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É@DECL E. ^VLSL@TBCEÓ@
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2
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
E. ^VLSL@TBCEÓ@
Jb lvbjubceó` dl jb rlsestl`ceb bj lsgulrza `aribj y cartb`tl dlj sulja, plrietl cub`tegecbr pbrâiltras `lclsbreas pbrb ca`aclr jbs prapeldbdls dl rlsestl`ceb dlj tlrrl`a, lsta b su vlz `as atarkb e`garibceó` e`garibceó` rljbcea`bda ca` jb lstbfejedbd dl suljas y `as plrietl b su vlz b`bjezbr prafjlibs tbjls caia8 lj lstudea dl lstbfejedbd dl tbjudls pbrb cbrrltlrbs, jb dltlrie`bceó` dl jb cbpbcedbd dl sapartl l` ceil`tbcea`ls, jb prlseó` jbtlrbj safrl lstructurbs dl rltl`ceó` dl telrrbs l`trl atras.
Ejustrbceó` 28 Caolseó` y â`kuja dl grecceó` l` jb krâgecb lsgulrza cartb`tl vs lsgulrza `aribj.
^VLSL@TBCEA@8
Lj prlsl`tl trbfbha prlsl`tbda l` garibta dl E `garil safrl 8 ‚L`sbya dl Cartl Derlcta y Caiprl`seó` Seipjl dl u` tepa dl Sulja ’ gul rlbjezbda l` lj jbfarbtarea dl Ilcâ`ecb dl Suljas par jas bjui`as dl jb GEC-\@E, caia pbrtl dl jbs bctevedbdls dl jbfarbtare jbfarbtarea a dlj cursa dl Ilcâ`ecb Ilcâ`ecb dl Suljas EE, tel`l ge`bjedbd dl bpartbr ca`aceiel`tas ca`aceiel`tas prâctecas b `ulstrb garibc garibceó` eó` praglsea`b praglsea`bjj caia E`k. Cevejls, bprl`del`da bsé dl das dl jas pre`cepbjls tepas dl l`sbya8 L`sbya dl Cartl Derlcta y L`sbya dl Caiprlseó` Seipjl. Lj l`sbya dl cartl derlcta sl rlbjezb ca` lj afhlteva pre`cepbj dl dltlrie`br lj vbjar dljb caolseó`, bsé caia lj â`kuja dl grecceó` e`tlr`b dl u` sulja sailteda b lsgulrza cartb`tl. Lj l`sbya dl caiprlseó` dl caiprlseó` seipjl, ls iuy eipartb`tl l` Ilcâ`ecb dl Suljas, yb qul plrietl aftl`lr u` vbjar dl cbrkb øjteib dlj sulja, lj cubj, caia sl vlrâ iâs bdljb`tl sl rljbcea`b ca` jb rlsestl`ceb bj cartl dlj sulja y l`trlkb u` vbjar dl cbrkb qul puldl utejezbrsl l` praylctas qul `a rlquelrb` dl u` vbjar iâs prlcesa, yb qul l`trlkb u` rlsujtbda ca`slrvbdar. Ge`bjil`tl ls `lclsbrea lxprlsbr `ulstra bkrbdlceiel`ta bj plrsa`bj dlj jbfarbtarea dl suljas 6 y bj Dacl`tl dlj cursa par par jbs e`decbcea`ls y par plrieter bipjebr `ulstras ca`aceiel`tas, bsé iesia dlslbias qul lj prlsl`tl trbfbha slb ibtlrebj dl ca`sujtb pbrb jas lstudeb`tls dl jb cbrrlrb dl E`kl`elréb Cevej.
6
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
EE. E@TVAD\CCEÓ@
Jb ge`bjedbd dl jas l`sbyas dl cartl, ls dltlrie`br jb rlsestl`ceb rlsestl` ceb dl u`b iulstrb dl sulja, sailtedb b gbtekbs y/a dlgaribcea`ls qul seiujl` jbs qul lxestl` a lxesterâ` l` tlrrl`a praducta dl jb bpjecbceó` dl u`b cbrkb. ^brb ca`aclr u`b dl lstbs rlsestl`cebs l` jbfarbtarea sl usb lj bpbrbta dl cartl derlcta lj cubj sl rlbjezb fbha jb `arib BSTI D 3>?>. Ca` jas rlsujtbdas qul brrahb lstl l`sbya sl puldl dltlrie`br krâgecbs dl Dlgaribceó` Tb`kl`cebj vs Lsgulrza dl Cartl y jb dl Lsgulrza @aribj vs Lsgulrza dl Cartl Iâxeia qul b su vlz `as brrahb` jas vbjarls dl grecceó` y caolseó` prapeas dl cbdb sulja. ^brb lj cbsa dlj l`sbya dl caiprl`seó` seipjl jb ge`bjedbd ls dltlrie`br jb rlsestl`ceb ujteib a lsgulrza ujteia dlj sulja= lj l`sbya `as brrahb dbtas ca` jas cubjls padlias rlbjezbr krbgecbs dl lsgulrza vs dlgaribceó` dlgaribceó`..
Ejustrbceó` 68 Lquepa dl cartl rlsedubj usbda l` lj l`sbya dl cartl derlcta.
Ls eipartb`tl caiprl`dlr lj caipartbiel`ta dl jas suljas sailtedas b cbrkbs, yb qul ls l` ljjas a safrl ljjas qul sl vb` b gu`dbr jbs lstructurbs, yb slb` pul`tls, ldegeceas a cbrrltlrbs, qul rlquelrl` dl u`b fbsl geril, a iâs bø` qul puldl` bpravlcobr jbs rlsestl`cebs dlj sulja l` fl`lgecea dl su prapeb cbpbcedbd y lstbfejedbd, sel`da lj lstudea y jb lxplreil`tbceó` jbs olrrbiel`tbs pbrb ca`slkuerja, y ge`bjil`tl sl puldl prldlcer, ca` u`b celrtb bpraxeibceó`, lj caipartbiel`ta b`tl jbs cbrkbs dl lstbs lstructurbs. Dlfeda b jb caipjlhb y vbrebfjl `bturbjlzb dl jas suljas, l` lsplcebj l` ja rlglreda b jb rlsestl`ceb bj lsgulrza cartb`tl, lxestl` iucoas iåtadas dl l`sbya pbrb lvbjubr sus cbrbctlréstecbs. Bu` cub`da sl utejezb` atras iåtadas iâs rlprlsl`tbtevas, rlprlsl`tbtevas, caia lj trebxebj, lj l`sbya dl cartl derlcta y caiprlseó` seipjl cuipjl` lj afhlteva fuscbda, se` tl`lr qul obclr u` iåtada tb` caipjlha `e usbr u` lquepa qul b vlcls puldl slr e`bcclsefjl, e`bcclsefjl, ja qul sek`egecb il`as il`as telipa y il`ar casta.
3
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
EEE. AFHLTEWAS 2. AFHLTEWA KL@LVBJ
Ilder jb rlsestl`ceb cartb`tl dl u` sulja brcejjasa.
Dltlrie`br jb rlsestl`ceb b jb caiprlseó` seipjl dl u` tepa dl sulja.
6. AFHLTEWAS LS^LCÉGECAS
Aftl`lr jbs curvbs dl Dlgaribceó` Tb`kl`cebj vs. Lsgulrza dl cartl pbrb lj l`sbya dl cartl derlcta dl u`b iulstrb dl sulja.
Aftl`lr jbs curvbs dl Lsgulrza @aribj vs. Lsgulrza dl Cartl Iâxeia pbrb lj l`sbya dl cartl derlcta dl u`b iulstrb dl sulja.
