Elektricne Instalacije i Osvetljenje

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0

>; 5J@KLMNOP+QRARNRM+SJ@K+==:=BC< Potrebno je izraditi kompletan projekat električne instalacije i osvetljenja stana čija je građevinska osnova data na priloženom crtežu. Projekat mora da obuhvati: 1. Proračun osvetljenja za prostoriju sa najvećim i srednjim potrebnim nivoom osvetljenosti i procenu instalisane snage osvetljenja ostalih prostorija, 2. Planove instalacije osvetljenja i utičnica kao i jednopolnu šemu razvodne table u stanu, 3. Kompletan proračun vodova: za napajanje zgrade (od TS do KPO), mernog razvodnog ormana (KPO – MRO), razvodne table stana (MRO – RT) i svih strujnih kola u stanu, 4. Proveru vrednosti pada napona i zaštite od strujnog udara, 5. Pregled instalisane snage osvetljenja, usvojenih preseka i osigurača za sva strujna kola u stanu kao i pregleda opterećenja po fazama, 6. Specifikaciju materijala. Projekat uskladiti sa svim važećim propisima i standardima. Strogo se pridržavati i predvideti sve mere zaštite. Posebni zahtevi sa kojima treba uskladiti projekat su: • Zgrada se napaja iz distributivne transformatorske stanice u koju je ograđen transformator od 630 kVA, 10/0.42 kV/kV, PCun=6.5 kW, PFe0=1.3 kW, sprege Dyn5. • Distributivna mreža je kablovska. Preko odcepa (kabla) koji je potrebno dimenzionisati napajaju se 3 slične zgrade. Prva se nalazi na 25 m od TS, a međusobno su udaljene po 12 m. U projektu smatrati da se stan nalazi u najudaljenijoj zgradi. • Zgrada ima 7 spratova sa po 3 slična stana. Zajednička potrošnja se može posmatrati kao potrošnja dodatnog stana. • U svakom stanu se predviđa ugradnja trofaznih utičnica za napajanje trofaznog štednjaka. Simetriranje opterećenja je potrebno izvesti za svaki stan ponaosob. • MRO su raspoređeni po spratovima, a najveće rastojanje od MRO do RT iznosi 12 m. • Zaštita od previsokog napona dodira se izvodi sistemom TN-C/S, pri čemu se PE i N provodnik odvajaju u KPO gde je izvršeno i glavno izjednačenje potencijala njihovim vezivanjem na uzemljivač. • Merama zaštite treba predvideti pojačane mere zaštite u kupatilu i izjednačenje potencijala metalnih delova. • Objekat se zagreva daljinski, a hladi se i dogreva električnom energijom (klima uređaji). • Za zagrevanje tople vode u kupatilu i kuhinji predvideti akumulacioni i protočni bojler, respektivno. • Može se smatrati da je srednja snaga po utičnici oko 500 W, a da je snaga električnog štednjaka oko 7000 W. Snaga ugrađenih klima uređaja iznosi 2200 W (4 uređaja). Snaga protočnog bojlera iznosi oko 2500 W, a akumulacionog oko 2000 W. Za dogrevanje kupatila koristi se grejalica snage 1200 W. • Predviđeno je da zidovi i tavanica objekta budu izrađeni u svetloj boji. Projektni zadatak izdat: Predmetni asistent: Student – projektant: U Banjaluci, 21. Maja 2001.

