Elementary Statistics a Step by Step Approach 9th Edition Bluman Solutions Manual

Full file at https://testbankuniv.eu/Elem https://testbankuniv.eu/Elementary-Statistic entary-Statistics-A-Step-by-Step-A s-A-Step-by-Step-Approach-9th-Editionpproach-9th-Edition-Bluman-SolutionsBluman-Solutions-Manual Manual

Chapter 2 - Frequency Distributions and Graphs EXERCISE SET 2-1

12. Class width is not uniform.

1. Frequency distributions distributions are used to organize data in a meaningful way, to determine the shape of the distribution, to facilitate facilitate computational computational procedures for statistics, statistics, to make it easier to draw charts and graphs, and to make comparisons among different sets of data.

13.

2. Categorical distributions distributions are used with with nominal or ordinal data, ungrouped distributions are used with data having a small range, and grouped distributions are used when the range of the data is large.

Class

f

Percent

F C B A

19 14 10 7 50

38 28 20 14 100

The class with the most data values is professional football. The class with with the least number of data values is auto racing. 14.

3. Five to to twenty twenty classes. classes. Width should should be an odd number so that the midpoint will have the same place value as the data. 4. An open-ended frequency distribution distribution has has either a first class with no lower limit or a last class with with no upper limit. They are necessary to accomodate all the data.

Class

f

Percent

A M H S

4 28 6 2 40

10% 70% 15% 5% 100%

15.

5. Boun Bounda dari ries es:: 42. 42.5 5  47.5 47.5 Midpoint: 45 Width: 5 6. Boun Bounda dari ries es:: 124. 124.5 5  131. 131.5 5 Midpoint: 128 Width: 7 7. Boun Bounda dari ries es:: 8.23 8.235 5  11.3 11.365 65 Midpoint: 9.8 Width: 3.13

Limits

Boundaries

f

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

-0.5 - 0.5 0.5 - 1.5 1.5 - 2.5 2.5 - 3.5 3.5 - 4.5 4.5 - 5.5 5.5 - 6.5 6.5 - 7.5

2 5 24 8 6 4 0 1 50 cf

Less than -0.5 Less than 0.5 Less than 1.5 Less than 2.5 Less than 3.5 Less than 4.5 Less than 5.5 Less than 6.5 Less than 7.5

8. Boun Bounda dari ries es:: 16.2 16.25 5  18.5 18.55 5 Midpoint: 17.4 Width: 2.3 9. Class width is not uniform.

0 2 7 31 39 45 49 49 50

The category "twice a week" has more values than any other category.

10. Class limits overlap, and class width is not uniform. 11. A class has been omitted.

7 Full file at https://testbankuniv.eu/Elem https://testbankuniv.eu/Elementary-Statistic entary-Statistics-A-Step-by-Step-A s-A-Step-by-Step-Approach-9th-Editionpproach-9th-Edition-Bluman-SolutionsBluman-Solutions-Manual Manual


Chapter 2 - Frequency Distributions and Graphs 16.

18. continued

Limits

Boundaries

f

Limits

Boundaries

f

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

2.5 - 3.5 3.5 - 4.5 4.5 - 5.5 5.5 - 6.5 6.5 - 7.5 7.5 - 8.5 8.5 - 9.5

2 4 4 1 4 3 2 20

54 - 62 63 - 71 72 - 80 81 - 89 90 - 98 99 - 107 108 108 - 116 116

53.5 - 62.5 62.5 - 71.5 71.5 - 80.5 80.5 - 89.5 89.5 - 98.5 98.5 - 107.5 107. 107.5 5 - 116. 116.5 5

7 6 8 4 1 3 1 30

cf

Less than 2.5 Less than 3.5 Less than 4.5 Less than 5.5 Less than 6.5 Less than 7.5 Less than 8.5 Less than 9.5

cf

0 2 6 10 11 15 18 20


17. H œ 514 L œ 465 Range œ 514  465 œ 49 Width œ 49 ƒ 6 œ 8.2 ro round up to 9

0 7 13 21 25 26 29 30

19. H œ 70 L œ 27 Range œ 70  27 œ 43 Width œ 43 ƒ 7 œ 6.1 or 7

Limits

Boundaries

f

Limits

Boundaries

f

465 - 473 474 - 482 483 - 491 492 - 500 501 - 509 510 510 - 518 518

464.5 - 473.5 473.5 - 482.5 482.5 - 491.5 491.5 - 500.5 500.5 - 509.5 509. 509.5 5 - 518. 518.5 5

9 7 7 6 7 4 40

27 - 33 34 - 40 41 - 47 48 - 54 55 - 61 62 - 68 69 - 75

26.5 - 33.5 33.5 - 40.5 40.5 - 47.5 47.5 - 54.5 54.5 - 61.5 61.5 - 68.5 68.5 - 75.5

7 14 15 11 3 3 2 55

cf

Less than 464.5 Less than 473.5 Less than 482.5 Less than 491.5 Less than 500.5 Less than 509.5 Less than 518.5

0 9 16 23 29 36 40

cf


18. H œ 110 L œ 54 Range œ 110  54 œ 56 Width œ 56 ƒ 7 œ 8 ro round up to 9

0 7 21 36 47 50 53 55

20. H œ 177,500 L œ 70,000 Range œ 177,500  70,000 œ 107,500 Width œ 107,500 ƒ 6 œ 17,916.67 round up to 17,917



Chapter 2 - Frequency Distributions and Graphs 20. continued

22. continued

Limits

Boundaries

70,000 - 87,916 69,999.5 - 87,916.5 87,917 - 105,833 87,916.5 - 105,833.5 105,83 ,834 - 12 123,750 750 105, 05,833. 33.5 - 12 123,750 750.5 123,75 ,751 - 14 141,667 667 123, 23,750. 50.5 - 14 141,667 667.5 141,66 ,668 - 15 159,584 584 141, 41,667. 67.5 - 15 159,584 584.5 159,585 159,585 - 177,502 177,502 159,584. 159,584.5 5 - 177,502. 177,502.5 5

f

Limits

Boundaries

f

1 3 7 6 5 3 25

0 - 10 11 - 21 22 - 32 33 - 43 44 - 54

-0.5 - 10.5 10.5 - 21.5 21.5 - 32.5 32.5 - 43.5 43.5 - 54.5

7 6 2 0 1 16

cf

Less than -0.5 Less than 10.5 Less than 21.5 Less than 32.5 Less than 43.5 Less than 54.5

cf

Less than 69,999.5 Less than 87,916.5 Less than 105,833.5 Less than 123,750.5 Less than 141,667.5 Less than 159,584.5 Less than 177,502.5

