APPLIED INSTRUMENTATION IN PROCESS INDUSTRIES Vol-1
Chem Proc Ind
Descripción: APPLIED INSTRUMENTATION IN PROCESS INDUSTRIES Vol-2
air
testFull description
safety in chemical process industries
haykin
Deskripsi lengkap
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Chemical process Industries
Descrição completa
Industry list of Pakistan.Full description
instrumentaion notes, Pressure Measurement in Petrochemical Industries by Professor GowthamDescription complète
Quality management makes sure that an organization, product or service is Stable during the manufacturing and sales as well as during the after sales services. Quality management is focus…Full description
Small Scale Industries in IndiaFull description
instrumentaion notes, Pressure Measurement in Petrochemical Industries by Professor Gowtham
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Industrial and Hazardous Waste Management
Treatment Technologies for Industrial Wastewater
Selection of the Wastewater Wastewater Treatmen Treatmen Process 1. The selec selectio tion n of a wast wastewa ewater ter trea treatme tment nt proc proces ess s or a combination combination of processes depends upon; •
The characteristics of the wastewater
•
The form of the pollutant i.e. Suspended, colloidal, dissolved
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The biodegradability, and
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The toxicity of the organic and inorganic components
2. The The req requi uire red d effl efflue uent nt qual qualit ity y 3. The cost and availabi availability lity of land land for any given given wastew wastewater ater treatment problems •
•
One or more possible solutions Perform cost analysis of each one-to find the most cost effective
Pre-Treatment Flotation
Equalization
Neutralization
Coagulation and Precipitation
Sedimentation
Filtration Spill Basin
Equalization
Equalization is the operation aimed at eliminating or minimizing the problems associated with fluctuations in wastewater wastewater flow and characteristics. characteristics.
Purpose of Equalization Basin for Industrial treatment facilities: •
•
•
•
•
To minimize fluctuations in flow rate to the treatment plant. To provide reduction of organic fluctuations in order to prevent prevent shock loading of biological bi ological systems. systems. Reduce fluctuations in wastewater wastewater pH . To minimize chemical requirements necessary for neutralization. To minimize flow surges to physical-chemical treatment systems and permit chemical feed rates compatible with feeding equipment.
Purpose of Equalization Basin for Industrial treatment facilities: •
•
•
To provide continuous feed to biological systems systems over periods when the manufacturing plant is not operating. To provide capacity for controlled discharge of wastes to municipal systems in order to distribute waste loads more evenly. To prevent high concentration of toxic materials from entering the biological treatment treatment plant.
Classification of Equalization Operations •
Flow Equalization (elimination or dampening of
wastewater flow variations) •
Concentration Equalization (dampening of
concentration fluctuations in wastewater) •
Flow and Concentration Equalization
Classification of Equalization Operations •
Equalization Equalization may be either online or offline as shown in figure below:
Equalization Mixing To ensure adequate a dequate equalization and to prevent settleable solids from depositing in the basin Reduction in BOD may be achieved through mixing and aeration Methods Distribution of inlet flow and baffling Turbine mixing Diffused air aeration Mechanical aeration Submerged mixers •
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• • • • •
Flow Equalization
Flow Equalization Principle Design Parameter: •
Size and type of basin varies with quantity of waste and the variability of the wastewater stream
Flow Equalization Design Consideration
Qin
Qout
Qin= Qout
Constant Volume
Flow Equalization Design Consideration
High level level Low level Qin
Qout
Qin= Variable Qout= Constant
Variable Volume
Flow Equalization
Flow Equalization •
Numerical
Equalization Design Consideration •
The equalization basin may may be sized to restrict the discharge to its maximum concentration commensurate with the maximum permissible discharge from subsequent units.
Example, If the maximum effluent from an activated sludge unit is 50 mg/l BOD5.the maximum effluent from the equalization basin may be computes and thereby provide a basis for sizing the unit.
Steps for Finding Capacity of Equalization Basin (Concentration (Concentration Equalization) 1. Calcul Calculat ate e the the Was Waste tewa wate terr volu volumes mes ente enterin ring g the the equalization tank during each time interval 2. Calcul Calculat ate e Waste astewa wate terr volume volumess pumpi pumping ng out from from the equalization tank 3. Calc Calcul ulat ate e cum cumul ulat ativ ive e inf influ luen entt vol volum ume e 4. Calcul Calculat ate e the the chan change ge in stor storag age e duri during ng each each inte interv rval. al. 5. Calcul Calculat ate e the the cumu cumula lativ tive e chan change ge in sto stora rage ge from from a interval where tank is near to empty 6. The eff effect of flo flow w equa equaliz lizat ation ion of BOD BOD mass mass load loading ing rate: 7. The nece necessa ssary ry comp comput utat ation ionss will will sta start rt from from the the int interv erval al when the tank is empty.
Concentration Equalization
Q out BOD out
Q in BOD in V start BOD start
V end BOD end
Mass- Balance: Input = Output (Q in * BOD in) +(V start * BOD start )= (Q out* BOD out ) +(V end * BOD end )