Dejan Raca, dipl. ing. 1

Borislav Marić, 0030/95

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2

2.2 Proracun osvjetljenja Proracun osvjetljenja je uradjen po metodi stepena korisnog djelovanja za dnevnu sobu i kuhinju,a za ostale prostorije po Watt-noj metodi. 1OLYOP+S@JRYRM+KL+AP[LOQPKR+9`Ha9`<[9`YPWPOL+Td9`F[;5@YJWPOR+S@JRYMR+WL+JR]XOR+MR@ A=axb=6 m2. Potreban srednji nivo osvjetljenosti iznosi Es=250 lx.Indeks prostorije se racuna prema izrazu: A k= hk (a + b ) -hk korisna visina prostorije racuna se kao hk=h-hr-hs -hr visina radne povrsine koja iznosi 0,85m -hs visina vjesanja svjetiljke koja iznosi 0,2m hk=2,6-0,85-0,2=1,55m Uvrstavanjem brojnih vrijednosti za k dobijemo k=0,8 Koeficijenti refleksije su: -pod rp=0,1 -strop rs=0,7 -zidovi rz=0,5 Osvjetljenje je rijeseno kao indirektno sa svjetiljkom S-1-200 sa sijalicom 200W sa uzarenim vlaknom.Iz tablica za ovu svjetiljku se pronalazi η = 0,27 . Faktor zaprljanosti prostorije fz=0,9 . Faktor starenja sijalice fs=0,9 . Ukupan svjetlosni fluksse racuna po izrazu: E A Φ uk = s ηf s f z Uvrstavanjem brojnih vrijednosti dobija se: Φ uk = 9250lm Fluks jedne sijalice od 200W iznosi: Φ 1s = 3100lm Racunski dobijen potreban broj sijalica je: Φ n r = uk = 2,9 Φ 1s Konacan usvojen potreban broj sijalica je n=3 sa ukupnom snagom osvjetljenja 600W. #XTPOKR+KL+AP[LOQPKR+9a>`<+[9`YPWPOL+Td9`F[;5@YJWPOR+S@JRYMR+WL+JR]XOR+MR@ A=axb=2,3 m2. Potreban srednji nivo osvjetljenosti iznosi Es=250 lx.Indeks prostorije se racuna prema izrazu: A k= hk (a + b ) -hk korisna visina prostorije racuna se kao hk=h-hr-hs -hr visina radne povrsine koja iznosi 0,85m 3

-hs visina vjesanja svjetiljke koja iznosi 0,2m hk=2,6-0,85-0,2=1,55m Uvrstavanjem brojnih vrijednosti za k dobijemo k=1,28 Koeficijenti refleksije su: -pod rp=0,1 -strop rs=0,7 -zidovi rz=0,5 Osvjetljenje je rijeseno kao indirektno sa svjetiljkom S-1-200 sa sijalicom 200W sa uzarenim vlaknom.Iz tablica za ovu svjetiljku se pronalazi η = 0,47 . Faktor zaprljanosti prostorije fz=0,9 . Faktor starenja sijalice fs=0,9 . Ukupan svjetlosni fluksse racuna po izrazu: E A Φ uk = s ηf s f z Uvrstavanjem brojnih vrijednosti dobija se: Φ uk = 4107lm Fluks jedne sijalice od 200W iznosi: Φ 1s = 3100lm Racunski dobijen potreban broj sijalica je: Φ n r = uk = 1,32 Φ 1s Konacan usvojen potreban broj sijalica je n=2 sa ukupnom snagom osvjetljenja 400W. Ostale prostorije se rjesavaju po Watt-noj metodi,gdje se potrebna snaga osvjetljenja racuna na osnovu povrsine prostorije i usvojene specificne snage od 30 W/m2. Rezultati su prikazani u tablici. A

Prostorija

Hodnik S. soba D. soba Balkon Trpezarija Ostava k. Ostava b. Kupatilo Kuhinja Dnevni boravak Total

Porebna snaga W

3,5 4 5 2,5 3,625 0,8 0,75 3,5

105 120 150 75 108 24 23 105

Ukupna instalisana snaga osvjetljenja je 1980 W.