0 1 4 11 17 22 25

23. H œ 123 L œ 77 Range œ 123  77 œ 46 Width œ 46 ƒ 7 œ 6.6 or 7

21. H œ 88 L œ 12 Range œ 88  12 œ 76 Width œ 76 ƒ 9 œ 8.4 ro round up to 9 Limits

Boundaries

f

12 - 20 21 - 29 30 - 38 39 - 47 48 - 56 57 - 65 66 - 74 75 - 83 84 - 92

11.5 - 20.5 20.5 - 29.5 29.5 - 38.5 38.5 - 47.5 47.5 - 56.5 56.5 - 65.5 65.5 - 74.5 74.5 - 83.5 83.5 - 92.5

7 7 3 3 4 3 0 2 1 30

Limits

Boundaries

f

77 - 83 84 - 90 91 - 97 98 - 104 105 - 111 112 - 118 119 119 - 125 125

76.5 - 83.5 83.5- 90.5 90.5- 97.5 97.5- 104.5 104.5 - 111.5 111.5 - 118.5 118. 118.5 5 - 125. 125.5 5

1 1 6 14 8 1 1 32

cf


cf

Less than 11.5 Less than 20.5 Less than 29.5 Less than 38.5 Less than 47.5 Less than 56.5 Less than 65.5 Less than 74.5 Less than 83.5 Less than 92.5

0 7 13 15 15 16

0 7 14 17 20 24 27 27 29 30

0 1 2 8 22 30 31 32

24. H œ 3462 L œ 3 Range œ 3462  3 œ 3459 Width œ 3459 ƒ 9 œ 384.3 round up to 385

22. H œ 51.7 L œ 1.2 Range œ 51.7  1.2 œ 50.5 Width œ 50.5 ƒ 5 œ 10.1 ro r ound up to 11



Chapter 2 - Frequency Distributions and Graphs 24. continued Limits

Boundaries

26. continued Width œ 20.6 ƒ 6 œ 3.43 ro round up to 3.5

f

3 - 387 2.5 - 387.5 388 - 772 387.5 - 772.5 773 - 1157 772.5 - 1157.5 1158 - 1542 1157.5 - 1542.5 1543 - 1923 1542.5 - 1923.5 1924 - 2312 1923.5 - 2312.5 2313 - 2697 2312.5 - 2697.5 2698 - 3082 2697.5 - 3082.5 3083 3083 - 3467 3467 3082 3082.5 .5 - 3467 3467.5 .5

33 11 3 2 0 0 1 0 1 51

Limits

Boundaries

f

17.3 - 20.2 20.3 - 23.2 23.3 - 26.2 26.3 - 29.2 29.3 - 32.2 32.3 - 35.2 35.3 35.3 - 38. 38.2 2

17.25 - 20.25 20.25 - 23.25 23.25 - 26.25 26.25 - 29.25 29.25 - 32.25 32.25 - 35.25 35.2 35.25 5 - 38.2 38.25 5

4 6 18 8 6 7 1 50

cf

cf

Less than 2.5 Less than 387.5 Less than 772.5 Less than 1157.5 Less than 1542.5 Less than 1923.5 Less than 2312.5 Less than 2697.5 Less than 3082.5 Less than 3467.5


0 33 44 47 49 49 49 50 50 51

27. The percents percents add up to 101%. They should total 100% unless rounding was used.

25. H œ 12.3 L œ 6.2 Range œ 12.3  6.2 œ 6.1 Width œ 6.1 ƒ 7 œ 0.87 ro r ound up to 0.9 Limits

Boundaries

f

6.2 - 7.0 7.1 - 7.9 8.0 - 8.8 8.9 - 9.7 9.8 - 10.6 10.7 - 11.5 11.6 11.6 - 12. 12.4 4

6.15 - 7.05 7.05 - 7.95 7.95 - 8.85 8.85 - 9.75 9.75 - 10.65 10.65 - 11.55 11.5 11.55 5 - 12.4 12.45 5

1 7 9 7 8 4 4 40

28. Class

f

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 4 5 7 4 4 3 3 5 5

No. Zero appears only once and 3 appears 7 times.

cf


0 4 10 28 36 42 49 50

0 1 8 17 24 32 36 40

EXERCISE SET 2-2 1. y c n e u q e r f

50 40 30 20 10 0 89.598.5

26. H œ 37.9 L œ 17.3 Range œ 37.9  17.3 œ 20.6

98.5107.5

107.5116.5

116.5125.5

125.5134.5

I.Q.



Chapter 2 - Frequency Distributions and Graphs 1. continued y c n e u q e r f

2. continued

60

20

40

15

20

f 10

0 85

94

103

112

121

130

5

139

0

I.Q.

0.5-25.5 25.5-50.5 50.5-75.5

75.5100.5

100.5125.5

125.5150.5

150.5200.5

200.5225.5

Number of bear s

y 120 c n 100 e u q 80 e r f 60 e v 40 i t a l 20 u m u 0 c

89.5

20 15 98.5

107.5

116.5

125.5

134.5

f 10

I.Q.

5

Eighty applicants do not need to enroll in the summer programs.

0 13

38

63

88

113 138 163 188 213 238

Number of bears

2. Limits

Boundaries

\ 7

f

1 - 25 26 - 50 51 - 75 76 - 100 101 - 125 126 - 150 151 - 175 176 - 200 201 - 225 226 - 250

0.5 - 25.5 25.5 - 50.5 50.5 - 75.5 75.5 - 100.5 100.5 - 125.5 125.5 - 150.5 150.5 - 175.5 175.5 - 200.5 200.5 - 225.5 225.5 - 250.5

13 38 63 88 113 138 163 188 213 238

18 12 7 6 2 3 0 2 0 2 52

60 50 40 cf 30

20 10 0 0.5 0.5 25.5 25.5 50.5 75.5 101 126 126 151 176 201 201 226 251 Numberofbears bears

Thirty-seven Thirty-seven counties had 75 or fewer bears killed.

cf

Less than 0.5 Less than 25.5 Less than 50.5 Less than 75.5 Less than 100.5 Less than 125.5 Less than 150.5 Less than 175.5 Less than 200.5 Less than 225.5 Less than 250.5

3.

