GONDRY
Lieutenant du J5e Regiment J
I
d'Artillerie
de campagne
Professeur de I'Enseignement second aire charg6 \de cours <' I'Kcolc d Artilleric fe / mtainebleau
d'
Anglais
French and English
Artillery Technical
Vocabulary SPECIALLY DESIGNED
for the use of French Artillery instructors in the U. S.
Army and
American and French Artillery officers or interpreters
IC-NRLF
PARIS HENRI
CHARLES-LA VAUZELLE diteur militaire
124, Boulevard Saint-Germain, H&MB
MAJ.SO.X
A LIMOQK3
-1S18
124
British,
Artillery Technical
Vocabulary
Lieutenant da 75e Regiment
QONDRY
d'Artillerie
de campagne
ofesseur de I'Enseignement secondaire charge de cours d' Anglais
a VEcole d'Artillerie de Fontainebleau
French and English
Artillery Technical
Vocabulary SPECIALLY DESIGNED for the use of
French Artillery instructors
American and French Artillery
in the U. S.
Army and
officers or interpreters
PARIS HENRI
CHARLES-LAVAUZELLE Editeur militaire
124, Boulevard Saint-Germain, MAIBON A HilOGKS
124
British,
PREFACE.
This book of
French
is
specially designed to
artillery oflicers
who have
meet the requirements to
undertake the tech-
American brigades. Of course, as soon as they join the American army, the instructors get plenty of opportunities of improving their language and learning the technical equivalents which they nical instruction of
need for their teaching. But, unless they have beforehand knowledge of the fundamental artillery vocabulary,
a fair
they experience great difficulty in expressing themselves at least to begin with, and besides they lay on
fluently,
their audience unnecessary strain to the great prejudice of the quality and results of their teaching.
Hence the necessity
of a
good preliminary technical formaproperly said and the
tion, both as regards the instruction
language in which it has to be conveyed. We think that they have gone through the different chapters of this
when
book,
when
to translate
know them
properly, when they are able without hesitation the exercises it contains,
they
when
they have thought about the lessons it suggests and them in English, then, and not until then, they will be ready to assume their task with competency.
tried to treat
When
they go deeper into their studies, no doubt they will
them were somewhat which we some omissions
find that the first indications given
imperfect, that they presented
shall always be very grateful to have pointed out they will realize that the work as it is has allowed
but yet
them
to
-
6
-
have a good start and improve quickly, therefore it has not been written in vain, and this acknowledgement alone will pay the author for the pains he has taken in compiling these pages for them. But we have not been thinking only of the officers already
forming the French staff of American instructors; we also wanted to be helpful to those who are still at the front with the French army and who know that sooner or later they will be needed in their turn to go on with the work undertaken and help in the cooperation of the two armies. Most of them have a good practical knowledge ot the English language; they have studied English before the
war; they have been in England or in the States; they are able to understand English very well and also to make the mselves easily understood. They are only anxious to resume
view to their particular aim, namely the our military methods to Americans; the trouble they cannot find anywhere a really useful book suited to
their studies with a
teaching of is
their purpose.
We
they want and rance.
we
It
may
trust the present
feel
is
just the thing
sure they will joyfully greet
also be found useful
and soldiers
work
of the three allied
by all armies
its
appea-
interpreters are interested in
officers,
who
both languages and want to read military reviews, books, newspaper-articles, etc..., and to converse about those sub-
with sufficient fluency and accuracy. They will find in appended to our book the explanation of abbreviacurrent of tions use, the indication of the insignise of rank
jects
the notes
and American armies, the systems
of
weights and measures, etc... For the sake of clearness, we have separated in each chapter the nouns, the adjectives and the verbs and phrases
for the British
:
these
we have designated by means
of the letters A,
B,
G
respectively.
Corrections and additions, will be thankfully received by the author and included in subsequent editions.
Lieutenant GONDRY. Fontainebleau, April 1918.
8
-
NOTE.
The texts marked F. A. 7'. are taken from ((Field art-ill fry training (1914) published by His majesty's stationery office. London. Those marked P. D. S. /?. are taken from the xProrisional drill and service regulations for field artillery, horse and ligltt (191G), '4 vols. Government printing office, Washington (U. S. A.). The French texts are taken from the Reglement de mawm-re de Vartilleriff de
campagnev. Whenever a quotation is borrowed from any other hook,
rence
is
given in a foot-note.
the
ref>
TABLE DES MATIERES.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Pages.
Pages.
Preface
Nole Table of contents INTRODUCTION. llegulalions. .
TART.
Ch.
Dismounted
I.
Dismounted
I.
.
Ch. Ch.
ment
Mounted
III.
10
driver's trai-
Description of materiel.
a pied.
armes
en e
PARTIE.
Ch.
I.
Ch
II.
12 15>
Manoeuvre a cheval. Le cheral Le harnacheinent.
19 24
L 'equitation Uecole da canonnier conclude ur
28.
38 50
I.
II. 1.
54
Troop regulations..
58
Firing instruction.
63 63 64 67 73
Definitions .
III.
IIl c
Conduct of
fire
Topography
76
PARTIE. entretien
.
34
Description
du materiel.
Le canon de 75 Le canon de 155 C Schneider Le* munitions ... Ch. III.
Ch. Ch.
I.
38-
II.
50 54
IV" PARTIR. Instruction d'arlillerie.
Artillery training.
Sect. 2. Preparation of fire Sect. 3. Execution of fire. .. fir.
.
el
Ammunition..
III.
Ch. III. Ch. IV.
and care
The 75% field-gun.. The 155% S. howit-
I.
II.
Sect.
Manwuwe
Manoeuvre a pied I. sans arnies Manoeuvre a pied Ch. II.
Il
34
Sect.
PARTIE.
11
Ch.
28
Hiding
The
PART. IV.
Ch.
r"
&
Reg lenient 8.
24
-
zer
Ch. Ch.
INTRODUCTION.
I
drill.
ning
Ch.
11
drill
The horse. The horse-equip-
Ch. III. Ch. IV.
Ch. Ch.
Table des malieres
--
II.
PART.
8
9
15
II.
I.
i\ote
drill
with arms PART.
5
8
12
Dismounted
II.
Preface
drill.
without arms
Ch.
5
Ch. Ch.
Locale de la troupe. Instruction sur le
I.
II.
tir
ART. ART. ART. ART.
Ch.
1.
Definitions
2.
Preparation du ttr. Execution du tir Conduit i d feu ...
3.
4.
III.
.
i>
Topographic
.
58
63 63 64 67
73 7G
10 Pages. Field fortification. 81
Ch. IV. Ch. V. Ch. VI.
Communications.. Cooperation
PART. V.
90
Artillery in the field.
Organization of
I.
93
Ch.
II.
-
Employment
[Concealment. Judicious utilization of for-
81
87
V e PARTIE. en campagne
90
L'artillerie et
dans
le
combat.
Organisation de
I.
93
I'arlillerie
Ch.
II. Emploi de I'artillerie. (Defilement. Utilisa-
of
artillery.
de
L'avion et le ballon en liaison aveo t'artillerie.
Ch.
artil-
lery -
Pages.
La fortification campagne Ch. V. La liaison
Ch. IV.
Ch. VI.
of
with artillery
aircraft
Ch.
87
-
.
tion judicieuse des forces. Se curite. Liaisons. Vartillerie dans Inoffensive. Vartillerie dans la de:
Protection.
ces.'
Inter-
communications. lery in attack. in defence.]
Artil-
Artillery
97
Ch.
-
Occupation
Leading.
of the position.
Change of Replacement of Supply from ammunition-columns.l
position. casualties.
Ch. IV.
102
Movements and
Transquarters. [Marches. port by rail and water. Billets, bivouacs and camps. -
Supply and requisitions.].
Appendix kit.
.
Clothes and
II.
The badges
rank
Appendix
117
Terms used
in sciences
Appendix V.
121
125
An
alphabetical list of irregular verbs.
I.
112
Les insi114
gnes des grades III.
107
Les vete-
requipement II.
102
Poids
et
117
mesures
La
termi-
nologie des sciences Abrevia-
121
Appendice V.
tions used in artillery regu-
Appendix VI.
et
Appendice IV.
Abbrevia-
lations
ments
Appendice
Weights
and measures
Appendix IV.
troupes el cantonnements. Les trans[Les marches. ports en chemin de fer et en bateau. Cantonnements, bivouacs et camps. Ravitaillement et requisitions.}.
Appendice 114
III.
Vartillerie sur le champ de balaille. [ReconJalonnement. naissance. Occupation dt laposition. Changement de position. Remplacemenl du perRasonnel el du materiel. vitaillemenl en munitions,'}. Mouvements de Ch. IV. III.
Appendice 112
.
Appendix of
I.
107
97
fensive.}
Ch.
III. Artillery on the battlefield. [Reconnaissance.
tions employees dans glemenls d'artiUerie
les re*
125
Appendice VI. 128
Liste alphabetique des verbes irre-
guliers
128
11
~
Artillery Technical
Vocabulary
INTRODUCTION.
REGULATIONS.
Field artillery training F. A. Drill regulations).
Army
REGLEMENTS,
(or
regulations.
Handbook
of
physical training.
Field service regulations.
Army
medical
field service.
Supply and transport regulations.
Reglement de manoeuvre de Varlillerie de campagne. Service inlerieur.
Manuel
d* education physique. Service des armees en campagne. Le service de sante en campagne. Reglement sur le service de
Vapprovisionnement.
Military law. Army accounts.
Legislation militaire.
Topographical surveying. Quartermaster department.
Manuel de topographie.
Comptabilite militaire.
Ordnance department.
Intendance Fabrication
Court martial.
Conseil de guerre.
et
administration.
d'artillerie.
PART I. DISMOUNTED DRILL. CHAPTER Dismounted
drill
Ire
PARTIE.
INSTRUCTION A PIED.
I.
CHAPITRE
without
arms.
The cautionary order. The executive order.
I".
Manosuvre a pied sans armes,
Uordre preparaloire. L'ordre d'execution.
Saluting.
Le
Time.
La cadence. Changement de
Wheeling.
salul.
direction
bataille.
The rank. The file.
Le rang. La file.
Fall in!
Rassemblement! Garde a vous!
Attention!
Stand
at case
!
(when motion-
less).
Stand easy (when limbs, head and body are allowed to be moved). Eyes right dress!
A
Fall out!
Sorter da rang!
Eyes front! Right turn!
Fixe!
!
Hepos!
droite, aligne merit!
A droite, droite! Demi a gauche, gauche!
Left incli'ne!
About turn! As you were Forward, march! march! !
or
Quick,
Demi-tour a droite, droite! Au temps! En avant, marche!
en
i;:
Squad, ball!
Section,
Double, marcb
Quick, march! Mark time!
Change
step! Tell oil by fours
!
March at ease Form fours To call the rolls. To practise corporals in giving words of command To take up one's dressing in line. Heels together and in line. !
!
!
Marquez le pas! Changez le pas! Comptez-vous quatre! Pas de route!
A
droite par quatre, droite!
Faire Vappel. Exercer les brigadiers au coin-
mandement.
S 'aligner. Les talons rapproches la
meme
el
sur
ligne.
Les genoux tendus.
Knees straight. Body erect. Shoulders
halte-!
Pas gymnastiquc, marchc! Pas cadence, marche!
!
Le corps d'aplotnb.
down and moderately
Les epaules effacees.
back.
Arms hanging down
naturally.
Palms of the hand slightly turned outwards. Small finger behind the seam of the trousers.
erect and balanced evenon the neck.
Head ly
Eyes looking their
own
height
and straight to the fronl. Cut away the arm smartly
Les bras pendant naturellement. La paume de la main legerement tournee en dehors.
Le
petit doigt en arrierc de la couture du pantalon. La tele haute el droite sans etre genee. Les yeux fixes droit devanl so/.
to
Rentrez
la
main dans
le
rang.
the side.
To stand at attention. To halt three paces from an
Se mettre an garde-a-vous. of-
ficer.
S'arreter a trois pas d'un
of/i-
cier.
Uncased colours. To put a squad to motion.
L'etendard deploye. Mettre une section en mouvement.
To carry the
Porter
left foot
straight to
the front.
To swing the right
le
pied
la
jatnbc
gauche
en
droite
en
avant. leg forwards.
Porter avant.
To march
in time.
Technical vocabulary.
Marcher an
pas. 2
14
To march
Number Dismiss
Prendre le pas gymnastique. Numerotez-vous!
at the double.
!
Rompez Rompre
!
To break
-
off.
EXERCISE
les
rangs!
les
rangs.
1.
Translate into French
:
Before the squad is put in motion, the instructor will lake care that the men are square individually and in correct line with each other. Each soldier must be taught to move straight to his front by fixing his eye upon some object on the ground directly in front of him and then observing some nearer point in the same straight line, such as a stone or a tuft of grass. The two objects
must be kept in line when he advances. The legs should be sw ung forward freely and naturally from the hip joints, each leg as it swings forward being bent sufficiently at the knee to enable the foot to clear the ground. The foot should be carried straight to the front and, without being drawn Jback, placed firmly upon the ground with the knee straight, but r
so as not to jerk the body. (F. A. T., ch.
16.)
II,
EXERCISE Translate into English
:
Position du canonnier a pied. Les talons sur la meme ligne et rapproches aulant que la conformation de 1'homme le permet, les pieds un peu moins ouverts que 1'equerre et egalement tournes en dehors, les genoux tendus, le corps d'aplomb sur les hanches, les cpaules eflacees-, les bras pendant raturellement, la paume de la main un peu tournee en dehors, le petit doigt en arrierede la couture du pantalon, la tete haute et droite sans etre genee, les yeux fixes droit devant soi. (Titre II, ch. I, art. 1", 9.)
EXERCISE What have
the recruits to do at the
3.
command
:
Right, dress?
<
CHAPTER Dismounted
drill
15
CI1APITRE
II.
with arms.
Manoeuvre a pied en armes.
THE SMALL ARMS.
The The The The The The The The The The The
LKS
ARMES PORTATIVES. Le mousqueton.
rifle (or carbine;
stock (or butt). butt- end.
La crosse. La plaque de couche.
toe of the butt.
heel of the butt.
Le bee de crosse. Le talon de la crosse.
small of the butt.
La poignee de
swivel-piece. hollow.
Le battant de crosse.
back sight.
Le cran de mire. Le guidon. Le fut. Le canon.
front-sight. barrel-Led.
Th'e barrel.
The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The
II.
ramrod. sling.
la
crosse.
L'evidement.
La baguette. La bretelle.
muzzle-ring. muzzle.
L'embouchoir.
barrel-band.
La grenadiere. La bolte de culasse.
breech-receiver.
L'extremite du canon.
Ireech -ring.
Le
r en fort.
trigger.
La La
detente.
tumbler.
gdchette.
bolt.
Le pontet. Le manchon. Le cylindre.
movable head.
La
tete mobile.
knob.
Le
levier
extractor.
L'extracteur.
trigger-guard. sleeve.
du cylindre.
chamber.
La chambre.
bore.
L'dme. Les rayures.
rifling.
The hammer (nr cock). The striker (or firing-pin). The bayonet-catch.
1G
Le chien. Le perciiteur. Le tenon (du
sabre-baion-
nette).
The bayonet. The The The The
La baionnette.
La poignee. La douille.
handle. ring.
Le foiirrean. Le bouton-poassoir.
scabbard. bolt-spring.
The sabre
(1)
The blade. The hilt. The edge. The pommel. The sword-knot.
The revolver
La La Le La La
To be under arms. The rifle at the order. Slope arms Order arms !
lame.
garde. tranchant. calotte.
,
dragonne. Le revolver.
(or pistol).
The stofek (or butt-end). The safety-lock. The revolver-case (or holster),
!
Le sabre.
(or sword).
La crosse. La baguette de
silrete.
1
L" etui-revolver.
tre
en armes.
Uarme au pied. Uarme sur Vcpaule,
droile.
fteposez, arme.
with the Americans. Let us mention here (1) Generally spelt u saber once for all that the American way of spelling is often affected by pronunciation and mostly tends towards greater simplification. Thus, we find :
Saber, center, meter, instead of sabre, centre, metre Honor, color, favor, instead of honour, colour, favour; Draft instead of draught; Maneuver instead of manoeuvre; Site instead of sight; One consonant instead of two, as in signaling, baloon, asume, for signalling, balloon, assume. We shall adopt the English spelling hero. but want to warn the reader against slight differences of the above kind. ;
:
17
Present arms
Present cz, arme! Ba'ionnette an canon!
!
Fix bayonets Unfix bayonets! !
arms Unpile arms Pile
Remettez
Formez
!
Rompez
!
For inspection, port arms
faisceaux!
les
Presentcz
!
ba'fonmtte!
la
les
faisceaux! a Vinspec-
Varme
tion!
L'arme a
Sling arms Secure arms !
On guard Point
Varme
!
Croisez
!
la
sous la
grenadierej le bras droit!
balonnette!
Point ez!
!
Right parry Charge Charge magazine Unload! To ease springs.
A
!
droite, parez!
Chargez! Approvisionnez! Dechargez! Mettre le chien a Vabattu.
!
!
To take aim.
Viser.
To
Faire feu (tirer}. Sabre, main! Porlez, sabre! .Remettez, sabre!
lire.
Draw swords
!
Carry swords Return sxvords Raise revolver (or pistol) !
!
Return
pistol
Haut le revolver! Remettez le revolver!
!
!
EXERCISE
4.
Translate into French
To raise the ol the holster
pistol.
Atthe
command
:
:
un button the flap last three fingers of
Raise,
and grasp the handle with the
the right hand, back of the hand to the right. At the command Pistol, lift the pistol straight up, closing the thumb on the stock as the forefinger outside of the it clears the holster, and extend and upward to a posiforward the pistol Carry trigger guard. tion six inches in front of the point of the right shoulder, barrel to the rear and inclined forward about 30 degrees. (P. D. S. R., :
vol.
I.
ch. Ill,
116.)
-
18
EXERCISE
5.
Translate into English
:
Pour remettre la ba'ionnette., le canonnier place I'arme comme il a ete dit pour meltre la bai'onnette au canon; il enleve le sabrebaionnette avec la main gauche en appuyant avec le pouce de la main droite stir le bouton-poussoir et le ren verse la pointe en bas; il saisit la lame a dix centimetres de la croisiere avec le pouce et les deux premiers doigts de la main droite, renverse la main gauche et remel le sabre-baionnette au fourreau; puis il reprend la position du canonnier repose sur I'arme. (litre II, ch. I, art. II, 34.)
EXERCISE Give a description you mention.
of a rifle
6.
and explain the use
of each part
PART
MOUNTED DRILL CHAPTER The
MANOEUVRE A CHEVAL, CHAPITRE
I.
LES PARTIES
fore-hand
La
nostrils.
Les oreilles. La nuque. Le toupet. Le front. Les yeux. Les salieres. Les joues. Les naseaux.
mouth.
La
teeth.
Les dents. Les crochets. Les barres. Le menlon.
ears. poll.
forelock.
forehead. eyes. pits.
cheeks.
tusks. bars.
chin.
The chin gropve. The throat. The neck. The ma.-je.
The
CHEVAL.
L'arriere-main.
The head.
hollow
l)U
.
Uavanl-main. Le corps.
The body. The rear-hand.
The The The The The The The The The The The The The
I".
Le cheval
horse.
THE POINTS OF THK HORSE. Tlio
PARTIE.
1I
II.
*
tete.
bouclie.
La barbe. La gorge. Uencolure.
La cr inter e. fore-legs.
The shoulder. The shoulder blade.
Les
membres
Uepaule. L'omoplate.
anterieurs.
20
-
21
-
_
22
-
The veterinary surgeon
Le veterinaire.
The horse-shoor.
Le marechal ferrant.
(Engl.) the veterinarian (Amer.).
Colours (of coat).
Les robes.
'
White.
Blanc.
Sorrel (or chesnut). Black.
Ale z an. Noir.
Light brown.
Cafe au
Bay.
Bai.
Light bay. Mouse-coloured.
Isabelle.
Grey. Dappled grey.
Gris.
Fleabilten grey. Yellow -dun.
Aubcre.
Roan.
Rouan.
Piebald.
Pie.
Rubican.
Rubican.
To groom. To curry. To shoe. To trim the
Panser
,
lait.
Sour is.
Gris pommele.
Louvet.
(faire
du pansage}.
Etriller.
Ferrer.
Parer
hoof.
EXERCISE
le
pied.
7.
Translate into French
:
To groom the horse, proceed as follows. First clean the front hind legs. They will thus have time to dry while grooming is being done. Next, on the near side (l) r
legs, then the the rest of the
(1)
See ch.
II!
(A), p. 28.