4

Realizacija W 2x60 2x100 2x100 1x100 2x60 1x60 1x60 2x60 2x200 3x200 1980

9;:+1P[LOQP@OPWROKL+MRS\@YR 9;:+1P[LOQP@OPWROKL+MRS\@YR )OWNR\PWROR+WROR?R+KLAO@?+WNROR+PQO@WP3 P1 = 30680W 0LAO@YJL[LOR+WOR?R+WNROR+WL+JR]XOR+V@+@SJRW]X3 Pj = k j P1 ?AKL+KL+ k j +M@L^P]PKLON+KLAO@YJL[LO@WNP+P+PQO@WP3 k j = 0,4 +bQS@?+YL\PML+POWNR\PWROL+WOR?Lc 5@W\PKL+XO@WLOKR+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL Pj = 12272W

9;:;>+1P[LOQP@OPWROKL+MRS\@YR+@A+8%&+A@+%& 0LAO@YJL[LOL+WNJXKR+WNROR+WL+JR]XOR+VJL[R+PQJRQX3 Pj Ij = 3U n cos ϕ .WYRKR+WL+^RMN@J+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 1 +QR+A@[RePOWNYR; .O@ZLOKL[+ U n = 380V +P+@WNR\PT+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL3 I j = 18,6 A 2NJXKR+QR+M@KX+VJ@Y@AOPM+[@JR+SPNP+VJLAYPfLO+@AJLfXKL+WL+PQ+PQJRQR3 Ij / Ij = K pKθ ?AKL+KL K p +^RMN@J+V@\R?ROKR+MRS\R`R K θ NL[VLJRNXJOP+M@L^P]PKLON; #RM@+WL+JRAP+@+96H+YPWLQP\OPT+MRS\@YR+JRQY@AR+NPVR+*+M@KP+WX+QRNY@JLOP+P+YXMX+WL VRJR\L\O@`+XWYRKR+WL3 K p = 0,8 ++++ K θ = 1 /

2\PKLAP+ I j = 23,25 A )Q+NRS\P]L+WL+SPJR+@A?@YRJRKX]P++Y@A+P+VJLWKLM+OKL?@YPT+VJ@Y@AOPMR+VJL[R3 I td > I /j ?AKL+KL+ I td NJRKO@+A@QY@\KLOR+WNJXKR; /PJR+WL+MRS\+WR+57*+PQ@\R]PK@[+P+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R+VJLWKLMR q = 6mm 2 ;1RM\L+NJLSR OR[+MRS\+556g+ 5 x6mm 2 +WR+ I td = 40 A ;8RMWP[R\OR+AXQPOR+@A+8%&+A@+%&+KL+>9[; )QS@J+@WP?XJR]R+WL+YJWP+OR+@WO@YX+PQJRQR3 I j < I o < K p K θ I td 20,4 A < I o < 32 A .+8%&+WL+XWYRKR+@WP?XJR]+WR+N@V\KPYP[+X[LNM@[+NPVR+16NJ@[P+O@[POR\OL+WNJXKL+ I o = 25 A ;

5

9;:;9+1P[LOQP@OPWROKL+MRS\@YR+@A+#5&+A@+8%& 0LAO@YJL[LOR+WOR?R+NJP+WNROR+WL+JR]XOR+V@+@SJRW]X3 Pj 3 = k j 3 ∑ P1 3

?AKL+KL+ k j 3 +M@L^P]PKLON+KLAO@YJL[LO@WNP+P+PQO@WP3 k j3 = k∞ +

k∞ 3

4AKL+KL+ k ∞ = 0,18 5@W\PKL+XO@WLOKR+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL Pj 3 = 24077W 0LAO@YJL[LOL+WNJXKR+NJP+WNROR+WL+JR]XOR+VJL[R+PQJRQX3 Pj 3 I j3 = 3U n cos ϕ .WYRKR+WL+^RMN@J+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 1 +QR+A@[R]POWNYR; .O@WLOKL[+ U n = 380V +P+@WNR\PT+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL3 I j 3 = 36,6 A 2NJXKR+QR+M@KX+VJ@Y@AOPM+[@JR+SPNP+VJLAYPfLO+@AJLfXKL+WL+PQ+PQJRQR3 I j3 / I j3 = K pKθ ?AKL+KL K p +^RMN@J+V@\R?ROKR+MRS\R`R K θ NL[VLJRNXJOP+M@L^P]PKLON; #RM@+WL+JRAP+@+96H+YPWLQP\OPT+MRS\@YR+JRQY@AR+NPVR+*+M@KP+WX+QRNY@JLOP+P+YXMX+WL VRJR\L\O@`+XWYRKR+WL3 K p = 0,8 ++++ K θ = 1 /

