EQUIPOS-DE-COMUNICACION.docx

DISEÑO DE REDES IBM TIVOLI EQUIPOS DE COMUNICACION ING. NARRO ANDRADE Manuel

VEGA NOLASCO Elvis

UNIVERSIDAD ALAS PERUANAS

SETIEMBRE DEL 20!

INDICE 1

INTRODUCCION

3

ROUTER FUNCIONES  ALGORITMO DE ENRUTAMIENTO CARACTERISTICAS CONFIGURACION DE ROUTER

4 4 4 4 5

SWITCH FUNCION INTRODUCCIÓN AL FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LOS CONMUTADORES BUCLES DE RED E INUNDACIONES DE TRÁFICO CLASIFICACIÓN DE SWITCHES STORE-AND-FORWARD CUT-THROUGH  ADAPTATIVE CUT-THROUGH SWITCHES DE CAPA 2 O LAYER 2 SWITCHES SWITCHES DE CAPA 3 O LAYER 3 SWITCHES DENTRO DE LOS SWITCHES CAPA 3 TENEMOS! PA"UETE-POR-PA"UETE #PAC$ET BY PAC$ET% LAYER-3 CUT-THROUGH SWITCHES DE CAPA 4 O LAYER 4 SWITCHES CARACTER'STICAS!

6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7      & &

HUB FUNCION CARACTERISTICAS PARTES DE UN HUB

() () () ((

 ACCESS POINT CARACTERISTICAS

(2 (2

BRIDGE #PUENTE% CLASIFICACIÓN DE PUENTES BRIDGES FRENTE A SWITCHES BRIDGES FRENTE A HUBS BRIDGES FRENTE A ROUTERS VENTA*AS DESVENTA*AS

(3 (3 (4 (4 (4 (4 (4

GATEWAY #COMPUERTA% TIPOS GATEWAY AS'NCRONO GATEWAY SNA GATEWAY TCP+IP VENTA*AS DESVENTA*AS

(5 (5 (5 (5 (5 (5 (5

CONCLUSIONES RECOMENDACIONES BIBLIOGRAFIA

(6 (7 (

INTRODUCCIÓN 2

S, ./.01 0 .,.0.  /08 0 89:0 1 ; <0;0  0 0=,0,> . ; 0?0; 90.;  0 ,,01 0.@; . 0 0=0,.0. . ; /0 =00 =001 .,;01 ;8/, ?.;; .,;=;,8,?;  ;,;80;  / 0 =,8,. 8 /0  ,80,>   81 / 0 = . ;8 ; 0; .; . /,0,> E /; @<,8; ; ,=80 0 .,0, ,/0< ;,;80;  /,=; <0;0.;   /; . 0; .; . /,0,>   1 ;8089,0; =00 0 ,8./,> . ;80; 89:0; ,?0.0; / .=.  90 .,.0 . 90.  / 0 0 ;,. .,0.; 1 0;:  0 ,0;8/8/0 . ;?,,; / .0.0 0 ;,.0. / 0 08/0,.0. ; 0=0  ;80;1 0; /0;  =;80 / 08 ,=808  .,?;0; @0;  0 ;9/,.0.1  ,1 0 ,./;8,01 ; ;?,,; . ;0/.1  88,,81  80;=81 0 ./0,>   901  0; /0; 08,?,.0.; . / =0:;

EQUIPOS DE COMUNICACIONES 3

ROUTER F/,;! J R/8! /0.  90 / =0/8 =.8 . I881  .,,9 0,0 0 ,80 .;8, =  0, ;=.,81 ; .,1 ; 0=0 . 0,0 =0/8; IP J M>. ADSL! ./0 0; ;0; ?,0.0; .;. 0 . 0 =00 / =/.0 80;,8,; = 0 :0 ADSL1 ./0 0; ;0; ,<,.0; = K;80 =00 / ; /,=; . 0 LAN =/.0 ,8=80; D 1 ,;8 ,9/0,; 0.0; = / >. ADSL1 / R/8 / 0 0 ,;0 /,> / / R/8 ADSL J P/8 . 0; ,;;! 09/; /8 ADSL =,8 0 /,0,> ?:0 W,;; #;, 0<;%  ; /,=; . 0 . 0  A9,8; . /80,8 E,;8 .; 8,=; . 09,8; . /80,8 =,,=0;! J L; /8; . 8,= ?8 . .,;80,0; 90 /0 80<0 . /80,8 / 0/0  ;8 # 8K,; .  . ;08;% . 0.0 /80  .;=/K; ?:0 ;80 80<0 0 ; /8; 0; P00 0.0 ;,,8/. . ,>  /8 ,9 0 /80 ; ;8;0 J L; /8; . 8,= ;80. . 0 ;/0 8,/08 0 . =00 =. ,.8,,0 ; .,8; 8; / 0 .0 C ;80 ,0,>1 0.0 /8 0/0 0 /80 @; 80 # 8,=% 0 ; /8; 0;  ?:0 ;80 ,0,>  0 . =0/8; . 08/0,0,> F,081 0.0 /8 ,0 ;/ 80<0 . /80,8 0/0. 0; /80; @; 80; 0,0 8; /8; #.,08  09,8 . D,;80% CARACTER'STICAS! J