-
23
-
willi the currycomb in the riglit hand, lingers over back of comb and the brush in Ihe left hand, begin brushing at the upper part of the neck, the mane being thrown to the other side out of the way; thence proceed to the chest, shoulders, back, belly, Hanks, loins and rump. In using the brush, the man should stand well way from the horse, keep his arm stifl, and throw the weight of the body against the brush. The principal work .of the brush should follow the direction of the hair, but in places difficult to clean it may be necessary to brush against it, finishing by leaving, the hair smooth. After every few strokes, clean the brush from dust with the currycomb. [P. D. S. R., vol. II, ch. II, sect. I, 604.] it
EXERCISE
8.
Translate into English
:
Pour lever le pied (1) gauche de devant, se placer en face dedu meme cote en regardant le cheval, poser la main droite au garrot et glisser la main gauche le long du membre; arrive au paturon, le tirer a soi en exergant une poussee centre 1'epaule,. de maniere a rejeler le poids du corps sur le membre oppose. Le pied leve, prendre par un demi-tour a droite la place qu'on doit occuper pour tenir le pied. Pour tenir le pied, appuyer le genou du cheval sur la cuisse gauche, porter la jambe droite en arriere, puis reunir les deux mains sous le paturon. (Titre III* I'epaule
ch. IV,
7.)
EXERCISE In
what way should the operation
ried out?
(1)
See eh.
Ill (C j?
p. 28.
9.
of
grooming
a horse be car-
24
CHAPTER
CHAPITRE
II.
The horse-equipment.
The
The
Le harnachement.
saddle.
The bare tree. The front arch. The front arch points. The seat. The side bars. The fans. The numnah pannels. The pommel. The can tie. The wallets. The connecting-piece. The staple. The keeper. The sword-frog. The flap. The stirrup-leather (or The stirrup. The girth. The blanket. The buckle. The tab.
La
selle.
U argon. U arcade.. Les pointes d'arcacle. Le siege (le fond de Les bandes d'arcon. Les pointes d'arcon.
La matelassure. Le pommeau. Le troussequin. Les sacoches. Le chapelet. Le crampon.
La mortaise. Le porte-sabre. Le quartier. strap).
Uetriviere. L'etrier.
La sangle. La couverture. La boucle. Le contre-sanglon. La
bridle.
The headstall. The browband. The crownpiece. The noseband. The throat-lash. The bit. The bridle-bit. The universal bit.
II.
La
bride.
tetiere.
Le frontal. Le dessus dc La muserole.
tele.
La sous-gorge. Le mors. Le mors de Le mors de
bride. filet.
la selle).
The The The The The The The The The The The The
U embouchure. La liberte de langue. La gourmette. Le crochet de gourmeite. La rene de bride. La rene de filet. Le bridon. Le cavegon. La longe en corde.
m port.
curb.
curb-hook. bridle-rein
f
check rein. bridoon (or cavesson.
snafllc).
head-rope.
L'entraue.
heel-rope. breast- piece.
La longe-poitrail. La martingale.
martingale.
La bricole
The harness.
(le
harnais).
The breast-collar. The pole-bar support lag strap. The loin strap. The breeching. The neck-piece. The neck-strap (of breast collar The crupper. The coupling rein (or side-rein) The traces. The trace-bearers. The o saddle.
Le corps de
bricole.
La courroie
d'agra/e.
The pole-chains. The whip. The driving whip. The stock. The thong. The lash. The swingle-tree.
Les chaines de bout de timon.
Le La Le La La Le
Harness-lilting.
L'ajustage du harnachement.
).
Le surdos. L'avaloire.
Le colleron. Le dessus de cou.
La croupiere. La longe d* decouple. Les traits. Les conrroies porte-trails.
La
sellette.
x
To punch a hole. To lit a saddle.
foiiet.
chambriere.
manche de
foiiet.
laniere.
mcche. palonnier.
-
Percer un iron. Ajnster
line selle.
To To To To To
lighten the girth. loosen (or slacken) the girth.
Sangler (serrer la sangle}. Desserrer la sangle.
ungirth. secure the traces.
Desangler.
secure a horse. This saddle has been ridden
Trousser les traits. Attacker un cheval. Cette selle a deja serui.
in.
EXERCISE
10.
Translate inlo French
:
In fitting a saddle, the bare tree should first be placed on the back, the front arch resting in the hollow behind the shoulder* The arch and seat should be clear of the spine. This is not always possible with horses possessing high withers, but it is desirable in order to ascertain the fit of the side bars. The front arch must be wide enough to admit the hand on either side of the withers, and its points must clear the ribs. The side bars must not be too lorg and must bear evenly on the back, or as nearly so as possible. Care must be taken that their edges do not press the withers or ribs. The numnah pannels should then be fitted on and the tree replaced on the back, but without a blanket. F. A. T., ch. ill., 29.2.]
EXERCISE
11.
Translate inlo English
:
Pour seller un cheval, relever sur le siege la saugle de la sello, Ton maintient de la main gauche prendre la selle de cette main a 1'arcade et de la main droite sous le troussequin; s'approcher du cote gauche (1) du cheval; poser doucement la selle sur le dos du cheval en la passant par-dessus la croupe, et la placer la parlie anterieure un pen en arriere des epaules. S'assurer quo la soulever avec la main sur le la couverturc ne forme aucun pli
;
;
garrot et sur le rognon et degager les crins abaltre la sangle, serivr la sangle avec moderation etsans brusquerie. Passer a droile (2) du cheval, achever de serrer la sangle; abattre les etriers.';
(1) .(2)
Near
si.de, see ch. HI, p. 28. Off side, see ch. Ill, p. 28.
EXERCISE What
care should be taken
12.
when bridling
Size of bit; Length of headstall;
Adjustment of curb and throatlash; Length of reins, etc.
a horse
:
-28 CHAPTER
CHAPITRE
III.
Riding.
Equitation.
The riding-school. The aids. Walk.
Le manege.
Trot.
Le trot. Le galop. Le petit galop.
Les aides. Le pas.
Gallop.
Canter.
The pace
III,
(or gait).
L'allure.
Balance.
L'equilibre.
The knee-grip. The near-side (of The od-side
(of a
La pression du genou. a horse),
Le cote montoir
horse).
cheval). La droite
(la
gauche du
du cheval.
Vaulting.
La
Steady. Disunited.
Light mouthed (horse).
Calme. Desuni. Bien equilibre (mis}. Rassemble. Oui a la louche sensible.
To have a strong
Eire solide a cheval, avoir de
Balanced. Collected.
seat.
voltige.
rassiette.
Avoir du doigte.
To have good hands. To apply the aids correctly.
Employer
les
aides
correcte-
meni.
To cover
a
long
distance
horseback.
To be lit for dismissal. An unbroken horse.
on
Fournir
line
longue
etape
a
cheval.
Avoir termine son instruction. Un cheval non dresse.
9
Un
A badly trained horse. horse is a quiet ride.
Tliis
To obey the leg. A good jumper. Heady to face water. To slap (or hand rub) the back
cheual mal
Ce cheual est facile a mnnter. Obeir a la iambe. Un bon sauteur. N'a pas peur de Veau. Frirtionner
le
dos du cheual.
of a horse.
mile.
Prendre le pied d'un cheual. Faire trotter un cheual en main. A Her au pas pendant le pre-
work
Trauailler a main droile.
To pick up a horse's foot. To run a horse in hand.
To walk the horse the
first
mier mi lie. To be on the right rein, to the right
To To To To To
to
hand.
ride at a trot.
Galoper a faux. Faire du trot enleve. Faire du trot assis. Marcher au trot.
cross the stirrups.
Croiser
false.
gallop rise in one's stirrups. sit down to the trot.
les
etriers sur renco-
lure.
Position of the soldier
Position du canonnier a cheval.
mounted.
To assume the position
of atten-
Prendre
la
position du garde-
a-uous.
tion.
To be well down in the saddle. To be on o: e's fork. The inside of the knee pressed
Eire assis. Eire sur Venfourchure. Le pli des genoux liant.
against the saddle.
To keep the knee firm
to
the
Coller
le
genou
a
la selle.
saddle.
The
legs should
hang
free.
The build of the rider. The feet pushed right home. To adjust the reins. To gather (or collect) the horse. To
Les
jambes doiuent naturellement.
La conformation du
Porter
To ease the reins slightly. To press the horse forward with
Rendre Fermer
the legs. Technical vocabulary.
cavalier.
Les etriers chausses a fond. Ajusler les renes. Rassernbler le cheual.
a walk.
start the horse off at
tomber
le
la
les
cheval en avant.
main.
jambes par degres.
-
30
Yon should not cling with the back
of
the
//
ne taut pas serrer du mollet.
calf.
Suppling exercises.
Bend
-
Exercices d'assouplissement.
Flexion
to the right (left).
du
corps
a
droite
(gauche}.
Stroke the haunch).
flank
right
(or
Lean back. Right hand stroke
haunch. Left hand stroke right haunch. left
Rotate right arm vertically. Rotate left arm horizontally.
Turn head right and left. Bend head forward and back-
Caressez
la
hanche droitej
Flexion du corps en arriere. Rotation du corps a droite. Rotation du corps a gauche. Rotation du bras droit. Extension du bras gauche. Rotation de la tete. Flexion de la tete.
ward. Rotate right thigh. Raise both thighs.
Rotation de la cuisse droite. Elevation des cuisses.
Flex right (or left) knee. Flex right (or left) ankle.
Flexion des jambes. Rotation des pieds.
Words Stand
to
of
command.
your horses
A
!
In front of your horses
Prepare
to
mount
Commandements. vos cheuaux!
Pour presenter
!
le
cheval!
Preparez-vous a monter a che-'
!
val!
Mount
A
!
Dismount! Mount and dismount Forward, march!
!
terre!
A
terre et a cheval!
Marchez! Arretez!
Halt!
Rein back! (or Backward march!) Turn on the forehand Turn on the haunches Bend! !
!
Trot,
cheval!
A.
march
!
Gallop, march Take the track to the right hand Across the centre, double! !
!
Reculez!
Demi-tour sur les epaules! Demi-tour sur les handles! Tournez! Marchez au trot! Marchez au galop! Prenez la piste a main droite! Doublez!
Across the centre, change hands!
Changez de main! Volte!
Volt!
Countermarch
On
31
Demi-volte!
!
En
the circle!
Change
circles
cercle!
Changez
!
Enlarge the circle
cercle!
le
le
Elargissez
!
cercle!
Go large!
Marchez
Post on the right diagonal!
Trottez a main droite! (sur le pied droit}. Changez de pied en trottanl! La croupe en dedans! La croupe en dehors!
Change the diagonal Haunches in Haunches out
in posting!
!
!
Work by
three
Par
!
large!
trois! \
Le saut.
Jumping. To jump on the longe. To refuse (or swerve round). Accord of the aids. The horse takes off (or rises). The horse lands (or alights). To keep in unison with one's
Sauter a la longe. Derober. L'accord des aides.
Le cheual Le cheval
s'enleve. se recoil.
Eire d'accord avec son cheval.
horse.
The obstacle. The bar. To lose one's balance. To take the jump. To jump up. To jump out. To make much
Work on To To To To To
L'obstacle.
La
Aborder
of the horse.
varied ground.
ascend a steep slope. descend a steep slope. ride across a ditch.
swim let
barre.
Perdre Vequilibre.
across a river.
the reins slip through the
{'obstacle, prendre son elan. Sauter en hauteur. Sauter en longueur. Caresser (flatter] le cheval.
Travail en terrain vane.
Gravir une pente raide. Descendre une pente raide. Passer un fosse. Passer une riviere a la nage. Rendre la main.
hand.
To march boot to boot. To allow horses to recover wind.
Marcher their
botte a botte.
Laisser souffler
les
chevaux.
32
-
EXERCISE
13.
Translate into French
:
Position of the soldier mounted. The position described below should be considered a standard toward which all riders should gradually approximate. The buttocks bearing equally upon the saddle and as far forward as possible. The thighs turned without constraint upon their flat side, clasping the horse evenly and stretched only by their own weight and that of the lower legs. The knees bent and flexible. -- The lower legs falling naturally, the calves in contact with the horse without pressure; the toes dropThe back ping naturally when the rider is without stirrups. -- The supple and never hollowed. upper part of the body easy, The arms free, and erect. The shoulders thrown back evenly. - The head erect without stifffree, the elbows falling naturally. ness. The reins held as Eyes alert and sweeping the horizon. heretofore prescribed. -- This position may be modified by the instructor to suit varying conditions and unusual conformations. (P. D. S. R., vol.
I,
part. Ill, ch.
I,
2jG.)
EXERCISE
14.
Translate into English
:
Pour sauler a cheval se placer face a lepaule gauche du cheval, glisser en meme temps la main droite le long do la rene gauche et a uster les renes dans la main gauche, la rene droite an besoin un :
j
rene gauche, leur extremitc sortant du cote avec cette main une poignee de crins vers le haut de 1'encolure, leur extremite sortant egalement du cote du petit doigt. Placer la main droite sur le pommeau, s'elancer vivement en s'enlcvant sur les poignets, rester im instant dans celte position et se metlre legerement en selle. Prendre une rene de bridon dans chaque main, les doigts ferrnes, les mains basses sans toucher le pommeau, separees & dix centimetres 1'une de 1'aulre, les doigts se faisant face, I'extremite superieure des rones sortant
pen plus courte que
du
la
petit doigt; saisir
dircote du ponce. (Tilre
III,
ch.
I.
art.
I,
6.)
What are the suppling exercises which should be most profitable to combat general contraction and stiffness in the loins"?
-
33
-
FAERCISE
16.
Translate into French
:
In the iirst jumping lessons, the recruits may be allowed to hold the mane, head rope, or front of the saddle in one hand and the reins loosely in the other. As the horse takes off, the pupil should be instructed to lean forward and to tighten his leg grip; if he is successful in this, his body will soon swing in harmony with the horse. The movements of the body from the hips upwards when riding over a jump vary so much with different horses and different fences, that it is impossible to lay down any rule. It is a matter of the rider balancing his body assisted by a leg-grip. The horse should be eased
up gently after a jump: on no account should his pace suddenly be checked. (F. A. T., ch. Ill, 42.)
EXERCISE
17.
Translate into English
:
Pour preparer les canonniers aux sauls d'obslacles, mettre de bonne heure une barre en travers de la piste, en la laissant d'abord reposer a lerre, souvent pendant toute la duree du travail, puis en la relevant un peu en lin de seance, quand les canonniers out acquis suflisamment d'assietle. L'instructcur prend, au debut, toutes les dispositions utiles pour leur enlever, au moment ou ils abordent I'obstacle, toute preoccupation relative a la conduite du cheval. Les premieres lecons sont donnees avecle cheval tenu a la longe. Le canonnier tient les reues longues, au debut reunies dans une seule main, et s'en sert seulement pour suivre le mouvement de la lete du cheval. II apprend ainsi a se Her a sa monture sans la gencr au moment du saut. C'est setilement alors qu'il est exerce progressivement a conduire son cheval sur I'obstacle. (litre III, ch. I, art. II, o2.)
EXERCISE In
18.
what particular manner should you train recruits with a view and iirm seat independent of the reins?
to establishing a correct
CHAPTER The
The The The The The The The The The
34
CHAPITRK
IV.
Ecole du canonnier conducteur.
driver's training.
team
(or pair).
IV.
L'attelage.
ofl-horse (or hand-horse).
Le porteur. Le sous-verge.
lead-pair.
Uattelage de deuant.
near-horse (or nigh-horse).
swing-pair.
L'atlelage de milieu.
wheel-pair. lead-driver, etc.
Uattelage de derriere. Le conducteur de devant,
off-wheeler, etc. caisson (or ammunition
Le sous-verge de derriere, Le caisson.
etc. etc.
wagon).
The
caisson-corporal (Amer.),. or wagon-corporal (Engl.).
The The The The The The The The The The
Le brigadier de
piece.
Uarriere-train dc canon.
gun-body. gun-limber.
L'av ant-train de canon.
wagon wagon
(or caisson) -body.
Uarriere-irain de caisson.
(or caisson) -limber.
Uav ant-train
store- wagon.
Le La La La Le
cart.
La prolonge
battery- wagon.
battery- forge. tarpaulin. travelling field-kitchen.
de caisson.
chariot de batterie. forge. bdche.
cuisine roulanie.
fourgon. (ou
chariot
de
pare}.
The hay-cart. The tiring-battery. The first supply wagons.
Le chariot-fourragere. La batterie de tir. Les caissons de premier taillement.
The The The The The
wagon-line.
Uechclon.
combat
Le train de combat. Le train regime ntaire. La section de munitions. Le pare.
train.
regimental train.
ammunition-column. park.
ravi-
35
-
The draught-horse. The extra-pair.
Le cheval de
To put a horse into draught. To turn out with the horses.
Mettre un cheval a Vattelage. Amener les cheuaux sur le ter-
To hook
[En &;!.],
Atteler.
unhitch
Deleter.
trait.
L'attelage de renfort.
rain.
[to
in (or put to)
hitch (Amer.)].
To unhook
(Engl.), [to
(Amer.)].
To To To To
Accoupler.
couple.
unlimber. unlatch the pintle. limber up. To hold in the near horse.
To keep up the
oft"
-horse.
Separer
Degager
les
trains.
la lunette.
Accrocher
les trains.
Faire reculer le porteur. Maintenir le sous-verge immobile.
The
traces are taut.
To pass close
to the trail-eye.
Les traits sont tendus. Raser la crosse (la lunette de cheville-ouvriere).
To To To To To
ease the traces.
square the limber. jib.
apply the brake. reverse in a narrow road.
Detendre les traits. Redresser Vavant-train. Refuser de tirer. Faire frein. Faire demi-tour dans un che-
min To drive from the box. To use the whip sparingly.
etroit.
Conduire en guides.
Employer
le
fouet auec mode-
ration.
Section column!
En
Double section
Par piece doublez!
Form
line
!
!
Close intervals!
Extend intervals! To the right (or left) wheel! To the right (or left) wheel about! Action front!
Action rear! Action right! Action
left!
colonne par piece!
En
A A
bataille!
interualles serres! interualles ouuerts!
Tournez a droite (a- gauche Demi-tour a droite (a gaucJiey. Face en avant, \ Face eft arriere, f en batterie! V Face a droite, Face a gauche, ) '.
Limber, drive on Front \
Rear
f
Right
(
Left
;
!
limber up!
Form park
36
Pret! Face, en auant,
Face en cirriere. Face a droite, Face a gauche,
Fonnez
!
Halt!
le
amenez les
avant-lrains.
pare!
Halte!
EXERCISE
19.
Translate into French
:
and unhooking should be done as in action, that is teams with drivers mounted, and by the same men who perform the duty in action. If possible, the team should come up on the left of the carriage., as it is easier for the wheel-driver to get his horses into position from the near than from the ofl-side. Traces should be fastened and unfastened at the swingle-trees. The two highest available numbers at the gun and wagon respectively hook in and unhook the teams of their own carriage. All numbers work on their own side. (F. A. T., ch. Ill, 58.)
Hooking
in
in complete
EXERCISE
10.
Translate into English
:
L'avant-lrain etant place dans une direction quelconque par rapport a Farriere-train, an commandement ((Face en arriere, amenez I'avant-train Marche! 1'avant-lrain part au trot en prenant sa direction sur 1'arriere-train. Des qu'il arrive a 20 metres environ, il se dirige de maniere a venir raser la crosse avec sa roue droite dans une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire a la fli'che. Lorsque cette roue a depasse la crosse de 75 centimetres, le conducleur de derriere s'arrete et redrcsse I'avant-train en le faisant pivoter autour de la roue droite, de maniere que la cheville-ouvriere soit pres de la lunette. A cet eflet, il fixe les yeux sur la roue droite :
appuyer ses chevaux a gauche en maintenant tendus les du sous-verge et en faisanl reculer le porteur. Les conductcurs de devant et du milieu s'arretent en meme temps que le conducteur de derriere et font detendre leurs trails; ils se redressent ensuite et ne font tendre leurs traits de nouveau que
et fait traits
lorsque
le
mouvement
esl termine. (Titre III, ch. II,
111.)
-
37
-
EXERCISE
21.
Describe the dillerent movements of a battery from the moment it leaves the park for a manoeuvre until the moment of its return (marching forward; different forchange of directions; action front, or rear, or to a flank; mations; forming double
when
section line after limbering; formation of the park).
coming back
in
column
of route;
PART
III.
DESCRIPTION, AND CARE
OF MATERIEL. CHAPTER
The 75%
The The The The
PARTIE. DESCRIPTION ET ENTRETIEN DU MATERIEL. IIP
CHAPITRE
I.
Le canon de
field-gun.
I".
75%;
spare parts.
Les rechanges.
supplies of vehicles.
Le chargement des voilures. L'equipe de reparations. Le marechal des logis meca-
repair squad.
sergeant mechanic.
nicien.
Solid grease.
La
Tallow.
