Estadística Aplicada a La Educación Con Actividades de Aprendizaje_1

con actividades de aprendizaje

DISCRETA CONTINUA

MUESTREO

ESTADÍSTICA

HIPÓTESIS

Jorge Washigton Congacha Aushay 

RIOBAMBA - ECUADOR 2015

Tomo 1

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                                                                                    '#('(#,& -$ #$1/1/# 5( '=0&/0( #,+(&(2 5,% +=',-,% $%'(-.%'/0,% 4$#+(&$0/$#,&

                                                             

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ;& 5( =4,0( +,-$#&(2 5( '=0&/0( 0$&%(5 (-7*/#/9 *& )#(& -$ %(##,55,2 55$)(&-, (

                                                                          0,& ',-, 5, 7*$ %$ $&0*$&'#( -$ (0'/1, 3 -$ $8$0'/1,G2 $&',&0$% 5( ;%'(-.%'/0( %$ ,0*4( -$ 5,% 8$&9+$&,% 7*$ 4*$-$& 8(1,#$0$# , -$8$&-$# 5( 4#,4/$-(- -$5 ;%'(-, 3 ()#$)(C L1MN05<3       !6034N605<3

                                                                       -$ 5( #$0,5$00/9& -$ -(',% 4,# 4(#'$ -$5 ),6/$#&, -$ *& 4(.%2 #$5(0/,&(-,%

                                                              

    )     "      (     %      (      '      &     %     $     "     #     "      !

    )     "      (     %      (      '      &     %     $     "     #     "      !

                    4,# /&8$#$&0/(% 55$)9 /&05*%, ( $%'/+(# 0,& 6*$&( (4#,F/+(0/9& 5( 4,65(0/9& -$

    

                                                                                                                                                                                              ?*/$&$% +<% 0,&'#/6*3$#,& ( %* 4#,)#$%, 3 ( $%'#*0'*#(#5( 0,+, 0/$&0/( 8*$#,&

       

                                    %*% ,6#(%C

%9:;<= ">=?<@AB= C9 ?= #;:D=DA?AC=C E3F3GH8            05<%/0( -$%-$ $5 4*&', -$ 1/%'( +('$+<'/0,2 4#/+$#( -$ 5(% +,-$#&(% '$,#.(%



     

                                                                                                   /&-*0'/1(+$&'$ 3 $%'(65$0$# *&( 6(%$ +('$+<'/0( 4(#( 5( /&8$#$&0/(

                              

                                           3 #$%,51$# 5( (45/0(0/9& -$5 4#/&0/4/, -$ 4#,+$-/,% 3 -$ 5( 1(#/(6/5/-(- ( 5,%

             -,% 0,&0$4',% +('$+<'/0,% 8*&-(+$&'(5$% 4(#( 5( '$,#.( $%'(-.%'/0(H 5( '$,#.(

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C

C

                    ,6%$#1(-(% 4,# 5, )$&$#(5 -$ 5( +*$%'#(2 3 5( -$ $%'(-.%'/0( /&8$#$&0/(5 , /&-*00/9&2

                  

#:D?=BAJ>8                                                                                    -$ 7*$ ( 4$%(# -$ $&0,&'#(#%$ *&( 4,65(0/9& 0,&%'/'*/-( 4,# *& )#*4, -$ $5$+$&',%2

            

!=;=B@9;
    

"(#( 7*$ *&( +*$%'#( %$( #$4#$%$&'('/1( -$ 5( 4,65(0/9& %$ #$7*/$#$ 7*$ 5(%

                         

*I@=C
  

*I@=CC=;A=I8 ;& =%'(% 5,% -(',% %$ ,6'/$&$& -$ 4*65/0(0/,&$%2                  *I@=C
*I@=C@9;>=I -$ *&( /&%'/'*0/9& $-*0('/1( %$ ,#/)/&(& -$ 5,% #$)/%'#,% /&'$#&,%2 '(5$% 0,+, 4#,+$-/,%2 +('#/0*5(%2 4$&%/,&$%2 4$%,%2 $%'('*#(%2

     

*I@=C=I %,& #$)/%'#,% ,#/)/&(-,% 8*$#( -$ 5( /&%'/'*0/9& $-*0('/1(H               #=;PN9@;:I8                    *&( 0(#(0'$#.%'/0( 4,65(0/,&(5 '$&-#< *& %,5, 4(#<+$'#, D+$-/(2 4#,4,#0/9&2

                    

*I@AN=C:; EML>@L=?H8        0,##$%4,&-/$&'$ ( 5( +*$%'#(2 %$ -$&,+/&( $%'/+(-,# 4*&'*(5 , $%'(-.)#(8,

                                     $%'/+(-,# 4,# /&'$#1(5,%2 -$&'#, -$5 0*(5 -$6$#< $%'(# $5 4(#<+$'#, 0,& 0/$#',

            

    )     "      (     %      (      '      &     %     $     "     #     "      !