0 18 30 37 43 45 48 48 50 50 52

Limits

Boundaries

\ 7

f

3 - 45 46 46 - 88 89 - 131 132 - 174 175 - 217 218 - 260

2.5 - 45.5 45.5 - 88.5 88.5 - 131.5 131.5 - 174.5 174.5 - 217.5 217.5 - 260.5

24 67 110 153 196 239

19 19 10 1 0 1 50

cf


0 19 38 48 49 49 50


225.5250.5



4. continued

20

10 8

15

y c n e u 10 q e r f

6 4 2

5

0

0

69.5-116.5 116.5-163.5 163.5-210.5 21 210.5-257.5 257.5-304.5 -304.5 304.5-351 304.5-351.5 351.5-398.5 2.5-45.5

45.5-88.5

88.5-131.5 88.5-131.5 131.5-174.5 131.5-174.5 174.5-217.5 174.5-217.5 217.5-260.5 217.5-260.5

Number of facult y

Counties, parishes, or divisions

The distribution is positively skewed.

10 8 y c n 6 e u q 4 e r f

20 y 15 c n e u10 q e r 5 f

2 0 93

140

187

234

281

328

375

Number of faculty

0 24

67

110

153

196

239

Counties, parishes, or divisions

y30 c n25 e u q20 e r f e15 v i t a10 l u m 5 u c

60

y c n50 e u q40 e r f 30 e v i t 20 a l u10 m u c 0

0

69.5 69.5

116. 116.5 5

163. 163.5 5

210. 210.5 5

257. 257.5 5

304. 304.5 5

351. 351.5 5

398. 398.5 5

Number of faculty 2.5

45.5

88.5

131.5

174.5

217.5

260.5

Counties, es, parishes, or divisions divisions

"# #)

œ 0.429 or 42.9% have 180 or more.

The histogram and frequency polygon are positively skewed.

4. Limits

Boundaries

\ 7

f

70 - 116 117 - 163 164 - 210 211 - 257 258 - 304 305 - 351 352 - 398

69.5 - 116.5 116.5 - 163.5 163.5 - 210.5 210.5 - 257.5 257.5 - 304.5 304.5 - 351.5 351.5 - 398.5

93 140 187 234 281 328 375

5 9 6 6 0 1 1 28

5.

cf


0 5 14 20 26 26 27 28

Limits

Boundaries

\ 7

f

1 - 43 44 - 86 87 - 129 130 - 172 173 - 215 216 - 258 259 - 301 302 - 344

0.5 - 43.5 43.5 - 86.5 86.5 - 129.5 129.5 - 172.5 172.5 - 215.5 215.5 - 258.5 258.5 - 301.5 301.5 - 344.5

22 65 108 151 194 237 280 323

24 17 3 4 1 0 0 1 50

cf

Less than 0.5 Less than 43.5 Less than 86.5 Less than 129.5 Less than 172.5 Less than 215.5 Less than 258.5 Less than 301.5 Less than 344.5

0 24 41 44 48 49 49 49 50



Chapter 2 - Frequency Distributions and Graphs 5. continued The distribution is positively skewed.

6. continued The distribution is left skewed or negatively skewed.

30 25

7.

y 20 c n e u 15 q e r F 10

5 0 0.5-43.5

43.5-86.5

86.5-129.5 129.5-172.5 172.5-215.5 215.5-258.5 258.5-301.5 301.5-344.5

Accidents

30 25

y c 20 n e u 15 q e 10 r F

Limits

Boundaries

\ 7

f

21 - 29 30 - 38 39 - 47 48 - 56 57 - 65 66 - 74 75 - 83

20.5 - 29.5 29.5 - 38.5 38.5 - 47.5 47.5 - 56.5 56.5 - 65.5 65.5 - 74.5 74.5 - 83.5

25 34 43 52 61 70 79

5 10 13 10 4 3 1 46

5 0 22

65

1 08 08

151

1 94 94

23 7 2 80 80

32 3

cf

Accidents

y 60 c n e u 50 q 40 e r F 30 e v i 20 t a l u 10 m u 0 C

0.5

43.5 43.5

86.5 86.5

Less than 20.5 Less than 29.5 Less ess than han 38.5 38.5 Less ess than han 47.5 47.5 Less ess than han 56.5 56.5 Less ess than han 65.5 65.5 Less ess than han 74.5 74.5 Less ess than han 83.5 83.5

129.5 129.5 172.5 172.5 215.5 215.5 258. 258.5 5 301.5 301.5 344.5 344.5 Accidents

0 5 15 28 38 42 45 46

14 12

6.

10 14

f

12 y c n e u q e r f

8 6

10

4

8

2

6

0 20.5-29.5 29.5-38.5 38.5-47.5 47.5-56.5 56.5-65.5 65.5-74.5 74.5-83.5

4 2

Points

0 39.85-42.8 39.85-42.85 5

42.85-45.8 42.85-45.85 5

45.85-48.8 45.85-48.85 5

48.85-51.8 48.85-51.85 5 51.85-54.8 51.85-54.85 5

54.85-57.8 54.85-57.85 5

Millions of Dollars

14 12 10 8 f 6 4 2 0

14 12 10

y c n 8 e u q 6 e r f

25

4

34

43

52

61

70

79

65.5

74.5

Points

2 0 38.3 38.35 5

41.3 41.35 5

44.3 44.35 5

47.3 47.35 5

50.3 50.35 5

53.3 53.35 5

56.3 56.35 5

59.3 59.35 5

Millions of Dollars

60 50

35

40

30

cf 30

y c n 25 e u q e 20 r f e v 15 i t a l u 10 m u c 5

20 10 0 20.5

29.5

38.5

47.5

56.5

83.5

Points

0 38.85

42.85

45.85

48.85

51.85

54.85

57.85

Millions of Dollars




9. continued With minor differences, the histograms are fairly similar.

