NAT NATIONAL LAW LAW UNIVERSITY ORISSA
COURSE:ENVIRONMENTAL
LAW
TOPIC: PRECAUTIONARY PRECAUTIONAR Y PRINCIPLE
SUBMITTED BYSARITA KUMARI
(2009/ BBA.LLB./040)
1
T ABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................3 CHAPTER II: PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE- INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE........................ 4 IS PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE A NORM
O CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LA!"...............4
THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE IS INTERNALLY
INCONSISTENT AND VA#UE $ AND
.................................4 CANNOT THEREORE CONSTITUTE CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LA! THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE IS NO! A RECO#NI%ED PRINCIPLE O CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LA! BY VIRTUE O ITS INCORPORATION INTO INTERNATIONAL A#REEMENTS $ NATIONAL LE#ISLATION AND POLICY DOCUMENTS . ....................................... &
CHAPTER III: PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE- INDIAN PERSPECTIVE..................................... ' CHAPTER IV: UDICIAL TRENDS.............................................................................................. CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SU##ESTIONS..................................................................... *0
THE R OLE OF THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE IN CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUE ......................1 0 I NTENTION TO ABANDON THE WAIT-AND-SEE APPROACH..................................................1 1 BASIC FORMULATION OF THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE UNDER I NTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ........................................................................................................................1 1 STATUS AS I NTERNATIONAL CUSTOM...................................................................................1 1 BIBLIO#RAPHY........................................................................................................................* 3
ARTICLES..............................................................................................................................1 3 BOOKS..................................................................................................................................1 3 CASES…………………………………………………………………………………….14
2
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
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1 S$*'& M##6 The Southern Bluefin Tuna cases: the precautionary approach and conservation of fish resources 6 EUROPEAN OURNAL OF I NTERNATIONAL LAW6 VOL. 116 NO. 4 20006 =1-=31 2 V"'#" C$,$@"&%> W")#" F'#(* ;. U&$'& ') I&+$6 AIR 1< SC 21
3 H. HOHMANN6 PRECAUTIONARY LEGAL DUTIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MODERN I NTERNATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL LAW 0 1%,"+&.6 1<<4 4 D. F#""%,'&"6 The Road to Rio: International Environmental Law after the Earth Summit 6 OURNAL OF E NVIRONMENTAL LAW6 VOL. 1<<46 /.211
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However,
at least in the sector of marine
precautionar
approach
has
living resources,
!evelope! into a
rule
of
the
customar
international law. The precautionar principle is thus a norm of customar international law" T!$% /#$&$/" $% &'7 & $&,"# &'#* ') (%,'*# $&,"#&,$'& 7. U&$)'#* &+ '&%$%,"&, %,," /#,$" '(/"+ 7$,! ,!" '",$;" ,$'&% ') %,,"% $& ,"#*% ') U&$,"+ N,$'&% #"%'(,$'&% &+ #"/'#,% &+ *(,$,"# #""*"&,% $&:% ,!" "'%%,"* //#'! 7$,! *'+"#& (%,'*# 7. #t least in the sector of marine living
resources, the precautionar approach has !evelope! into a rule of customar international law"$% It has alrea! &een incorporate! into a num&er
of
international
marine
management
an!
conservation
agreements, $' polic !ocuments$( an! national )sheries legislation"$*
12See G#6 . S. &+ M. B"7"#% Towards a scientific definition of the precautionary principle 6 M#$&" P'(,$'& B(",$& 326 116 =J11<<8 . M'##$%6 RETHINKING RISK AND THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE6 1J216 2000 13 CBD6 supra &'," 16 at /#"*". 14See P!$$//" S&+%6 PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 213 1<< ) *"% C*"#'&6 THE GATT AND THE ENVIRONMENT6 $& G#""&$& I&,"#&,$'& L7 1006 11-1< P!$$/" S&+% "+.6 1<<48 '!& K(&$!6 Losin+ *emo: The ass E4tinction *ow Threatenin+ the 5orld6s 7cean otspots 6 30 COLUM. . ENVTL. L. 16 4 2008 O7"& MI&,#" T!'*% M'%"+"6 The 3recautionary 3rinciple as a *orm of &ustomary International Law 6 < . ENVTL. L. 2216 23 1<<8F#&'$% E7+6 The Return of the &rafty 8enius: 1n 7utline of a 3hilosophy of 3recaution9 CONN. INS. L.. 46 0-1 1<<<-2000.
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There is also growing opiniojuris18 of states an! a vast num&er of international
)sheries
commissions
which
appl
the
precautionar
principle in recent management an! conservation strategies" The precautionar principle is thus a norm of customar international law"
CHAPTER III: PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE- INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
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CHAPTER IV: UDICIAL TRENDS
I& ,!" 8abci0ovo=*a+ymaros,$ %" >States shall ta0e precautionary principles to anticipate9 prevent or minimi;e dama+e to their transboundary resources and miti+ate adversary effects% 5here there are threats of serious or irreversible dama+e9 lac0 of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponin+ such measures% 1rticle , para% - ?a@ of the convention on protection and use of transboundary watercourses and international la0es9 elsin0i !"", as well as I2&* .raft 1rticle $ and Brundtland Report9 1rticle !A9 provide support for the application in +eneral international law to apply the precautionary principle to protect transboundary sourceC
I& ,!" *uclear Tests II %" >
I& ,!" Southern Bluefin Tuna %" >1rticles $(9 !!$=!!" and FAA of the !"#, Law of the Sea &onvention must direct any party in the application and implementation of the precautionary principle% The principle must be applied by states in ta0in+ decisions about actions which entail threats of serious or irreversible dama+e to the environment while there is scientific uncertainty about the effects of such actions% The principle reGuires caution and vi+ilance in the face of such uncertainty%C 'ud+e Treves9 separate opinion9 para% #: 1 precautionary approach seems to me inherent in the very notion of provisional measures%
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CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SU##ESTIONS
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The Role of the Precautionary Principle in Climate Change Issue
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Intention to Abandon the Wait-and-See Approach
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Basic formulation of the Precautionary Principle under International Agreements
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Status as International Custom
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BIBLIO#RAPHY
Articles:
D.TURNER AND L. HARTELL6 The lac0 of clarity in the precautionary principle. Environmental alues 136 44
Boos:
HERSCH LAUTERPACHT6 The .evelopment 7f The International Law By The International &ourt 6 1<= IAN BROWNLIE6 3rinciples 7f 3ublic International Law 6/.2=6 ,! "+. 2003 1< MALCOLM N. SHAW6 International Law6 ,! "+.6 2003 OPPENHEIM6 International Law !H! R'"#, "&&$&% A#,!(# W,,% "+%.6 P"#%'& E+(,$'& L,+. <,! "+. 1<< P. SAND IN6 .imensions of the precautionary principle% uman and Ecolo+ical Ris0 1ssessment 6 1<<< PATRICIA W. BIRNIE ALAN E. BOYLE6 International Law 1nd The Environment 2&+ "+. 2002 PETER MALANCUK6 10ehursts odern Introduction To International Law6 ,! "+. 1<<
!udicial "ecision:
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