S 80 @,8 0 PC ?:0 E88

J

H0;80  M<=; . / 8081 ( M<=; . / ;0,8

J IP

P,8 0 8,=; /;/0,; =08, /0 ;0 ,> ADSL  /0 .,,> WAN

J

S?,. ,890. LAN DHCP

J

S?,. DNS ,890.  K

J S,;80 =08,? ,.=.,8 #/,0 ! W,.; &51 &1 NT1 M0 OS1 U,1 L,/% J

S,= 08,?0. #=80.%  = 00,> #PPP%

J

P900 . ,,, @=,. <0;0.  0?90. 

J

F,0 . ;80 08/0,0<

J

V . .08; ;,/8@;  /0 ;0 :0 . 8K

CONFIGURACION DEL ROUTER

4

P00 ,9/0  /8 .<; 80  ;/ =0 . ,9/0,> (Q- N;,80; / .0.  / 0?90.1 0;  0 <00 . .,,> 0 .,,> / 80 = .8  R/8 88=!++(&2(6(23254+  80;  0 ,9/0,> G08 8, / < . /;/0,  =0;;. = .8 / ; =,8 80 S,  ; ;  =.; 0<,0 ;/ ,9/0,> 2Q- C/0. 80; ; /;80  ;80. . 0 ,9/0,> 08/0 D<; .,,0 0/; ?0; /  ;0 0./0.; =00 /;80; ;,.0.; 3Q- B/;0; 0 ,9/0,> . DHCP ;?   0<,,80; ;,  .;0;  .;0<,,80; T0<,K =.; ,9/0  09 . .,,; / ?0 0 ;/,,;80  R/8 Y  000; #S0?% 4Q- A 8,/0,> .,,0; 0 .,,> IP . 0 LAN  ,9/0;  8,= . 0 WAN1 .,@,0  ;8@8,0 #908 ; .,@,0% S, /; /  /8 ;=.0 0 / .,,   ;0/ 0; =8,,; /0 /0. 0.0; 0 K1 .<; ,9/0  < . .,, Y  000; #S0?%1  ,,,0;  /8 O S, 0<,0;  ?0 . 0 IP . /8 8.; / ,,,0  .0. =00 =. 80   /8 . /?1   =8@  .0.  /8 0 0 ,;0 .

SWITCH 5

U /80.  S,8 ; / .,;=;,8,? .,9,80 . >9,0 . ,8,> . .; . =/80.; / =0  0 0=0 2 #,? . 0 . .08;% . . OSI S/ /,> ; ,880 .;  @; ;98; . .1 . 00 ;,,0 0 ; =/8; #<,.9;%1 =0;0. .08; . / ;98 0 8 . 0/.  0 .,,> MAC . .;8, . 0; 800;  0 . L; /80.; ; /8,,0 /0. ; .;0 80 8,=; .;1 /;,@.0;  /0 ;0 A ,9/0 / ; =/8;1 .0. / /,0  / ,8  0 .1 0  .,,8  0 ;9/,.0. . 0; R. . Á0 L0 FUNCIÓN! I880 .;  @; ;98; . .1 /,0. . 00 ;,,0 0 ; =/8; #<,.9;%1 =0;0. .08; . / ;98 0 81 . 0/.  0 .,,> MAC . .;8, . ; .08; . 0 80;,;,> . ?,.0.  0 . L; =/8; #<,.9;%  /80.; #S,8% =/. 80; /; 0 ; 8; = ;,= 0 / 0 . 0 / ,;80 / , 0, 8 .; =/8; . 0 . E 0; .  ;9/, ;80 901 ; 0 /  ,,,80 . 800; . / ;98 0 8 G08 ;8; .,;=;,8,?; /8,,0  09,8 . ;=,,9 80 =00 ?,80  . .08; . 0 ;9/0 INTRODUCCIÓN AL FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LOS CONMUTADORES L; /80.; =; 0 0=0,.0. . 0=.  000 0; .,,; . . . ,? 2 #.,,; MAC% . ; .,;=;,8,?; 000<; 0 80?K; . 0.0 / . ;/; =/8; P =1 / /,= 80. .,808 0 / =/8 . / /80. =?0 /  /80. 00 ;/ .,,> MAC E;8 =,8 /1 0 .,,0 . ; 80.;  /<1 0 ,0,> .,,9,.0 0 / .,;=;,8,? ?00 .;.  =/8 ,9 0 =/8 . .;8, E  0; . 80 .; /80.;  / /80.  / 80.1 0.0 /80. 0=.@ 0; .,,; MAC . ; .,;=;,8,?; 0;,<; = ;/; =/8;1 =  808   =/8 . ,8,> ; 000 0; MAC . ; .,;=;,8,?; . 8 /80. BUCLES DE RED E INUNDACIONES DE TRÁFICO C 08,8 ; 80<01 / . ; =/8; :8,; . ;8; /,=; ; ;
CLASIFICACIÓN DE SWITCHES 6