20 15 y c n e u 10 q e r F 5

10. 20 y 15 c n e u 10 q e 5 r f

0 5.5-8.5

8.5-11.5 11.5-14.5 14.5-17.5 17.5-20.5 20.5-23.5 23.5-26.5

Costs Costs of utilitie s

0 17.5 22.5

20

22.5 27.5

27.5 32.5

32.5 37.5

37.5 42.5

42.5 47.5

% At or Above Reading Level

y 15 c n e u 10 q e r F 5

20 y 15 c n e u 10 q e 5 r f

0 7

10

13

16

19

22

25

Costs o f utilities utilities

0 y 35 c n 30 e u 25 q e r f 20 e 15 v i t 10 a l u 5 m u 0 C

17.5 22.5

22.5 27.5

27.5 32.5

32.5 37.5

37.5 42.5

42.5 47.5

% At or Above Math Level

5.5

8.5

11.5

14.5

17.5

20.5

23.5

The distribution of math percentages is more bell-shaped than the distribution of reading percentages, and its peak in the class of 32.5  37.5 is not as high high as the peak peak of of the the reading percentages.

26.5

Costs of utilities

The distribution is positively skewed. 9. Limits

Boundaries

f (now)

f(5 years ago)

10 - 14 15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39 40 - 44 45 - 49 Total

9.5 - 14.5 14.5 - 19.5 19.5 - 24.5 24.5 - 29.5 29.5 - 34.5 24.5 - 39.5 39.5 - 44.5 44.5 - 49.5

6 4 3 2 5 1 2 1 24

5 4 2 3 6 2 1 1 24

11.

8

Limits

Boundaries

\ 7

f

60 - 64 65 - 69 70 - 74 75 - 79 80 - 84 85 - 89 90 - 94 95 - 99

59.5 - 64.5 64.5 - 69.5 69.5 - 74.5 74.5 - 79.5 79.5 - 84.5 84.5 - 89.5 89.5 - 94.5 94.5 - 99.5

62 67 72 77 82 87 92 97

2 1 5 12 18 6 5 1 50

6 f4

2

cf

0 9.5-14.5 14.519.5

19.524.5

24.529.5

29.534.5

34.539.5

39.544.5


44.549.5

Sulfur Dioxide (now)

7 6 5 4 f 3 2 1 0

0 2 3 8 20 38 44 49 50

9.5-14.5 14.5-19.519 -19.5 19.5-24.5 24.5-29.5 29.5-34.534.5-39.5 39.5-44.5 44.5-49.5 SulfurDioxide(5years ago)




12. continued

20

60

15

50

f 10

40

5

cf 30

0 59.5-64.5 64.5-69.5 69.5-74.5 74.5-79.5 79.5-84.5 84.5-89.5 89.5-94.5 94.5-99.5

20

Blood Glucose Levels

10 0 10.5

15.5

20.5

20

25.5

30.5

35.5

40.5

45.5

Waiting Times Time s

15

Ten patients waited longer than 30 minutes. minutes.

f 10

5

13.

0 62

67

72

77

82

87

92

y c n 0.4 e u 0.3 q e 0.2 r f e 0.1 v i t a 0 l e r

97

Blood Glucose Level Levels s

89.598.5

60

98.5107.5

107.5116.5

125.5134.5

I. Q.

50 40 c f

116.5125.5

30 20

y c n e u q e r f e v i t a l e r

10 0 59.5

64.5

69.5

74.5

79.5

84.5

89.5

94.5

99.5

Blood Glucose Levels

0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 85

94

103

112

121

130

139

I. Q.

12. e 1 v i t a y 0.8 l e c r n 0.6 e e v u i t q 0.4 a r e l 0.2 u f m u 0 c

20 15 f 10

5

89.5

98.5

107.5

0

116.5

125.5

134.5

I. Q.

10.515.5

15.520.5

20.525.5

25.530.5

30.535.5

35.540.5

40.545.5

The proportion of applicants who need to enroll in a summer program is 0.26 or 26%.

Waiting Times

14. 20

Boundaries

\ 7

rf

15

0.5 - 25.5 25.5 - 50.5 50.5 - 75.5 75.5 - 100.5 100.5 - 125.5 125.5 - 150.5 150.5 - 175.5 175.5 - 200.5 200.5 - 225.5 225.5 - 250.5 0.5

13 38 63 88 113 138 163 188 213 238

0.35 0.23 0.13 0.12 0.04 0.06 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.04 1.01

f 10

5 0 13

18

23

28

33

38

43

Waiting Times




15. crf

Less than 0.5 0 Less than 25.5 0.35 Less than 50.5 0.58 Less than 75.5 0.71 Less than 100.5 0.83 Less than 125.5 0.87 Less than 150.5 0.93 Less than 175.5 0.93 Less than 200.5 0.97 Less than 225.5 0.97 Less than 250.5 1.01 (differences in totals are due to rounding)

Boundaries

\ 7

rf

0.5 - 43.5 43.5 - 86.5 86.5 - 129.5 129.5 - 172.5 172.5 - 215.5 215.5 - 258.5 258.5 - 301.5 301.5 - 344.5 4.5

22 65 108 151 194 237 280 323

0.48 0.34 0.06 0.08 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 1.00 crf


0.4 0.3 rf 0.2 0.1 0 0.5- 25.5- 50.5- 75.5- 100.5- 125.5- 150.5- 175.5- 200.5- 225.525.5 50.5 75.5 100.5 125.5 150.5 175.5 200.5 225.5 250.5 BearKill Kills s

0 0.48 0.82 0.88 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.00

0.6 0.5 0.4 rf 0.3 0.2 0.1 0

0.4 0.3 rf 0.2

0.1 0 13

38

63

88 113 138 163 188 213 238

0.543.5

Bear Kills Kills

43.5- 86.5- 129.5- 172.5- 215.5- 258.5- 301.586.5 129.5 172.5 215.5 258.5 301.5 344.5 Number of accidents

1.2

0.6

1

0.5

0.8

0.4

crf 0.6

rf 0.3

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.1 0

0

22

0.5 25.5 50.5 75.5 100.512 0.5 125.5150.5 175.520 5.5 200.5225.5 250.5

65

108 151 194 237 280 323 Number of accidents

BearKills




17.