Dltlrie`br lj â`kuja dl Grecceó` y jb Caolseó` dlj sulja l` lj l`sbya dl cartl derlcta pbrb u`b iulstrb dl sulja.
Aftl`lr jbs krâgecbs dl Lsgulrza vs. Dlgaribceó` pbrb lj l`sbya dl Caiprlseó` Seipjl dl u`b iulstrb dl sulja.
Bprl`dlr lj ful` usa dl jas ibtlrebjls despa`e despa`efjls fjls l` lj jbfarbtarea dl Ilcâ`ecb dl Suljas y su utejezbceó` l` jb aftl`ceó` dl dbtas rljbcea`bdas ca` jas l`sbyas.
4
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
EW. G\@DBIL@TA TLÓVECA 2. VLSESTL@CEB CAVTB@TL DLJ S\LJA
Jb rlsestl`ceb cartb`tl dl u`b ibsb dl sulja ls jb rlsestl`ceb e`tlr`b par u`edbd dl ârlb u`etbreb qul jb ibsb dl sulja agrlcl pbrb rlsester jb gbjjb y lj dlsjezbiel`ta b ja jbrka dl cubjquelr pjb`a dl`tra dl åj. Ls eipartb`tl b`bjezbr jb `bturbjlzb dl jb rlsestl`ceb cartb`tl pbrb b`bjezbr prafjlibs dl lstbfejedbd dl suljas, tbjls caia cbpbcedbd dl cbrkb, lstbfejedbd dl tbjudls y jb prlseó` jbtlrbj safrl lstructurbs dl rltl`ceó` dl telrrbs. 2 2.2 CVETLVEAS DL GBJJB DL IAOV-CA\J\IF
Iaor (25>>) prlsl`ta u`b tlaréb safrl rupturb dl ibtlrebjls l` jb qul bgerib qul u` ibtlrebj gbjjb par jb caife`bceó` crétecb dl lsgulrza `aribj y lsgulrza cartb`tl y `a saja par jb prlsl`ceb dl u` lsgulrza iâxeia `aribj a fel` dl u` lsgulrza iâxeia cartb`tl safrl u` pjb`a dl gbjjb= sl lxprlsb dl jb sekuel`tl ib`lrb8 g 9 g() …………(2)
Da`dl8 g 8 Lsgulrza cartb`tl safrl lj pjb`a dl gbjjb. `aribj safrl lj lj pjb`a dl gbjjb. 8 Lsgulrza `aribj Ejustrbceó` 38 Vljbceó` gu`cea`bj l`trl u`
Jb l`vajvl`tl dlge`edb par jb lcubceó` (2) ls u`b lsgulrza `aribj y u` lsgulrza cartb`tl safrl curvb, se` lifbrka pbrb jb ibyaréb dl prafjlibs dl u` pjb`a dl gbjjb. ilcâ`ecb dl suljas ls sugecel`tl bpraxeibr lj lsgulrza cartb`tl safrl lj pjb`a dl gbjjb caia u`b gu`ceó` je`lbj dlj lsgulrza `aribj (Caujaif 2;;7)8 c 8 Caolseó` 8 B`kuja dl grecceó` e`tlr`b.
g
9 c + tb` ………. (6)
2
Gu`dbil`tas dl E`kl`elréb Klatåc`ecb, Frbhb I. Dbs (6>>2). Cbpétuja ;
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E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
2.6 JLU DL GBJJB ^AV CAVTB@TL L@ S\LJA SBT\VBDA
L` u` sulja sbturbda, lj lsgulrza `aribj tatbj l` u` pu`ta ls jb suib dlj lsgulrza lglcteva y jb prlseó` dl para8 9´+u
Lj lsgulrza lglcteva ´ ls taibda par jas sójedas dlj sulja y sl rllscrefl jb lcubceó` caia8 g
9 c + ( - u) tb` 9 c + ´tb` …….. (3)
c 9 > pbrb brl`b y jeia e`arkâ`eca= brcejjbs `aribjil`tl ca`sajedbdbs sl ca`sedlrb ekubj b >. 9
Â`kuja dl ca`sajedbceó` drl`bda y sus vbjarls sl iulstrb` l` jb sekuel`tl tbfjb.
Ejustrbceó` 48 Wbjarls tépecas dlj â`kuja dl grecceó` drl`bda pbrb brl`bs y jeias.
2.3 ^V\LFB DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
Jb prulfb dl cartl ls iâs b`tekub y seipjl. \` debkrbib dlj bpbrbta pbrb jb prulfb dl cartl derlcta sl iulstrb l` jb gekurb. Lj lquepa ca`sestl l` u`b cbhb dl cartl iltâjecb l` jb qul sl cajacb lj lspåceil`. Jbs iulstrbs puldl` slr cubdrbdbs a cercujbrls. Jb cbhb lstâ cartbdb oareza`tbjil`tl l` das pbrtls. Jb gulrzb `aribj safrl lj lspåceil` sl bpjecb dlsdl jb pbrtl suplrear dl jb Ejustrbceó` <8 Debkrbib dlj brrlkja dlj l`sbya dl cartl derlcta. cbhb dl cartl. Lj lsgulrza `aribj safrl jas lsplcéil`ls dlfl slr tb` krb`dl caia 2>>> m@/i6. Jb gulrzb cartb`tl ls bpjecbdb iavel`da u`b ietbd dl jb cbhb rlsplcta dl jb atrb pbrb kl`lrbr jb gbjjb l` lj lspåceil` dl sulja.
7
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
^brb u`b prulfb dbdb, lj lsgulrza `aribj sl cbjcujb caia 9 ´9 lsgulrza `aribj 9 gulrzb g ulrzb `aribj/ ârlb dl jb slcceó` trbsvlrsbj
Lj lsgulrza cartb`tl rlsestl`tl pbrb cubjquelr dlspjbzbiel`ta cartb`tl sl cbjcujb caia8 9 lsgulrza cartb`tl 9 gulrzb cartb`tl rlsestl`tl/ ârlb dl jb slcceó` trb`s.
L` brl`b suljtb jb rlsestl`ceb bj lsgulrza cartb`tl buil`tb ca` lj dlspjbzbiel`ta cartb`tl obstb qul sl bjcb`zb u` lsgulrza cartb`tl dl gbjjb g . Dlspuås dl lsa, jb rlsestl`ceb bj lsgulrza cartb`tl plrib`lcl bpraxeibdbil`tl ca`stb`tl ca` cubjquelr e`crlil`ta bdecea`bj l` lj dlspjbzbiel`ta dl cezbjjbdurb. 6
Ejustrbceó` 78 Krâgecb dlj lsgulrza cartb`tl y lj cbifea l` jb bjturb dl jb iulstrb grl`tl bj dlspjbzbiel`ta cartb`tl pbrb brl`b slcb suljtb y dl`sb.
6
Gu`dbil`tas dl E`kl`elréb Klatåc`ecb, Frbhb I. Dbs (6>>2). Cbpétuja ;
;
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
2.4 ^V\LFB DL CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL
Jb prulfb dl caiprlseó` seipjl ls u` tepa lsplcebj dl prulfb `a ca`sajedbdb-`a drl`bdb qul sl usb caiø`il`tl pbrb lsplcéil`ls dl brcejjb. L` lstb prulfb, jb prlseó` dl ca`ge`biel`ta 3 ls >. \`b cbrkb bxebj sl bpjecb râpedbil`tl bj lspåceil` pbrb kl`lrbr jb gbjjb. L` åstb, lj lsgulrza pre`cepbj il`ar tatbj ls A y lj lsgulrza pre`cepbj ibyar tatbj Ls 2 .Caia jb rlsestl`ceb dl cartl `a drl`bdb ls e`dlpl`del`tl dl jb prlseó` dl ca`ge`biel`ta, ca`ge`biel`ta, tl`lias8 g 9 9
2
9 6
Da`dl8 qu 9 rlsestl`ceb b caiprl`seó` seipjl.
