English Starter Grammar ﾧ Back Lične zamenice: 1 2 3
I You He/ she/ it
1. We 2. You 3. They
Lične zamenice prati glagol Prisvojni pridevi: My Your His Her Its
Our Your Their
Prisvojne prideve prati imenica Član a/an Član a i an se koriste sa zanimanjima. a stoji ispred reči koje počinju na suglasnik (b, c, d...) a teacher a businessman an stoji ispred reči koje počinju na samoglasnik (a, e, i, o, u) an actor an engineer Glagol to be 4 5 6
Potvrdni oblik I am you are he is she is
1. We are 2. You are 3. They are
it is Odrični oblik 7 I'm not 8 you aren't 9 he isn’t she isn’t it isn’t
1. We aren't 2. You aren't 3. They aren't
Upitni oblik 10 am I...? 11 are you...? 12 is he...? is she...? is it...?
1. are we...? 2. are you...? 3. are they...?
Jednina i množina imenica a hotel – hotels a student – students a bus – buses a city – cities a man – men a woman – women a child – children a person – people this, that, these, those This i these koristimo kada govorimo o ljudima/stvarima koje su nam blizu. This se koristi za jedninu, dok se these koristi za množinu. I like this table. I want these shoes. That i those koristimo kada govorimo o ljudima/stvarima koje nisu blizu nas. That se koristi za jedninu, dok se those koristi za množinu. Do you like that picture on the wall? Who are those children outside? there is / there are there is se koristi u jednini: There's a car park near the station.
There isn't a cinema in our town. Is there a post office in this street? there are se koristi u množini: There are three hotels. There aren't any restaurants. Are there any shops here? some / any some se koristi u potvrdnim rečenicama There are some shops. any se koristi u odričnim i upitnim rečenicama There aren't any people. Are there any shops? Prisvojno ‘s ‘s se može koristiti da prikaže pripadnost This is Tom’s book. (ovo je Tomova knjiga) Laura is Tony’s wife. (Laura je Tonijeva žena) Zapamtite! Laura’s a student. ‘s = is Carlos is Laura’s father. ‘s = possessive Prosto sadašnje vreme Present Simple Tense Sadašnje vreme svih glagola obrazuje se tako da se uz glagolska vremena uvek stavljaju lične zamenice. Jedino se treće lice jednine prezenta razlikuje od ostalih lica, jer dobija nastavak "-s" ili "-es", osim glagola: to be - biti, to have - imati, can, may - moći, must - morati, ought to - trebati. Nastavak "-s" za sadašnje vreme izgovara se kao "s" ako dolazi iza bezvučnog suglasnika, ili "z" ako dolazi iza zvučnog suglasnika ili samoglasnika: he speaks (hi spi:ks), he reads (hiri:dz). Glagoli koji se završavaju na s, x, z, sh i ch obrazuju treće lice jednine nastavkom "-es": he dresses, he teaches. Glagoli koji se u infinitivu završavaju na "-y", kad ispred "y" stoji suglasnik, menjaju "y" u "i" u trećem licu jednine: to cry (he cries), to try (to tries). Odrični oblik sadašnjeg vremena pravi se tako što se uzme sadašnje vreme pomoćnog glagola "to do", pa se zatim doda negacija "not" i infinitiv glagola, bez
predloga "to": I write (ja pišem) - I do not write, I don't write Upitni oblik sadašnjeg vremena pravi se tako što se uzme sadašnje vreme pomoćnog glagola "to do" u inverziji i infinitiv glagola, bez predloga "to". You write (ti pišeš) - Do you write? (pišeš li?) Sadašnje prosto vreme se upotrebljava: -da označi radnju čije trajanje nije određeno: I write (ja pišem), I work (ja radim); -da potvrdi jednu poznatu istinu: Fish live in water (ribe žive u vodi); -da označi radnju koja se vrši po navici: I always get up early (uvek ustajem rano); -da označi radnju koja se ponavlja: I have an English lesson three times a week (imam čas engleskog tri puta nedeljno). Upitne reči Where……………ask about a PLACE What……………..ask about a THING Who……………...ask about a PERSON When…………….ask about a TIME Why……………...ask about a REASON How many……….ask about a NUMBER Prilozi učestalosti never not usually sometimes usually always 0% …………………………………………….100% Prilozi on on Monday onThurs day afternoon
can / can’t
in in morning in afternoon in evening
at at half past
the five the the
at ten o’clock at weekend at night
Potvrdan
Odričan oblik
Upitni oblik
oblik I You He canswim. She play the We guitar. They
I You He can’tswim. can She play the We guitar. They
can’t
Can I Can you Can he Can she Can we Can they
Kratki odgovori Yes, I can. Yes, she can. Yes, they can. No, I can’t. No, she can’t. No, they can’t.