1.2 1 0.8 crf 0.6

0.4 0.2 0 0.5 43.5 86.5 129.5 172.5 215.5 258.5 301.5 344.5

Boundaries

\ 7

rf

79.5 - 108.5 108.5 - 137.5 137.5 - 166.5 166.5 - 195.5 195.5 - 224.5 224.5 - 253.5 253.5 - 282.5 2.5

94 123 152 181 210 239 268

0.17 0.28 0.04 0.20 0.22 0.04 0.04 0.99*

Number ofaccidents accidents

*due to rounding crf

16. Boundaries

\ 7

39.85 - 42.85 42.85 - 45.85 45.85 - 48.85 48.85 - 51.85 51.85 - 54.85 54.8 54.85 5 - 57.8 57.85 5

41.35 44.35 47.35 50.35 53.35 56.3 56.35 5


rf

0. 0 6 0. 0 6 0. 1 6 0. 1 6 0. 3 9 0.16 0.99 (difference is due to rounding)

0.3

crf

Less than 39.85 Less ess tha than n 42. 42.85 85 Less ess tha than n 45. 45.85 85 Less ess tha than n 48. 48.85 85 Less ess tha than n 51. 51.85 85 Less ess tha than n 54. 54.85 85 Less ess tha than n 57. 57.85 85

0.25

y c n 0.2 e u q e 0.15 r f e v 0.1 i t a l e r 0.05

0 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.29 0.29 0.45 0.45 0.84 0.84 1.00 1.00

0 79.5-108.5 108.5-137.5 108.5-137.5 137.5-166.5 137.5-166.5 166.5-195.5 166.5-195.5 195.5-224.5 195.5-224.5 224.5-253.5 224.5-253.5 153.5-282.5 153.5-282.5 Calories

0.3 y 0.25 c n 0.2 e u q e 0.15 r f e v 0.1 i t a l e 0.05 r

0.5

rf

0.00 0.17 0.45 0.49 0.69 0.91 0.95 0.99

0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 39.8542.85

42.8545.85

45.8548.85

48.8551.85

51.8554.85

0

54.8557.85

65

94

12 3

15 2

1 81

21 0

2 39

26 8

297

Calories

Salaries y 1.2 c n e u 1 q e r f 0.8 e v i t a 0.6 l e r e 0.4 v i t a 0.2 l u m u 0 c

0.5 0.4 0.3 rf

0.2 0.1 0

7 9. 9. 5

1 08 08. 5

13 7. 7. 5

1 66 66 .5 .5

19 5. 5. 5

22 4. 4.5

2 53 53 .5 .5

Calories

41.35 44.35 47.35 50.35 53.35 .35

56.35

Salaries

The histogram has two peaks.

1.2 1 0.8 crf 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 39.85

42.85

45.85

48.85

51.85

54.85

57.85

Salaries


2 82 82. 5



19.

Boundaries

\ 7

rf

Limits

Boundaries

Xm

f

11.5 - 19.5 19.5 - 27.5 27.5 - 35.5 35.5 - 43.5 43.5 - 51.5 51.5 - 59.5

15.5 23.5 31.5 39.5 47.5 55.5

0.175 0.425 0.25 0.10 0.025 0.025 1.000

22 - 24 25 - 27 28 - 30 31 - 33 34 - 36 37 - 39 40 - 42

21.5 - 24.5 24.5 - 27.5 27.5 - 30.5 30.5 - 33.5 33.5 - 36.5 36.5 - 39.5 39.5 - 42.5

23 26 29 32 35 38 41

1 3 0 6 5 3 2 20

crf


y c n e u q e r f e v i t a l e r

0.000 0.175 0.600 0.850 0.950 0.975 1.000

cf


0.45 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0

0 1 4 4 10 15 18 20

8

11.5-19. 11.5-19.5 5

19.5-27.5 19.5-27.5

27.5-35. 27.5-35.5 5

35.5-43.5 35.5-43.5

43.5-51.5 43.5-51.5

y c6 n e u4 q e r2 f

51.5-59.5 51.5-59.5

0

Grams

23

26

29

32

35

38

41

Seconds 0.45 0.4 y 0.35 c n 0.3 e u q 0.25 e r f 0.2 e v 0.15 i t a l e 0.1 r

25 y20 c n15 e u10 q e r 5 f

0.05 0

7.5

15.5

23.5

31.5

39.5

47.5

55.5

63.5

0

Grams

21.5 24.5 27.5 30.5 33.5 36.5 39.5 42.5 Seconds 1.2 e 1 v i t a y l 0.8 e c r n e e 0.6 v u i t a q e 0.4 l r u f m 0.2 u c

20. a. 0 b. 14 c. 10 d. 16

0 11.5

19.5

27.5

35.5

43.5

51.5

59.5

Grams

The histogram is positively skewed.




1. continued

Boundaries

\ 7

f

468.5 - 495.5 495.5 - 522.5 522.5 - 549.5 549.5 - 576.5 576.5 - 603.5 603.5 - 630.5 0.5

482 509 536 563 590 617

6 15 10 7 6 6 50

200 150 100 50 0 Dogs

Cats

Fish

Other

Pets

f


0 6 21 31 38 44 50

Other Fish Pets

Cats Dogs 0

50

100

150

200

20 15

2. f

f 10

Wendy's KFC Pizza Hut Burger King Subway

5 0 468.5-495.5 495.5-522.5 522.5-549.5 549.5-576.5 576.5-603.5 603.5-630.5 Average erageMathematics thematicsScore

$8.7 14.2 9.3 12.7 10.0 Sales of Fast Foods

20 Subway

15 Pizza Hut

f 10

Wendy's

5

0

0 482

509

536

563

590

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Dollars (billions)

617

Average Mathematics Score 15 ) s n o10 i l l i b ( s r a 5 l l o D

EXERCISE SET 2-3 1.

