifestyle during construction

-

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Coal

Atmosphere

Hydroelectric

Nuclear

-

Human Impacts

-

Hydrosphere

-

Lithosphere

-

Hydrosphere

-

Emission of SO2 and PNAs from processing to gas or liquid fuel Coal dust disposal

-

(6)Lung disease and mine safety (7) Greater demand on water resources (both surface and subsurface) SUBMERGENCE OF LAND, LOSS OF ANIMAL HABITAT Accidents; Leachate from mine tailings ACCIDENTS AND MINELANT EXPLOSIVE MINING HAZARDS

Human Impacts

II.

(15) Increasing release of carbon dioxide, decreased oxygen production, as plant colonies are destroyed Exposure to emissions from combustion and coke ovens -

-

(8) Complete changes due to construction, landscaping -

-

(9)Thermal effects

(10)Accidents during fuel transport

Exposure to wastes TERRORISM

GROUP WORK: Research top 3 energy resources used in the industry or manufacturing process discussed in your case study. Answer the following questions: a.

Graph the share of percentage of the top 3 energy resources.

SHARES

Nuclear energy, 11% Solar energy, 15%

Nuclear fusion, 8% b.

Tabulate the sustainability aspects of choosing the 3 energy sources. Use the table below. ENERGY SOURCE (1)Nuclear fusion

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ECONOMIC

ECOLOGICAL

SOCIAL

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

Very low fuel cost

Commercial power plants will be very expensive to build

Clean energy

Requires extremely high temperatures

Little or no nuclear waste

Unproven (it will take another years of research to explore it on

EXERCISE ON ENERGY

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commercial scale)

c.

(2)Nuclear energy

Low operating cost

High construction costs due to complex radiation containment systems and procedures

Lower carbon dioxide

Waste lasts 200-500 thousand years

Large powergenerating capacity able to meet industrial and city needs

(3)Solar energy

Generation is free. The sun provides the “fuel” to generate power for the home’s electrical system and components

There's high initial cost. A solar power system may still cost tens of thousands of dollars.

It’s clean. Electricity generated by the sun produces no harmful emissions. This reduces the home’s carbon footprint.

An inconsistent fuel source. The sun doesn’t shine brightly 24 hours a day.

Solar energy does generally not cause pollution

High-known risks in an accident. Unknown risks. Target for terrorism (as are all centralized power generation sources). Associated with Pollution. Some manufacturing processes are associated with greenhouse gas emissions. Nitrogen trifluroide and sulfur hexafluoride has been traced back to the production of solar panels.

Based from the sustainability assessment in (b), choose the energy source that will be utilized in your process flow diagram (PFD). SOLAR ENERGY (Process Flow Diagram)

SUN

SOLAR PANEL

CHARGE CONTROLLER

BATTERY SYSTEM

INVERTER

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EXERCISE ON ENERGY

DC POWER

AC POWER

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The difference between failure and success is doing a thing nearly right and doing it exactly right. – Edward C. Simmons

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EXERCISE ON ENERGY

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Exercise 3

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