2\PKLAP+ I j 3 = 45,7 A )Q+NRS\P]L+WL+SPJR+@A?@YRJRKX]P++XWV@OWMP+Y@A+P+VJLWKLM+OKL?@YPT+VJ@Y@AOPMR+VJL[R3 I td > I /j 3 ?AKL+KL+ I td NJRKO@+A@QY@\KLOR+WNJXKR; /PJR+WL+MRS\+WR+57*+PQ@\R]PK@[+P+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R+VJLWKLMR q = 16mm 2 ;1RM\L NJLSR+OR[+MRS\+556g+ 5 x16mm 2 +WR+ I td = 73 A ;8RMWP[R\OR+AXQPOR+Y@AR+KL+9=+[; )QS@J+@WP?XJR]R+WL+YJWP+OR+@WO@YX+PQJRQR3 I j < I o < K p K θ I td 50,3 A < I o < 62,5 A .+#5&+WL+XWYRKR+@WP?XJR]+WR+N@V\KPYP[+X[LNM@[+NPVR+16NJ@[P+O@[POR\OL+WNJXKL+ I o = 60 A ;

6

9;:;:+1P[LOQP@OPWROKL+MRS\@YR+@A+#5&>+A@+#5& 0LAO@YJL[LOR+WOR?R+Q?JRAL+WR+G+WVJRN@YR+V@+NJP+WNROR+WL+JR]XOR+V@+@SJRW]X3 Pjz = k jz ∑ P1 22

?AKL+KL+ k jz +M@L^P]PKLON+KLAO@YJL[LO@WNP+P+PQO@WP3 k jz = k ∞ +

k∞ 21 + 1

4AKL+KL+ k ∞ = 0,18 5@W\PKL+XO@WLOKR+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL Pjz = 94494W 0LAO@YJL[LOL+WNJXKR+Q?JRAL+WL+JR]XOR+VJL[R+PQJRQX3 Pjz I jz = 3U n cos ϕ .WYRKR+WL+^RMN@J+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 1 +QR+A@[RePOWNYR; .O@ZLOKL[+ U n = 380V +P+@WNR\PT+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL3 I jz = 143 A 2NJXKR+QR+M@KX+VJ@Y@AOPM+[@JR+SPNP+VJLAYPfLO+@AJLfXKL+WL+PQ+PQJRQR3 I jz / I jz = K pKθ ?AKL+KL K p +^RMN@J+V@\R?ROKR+MRS\R`R K θ NL[VLJRNXJOP+M@L^P]PKLON; #RM@+WL+JRAP+@++JRQY@AX+NPVR+1+M@KP+WX+QRNY@JLOP+P+YXMX+WL+VRJR\L\O@`+XWYRKR+WL3 K p = 0,8 ++++ K θ = 1 +2\PKLAP+

/

I jz = 178 A

)Q+NRS\P]L+WL+SPJR+@A?@YRJRKX]P+++Y@A+P+VJLWKLM+OKL?@YPT+VJ@Y@AOPMR+VJL[R3 I td > I /jz ?AKL+KL+ I td NJRKO@+A@QY@\KLOR+WNJXKR; /PJR+WL+MRS\+WR+PQ@\R]PK@[+@A+X[JLQLO@?+V@\PLNP\LOR++P+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R VJLWKLMR q = 300mm 2 ;1RM\L+NJLSR+OR[+MRS\++ 3x 300mm 2 + 240 +WR+ I td = 396A ; 8RMWP[R\OR+AXQPOR+Y@AR+KL+>9+[; #RS\+WL+WNPNP+O@QRWNP[+@WP?XJR]L[+X+$2`NPV+(`+ I o = 335a