0

f

Dogs Cats Fish Other

KFC

78 86 160 53

Burge urger King ing

Subway

Pizza izza Hut

Wendy's dy's

Sales of Fast Foods


16



7. e16 t u n14 i m12 r e p10 d 8 e n r 6 u b 4 s e i r 2 o 0 l a C

Running

Skiing

Tennis

Golfing

Bicyc icycliling

$70.00 $60.00 $50.00 $40.00 Dollars $30.00 $20.00 $10.00 $0.00

Walking ing

2005

2007

2009

2011

2012

Year

4.

There was a considerable increase between 2005 and 2007, then small increases after after 2007.

700 600 500

r e b 400 m u 300 N

8.

200

$140

100

$120

0 North America

Eur op ope

A si sia

South America

Austra Australilia

Africa Africa

$100 $80 Amount

$60 $40

5.

$20 $0

$150.00

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Year

$100.00 Billions

$50.00

There was an increase in spending between 2007 and 2008 followed by a decrease in spending between between 2008 and and 2009. Spending showed slight increases increases in 2010, 2011, and 2012.

$0.00 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Year

There is a steady increase over the years.

9.

6. 1,500,000

Grading of Schools

1,450,000

D 5%

1,400,000 1,350,000 Number 1,300,000

C 15%

1,250,000 1,200,000

F 1% A 35% 35%

1,150,000 1,100,000

B 44% 44%

2000 2001 2002200 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009201 2009 2010 Year

Crime decreased between 2001 and 2004, increased between 2004 and 2006, then decreased steadily from 2007 to 2010.

More people graded their child's school as B than any other grade. Very few people graded the schools as D or F.




13.

Personal Bu Business Visit friends or family Work-related Leisure

146 3 30 2 25 2 99 10 0 0

14.6% 33.0% 22.5% 29.9% 100%

52.56° 118.8° 81.0° 107.64° 360°

Personal

Leisure

14.6%

29.9%

ì ì ì ì ì ì ì ì

ì ì ì ì ì

21

22

23

24

25

26

33.0%

22.5%

About "3 of the travelers visit friends or relatives, with the fewest travelling for personal business. 11.

3

Energy Consumption

28

29

30

31

ì ì

32

33

34

ì

35

4

5

6

ì ì ì

ì ì

ì ì

ì

7

8

9

10

11

12

ì

ì ì

ì

13

14

15

ì

16

17

18

15.

Petroleum 37%

Coal 21%

ì

ì

ì ì ì

72

73

74

ì ì ì ì

75

ì

ì ì ì ì ì

ì ì

76

77

78 7 9

ì

ì ì ì ì

80

81

8 2 83

ì ì ì ì

ì ì

ì ì

84

85

86

ì

ì ì ì ì

ì ì

87

88

89 9 0

ì ì

ì

91

The data peaks at age 77 and gaps between the ages of 80 and 84. The data clusters between ages 72 to 80 and between ages 84 to 91.

Fossil fuels accounted for 83% of total usage. 12. White Silver Black Red Gray Blue Other

27

ì

ì ì ì ì

The number of teacher strikes ranges from 3 strikes to 18 strikes. The data clusters clusters between 7 and 10 strikes and between 13 and 15 strikes.

Natural Gas 25%

Nuclear 9%

ì ì ì

ì ì ì ì ì

14. ì

Renewable 8%

ì ì ì

ì ì ì ì

The dotplot is somewhat positively skewed and shows that the majority of the players are between 21 and 30 years old. There are 2 peaks at 24 years old, with 7 players, and at 25 years old, with 8 players.

Visit Work

ì

ì ì ì

ì ì ì ì ì

ì ì ì ì ì ì ì

16. 19% 18% 16% 13% 12% 12% 10%

68.4° 64.8° 57.6° 46.8° 43.2° 43.2° 36.0°

ì ì

ì ì

ì

ì ì

ì

11

12

13

14

15

ì ì ì ì

16

ì ì ì

17 1 8

ì

ì ì ì

ì ì ì ì

19

20

2 1 22

ì ì

ì

ì ì ì

ì ì ì ì ì

ì ì ì

ì ì ì ì

ì

23

24

25

26

27

28 2 9

ì ì ì ì

ì ì

ì

ì

30

31 32

33

The commuting times range from 11 minutes to 33 minutes. minutes. The data clusters between 17 and 31 minutes and gaps at 16 and 32 minutes. Other 10% 10%

Blue 12% 12% Gray 12% 12% Red 13% 13%

Popular Vehicle Colors

17. 5 5 6 6 7

White 19% 19% Silver 18% 18% Black 16% 16%

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 0 1 3 4 5 6 0 3

2

2

2

2

2

2

4

Most of the players have 50 to 54 home runs. The greatest number of home runs is 73.


4

4

4

4

4

4



23.

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

0 0

0 0

!

!

0

0

! ! !

!

0 0 0

0 0

0 5 0 0 0 0 0

0

0 35.0%

0 0 0 0

0 0

0

&

5

30.0% 25.0%

5

20.0% % 15.0%

0

10.0%

0

5.0% 0.0% Govt. Admin Nursing Home Prescripti ons

19. South America 0 0 0

0 0 0

3 4 4 & 5 5 .1 2 3

5 4

6

6

6

6

6

7

8

8

Govt. Admin 10% Nursi Nursing Home 6%

Other 24%

Prescriptions 10%

Math 9 8 6

7 6 4

5 3 3

5 2 3

Reading 2 1 2

5 6 1 1 7 0 0 8 0

5 1

6 6

6 6

7 6

9 7

7

7

Drs. rs. and Clinics 20%

Hospital 30%

20. 9 9

Othe ther

9

The majority of the South American rivers are longer than those in Europe.

9

Hospital

Europe 0 0 0 1 1 2 5 2 3 9 3

#

4 2 1

Drs.and Clinics

8

24. The reading scores are somewhat higher than the math scores.

Patents

120,000 100,000

21. a. Pareto chart b. Pareto chart c. Pie graph d. Pie graph e. Pareto chart f. Time series series graph

80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0

Japan 22.4%

22. a. Time series graph b. Pie graph c. Pareto chart d. Pie graph e. Time series graph f. Pareto chart

Germany 6.2%

US 53.8%

South Korea 5.8% Taiwan 4.1% Canada 2.4% Italy 0.9%

Israel 0.9%

China 1.3%

The bar graph is better since there are too many categories for the pie graph.