Le suif. Uhuile oleonaphle. Uhuile de pied de bceuf. Le petrole (lampant}.
Mineral
Ox
oil.
foot oil.
Kerosene.
The wedge. The jack. The wooden crutch. Wabbling.
The The The The The The
daily care.
summary examination. self-oiling box. greased cloth.
special oiler (or lubricator).
leakage.
Waste. The oil-hole. The split pin.
The felloe. The quadrant. Wadding. The tin solder.
La
graisse consistante.
cale.
Le eric. Le chandelier en bois. Les ballottements. Uenlrelien journalier. La visile sommaire. Le manchon graisseur.
La piece grasse. Le graisseur special. Les fuites. Les chiffons. Le Iron graisseur.
La goupille f endue. La janle de circonstance. Le niveau de poinlage. L'ouate.
La soudure
d'etain.
The The The The The The The
burrs.
hammer-marks. erosions.
Les bavures. Les matages. Les erosions.
La
metal-fouling.
Uencuivrage. Le gonflement. V delate me nt premature. La preponderance de culasse. La preponderance de bouche.
swelling.
The
The The The The The
-
fissure.
premature. Breech preponderance. Muzzle preponderance.
The The The The The The The The The The The The The
39
fissure.
Le tube.
tube.
chamber.
La chambre.
calibre.
Le
bore.
Vame.
rifling (or grooves).
Les rayures. Les cloisons. Le pas des rayures.
lands.
twist of the rifling.
calibre.
muzzle-face.
Le Le Le La La La
rear face of the jacket.
La
chase.
manchon. La volee. Le plan ales
right-handed twist. left-handed twist. conical part of chamber.
locking hoop. jacket.
seat of the quadrant.
muzzle. breech.
swell of the muzzle.
Tlie muzzle-cover.
The breech-cover.
The muzzle-friction rollers. The roller-protector. The rear-rollers of the jacket.
pas a main droite. pas a main gauche. cone de raccordement. frette de calage. jaquette.
tranche de bouche. tranche posterieure
facettes
du niveau.
La bouche. La culasse. La frette de bouche. Le couvre-bouche. Le couvre-culasse. Les galets de la bouche. Le couvre-galets. Les galets
posterieurs
jaquette.
The dust-guard. The clips.
du
Le couure-glissiere. Les guides de recui
de
la
The rear open sight. The front-sight.
The breechblock belonging
The The
Uceilleton.
Le guidon. (and parts
lo il).
The screw. The threads The handle.
40
La culasse (et les organes portes par la culasse).
La (of
screw).
crank. latch.
The latch-pin. The spur. The recess (of spur). The groove. The bushing (or breech-recess). The block-stop. The extractor-tang. The extractor-arms. The safety-piece. The firing pin (or striker). The raw leather protecting ring.
Les
uis-culasse. filets (de la vis}.
La poignee (de culasse). La manivelle (de la vis). Le loquet. La goupille du loquet. L'ergot.
Le degagement
(de Vergot),
L'echancrure.
L'ecrou (de culasse).
La butee. Le talon d'extracteur. Les branches d'extracteur.
La piece de silrete. Le percuteur. La rondelle en buf/le du
per-
culeur.
The safety-bolt. The safety-bolt milled head.
Le bonhomme d'arret. La tete quadrillee du bonhom-
The hammer. The hammer-spindle. The lug. The toothed arc (of hammer). The lanyard. The eyebolt (of lanyard). The loop. The raek. The breast-spindle. The plunger. The push-piece (of plunger). The nose (of plunger). The pawl. The pawl-pin.
Le marteau. L'axe du marteau. Le tenon. Le secteur dente (du marteau). Le cordon tire-feu. Le piton (du tire-feu). La ganse.
me
d'arret.
La cremaillere. La tige d'appui. La masselotte. Le poussoir (de la
masselotte).
Le bee (de la masselotte). Le linguet. La goupille du linguet.
The rod (of pawl-pin). The checkered cocking-piece.
La La
The pawl-bolt. The counter pawl. The nose (of counter-pawl).
Le Le Le Le
tige (de la goupille). Crete quadrillee de la gou-
pille.
The shoulder-piece
(of
counter-
pene du linguet. contre-linguet.
bee (du contre-linguet}. talon (du contre-linguet}.
pawl).
The pawl- seat. The dismounling-hole The pawl-spring. The arms of the spring. The indent (of V of spring). The wedge.
The The The The The The
buffer (or recoil-apparatus).
Le logement du linguet. Le trou de demontage. Le ressort du linguet. Les branches du ressort. Uentaille (du V du ressort}.
La
cale de manoeuvre.
Le frein
(hydro-pneumatique),
couplings (of buffer). return cylinder.
Les joints (du frein}. Le recuperateur.
gauge.
La jauge.
ajutage. tilling hole plug.
L'a jut age.
Le bouchon
d'orifice de
rem-
plissage.
The fore-plug. The slides (or guide-rails). The roller- paths. The inclined planes. The rib
The The The The The The The
of the slide.
rod (piston-rod). throttling bar.
key. keybclt. trunnions.
Le bouchon d'avant. Les glissieres. Les chemins de roulement. Les plans inclines.
La neruure de la glissiere. La tige du frein. La contre-tige. La clavette. Le verrou de clavette.
cap-squares.
Les tourillons. Les sus-bandes.
friclion-plale (or sweeper-
Le
frotteur.
piece).
The sliding-piece. The butler fore-mark. The buller rear-mark. The elevating system.
Le coulisseau. Le trait de repere anterieur, Le trait de repere posterieur. La hausse.
42
The graduated range-drum.
Le
tambour
de
gradue
la
hausse.
The fixed plate. The elevating crank. The elevating crank handle.
Le plateau fixe. La manivelle de hausse.
La poignee de manivelle
de
hausse.
Le pignon.
The pinion.
The The The The The The The
Le berceau.
cradle.
cradle-wings toothed arc
Les ailes du berceau. Le secteur dente du berceau. Les oreilles (du secteur dente). Les demi-bagues.
(or sides).
(of cradle).
toothed arc). semi circular bushings. lugs
(of
La Le
elevating screw.
screw pin.
vis
de pointage. de vis de poin-
tourillon
tage.
The
carriage.
The carriage-axle. The trail. The trail-cheeks. The split-trail. The float. The trail- end. The trail-handles. The spade. The driven spade. The pintle-ring lunette
L'affiit.
Uessieu
La
Les flasques.
La fleche ouvrante. La plaque de dessus de La crosse.
crosse.
Les poignees de crosse.
(trail
La beche. La beche coulissante (Deport). La lunette de cheville-ou~ vriere.
eye).
The cushion The clip.
d'affut.
fleche.
(or bed).
The wheel-brake. The controlling mechanism wheel brake).
The pivoting-lever. The rack.
The slide-block hook. The slide-block hook lever.
(of
Le -coussin. La grille du support pompe. Le frein de roues. La commande de frein
de
de
roues.
Le levier pivotant. La cremaillere. Le crochet du coulisseau. Le levier du crochet du coulisseau.
The connecting lever
(or catch-
Le
leuier d'accrochayc.
La
chcuillctle
lever).
The connecting-lever
pin.
da
leuier
d'ac-
crochage.
The The The The
La
traverse du frein de roues. Le tirant de frein de roues. Le montant. Le patin de frein. Le siege. Le pare-genou.
brake traverse bar. brake rod. brake-stanchion.
brake-shoe.
The seat. The knee -guard. The friction-plate. The fork. The axle. The axle-end (the axletree-arm). The cap-shaped washer. The washer (and trimmings). The traversing- wheel.
La plaque de frottement. La fourche. L'essieu.
La fusee de bout d'essieu. Le manchon a co.upelle. La rondelle (et garnitures}. Le volant de pointage en
di-
rection.
The ring
La bague d'arbre de pointage
of elevating-shaft.
en hauteur.
.
The elevating-wheel.
Le volant de pointage en hau-
The bolt-knob. The rammer. The locking chain.
Le manneton du verrou. Le refouloir. La chainette-arretoir du
teur.
re-
fouloir.
The cup-shaped end The sponge-rod. The sight-bracket.
of
rammer.
La
tete euidee dti refouloir.
Uecouvillon.
Le support d'appareil de pointage.
The
sight-bracket hood).
The shield. The hinged
shield
cover
(or
(or
apron
Le couvre-support.
Le bouclier. Le bouclier articule.
shield).
The shield-key.
La
The sighting apparatus. The column
(or sight-shank).
clavette de bouclier.
L'appareil de pointage.
La
colonne
pointage\.
(d'appareil
de
The collimator of
The
(or
rotating head
ihe sight.) axis lines (or cross-hairs.)
44
Le collimateur de pointage. Les lignes de
foi
du collima-
teur.
The The The The The The The The The
La visiere (du collimateur}. Le collimateur de reperage. Le pied de colonne. La douille du pied de colonne. Le tenon d'emboitement. Le trait de repere.
sight-cover. collimator for relaying.
column-base. socket of column-base. stud.
index. plateau.
tambour-brake. deflection-drum
(or
tam-
Le plateau. Le frein du tambour. Le tambour des derives.
bour).
The valve (closing the aperture of
The The The The The The The The The The The The
I'a/utage
air-level.
hinge. bulb.
La charniere. La fiole.
level-cover.
bubble.
marks. level-toe.
dog.
end
of the
angle
dog.
of sight disc.
controlling screw.
projecting-head ling-screw).
The equipment-bag. The sight extension The The The The The The
Le clapet (fermant
d'un trou graisseur}. Le niveau a bulle d'air.
an oiling hole).
sheath
(of
(of
control-
bar.
extension bar).
eye
commande. Le sac aux armements. La rallonge d'appareil pointage. La gaine de rallonge.
La
mortise.
T shaped
Le couure-fiole. La bulle. Les reperes (de la bulle}. Le talon du niveau. Le chien. La queue du chien. Le disque des angles de site. La vis de commande. La tele a oreille de la vis de
spring-bolt.
of the bolt.
fastening hooks.
suspension rings.
mortals, e.
Le T du verrou a ressort. L'&il du verrou. Les crochets d'attache. Les anneaux de suspension.
de
The wheels.
The The The The The The The The The The The The The The
Les roues.
Le moyeii.
The navo. The rim. The spoke. The tyro.
La Le Le
/ante. rai.
cercle (ou bandage}.
limber.
L'avant-train.
Le coffre. Les poignees de coffre. Le dossier. La galerie porte-sacs.
chest.
chest-handles.
back.
knapsack -rack.
La planchette de fond. La tringle de galerie.
board. batten.
front hook-arm.
Les fourches de la tringle. Les consoles. Le battant du crochet d'avant.
calkin-box.
La
bat ten -arms.
brackets.
picketing-ropes. canvas bucket.
spare trace sheath.
botte a crampons. Les cordes a cheuaux. Le seau en toile. Uetui porte-traits de rechange.
The pole. The spare- pole. The pole yoke arms.
Le timon. Le timon de rechange. Les branches de bout de mon.
The pole-key. The butt. The splinter-bar. The slide ring (of supporting
La
clauette de bout -de timon.
Le La
tetard.
arm).
The The
pole-bolt. bolt nuts of the bolt straps.
The mogul-springs. The limber-prop. The kit-holders.
The caisson
o;
uolee.
Uanneau
coulant de branche de support. * La cheuillette-cle de timon. Les ecrous de boulons de brides de fourchette. Les ressorts de traction.
La
seruante.
Les. cases
wagon) body.
The trail (or perch The bucket.
.
Technical vocabulary.
ti-
d'armons. Le caisson.
La fleche. Le seau d'abreuuoir.
The connecting axis. The toggle of the small chain
of
connecting axis. The connecting axis lever. The bolt of the grain chest.
The bolt-bracket. The caisson rests (or supporting
46
Uaxe cTaccrochage. Le T de la chainette
d'axe
d'accrochage.
Le leuier d'axe d'accrochage. Le verrou du coffre a avoine. Le support de verrou. Les butees de renversement.
brackets).
The waterproof
tissue kit.
La trousse en
toile
impermea-
ble.
The The The The The The The The The
compartment
for cans.
cap-removers. brake-wheel. trail-hook.
grain-chest (or oats- chest). chest-covers (or lids).
turnbuckle. chest fastening support. fastening support handle.
Le easier a bidons. Les decapsuleurs,
Le volant de frein. Le crochet de fleche. Le coffre a avoine. Les couuercles des coffres. Le tourniquet. Le leuier d'espagnolette. La poignee du levier d'espagnolette.
The flange-plate. The drawers. The chest-padlock. The empty sandbag.
La plaque
a collerette.
Les tiroirs. Le cadenas de coffre. Le sac a terre (des
pour-
voyeurs).
The
Le debouchoir.
fuze-setter (or fuze- punch).
The fuze-punch holder.
L'axe d'accrochage du debou-
The shoulder-pieces of the holder. The socket The lid. The clasp. The scraper. The spare blades. The ogival-cups. The stud-groove. The corrector. The tightening nut (or wing
Les epaulements de Vaxe.
choir.
nut).
La
douille d'accrochage.
Le coLiuercle (du debouchoir}. Le fermoir.
La
curette.
Les lames de rechange. Les bottes d'ogives. Le logement du tenon. Le correcteur. Uoreille de serrage.
The The The The The The The
47
dial.
Le cadran.
crank.
La maniuelle. La poignee de
crank- handle. hand-lever.
la
manivelle.
blade-holder.
Le leuier de manoeuvre. Le porte-lame.
blade.
La lame.
spring-catch.
Le ressort du
Tools.
Outils.
The axe. The hatchet. The pick-axe. The shovel. The spade. The cold chisel. The screw driver. The shifting spanner. The monkey wrench. The bill hook. The pin setter. The engraving tool. The punch. The hammer. The nippers (or hand-shears), The jointed saw.
La La La La La Le Le La La La Le Le
To adjust (or test) the sights. To lubricate. To bring down the latch. To free. To push home. To dismount (or take to pieces). To assemble. To mount in place. To arm (or engage or cock) the
Regler
pawl. To disarm.
butoir.
hache. hachette.
pioche. pelle.
beche. ciseau a frold. tourneuis. cle anglaise.
cle uniuerselle.
serpe.
chasse-goupille. burin.
L'emporle-piece. Le marteau.
Les places coupantes.
La
scie articulee.
les lignes
de mire.
Graisser.
Rabattre
le
loquet.
Degager (liber er}. Repousser bien a fond. Demonter. Remonter. Mettre en place.
Armer
le
Desarmer.
linguet.
-
48
-
To rearm.
Hearmer.
To secure To hold the hammer back by means of the lanyard.
Fixer.
Maintenir
le
en
riere
martean en
ar-
Vaccrochanl
an
moijcn dn tire-feu.
To release (the hammer). To bring the hammer down. To engage the first thread.
Mettre
To introduce... ahead
(d'une vis}. Introduire... le premier.
(or fore-
Abandonner le
Engager
marteau}.
(le
martean le
a labattu.
premier
tour
most).
To To To To To
unfasten the fuze-setter. lay
it
down
connect
Decrocher
le
debouchoir.
L'aballre bien d'aplomb.
vertically.
Uaccrocher.
it.
untie a thong. unfasten the toggle of the chain.
To upset the caisson. To put the caisson in battery. To scotch a wheel. To lay edgewise. To remove the key. To replace (or set) the key. The key of the gun is in place. To equip the recoil apparatus. To recuperate sufficiently. To ooze. To unmesh. To let down the wheel-brake. To couple the brake. To bear against the shoulder.
Denouer une lanicre. Degager le T de la chalnette.. Renverser
le
caisson.
Mettre le caisson en batterie. Caler une roue. Placer de champ. Declaveter. Reclaveter.
Le canon est clavele. Parer le frein. Rentrer en batterie. Suinter,
Debrayer. Abattre le jrein de roues.
Accrocher
(le
Porter contre
EXERCISE
frein}. la
butee.
22.
Translate into French
:
great importance that the materiel be kept properly lubrithat is meant the constant maintenance of a thin film of the proper lubricant between all working and bearing surfaces and the surfaces on which they work or bear. This film of lubricant is It is of
cated.
By
required in order that the parts
may
function easily and without
unnecessary wear. Oil holes are provided
at various places where the surfaces to be lubricated are not directly accessible. These holes should be cleaned out frequently. Except durirg oiling, they should be fully closed by the means provided. Before oiling at an oil hole, wipe of! carefully any dirt or grit near the opening that might be carried down into it by the oil. Before applying fresh lubricant, the old should, if practicable, be wiped from the surfaces and the surfaces should be clean and free from grit. While applying lubricating oil, the mechanism is operated or the part is moved to insure the formation of a complete oil film between the surfaces, and care must be taken, especially when lubricating through an oil hole in cold weather, to see that sufficient oil actually reaches the proper surfaces. When oiling, cotton waste should be at hand and any oil that spills or runs upon surfaces where it is not required should be wiped up at once in order to prevent the accumulation of dust and dirt. (P. D. S. R., vol. II, 662.)
EXERCISE
23.
Translate into English
:
Pour remonter la culasse Remettre en place Textracteur et son axe, ce dernier fixe commo il a ete dit pour le demontage. Se placer dans- 1'axe du canon, a cheval sur 1'afliit, la culasse dans les deux mains comme a la fin du devissage, la poignee sous le manchon; la main gauche souticnt :
la vis et 1'appuie centre 1'ecrou, tandis qtie la main droite la presente bien d'aplomb. Visser completement la culasse en ayant soin de repousser les branches de 1'extracteur pendant 1'avant-dernier
tour.
Remettre
le
talon d'extracteur af)res avoir degage 1'axe de la
q nan lite necessaire; replacer cet axe et le fixer au moyen du loquet et de sa goupille. On ne doit avoir aucun effort a faire pour replacer le loquet quand la poignee de 1'axe d'extracteur est remontee bien a fond, et la goupille du loquet doit retomber librement dans
son logement. (Titrc IV, annexe
I,
ch. II, art.
EXERCISE In
sist?
II,
10.)
24.
what does the summary examination
of
the
75% materiel con-
CHAPTER
The 155J&
The The The The The The The The The
CHAPITRE
Le canon de 155
hand lever breech-guard. goniometer. loading-tray. chassis. front door of the chassis.
lever
II.
C. Schneider.
Le contre-poids. L'anneau fixe de culasse. Le leuier de manoeuvre. Le pare-culasse. Le goniometre.
counter-weight. breech fixed ring.
connecting
-
II.
howitzer.
S.
50
the
(of
door).
La civiere de chargement. Le chassis. La porte avant du chassis. Le levier d'accrochage (de
la
porte).
The front door hinge.
La
charniere
de
la
porte
avant.
The sledge. The lever controlling the clamping the carriage on
bolt the
axle.
The
roller-box.
Le traineau. Le levier de
commande
du
d'immobilisateur de Vaffiit sur Vessieu. La boite des galets de rouleverroii
inent.
The pinion acting
straight on
toothed arc.
The support-guides
of elevating
secteurs hauteur.
arc.
The clamping
bolt of the sledge
on the chassis.
The crossbars
Le pignon agissant directement sur Varc dente. Les des supports-coulisses
of
traversing arc.
The trail-chest. The trail-handspike. The handspike-clip. The security chain
holdfast.
de
pointage
en
du verroii d'accrochage traineau sur le chassis. Les entretoises des secteurs de pointage en hauteur.
Le
Le Le La
coffret de fleche. levier de pointage.
griffe de retenue du levier de pointage. La patte d'attache de la chaine de sur etc.
-
51
rotation
L'axe de rotation du levier de pointage. La piece d'appui de la fleche sur Variant-train.
The oscillating spade. The lever-handle of oscillating
La beche oscillante. La poignee du levier de Vaxe
The
trail
handspike
axis.
The
trail block.
trail
spade connecting axis.
d'accrochage
de
la
beche
oscillante.
The hoop-jacket. The threads joining the howitzer to the sledge.
The The
La frette-manchon. Les filets Vobusier
La La
level seat.
coupling-pintle.
d'assemblage
de
du traineau.
et
facette a niueau. cheville-ouvriere
d'atte-
lage.
The neck-yoke. The ratchetgear
La of
handle and
breech.
The striker push holding
clip.
volee de bout de timon.
Uencliquetage de la poignee et du volet. Le talon du poussoir du percuteur.
The
striker
hammer
controlling
shaft.
The shutter. The extractor disengaging guide. The fastening lug of breechblock.
Uarbre de commande du marteau du percuteur. Le volet. La rampe de Vextracteur. Le tenon d'accrochage de la culasse.
The unscrewing rack. The operating rod. The counter spring. The firing hand gear. The cradle front transom shutter. The slide-nut moving on endless screw.
La cremaillere de deuirage. La tringle de commande. Le ressort de rappel. La manette de mise de feu. Le volet de Ventretoise avant du berceau. Le chariot coulissant sur la vis
sans
fin.