7

9;:;H+1P[LOQP@OPWROKL+MRS\@YR+@A+#5&9+A@+#5&> 0LAO@YJL[LOR+WOR?R+AYPKL+Q?JRAL+WR+G+WVJRN@YR+V@+NJP+WNROR+WL+JR]XOR+V@+@SJRW]X3 Pjz = k jz ∑ P1 44

?AKL+KL+ k jz +M@L^P]PKLON+KLAO@YJL[LO@WNP+P+PQO@WP3 k j2 = k ∞ +

k∞ 22 + 2


/

I jz = 276 A

)Q+NRS\P]L+WL+SPJR+@A?@YRJRKX]P+++Y@A+P+VJLWKLM+OKL?@YPT+VJ@Y@AOPMR+VJL[R3 I td > I /jz ?AKL+KL+ I td NJRKO@+A@QY@\KLOR+WNJXKR; /PJR+WL+MRS\+WR+PQ@\R]PK@[+@A+X[JLQLO@?+V@\PLNP\LOR++P+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R VJLWKLMR q = 300mm 2 ;1RM\L+NJLSR+OR[+MRS\++ 3x 300mm 2 + 240 +WR+ I td = 396A ; 8RMWP[R\OR+AXQPOR+Y@AR+KL+>9+[; #RS\+WL+WNPNP+O@QRWNP[+@WP?XJR]L[+X+$2`NPV+(` I o = 335A

8

9;:;<+1P[LOQP@OPWROKL+MRS\@YR+@A+$2+A@+#5&9 0LAO@YJL[LOR+WOR?R+NJP+Q?JRAL+WR+G+WVJRN@YR+V@+NJP+WNROR+WL+JR]XOR+V@+@SJRW]X3 Pjz = k jz ∑ P1 66

?AKL+KL+ k jz +M@L^P]PKLON+KLAO@YJL[LO@WNP+P+PQO@WP3 k j3 = k∞ +

k∞ 63 + 3


/

I jz = 370 A

)Q+NRS\P]L+WL+SPJR+@A?@YRJRKX]P+++Y@A+P+VJLWKLM+OKL?@YPT+VJ@Y@AOPMR+VJL[R3 I td > I /jz ?AKL+KL+ I td NJRKO@+A@QY@\KLOR+WNJXKR; /PJR+WL+MRS\+WR+PQ@\R]PK@[+@A+X[JLQLO@?+V@\PLNP\LOR++P+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R VJLWKLMR q = 300mm 2 ;1RM\L+NJLSR+OR[+MRS\++ 4 x300mm 2 +WR+ I td = 396 A ; 8RMWP[R\OR+AXQPOR+Y@AR+KL+9<+[; )QS@J+@WP?XJR]R+WL+YJWP+OR+@WO@YX+PQJRQR3 I jz < I o < K p K θ I td 333 A < I o < 356 A .+$2+WL+XWYRKR+O@QRWNP+@WP?XJR]+WR+N@V\KPYP[+X[LNM@[+NPVR+(+O@[POR\OL+WNJXKL I o = 335A ;