United Kingdom 2.1%


Chapter 2 - Frequency Distributions and Graphs 25. The bottle for 2011 is much bigger bigger in area than the the bottle for 1988. This causes the eye to see a much bigger difference than the actual difference.

REVIEW EXERCISES - CHAPTER 2 1. Class Newspaper Television Radio Internet

26. 65 years and over 13.1%

Under 20 years 27.0%

2. Class Czech Republic Sweden Canada USSR Russia Finland Slovakia Total

20 years and over 59.9%

Yes. The percentages add up to more than than 100%. Since the category category "20 years and over" also includes the category "65 years and over", subtract 13.1% from 73% to obtain the percentage for "20 years and over".

3. Class 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

5000 4000 County 1 County 2

1000 0 2005 2006 2007

2008

2009 2010 2011

Year

There is no way to tell if the crime rate is decreasing by looking at the graph.

less than 10.5 less than 11.5 less than 12.5 less than 13.5 less than 14.5 less than 15.5 less than 16.5 less than 17.5 less th than 18 18.5 less th than 19 19.5 less th than 20 20.5 less than 21.5 less than 22.5

Parking $34

Transportation $65 Flight $440

Phone usage $95

f 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 28

Percent 25.0 21.4 17.9 14.3 1 0. 7 7.1 3.6 100

f 1 2 2 2 1 2 4 2 2 1 0 1 20

28. Meal, $38

Percent 20 32 24 24 100

Omit the years when no games were held.

27.

b 3000 m u N 2000

f 10 16 12 12 50

Entertainment $139

Hotel stay $323

Note: Other graphs could could be drawn to illustrate this data.

cf 0 1 3 5 7 8 10 14 16 18 19 19 20



Chapter 2 - Frequency Distributions and Graphs 4. Limits 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

6. continued Boundaries 7.5 - 8.5 8.5 - 9.5 9.5 - 10.5 10.5 - 11.5 11.5 - 12.5 12.5 - 13.5 13.5 - 14.5 14.5 - 15.5

less than 7.5 less than 8.5 less than 9.5 less ess than than 10.5 10.5 less ess than than 11.5 11.5 less ess than than 12.5 12.5 less ess than than 13.5 13.5 less ess than than 14.5 14.5 less ess than than 15.5 15.5

f 11 10 4 2 2 4 2 1 36

cf

Less than 50.5 Less than 59.5 Less than 68.5 Less than 77.5 Less than 86.5 Less than 95.5 Less than 104.5 7.

cf 0 11 21 25 27 29 33 35 36

Limits

Boundaries

rf

15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39

14.5 - 19.5 19.5 - 24.5 24.5 - 29.5 29.5 - 34.5 34.5 - 39.5

0.06 0.36 0.36 0.16 0.06 1.00

crf

Less than 14.5 Less than 19.5 Less than 24.5 Less than 29.5 Less than 34.5 Less than 39.5

5. Limits

Boundaries

f

15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 34 35 - 39

14.5 - 19.5 19.5 - 24.5 24.5 - 29.5 29.5 - 34.5 34.5 - 39.5

3 18 18 8 3 50

0.00 0.06 0.42 0.78 0.94 1.00

8.

cf

Less than 14.5 Less than 19.5 Less than 24.5 Less than 29.5 Less than 34.5 Less than 39.5

0 5 17 28 36 39 41

0 3 21 39 47 50

Limits

Boundaries

rf

51 - 59 60 - 68 69 - 77 78 - 86 87 - 95 96 - 104 104

50.5 - 59.5 59.5 - 68.5 68.5 - 77.5 77.5 - 86.5 86.5 - 95.5 95.5 95.5 - 104. 104.5 5

0.122 0.293 0.268 0.195 0.073 0.049 1.000 crf

Less than 50.5 Less than 59.5 Less than 68.5 Less than 77.5 Less than 86.5 Less than 95.5 Less th than 10 104.5

6. Limits

Boundaries

f

51 - 59 60 - 68 69 - 77 78 - 86 87 - 95 96 - 104 104

50.5 - 59.5 59.5 - 68.5 68.5 - 77.5 77.5 - 86.5 86.5 - 95.5 95.5 95.5 - 104. 104.5 5

5 12 11 8 3 2 41

0.000 0.122 0.415 0.683 0.878 0.951 1.000




11. 20

0.4

15

0.3

10

rf 0.2

5

0.1 0

0 14.5-19.5

19.5-24. -24.5

24.5 24.5-29. -29.5

29.5 29.5-34. -34.5

14. 5- 19. 5

34.5-39. -39.5

19. 5- 24. 5

2 4. 5- 29. 5

29. 5- 34 34. 5

34. 5- 39 39. 5

Percent completing 4 years of college


20

0.4

y 15 c n e u 10 q e r f 5

rf 0.2

0.3

0.1

0 17

22

27

32

0

37

17


22

27

32

37

Percent completing 4 years of college 60

e y v c i t 40 a n l e u u 20 m q e u f r c

1.5 1

0

14.5

19.5

24.5

29.5

34.5

crf

39.5

0.5


0 14.5

19.5

10.

24.5

29.5

34.5

39.5

Percent completing leting 4 years of college

15 10

12.

f

5

0.4

0 50.5-5 50.5-59.5 9.5

59.5-6 59.5-68.5 8.5

68.5-77.5

77.5-8 77.5-86.5 6.5

0.3 rf 0.2

86.5-9 86.5-95.5 5.5 95.5-104 5-104.5 .5

Age

0.1 0 50.5-59.5

59.5-68 5-68.5 68.5-77.5

15

77.5-86.5

86.5-95.5 95.5-104.5

Age

10 f

5

0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

0 55

64

73

82

91

rf 0.2 0.2

100

0.1 0.1

Age

0 55

64

73

82

91

100

Age Age

50 40 30 cf 20 10 0

1.5 1.5 crf

50.5

59.5

68.5

77.5

86.5

95.5

104.5

1 0.5 0.5 0

Age

50.5

59.5

68.5

77.5

86.5

95.5

104.5

Age




16. 16

100 80 60 Percent 40 20 0

14 12 Cost in billions

Drink

Talk on cell phone

Eat

Road Range

10 8 6

Smoke

4 2 0 Vet Care Care

Suppli Supplies es

Groom Groomin ing g

Purchases urchases

Smoke RoadRange

17.