The recuperator-tank. The ring (sighting apparatus).
Le reservoir du recuperateur. La bague (appareil de poin-
The limb.
Le limbe. Le secteur
tage}.
The arcs and tambour
of
angles
o( sight.
The charge preparing table. The shell holding tray.
et
tambour des
angles de site. La table de chargement.
La plaque
a collerette.
The shell tongs. The wooden roller. The plastic obturator.
Les gri/fes de chary erne nt. Le rouleau en bois. Uobturatcur plastique.
EXERCISE
25.
Translate into French
:
The gun being Summary examination of ihe 155% howitzer. in the travelling position Work the breechblock mechanism make sure that the lirir g hammer is in good working order, set the firing rod in motion and see that the rod counter-spring works :
;
Work the safety-bolt against hang-fire, which should play freely in its seat (bolt the hammer again). Verify the working of the wheel-brake and disengage it completely. Make sure that the freely.
properly bolted on the chassis, and the chassis on the Open the front door, see that the transom works well, make sure that the packings of the buffer and recuperator do not leak. Close the front door which should close easily and replace the sledge
is
carriage.
Work the handspike. See that the cable for bringing the into battery, and its block are well fastened. Make sure that the axle catching bolt of the carriage grasps well. Make sure that the thong.
gun
recoil filling hole plug is properly stopped. If it were not, a drop should be seen leaking at the filling hole. Make sure that the rammers and sponge are in place and may be
easily removed from their brackets. Remove the sight bracket cover, see that the elevating and traversing wheels work well and the levels are covered. Make sure that the trail-spade is well caught. (Translated from Annexe du reglement d'artillerie de cam-
pagne, materiel 155 Schneider. Description et entretien du materiel, ch.
II, art. II,
36.)
EXERCISE
26.
Translate into English
:
Pour approvisionner le canon avec un projectile et une douilleLa piece elant en batterie, le coffre du caisson ouvert, une douille et un projectile sont prepares sur la table de chargement. Un pourvoyeiiF et un auxiliaire (on les deux pourvoyeurs a defaut :
d'auxiliaires) se tiennent a leurs postes au caisson, debout, face
-
-i.3
-
en avant, a un metre en arriere de la table de chargement, le pour voyeur devant, tous deux proteges par le caisson. L'auxiliaire prend la douille sous son bras droit, 1'ouverture en haul; les deux servants soulevent le projectile, 1'auxiliaire s'appliquant a la branche simple de la gride, et se portant a la crosse dti canon du cote gauche. Le projectile est depose sur la civiere de
pourvoyeur emporte la grille. Le projectile introremet la douille au chargeur et rentre a son poste. (Annexe du reglement d'artillerie de campagne, materiel 155
chargement,
et le
duit, 1'auxiliaire
Schneider, ch.
I,
art.
I,
4.)
EXERCISE What
27.
are the duties of the loader in the
155%
S.
howitzer?
CHAPTER
CHAPITRE
rri.
Ammunition.
Les munitions.
The projectile. The cannon-ball. The bomb.
The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The
Le projectile. Le boulet. La bombe.
shell.
L'obus.
shrapnel. time-shell. percussion-shell.
high explosive
segment
shell.
shell with bullets.
illuminating shell. star-shell.
tracer-shell.
incendiary shell. tear-shell.
gas-shell.
elongated shell. canister-case. cartridge.
brass cartridge-case.
Fixed ammunition. The cone of dispersion.
The The The The The The The
III.
pattern.
danger-space. fougasse (or blind shell).
ogive sheaf. lateral (or side) sheaf.
base sheaf.
shock and explosion
eflects.
L'obus L'obus L'obus L'obus L'obus L'obus L'obus L'obus L'obus L'obus L'obus L'obus
a balles.
fusant.
percutant. explosif. a mitraille.
eclairant.
a etoiles. traceur.
incendiaire.
lacrymogene. a gaz. allonge.
La boite a mitraille. La cartouche. La douille (de laiton). Les cartouches completes. La gerbe (de Vobus a balles}. La zone battue. La zone dangereuse.
La La La La
/ougasse.
gerbe d'ogive. gerbe laterale. gerbe de culot. Les effets de choc
et d'explo-
sion.
The
axe-stroke.
The rim.
Le coup de hache. Le bourrelet de la
douille.
The The The The The The The The The The The The The The
body
(of
L'amorce.
Le corps d'obus.
the shell).
driving (or rotating) band. ogive (or point).
La
base.
shoulder.
Le culot. Le renflement.
eye-hole.
L'ceil.
cup. central lube.
opening washer.
central tube).
(in
ceintnre.
L'ogive.
La chambre a poudre. Le tube central. La tulipe. Le diaphragme.
bullets.
Les
seating in of the shell.
Le sertissage du
The The
La charge de poudre.
powder-charge. primer.
balles.
projectile.
La fusee.
fuze.
projectile equipped with a
Le
projectile
muni de
fusee.
fuze.
The fuze-stud. The point- fuze. The base-fuze. The percussion-fuze. The time-fuze. The time and percussion
fuze
Le La La La La La
tenon de
la
fusee.
fusee cVogive. fusee de culot. fusee percutante. fusee fusante. fusee a double effet.
(or combination fuze).
The The The The The The The The The
delayed action fuze. non- delayed action fuze. instantaneous fuze.
La fusee a retard. La fusee sans retard. La fusee instantanee.
cap.
Le Le Le Le Le Le
needle-plug. needle.
time-needle.
percussion -needle. detonator-holder (or deto-
chapeau.
bouchon rugueux. rugueux.
rugueux de concuteur. rugueux de percuteur. porte-amorce.
nator-pellet).
The detonator. The lime-detonator. The ferrule. The safety-spring.
Uamorce.
Uamorce de
concuteur.
La masselotte. Le ressort de surete.
The The The The The
Lc ressort 'Tarmcmeni. L'agrafe d'armement.
arming spring. stirrup spring.
La poudre comprimee. La composition fusante. Le bouchon 'de queue.
compressed powder. fusing composition. base -plug.
X The The The The The The The The The The The
X La La
gaine (or exploder). disc (or plaquette).
gaine-relai.
plaquette.
Le tampon (pour La gargousse.
plug.
cartridge in bag. tube.
0. E.}.
Uetoupillc. Uetoupille a friction.
friction tube.
electric tube.
vent-sealing tube. stock of shells (or powder). touch-hole.
match.
L'etoupille electrique. Uetoupille obturatrice.
Le lot d'obus La lumiere. La meche.
EXERCISE
(ou de poudre}.
38.
Translate into French
:
Action of time and percussion fuze n 64, (quick firing 4'7 inch gun).
mark
II
.
Time arrangement. drawn, the safety pillar
The time safety pin having been with-
free to fall into its recess in the stem of the fuze, clear of the detonator pellet. On shock of discharge, the time detonator pellet sets back, straightening the arms of the stirrup spring carrying the detonator on to the needle. The flash from the detonator passes to the composition in the top ring, which burns round until it comes to the communicating hole in the bot torn ring, the composition of which burns back in the opposite direction until it reaches the communicating hole in the flange ol the fuze, whence the flash passes to the base plug and into the is
shell.
Percussion arrangement. The withdrawal of the percussion safety pin leaves the ferrule free to set back on shock of discharge, straightening the arms of the stirrup spring and withdrawing itself from the slot in the retaining bolt. The latter spins
-
57
-
out when the shell rotates, leaving only the spring to prevent the percussion pellet creeping forward. On graze or impact, the pellet moves forward on to the needle, compressing the creep spring, and fires the detonator and powder in the pellet and base-plug, the Hash then passing into the shell. (Handbook of the Q. F., 4*7 inch # guns on travelling carriages. Land service, 1916, p. 47.)
EXERCISE
29.
Translate into English
:
L'obus a balles a charge arriere est coristitue comme il suit Le corps d'obus est en acier embouti; le tube de communication de feu, en acier doux elire, est muni a sa partie superieure d'une tulipe en laiton qui recoit la queue de la fusee. Les balles, an nombre de 630, pescnt 12 grammes. Les interstices des balles soul remplis avec un melange de resine et de cire jaune qui assure une bonne fixite de chargemenl. Le chargement des balles s'appuie, a la partie inferieure, sur :
un diaphragme qui separe la chambre a balles de la chambre' a poudre. Un autre diaphragme, en forme de cuvette, dont les parois laterales s'appuient sur le joint du corps d'obus et de 1'ogive, surmonte le chargement en balles. L'ogive reste vide. (Cours de VEcole militaire de Var tiller ie, 1917 : Munitions, ch. Ill, p. 65.)
EXERCISE
30.
Give a description of the diderent kinds of tubes used the powder-charge of cartridges in bags.
fire to
axr-il
to set
58
-
PART IV. ARTILLERY TRAINING. CHAPTEK
IV
INSTRUCTION
D'ARTILLERIE
I.
CHAPITRE
Troop regulations.
Gunners'
drill.
Section drill.
Battery
drill.
The platoon commander.
The
section leader.
The gun-numbers. The layer. The firer. The loader. The fuze-puncher. The first ammunition number. The second ammunition number. The gun-crew (or gun -squad).
A
miss-fire.
The The
deflection.
deflection correction.
PARTIE.
1".
L'ecole de la troupe,
Ecole du canonnier servant. Ecole de la piece. Ecole de batterie.
Le chef de sectoin. Le chef de piece. Les servants. Le pointeur. Le tireur. Le chargeur. Le deboucheur. Le premier pouruoyeur. Le second pourvoyeur. Le peloton de piece.
Un
rate.
La derive. La correction de
derive.
The aiming point. The auxiliary aiming point (or marking point). The reference point. The stake. The dummy cartridge of wood. The arrangements for combat.
Le point de pointage. Le point de reperage.
Direct laying.
Pointage direct (ou mise en
Le repere (le point de repere}. Le piquet de reperage. La fausse cartouche en bois. Les dispositions de combat. direction a vue).
-
59
Pointage indirect (ou mise en direction au moyen d'un point de pointage).
Indirect laying.
A masked position. The sheaf. The directing piece. The reciprocal sighting. The salvo. The volley. The fire for adjustment. The fire for effect.
Une Le La Le La La Le Le La
Fire control.
position masquee.
faisceau. piece directrice.
pointage reciproque. salve. rafale. tir
de reglage.
tir d'efficacite.
conduite du feu.
The gun is in battery. To man the piece. Without a break. The stud falls into its groove.
Le canon est en batterie. Manosuurer la piece. Sans arret. Le tenon (de la fusee] tombe dans son logement.
To disengage. To press smartly
Desengrener.
down
all
the
le levier de madu debouchoir] brusquement et a fond. Lancer la cartouche a fond.
Appuyer
(sur
nosuvre
.
To shove the cartridge
way
way
all
the
in.
To straddle the right seat. There is perfect team-work between the gun-numbers.
To give the range. To clamp in... To put on deflection. To take the axis lines. To give the angle of sight. To have the trail shifted. The gunner is bothered by the wheels.
To steady the gun. The piece is in abatage. The piece is seated. The locking takes place.
le siege de droite. y a entente parfaite entre les servants.
Enfourcher II
Donner
la
hausse.
S'embolter dans... Metlre la derive.
Prendre
de
les lignes
Donner Vangle de Faire deplacer
Le pointeur
foi.
site.
la crosse.
est
gene par
les
roues.
Abattre.
La piece La piece
est abattue. est assise.
L'enclanchement se produit.
60
The teeth of ged those
the hook have engaof the rack.
Les dents du crochet sont engagees dans celles de la cremaillere.
To survey the horizon. To register the deflection. To lay for elevation. To lay for direction (to traverse). To center the bubble (to bring it between its marks). To form in double rank. To break into double time (or to take up double time). To make the buller bear on the
Reperer. Pointer en hauteur. Pointer en direction.
Amener
la bulle
entre ses re-
peres.
Se former sur deux rangs. Prendre le pas gymnastique. Mettre
le
frein sur son cous-
sin.
bed.
To lock the elevating wheel. To bring the piece into action. To measure minimum elevation.
The rear-sight is sticking. The lieutenant helps in getting the battery in position. self in readiness to replace the captain.
To hold one's
Words Fall in
Faire un tour d'horizon.
of
Cater le volant de pointage en hauteur. Mettre la piece en batterie.
Mesurer (ou prendre} la hausse minima. La hausse est coincee. Le lieutenant collabore a la mise en batterie-. Se lenir pret a remplacer
le
capital ne.
command.
Commandements. Rassemblement!
!
To your posts
A vos postes! Pointeur, sur moi! Plateau 0, tambour 100, poin-
!
Layer, on me Plateau 0, tambour 100, lay !
!
tez!
Register deflection
Mark
Reperez!
!
deflection (or record)
Diminish by 10 mils se)
Inscrivez
!
Basis deflection (or zero line) Increase by 10 mils!
!
(or decrea-
En
la
derive!
surveillance!
Augmentez de 10! Diminuez de 10!
!
Open the sheaf by 5! Distribute by 5 move
Echelonnez de !
5!
Augmentez Vechelonnement de
the
Close
Concentrate
sheaf.
61
LJiminuez Vechelonncment de 5!
by 5! \\ithoutabatage With abatage! Prepare for abatage
Sans abattre!
!
Ready
Make
Abattez!
down
last...
brakes
Abattez... ferme!
!
A droite 10 tours! Au collimateur!
!
Pour
!
re lever!
Relevez!
Lift!
Down
abattre!
Pret!
!
Ten turns on the right With the sight! Lift
Pour
!
A
!
Corrector 18
Right by Three thousand. Three two hurdred. Three two fifty. Three two seventy live. Nineteen fifty. Stand clear
Latte-
t
err el
Par
Correcteur 18
Par
ries
batterie
la droite.
3.000.
3.200. 3.250.
3.275. 1.950.
Pour
!
premier coup!
le
Feu!
Kire!
au feu!
Halt! (stop firing!)
II alt e
Resume
Continuez le feu! Cessez le jeu!
firing
!
Cease firing! Three rounds Three rounds Sweeping Three rounds Double sweeping Progressive fire! !
!
!
Progressive and sweeping
Moving
target Fire at will!
Under cover
!
trois!
trois
Fauchez!
Par
trois
Fauchez double!
Tir progressif! Tir progressif But mobile!
A
Fauchez!
volonte!
Abritez-vous!
!
Right by piece
lire!
Par Par
!
Par
EXERCISE
la
droite par piece!
31.
Translate into French
To insert the round puncher (or fuze punch
:
Having accurately set the fuze, the fu/.e number) withdraws the rourdfrom the fuze-
punch. Technical vocabulary.
3
-
%
62
Al the same time, he slips his left hand toward the point of the projectile u^til it is about at the center of gravity of the round. As soon as the fuze is clear of the body of the fuze-punch, he passes the cartridge to the loader who, approaching the gun, raises the point of the projectile slightly ahove the base and allows the weight of the round to be supported by the left hand. The lingers of the right hand are rigidly extended, the palm of the hand being kept firmly pressed against the -base of the cartridge case. Taking position to the left and rear of the breech, the front of his body being parallel to the axis of the bore, eyes on the breech recess, the loader inserts the nose of the projectile in the chamber and shoves it forward, the extended right hand being brought sharply against the face of the breech. The closing of the breech insures the proper seating of the projectile. (P. D. S. R., vol. Ill, ch.
II,
915.)
EXEBfCISE
32.
Translate into English
:
Le procede du pointage reciproque permet de rendre les plans de des trois autres pieces paralleles a celui de la piece directrice 1" Mettre pour toutes les pieces Tangle de site a zero et la bulle eiilre ses reperes, placer les rallo.sges d'appareil de pointage; 2 Placer a vue les autres pieces paralleles a la piece directrice 3 Reperer successivement la piece directrice sur les colonnes d'appareil de pointage des autres pieces, en commencant par la plus eloignee, et annoncer. au fur et a mesure, les derives de reperage; 4 Donner a chacune des aulres pieces celle de ces derives qui lui correspond, et la pointer sur la colonne d'appareil de pointage de la piece directrice, en la faisant tourner autant que possible autour de la verticalede sa colonise d'appareil de pointage. Si Ton a des doutes sur le faisceau obtenu, il peut etre avantageux de recommencer les operations 3 el 4 une deuxieme fois, et en pointant an moyen du volant de pointage en direction seul. tir
:
;
(TitrelV, ch.
Ill, art. II,
120.
EXERCISE What
33.
are the duties of the six gunners of the
75% lield-gun?
CHAPTER
63
CHAPITRE
II.
Instruction sur le
Firing instruction.
SECTION
I.
II.
ARTICLE
Definitions.
The horizontal plane. The plane of sight. The plane of lire. The line of sight. The line of fire. The line of departure. The range. The map-range. The gun-range. The trajectory. The m tximum ordinate. The angle of sight. The angle of elevation. The j'imp. The quadrant elevation. The quadrantangleof departure. The angle of departure. The a gleof fall (or descent). The angle of incidence. The angle of impact. The height of burst. The distance of burst (or burst
e
I.
tir.
Definitions.
plan horizontal.
Le plan de Le plan de
site. tir.
La ligne de site. La ligne de tir. La ligne de projection. La portee. La distance topographique, La hausse. La tra/ectoire. La fleche. Uangle de site. Uangle de hausse. Uangle de relevement. Uangle au niveau. Dangle de projection. Uangle de depart. Uangle d'arrivie. Uangle de chute. Uangle ^incidence. La hauteur d eclat ement. La distance d'eclatement. 1
ra ge).
The terval of burst. The tandard height. The guiar distance
Uintervalle d'eclatement.
i
i
The The The
inflection. i.
i
rift. il.
La hauteur-type. (or dis-
Uecart angulaire.
La La
derive.
derivation.
Le millieme.
The muzzle velocity. The remaining velocity. The striking (or terminal)
velo-
64
La La La
vitesse initiale. vitesse en
un point donne:
vitesse restante.
city.
The time of flight. The rate of burning. The point of fall (or impact).
La diiree de trajet. La diiree de combustion. Lc point de chute (ou d'itn-
The plane of defilement. The trial angle. The direction angle. The base angle.
Le plan de defilement.
pact}.
SUCTION
II<
Preparation of
L'angle d'essai. L" angle de direction.
Uangle de ARTICLE
II.
surveillance.
Preparation dio
fire.
tir.
Selecting the emplacement for the battery.
Choix de ('emplacement' de batterie.
The defilade (or concealment). The dismounted defilade.
Le defilement. Le defilement de Ihomme
oi
pied.
The mounted
Le defilement de Vhomme a
defilade.
cheval.
The materiel (or sight) defilade. The flash defilade. The semi-covered position.
Le defilement du materiel. Le defilement des lueurs. La position d'un defilement
The position with rising ground
La position a contre-pente.
inferieur a celui des lueurs^
behind
(or
on
a
counter-
slope).
Les voies d'acces. Le masque. Le couvert.
The approaches. The mask. The cover.
A gun remote from the To locate the flashes.
crest.
Un canon
eloigne de
Situer
lueurs.
les
la
crele~
65
To
bring (or move) into position.
a ballery
To evade observation by
hostile
Eire
defile
aux
des
lues
avions.
aircraft.
To be under cover. To carry out a reconnaissance. To have a natural eye for coun-
Occuper une position defilee. Executer une reconnaissance. Avoir du coup d'ceil (sur le terrain}.
try.
To bring
Meitre en batterie.
fire to
bear over an
Tirer sur une zone ctendue.
extensive area.
To pass a point. To seek out.
Passer par un point. Rechercher.
To run up the guns
to the cresl.
Poitsser les pieces a bras ,en auant jusqu'au somrnet de la crete.
Forming and orienting the sheaf
The frontage to be swept. The aiming. The battery telescope (or
Le jronl a B.
telescope). The B. G. ruler.
The hand breadth. The Galilean telescope. The transit. The compass-goniometer. The range-Under. The panoramic sketch. The parallax.
The convergence
A
Formation
difference.
sheaf of a given span.
et orientation
du faisceau des plans de
of the planes of fire.
C.
La La
battre.
visee.
lunette de batterie.
La reglette. Le travers de main. La lunette de Galilee. Le theodolite. Le goniometre-boussole. Le telemetre. Le croquis panoramique. Le parallaxe. La correction de convergence.
Un
faisceau d'ouverture don-
nee.
To measure by hand. To measure by field-glasses. To lay by eyesight.
tir.
Me surer
a
la
Mesurer a
la
main.
jumelle. Mettre en direction a vue.
-
66
-
To lay by staking.
Mettre en direction par jalonnement.
To
Apprecier
find the range.
la
distance (teleme-
trer).
The battery
is
in observation.
The conspicuous features
of
the
La
batterie lance.
est
en
surveil-
Les points remarquables
du
terrain.
field.
EXERCISE
34.