Store-and-Forward

L; S,8 S8-0.-F0. 9/0.0 0.0 800  /  0,0  =/8 . ;0,.0 M,80; 0 800 ;8@  
L; S,8; C/8-T/9 / .,;0.; =00 ./, ;80 08,0 E;; S,8 ,,,0  .0 . ;> ; 6 =,; <8; . .08; . 0 8001 / 8, 0 .,,> . .;8, MAC1  ,.,0808 0 0,0 E =<0 . ;8 8,= . S,8 ; /  .880 800; /=80; 0/;0.0; = ,;,; #,.;  /8;%1 , ; . CRC C/08 0 ;0   . ,;,;  0 .1 0 ;@  0 . <0.0 / ;/ 0 0,0 800; /=80; E,;8 / ;9/. 8,= . S,8 /8-8/91 ; .,0.; 098 1 / =80. =00 ,,0 ;8 =<0 E S,8 ;,=  ; =,; 64 <8; . 0.0 8001 0;9/0. / 890 =  ;  800 :,1  ?,80.  0,0,8 . /8; = 0 . Adaptat!e Cut-Through

L; S,8 / =;0 800;   . 0.0=808,? ;=80 808 ;8-0.-0.  /8-8/9 C/0/,0 . ; .; =/. ; 08,?0. =  0.,,;80. . 0 .1   S,8 =/. ;  <0;808 ,8,98  =00 ;9 8 ; .; K8.;1 <0;0.    . 800;   / =0;0 = ; =/8; C/0.   . 800; /=80; 000 / ,8 ,?1  S,8 =/. 0<,0 . . /8-8/9 0 ;8-0.-0.1 ??,. 0 . 08, /0. 0 . ; 0, L; S,8 /8-8/9 ; @; /8,,0.;  =/; 9/=; . 80<0  =/; .=0808; E ;0; 0=,0,; ; ;0, /  . 0; ;/<-.;!

Swt"he# de Capa $ o %a&er $ Swt"he# 7

S ; S,8 80.,,0;1 / /,0  =/8; /8,-=/8; S/ =,,=0 ,0,.0. ; .,?,., /0 LAN  8,=; .,,; . ,;,>1   ; 0;; . 0; .;  0,1 ;980 0 LAN  .,?;; 0,; B0;0 ;/ .,;,> . ?:  0 .,,> MAC .;8, / 8, 0.0 800 L; S,8 . ,? 2 =;,<,,80 8,=; 80; ,;,; ;,/8@0; ;, ,8,  80; ;/<.; L; S,8 . 0=0 2  ;,9/1 ;, <091 ,80 .,/;,;  <0.0;8;1 /8,0;8; #  0;  / @; . /0 ;/<-. 890 0; ;80,; =8,8; 0 9/= /8,0;8 . .;8,%1 , 800; / .;8, 0  00 ;,. ,/,.  0 80<0 . .,,0,8 Swt"he# de Capa ' o %a&er ' Swt"he#