9

9;:;F+1P[LOQP@OPWROKL+MRS\@YR+X+WNROX (RQPYOR+WNJXKR+[@O@^RQO@?+WNJXKO@?+M@\R+WL+JR]XOR+VJL[R+PQJRQX3 P In = i U nf ?AKL+KL+ Pi +POWNR\PWROR+WOR?R+WNJXKO@?+M@\R`+R+ U nf = 220V ; (RQPYOR+WNJXKR+NJ@^RQO@?+WNJXKO@?+M@\R+WL+JR]XOR+VJL[R+PQJRQX3 Pi In = 3U nL ?AKL+KL+ Pi +POWNR\PWROR+WOR?R+WNJXKO@?+M@\R`+R+ U nL = 380V ; 5JLWKL]P+MRS\@YR+@A+SRMJR+WR+57*+PQ@\R]PK@[+XWY@KLOP+WX+V@+VJLV@JX]P3 6QR+WNJXKOL+MJX?@YL+@WYKLN\KLOKR+ q = 1.5mm 2 6QR+@WNR\L+WNJXKOL+MJX?@YL++ q = 2.5mm 2 5@WN@+WL+@A+%&+Y@AP+>G+VRJR\L\OPT+Y@A@YR`+JRQY@AR+NPVR+*`QR+M@JLM]P@OL+^RMN@JL+WL XQP[RKX+YJPKLAO@WNP3 K p = 0,7 ++++ K θ = 1 )QS@J+@WP?XJR]R+WL+YJWP+OR+@WO@YX+MJPNLJPKX[R3 1.1I n < I o < K p K θ I td )Q+NRS\P]R+NJRKO@+A@QYP\KLOR+WNJXKR+QR+VJLWKLM+ q = 1.5mm 2 PQO@WP+ I td = 18.5 A `+R+QR q = 2.5mm 2 PQO@WP+ I td = 23 A ` DR+V@KLAPOL+WNJXKOL+MJX?@YL+X+WNROX+JLQX\NRNP+WX+ARNP+NRSL\RJO@+MR@+P+JRWV@JLA+@VNLJL]LOKR V@+^RQR[R; Br . >; 9; :; H; <; F; G; I; C; >=; >>; >9; >:; >H; ><; >F; >G;

Namjena .NP]OP]R+MX; &WYKLN\KLOKL> 4JPKR\P]R+MX; .NP]OP]R+MXT; .NP]OP]R+NJV; .NP]OP]R AO;S; .NP]OP]R+W;W; .NP]OP]R+AK;W; &WYKLN\KLOKL9 5J@N@]OP+S@K; 2NLAOKRM -M;S@K\LJ DY@O]L #\P[R+X; #\P[R+X; #\P[R+X; #\P[R+X;

Pi W

In A

q mm2

Ittd A

Io A

L m

++++<== ++++9== +++><== +++>=== +++><==

+++++9;9G +++++9`< +++++<`H< +++++FÌ> +++++H`

+++9`< +++>`< +++9`< +++9`< +++9`< +++9`<

++++9: ++++>I`< ++++9: ++++9: ++++9: ++++9:

++++++>F ++++++>= ++++++>F ++++++>F ++++++>F ++++++>F

+++++:;C ++++9C +++++9;G< +++++H;F +++++G;9 ++++>F;C

+++><== +++><== +++>HH= +++9<== +++G=== +++99== +++++6 +++99== +++99== +++99== +++99==

+++++FÌ> +++++FÌ> +++++F`< ++++>>`:= ++++>=`FH ++++>= +++++6 ++++>= ++++>= ++++>= ++++>=

+++9`< +++9`< +++>`< +++9`< +++9`< +++9`< +++>`< +++9`< +++9`< +++9`< +++9`<

++++9: ++++9: ++++>I`< ++++9: ++++9: ++++9: ++++>I`< ++++9: ++++9: ++++9: ++++9:

