n o o i i t a s s i o v o r p m m I d n a e e l y y S t z z a J o r t e e i n n e l f o d o h h t e y M i k k e S M e v v i B s n e h e p r e m o C A
From the trusted ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS family of band methods, ES ESSE SENT NTIA IAL L ELEMENTS FOR JAZZ ENSEMBLE offers an exciting way to introduce young players to the world of jazz. Specifically designed to teach jazz basics to students with 1 or 2 years playing experience.
DIRECTOR’S INFORMATION GUIDE
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS FOR JAZZ ENSEMBLE A COMPRE COMPREHENSIVE HENSIVE METHO METHOD D FOR F OR JAZZ STYLE AND IMPROV IMPROVISA ISATION TION
By MIKE STEINEL jazz! WELCOME to the exciting world of jazz!
This book will help help you get started by introducing introducing
the important elements of jazz style and improvisation. improvisation. Yo You’ll u’ll also learn basic jazz theory and some highlights of the history of jazz.
The exercises and compositions in this book can be played by a full jazz ensemble, or individually individually with the CD. Listening to good jazz players is an extremely important way to learn, and playing along with the CD is an excellent way to hear hear how jazz is played. played. The full band arrangements arrangements in this book include “sample” “sample”improvised improvised solos for study and reference. And remember…have fun playing jazz!
ABOUT THE AUTHOR Mike Steinel is an internationally recognized recognized jazz artist and educator. educator. He has recorded with the Frank Mantooth Orchestra and the Chicago Jazz Quintet, and performed with a wide variety of jazz greats including Clark Terry, Terry, Jerry Bergonzi, Bill Evans, and Don Ellis. Since 1987, he has been a member of the jazz faculty at the University of North Texas where he teaches jazz improvisation and jazz pedagog pedagogy. y. He is the author author of Building A Jazz Vocabulary (a jazz text) and numerous compositions for jazz ensemble. The University of North Texas pioneered jazz education education when it instituted the first jazz degree program in 1947. Its flagship ensemble, ensemble, the One O’clock O’clock Lab Band has toured four four continents and has been the recipient of of four Grammy Grammy nominations. nominations. Throughout its history, UNT has produced a host of fine jazz talent. Alumni of the program can be found in all facets of jazz and commercial music.
Managing Editor:
MICHAEL SWEENEY
Copyright © 2000 by HAL LEONARD CORPORATION International Copyright Secured All Rights Reserved
4
THE BASICS OF JAZZ STYLE Attacks and Releases
Traditional
& ˙ .
In traditional music (Concert Band and Orchestra) you use a “Tah”articulation to begin a note and taper the note at the end.
Jazz
& ˙ .
Œ
Tah
In jazz it is common to use a “Doo”attack (soft and legato) to begin a note. It is also common to end the note with the tongue. This “tonguestop” gives the music a rhythmic feeling.
Œ
Doo - - - it it
1. ATT ATTACKS ACKS AND RELEASES
& 44 w
Traditional
Jazz
œJ ‰
Tah
Œ
w
Ó
œJ ‰
Œ
.
Ó
Doo - - - - - - - - - - it
Accenting “2 and 4”
Traditional
Jazz
> œ œ> œ œ &
For most traditional music the important beats in 4/4 time are 1 and 3. In jazz,however, jazz,however, the emphasis emphasis is usually usually on beats 2 and 4. Emphasizing “2 and 4”gives the music a jazz jazz feeling.
1
2
3
> œ œ> œ œ &
4
1
2
3
4
2. ACCENTING 2 AND 4 Traditional
> œ œ> œ 4 œ &4
Jazz
œ> œ œ> œ
œ œ> œ œ> œ œ> œ œ> . œ -œ Playing Doo and Bah (Full Value Notes) œ> In jazz, notes marked with a dash (tenuto) or an accent are played full full value with a soft legato articulation. articulation. The scat (vocal) syllables syllables “Doo”and “Bah” “Bah” will help you hear the sound sound of these articulations. Remember in jazz it is important to play full value notes with a legato articulation.