S ; S,8 /1 0.@; . 0; /,; 80.,,0; . 0 0=0 21 ,=0 09/0; /,; . /80,8  /8,91  = = 0 .8,0,> . 0, <0;0.  ,0,; . 0=0 . . #0=0 3 . . OSI%1 ?0,.0,> . 0 ,89,.0. . 0<0. . 0 0=0 3 = ;/  ;=8 0 ; =8; . /8,9 80.,,0; #RIP1 OSPF1 8% L; S,8 . 0=0 3 ;=80 80<,K 0 .,,,> . .; ?,8/0; #VLAN;%1  ;9 .; =;,<,,80 0 /,0,> 8 0; .,?;0; VLAN; ;, 0 ;,.0. . /8,,0 / /8 8 P =,8, 0 /,> . ;98; . .,8; .,,; . .,/;,>  <0.0;81 ; S,8 . 0=0 3 ; =08,/08 .0.; =00 0 ;980,> . .; LAN / 90.;1 .. 0 ;,= /8,,0,> . S,8 . 0=0 2 =?0:0 /0 =K.,.0 . .,,8  ,,,0 . 0 LAN1 .<,. 0 0 08,.0. ;,?0 . <0.0;8; S =/. 0,0 / 0 ,=80,> 8:=,0 . / S,8 . 0=0 3 ; @; ;00< / / /81 =/; K;8 8, /8,,0 0; 8K,0; .  /80,8 0 ,? 3  0,0,8 0 ,? 2  =8;1 ,80; / ; S,8 ;<= 0 /,> . /80,8 ,0 . 0,0,81 0=,0.  =, .. ;0 ;0, D8 . ; S,8; C0=0 3 8;! Pa(uete-por-Pa(uete )Pa"*et +& Pa"*et,

B@;,081 / S,8 P08 B P08 ; / 0; ;=,0 . S,8 S8-0.-F0. =/;1 0 ,9/0 / K;8;1 0001 0,0  =0/81 0/0.  CRC1 ..,,0. 0 0<0 . 0 0=0 . . =00 .,, ;/ /80 0 80?K; . =8 . /80,8 0.=80. %a&er-' Cut-through

U S,8 L0 3 C/8-T/9 # /.,  S,8 C/8-T/9%1 0,0 ; =,; 0=;1 .8,0 0 .,,> . .;8, #0 80?K; . 0 ,0,> . ; 0.;  0<0; . 0=0 2  3%1 0 =08, . ; ,;8081 ;80< /0 ,> =/8 0 =/8 #0 ,? 2% =00 ;9/, /0 080 80;0 . 80;,0 . =0/8; C0.0 0<,08 8, ;/ .,; ==, =00 =;,<,,80 0 ,.8,,0,> 80 . ; /; . .08; C =1 8;  IP S,8,9 . I=;,1  S/F0;8 V,8/0 N8,9 . C0<81  F0;8 IP . 3C E , =8 0.=80.  / ;8@.0 . 1 ,=80. = .,?;; 0<,08;1 ;  MPOA #M/8, P8 O? ATM% E MPOA1  .;. . ;/ =<0.0 ,,,01 ; =  <0;808 0 . ,=801 ,,80.  /08 0 <0<; ATM

8

 A.@;1 / S,8 L0 3 C/8-T/91 0 =08, . 8  / 0 ,> =/8 0 =/8 ; ;80<,.01 =.@ /,0   . S8-0.-F0.  C/8-T/9

Swt"he# de Capa  o %a&er  Swt"he#

E;8@   0. 0 = 8,=1 0 /0 8?;,0  0,>  0 0./0.0 0;,,0,> . ;8; /,=; M/0; ?; ; 00.; . L0 3 #L0 3 P/;% B@;,081 ,=0 0 0; /,0,.0.; . / S,8 . 0=0 3 0 0<,,.0. . ,=80 0 =:8,0;1 ,8; 0 =08, . ,0,; . 0=0 4  ;/=,;1  =/8; TCP+UDP1 SNMP1 FTP1 8

CARACTER'STICAS! J

P,8 0 ,> . .,;8,80; .; . @0 0 #LAN%

J

S 090 . ;08 .8,0  .;8, . ; .08; C/8 - T/98

J S, 8, 0 /,> . B,.9 ,890.1 /8,,0  . S8-A.-F0.  =  808 ; 090 . 08/0  ,8; 00,0. ; .08; J

I880 0; .; = ., . 0<;

J

S ; /80 08/08  / H/< ,890.

J

C/80  ?0,; =/8; R*45 ,890.;1 .;. 41 1 (6  0;80 32

J P,8 0 90,> . 0 ;0  ; =08,<;  0 0:0 . ; ;,;80; =08,?; . .