Translate into French
:
The
selection of suitable aiming points for indirect laying calls for special attention. The best aiming points are :
1)
Continuously visible through the sighting-apparatus
of
each
gun; designated and identified; At a considerable distance from the guns 4) Of narrow width and sharp definition; 5) Near the normal to the line of guns or near the line guns prolonged. 2) Easily 3)
;
of the
The use of the same aiming point by all the guns of a lire unit simplifies both lire direction and conduct of fire. When time is available before the guns come up, it is best to go to the point where each gun is to be placed and make sure that the aimirg point will be visible through the sight from that point. But a common aiming point is not indispensable. Although refinements in calculation of parallax are uncalled for, errors in its computation should be minimized by the selection of distant aiming points. Usually, points more than 2000 yards distant will be found most suitable. (P. D. S. R., vol. Ill, sect. VIII,
EXERCISE
1159-1163.)
35.
Translate into English
:
Determination de V emplacement de batterie. Du sommet du couvert, ou du pied du masque, mesurer Tangle de site du but. L'ajouter algebriquement a Tangle de tir pour la distance du couvert ou du masque au but. Tons les points du terrain d'oii un observateur, etant a la position du tireura genoux, voit le sommet de la masse couvrante sous un angle de site an plus egal a cette somme algebrique, peuvent etre occupes.
-
67
-
Du point le plus pros du roiiverl ou TO.I voit le Autrt' procc'de. but, reperer dans le paysage ou dans le ciol le point H qui se trouve au-dessus du but a une distance angulairr. egale a Tangle de tir. Tous Iqs points du terrain d'oii tin observateur, a la position du tireur a genoux, apergoit le point repere au-dessus du ras de la crete ou du sommet du masque, petivenl etre occupes. (Til re IV, partie, ch. IV,
11
147.)
EXERCISE
36.
The battery lias been brought into position. The captain has not yet completed his reconnaissance. You just know the approximate direction of the target. Explain how you form the sheaf of the planes of lire. SECTION.
Execution of
Ill
ARTICLE
tir.
of the planes of fire.
Handling
To To To To
change targets.
Changer
command
of
the
tir.
Diuiser
d'objeciif. le
commandernent de
la batterie.
battery.
To resume
Maniement des plans de Ouvrir le feu. Etendre son front.
open lire. extend one's front. divide the
Execution du
III.
fire.
the
command.
A broken-up sheaf. A modification by o;.e
Heprendre
le
comman dement.
Un
faisceau disloque. Une modification d'un millie-
mil.
me.
To con cent rale
1
\
To distribute The
so
many
mils.
\
difficulties of control.
Observation.
The prismatic The binocular
telescope. (or iield glass).
Diminuer nement
I"ec1ielon,
Augmented
I
,
eche-
de tant.
lonnement Les difjicnltes de commandement.
Observation.
La lunette prismatique La fume lie.
68
The The The The The The The The The
scissor telescope. graticules of the field glass.
power field of
(or
magnification).
view.
a ciseaux.
Les graduations de Le grossissement. Le champ.
La mise an La lentille.
focussing. lens.
focus.
Le foyer de
illumination.
La
adjustment
for interpupil-
lary distance.
burst in
la
jumelle.
point. la lentille.
clarte.
Le reglage a Vecartemeni des ijeux.
The object-glass. The eye-piece. The over round (or over). The short round (or short). The doubtful round. The bracketing (or mixed) salvo. The bracket (or fork). The error in direction. The error in range.
A A A A A
La jumelle
L'objectif.
L'oculaire.
Le coup long. Le coup court. Le coup douteux.
La La
L'ecart en portee.
Un Un Un Un Un
air.
burst on graze.
salve encadrantee.
fourchette. Uecart en direction.
coup fusant. coup percutant.
The normal height.
coup fusant haut. coup fusant bas. coup a bonne hauteur. La bonne hauteur (hauteur-
The range-jumps.
Les bonds en portee.
high burst. low burst.
normal burst.
tijpe}.
Axial observation.
L 'observation
Single line observation (or unilateral observation). Double-line observation (or bilateral observation).
L'observalion unilateral.
The observing station
L'observaloire.
(or obser
axiale.
L'observation bilaterale.
vation post).
The target. The angle of observation.
L'objeclif
L'angle
(le
but).
d''observation.
The
selection
of
an observing
60
Le choix d'un obseruatoire.
station.
To allord cover.
A
Abriter.
transient cloud.
The splash
(or pattern) of the bullets (of a lime-shell).
fugitif.
trace des balles (d'un fusant}.
obus
A
Failing smoke...
To make a point
Un nuage La
of...
defaut de fumee... S'astreindre a...
Fire for adjustment.
The firing-data. The data-book. The base-line. The auxiliary target. The witness target. The calibration. The meteorological report. The atmospheric pressure. The velocity of the wind. The head wind. The following wind. The cross wind. The ballistic wind. The longitudinal component. The transversal component. The temperature. The coefficient of adjustment after stripping (K ). The theoretical range cleared of corrections.
The theoretical change
of deflection cleared of corrections.
The error of the day. The control (or verifying) salvo. The principles (or rules) of fire. The fire for registration.
Tir de reglage.
Les elements d'un
Le La Le Le Le Le La La Le Le Le Le
carnet de
tir,
tir.
base-repere. but auxiliaire. but temoin.
regimage. sondage. pression atmospherique. vitesse
du
vent.
vent retardateur. vent propulseur. vent lateral. vent balistique.
La composante longiludinale. La composante transversale. La temperature. Le
coefficient de reglage apres depoiiillemenl (A' ). La distance theorique ramenee a zero.
L'ecart zero.
theorique
ramene a
Les corrections du moment.
La
salve de controle.
Les regies de
Le
tir
tir.
de reperage.
70
To calibrate the gun. The corrections for... The projectile ranges shorter. The control salvo is meant check the data
Regimer
to
of the lire for
La
salve de controle a pour but de verifier les elements
du
effect.
To
la piece.
Les corrections dues a... Le projectile va moins loin.
tir d'efficacite.
Entrainer
entail fresh ranging.
un
nouveau
re-
glage.
Fire for effect.
The The The The The
single range
searching salvo
lire.
searching volley progressive
Tir d'efficacite.
lire.
lire.
lire.
progressive and sweeping
fire.
A
Un lire.
encircling barrage.
counter-preparation reprisal
lire.
lire.
concentration lire. destruction lire.
The harassing The breach.
The captain
tir
par rafales echelonnees.
tir
progressif.
tir
avec
progressif
fau-
La cadence du feu. Le coup de flambage.
switch.
barrage
tir
sur hausse unique. par salves echelonnees.
tir
chage.
The rate of lire. The warmer (shot). The The The The The The
Le Le Le Le Le
for
transport de tir. de barrage.
tir
tir tir tir
tir
tir
d'encagement. de contre-preparation. de represailles. de concentration. de destruction (ou de
demolition}. Le tir de harcelement. La breche.
lire.
calls
Le Le Le Le Le Le
sweeping
Le capitaine
fait
fauchcr.
fire.
The target does not warrant a heavy consumption of ammunition.
Ammunition-saving. Sqme guns may remain
idle.
Le but ne comports pas une grande
consommumni
de
munitions. Econome de munitions. Certaines pieces pas tirer.
peuvent
ne
To open a quick rate
of lire for
Executer un
tir
rapide
d'ef/i-
cacite.
eilect.
To range on theobjective rapidly.
Regler rapidement
sur
I'ob-
jectif.
To narrow down the bracket. To add or drop so many metres to or from the range. To gain cover. The fire slackens. The battery-fire is mastered (or
Resserrer la fourchette. Ajouter ou retrancher tant de metres a la porlee. Chercher (ou gagner] un abri.
Le feu (le tir} se ralentit. La batterie est reduite au
si-
lence.
silenced).
To cripple a battery. To bring infantry to a
standstill.
Paralyser une batterie. Arreter la progression de linfanterie.
To prevent
it
from resuming
its
advance.
To dispense with a process. To ascertain a range. The whereabouts of a machine-
sa
L'empecher de reprendre progression. Se dispenser d nn procede. Verifier une hausse. j
La
to resort to...
approximative position d'une mitrailleuse. Avoir recours a...
To deliver an assault. To set up a belt of fire. To achieve the object in view..
Livrer Vassaut. Etablir un barrage. Atteindre le but cherche.
gun.
EXERCISE
37.
Translate into French
:
In determining the data for indirect laying, the following is a of the operations which may be carried out when an oLserving-station on the flank of the guns must be taken and a suitable one can be found within 400 or 300 yards of the guns
summary
:
1) Select an observing-station from which a good view of the target and its surroundings may be obtained which is as close to the guns as the conditions permit and which is as nearly as possible on
the prolongation of their front; 2) Select an aiming point which is surely visible from all the guns, whose direction is as nearly normal to the front as possible and whose distance from them is preferably not less than 2000 yards; 3) Measure the angle from aiming point to target, the angle of sight, and the front of the target in mils;
_
72
-
4) Measure or estimate the distance to aiming point and to target and compute the parallax of each o) Determine the convergence difference, estimate or measure the distance to the directing piece and apply the rule for the deter;
mination of the deflection 6) Determine the deflection difference; ;
7)
Correct the angle of sight,
if
necessary, for difference of level
between observing-station and guns, adopt the corrector which previous fire has shown to he the most suitable, and lake the Tange as measured or estimated. (P. D. S. H., vol. Ill, ch. VI, 1226
sect. VIII,
)
EXERCISE
38.
Translate into English
:
On appelle salve de controle une salve tiree, lorsque le reglage est termine, avec toules les pieces qui doivent participer an tir d'efficacite. Elle a pour but de verifier les elements du tir d'efficacite et, en outre, dans le tircontre obstacle, d'ameliorer la hausse, y a lieu. La salve de controle est tiree en coups fusants has ou en coups percutants., suivant que le tir d'efficacite doit etre fusant on percutant, et sur la hausse de depart de ce tir. La salve de contr61e peut etre renouvelee lorsqu'elle a entraine des modifications importantes dans la direction ou la hauteur. Dans le tir contre les troupes, la salve de controle ne doit etre executee ni contre un but rapproche, ni lorsque la derniere salve -de reglage, ayant etc tiree sur la limite courte de la fourchette, a permis de constater que la hauteur et la direction sont reglees. s'il
(Titre IV,
II
8
partie, ch. V,
183.)
EXERCISE Speak
of the different
range and direction.
methods
of
39.
observation of
fire
both in
Conduct of
SECTION IV.
Accuracy of
fire
and
The mean point
fire.
73
I
ARTICLE
center of
Conduile du feu.
Efficacite et dispersion,
dispersion.
(or
IV.
Le point moyen.
impact).
The mean error. The probable error in
L'ecart moyen. L'ecart probable
:
range;
in direction; in height;
.
in height of burst.
The 50 "/ (fifty par cent) zone. The strip containing 7 of
%
event.
L'evenement.
Le cas favorable. Le cas possible.
possible outcome. certainty.
moral certainty. total probability.
compound
probability.
law
lorg run.
How
to engage the different targets of the battlefield.
The sheltered personnel. The personnel of an artillery provided with shields. Infantry, prone without pack. .
.
.
.
.with pack on back. with pack in front of head.
.
Starts.
Aircraft.
Earthworks.
The timeliness
%
des
coups.
desired outcome.
of the
:
portee; direction; hauteur; hauteur d'eclatement.
Deux ecaris probables. La bande conlenani 7
the shots.
The The The The The The The The
En En En En
of the fire.
La La La La La
certitude.
certitude morale.
probabilite totale. probabilite composee. des grands nombres.
loi
Maniere de combattre les differents objec.ifs du champ de bataiile.
Le personnel abrite. Le personnel d'une
artillerie
a boucliers.
couchee In/anterie rang sans sacs. ...
...
sac au dos. sac deuant la tete.
Les etals-mafors. Les objectifs aeriens. Les terrassements. Ua-propos du tir.
sur
un
-
To
avail one's self of the time
lost
by the adversary.
Under pains of. To set on fire.
.
.
In the thick of fight.
This difficulty with.
is
done
Provision should be the case in which.
away
made
for
74
-
Mettre a profit le temps perdu par Vadversaire. Sous peine de... Incendier. Au plus fort du combat. Cette difficult^ est supprimee. II
faut preuoir
le
cas
oil,..
To answer requisites. To meet an emergency. The objectives have not yet put
Parer a un incident. Les objecti/s n'ont pas encore
in an appearance. This has but the value
paru. Cela n'a
To take cover
in a
of a hint.
wood.
Repondre a des desiderata.
que la valeur d'un renseignement. S'abriter dans un bo/s.
...during lulls. The climax grows near.
Sous le feu. Pendant les accalmies. Le denouement deuient immi-
Coolness
Le sang-froid.
Acute tactical sense. At top speed.
Avec
.
.
.under
fire.
nent.
Un
EXERCISE
sens tactique aiguisd. la
rapidite
maximum.
40.
Translate into French
:
Many obstacles may be destroyed by light artillery, but always at the price of a large expenditure of ammunition; they are attacked by high-explosive shell or percussion shrapnel. Defenders behind stone-walls may best be reached by demolishing the walls. Earthworks can only be damaged. The
fire directed on them should be destined only for the defenders who are sheltered by them; percussion shrapnel or high-explosive shell will be used. Localities are attacked with a view of indicting losses on the troop that are believed to be assembled there, or to render them untenable by the demolition of buildings, to which incendiary effect
-
73
-
be added. They are attacked by the percussion fire high-explosive projectiles or by low bursting time-shrapnel. While light artillery shell permits the accomplishment of the result sought, the shell of heavy artillery containing more explosive can produce a greater disorganization of high substantial buildings and of compact group. (P. D. S. R., vol. Ill, ch. VI, sect. XIV
may sometimes
of
1399-1400.)
EXERCISE
41.
Translate into English
:
La determination des elements du tir dans des limites etroites que dans des conditions d'observation suffisamment
n'est possible
favorables; elle prend du temps; enfin, les limites etroites sont plus sujettes a erreurque les limites larges. Mais elle pennet d'avoir plus de rendement avec moins de projectiles, sur un objectif dont la vulnerabilite ne change pas avec le
temps. Suivant 1'urgence du resultat, la duree de 1'occasion, les conditions de 1'observation, le commandant de batterie cherchera 1'efficacite estimee necessaire soit par urie consommation plus grande, inais plus rapidement faite, sur un espace plus etendu, soit par une consommation moindre, mais prenant plus de temps, sur un espace 197.) plus etroit. (Titre IV, IP partie, ch. VI, art. I,
EXERCISE
How 1)
to
engage
42.
artillery targets. Fire against
Reconnaissance parties;
Batteries getting into position; battery whose guns are seen; 4) An unseen battery behind a crest;
2)
3) Artillery in
Conclusion.
:
CHAPTER
76
-
III.
CIIAP1TRE
m.
Topography or survey.
Topographie.
Topographical instruments for
Instruments topographiques de batterie.
the battery.
The plane-table. The Iripod. The boll. The adjusting nut. The fastening screws. The declinator. The magnetic needle. The Peigne box compass. The levelling alidade (or alidade
La planchette. Le pied de planchette. Le boulon de planchette. L'ecrou.
Les
Le
vis de serrage. declinatoire.
L'aiguille magnetique.
La boussole Peigne. L' alidade nivelatrice.
slope rule).
The air-level. The glass phial. The mounting. The hinged standards. The boxwood ruler. The eye-holes. The eccentrics. The steel tape decameter. The levelling staff (or picket). The rod- man. The plumb-line. The zinc square. The protractor. The ruler. f
Topographical surveying.
Le niueau. La fiole da niueau. La monture. Les pinnules.
La
regie en buis.
Les ceilletons. Les excentriques. Le decametre a ruban. Le /a/o/2. Vaide. Le I'll a plomb. L'equerre graduee. Le rapporteur.
La
regie plate.
Precedes topographiques.
Traversing. Resection.
Le cheminement. Le relevement.
Intersection.
L 'intersection.
The
Les coles du cheminement.
legs of the traverse.
The rising gradient. The falling gradient. A landmark. The argument.
The The chart
La pente ascendante. La pente descenduiile. Un point du terrain. La discussion (d''un problem^}. La declinaison.
declination.
of
magnetic declina-
tion.
La
carte de la dcchnaison
ma-
gnetiqiie.
The yearly variation. The daily variation. The polar star. The little Dipper. Thebiir Dipper.
True north. Magnetic north.
La La
variation seculaire, variation diurne.
Uetoile polaire. La Petite Ourse. La Grande Onrse.
Le nord geographiqne. Le nord magnetiqiic.
Relief of the ground.
Relief
du
so!.
The contours. The hatching.
Les coiirbes de niveau. Les Jiachures.
Hill shading.
Relief represente par des hachares.
The The The The The The The
plateau (or table-land).
Le bassin (ou encuuement). Le col (ou ensellemenl}. La colline. Le tertre. Le mamelon. Le plateau.
spur.
L'eperon.
basin.
neck
(or saddle)
hill.
knoll. hillock.
crest.
La vallee. La gorge. La cr&te.
defile.
Le
military crest. fold oi the ground.
La crete militaire. Le repli de terrain. La contre-pente. La pente ascendante. La pente descendanle
The,valley.
The'pass.
The The The The The The The
counter- slope. reverse slope.
forward slope.
defile.
Vennemi}. Technical vocabulary.
,
(vers
The plan
78
directeur.
Le plan directeur.
The map (or charO. The scale. The coordinates. The ordinate. The abscissa.
To tack a sheet
of
La
plane-table
carte.
Uechelle.
Les coordonnees. L'ordonnee. L'abscisse.
paper on the
plane.
The
-
is
over
the
Fixer sur
une la
de
feuille
papier
planchette.
La planchette
est
sur
le
point.
station-point. It is
horizontal (or levelled). oriented.
Elle est horizontale. Elle est orientee.
It is
declinated.
Elle est declinee.
It is
To
on the plane-table a point known by its coordinaset off
tes.
To draw diagonals. To check an operation. To bring the bubble between
its
marks. To make fast the screws. To sight a point. To check (or verify) the alignment. To reduce a distance to scale.
Reporter sur
la planchette un point defini par ses coordonnees. Tracer des diagonales. ^
Verifier une operation. la bulle entre ses reperes.
Amener Serrer
les
vis.
Viser un point. Verifier Valignement.
Reduire
une
distance
a
Vechelle.
A
Un
sensitive declinator.
declinatoire sensible.
To lay of! a direction. To run a traverse. To measure gradients.
Tracer une direction. Faire un cheminement.
A
Un
Mesurer des pentes.
horsehair is stretched across the front standard.
To stick a fine needle. To bring the edge of the alidade against the needle. draw a ray towards
To
the
point.
To measure a distance by pacing.
la
crin est tendu le long de pinnule anterieure.
Piquer une aiguille fine. Appliquer le biseau de V alidade contre Vaiguille. Tracer la visee correspondant au point. Mesurer une distance au double pas.
To compute
di (Terences of level.
79
C nl culer
les
differences de ni-
ve.au.
To
locate a point on the plane-
Situer un point sur
la
plan-
chellc.
table.
The bearirg of a direction. To slake out a direction on the
Uorientation d'une direction. Jalonner nne direction sur le terrain.
ground.
To place the plane-table
in staevery second tur-
tion over
Stationner a un sommet sur deux.
ning-point.
This cause
of
error should be
11
guarded against.
jaut veiller dCerreur.
EXERCISE
cette
cause
43.
Translate into French
Levelling the plane -table
a
:
:
used for this purpose. Two points of The the tripod are driven fast into the ground, the adjusting screws being first loosened. The alidade is placed on the table along a parallel direction to the straight line joining the two points of the tripod. The instrument-man facing the level lifts the third leg of the tripod just clear and moves it laterally to the right or to the left so as to bring the bubble between its marks. The third leg is then gently let down. The alidade is placed along a direction roughly perpendicular to its previous position and the third leg is moved forwards or backwards in this new direction so as to brini; the bubble between its marks when the point is driven into the ground. The operation Js checked by placing- the level in its first level of the alidade is
position.
The plane-table once levelled, make fasj the screws of the three legs of the tripod. (Gours de 1'Ecolemilitaire de 1'artillerie. Topographical surveying, sept. 1917, p. 5.)
EXERCISE
44.
Translate into English
:
L'alidade nivelatrice se compose d'une regie enbuisde 20 a 23 centimetres portant un petit niveau a bulle d'air, et de deux pinnules dressees perpendiculairement aux exlremites de la regie; 1'une des
-
80
-
pinnules est percee de trois oeilletons, 1'autre presente une fente a 40 en parties egales, avec un crin et porte des graduations de des deux c6tes de la fente; du cote droit, la graduation va en monducote gauche, en descendant. L'oeilleton du milieu etle crin fournissent un plan.de visee pour le trace des directions. Enfin deux excentriques permettent de relever les extremites de la regie pour caler exactement la bulle du niveau entre ses reperes au moment de chaque lecture de pente. (Gours de 1'Ecole militaire de tant;
1'artillerie.