6
9 cu
Ejustrbceó` ;8 ^rulfb dl caiprlseó` seipjl.
Ejustrbceó` ?8 rljbceó` l`trl ca`sestl`ceb y rlsestl`ceb b jb caiprlseó` seipjl l` brcejjbs.
?
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
W. DLSCVE^CEÓ@ DLJ LR\E^A 2. L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
LR\E^A DL CAVTL VLSED\BJ
Ls u` despaseteva pbrb suhltbr bj lspåceil` gerilil`tl l`trl das peldrbs parasbs dl tbj ib`lrb qul `a sl bpjequl u` tarqul bj lspåceil`. Lj despaseteva dl cartl suie`estrb ildeas pbrb bpjecbr u` lsgulrza `aribj b jbs cbrbs dlj lspåceil`, bsé caia iedl lj cbifea l` lj lsplsar dlj lspåceil`, tbifeå` plrietl lj drl`bhl dlj dlj bkub bkub b trbvås dl dl jbs Ejustrbceó` 58 Lquepa dl cartl derlcta dlj Jbfarbtarea dl peldrbs parasbs e`slrtbdbs l` jas suljas GEC \@E. ca`tar`as suplrear l e`glrear dlj lspåceil`, y plrietl suilrker bj lspåceil` l` bkub. Lj despaseteva ls cbpbz dl bpjecbr u`b gulrzb tb`kl`cebj bj lspåceil` ca` bkub. Lj despaseteva bpjecb u`b gulrzb tb`kl`cebj bj lspåceil` b ja jbrka dl u` pjb`a dl cartl prldltlrie`bda prldltlrie`bd a (cartl seipjl) pbrbjlja b jbs cbrbs dlj lspåceil`. Jas ibrcas suhltb` bj lspåceil` ja sugecel`tlil`tl rékedas pbrb prlvl`er su destarseó` durb`tl lj cartl. Jbs devlrsbs pbrtls dlj despaseteva dl cartl sa` olcobs dl u` ibtlrebj `a suhlta b jb carraseó` par jb ouildbd a sustb`cebs ca`tl`edbs dl`tra dlj sulja. 3
IAJDL DL CAVTL
Jb ibsb dl sulja sl ia`tb l` u` iajdl dl cartl cubdrbdb sekuel`da celrtas pracldeiel`tas pracldeiel`tas qul sl dltbjjb` iâs bdljb`tl. Ls u`b cbhb dl cartl, cubdrbdb, olcob dl bclra e`axedbfjl, fra`cl a bjuie`ea, ca` praveseó` pbrb lj drl`bhl b trbvås dl jb pbrtl suplrear l e`glrear. Jb cbhb lstâ devededb vlrtecbjil`tl par u` pjb`a oareza`tbj l` das pbrtls dl ekubj lsplsar, jbs cubjls lstâ` suhltbs y u`edbs ca` tar`ejjas bje`lbdas. Jb cbhb dl cartl tbifeå` lstâ suhltb ca` tar`ejjas rb`urbdas, qul ca`trajb` lj lspbcea (rb`urb) l`trl jbs ietbdls suplrear l e`glrear dl jb cbhb dl cartl.
3
Fbsbda l` BSTI D3>?>-5?
5
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
FBJB@XB LJLCTVÓ@ECB , TBJJBDAV , CAI^BCTBDAV U LS^ÂT\JB .
Olrrbiel`tbs pbrb lj tbjjbda dl jb iulstrb.
Ejustrbceó` 2>8 Olrrbiel`tbs dl cartl.
Ejustrbceó` 228 Iajdl dl cartl.
Ejustrbceó` 268 Tbjjbdar.
Tbjjbdar8 jbda 7 ci. ârlb dl cartl 37 37 ci6. bjturb 6 ci. vajuil` vajuil` ;6 ci3. (Gek. (Gek. 26) Caipbctbdar. (Gek. 26).
2>
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
6. L@SBUA DL CAI^VL@SEÓ@ SEI^JL
Bpbrbta dl Caiprlseó`8 ca`garibda par u`b prl`sb pbrb raturb dl jbs prafltbs, dl vljacedbd ca`trajbdb ib`ubj a ilcâ`ecbil`tl, ca` cbpbcedbd sugecel`tl pbrb jjlkbr b jb cbrkb dl raturb. Lj despaseteva dl ildedb dl jb gulrzb bpjecbdb dlfl tl`lr u`b sl`sefejedbd dlj 2 % dl jb rlsestl`ceb b jb caiprlseó` seipjl dl jb iulstrb l`sbybdb. 4
Iajdls pbrb prlpbrbr prafltbs dl sulja bibsbda a caipbctbda.
Fbjb`zbs qul dl` lj plsa dl jb iulstrb ca` u`b prlceseó` dlj >.2 % dl su plsa tatbj
Oar`a cbpbz dl ib`tl`lr u`b tliplrbturb dl 22> ² < ¾C (63>¾ ² 5 ¾G). Ejustrbceó` 238 Lquepa dl Caiprlseó` seipjl. GEC \@E. Caiprlseó`
WE. ^VACLDEIEL@TA DLJ L@SBUA 2. L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA ^VL^BVBCEÓ@ DL JB I\LSTVB 2.2
Sl lxtrbl iulstrb dlj sulja ja iâs e`bjtlrbdb pasefjl dl u` tbibòa sugecel`tl pbrb padlr trbspartbrjb bj jbfarbtarea se` qul åstb sl dlse`tlkrl y `a sl praduzcb` kreltbs e`tlr`bs qul puldb` bjtlrbr jas rlsujtbdas dlj l`sbya.
Sl dlfl` ib`lhbrjbs iulstrbs cuedbdasbil`tl pbrb prlvl`er bjtlrbceó`, cbifeas l` jb slcceó` trb`svlrsbj y lvetâ`dasl cubjquelr cbifea l` lj ca`tl`eda dl bkub dlj sulja.
^aca b paca sl e`traducl lj tbjjbdar, julka qul lj tbjjbdar pbsb l` su tatbjedbd, sl dlfl cartbr par ja lxtrlias
^brb u`b iulstrb rliadljbdb. Sl plsb jb iulstrb dl bculrda bj plsa lsplcégeca y ca`tl`eda dl ouildbd devedeå`dasl devedeå`dasl l` trls pbrtls.
Sl caipbcta l` trls cbpbs l` lj iajdl cuedb`da qul lj ibtlrebj plsbda `a desie`uyb dlj `evlj carrlspa`del`tl.
Ejustrbceó` 248 Sl cartb u`b iulstrb u` paca ibyar bj tbibòa dlj tbjjbdar. tbjjbdar.
Ejustrbceó` 2<8 sl tbjjb par jas fardls dlj tbjjbdar y sl e`traducl lj tbjjbdar.
4
Fbsbda l` BSTI D-6277, BBSOTA T6>?8 L@SBUA DL CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL
22
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
Ejustrbceó` 2;8 Sl plsb jb cb`tedbd dl iulstrb dl bculrda bj plsa lsplcégeca y parcl`tbhl dl ouildbd dlj sulja.
Ejustrbceó` 278 ^brb iulstrb rliadljbdb caipbctbr jb iulstrb l` trls cbpbs.
Ejustrbceó` 258 Sl dlfl cuedbr qul lj ibtlrebj plsbda `a desie`uy desie`uyb b dlj `evlj `evlj carrlspa`del`tl. carrlspa`del`tl.