HU. E /< ; / .,;=;,8,? / 8, 0 /,> . ,880 0; =/80.0; . /0 . 0 S/ /,0,8 ; @; ;,= =00.   S,8   /8! 9

E /< ,< .08; =.8; . /0 =/80.01 ; 80;,8 0 ; .@; E  8  / ;8 /1 ,9/0 80 /80.0 =/. ?,0 /0 ;0 S/ ,<0,> ;/9 .;=/K; / 0 ;0 08, 00 ;,. =808 .,;8, S /8,,0 =00 ,=80 .; . 8=9:0 ;80  0=,0,> . 0 . LAN U H/<1 = 8081 080 ;>   ,? :;,  0=0 ( . . OSI FUNCION! U .,;=;,8,? =00 =08, /0 . . .08;  . =/8; USB . / .0. CARACTERISTICAS! E HUB 8, ;/ =/8 80 / 80 0 ; .@; .,;=;,8,?;  8, /0 90 0=0,.0. =00 =0., ;/ .,;80,0  P,8 80 8.0; 0; ;80,; . 80<0 #/,=; ,8;%  T0<,K =/. 9;8,0 ; /;; =08,.; 0,0 ; /,=; ,8;  C/80  ?0,; =/8; R*45 ,890.;1 .;. 41 1 (6  0;80 32  S ;0,; =00 0 0; .; 8,= ;80 #8.0; 0; ,; . 0; =/80.0; ; 80  / ; .,;=;,8,?%  P,8 0 =8,,> . 0 ;0  ; =08,<;  0 0:0 . ; ;,;80; =08,?; . .  T, /0 /,>  0 /0 =/. ; ,880.; 8 ;:1 =/.,K.; 80 0 8; H/  0;0.0%1 = ., . 8, =/8 R*45

 C 0; ?,.0.; 08/0; . 0; .; LAN #()+())+()))%   0 . <0.0 . ; 0; 0 I88 #( M<=; 0;80 2)) M<=;%1  ; .< /8,,0 =00 =08, 0 ;0  0 .1 0 / ; =/. .0  0; . 8,0 8.0 0 .

10

PARTES DE UN HUB I808 /80  8.; ; ,/,8; 8>,; ;0,; =00 =8, 0 ;0 / ,< . 0; ;80,; . 80<0 0;:  =00 9;8,0 ; /;; =08,.;1 808 /80  0; ;,9/,8; =08;! (- C/<,80! ; 090 . =89 ; ,/,8; ,8;  .0 ;8K8,0 0 =./8 2- I.,0.;! =,8 ?,;/0,0 0 08,?,.0.  0 . 3- P/8 BNC! =,8 /,0,>  .; TR,9 =00 0< 0,0 4- P0 . =/8; R*45 <0! =,8 0 ,> . 8,=; 8,0; = ., . 0< UTP  8; R*45 0 5- C8 DC! ,< 0 ,8 K8,0 .;. / 0.0=80. AC+DC ;0,0 =00 ;/ /,0,8