    )     "      (     %      (      '      &     %     $     "     #     "      !

38Q

OP?Q >C I5 >CF5@LCF945R                                                                 

"

                                   $5 (%4$0', +<% /+4,#'(&'$ -$ =%'( -/%0/45/&( $% 5( ,6'$&0/9& -$ 0,&05*%/,&$% 6(%(-(% $& 5,% -(',% $F4$#/+$&'(5$%2 ( $%'$ 4#,0$-/+/$&', %$ 5, 0,&,0$ 0,&

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                                                         

382

@9U9C9GK @> I5 >CF5@LCF945

"

                     

!6034N605<3 %76<25L05O3 0,&%/%'$ $& 5( 4#$%$&'(0/9& -$ -(',% $& 8,#+( -$ '(65(%                                                           

#712N3 47 M36 *21@3@5M543476  4*$-$ %$# 4$&%(-( 0,+, 5( '$,#.( +('$+<'/0(                 !6034N605<3 '>P727><53M                                    0,&%$0*$&0/(2 5( 0(#(0'$#.%'/0( +<% /+4,#'(&'$ -$5 #$0/$&'$ 0#$0/+/$&', -$

                                           ?= *I@=C
%$                

!6034N605<3 *323;Q025<3R  $& 5( $%'(-.%'/0( 4(#(+='#/0( &*$%'#, /&'$#=% $%                          $%'(65$0$ 0,+, %*4,%/0/9& )$&$#(5 7*$ 5( 4,65(0/9& , 4,65(0/,&$% -$ -,&-$ 4#,1/$&$& 5(% +*$%'#(%2 -$6$& $%'(# -/%'#/6*/-(% &,#+(5+$&'$2 (*&7*$ %$( $&

       

!6034N605<3 .1 *323;Q025<3R $%'*-/( 5(% 4#*$6(% 3 +,-$5,% $%'(-.%'/0,% 0*3(                                                                    &/1$5$% -$ +$-/-(       

    )     "      (     %      (      '      &     %     $     "     #     "      !

38V 

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CF8>:

                                  

(5)*&,% (%4$0',% 4,# 0(-( +=',-,C

                KL9I@;9: M;:D=DA?
KL9I@;9: =?9=@:;A: IANM?98 ;%'$ +=',-, 4$#+/'$ 7*$ 5( %$5$00/9& -$ ',-,% 5,% /&-/1/-*,% , $5$+$&',% 7*$ 0,&%'/'*3$& 5( 4,65(0/9& '$&)( 5( +/%+(

                          %/& #$4,%/0/9&H $& ,'#(% ,0(%/,&$%2 0(-( $5$+$&', 4*$-$ %$# $5$)/-, +<%

                                                                        "(#( 5( (45/0(0/9& -$ $%'(% '(65(% %$ 4#,0$-$ -$ 5( 8,#+( %/)*/$&'$C

                                                                                   

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              +/%+,% %$ -$6$& /&'$#4#$'(# 0*(&-, %$ 4#$%$&'(& %$( -$ 8,#+( $%7*$+<'/0(2

                                                   

e"+ -*+6e&%)"+B                                                                                

                                               F*#*- 6#% ('+'d# 1*#*-%e )* e% '#+&'&6!'d# *)6!%&'(% *# +6 !"#/6#&"g ,%-%          

!%6+%g *&!B                  

'#+&'&6!'"#%e`g ,*)%1d1'!%+ ^'#!')*#!'% )*e +*i" *# *e %,-*#)'.%/*g                       

&-%#+(*-+%e*+ j6* +* !6e&'(%# *# e"+ *+&6)'%#&*+`g *&!B                                   

38Z 

9KU>CF9J549GK >CF5@LCF945

(          -$ 0*(57*/$# 0(+4, -$ 5( 0/$&0/(2 3 %* (45/0(0/9& -$4$&-$#< -$ 5(   )'+,"#'c'e')%) )* e"+ )%&"+ j6* +* %#%e'!*#   3 -$ 5( #%&6-%e*.% )* e"+       