++++++>F ++++++>F ++++++>= ++++++>F ++++++>F ++++++>F ++++++>= ++++++>F ++++++>F ++++++>F ++++++>F

++++>F;F ++++9= ++++:= +++++H;< +++++I;: +++++< +++++> +++++>9 +++++>9 +++++>9 +++++>9

10

/J; >; 9; :; H; <; F; G; I; C; >=; >>; >9; >H; ><; >F; >G; $@NR\

+++++"> ++++<==

++++++"9 "9

++++"9 "9 ++++
++++>9== ++++><== ++++>=== ++++><== ++++><== +++><== +++>H== +++:===

++++9<== ++++9===

+++9=== +++99==

+++99== ++++99== +++99== +++99== +++>=H==

++++>=H==

+++CFI=

11

9;H5J@YKLJR+VRA@YR+ORV@OR 9;H;>5J@YKLJR+VRA@YR+ORV@OR+@A+$2+A@+#5&9 1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR+WR+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R+P+PQ@\R]PK@[+@A+X[JLQLO@? V@\PLNP\LOR+AP[LOQPKR+:a:==h9H= mm 2 +@A+$2+A@+#5&9+PQO@WP+9<+[;5@A+VJLNV@WNRYM@[ AR+WX+OR+@YRK+MRS\+VJPM\KX]LOL+:+Q?JRAL+WR+KLAO@YJL[LO@[+WOR?@[ Pj 3 z = 227543W 5RA+ORV@OR+PQ[LfX+$2++P+#5&9++WL+JR]XOR+V@+PQJRQX 100 Pj 3 z (r + xtgα )l ∆uTS − kpo 2 = U n2 ?AKL+WX3 6+J++V@AXQOP+@[WMP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km 6+a++V@AXQOP+POAXMNPYOP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km 6\+AXQPOR+Y@AR+++M[ )Q+NRS\P]L+QR+VJ@Y@AOPML+VJLWKLMR+:==+ mm 2 WL+XQP[R3 Jd=`=F ad=`=GC )Q+VJ@VPWRO@?+^RMN@JR+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 0,95 +W\PKLAP+ tgϕ = 0,32 .O@WLOKL[+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL+3 100 * 227543(0,06 + 0,079 * 0,32)0,025 ∆uTS −kpo 2 = 380 2 ∆uTS −kpo 2 = 0,315%

9;H;95J@YKLJR+VRA@YR+ORV@OR+@A++#5&9+A@+#5&> 1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR+WR+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R+P+PQ@\R]PK@[+@A+X[JLQLO@? V@\PLNP\LOR+AP[LOQPKR+:a:== mm 2 h9H=+@A+#5&9+A@+#5&>+PQO@WP+>9+[;5@A VJLNV@WNRYM@[+AR+WX+OR+@YRK+MRS\+VJPM\KX]LOL+9+Q?JRAL+WR+KLAO@YJL[LO@[+WOR?@[ Pj 2 z = 163994W 5RA+ORV@OR+PQ[LfX+#5&9++P+#5&>++WL+JR]XOR+V@+PQJRQX 100 Pj 2 z (r + xtgα )l ∆u kpo 2 − kpo1 = U n2 ?AKL+WX3 6+J++V@AXQOP+@[WMP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km 6+a++V@AXQOP+POAXMNPYOP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km 6\+AXQPOR+Y@AR+++M[ )Q+NRS\P]L+QR+VJ@Y@AOPML+VJLWKLMR+:==+ mm 2 WL+XQP[R3 Jd=`=F ad=`=GC )Q+VJ@VPWRO@?+^RMN@JR+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 0,95 +W\PKLAP+ tgϕ = 0,32 .O@WLOKL[+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL+3 ∆u kpo 2− kpo1 = 0,11%