ACCESS POINT )AP,

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U =/8 . 0; ,0@<, #WAP  AP = ;/; ;,90;  ,9K;! W,;; A;; P,8%  .; . =/80.0; ; / .,;=;,8,? / ,880 .,;=;,8,?; . /,0,> 0@<,0 =00 0 /0 . ,0@<,0 N08 / WAP 80<,K =/. 80; 0 /0 . 0<0.01  =/. 80;,8, .08; 8 ; .,;=;,8,?; 80.; 0 0 . 0<  ; .,;=;,8,?; ,0@<,; M/; WAP; =/. 80; 8 ;: =00  0 /0 . 0 01 =,8,. 0,0 0,9 P 8 0.1 /0 . .. ; .,;=;,8,?; ,8 ; 0.,,;80 0 ;: ,;; ;, 0 ;,.0. . / =/8 . 0; ; ?,8  /0 . 0.- L; =/8; . 0; ,0@<,; 8, .,,; IP 0;,90.0;1 =00 =. ; ,9/0.; L; =/8; . 0; #AP% ; .,;=;,8,?; / =,8 0 ,> ,0@<,0 . / /,= >?, . >=/8 #.0.1 80<801 ;08=%  /0 . G08 ; =/8; . 0; 8,  /,> =,,=0 =,8, 0 8,?,.0.  0 .1 .90. 0 800 . /8  .,,0,8 0 ;?,.;1 /80.;  ;,8; L0 0:0 . ; AP ;,9/  ;8@.0 . /,0,> )2(( . 0 IEEE  / =,8 /0 =08,<,,.0.  /0 90 ?0,.0. . /,=; ,0@<,; A9/; /,=; ,/ 800;  0 ,9/0,> . 0 /,> . /81 . .,,0,8 . =/8;1 ;9/,.0.  0.,,;80,> . /;/0,; E;80; /,; ;=. 08 /0 ,9/0,> ;80<,.0 =?,08 A 80 0 ,8=0<,,.0. 8 ; ;?,.;  ; =/8; . 0;1 ; =/. 90 0;   ;?,, / 1 = =1 0 ;=/;80 .,@,0 08 0<,;  0 .  0/;8; . 0 ,9/0,> . ; .,;=;,8,?; L; AP ;  0 8 0; .; 0<0.0;  0; ,0@<,0; E /; . ?0,; =/8; . 0; =,8  ;?,, . 0,9 E ;/9,,8 . ;8; .,;=;,8,?; 0 =,8,.  0 . /?; 0<0.; . . U AP   ;8@.0 IEEE )2((< 8, / 0., . ())  0=,0.08 E; / =/8 . 0; ,0@<,  .; #WAP  AP% W,;; A;; P,8; . =/80.0; D,;=;,8,? / ,880 .,;=;,8,?; . /,0,> ,00<,0 =00 0 /0 . ,00<,0 T, .,,; IP 0;,90.0; =00 =. ,9/0; A.@; ; ; 090.; . 0 /0 . E =/8 . 0; ,< 0 ,0,> 0 000  0 80;,8 8 WLAN #,;; LAN%  0 LAN 0<0.0 0 3)M8; S/ ?,.0. @,0 . 80;,0 ; . ((M<=; S/; 8,=; ;! . B,.91 . R8  . R=08 CARACTERISTICAS L0 89:0 . /,0,>  / /80 ; 0 <0; . .0; . 0.,1 0=0; . 80;=0;0 /;1 ;, <09 8 0.0 <;8@/ ;80 ;0 =,. /0  ; ./ ;/ <8/0 E A;; P,8 =/. 8 8; ;?,,; ,890.;  =0; .  09  0=,0 0 <8/0 . 0 . C/80  / 00 @, . <8/01 ;8 .=.,.  .1 ;,. 0 /,.0. . .,.0  0., . 00 / =/. ;80 .;. 3) 8; 0;80 @; . ())

.rdge )Puente,

12

C ; =8,.;  ; /<1 =,8 80 .; ;98; . .1 = 0 .,,0 . ;1 ;,0  8@, / =0;0 . / ;98 0 81 . 0 80 / ;>  8@, / =08 . / .,;=;,8,? #R/81 O.0.  G080% . / ;98  / ?0 0 8 ;98 ; 80;,8 0 80?K; . <,.9 C / B,.91 ; =/. ./, 80<8  8@, . ; .,;8,8; ;98; 80.; 0 K L; B,.9 080 0 ,? :;,  . 0 . .08; . . OSI  C0=0 2  A ,? . 0  B,.9 =/<0 0 .,,> . .;8,  0 =,0 0,0  8 ;98 ;, 0: ; /80 0 ;80,> . .;8, L0 =,,=0 .,,0 . / =8  /< ; / K;8; 0 =0;0 8.0; 0; 800; / 90 0 ;981 ,.=.,88 . / ; /8   0:  .,;=;,8,? . .;8, U =/8  <,.9 ; / .,;=;,8,? . ,8,> . .; . .0.; / =0  0 0=0 2 #,? . 0 . .08;% . . OSI E;8 ,880 .; ;98; . . # .,?,. /0 .  ;98;% 0,.  =0;0 . .08; . /0 . 0,0 801  <0;  0 .,,> :;,0 . .;8, . 0.0 =0/8 U <,.9 80 .; ;98; . .  /0 ;0 . /;0.  ,; =8 . ;80<,,8 . . F/,0 0 80?K; . /0 80<0 . .,,; MAC .880.0;  0.0 ;98 0 / ;8@ 80. C/0. .880 / / . . / . ; ;98; ;8@ ,880. 80;,8, .08; 0 / . . 81  <,.9 =,0 0 800 =00 0 80 ;/<. P /8,,0 ;8 0,; . 0=.,0 0/8@8,1 ; <,.9;  ;,80 ,9/0,> 0/0 L0 =,,=0 .,,0 8 / <,.9  / /< ; /  ;9/. =0;0 /0/, 800  /0/, .;8, =00 8.; ; 8; .; 80.;1  0<,  =, ;> =0;0 0; 800; =8,8; 0 0.0 ;98 E;80 008:;8,0 0  .,,8 . 0; .; 0 .,;,/,  8@, ,8, P00 0  <,.9,9  ,8,> . @; . 2 .;1 ; /8,,0 ; ;,8 CLASIFICACIÓN DE PUENTES S =/. 0;,,0 ; =/8; . .1 08.,. .; 0;=8;! ;9  8,= . ,80  ;9 0 0,0,> 99@,0 . 0; .; . @0 0 #LAN% / ; ?0 0 ,880 S9 ,80 J