"

              />R9I@AS=BAJ> A>@9;>=8                                             A$&'#, -$ *&( /&%'/'*0/9& %$ ,#/)/&(& *&( %$#/$ -$ 8$&9+$&,%2 0,+, 4,#

                                                                       />R9I@AS=BAJ> 9O@9;>=8                                      $-*0('/1( $& 5( %,0/$-(- 3 $& $%4$0/(5 0,&,0$# 5( '$&-$&0/( -$ 5,% 05/$&'$% D$%'*-/(&'$% B 4(-#$% -$ 8(+/5/(E2 $5 0,+4,#'(+/$&', (0'*( 5 , 8*'*#,2 $& #$5(0/9&

                                  />R9I@AS=BAJ> 9OY=LI@AR=8                                                                                                                               

    )     "      (     %      (      '      &     %     $     "     #     "      !

38F 

$

>F5W5C @> ?K5 9KU>CF9J549GK 

$ #$7*/$#$ *&( /&1$%'/)(0/9& -$ 0(#<0'$# $%'(-.%'/0, 0*(&-, &, %$

                      

4*$-$& 0,&%/-$#(# '#$% 05(%$% -$ ,4$#(0/,&$% , $'(4(% -$ +(&$#( )$&$#(5 $& *&( /&1$%'/)(0/9&C        

3H #?=>9=NA9>@:                                        0/$#',% (%4$0',% 7*$ %$ 4#$%$&'(&2 -,&-$ $5 ,#-$& 3 5( &$0$%/-(- -$ 0(-( *&,

          (D[9@: C9 ?= A>R9I@AS=BAJ>                                               ;& $%'( $'(4( %$ -$6$ 0,&'$%'(# 5,% %/)*/$&'$% /&'$##,)(&'$%C (E >?*= %$ 1( /&1$%'/)(#@

                                                               , -$ (5), -$ /&'$#=% 7*$ %$ 1( /&1$%'/)(#2 7*= '/4, -$ -(',% %$ #$7*$#/#<&2 $5

                    &>AC=C C9 A>R9I@AS=BAJ>               /&1$%'/)(0/9&2 5( 0*(5 4*$-$ %$# *& $%'*-/(&'$2 *& 0*#%,2 *&( /&%'/'*0/9&2 , *&(

                             (-$0*(-( (5 '/4, -$ /&1$%'/)(0/9&2 +$&%*#(65$2 7*$ 4$#+/'( %$# +$-/65$2 3

                  8#$0*$&0/(2 5( &$0$%/-(- -$ $%'(65$0$# ,'#(% *&/-(-$% -$&,+/&(-(%

                        $%'*-/, 4#/&0/4(5 +/$&'#(% 5( 8(+/5/(2 5,% (+/),% -$ =%'$2 %,& 5(% *&/-(-

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                                                       $& (5)*&,% 0(%,% &,                ( )#*4,%2 $& 0(+6/, $& 5( (&(5.'/0( 4$#+/'$ $%'(65$0$# 0/$#'(% 0,+4(#(0/,&

%$       ;& 5( /&1$%'/)(0/9& $F4$#/+$&'(5 $% *&( %/'*(0/9& 4#,1,0(-( 4,# $5 /&1$%'/)(-,#2

                                                        5(6,#(5 -$ 5,% (-+/&/%'#(-,#$% -$ 5( $-*0(0/9& -$ 5( #$)/9& 0$&'#(5 $& $5 %/%'$+( $-*0('/1, $0*(',#/(&,2 /&'$#$%( 5( %/'*(0/9& 8*&-(+$&'(5+$&'$ $& $5 +,+$&',

                        #$%*5'(-,% -$ *& 8$&9+$&, , %/'*(0/9& -(-( -$%4*=% -$ *& -$'$#+/&(-,

                                                -$&'#, -$ 5, 0*(5 %$ *6/0( 5( +(3,#.( -$ 5,% '/4,% -$ /&1$%'/)(0/9& 4#$%$&'(- ,%

           (7*$5 '/4, -$ /&1$%'/)(0/9& $& $5 0*(5 4(#'/0/4(& 5,% /&-/1/-*,% 3 0,+*&/-(- 4(#( %,5*0/,&(# %*% 4#,4/(% &$0$%/-(-$% 3 4#,65$+(%2 $% *&( 8,#+( +,-$#&( -$ /&1$%'/)(# ( '#(1=% -$ *& 4#,0$%, 4$#+(&$&'$ -$ /&'$#(00/9& 3 #$'#,(5/+$&'(0/9&