-
Topographic
,
Janvier 1917,
EXERCISE Give a description explain their uses.
of the different
p. 9.)
43.
topographical instruments, and
81
r.HAPTEK
CIIAPITRE
IV.
La
Field fortification.
fortification
IV.
de campagne.
A The cover. The observing stations. The communications.
The The The The The The The The The The The The
Le convert. Les vues (les observatoires}. Les communications. La tranchee.
trench.
parados. loop-hole.
parapet. elbow-rest.
shooting-bank. hurdle.
Le parados. Le creneau. Le parapet. Uappui-coude. La banquette de
La
fir.
claie.
blockhouse.
Le blockhaus.
embrasure.
L embrasure. Le poste d'ecoute. Le poste de guetieur. Le boyau.
listening post.
watching
post.
connecting (or communica-
1
tion) trench.
The draining gutter. The first line trench.
La rigole. La tranchee de premiere gne.
The doubling trench. The support trench. The intermediate trench. The outpost trench. The reduit. The place d'armes. The telephone-ditch The rack-tracing. The redan-tracing The zigzag-tracing. The winding tracing. The traverse.
La La La La
tranchee tranchee tranchee tranchde
Le La Le Le Le Le Le La
reduit.
de doublement. de soutien.
intermediate. d'avant-poste.
place d'armes.
caniveau telephonique. trace a cremaillere. trace a redans.
trace en zigzag. trace,
sinueux.
traverse (ou chicane}.
li-
The The The The The The The The The The
shelter.
L'abri.
L'abri enterre. L'abri leger.
dug-out. slight shelter.
strengthened shelter. proof dug-out. opened excavation.
L'abri renforce. L'abri a Vepreuve.
bursting surface.
La fouille decouverte. La fouille en sape profonde. La sape. La couche d'eclatement.
lines of joined stakes.
Les
deep dug-out. sap.
palanques
de
rondins
jointifs.
The transom
(or
longitudinal
Le chapeau.
top-beam).
The The The The The The The The The
upright. frame. stake. sole.
plank. post.
wooden
case.
bracing. angle brace.
The diagonal
lath.
The cross-beam. The cross-piece. The water-tight roofing. The concrete flag. The dragbar (for assembling flags).
The armature. The
The The The The The The
materials.
cross beam. fascine.
brushwood-hurdle. gabion.
sandbag. plane sheet of iron.
Lc Le Le La La Le Le Le La
montanl (ou support}. chassis.
piquet. semelle.
planche. poteau. cadre en bois.
contreventement. contre-fiche.
L'echarpe. La traverse (de toiture}. L'entretoise.
La La
toiture
impermeable.
dalle de beton.
Uetrier (pour des dalles}. L'armature.
Vassemblage
Les materiaux.
La poutrelle metallique. La fascine. La claie de broussaille. Le gabion. Le sac a terre. La tole plate.
The plane element
of
83
corrugated
La
idle
ondulee plate.
La
idle
ondulee cintree.
sheet-iron.
The curved element
of
corruga-
ted sheet-iron.
The waves
Reinforced concrete.
Les ondes (d'une idle}. Le beton de ciment. Le beton arme.
The armour The timber
Le blindage melallique. Le rondin.
(of
a sheet).
Concrete.
plating. (or
round
log)
(or
pit-prop).
Tar-paper (or asphaltic
felt).
The oak. The acacia. The ash. The elm.
The
Le carton bitume. Le chene. Uacacia.
Le frene.
Vorme. obstacle.
The shell crater. The wire entanglement. Barbed wire. The abatis. The fougasse. The chevaux de frise The hedgehog.
The concealment and camouflage.
The patches (made by earthwork).
the Draping of the ground. The flashes. The glint from the tyres. The blast from the guns. The screen of painted canvas. The strip of sacking.
L'obstacle.
Le iron d'obus. Le reseau de fil de fer. Le fil de fer barbele. L'abatis.
La fougasse. Les chevaux de Le her is son. Le defilement
et le
camouflage.
Les laches (formees par
les
travaux de terrassement}.
Le decapage du sol. Les lueurs. Ueclat des bandages de roues. Le souffle des pieces.
La
toile
camouflee.
Le masque en lage.
The tarpaulin. The chicken wire. The net.
frise.
La bdche. Le grillage. Le filet.
toile
d'embal*-
The meshes
(of a
net or wire.)
Raffia.
The construction scheme
Les mailles (d'un
filet
ou
gril-
lage}. Le r aphia.
The blind alley. The loop. The false (or dummy) The lire cracker. The dull colour. The finger-post.
The The The The The The
84
Le cul-de-sac. Le point de rebroussement. battery.
of a battery,
of construction.
protection to be scheduled. terre-plein.
platform.
epaulment. gun-pit
La fausse batterie. Le marron a lueurs. La couleur mate. La pancarte. La construction d'une
batterie.
Le projet de construction. La protection a prevoir. Le terre-plein. La plate-forme. Uepaulement. em placement
U
de
piece
en-
lerre.
The casemate. The proof-dug-out. The commanding post. The first-aid medical station. The embrasure shutter. The splinter proof epaulment. The back-fragment screen. The ammunition shelter. Thoammunitionhhelf (or recess). The niche for shells. The niche for charges. The track. The narrow gauge railway.
*. La casemate. L'abri de bombar dement.
Le Le Le Le Le
poste de cornmandement. poste de secours. volet d'embrasure.
pare-eclats.
pare-eclats arriere. L'abri a munitions. Le easier a munitions.
La niche La niche La piste. Le
a obus. a gargousses.
chemin
de
fer
a
voie
etroite.
To lit up natural obstacles. To dig a sap. To conceal a battery. To baffle the enemy's observers.
Utiliser les obstacles nalurels.
Creuser une sape. Dissimuler une batterie. Derouter les observateurs cnnemis.
To scarp
Creuser
the reverse crest of a
le
steep ridge.
line plate-jormc dans versant d'une crete escar-
pee.
To peg down sacking over the ground. To prop up the walls. To support Hie roof. To prevent the walls from slip-
Fixer de la sur le sol.
toile
d'emballage
Etayer les parois. Sontenir la toiture. eboulements.
Empecher
les
ping. To stake out the emplacement for a battery.
Piqueter
emplacement d'une
To impede the advance
Ent raver
of
the
I"
batterie.
assailant.
la
marche de
le
choc.
I'assail-
lant.
To stand the brunt
of
an assault.
Soutenir
EXERCISE Translate
iiilo
46.
French
:
Experience shows that anything that breaks the view close in front of distant objects greatly increases the difliculty of seeing
them. Such material as nets or bamboo trellis with bits of the surrounding vegetation, stuck into them may be used for this purpose. If guns have to be placed on a sky-line, a strip of sacking stretched in front of them may serve as a false sky-line when viewed from the enemy's position. Similarly brushwood hurdles placed behind guns to act as a background will often conceal them for the time being. To prevent guns from being located by the dust thrown up on discharge, the ground should be watered for some yards in front ot the muzzles, or such material as raw hides, and sacking, pegged down over it. For a similar reason the movements of guns and individuals must be restricted as much as possible when there is any likelihood of the enemy being able to observe them. (F. A. T., ch. XI,
238
-5.)
EXERCISE
47.
Translate into English
:
La securite de toute construction reposant sur ses fondations, on donner a celles-ci une surface d'appui sufiisante pour eviter leur enfoncement, et prendre des dispositions centre doit s'attacher a
leur glissement.
-
86
-
Les potcaux verlicaux d'une charpente ne doivent jamais reposer directement sur le sol. II est necessaire de les placer sur des semelles encastrees dans la terre, convenablement bourrees a leur partie inferieure et, si Ton craint le glissement, arretees par des piquets.
Toule cliarpente, pour etre indeformable, doit comporler, outre poleaux verticaux destines a supporter la charge, un contreventement serieux. Des contrefiches et des echarpes doivent former une veritable triangulation de 1'ensemble. (Gours de 1'Ecole
les
militaire de Tartillerie.
Fortification de
EXERCISE Speak
of the
campagne
,
p
56.)
48.
construction of ammunition-shelters for a given field gun).
battery position (7o%
CHAPTER
87
CHAPITRE
V.
La
Communications.
Signalling (semaphore
signal-
La
V.
liaison.
signalisation.
ling).
The The
flag.
Le fan ion.
signallers.
Les signaleurs. Les relais a voix.
Voice relay.
The megaphone. The couriers. The whistle. Optical (or v.isual) signalling.
Coloured lights (or signal lights).
The projectors. , r The dot Morse The dash
Le megaphone. Les coureurs. Le sifflet. Les signaux optiques. Les fusees. Les profecteurs. Le point. ). Sl nau * Le trait. \( 9 .
/
s,gn.ls.
j
Wireless telegraphy (or radiote-
La telegraphic sans
fil
legraphy).
The telephone. The The electro-magnet. The coil. The microphone. The switch. The receiver. The mouthpiece (or transmitter). The bell. \ The buzzer. The terminal. The plug. The earth-plate. The primary circuit. The secondary circuit. The short circuit. cell.
Le telephone.
La
pile.
L'electro-aimant.
La bobine de
la
magneto.
Le microphone. L'interrupteur L'ecouteur.
(du
combine]
Le parleur.
La sonnerie. Le vibreur. La borne. La fiche. La fiche de terre. Le circuit primaire. Le circuit secondaire. Le court-circuit.
..
-
xs
The wire. The line. The electric current. The electric cable. The switch-board.
A
Le
Une rupture de ligne. La voiture telephonique.
line-breakdown.
To connect the cells. To shake the microphone. To earth the line. The line makes partial earth
Ftelier les piles.
Secouer Mettre a II
somewhere. To disconnect. congested
line.
With the naked eye. To be within earshot
ligne.
Le courant electrique. Le cable de campagne. Le tableau (annonciateur}.
The telephone- wagon.
A
fil.
La
t
microphone.
la terre.
u a line perte a la terre.
Debrancher. Une lifjne encombree.
A of the bat-
le
Vceil nu.
Eire a portee de voix de
la
batterie.
tery.
EXERCISE
49.
Translate into French
:
In speaking into the transmitter, the head should be held in a natural position, the lips about an inch from the transmitter. The transmitter should be held with its face vertical and should be protected from the wind. In a high wind, good results may be obtained by pressing the transmitter against the throat on either side of the windpipe. Use a moderate tone of voice and speak slowly and distinctly, being careful not to slur the words or syllables, but to enunciate clearly each sound. Never shout or raise the pitch of the voice. Never use the letter for zero when so used, it is often mistaken for afour. The digit 9 being often difficult to understand, the word niner may be substituted therefor. (P. D. S. R., ;
vol. Ill, ch. VI, sect. VII,
1124.)
so
EXERCISE
50.
Translate into English
:
On reunit par un fil du circuit microphomque. deux homes de ligne, on saisit 1'appareil par la poignee et on
Verification les
appuie 1'ecouteur a la
1'oreille.
que Ton (ait des contacts avec le commutateur de Chaque poignee du combine, on entend dans 1'ecouteur un petit crafois
a)
quement; />) On appuie d'une fac,on continue sur le commutateur de poigneepour etablir les contacts de pile. En agitant le microphone, ou en passant les doigts sur la plaque du microphone, on doit entendre dans 1'ecouteur un bruissement caracteristique. Dans le cas oil ce resultat ne serai pas oblenu, il faut verifier les fits de la pile, s'assurer qu'ils sont bien serres sous les bornes et qu'aucune vis exterieure n'est desserree sur le combine. Cette verification faite, on detache un des fils de la pile et, avec l'exlr*emite de ce fil, on fait des contacts sur la borne a laquelle il etait fixe, en continuant a appuyer sur le commutateur. Ces contacts doivent etre entendus dans 1'ecouteur. (Cours de 1'Ecole militaire de 1'artillerie. Telephonic p. 46.) t
,
EXERCISE
51.
In what different manners can a battery commander communicate with his battery? Examine and criticize the various means of
communication he may have
at his disposal.
CHAPTER
The
artillery.
aerial observation.
Aircraft.
The
CHAPITRE
VI.
Cooperation of aircraft
with
90
balloon.
The kite. The airship (or dirigible). The aeroplane (or airplane). The scout battle-plane.
The bombing-plane.
VI.
L'avion et le ballon en liaison avec 1'artillerie.
L 'observation
aerienne.
Les appareils aeriens. Le ballon. Le ballon captif. Le dirigeable. L' avion.
L'avion de chasse. L'avion de bombardement.
The wireless. The transmitting sets. The receiving sets.
La
Weighted message block. The panels (or strips). The shutter-panels. The call. The wave-length. The antenna. The radio service. The air-squadron.
Le message
The receiving officer. The sheaf of light! The relief of the aeroplane. The landing ground.
L'of/icier d'antenne.
T. S. F. L'appareil transmetleur.
L'appareil recepteur. leste.
Les panneaux. Les panneaux
a.
persiennes.
L'indicatif.
La longueur
d'onde.
Uantenne. Le service radiotelegraphique. L'escadrille.
Le faisceau lumineux.
La
releve de Favion.
Le point (ou
terrain]
d'alter-
rissage.
The The The The The The The The
flight.
Le
observer.
L'observateur.
pilot.
Le
propeller.
L'helice.
rudder.
Le Le Le Le
fuselage.
landing carriage. shed.
vol.
pilote.
gouvernail. fuselage. chariot d'atterrissage.
hangar.
91
The breakdown. The basket (of the The netting. The valve. The rope. The anchor. The parachute.
balloon).
La panne. La nacelle [da Le filet. La soupape. Le cordage.
ballon}.
Uancre.
Le parachute.
To display one's panels. To remove the panels. The panels are tacked on wooden battens.
Mettre les panneaux. Enleuer les panneaux. Les panneaux sont clones sur des tringles en bois.
Lost!
Non
To operate in a high wind. To turn turtle.
Operer par grand
To
start the engine. switch on.
To To switch o(l. To bring down an aeroplane. To inflate. To deflate (or to empty).
vu! vent.
Capoter. Mettre en marche. Mettre Vallumage.
Couper Vallumage. Descendre un avion. Gonfler (un ballon}. Degonfler.
EXERCISE
52.
Translate into French
:
Both during the period of tactical reconnaissance which precedes the battle, and in the battle itself, the employment of aircraft may assist the artillery. If it is possible before a battle to ascertain the general position and number of the hostile batteries by reconnaissances from aircraft, a valuable clue to the probable grouping of the hostile artillery may be obtained and the allotment of tasks to his artillery by the divisional commander facilitated. During the battle, aircraft can assist artillery as follows
:
By the indication of concealed targets; 2) By observation of fire. Aeroplanes may be used for both these objects, but kites are of value chiefly for observation of lire. The latter, however, can only 1)
operate in a wind of from 20 to 40 miles an hour. They can lift an observer to a height of 1.500 to 2.000 feet and can keep in telephonic communication with the ground. They cannot easily be damaged by fire. (F. A. T., ch. VII, 150.)
EXERCISE
53.
Translate into English
L'observation aerienne permet
la
:
reconnaissance des objectifs,
1'evaluation des ecarts en direction et en portee, 1'observation des rafales ou salves lirees simullanement et revaluation de leurs
ecarts moyens.
Les inconvenients de ce mode d'observation sont le mode de le temps restreint de 1'observation; le mouvement rapide de 1'aeroplane; les difficultes provenant des conditions atmospheriques, de la neige, du vent, de la pluie, des nuages; 1'etendue de terrain each ee par les ailes et les moyens limites qu'oflre la liaison par T. S. P. Toutes ces difficultes rendent parfois 1'observation aerienne intermittente. Son succes depend, en outre, d'une entente parfaite entre 1'observateur et le commandant de batterie, de 1'emploi de moyens simples de communication, et de la suppression radicale de toute conversation inutile. (From the Instruction for the employment of :
communication precaire;
aerial observation,
annex
I,
part
I,
EXERCISE
1.)
54.
What are the different means of communication from aircraft. State their respective advantages and drawbacks.
PART
93
V' PARTIE.
V.
L' ARTILLERIE
ARTCLLERIE IN THE FIELD.
CHAPTER
ET DANS LE COMBAT. I.
CHAPIT11E
Organization of artillery.
Liij-ht
EN
CAMPAGNE
Organisation de
Artillerie de
Held artillery.
I".
I'artillerie.
campagne (mon-
tee).
Horse
Heavy
Artillerie a cheval.
artillery.
Mountain
Artillerie de
artillery.
Artillerie
field artillery.
montagne.
lourde
de
campa-
gne.
Heavy
a lonrde grande puissance (A. L. G. P.). Artillerie lourde aur voie fer-
Coast artillery
Arlillerie de cole.
Siege artillery Foot artillery.
Artillerie de siege. Artillerie a pied. Artillerie de forleresse.
High-powered heavy
artillery.
artillery on railroad cars (or railroad artillery).
Garrison artillery.
Artillerie
ree (A. L.
V. F.}.
Trench artillery.
Artillerie de tranchee.
Divisional artillery.
Artillerie
Corps artillery.
Artillerie de corps. Le groiipement d'urtillerie^
The artillery command. The sub-command. The group (or field-artillery talion in the U.
= 3 batteries. The group
bat-
divisionnaire.
Le sous-groupement. Le groupe.
S. service).
(or battalion) head-
--=3
batteries.
L'etat-mafor de groupe.
quarters.
The battery. The platoon. The section. Technical vocabulary.
La
batterie.
L'i section.
La
piece.
94
The gun. The howitzer. The mortar. The trench- mortar. The bomb-throver. The anti-aircraft gun. The light calibre gun. Open warfare. Position (or trench) warfare.
A
flat
A A
concealed position. position in the open.
trajectory.
movement.
in
Troops
Stationary troops. Personnel in entranchments.
The wheeled
traffic.
Pack-animals.
The
field (of fire).
Long-range Frontal
fire.
fire.
Enfilade
fire.
Le canon.
Uo busier. Le Le Le Le Le
mortier.
canon de tranchee.
lance-bombes. canon contre avion. canon de petit calibre. La guerre de monvement. La guerre de position.
Une Une Une
trafectoire tendue.
position defilee.
position vue (en campagne}. Les troupes en marche. Les troupes en station.
rase
Le personnel retranche. Le transport sur roues. Les animaux de bat. Le champ (de tir}. Le tir a longue portee. Le tir de jront. Le tir d'enfilade ou d'echarpe).
Oblique Direct
fire.
fire.
High angle fire. Plunging fire. Curved lire. The four-wheel drive The caterpillar rim
tractor.
(or girdle).
Le tir oblique. Le tir de plein fouet. Le tir a grand angle. Le tir plongeant. Le tir courbe. Le tracteur (a quatre roues matrices a adherence totale}. Les ceintures de roues (cingolis}.
The motor-truck
(or lorry).
Le camion-auto.
Gasoline.
Uessence.
To deliver effective fire on. To incur great risk. To be exposed on one's flank.
Ouurir un feu efficace sur... Courir de grands risques. Eire decouvert sur le flanc.
95
EXERCISE
;i:>.
Translate into French
:
Characteristics of mountain artillery. In country where wheeis impracticable, light guns carried on pack animals are the only substitute for field artillery, but the use of mountain artillery is not restricted to such country. Infantry requires effective support throughout the attack, and as pack animals can go practically anywhere that an infantry soldier can go without using his hands, batteries of mountain artillery are peculiarly suited to work with infantry in difficult country of any kind. Hills, woods, and broken or enclosed country, which might be impassable to wheeled led traffic
artillery present little difficulty to pack animals, and, as cover, which will conceal a man standing upright is sufficient for them also, batteries of mountain artillery will often be able to work their
way forward on a battlefield without attracting attention, where movement of w heeled artillery could not escape detection. r
the
Moreover, the utility of mountain artillery is not confined to supporting the infantry in the various forms an attack may assume, for in the defence of woods, in temporary forward positions occupied by the defence, and in rearguard action, its mobility and easy concealment will often enable it to render valuable service. In short, mountain batteries are capable of being of great value on many occasions when circumstances are unfavourable to the use of wheeled artillery, with which however, they compare unfa144.) vourably in respect of shell pover, (F. A. T., ch. VII,
EXERCISE
56.
Translate into English
:
Grace a la puissance de ses eflets localises, 1'artillerie lourde peut elre utilisee pour agir contre des constructions tres resistantes et difficilement inllammables, contre des ouvrages de fortification. Elle permet de produire a un moment donne, et dans une zone restreinte, rable.
un
eifet
d'ecrasement materiel
et
surtout moral conside-
Grace a son tir courbe, elle est susceptible d'utiliser les masques d'une fac,on plus complete que 1'artillerie de campagne, et surtout d'atteindre des espaces qui seraient en angle mort pour celle-ci. Pour la destruction des buts vivants non en angle mort ou des
-
96
-
obstacles habituels, elle est d'un rendement inferieur a celui de
de campagne qui emploie des projectiles plus petits mais plus nom]>reux et mis en ceuvre bien plus rapidement. (Titre V, 1'artillerie
ch.