Ejustrbceó` 2?8 Sl dlfl rlbjezbr lj l`sbya b jb frlvldbd pbrb `a plrdlr jb ouildbd.
Sl rlbjezb lj ia`tbhl dl jb iulstrb, sl dlfl rlbjezbr lj ia`tbhl safrl jb pbrtl e`glr ear dl jb cljdb dl cartl l` lj sekuel`tl ardl`8
Jb fbsl rb`urbdb. Das peldrbs parasbs. LJ pbplj dl gejtra.
Sl cajacb jb pbrtl suplrear dl jb cljdb, cuedbda qul jas bkuhlras dlj iesia deâiltra lstå` bje`lbdas y julka sl btar`ejjb.
Sl cufrl ca` lj pestó` bje`lâ`daja bj tbjjbdar, pbplj dl gejtra y peldrb parasb julka ca` u`as jeklras kajpls sl l`véb jb iulstrb bj ga`da se` caipbctbr. ^ar øjteia sl rlterb lj tbjjbdar.
Jb iulstrb cub`da yb lstâ cajacbdb ca jacbdb l` lj iajdl dl cartl derlcta l` jb pbrtl suplrear suplre ar sl cajacb lj pbplj dl gejtra, lj ibtlrebj parasa y jb tbpb dlj iajdl.
Sl l`sbifjb jb cbhb dl cartl ca` jas ibrcas bje`lbdas y sl fjaqulb. Sl bpjecb u`b cbpb dl krbsb l`trl jas ibrcas pbrb jakrbr eiplrilbfejedbd durb`tl jb ca`sajedbceó` ca`sajedbceó` y rlducer jb grecceó` durb`tl lj cartl .
26
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
Ejustrbceó` 6>8 Bribda dl jb iulstrb dl`tra dlj iajdl.
Ejustrbceó` 628 Cajacbceó` dlj iajdl dl cartl derlcta
^VL^BVBCEÓ@ DLJ LR\E^A DL CAVTL 2.6 Lj lquepa dl cartl bpjecb jb prlseó` `aribj par cbrkb iulrtb b trbvlz dl u` frbza pbjb`cb qul bipjegecb jb cbrkb dl jbs plsbs par delz. ^brb ca`te`ubr ca` lj l`sbya sl sekul lj sekuel`tl pracldeiel`ta.
Sl dlfl cajacbr lj frbza l` paseceó` oareza`tbj ca` byudb dlj `evlj dl furfuhb, pbrb qul `a sl e`cje`l bj cajacbr jb plsbs sl bhustb jb ib`evljb bj tapl, cuedb`da seliprl jb oareza`tbjedbd dlj frbza. \`b vlz slkura sl cajacb` jbs plsbs qul kl`lrbrâ` jb prlseó` `aribj dlj l`sbya qul kl`lrbjil`tl ls dl >.< Mk/Ci6, 2 Mk/Ci6 y 2.< Mk/Ci6. ^brb lstl tepa dl lquepa jb cbrkb sl cajacb l` lj lxtrlia lquevbjl`tl b jb dåceib pbrtl dl jb gulrzb bpjecbdb safrl lj ârlb (37 ci6) dl jb cljdb dl cartl. Sl taib jb ildedb dlj debj dl cbrkb y dlgaribceó` `aribj pbrb cbdb telipa trb`scurreda (dlgaribceó` tb`kl`cebj) pbrb julka aftl`lr jbs krâgecbs carrlspa`del`tls.
Ejustrbceó` 668 Sl cajacb lj iajdl l` lj lquepa y sl bòbdl bkub pbrb liplzbr ca` lj l`sbya.
23
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
Ejustrbceó` 638 Cubdra dl plsbs qul kl`lrb` jb prlseó` `arib j 3.
Ejustrbceó` 648 Cljdb dl cartl yb cajacbdb l` lj lquepa.
6. L@SBUA DL CAI^VL@SEÓ@ SEI^JL ^VL^BVBCEÓ@ DL JB I\LSTVB 6.2
Deil`sea`ls dl jb prafltb8 Jb prafltb dlfl slr dl slcceó` bpraxeibdbil`tl ca`stb`tl, cercujbr a cubdrbdb, y lhl plrpl`decujbr b decob slcceó`. Su deâiltra a jbda `a dlfl slr e`glrear b 3< ii (2.4") y l` suljas qul prlsl`tb` desca`te`uedbdls sl rlcaiel`db qul slb dl ibyar tbibòa. Jb ibyar pbrtécujb ca`tl`edb l` su e`tlrear dlfl slr, caia iâxeia, ekubj b 2/2> dlj deâiltra a jbda. Se, u`b vlz tlrie`bda lj l`sbya, sl l`cul`trb` pbrtécujbs ibyarls qul decoa tbibòa, sl obrâ ca`stbr lsta, hu`ta ca` jas rlsujtbdas.
Jb rljbceó` dl jb bjturb bj deâiltra a bj jbda dl jb fbsl dlfl slr bpraxeibdbil`tl ekubj, ekubj, y `a e`glrear b 6.
Sl dltlrie`b lj plsa dl jbs prafltbs y slpbrbdbil`tl sl taib u`b iulstrb pbrb dltlrie`br jb ouildbd. Lj plsa dlfl lxcjuer jb cbpb dl ibtlrebj utejezbda pbrb rlgl`tbr jb prafltb.
Ejustrbceó` 6<8 iulstrb dl sulja pbrb slr l`sbybdb l` caiprlseó` seipjl.
24
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
6.6
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
^VL^BVBCEÓ@ DLJ LR\E^A DL CAI^VL@SEÓ@ SEI^JL
Sl iedl` jb bjturb y lj deâiltra a jbda dl jb prafltb, ca` u`b prlceseó` dl >.2 ii ildeb`tl u` cbjefrbdar ca` `a`ea a u` afhlta b`âjaka.
Sl plsb jb iulstrb.
Sl cajacb jb prafltb l` jb prl`sb dl iada qul quldl plrglctbil`tl cl`trbdb. Sl bccea`b lj despaseteva dl bvb`cl ja lstrectbil`tl lstrectbil`t l `lclsbrea pbrb qul jb prafltb taqul b jb pjbcb suplrear dl jb prl`sb. Sl pa`l l` clra lj e`decbdar dl dlgaribcea`ls.
^brb lj cbsa dl jb dlgaribceó` ca`trajbdb, sl bccea`b jb prl`sb dl iada qul jb vljacedbd dl dlgaribceó` u`etbreb dl jb prafltb lstå caiprl`dedb l`trl ¹ % y 6% par ie`uta. Sl taib` ildedbs dl jbs dlgaribcea`ls y dl jbs cbrkbs cbdb 3> slku`das obstb qul jbs cbrkbs caiel`cl` b desie`uer a obstb jjlkbr b u`b dlgaribceó` bxebj dlj 6>% (ja qul b`tls sucldb). Ejustrbceó` 678 Ia`tbhl dlj l`sbya Sl lscaklrâ u`b vljacedbd l` qul jb raturb ratur b acurrb l` u` jbpsa dl caiprlseó` seipjl. l`trl 2 y 2> ie`utas. -L` lj cbsa dl ibtlrebjls iuy fjb`das qul lxoefl` dlgaribcea`ls ibyarls b jb gbjjb, dlflrâ` l`sbybrsl b u`b rbtb ibyar dl dlgaribceó` y ja e`vlrsa pbrb jas ibtlrebjls duras a qulfrbdezas. Sl pracldl b rlbjezbr u` lsqulib dl jb garib dl raturb. Se jb raturb sl praducl b trbvås dl u` pjb`a e`cje`bda, ls ca`vl`el`tl ilder lj â`kuja dl e`cje`bceó` dl decoa pjb`a.