                                     

*O=N9> C9 ?= C:BLN9>@=BAJ> U N9@:C:?:S<=                                                                     K\@:C: C9 :DI9;R=BAJ>                                                                              0$&%, , +*$%'#(2 -$4$&-$ $&'#$ ,'#,% 8(0',#$%2 -$C

                                           GH +9B:?9BBAJ> C9 C=@:I                               0,%',%(%2 3( 7*$ $5 1(5,# -$ #$0,5$00/9& 0,##$%4,&-$ (5 1(5,# -$5 $&1., 3 #$',#&,

               $&'#$)( 4$#%,&(5 -$5 0*$%'/,&(#/,2 ()#$)<&-,%$ 5( #$-*00/9& -$5 $F'#(1., -$5

                         4#,49%/', )$&$#(5 -$ $%'( /&1$%'/)(0/9&C                         0,&'$%'(0/9& ( -$'$#+/&(-(% 4#$)*&'(%2 -$+,#( $& 5( -$1,5*0/9&2 *%, -$

                                                                                  ;% /&-/#$0'( 0*(&-, 5( '(#$( -$ #$0,5$00/9& 0,&%/%'$ $& 0,##,6,#(# 5,% -(',%

   

    )     "      (     %      (      '      &     %     $     "     #     "      !

                )     "      (     %      (      '      &     %     $     "     #     "      !

3 '$5$1/%/9& 0*(&-, %$ #$7*/$#$ -$'$#+/&(# 5( %/&',&.( $& $5 +,+$&', -$

             "(#( 5( $5(6,#(0/9& -$5 0*$%'/,&(#/, %$ -$6$ 0,&%/-$#(# 5,% %/)*/$&'$% (%4$0',% '=0&/0,%C

                                                          *]*K#'( ,* *5!&*-%" (1M7:51 V5M5032 .1WX Y(1;@3057>076 47 #3L5Y %7L3203;7>01 $<347;5<1 "7<<5=> !6034N605<3 !>
j6* +* '#)'!% *# e% ,-*+*#&* *#!6*+&% !"# e% +*-'*)%) 7 e% 3"#*+&')%) j6* &* !%-%!&*-'.%B 8*!'c*     

CW 

[#7 :/603 M3 P12;3 47 023@3\32 47 0/ V376021]3^_              

  

   

  

EW

[`/7 07 7>6783a3 1 07 43 ;b6 0/ V376021]3^_      

FW

3^ [#c ;376021 273M5a3 L2/7@36 47 27_   @^ +3 L2/7@3 47 27 <2776 0c d/7 76R Pb<5M  



          





>",#7*= @MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 

XW

[#/ V376021 ]3^ 07 e3<7 L3205<5L32 7>
fW

[(1;L27>476 M36 7gLM5<3<51>76 d/7 07 43 0/ V376021]3^ 7> 7M 3/M3_   

hW

[`/Q 657>076 41 >1 L/7476 273M5a32 0/6 032736 76<1M3276_   

iW

 

?73M5a36 M36 032736 d/7 07 7>O53 0/ V376021]3^ 7> <363R   ",#7*$ %,&C

 

 

 

CUW

[+1 d/7 0c 45<76 1 e3<76 7>
CCW

[`/Q ;307253]6^ ;36 07 :/603]>^_ jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj

CDWA

[%7639/>16 3>076 47 O7>52 3 M3 !6
 

>",#7*$@MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM 

           *27:/>036 <7223436W  ;& $%'(% $5 /&8,#+(&'$ '$&-#< 5(% 4,%/6/5/-(-$% (5     3^ [#/ ;376021 ]3^ 07 e3<7 L3205<5L32 7>




@^ [ %7639/>36 3>076 47 O7>52 3 M3 !6


                   *27:/>036 3@572036W                                          *27:/>036 47 <1>021MW              QH ">P?AIAI C9 C=@:I EA>^:;N=BAJ>H                      $%'( $'(4( %,&C 

                                                                                              [#c ;376021 273M5a3 L2/7@36 47 27 _ 

 

  

          +3 L2/7@3 47 27 <2776 0c d/7 76R     

 



 



 

    )     "      (     %      (      '      &     %     $     "     #     "      !