Œ Ó
Tenuto (full value)
Long Accent (full value, accented)
Doo
Bah
Note: The “Bah” “Bah” articulation is used only when vocalizing the scat syllables.“ Bah”helps demonstrate the appropriate amount of accent. When articulating on your instrument use the syllable “Dah.”
3. DOO AND BAH Traditional
4 ˙>
&4
Tah
˙>
œ> œ ˙>
Tah
Tah
Tah
Jazz
Tah
œ œ> ˙
˙
˙
Doo
D oo
Do o
Bah
4. DIT AND DOT
& 44 œ.
œ.
Traditional
Tah
Œ
Tah
œ. œ. œ.
Œ
Tah
Tah
œ.
Œ
Tah
Œ
Dit
Doo
-˙
-œ œ> -œ œ> œ.
Doo
Do o
Bah
Do o
Bah
Dit
Œ
Dit
5. DOO, BAH, DIT, AND DOT
& 44 ˙ -
œ.
Jazz
Œ
œ. Dit
Doo - - - - it it
Staccato (short, unaccented)
Roof Top Accent (short, accented)
Dit
Dot
œ. ^œ œ. ^œ . ^œ Dot
Dit
Dot
Dot
Dit
Dot
Œ
Ó
Œ
Ó
Dot
œ. ^œ œ. ^œ . ^œ Dit
Œ
^œ
Dit
Œ
D oo
œ
œ.
Playing Dit and Dot (Short or Detached Notes) In jazz, notes marked with a staccato or a roof top accent accent are about half of full value. The scat syllables “Dit” and “Dot” will help you hear the sound of these articulations.
. ˙
Dot
5
Swing 8th Notes Sound Different Than They Look In swing, the 2nd 8th note of each beat is actually played like the last third of a triplet, and slightly accented. 8th notes in swing style are usually usually played legato.
6. SWING 8TH NOTES
& 44 œ.
œ. œ. œ. œ.
Traditional
œ. œ. œ. œ. œ.
Œ
Tah Tah Tah Tah Tah
Quarter notes in swing style are usually played detached (staccato) with accents on beats 2 and 4.
7. QUARTERS AND 8THS
Dit
Dot
Œ
Dit
Doo Bah Doo Bah Dot
& 44 œ.
Dit
^
^
^
œ œ. œ -œ >œ -œ œ
Dot
Dit
Important Tip:
Dot
Dit
Dit
Dot
Œ
^
Doo Bah Doo Bah
Ó
Doo Bah Doo Dot
-œ
œ.
œ>
^œ
Tenuto (full value)
Staccato (short, unaccented)
Long Accent (full value, accented)
Roof Top Accent (short, accented)
Doo
Dit
Bah
Dot
Staccato
Legato
^œ œ. ^œ -œ œ> -œ œ> -œ œ> -œ œ> . œ & Dit
Dot
Dit
Dot
.
Doo Bah Doo Bah Dot
œ. œ -œ >œ -œ >œ -œ >œ -œ œ
Dit
Dot
Notes at the ends of phrases are usually played short and accented.
These are the four basic articulations in jazz and the related scat syllables for each.
Quarter notes in swing style jazz are usually played staccato.
Dot
Dot
-œ œ> -œ œ> œ
Œ
^
Ó
Doo Bah Doo Dot
Jazz Articulation Articula tion Review
Quarter Notes
Dit
.
^œ œ. ^œ . œ &
=
œ. œ œ.
Œ
Œ
Doo Bah Doo Bah Dot
Dit
-œ œ> -œ œ> œ
8. MORE QUARTERS AND 8THS
-œ œ> -œ œ> ^œ
Œ
Doo Bah Doo Bah Dot
&œ œ œ œ
Quarter Notes
œ œ.
-œ œ> -œ œ> ^œ
Œ
3
or
Sing the scat syllables of each exercise before you play it. Jazz
Tah Tah Tah Tah Tah
& 44 œ.
œ œ = œ œ >œ œ >œj 3
Doo Bah Doo Bah Doo Bah Doo Bah
Swing 8th Notes 8th notes in swing style jazz are usually played legato.
.