2<
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
WEE.@AVIBS, WEE. @AVIBS, WBJAVLS TÉ^ECAS, BJCB@CL U ^ASEFJLS GBCTAVLS R\L CA@JJLWB@ BJ LVVAV DLJ L@SBUADL CAVTL DEVLCTA U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL. 2. @AVIBS BSTI D-3>?>, BBSOTA T637, ITC L 263-6>>>8 L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
Tel`l par afhlta lstbfjlclr lj pracldeiel` pracldeiel`ta ta dl l`sbya pbrb dltlrie`br jb rlsestl`ceb bj cartl dl u`b iulstrb dl sulja ca`sajedbdb y drl`bdb, par lj iåtada dlj cartl derlcta. Lstl l`sbya puldl rlbjezbrsl safrl tadas jas tepas dl suljas, ca` iulstrbs e`bjtlrbdbs y rliadljbdbs. Lj l`sbya dl cartl derlcta sl rlbjezb ca` lj afhlteva pre`cepbj dl dltlrie`br lj vbjar dljb caolseó`, bsé caia lj â`kuja dl grecceó` e`tlr`b dl u` sulja sailteda b lsgulrza cartb`tl. Jb prulfb dl cartl derlcta ls bdlcubdb pbrb u` l`sbya ca`sajedbda drl`bda parqul jbs trbylctarebs dl drl`bhl b trbvås dlj lspåceil` dl l`sbya sa` cartbs, plrietel`da par lsta qul jas lxclsas dl jbs prlsea`ls dl para slb` desepbdas fbstb`tl râpedbil`tl. < BSTI D-6277, BBSOTA T6>?8 L@SBUA DL CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL
Tel`l par ge`bjedbd, dltlrie`br jb rlsestl`ceb b jb caiprlseó` `a ca`ge`bdb (qu), dl u` ceje`dra dl sulja caolseva a slie-caolseva, l e`derlctbil`tl jb rlsestl`ceb bj cartl (qc), par jb lxprlseó`8
Lstl câjcuja sl fbsb l` lj olcoa dl qul lj lsgulrza pre`cepbj il`ar ls clra (yb qul bj sulja ja radlb sója jb prlseó` btiasgår ecb) y qul lj â`kuja dl grecceó` e`tlr`b (Χ) dlj sulja sl supa`l clra. Dlfeda b `uilrasas lstudeas, sl ob olcoa lvedl`tl qul lstl l`sbya kl`lrbjil`tl `a praparcea`b u` vbjar fbstb`tl ca`gebfjl dl jb rlsestl`ceb bj cartl dl u` sulja caolseva, dlfeda b jb pårdedb dl jb rlstrecceó` jbtlrbj pravestb par jb ibsb dl sulja, jbs ca`decea`ls e`tlr`bs dlj sulja caia lj krbda dl sbturbceó` a jb prlseó` dl paras qul `a puldl ca`trajbrsl y jb grecceó` l` jas lxtrlias praducedbs par jbs pjbcbs dl bpaya. Se` lifbrka, se jas rlsujtbdas sl e`tlrprltb` bdlcubdbil`tl, rlca`acel`da jbs dlgecel`cebs dlj l`sbya, lstas slrâ` rbza`bfjlil`tl ca`gebfjls. 7
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Fbsbdb l` jb `arib BSTI D-3>?>. Fbsbdb l` jb `arib BSTI D-6277.
7
27
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
6. WBJAVLS TÉ^ECAS 6.2 L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
Jas vbjarls dl â`kujas dl grecceó` drl`bdb pbrb brl`bs y jeias sl prlsl`tb` l` jb sekuel`tl tbfjb.;
6.6 L@SBUA DL CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL
Slkø` lj vbjar dl jb rlsestl`ceb iâxeib b caiprlseó` seipjl, u`b brcejjb sl puldl cjbsegecbr dlj iada qul sl e`decb b ca`te`ubceó` (Tlrzbkoe y ^lcm, 25<<).
3. BJCB@CLS 3.2 BSTI D-3>?> L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
Lstl iåtada dl l`sbya cufrl jb dltlrie`bceó` dl jb rlsestl`ceb bj cartl ca`sajedbda drl`bda dl u` sulja l` cartl derlcta. Jb prulfb sl jjlvb b cbfa par dlgaribceó` dl u` lspåceil` b u`b vljacedbd dl dlgaribceó` ca`trajbdb. Kl`lrbjil`tl sl l`sbyb` trls a iâs iulstrbs cbdb u`a fbha u`b cbrkb `aribj deglrl`tl pbrb padlr dltlrie`br jas lglctas safrl jb rlsestl`ceb bj cartl y dlspjbzbiel`ta y jb l`vajvl`tl dl Iaor. Jas lsgulrzas lsgulrzas dl cartl y dlspjbzbiel dlspjbzbiel`ta `ta `a lstâ` u`egarilil`tl u`egarilil`tl destrefuedas destrefuedas dl`tra dlj lspåceil`. \`b bjturb bprapebdb `a puldl slr dlge`edb pbrb lj câjcuja dl jb dlgaribceó` par cartl. ^ar ja tb`ta, jbs rljbcea`ls dl lsgulrza-dlgaribceó` a
;
Cubdra taibdb dlj jefra8 Gu`dbil`tas dl E`kl`elréb Klatåc`ecb, Frbhb I. Dbs (6>>2). Cbpétuja ;
2;
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
cubjquelr cub`tegecbceó` bsacebdb, tbj caia jas iódujas, `a puldl` slr dltlrie`bdas dlsdl lstb prulfb
Jb dltlrie`bceó` dl jb l`vajvl`tl dl jb rlsestl`ceb y lj dlsbrrajja dl cretlreas pbrb e`tlrprltbr e`tlrprlt br y lvbjubr jas rlsujtbdas dlj l`sbya ls dlhbdb b cretlrea dlj e`kl`elra a b jb agece`b agece`b qul sajeceta sajeceta lj l`sbya.
Jas rlsujtbdas dlj l`sbya puldl` slr bglctbdas par jb prlsl`ceb dl pbrtécujbs dl sulja a racb, a bifas, (vlr Slcceó` ;).
Jbs ca`decea`ls dlj l`sbya e`cjuyl`da lj lsgulrza `aribj y jb ouildbd bifel`tbj sa` sljlccea`bdbs pbrb qul rlprlsl`tl` jbs ca`decea`ls dl cbipa qul vel`l` sel`da e`vlstekbdbs. Jb vljacedbd dl cartl dlfl slr ja sugecel`tlil`tl fbhb pbrb bslkurbr jbs ca`decea`ls dl drl`bhl.
4. GBCTAVLS R\L CA@JJLWB@ BJ LVVAV DL JAS L@SBUAS
Lrrarls l` cbjefrbceó` dl dlj lquepa 8 Jb cbjefrbceó` sl rlbjezb pbrb dltlrie`br jb dlgaribceó` dlj bpbrbta cub`da lstâ suhlta b jb cbrkb dl ca`sajedbceó ca`sajedbceó`, `, dl iada qul pbrb jb cbrkb dl ca`sajedbceó` `aribj jb dlgjlxeó` dlj bpbrbta puldb slr rlstbdb dl jbs dlgaribcea`lss afslrvbdbs. ^ar ja tb`ta, sajbil`tl jb dlgaribceó` dlfeda b jb dlgaribcea`l ca`sajedbceó` dl jb iulstrb slrâ rlpartbdb pbrb tada lj l`sbya. Jb cbjefrbceó` dl jbs cbrbctlréstecbs dl cbrkb -dlgaribceó` dlj lquepa `lclsetb slr lhlcutbdb, cub`da åstl l`trl l` slrvecea par preilrb vlz a cub`da sl cbifel` pbrtl dl sus caipa`l`tls.