1,
art. II,
18.)
EXERCISE What heavy
57.
are the characteristics of field guns, field howitzers and
artillery, respectively?
CHAPTER
Employment
97
CHAPITRE
II.
Emploi de
of artillery.
Defilement.
Concealment.
To move
in
column
II.
1'artillerie.
of route
on a
Marcher en colonne sur
line
route.
road.
To court disaster. To move deployed.
Aller au-deuant cTun desastre. Marcher en formation de-
To be on tlie look-out. To be under fire. To be subjected to hostile
Eire aux aguets. Eire sous le feu. Eire soumis an feu de nemi.
ployee.
fire.
Ven-
Judicious utilization of forces.
Utilisation judicieuse des forces-
In position of readiness. * To remain in observation.
En
A contemplated operation. An encounter with the enemy. To decide on something. that can be conve-
The frontage
niently covered. The extent of the objective
To keep a reserve of fire power in hand to meet the requirements that may arise. To obtain results commensurate with...
To allot the tasks. To be in a position to deal
with...
Unforeseen contingencies. To withdraw a battery from action.
position d'attente.
Rester en surveillance, line, operation en vue. line rencontre avec Cennemi. Decider de quelque chose.
Le front qui peut etre ment battu. U et endue de iobjectif.
aisc-
Tenir en reserve des batteries
pour faire face aux evenements. Obtenir des resultats en rapport avec... Repartir les missions. Etre en etat de s'occuper de... Les cas imprevus. Retirer line batterie
-
98
-
Protection (or security).
The The The The The The The The
On
Securite.
advanced guard.
L avant-garde.
bulk.
Le gros de
rearguard.
Uarn'ere- garde.
Hank-guard.
La
sentries.
Les scntinelles.
piquet.
support.
Le petit poste. La grand'garde.
outposts.
Les avant-postes.
1
la
colonne,
flanc-garde.
En marche. En station.
the march.
Stationary.
To rely on one's own
Compter sur
patrols.
ses propres pa-
tro nilles.
To avoid delay. To absolve from all care. The lire of the guns can be brought
to
bear on that zone
in case of need.
To consult with the commander of the escort.
Gagner du temps. Dispenser de tout soin. Le feu des canons peut etrc dirige sur cette zone en cas de besoin. S'entendre auec le dant de Vescorte.
Intercommunications.
The
of
receipt
Liaisons.
infor-
timely
comman-
La
reception
des
renseigne-
ments en temps voulu.
mation. In open country. In close for intricate, or broken)
En En
terrain decouvert. terrain convert.
country.
The mounted orderly. To keep in touch with. To maintain direct communica.
tion with.
.
.
L' agent de liaison a cheval.
Reslcr en liaison avec...
Avoir
Line
liaison
directe
avec...
.
To open communication with. To trust entirely to this means. .
.
Etablir une liaison avec...
S'en tenir a ce moyen.
-
99
-
To supplement a method.
Doubler (renforcer] une
me-
To disclose a position. To obtain valuable clues.
Devoiler une position. Obtenir de precieux rensei-
To report. With a view to. To make sure that. To take steps to. Advanced observation
Rendre compte.
thode.
gnements.
A
.
.
.
.
.
.
post.
That responsibility rests with him. Artillery in attack.
Veffet de...
S'assurer que... Prendre des mesures pour... Poste d'observation avance. Cttte
responsabilite
lui
in-
combe. dans
L'artillerie
('offensive.
The counter-battery.
La
To locate. To be in strength. To hold the ground gained.
Reperer. Eire en force. Maintenir (garder] le terrain conquis. Repousser une attaque.
To repel an attack. To break up the lines. To subdue the fire of
Enfoncer hostile
batteries.
The look out men's
contre-batterie.
reports.
les lignes.
Faire taire mies.
les batteries
enne-
Les comptes rendus des observateurs.
To impede the advance. To husband ammunition. To close with the enemy. ..
.suitable to defence.
To gain ground. To increase the range. To exhaust the enemy's power.
Artillery in defence.
The offensive stroke. The intricacies of the ground.
Empecher Vavance. Economiser les munitions. Venir au contact de Vennemi. ...favorable a la defense.
Progresser.
Allonger le tir. Epuiser Vennemi.
L'artillerie
dans
la defensive.
Le retour offensif. Les difficultes du terrain.
The counter-attack. The retirement. The retreat.
To recapture
100
La
contre-attaquc.
Le La
repli.
j
|
a lost locality.
retraite.
Reprendre
unc
localite
per-
due.
To To To To To
take part in. move by rushes.
Prendre part a... Avancer par bonds.
keep glued to the ground. keep a careful watch for. launch a counter-attack.
Rester colle an
.
.
sol.
Veiller
soigneusement a... Declancher line contre-attaquc.
To debouch.
Deboucher.
EXERCISE
58.
Translate into French
:
The advanced guard aflords protection to the main body and obtains information; either function may compel it to light. When the enemy is encountered, and offensive action is intended, the advanced guard should drive back the enemy's advanced troops till the dispositions of his main body are disclosed, after which the advanced guard will usually be compelled to limit its action to holding the ground gained until the commander has formed his plan and deployed his force. It follows that the action of the advanced guard may alternate between the offensive and the defensive. The action of the artillery must conform. The commander of the artillery of the advanced guard will accompany the advanced guard commander on the march, so that he may receive early instructions as to his action. The artillery will be allotted positions that will enable it to co-operate with the rest of the advanced guard in carrying out the plan of action that the advanced guard commander may decide to adopt. The occupation of concealed positions, a wide dispersion of the arailable guns and a liberal expenditure of ammunition will then assist to deceive the enemy as to the strength of the force opposed to him, and may so contribute materially to the success of the operation. (F. A. T.,ch. VII, 154.)
101
KXERCISE
;>9.
Translate into English
:
L'artilleric agit sur 1'ennemi par ses eflets de destruction. Mais les eflels de destruction, toujours a rechercher si cette recherche ne doit pas entrainer line depense exageree de munitions, seront
souvent difficiles a obtenir parce que I'ennemi s'edorcera d'y echapper par des precautions et par la cessation momentanee, plus ou moins complete, de son activite. Cette cessation ou diminution d'activite imposee a i'ennemi constitue la neutralisation. Des elTets de neutralisation, produits a propos par 1'envoi d'un nombre relativement faible de projectiles, peuvent suffire dans
certains cas, mais
demoralisation que
its
sont loin de donner les
les ellets
de destruction, et
memes ils
resultats de ne sont que tem-
poraires.
donne encore, en surcroit, pat le bruit apprecie et de sa voix et par la vue des obus frappant 1'adversaire, 1'appui moral dont 1'infanterie amie a besoin pour souteair son impulsion en avant ou sa resistance sur place. Enfin, comme tout combattant qui s'ajoute a d'autres, chaque canon nouveau produira un effet de diversion qui forcera 1'ennemi a diviser son attention et L'artillerie
significatif
ses coups. (Titre V, ch.
II, art. I,
21.)
EXERCISE What
60.
are the functions of light Meld artillery in
warfare? Its employment in the various phases Kinds of lire it has to deliver, etc.
modern position
of the
combat. -
CHAPTER Artillery on the
102
CHAPITRE
III.
battlefield.
Reconnaissance.
The battalion orienting officer, The reconnoitring party.
III.
L'artillerie sur le bataille.
champ de
Reconnaissance.
U off icier orient eur. Le detachement de reconnaissance.
The The The The The The The
telephone detachment.
Uequipe telephonique.
scouts.
Les eclair eur s.
horseholder.
sketch.
Le garde-chevaux (le planton}. La patrouille. La voiture-observatoire. Le croquis.
route-marker.
Le falonneur.
patrol.
observation-wagon.
To reconnoitre. To detail an officer.
Reconnaitre.
Detacher (ou designer] un
of-
f icier.
To carry out a reconnaissance. To take ranges. The trajectory clears the crest. To make a sketch. To letter a point.
Faire une reconnaissance. Telemetrer.
La
trajectoire passe
par-des-
sus la crete. Faire un croquis.
Designer un voint var une
let-
ire.
Jalonnement.
Leading.
The ground-scouts. The approach-march.
To lead the column. To lead up the battery. To move by a certain route.
Les eclair eur s de terrain.
La marche d'approche.
Guider
Amener
la la
colonne. batterie.
Prendre un certain
ilineraire.
To To To To To
mark make
103
Jalonner Vitineraire, Faire un detour. Assurer le defilement.
the route. a detour.
ensure concealment.
Risquer d'etre vu. Passer une crete qui
risk detection.
move over
-
a sky-line.
che sur
To take advantage
of
Profiler de
certain
conditions.
To To To To To To
Avoir to
for a point.
give warning of prepare for action.
Embouteiller une route.
a road.
Occupation de
Occupation of the position.
A
de
Separer Vechelon.
liring battery lirsl-line wagons.
The reference
Vceil a...
Prendre les dispositions combat.
To separate the To block
condi-
certaines
S'exposer aux vues. Eire hors de vue de... Se diriger sur un point. Avertir de...
view.
be out of sight of
from the
se deta-
del.
tions.
keep an eye on. expose one's self
make
le
point.
site for a battery.
\
la
position.
Le point de repere. Un emplacement de
batterie.
C To point out the position. To check the pace (or gait). To deaden the noise of wheels and jingling of harness.
To To To To To To To To
Indiquer
Moderer Amortir
le bruit des roues el cliquetis des chaines (des harnais). le
Mettre pied a terre. Hester en arriere. Faire demi-tour.
dismount. drop back. reverse.
unhook the teams. man-handle a gun. commit a battery to action. watch an area. send word of one's intention
Deleter.
Manceuvrer une piece a bras. Engager une batterie. Surveiller une zone. Avertir quelqu'un de son
L execution 1
response
to
superior
orders.
To depart from one's task.
in-
tention.
to.
Ready
la position. V allure.
allotted
immediate des ot~ dres superieurs. S'ecarter de sa mission.
;
_ Change
104
-
of position.
Changement de
To order the limbers up.
Faire amener
In position of assembly.
En
position
position.
les avani-trains.
de
rassemble-
merit.
To contemplate a retirement. To keep some rounds in reserve.
Enuisager un repli. Garder quelques coups en
re-
serve.
On the move. The caisson will catch up.
Replacement of casualties.
The coal-box (or crump). The casualty.
En mouvement. Le caisson rejoindra.
Remplacement du personnel et du materiel.
La
<
marmite
.
L'accident (survenu soit dans le personnel, soit an materiel).
The casualties. The casualty to the personnel. The casualty
to the
equipment
The dressing-station. The first-aid medical outtit. The men killed in action. The field ambulance. The clearing-station The wounded. The dead. The missing men. The stretcher. The stretcher-bearer. The surgeon.
Thebattery-commander becomes a casually.
Les pertes. L'accident suruenu dans le personnel. L'accidenl (ou deterioration]
an materiel. Le poste de secours. Le paquet de pansement. Les hommes tues au combat. L'ambulance. 1
L'hopital
a" evacuation.
Les blesses. Les marts. Les disparus. Le brancard. Le brancardier. Le chirurgien.
Le
commandant de
disparait.
batterie
That man
is
To make
ijood
reported missing. in
losses
the
to the
les
Remplacer
comme
hornmes man-
quants de la batteric. Un accident survient au ca-
battery.
A casualty occurs
Get homme est signale disparu.
gun.
non.
To make good the damage from the wagon.
la
Reparer gee en
parlie
la
endomma-
prelevant sur
le
caisson.
The caisson
wagon)
(or
was
ignited by a hostile projectile.
The wagon
blown up.
is
Supply from ammunitioncolumns.
The
Le caisson a ete incendie par un projectile ennemi. Le caisson saute.
Ravitaillement en munitions.
dillerent types of ordnance.
Les differents genres de bouches a feu.
The unexpended rounds. The ammunition column. The refilling point. The ammunition dump.
Les munitions non employees. La section de munitions.
The captain
Le capitaine est responsable du ravitaillement en muni-
is
maintaining
ammunition
Le centre de ravitaillement. Le depot de munitions.
responsible for the supply of in the firing-
tions de la batterie de
tir.
battery.
The teams hook
into the
empty
Les attelages attellent sons
wagons.
The
issues
made by
the column.
les cais-
vicles.
Les distributions faites par
li
section.
To push up the ammunition the lighting-troops.
to
Pousser qu'aux
munitions fustroupes combattan-
les
tes. ..
to
within reach
of...
...
EXERCISE
jusqiCa proximite 61.
Translate into French
The is to
de...
:
a position under cover reconnaissance, be occupied, should be the selection and occupation of the first
object of the
if
106 observing-station, the concealment of which from the enemy is of great importance. The battery-commander must then decide on the approximate position of the guns, ascertain that the trajectory will clear the crest, settle how the position is to be occupied and mark the line of fire, unless he delegates this duty to the section commander, who may have accompanied him. He must also decide whether he will use his observation-wagon or not, and must give orders as to the placing of the wagon, with a view to its concealment, as far as possible, from all portions of the enemy's position. In estimating the amount of cover that will be necessary, regard must be paid to the general tactical situation. Defilade from the immediate objective is not sufficient. All ground in occupation of the enemy from which fire may be observed and controlled should receive consideration. (F. A. T., ch. IX, 192.)
EXERCISE
62.
Translate into English
:
Toute troupe dont le chef se porteen avant doit pouvoir le suivre sans hesitation.. Dans ce but, lorsque le commandant d'une fraction quelconque d'arlillerie part en reconnaissance, il indique a rollicier qui le remplace la vitesse de marche et lui donne tous les renseignements qu'il possede sur la direction initiale qu'il compte suivre, ainsi que sur la distance du point oil il compte se porter. Si cette distance n'est pas Ires srande et si le pays n'est ni trop coupe ni trop boise, il suffira generalement que 1'officier reste en tete de la troupe fasse filer celui qui s'eloigne au moyen de quelques cavaliers alertes et sachant bien ce qu'on leur demande, pris dans sa troupe, et qu'il lancera successivement sur la piste. Si la distance est grande, le pays coupe ou boise, 1'officier qui part previent qu'il fait jalonner. Le chef des eclaireurs qu'il emmene laisse successivement des jalonneurs pour guider la troupe sur les parties du chemin ou il peut y avoir doute sur 1'itineraire a suivre. II prend les dispositions qu'il juge les meilleures pour assurer le jalonnement eii economisant, autant que possible, le personnel sous ses ordres. (Titre V, ch. Ill, art. IV, 73.)
EXERCISE
63.
Examine the successive operations carried out by a battery-commander when going to reconnoitre a position for his battery.
CHAPTER
107
CHAPITRE
IV.
Movements and
Mouvements de troupes
quarters.
et
cantonnements.
Marches.
Les marches.
La La Le La La
The column of route. The halt. The cross-roads. The night-march. The forced march. The day's march.
march
colonne de route. halte.
carre four.
marche de nuit. marche forcee.
L'etape (distance}.
Cross-roads should be
To At To To
IV.
left clear.
off.
//
faut degager les carrefours. Se mettre en marche.
a walk.
Au
bring up the rear.
Fermer Donner
feed the horses.
pas. la
marche.
a
manger aux
che-
vaux.
Leur donner
To water them. To close up.
Serrer (sur
a boire.
la
voiture qui pre-
cede}.
The opening out To go astray.
Transport by
of a
rail
column.
S'egarer.
and water.
The railway carriage
(or
com-
partment). The horse (or cattle) truck.
The wagon-truck. The engine. The pair of wheels. The bufler.
L'allongement d'une colonne.
Transports en chemin de fer et en bateau.
Le wagon (pour
les
Le wagon (pour Le wagon (pour
les
chevaux}.
le
materiel}.
La machine. L'essieu
fictif.
Le tampon.
hommes}.
The The The The The The The The The The The
rail.
La rampe mobile. Le quai. Le longeron.
sleeper.
La
traverse.
surcingle.
Le
surfaix.
entraining station. detraining station.
La gare d'embarquement. La gare de debarquement. La sentinelle. Le tunnel.
portable ramp. platform.
sentry. tunnel.
viaduct.
hridge (or overhead-crossing).
The The The The The The The The The The The The
108
level-crossing.
subway-crossing.
embankment. excavated line. switches. track (or line). junction.
armoured
train.
compartment. rack. station master.
railway
transport
officer
Le viaduc. Le passage superieur
(pont)
Le passage a niveau. Le passage souterrain. Le remblai. Le deblai. Les aiguilles. Le voie. L'embranchement. Le train blinde. Le compartiment. Le filet. Le chef de gare. Le commissaire militaire.
(R. T. 0.)
The motor-lorry.
Le camion automobile.
The ship. The harbour. The quay (or wharf) The gangway. The boat. The deck. The main deck. The lower deck. Between the decks. The bow. The sler.i.
Le uaisseau. Le port. Le quai.
La pass ere lie. Uembarcation
(le
Le pont. Le pont superieur. Le pont inferieur. Uentrepont. Vavant. Uarriere.
canot).
J09
The The The The The
fore-deck.
quarter-deck. crane.
winch. block.
To entrain (by rail). To embark (by water). To detrain (by rail). to disembark (by water). To make fast. To lash the wagons (on truck).
Billets,
Le Le La Le La
Technical vocabulary.
gaillard d'arriere.
grue. treuil.
poulie.
Embarquer. Debarquer.
Amarrer. Attacher les voitures (ensemble et au truck}.
Cantonnements, bivouacs et camps.
bivouacs and camps.
The halting-place. The billets. The billeting area. The billeting party. The quartermaster-sergeant. The billeting order. The rendez-vous. The gun-park. The guard-room. The sick inspection room. The rough plan. The bivouac. The kitchen. The latrines. The camp. The camping-ground. The lent. The tent-canvas. The peg. The ten l- pole. The tent-trench.
gaillard d'avant.
Uetape (le lieu}. Le cantonnement. La zone de cantonnement. Le campement. Le fourrier. Le billet de logement. Le point de rassemblement. Le pare. Le poste de police. La salle de visite. Le croquis. Le bivouac. La cuisine. Les feuillees. Le camp.
U emplacement La La
d'un camp.
tente.
toile de Le piquet.
Le mat. La rigole.
tente.
-
110
To To To To To To To
be billeted on Mr. X.
Eire loge chez M. X. Reconnaitre les logements. Attribuer une zone,
inspect the billets. allot a zone.
camp
(or
Camper. Tracer un camp. Dresser sa tente. Lever le camp.
encamp).
lay ont a camp. pitch one's tent.
break up the camp.
Supply and requisitions.
Ravitaillement et requisitions.
Parks and convoys. The supply-column.
Les pares et convois. Le convoi administratif.
The supply-train. The iron-rations. The train-supplies.
Le train regimentaire. Les vivres de reserve. Les vivres du train regimen-
The The The The The
La
taire.
requisition.
requisition.
L'ordre de requisition. Uachat de gre a gre. La fixation des indemnites. La commission des requisi-
requisition order. purchase by contract.
assessment of claims. claims commission.
tions.
La gare de ravitaillement. La gare regulatrice.
The refilling station. The regulating station.
EXERCISE
64.
Translate into French
The entrainment and detrainment as follows
of
:
horses will be carried out
:
The floors wood, be
trucks used for the conveyance of horses should, if inches thick. Cinders, sand or gravel should be sprinkled on them to prevent the horses slipping; on no account should shaw or any inflammable material be used for this
of
of
at least 1 1/2
purpose.
A man
leading a horse into a truck should walk freely in with
Ill
though leading it into a stall. He should not stare in the animal's face. Much time may be lost in dealing timorously with a jibbing horse, two men should be ready to clasp hands above its hocks and hustle it into the truck. If possible, on long journeys, horses should be taken out of a train at least once every 24 hours, walked about, and allowed to roll on sand or grass. (F. A. T., ch. XIII, 252.) a loose head-rope, as
EXERCISE
65.
Translate into English
:
Dans chaque localite, on peut Preparation du cantonnement. la superficie couverle; toutefois, les habitants ne sont jamais deloges de la chambre et du lit dans lesquels ils ont Thabitude de coucher. En arrivant dans la localite, le campement se rend directement a la mairie. L'officier qui le commande fait, de concert avec le maire, et en consultant les plans de la localite, une repartition rapide de utiliser toute
la commune entre les diflerents corps; il indique an commandant du campemenl de chaque corps ou service le quartier qui lui est assigne. II communique, s'il y a lieu, a la municipalite, les ordres concernant les requisitions et ceux relatifs a la nourriture de la troupe par 1'habitant. II s'informe du prix des denrees et le fixe de concert avec les autorites locales. II fait executer, par les homines dont il dispose ou par les habitants, les travaux necessaires pour amena-
ger les abreuvoirs et les lavoirs.