    )     "      (     %      (      '      &     %     $     "     #     "      !

                                                          $&0*$%'(-,#$% 0,&%/-$#(-,% 0,+, 5,% (4',% , +$'/0*5,%,% 3 7*$ $5 0#.'/0, 4*$-$ %*6%(&(# -/#$0'(+$&'$ , 4/-/$&-, (5 $&'#$1/%'(-,# 7*$ 1*$51( ( 5(

   %=DL?=BAJ> "*$-$ %$# +(&*(52 +$0<&/0( , -/)/'(5 3 %* $5$00/9& -$4$&-$#
                                                             ">P?AIAI 9 A>@9;M;9@=BAJ> ;%'( $'(4( %$ 4*$-$ 0,&%/-$#(# 0,+, 5( +<% /+4,#'(&'$ 7*$ '/$&$ $5 /&8,#+$2

                           4#,0$%, -$ (&<5/%/% D(45/0(0/9& -$ 5(% '=0&/0(% -$ 5( $%'(-.%'/0( -$%0#/4'/1(

                         ;& $%'$ 4#,0$%, %$ -$6$ 0,&%/-$#(# 5( $5(6,#(0/9& -$ -/%'#/6*0/,&$% , '(65(%

                                 (45/0(0/9& -$ 5(% -/8$#$&'$% +$-/-(% $%'(-.%'/0(%C -$ '$&-$&0/( 0$&'#(52 -$

                                                              

;%',% -,% (%4$0',% 4$#+/'/#<& -$'$#+/&(# $5 )#(-, -$ 0,&%/%'$&0/( 3

                      *&( 4,%/65$ )*.( -$5 (&<5/%/%2 %*)/#/$&-, 5,% %/)*/$&'$% 4*&',%C

38 %<@L?:X (E >;% 05(#, 3 0,&0/%,@ 6E >J, 4#,+$'$ +<% -$ 5, 7*$ $5 $%'*-/, 4*$-$ 4#,4,#0/,&(#@

G8 *? M;:D?9N=X       6E >;%'< 6/$& -$5/+/'(-,@

                              Q8 +9RAIAJ> C9 ?= DAD?A:S;=^<= ;9?=BA:>=C=X (E >;% -$ (+45/'*- (-$0*(-(@

                28 #;:B9CANA9>@:I L@A?A_=C:I8        

                                          

V8 ">P?AIAI 9 A>@9;M;9@=BAJ> C9 C=@:I          6E >;% 0,&0/%( 3 05(#( 5( $F4,%/0/9& -$5 '$F',@ 0E >;% 59)/0, 3 4$#0$4'/65$ $5 (&<5/%/% -$ 5(% #$5(0/,&$% -$ -(',%@

        78 +9ILN9> U B:>B?LIA:>9IX     

                            0,&05*%/,&$%@

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              55$)(# ( 5(% 4$#%,&(% /&'$#$%(-(% $5 #$%*5'(-, ','(5 -$5 $%'*-/,2 '$&/$&-, $& 0*$&'( ',-,% 5,% (%4$0',% 0,&%/-$#(-,% $& $5 4#,0$%,2 $& '(5 8,#+( 7*$ 5,%

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                                                                             )E   

           $& -,&-$ %$ /&05*3$& 0*(-#,% +<% )$&$#(5$% 7*$ 4$#+/'$& (05(#(# ,

     

380

>C45I5C : K9U>I>C @> <>@9@5 /56(+K"!/W5 !&"'/%"%/1"

=H *IB=?= 5:NA>=?8`   ;% 5( $%0(5( +<% -=6/5 $& 0*(&', ( 5( /&8,#+(0/9& 7*$                                                                                DH *IB=?= (;CA>=?8` ;& $%'$ &/1$52 5(% *&/-(-$% -$ 5,% )#*4,% )*(#-(& 0/$#'(                                                                              /56(+K"!/W5 !&"5%/%"%/1" =H *IB=?= C9 />@9;R=?:8`                                                                          (7*. $5 &,+6#$ -$ $%0(5(% -$ /&'$#1(5,E2 5(% -/%'(&0/(% , N/&'$#1(5,%O -$ /)*(5

                                                                                $%0(5(% -$ /&'$#1(5, %,& $7*/1(5$&'$% ( '$#+9+$'#,%2 $& 5,% 7*$ $5 1(5,# 0$#,

      

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