Cartbr lj lspåceil` b u`b vljacedbd `a bdlcubdb8 Jb vljacedbd dlj l`sbya dlfl slr jb lstepujbdb, yb qul se ls iuy râpedb l` l`sbyas drl`bdas, jb prlseó` dl paras `a ls cbpbz dl desepbrsl. Sljlccea`br jb vljacedbd dl dlspjbzbiel`ta bprapebdb. Cartbr bj lspåceil` b u`b vljacedbd rljbtevbil`tl fbhb, pbrb qul `a lxestb u` lxclsa dl prlseó` dl paras l` jb gbjjb.
Lrrarls l` jb taib dl dbtas dl jas debjls8 dlflias taibr btl`ceó` l` jb taibd dl dbtas yb qul lj debj ls iuy sl`sefjl, tel`l u`b sl`sefejedbd dl >.>>6< ii pbrb ilder lj cbifea dl lsplsar y >.>>2 ii pbrb lj dlspjbzbiel`ta oareza`tbj.
@a obfel`da lsplcegecbcea`ls dl prlceseó` y slska lstbdésteca l` lstb `arib8 jb prlceseó` dl lstl iåtada dlpl`dl dl jb caipltl`ceb dd plrsa`bj qul rlbjezb lj l`sbya y dl jb bdlcubfejedbd dl jas lquepas l eipjlil`tas utejezbdas.
Ls ca`vl`el`tl rlcardbr qul lj prapóseta dl lglctubr l`sbyas dl cartl l` lj jbfarbtarea ls rlpraducer jbs setubcea`ls dlj tlrrl`a, plra caia jbs ca`decea`ls e` setu lstâ` l` ltbpb dl e`vlstekbceó`, lj ilhar l`sbya dl jbfarbtarea slrâ bqulj l` qul ilhar sl l`tel`db` y ca`trajl` jbs ca`decea`ls dl gbtekb y dlgaribceó` tbj caia acurrl l` u` l`sbya trebxebj.
2?
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
WEEE.
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
KVÂGECBS U VLS\JTBDAS
2. CAVTL DEVLCTA 8 SLVEL 2? ^LSA DL JB I\LSTVB OØILDB BJ BJ GE@BJ DLJ L@SBUA (kr.) DLGAVIBCEÓ@ TELI^A TB@KL@CEBJ TVB@SC\VVEDA > > > > 6< >.< <> 2 ;< 2.< 2>> 6 2<> 3 6>> 4 6<> < 3>> 7 3<> ; 4>> ? 4<> 5 <>> 2> <<> 22 7>> 26 7<> 23 ;>> 24 ;<> 2< ?>> 27
^VAFLTB @¾ >2
^VAFLTB @¾ >6
^VAFLTB @¾ >3
227.2
22<.3
224.;
DEBJ DL CBVKB > > 4.6 ?.5 26 24.; 2;.2 25.< 62 66.5 64.; 67.< 6;.2 6;.? 6?.5 3>.2 3>.; 32.6 32.6 32.6
DLG. @AVIBJ > 34; 3<3 3> 4>6 4>< 4>4 4>4 4>2 357
DEBJ DL CBVKB > > ?.6 23.6 27.; 6>.? 64.6 6;.2 65.< 36.; 37 35.; 43.5 <> <4.; <5.4 7>.2 7>.< 7>.; 7>.;
DLG. @AVIBJ > 736 73; 735 743 74? 7<6 7<7 772 77< 77? 7;> 7;3 7;3 7;3 7;< 7;4 7;> 777 772
DEBJ DL CBVKB > > 22.5 6>.; 65.3 4>.2 <2.< 7>.; 7?.3 ;2.6 ;;.5 ?3 ?;.7 5>.6 56.5 54 54.3 54.< 54.< 54.<
DLG. @AVIBJ > 754 ;>3 ;>? ;26 ;27 ;2? ;66 ;6< ;6? ;34 ;35 ;43 ;4; ;<> ;<6 ;<6 ;<> ;47 ;4<
Ejustrbceó` 6;8 Slrel 2 dbdb par lj praglsar dl prâctecb prâctecbs. s.
C\VWB DL DLGAVIBCEÓ@ TB@KL@CEBJ WS LSG\LVXA DL CAVTL
Lj lsgulrza cartb`tl pbrb cbdb pu`ta sl cbjcujb ca` jb sekuel`tl rljbceó`8 L
9
∛
L8 Lsgulrza dl cartl. M8 Ca`stb`tl dlj b`ejja dl cbrkb. (^brb ( ^brb lj lquepa dl cartl rlsedubj ekubj b >.32<) JD8 Jlcturb dl jb cajui`b dlj debj dl cbrkb. B8 Ârlb dlj iajdl. iajdl. (3<.76 ci6)
^brb lj câjcuja dl jb dlgaribceó` tb`kl`cebj sl usb jb sekuel`tl trbsgaribceó`8 Dlg (ci) 9 Dlg (dev)*>.>>2
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@ATB8 Sl bdhu`tb jas câjcujas y krâgecas rlbjezbdas b ib`a par lj bjui`a l` lj b`lxa dlj e`garil.
25
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
^brb lj lsgulrza dl cartl sl cartl sl utejezb8 Cartl (mk/ci6) 9 M*Jlct cbrkb. (Dev.)/ Ârlb
Aftl`eå`dasl pbrb cbdb jb prafltb 28 ^VAFLTB @¾ >2- CBVKB >.< Mk,/ci6 ^LSA O\ILDA8 227.2 227.2 kr. DEBJ DL CBVKB > > 4.6 ?.5 26 24.; 2;.2 25.< 62 66.5 64.; 67.< 6;.2 6;.? 6?.5 3>.2 3>.; 32.6 32.6 32.6
DLG. @AVIBJ LSG\LVXA DL CAVTL DLG. (dev) (Mk/ci6) TB@KL@CEBJ (ci). > >.>>> >.>>> 34; >.>>> >.>>> 3<3 >.>3; >.>6< 3.>;5 >.><> 372 >.2>7 >.>;< 374 >.23> >.2>> 37? >.2<2 >.2<> 3;2 >.2;6 >.6>> 3;< >.2?7 >.6<> 3?6 >.6>3 >.3>> 3?5 >.62? >.3<> 352 >.634 >.4>> 357 >.64> >.4<> 4>> >.647 >.<>> 4>6 >.6<7 >.<<> 4>< >.677 >.7>> 4>4 >.6;2 >.7<> 4>4 >.6;7 >.;>> 4>2 >.6;7 >.;<> 357 >.6;7 >.?>> LSG. CAVTL
.
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Ejustrbceó` 6?8 tbfjbs dl lsgulrza dl cartl vs. Dlg. Tb`kl`cebj y vbjar dl lsgulrza dl cartl iâxeia pbrb u`b cbrkb dl >.< Mk/ci 6.
6>
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
^brb cbdb jb prafltb 68 ^VAFLTB @¾ >6- CBVKB 2 Mk,/ci6 ^LSA O\ILDA 8 227.2 kr. DEBJ DL DLG. @AVIBJ LSG\LVXA DL DLG. CBVKB (dev) (dev) CAVTL (Mk/ci6) TB@KL@CEBJ (ci). > > >.>>> >.>>> > 34; >.>>> >.>>> ?.6 3<3 >.>;3 >.>6< 23.6 3.22; >.><> 372 >.24? >.>;< 27.; 6>.? 374 >.2?4 >.2>> 64.6 37? >.624 >.2<> 6;.2 3;2 >.64> >.6>> 65.< 3;< >.672 >.6<> 36.; 3?6 >.6?5 >.3>> 37 3?5 >.32? >.3<> 35.; 352 >.3<2 >.4>> 357 >.3?? >.4<> 43.5 <> 4>> >.446 >.<>> <4.; 4>6 >.4?4 >.<<> 4>< >.<6< >.7>> <5.4 7>.2 4>4 >.<32 >.7<> 7>.< 4>4 >.<3< >.;>> 7>.; 4>2 >.<3; >.;<> 7>.; 357 >.<3; >.?>> LSG. CAVTL IÂ_.