Le commandant du campement de 1'artillerie fixe 1'emplacement du pare et de la garde de police; il divise le quartier en parties proportionnelles a 1'eflectif des unites qui doivent y cantonner, et affecte autant que possible, a chacune d'elles, les deux cotes d'une rue. (litre VII, ch. Ill, art. II, 33.)
EXERCISE What
66.
precautions should be take"n to ensure the regularity of a the preservation of materiel and horses?
march and
APPENDIX
112
APPEiNDICE
I.
Clothes and kit.
Lea vetements
The head-gear.
La
et
I.
Pequipement.
coiffure.
The iield-cap. The cap (or kepi). The forage cap.
Le bonnet de police. Le kepi. La casquette plate (armee an-
The
Le
glaise}.
hat.
chapeau
(armee
ameri-
caine}.
The hat-cord. The chin-strap. The havelock. The helmet.
The The The The The The The The The
La cordeliere. La jugulaire. Le couvre-nuqae. Le casque. Les chaussures.
foot-gear.
ammunition -boots. top-boots (or riding boots). gaiters.
leggings. puttees.
spurs.
spur -straps. Jackson spurs.
Les Les Les Les Les Les Les Les
brodeqnins. bottes.
guetres.
fambieres.
bandes molletieres. cperons. brides d'eperons. eperons a la cheualiere.
The uniform. The service dress
jacket.
L'uniforme.
La
vareus-e
(tenue de campa-
gne}.
The The The The The The The The
waterproof.
La La La Le La Le Le
slicker.
L' impermeable (Amer.}.
tunic.
shoulder-strap. breeches. cloak.
round cape overcoat.
(of cloak).
tunique. patte d'epaule. culotte.
manteau. rotonde (du manteau}. pardessus (ou capote}. caoutchouc.
113
The undergarnents.
The
Les sous-vetements.
La chemise.
The shirt. The drawers. The sweater. The socks.
Les calecons.
Le
maillot.
Les chaussettes. L'equipement.
kit.
The haversac. The knapsack. The belt. Sam Browne belt. The blanket. The canteen (or mess-tin). To cooking-pot. The water-bottle. The tin-cup. The cartridge-pouch. The soldier's book. The identity disc.
La musette. Le sac. Le ceinturon.
La La La La Le Le La Le La
ceinture d'officier.
couverture. gamelle.
marmite. bidon. quart. cartouchiere. livret indiuiduel.
plaque d'identitc.
114
APPENDIX
The badges
APPENDIGE
II.
of rank.
I.
BRITISH ARMY. )
Field-marshal.
II.
Les insignes des grades,
Officers.
Crossed batons inside a laurel-
wreath
I
(1).
General
Crossed baton and sword with a
Lieutenant-general.
Crossed baton and sword with a
-Major-general
Crossed baton and sword with a
crown and crown
star at the lop.
at the lop.
star at the top.
Brigadier-general. Colonel
Crossed baton and sword. A crown above two stars. A crown above one star. A crown. Three stars.
.
Lieutenant-colonel.
Major Captain First lieutenant...
Second lieutenant
.
.
fe)
Two
stars.
One
star.
Non-commissioned
officers.
Sergeant
A crown at bottom of sleeve. Four stripes at bottom of sleeve. Three stripes, V. shaped, and a crown at top of sleeve. Three stripes, V. shaped, at top
Corporal
Two
Lance-corporal...
One
Sergeant-major Quartermaster-sergeant Colour-sergeant
of sleeve.
(1)
stripe, V. shaped, at top of sleeve.
Those distinguishing marks are placed on the shouldersometimes also at the bottom of the sleeves.
Nota.
straps,
stripes, V. shaped, at top of sleeve.
- M
UNITED STATES ARMY.
II.
a)
General officers Superior and subaltern
Troops
;>
Hat-cord.
Gold. officers.
Black and gold.
(1>.
Blue.
Infantry
Cavalry
Yellow.
Artillery
Scarlet.
Medical corps
Maroon.
Quartermaster's corps
Buff.
Ordnance
Black piped with scarlet. Orange piped with white.
Signal corps
Scarlet piped with white. Black piped with white.
Engineers
Army
tield-clerks
Shoulder-straps.
Two
General Lieutenant-general
silver stars with an eagle.
Three silver
.
Two
Major-general Brigadier-general.
One
.
silver star.
A
Colonel.
silver eagle. One silver maple leaf.
Lieutenant-colonel..
One gold maple lea!. Two silver bars. One silver bar.
Major Captain First lieutenant.
.
.
Second lieutenant..
.
Nothing
.
c)
(2).
Stripes (on sleeves).
Officers.
For
all officer's
stripe,
The colour
(1)
man
(2)
of the hat-cord reveals the
ranks, a single as the
same colour
garment,
the
stars.
silver stars.
at
bottom
of sleeve.
branch of the army
in
which
serves.
One gold bar now, according
to a
new enactment
of congress.
Non-commissioned
116
officers.
First sergeant.
A
Sergeant Corporal Lance-corporal
Three chevrons.
Two
officer's
leggings are
chevrons.
One chevron f
d]
An
lozenge surmounted by three chevrons.
Leggings.
of leather,
c)
an enlisted man's
Regular army.
U. S. R...
Reserve.
G. I.
S.
N.
A
A N.
D
Two crossed guns Two crossed rifles A castle Two crossed swords Wheel surmounted by an eagle with crossed sword and key. Grossed flags
Grenade Gaduceus...
canvas.
Collar.
U. S
U.
of
National army. National guard (initials of the states having recruited the army). Artillery.
Infantry.
Engineers. Cavalry. Quartermaster's corps. Signal corps. Army service corps. Medical corps.
APPENDIX
117
APPENDICE
III.
Weights and measures. 1
MEASURES OF LENGTH.
The inch unit) 12 inches (or in.) The foot The yard = 3 feet (or ft.) The fathom = 2 yards The pole 5,5 yards (or yds.) The chain =66 t = 4 poles 40 poles (or p.) The furlong i
=
f
.
The mile
=8
U (
furlongs 1760 yards
ft.
MEASURES OF SURFACE.
The square inch (unit) The square foot 144 sq. in. The square yard = 9 sq. ft. The square pole = 30,25 sq. yds. The rood 40 sq. p. The acre 4 roods = 4840 sq yds. The square mile = 640 acres
= =
3
.
MEASURES OF
cubic inch (unit) cubic foot 1728 cu. in.
4
MEASURES OF CAPACITY.
=
cubic yard 21 cu. 100 cu. ft.
ft.
=
a)
For liquids
The gill The pint = 4 gills The quart = 2 pints
= 2cm ,539 = 30cm ,48 = m ,914
or roughly:
2^,5. O m ,30.
.
0",90.
)>
m
l ,80.
1",82S m 5 ,027
5".
= 20 ,116 = 201 m ,16 m
20'".
iOO". 1.600".
= 1.853-,15 = 4.827,9
1.850-.
5 k '.
MESURES DE SURFACE.
2
= 6cm S
45.
25mfi,29. 1.012 m
=10ares, 12centiares. 40 ares, 50 centiares. 259 hectares, 20 ares. 3
SOLIDITY.
The The The The
ton
mesures.
MESURES DE LONGULUR.
1
=
et
==1.609",31
The nautical mile = 6080 The league = 3 miles 2
Poids
III.
16
n
,
MESURES DE VOLUME.
cffic
,386.
Omc ,028dmc ,315 cm '\ O mc ,765 dlBC 2 mc ,830 dm< % .
4'
MESURES DE CAPACITE.
a)
:
Pour
1
,142.
ies
liquides
:
-
118
The gallon = 4 qts. The peck = 2 gallons The barrel = 32 gallons b)
For grain
4' ,54.
9
,03.
145', 40.
:
a)
290
dram pound stone
14 Ibs. (pounds)
5
MESURES DE
a)
Mesures ordinaires.
POIDS.
28^,35. k ,454'.
=
6 k ,356.
50 k ,800.
Apothecaries
1.016 kilogrammes.
weights.
The grain (gr.) The scruple = 20 grains The drachm = 3 scruples 8 drachms The ounce The pound = 12 ounces 6"
litres.
Ibs.
The tonn=20 cwt. b)
:
l gr ,772.
= 16 drams = 16 oz (ounces)
hundredweight (orcwt.)
112
grain
109 litres.
Ordinary measures.
ounce
le
^,40.
MEASURES OF WEIGHT.
5
Pour
6)
The bushel = 8 gallons The sack - 3 bushels The quarter = 8 bushels
The The The The The
!
0^,0648. 1^,30.
3^,88. 31 k
MEASURES OF MONEY. )
Poids pharmaceutiques.
b)
grammes. ,372.
6"
English system.
MESURES DE MOXKAJE. a)
Copper money.
The farthing The half-penny The penny (d.)
= 2 farthings = 4 farthings
Ir.
025.
fr.
05.
0fr. 10.
Monnaie
Silver money.
The six penny piece = 6 The shilling = 12 d. The florin = 2/ The half-crown 2/6 d. The crown = 5/
Systeme anglais.
Monnaie de bronze.
d.
fr.
60.
1 fr. 25.
2fr. 50. 3
fr.
10.
6
fr.
25.
d' argent.
-
119
Monnaie
Gold money.
The half sovereign The sovereign (worlh
-
10/
=
1)
ij ()
12
= 25
f
francs (livre anglaise).
Bank-notes.
The five pound note = The ten pound note = The fifty pound note = etc.
.,
= 125
10
= 250 francs.
50
b)
1
100
1.000
to
up
de banque.
Billets
3
The hundred pound note =
francs.
230 francs.
= 2.500 francs. etc...
United States system.
d'or.
50.
r.
6)
= 25.000
1.000
,jusqu'a
fr.
Systeme des Etats-Unis.
Monnaie de bronze.
Copper money.
= un son =
One cent
fr.
03
= 1/2 d.
en-
viron.
Two
= deux sous =
cents
Monnaie de
Nickel money.
Five cents
=:cinq
Silver
money.
-0
Ten cents Twenty-five cents Fifty cents
The dollar
($)
=
fr.
= 1 d.
nickel.
= (21/2d.)
sousmO
fr.
Monnaie
d'argent.
50=
fr.
10
25
(3d.).
= 23 (=!/.). = 2fr. 50 (=2/.). = 5 francs (= 1 fr.
one hundred
4/.).
cents
Monnaie
Gold money.
i).
= ten dollars 20 = twenty dollars
$ 10 $
9
= 100
(=
4).
Billets de banque.
Bittf.
$12-510-20-30
d'or.
= 12fr. 50 (-.10/.). = 25 francs (= = 50 francs (= 2).
$ 2.50 $ 5= five dollars
100
= 5 francs, 10 francs, 25
francs, francs, 100 francs, 250 francs, 300 francs.
30
120
7"
VARIOUS SCALES FOR THERMOMETKRS. Echelles diverses des thermomttres.
7
In the centigrade system, the freezing point is and the boiling point 100. In the Fahrenheit system, the freezing point is 32 and the boiling point 212. In the Reaumur system, the freezing point is and the boiling point 80. Therefore, the following formula? allow us to pass from one scale to another let C, F, R, represent the temperature in degrees in the centigrade, Fahrenheit and Reaumur systems respectively. :
We
have
:
C being known
'
R
=r
:
c.
o
r
F being known
^
^c
_ 4 (F
32)
=5-
R being known
-F^lRo-3*.
APPENDIX
Terms used
The The The The The The The The The The The
.
.
APPENDICE
IV.
in sciences.
IV.
Terminologie des sciences.
Les Les Les Les Les Les Les
units. tens.
hundreds. thousands. tenths.
hundredths. thousandths. 1" (first).
unites.
dizaines.
centaines.
mi lie. dixiemes.
centiemes. milliemes.
Le 1^. Le 2e Le 3. Le 4*. Le 72 e
2 nd (second). 3 r(I- (third).
.
4 th (fourth).
TheW .
131
.
.
1 (point one).
0,1 (zero
virgule un}. 0,31 (zero virgule trente et un).
31 (point three one). 432 (point four three two).
0,432 (zero virgule quatre cent trente-deux).
3'2 (three point two).
3,2 (trois virgule deux).
=
70 (fifty plus twenty equals seventy).
Cinquante plus vingt egalent
50 (seventy minus " twenty equals fifty). (two multiplied hy three equals six). Twice six are twelve.
Soixante-dix moins vingt egalent cinquante.
594-20
20
70
=
2X36 6:2 =
3 (six divided by two
equals three). .
=
33
twenty -seven). 35
=243
power equals two hundred and forty
three).
Deux
fois six font douze.
Six divises par deux egalent Trois au carre egalent neuf. Trois au cube egalent vingt-
Trois eleves a la cinquieme puissance egalent deux cent quarante-trois.
three). 3" (three to the \-iJ
multiplies par trois ega-
lent six.
sept.
(three to the fifth
u th power). 3 (square root of nine
Deux
trois.
9 (three square equals n in e) 27 (three cube equals
32
soixante-dix.
is
Trois puissances n. La racine carree de neuf est trois.
=
v/27
3 (cubic root of twenty-
seven
_=3
5
La ratine cubique de
v/243
(fifth
vingt-
sept est trois.
is three).
root of two hun-
dred and forty three
is
La ratine cinquieme de deux cent quarante-trois est trois.
three).
n
Ratine n e
Of...)
^ =r 3 (six over two equals three). co (n over nought equals
^
de...
Six sur deux egalent
trois.
n sur zero egale Vinfini.
infinity).
= ~^
h
over two 2
an a
equals
(h
,
square
V
carre sur deux g.
0).
(a two).
a indice
(a w.).
a indice n.
+
[(b
-
c) (d
+
(f
-
a plus, between brackets
0). :
b
minus
c between parenthesis, multiplied by d plus
S
h egale
= r.
a' (a
K
R
R2
[S equals
T:
Rtwo
(or
2.
a p/us, entre crochets:}) centre parentheses, multiplie
par
(d
+ e)(f-g)...
(Sans changement. S= T: R2 (deux ou au carre).
square)]. a prime.
prime).
a" (a second),
etc.
a seconde,
etc...
x Arithmetic.
The The The The
arithmetical mean.
geometrical mean.
even number. odd number.
Ratios and proportions.
L'arithmetique. La moyenne arithmetique.
La moyenne geomelrique. Le nombre pair. Le nombre impair. et
Algebra.
Rapports Ualgebre.
The equation of the first degree. The unknown quantity. The member of an equation.
equation du premier degre. L'inconnue. Le membre d'une equation.
Trigonometry.
La trigonometric. Le sinus.
The sine. The cosine.
proportions.
L
1
Le cosinus.
The tangent. The cotangent. Mechanics.
Dynamics. Cinematics.
The force. The component. The resultant. Physics. Gravity. Heat.
La La La La La La La La La La La
tangente.
cotangente.
mecanique. dynamique. cinematique. force.
composante. rdsultante.
physique. pesanteur. chaleur.
Optics. Acoustics.
L'optique.
Electricity.
Uelectricite.
Chemistry. Geometry.
La chimie. La geometric.
The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The The
L'angle.
angle. bissextrix. triangle.
right angle.
acute angle. obtuse angle. right-angled triangle. height.
median line. measure of an angle. apex of an angle. apex angle. circle.
circumference. radius.
inscribed polygon.
To prove. To state. To solve. To add.
Uaconstique.
La Le
bissectrice. triangle. droit.
U angle
Uangle aigu. Uangle obtus. Le triangle rectangle. La hauteur. La mediane. La mesure d'un angle. Le sommet d'un angle. Uangle au sommet. Le cercle. La circonference. Le rayon (da cercle}. Le polygone inscrit.
Demontrer. Poser, affirmer.
Resoudre. Additionner.
124
To To To To To To
subtract.
Soustraire
multiply. divide.
Multiplier. Diviser.
reduce.
Reduire.
simplify. do a sum.
Simplifier.
Faire un problems d'arithme tique.
To carry (a tigure). To put down (a figure).
Two from five leaves Let R be the range.
three.
Retenir (un chiffre}.
Poser (un
Deux Soit
chiffre}.
dtes de cinq reste trois.
R
la
portee.
APPENDIX
125
APPENDIGE
V.
Abbreviations used in artillery regulations.
Art
Artillery.
A. and S.
Ammunition and
A. S. C...
Army
Bait
Battery.
B.
G
L
B.
M
store.
service corps.
Battery commander.
Bde. comdr. B.
V.
Abreviations employees dans les reglements d'artillerie.
Brigade commander. Breech-loading (gun). Brigade major.
Bn
Battalion.
B.
Brigade order.
Brig. gen...
Brigadier-general.
C. C. D..
Commander Commander
C. in. G.
of coast defence.
in chief.
C. G. S..
Chief of the general staff in the
Gol
Colonel.
Coin
Column.
C.
Commanding
Cpl C. B.
Corporal.
field.
C. S.
A andT.
Commanding 0.
Chief
officer.
royal artillery.
supply
and
transport
officer.
Detachment.
Del
Department.
Dep't Divl.
comdr.
D.
Divisional
commander.
Divisional order.
D. B.
T
D. S
Director of railway transport. Director of supplies.
D. S. T...
Director of sea transport.
F.
Amb Technical vocabulary.
Field ambulance.
1
F.
G
il
RAMG
...
128
APPENDIX
An
VI.
alphabetical list of irregular verbs.
Infinilhe.
APPENDICE
VI.
Liste alphabetique des
verbes irreguliers.
imiuilivp.
Meaning.
Infinitive.
130
131
Infinitive.
-
132
Infinitive.
Infinitive.
133
-
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE
STAMPED BELOW
AN INITIAL FINE OF
25
CENTS
WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE.
394526
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY
Llbrairie Miiitaire PARIS,
124,
CHARLES-LAVAUZELLE
Boulevard Saint-Germain
Commandant ASS >LLANT. francais. Volume in-8 de Commandant ASSOLLANT.
62,
(tfe)
Avenue Baudin,
LIMOGES
Vocabulaire militaire anglais2
82 pages, cartonn6
Versions anglalses
tirees de textes militaires, avec la traduction et des notes explicatives et gramma3 ticalcs. Volume in-8 de 88 pages, cartonn
Lieutenant ALBERT MICHEL. De 1'etude des langues. 192 pages, 5 avec 16 tableaux et 9 cartes, broche
Commandant
G.
RICHERT, professeur d'allcmand
de guerre. Canevas mand. 408 pages, relie
a 1'Ecole
superieure alle-
etymologique du vocabulalre
5
MICHEL KANNER, professeur aux lycees Louis le-0 rand et CharlemaGuide militaire et vocabulaire pratique francogne. russe, avec la prononciation russe figuree par des sons francais, a 1'usage des arinees de terre et de
mer
et
de
304 pages, relie toile
la
jeunesse des ecoles. 2 50
BIRMANN, professeur a 1'Ecole superieure de guerre, a 1'Ecole Dictlonnaire des polytechnique et au Cercle militaire de Paris. sciences militaires, a 1'usage des officiers de loules armes (Alle6 mand- Francais). 300 pages, relie toile
H.-A.
,
BIRMANN,
professeur a 1'Ecole superieure de guerre, a 1'Ecole Dictionnalre des puiy technique et au Cercle militaire de Paris. sciences militaires, a Tusage des officiers de toutes armes (Fran6 cais - Allemand). 274 pages, relie toile
II. -A.
Recueil des documents inseres au Bulletin officiel et concernant specialement la periode des hostllites, du 2 aodt 1914 au 30 juin 1915. 690 pages, cartonne Du 1" juillet au 31 decembre 1915. 490 pages Du l er Janvier au 30 juin 191G. 600 pages, cartonne Du l*r juillet au 31 decembre 1916. 904 pages Du 1" Janvier au 30 juin 1917. 888 pages Supplement des annees 1914, 1915, 1916. 234 pages..
5 4 4 6 6 2
50 50 50 50
La guerre de 1914-1915 De Li^ge a la DAUZET. Marne, avec une preface de M. G. HANOTAUX, de 1'Academie fran-
PIERRE
:
avec un croquis dans le texte et une carte en couleurs (56X^6) du theatre des operations et de la situation successive 2 50 des armees (15- Edition.) caise. 124 pages,
PIERRE DAUZET.
La
bataille des Flandres
(16
oct.-15nov. 1914).
Preliminaires. Le but et les moyens. La bataille de TYser et la bataille d'Ypres. 132 pages, avec une carte en couleurs et deux 2 50 croquis
Agenda de 1'armee francaise pour 1918
(31" annee). Elegant carnet de poche de 550 pages, fermoir en caoutchouc, couverturje 2 toile 2 50 Couverture capitonnee, echelle et tete dorees
MAJORATION TEMPORAIRE 2O du
5
o/
.
Decision du Syndicat des Editeurs,
d6*embre 1917 (Section Sciences M
militaire).