P/8; 9K;

I880 LAN   ,; =8 MAC # ,? :;, =/. .,,%1 ; .,1  0 ?;,> . =8; 0 ,? 21 ;,=8 000,8  ?: . 800; U = . .,;=;,8,? 9K ; / S,8 E88 J

P/8; 89K;

E =/8 .,;= . /0 8,.0. ;/=, 090.0 . 0 80;0,> . 0<0; 8 .,;8,8; 8,=; . ,80; R,< 800; = /0 ,80 #= =! W,-F,% =00 ?,00; = 80 . 8 8,= #= =! E88% U = . .,;=;,8,?1  0; ,80; . = 08,;1 ; / =/8 . 0;  /0 . W,-F, S9 0,0,> 99@,0 13

J

P/8; 0;! S,? =00 00 .,808 .; .; :;,08 00;

J P/8; 8;  . @0 8;0! S 80  =00; 00. .;  @; .; 0;  0. /0 . . @0 8;0 #WAN% 0 80?K; . :0; 8>,0; B,.9; 8 0 ;,8; L0 .,,0 @; ,=808 8 / <,.9  / ;,8 ; / ; <,.9; 08 8, /  =/ . ,80; #. .; 0 /08%1 ,80; / ; ;,8;=/. 90 0 8 .0; = 8081 ;8 8, ;,80 / .,; . =;80,; ?0.0; B,.9; 8 0 /<; L0 =,,=0 .,,0 8 / <,.9  / /< ; /  ;9/. =,8 8.0; 0; 800;  /0/, .;8, =00  ;8 . ; .; 80.  0<,  =, ;> ?:0 0; 800; =8,8; 0 0.0 ;98 D ;80 0 ; 0:;0 .,,; . ,;,> 0.  .,,8 . 0; .; ,880.0;! ; .,;,/  8@, ,8,1 =,8 / 0 0/.0 . 80;,;,>1 ==,0 0 <8/0 99@,0  =,8 .0 ;?,, 0 @; .,;=;,8,?; B,.9; 8 0 /8; T08 / <,.9  / /8 ; .,;=;,8,?; / ; /8,,0 =00 0,0 .08;1 =  0 . .,8 00 L; <,.9; =0  0 0=0 2 #,? . 0 . .08;%1 ,80; / ; /8;  0  0 0=0 3 #,? . .% . . OSI E; .,1  <,.9 80 ;/; .,;,;  <0; 0 0 .,,> MAC   /8  0@ 0 =08, . /0 .,,> IP E;8 ; 80./  / ; <,.9;  ; 0=0; . .,;, 8 ;/<.;1 ,80; / ; /8; ;:  ; C/0. ; .,;0 /0 . ; =/. =80 = 8,=; =,;1   /80 ?0,; ;98; .,08 / <,.9  .,?,.,0  ;/<.;  ,8800 .,08 /8; P00 ;8 8, 0;1 ;, / /,= 80. 0 /0 ;/<. ; /? :;,08 0 80 ;/<.1 0 . 0<,0; 0 IP =00 8 ,> S, <091 ;, / /,= ; /? .8 . /0 . 80.0 .,08 <,.9;  0:0 080 ,9/0 0.0 V800; J J J J

E 901 ; / .,;=;,8,? . <0 =, A:;0 .,,; . ,;,> 0 ;980 0 . N ;,80 ,9/0,> =?,0 C8 . 0;  0=0,.0. . 9;8,> . 0 .