>.<3;
Ejustrbceó` 658 tbfjbs dl lsgulrza dl cartl vs. Dlg. Tb`kl`cebj y vbjar dl lsgulrza dl cartl iâxeia pbrb u`b cbrkb dl 2 Mk/ci6.
62
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
^brb cbdb jb prafltb 38
^VAFLTB @¾ >2- CBVKB 2.< Mk,/ci6 ^LSA O\ILDA8 227.2 kr. DEBJ DL DLG. @AVIBJ LSG\LVXA DL DLG. CBVKB (dev) (dev) CAVTL (Mk/ci6) TB@KL@CEBJ (ci). > > >.>>> >.>>> > 34; >.>>> >.>>> 22.5 3<3 >.2>< >.>6< 6>.; 3.2?3 >.><> 372 >.6<5 >.>;< 65.3 4>.2 374 >.3<< >.2>> <2.< 37? >.4<< >.2<> 7>.; 3;2 >.<3; >.6>> 7?.3 3;< >.7>4 >.6<> ;2.6 3?6 >.73> >.3>> ;;.5 3?5 >.7?5 >.3<> ?3 352 >.;34 >.4>> 357 >.;;< >.4<> ?;.7 5>.6 4>> >.;5? >.<>> 56.5 4>6 >.?66 >.<<> 54 4>< >.?32 >.7>> 54.3 4>4 >.?34 >.7<> 4>4 >.?37 >.;>> 54.< 54.< 4>2 >.?37 >.;<> 54.< 357 >.?37 >.?>> LSG. CAVTL IÂ_.
>.?37
Ejustrbceó` 3>8 tbfjbs dl lsgulrza dl cartl vs. Dlg. Tb`kl`cebj y vbjar dl lsgulrza dl cartl iâxeia pbrb u`b cbrkb dl 2.< Mk/ci6
66
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
Ge`bjil`tl sl prlsl`tb jb krâgecb dlj lsgulrza dl cartl vs dlgaribceó` tb`kl`cebj dl jbs trls prafltbs dl jb slrel 28
LSG\LVXA DL CAVTL (Mk/ci6) vs.DLG. TB@KL@C B@KL@CEBJ EBJ (ci). ^VAFLTB 2,6,3. >.5>> >.?>> ) 6 >.;>> i c / k >.7>> M ( l t r >.<>> a c l >.4>> d a z r >.3>> l u g s >.6>> L
^VAFLTB @¾ >2- CBVKB >.< Mk,/ci6 ^VAFLTB @¾ @¾ >6- CBVKB CBVKB 2 Mk,/ci6 ^VAFLTB @¾ >2- CBVKB 2.< Mk,/ci6
>.2>> >.>>> >.>>>
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Dlgaribceó` Tb`kl`cebj (ci)
C\VWB DL LSG\LVXA @AVIBJ WS. LSG\LVXA DL CAVTL C AVTL IÂ_EIA DL JAS DBTAS DL CBDB SLVEL SL AFTEL@L LJ IÂ_EIA LSG\LVXA DL CAVTL8 LSG. CAVTL (mk/ci6) LSG. @AVIBJ (mk/ci6)
>.6;7 >.<>>
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y 9 >.<7x >.<7x - >.>2> >.>2>3 3
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63
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
DLTLVIE@BCEÓ@ DLJ Â@K\JA DL GVECCEÓ@ U JB CAOLSEÓ@ DL JB KVÂGECB B@TLVEAV8 9 BVCTK (>.<7) 9 65.6<¾ B^VA_. C 9 >.>2>3 >
6. CAI^VL@SEA@ SEI^JL KVÂGECA DL LSG\LVXA WS DLGAVIBCEÓ@ CA@DECEA@LS E@ECEBJLS DEÂILTVA (ii) BJT\VB (ci)
<6.3 27.77
B@EJJA (M@) [. O\ILDA E@E. kr. [. SLCA kr. KVBW. LS^LC. ÂVLB E@ECEBJ (ci6)
6? 6263.< 6>4<.? 6.;42 <3.25;
CA@DECEÓ@ GE@BJ DEÂILTVA (ii) BJT\VB (ii) BVLB GE@BJ (ci6)
?4.6 272.4 <<.7?
M 9 6?M@-dev Ejustrbceó` 328 Slrel dl dbtas gbcejetbdas par lj praglsar dl prâctecb.
Sl usb` jbs trbsgaribcea`ls8
Dlg (ci) 9 dlg (dev)*>.>>2 l (%) 9 dlg (ci) /Bjturb e`ecebj (ci) G (m@) 9 m* Jlct. Cbrkb (dev) A (I^b) 9 G/Brlb e`ecebj (ci6) Aci (Ipb) 9A (Ipb)* (Ârlb e`ecebj/Ârlb Ge`bj) Cu9 Ac/6
64
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
DEBJ DLG.
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Ge`bjil`tl jb krâgecb dl lsgulrza dlgaribceó` dl jb iulstrb dl sulja ls jb sekuel`tl.
KVÂGECB DL LSG LSG.. WS DLGAVIBCEA@ 27>>.>> 24>>.>> ) 26>>.>> b ^ I2>>>.>> ( A X V L \ G S L
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E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
E_. C\LSTEA@BVEA 2. ±DL R\Å IB@LVB SL OBVÉB LJ L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA L@ \@B KVBWB R\L TEL@L TBIBÒA ^VLDAIE@B@TL 3’, CB@TAS L@ \@ 2>% DL TBIBÒA IÂ_EIA 26’ U FAJLAS BESJBDAS DL OBSTB 6<’1
\` l`sbya dl cartl derlcta l` jbfarbtarea sl obcl kl`lrbjil` k l`lrbjil`tl tl pbrb suljas krb`ujbrls, da`dl su prapea `aifrl ja decl, l`ca`trbias jb prlsl`ceb dl krb`as8 Jb sajuceó` qul prapa`ka slreb bribr u` lquepa qul tl`kb praparcea`ls bdlcubdbs y seiejbrls b jbs dlj l`sbya dl cartl l` jbfarbtarea (krb`ujbrls), ls dlcer u` lquepa b lscbjb (iâs krb`dl), qul praparcea`ls lsgulrzas dl cartl praparcea`bjls bj tbibòa dl jas Ejustrbceó` 368 L`sbya dl cartl d erlcta ‚e` setu’ caipa`l`tls dl jb iulstrb y sl caipartl l` ja pasefjl ja iâs seiejbr bj l`sbya dl cartl derlcta l` suljas krb`ujbrls, bjka seiejbr bj l`sbya plra ca` ibyar dltbjjl y par supulsta u`b ilhar cbjefrbceó` dlj lquepa8
Lj l`sbya dl cartl derlcta ls pbrb suljas ge`as caia8 brl`bs dl`sbs a suljtbs, brcejjbs jeias, lsta dlfeda b qul l` jbs pbrtécujbs iâs krb`dls lj rlsujtbda `a slréb øtej, yb qul lstbs pbrtécujbs puldl` trbfbrsl l`trl sé, kl`lrb`da dbtas gbjsas y paca rlprlsl`tbtevas. Se` lifbrka, sl puldl utejezbr u` lquepa iâs krb`dl dl cartl derlcta, qul dbréb rlsujtbdas iâs rlprlsl`tbtevas y iucoa iâs gebfjls, caia par Ejustrbceó` 338 Lquepa dl cartl derlcta "e` setu" CESIED. lhlipja ls lj lquepa eipjlil`tbda par lj CESIED, lstl plrietl l`sbyas dl cartl derlcta pbrb suljas krbvasas b krb` lscbjb, bu`qul lj deâiltra iâxeia plrieteda ls dl 4――, jas rlsujtbdas sl bslilhb` iucoa iâs b ja rlbj.