Prošlo vreme glagola to be Potvrdni oblik 13 I was 14 you were 15 he was she was it was Odrični oblik 16 I wasn't 17 you weren't 18 he wasn’t she wasn’t it wasn’t Upitni oblik 19 was I...? 20 were you...? 21 was he...? was she...? was it...?
1. We were 2. You were 3. They were
1. We weren't 2. You weren't 3. They weren't
1. were we...? 2. were you...? 3. were they...?
was i were se takođe mogu koristiti uz there kada govorimo o prošlosti There was a large park. There weren’t any good restaurants. How many people were there? Prošlo prosto vreme Past Simple Tense
Da bi napravili prošlo prosto vreme koristimo infinitiv i prošli oblik (preterit) glagola. a) potvrdna rečenica: subjekat + glavni glagol u prošlom obliku (preteritu) I lived in that house when I was young. (živeo sam u toj kući kada sam bio mlad) She played basketball last week. (ona je igrala košarku prošle nedelje) b) odrična rečenica: subjekat + preterit od "do" + not + infinitiv glavnog glagola He didn't like the movie. (nije mu se dopao film) Mary did not go to work last Monday. (Mary nije otišla na posao prošlog ponedeljka) c) upitna rečenica: preterit od "do"+ subjekat + infinitiv glavnog glagola Did you play tennis last week? (jesi li igrao tenis prošle nedelje?) Did he watch TV last night? (da li je gledao TV sinoć?) Glagol did (preterit od "do") u svim licima ima isti oblik. I did not go to London. (nisam bio u Londonu) You did not go to London. He did not go to London. itd. Glagol be nema u svim licima isti oblik, upitnu rečenicu pravimo zamenom subjekta i glagola. I, he, she, it was here. - Was I, he, she, it here? You were here. - Were you here? Ako se glagol završava na suglasnik ispred kojeg stoji kratak naglašen vokal, krajnji samoglasnik se udvostručava: plan - planned skip - skipped Krajnje "l" se uvek udvostručava: level - levelled call - called Ako glagol završava na "-y" ispred kojeg se nalazi suglasnik, "y" menja u "i": worry - worried cry - cried Prosto prošlo vreme koristimo:
-da se izrazi radnja koja se desila u prošlosti i potpuno završila pa nema nikakve veze sa sadašnjošću: I was in Liverpool last year. (bio sam u Liverpulu prošle godine); -da se izrazi radnja koja je trajala neko vreme u prošlosti bez ikakve veze sa sadašnjošću: We went to school when we were children. (išli smo u školu kada smo bili deca); -kada govorimo o stvarima koje želimo da se dogode ili bi trebalo da se dogode: It's time they were back. (vreme je da se vrate) I wish I had a new computer. (voleo bi da imam novi kompjuter) -u zavisnoj rečenici ako je u glavnoj prosto prošlo vreme (slaganje vremena): The policeman told me I drove too fas. (policajac mi je rekao da sam prebrzo vozio) Kada kažemo kada ili gde se radnja dogodila, moramo koristiti prosto prošlo vreme, a ne složeno sadašnje vreme (present perfect tense). want + imenica + I want a mobile phone. - She doesn't want any furniture. ? Do you want some new shoes? want to + glagol + We want to go to the beach. - He doesn't want to watch TV. ? Does she want to go swimming? going to - potvrdne rečenice: I'm going to meet my friends tomorrow. You’re going to do your homework. He’s/ she’s going to play tennis this afternoon. We’re going to see a film tonight. They’re going to get married next month. - odrične rečenice: I'm not going to meet my friends tomorrow. You’re not going to do your homework. He’s/ she’s not going to play tennis this afternoon.
We’re not going to see a film tonight. They’re not going to get married next month. - upitne rečenice: What are they going to do this evening? Are you going to ask her tonight? -
Nekada koristimo ove reči i fraze sa going to: this afternoon/ evening tonight tomorrow next week/ weekend/ month/ year
Back made by IT SECTOR