D;?800; J J J

N ; ,,80   . ?:; .,08 <0.0;8 D,:,8 ;00< =00 .; / 90.; E =;0.  000,8 . .08; ,8./ 80.;

J L0; .; =0; =/. ;/= / =<0 L0 ,;8,0 . 8,=; 0,; 8 ?0,0; LAN =/. 0 / ; 
/ATEWA0 )COMPUERTA,

14

S /8 / 8, =900; 0.,,0; #;=.,8; 0 ,?; . 80;=81 ;;,>1 =;80,>  0=,0,>1 . . OSI%1 / =,8 ,880 .; / /8,,0 .,;8,8; =8;! = = TCP+IP1SNA1 N801 VIP  L; G080 .< .;;0<0 0; 800;  =0/8; /  90 =00 <8  ;0 ,9,0  0 =08, . K;8 ?? 0 ,9/0 ; =0/8;  0; 800;1 = . 0/.   =8 . 0 . .. ; /80 0 ;80,> . .;8, T,=; /atewa& a#1n"rono2 S,;80 / =,8 0 ; /;/0,; . =/80.0; =;0; 0. 

0 90.; .0.; 0;:; 0 80?K; . / ;?,. . /,0,; /atewa& SNA2 P,8 0 ,> 0 90.; =/80.0;  0/,88/0 .

/,0,; SNA #S;8 N8 A,88/1 A/,88/0 . S,;80; . R.%1 08/0.  8,0;  =/.,. 80;, 0,?;  ,;80.; . ,=;,> /atewa& TCP3IP2 E;8; ==,0 ;?,,; . /,0,;   8,

?:0 RAL  WAN  80<,K /,0  ,80 . ,8 ==,0. ; ;?,,; .  0=,0,> ;8@.0; . TCP+IP VENTA*AS S,=,,0 0 9;8,> . . P,8 0 ?;,> . =8; DESVENTA*AS S/ 90 0=0,.0. ; 80./  / 08 =, . ; /,=; L0 /,> . ?;,> . =8; ,= /0 ;/;80,0 ;<090    G0801 0 /0 ; 80./  / 08,? <0 .,,8 D<,. 0 ;81 / G080 =/. ; / / . <80 =8,0 ;, 0 .  ;8@ =8,,0.0 =00 ,8,90 ;80 =;,<,,.0.

CONCLUSIONES 15

E ;/80. 90 ; / ;,= ;@ =;,< <,.0 / ;?,, . 0; 0 ,88 0 0; /0;  <8 900,0; A9/; . ; .; ;@ @; ,,8; / 8; = 0 ;80 . ; 8>9,08 @; =; P.; /, / 0; 89:0; ; =,; ;/08 ?,0<; =00 ,,,0 0 <0 .,9,80 ,;88  0 0 =08 . ; =0:;; . /.1 ;< 8.  ; =0:;;  ?:0; . .;0  ; / ;80 .,?,;,> ; 0 @; 00.0

16

RECOMENDACIONES

S ,.0 / =00 0,0  .,;1 0@,;,;  ,8=80,> . /0 .1 ; ;0, / 0 =0,,0,> ;8 ;/;880.0  ;8@.0;  08,?0; ,80,0; / ? 0 / 0<,8 0 0 0 =8,,0,; . ; /;;1  / ; ;/80.; ;0 ;08,;08,;1 . 80 00 ; ?,8 ;<.,;,0 . /0 00 090.0 ; 0;1 ; /,=; . ,88,?,.0.  0; ,80; =00 ;/ ,> S ,.0  /0 0808,?0 == / ;,;80 . 0.,,;80,> =00  ,8 . ; /,=;1 .<,. 0 / ; /,=; ;,0.; ;=80  =8 . 0.,,;80,> SNMP E;8 ;80 . 0.,,;80,> 0,,800  ./,@  8,= =00 80 ;1 ;/,,;80. /0 /,0,> ,0< 0 0 . S ,.0 0 8080,> . =;0 8,,0. =00 08. 0; .,8; ;,.0.; . =0,>  08,,8 . 0 . O  ;/ .8 0=0,80 0./0.08 0 0; =;0; /   8 ; /8 0 09 . /,0,8 . 0 ,;0 E 0 08/0,.0.  ,;8 /0 ;,;808,0,>   0 . ,,.8; =  / ; 0,0 . /0 00 =0,0  .,;,/ 0 =./8,?,.0. . 0 ,;8,8/,> 90

17

BIBLIOGRAFIA 88=!++;8+0+=8/;==3 88=!++;8+0+808/;==3 88=!++;8+0+/808/;==3 88=!++;8+0+/8/;==3 88=!++;8+=88+,0==3 88=!++90,0;+80<0;&)+.;,8,+.;-,8,;8,38Z5 88=!++;,+=3[80;[=/<,0,;+;,8+=09;+2))3 (()&(622348

18