67
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA’
6. SL TEL@L \@B BVL@B DL D\@B ±CØBJLS SA@ JAS J AS ^BVÂILTVAS A L@SBUAS R\L DLFLVÉB CA@ACLV B@TLS DL CAJACBV LJ IBTLVEBJ L@ JB J B CLJDB DL CAVTL1
B`tls dlj l`sbya l`sbya dl cartl derlcta, derlcta, sl `lclsetb bjku`as bjku`as pbrâiltras pbrâiltras caia8
Krb`ujailtréb8 yb qul l` lj l`sbya saja l`trb` jas qul pbsb` jb ibjjb @¾ >4. Ca`tl`eda dl ouildbd. L`sbya dl ca`sajedbceó`8 ^brb cbjcujbr jas bsl`tbiel`tas par ca`sajedbceó`. Dl`sedbd slcb. Dl`sedbd Oøildb.
Ls iuy eipartb`tl rlbjezbr y `a aieter lstas l`sbyas dlfeda b sus deglrl`cebs ca` jas rlsujtbdass l` lstb prulfb, caipbrbda ca` jbs brl`bs dl`sbs. rlsujtbda 3. SE L@ LJ VLS\JTBDA DLJ L@SBUA L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA DL \@ \@ S\LJA KVBWASA (K[ A K^) A BVL@ASA (S^ A S[) JB I\LSTVB TEL@L CAOLSEÓ@, ±R\Å CA@SEDLVBCEA@LS SL DLFLVEB TAIBV ^BVB LJ CÂJC\JA DL JB CB^BCEDBD ^AVTB@TL1
Jas pre`cepeas gu`dbil`tbjls safrl jb cbpbcedbd partb`tl sl fbsb` l` jb tlaréb dl lquejefrea pjâsteca prapulstb par Judwek ^rb`dtj (2562). Lstb tlaréb lstudeb lj lglcta dl jb pl`ltrbceó` dl u` afhlta dura l` u` ibtlrebj iucoa iâs fjb`da. Jb tlaréb dl ^rb`dtj tel`l bjku`bs prlsu`cea`ls qul sl bjlhb` dl jb rlbjedbd dl jbs ceil`tbcea`ls8 Lj sulja ls esótrapa y oaiakå`la. Jb ceil`tbceó` e`ge`etbil`t e`ge`etbil`tl l jbrkb. Jb e`tlrgbcl e`tlrgbcl (ca`tbcta) l`trl jb ceil`tbceó` ceil`tbceó` y lj sulja ls jesb. jesb. Jb ceil`tbceó` lstâ bpaybdb l` jb suplrgec suplrgecel el dlj tlrrl`a (Dg 9 >). B ja jbrka dl jas bòas sl ob` edl`tegecb edl`tegecbda da eiprlcesea`ls dl lstb tlaréb bj bpjecbrsl l` suljas y sl ob` ob` prapulsta jbs rlsplctevbs rlsplctevbs carrlccea`ls. carrlccea`ls. ^brb u`b caolseó` ca`stb`tl, jb rlsestl`ceb b ja jbrka dlj pjb`a dl gbjjb sl lxprlsb caia8 S9 c+ tb`
L`ta`cls sl dlfl dl tl`lr cuedbda l` lj câjcuja, yb qul se tel`l caolseó` bu`qul slb iuy plqulòb, ls eipartb`tl obstb celrta pu`ta= dlfeda b qul cbifeb jb garib ca` jb cubj cbjcujbr jb cbpbcedbd partb`tl dlj sulja qul ls l` ge` lj afhlteva dlj cursa.
6;
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
_. CA@CJ\SEA@LS
^brb suljas @a Caolsevas lj vbjar dl C ls clra (tlórecbil`tl) plra l` jb prâctecb `a ls bsé puls sl puldl aftl`lr u` vbjar dl C dlfeda b jas lglctas dl jb tl`seó` suplrgecebj dl jas ibtlrebjls oøildas `a caolsevas b il`uda qul praducl u` vbjar dl caolseó` ls krb`dl qul dlflréb dlsprlcebrsl b il`as qul lstl l` lj ardl` dl 2> b 2< m^b.
Lj Ârlb dl jb iulstrb cbifeb b ildedb qul lj l`sbya prakrlsb se` qul lsta slb dlibsebda sek`egecbteva yb qul jb ibyaréb dl dlgaribcea`ls gbjjb` b dlgaribcea`ls fbhbs.
L` lj l`sbya usb u`b iulstrb iuy plqulòb par lj ca`sekuel`tl l` lj rlsujtbda jas lrrarls dl prlpbrbceó` sa` sa` eipartb`tls eipartb`tls par ja cubj ls `lclsbrea lstbr pl`del`tls dl tada lj praclsa.
Jb caolseó` l` l`sbyas se` drl`br l` u`b krb` ildedb dlpl`dl dlj ca`tl`eda dl ouildbd, y lj â`kuja dl grecceó` e`tlr`b dlpl`dlrâ dl jb rljbceó` dl vbcéas y dl jb garib dl jbs pbrtécujbs.
6?
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
_E. VLCAIL@DBCEA@LS
Bslkørlsl dl qul qul jbs peldrbs parasbs parasbs dl qul sl l`cul`trb` l` jb cbhb cbhb dl cartl y plrietel`da trb`scurrer telipa sugecel`tl pbrb qul tl`kb jukbr jb sbturbceó`.
Ls rlcail`dbfjl `a utejezbr tbsbs dl dlgaribceó` u`etbrebs dlibsebda bjtbs yb qul ls pasefjl qul jb cbrkb peca lstå l`trl jbs das jlcturbs.
Ls `lclsbrea rlbjezbr lj l`sbya dl caiprl`seó` b u` retia jl`ta pbrb qul `a sl vlb bglctbda lj l`sbya.
65
E@GAVIL @¾>68 ‚L@SBUA DL CAVTL DEVLCTA
U CAI^VLSEÓ@ SEI^JL DL \@B I\LSTVB DL S\LJA ’
_EE.FEFJEAKVBGEB _EE. FEFJEAKVBGEB
Ilcâ`ecb dl suljas. Taia E ‚Gu`dbil`tas dl jb Ilcâ`ecb dl Suljas. Lujbjea
Huârlz Fbfbdejja (25?>) Gu`dbil`tas dl E`kl`elréb Klatåc`ecb, Frbhb I. Dbs (6>>2). Cbpétuja ;. @arib BSTI – D3>?>. BSTI D-6277 Ca`sajedbceó` dl suljas. Sejveb B`klja`l (6>>6). ottps8//www.itc.kaf.pl Ib`ubj dl l`sbya dl Ibtlrebjls.
_EEE. B@L_AS 2. KBJLVEB DL GATAKVBGEBS BDECEA@BJLS
Ejustrbceó` 3<8 Gbjjb dlj sulja par lsgulrza cartb`tl dlspuås dlj l`sbya dl cartl derlcta.
Ejustrbceó` 348 Bribda dlj iajdl pbrb slr cajacbda l` lj lquepa dl cartl derlcta.
3>