Eat Talk on cell phone

800

Drink

600

0

20

40

60

80

Launches 400

100

200

Percent

0 60-69 60-69

70-79 70-79

80-89 80-89

90-9 90-99 9

00-0 00-09 9

Decade

14.

Launches declined steadily from the 1960s through the the 1970s and 1980s. Launches increased in the 1990s then decreased in the 2000s.

250 200 i r 150 o l a C 100

50

18.

0 Peanuts

Almonds

Macadamia

Pecans

Cashews

12.0% 10.0% 8.0% Percent 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0%

Cashews Pecans Macadamia

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Almonds

Year

Peanuts 0

50

100

150

200

The dropout rate increased slightly from 2003 to 2004, 2004 , then decreased slightly each year until until 2008. There was a slight slight increase increase in 2009.

250

Calories

15. 19.

300 250

Spending of College ollege Freshmen reshmen

200

Shoes 6%

150 100

Clothing 11%

50 0 Website Websites

Online images

Online games

Online videos

DormItems 27%

Electronics 56%




25. The graphs are misleading because no scale is used on the B and C axes. Undecided 8%

26. The difference between payoffs appears large, but is only 3%. The scale on the the C axis may be truncated.

No 26% 26% Yes 66% 66%

CHAPTER 2 QUIZ 21. ì ì ì

ì ì

ì

ì

ì ì

26

27

28

2 9 30

31

ì ì ì

3 2 33

ì

34

35

36 37

38

39 40

41

42

43

44

45

46 4 7

The graph shows almost all but one of the touchdowns per season for Manning's career were between 26 and 33. 22.

ì ì ì

ì ì ì ì ì ì

9

10

ì ì ì

ì ì ì ì ì ì

11

12

ì

ì ì ì

ì ì ì ì ì

13

14

15

ì

ì ì

ì ì

16

17

18

ì

ì ì ì

ì ì

ì ì

19

20

21

22

The distribution is somewhat positively skewed, and the majority of the CDs (27) had between 9 and 15 songs on them. 23. 2 3 4 5 6 7 24. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

9 2 1 1 2 2

9 4 2 3 2 3

2 3

8

2

4

5 3 5 2

6 7 8 3

8 7

48

49

1. False 2. False 3. False 4. True 5. True 6. False 7. False 8. c 9. c 10. b 11. b 12. Categorical, ungrouped, grouped 13. 5, 20 14. Categorical 15. Time series 16. Stem and leaf plot 17. Vertical or y 18. Class H A M C

8

7

f 6 5 6 8 25

cf 6 11 17 25

19. 8 Condominium 32%

Mobile Home 24%

6 4 2 5 0

6 9

House 24%

Apartment 20%

6

9



Chapter 2 - Frequency Distributions and Graphs 20. Limits 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

22. Boundaries 0.5  1.5 1.5  2.5 2.5  3.5 3.5  4.5 4.5  5.5 5.5  6.5 6.5  7.5 7.5  8.5 8.5  9.5

f 1 5 3 4 2 6 2 3 4 30

\ 7

Boundaries

f

rf

0 - 214 215 - 429 430 - 644 645 - 859 860 - 1074 1075 - 1289 1290 - 1504

1 07 32 2 53 7 75 2 967 11 8 2 13 9 7

-0.5 - 214.5 214.5 - 429.5 429.5 - 644.5 644.5 - 859.5 859.5 - 1074.5 1074.5 - 1289.5 1289.5 - 1504.5

20 15 5 5 2 2 2 51

0.39 0.29 0.10 0.10 0.04 0.04 0.04 1.00

Less than 0 Less than 214.5 Less than 429.5 Less than 644.5 Less than 859.5 Less th than 10 1074.5 Less th than 12 1289.5 Less th than 15 1504.5

cf 0 1 6 9 13 15 21 23 26 30

less than 0.5 less than 1.5 less than 2.5 less than 3.5 less th than 4.5 4.5 less th than 5.5 5.5 less th than 6.5 6.5 less th than 7.5 7.5 less th than 8.5 8.5 less th than 9.5 9.5

Limits

cf

crf

0 20 35 40 45 47 49 51

0 0.39 0.68 0.78 0.88 0.92 0.96 1.00

23. 25 20 f

15 10 5 0

21.

0.5-214.5 214.5429.5

429.5644.5

644.5859.5

859.51074.5

1074.5- 1289.51289.5 1504.5

Billions of BTU

6 r e 4 b m u 2 N

25

0

20

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

15 f

Items Purchased Purchased

10 5 0

6

107

r e4 b m u2 N

322

537

752

967

1182

1397

Billi illions ons of BTU

0 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 10

60 50 40

Items Purchased

cf 30 30 25 r 20 e b15 m u N10 5 0 0.5

20 10 0 0

214.5

429.5 644.5

859.5 1074.5 1289.5 1504.5

Billionsof BTU

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

5.5

6.5

7.5

8.5

9.5

Items Purchased




27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

400 300

s n200 o T

100 0 Paper

Iron/Steel Aluminum

Yard

Glass

Plastics

waste

5 6 1 1 3 2 6 6 8

9 8 5 7 3 3 9 8

8 8 4 7

8

9

8

9

28.

ì ì ì

ì ì ì ì ì ì ì

2

3

Plastics Glass e t s a WYard Waste f o Aluminum e p y T Iron/steel Paper 0

100

200

300

ì ì ì

ì ì ì ì

4

5

ì ì ì

ì ì ì ì ì

ì ì ì ì

ì ì ì ì ì

ì ì ì

ì ì ì ì

ì ì

ì

ì ì

ì

ì ì

ì

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

29. The bottles have different areas, so your eyes will compare areas instead of heights.

400

Tons

25.

Other 12% Phishing 5% Computer hackers hackers 10%

Lost or stolen 44 %

Stolen mail 11%

Retail p urchases urchases 18%

26. 4000 s h 3000 t a e d f o 2000 r e b m1000 u N

0 2020

2025

2030

2035

Year


Elementary Statistics a Step by Step Approach 9th Edition Bluman Solutions Manual

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