12

9;H;:+5J@YKLJR+VRA@YR+ORV@OR+@A++#5&>+A@+#5& 1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR+WR+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R+P+PQ@\R]PK@[+@A+X[JLQLO@? V@\PLNP\LOR+AP[LOQPKR+b:a:==h9H=c+ mm 2 +@A+#5&>+A@+#5&+PQO@WP+>9+[;5@A VJLNV@WNRYM@[+AR+WX+OR+@YRK+MRS\+VJPM\KX]LOR+>+Q?JRAR+WR+KLAO@YJL[LO@[+WOR?@[ Pj 2 z = 94494W 5RA+ORV@OR+PQ[LfX+#5&>++P+#5&++WL+JR]XOR+V@+PQJRQX 100 Pj 2 z (r + xtgα )l ∆u kpo1− kpo = U n2 ?AKL+WX3 6+J++V@AXQOP+@[WMP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km 6+a++V@AXQOP+POAXMNPYOP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km 6\+AXQPOR+Y@AR+++M[ )Q+NRS\P]L+QR+VJ@Y@AOPML+VJLWKLMR+:==+ mm 2 WL+XQP[R3 Jd=`=F ad=`=GC )Q+VJ@VPWRO@?+^RMN@JR+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 0,95 +W\PKLAP+ tgϕ = 0,32 .O@WLOKL[+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL+3 ∆u kpo1− kpo = 0,062%

9;H;H+5J@YKLJR+VRA@YR+ORV@OR+@A++#5&+A@+8%& 1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR+WR+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R+P+57*+PQ@\R]PK@[++AP[LOQPKR+F mm 2 +@A+#5&+A@+8%&+PQO@WP+9=+[;5@A+VJLNV@WNRYM@[+AR+WX+OR+@YRK+MRS\+VJPM\KX]LOR+: WNROR+WR+KLAO@YJL[LO@[+WOR?@[ Pj3s = 24077 W 5RA+ORV@OR+PQ[LfX+#5&++P+8%&++WL+JR]XOR+V@+PQJRQX 100 Pjs (r + xtgα )l ∆u kpo − mro = U n2 ?AKL+WX3 6+J++V@AXQOP+@[WMP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km 6+a++V@AXQOP+POAXMNPYOP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km 6\+AXQPOR+Y@AR+++M[ )Q+NRS\P]L+QR+VJ@Y@AOPML+VJLWKLMR+>F+ mm 2 WL+XQP[R3 Jd>`>H ad=`=C )Q+VJ@VPWRO@?+^RMN@JR+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 0,95 +W\PKLAP+ tgϕ = 0,32 .O@WLOKL[+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL+3 ∆u kpo −mro = 0,38%

13

9;H;<+5J@YKLJR+VRA@YR+ORV@OR+@A+++8%&+A@+%& 1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR+WR+SRMRJOP[+VJ@Y@AOP]P[R+P+57*+PQ@\R]PK@[++AP[LOQPKR+9[;5@A+VJLNV@WNRYM@[+AR+WX+OR+@YRK+MRS\+VJPM\KX]LO+>+WNRO WR+KLAO@YJL[LO@[+WOR?@[ Pj1s = 12272W 5RA+ORV@OR+PQ[LfX++8%&+P+%&+WL+JR]XOR+V@+PQJRQX 100 Pjs (r + xtgα )l ∆u mro − ro = U n2 ?AKL+WX3 6+J++V@AXQOP+@[WMP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km 6+a++V@AXQOP+POAXMNPYOP+@NV@J+++ Ω / km 6\+AXQPOR+Y@AR+++M[ )Q+NRS\P]L+QR+VJ@Y@AOPML+VJLWKLMR+F+ mm 2 WL+XQP[R3 Jd9`CI ad=`> )Q+VJ@VPWRO@?+^RMN@JR+WOR?L+ cos ϕ = 0,95 +W\PKLAP+ tgϕ = 0,32 .O@WLOKL[+SJ@KOPT+YJPKLAO@WNP+A@SPKR+WL+3 ∆u mro −ro = 0,3% + 9;H;<+5J@YKLJR+VRA@YR+ORV@OR+X+WNROX 5RA+ORV@OR+QR+[@O@^RQOR+M@\R+WL+JR]XOR+VJL[R+PQJRQX3 2 *100 Pi * r * l ∆u = U n2 DR+NJ@^RQOR+M@\R+WL+JR]XOR+PQ+PQJRQR3 100 Pi * r * l ∆u = U n2 6 Pi +POWNR\PWROR+WOR?R 5J@YKLJR+VRAR+ORV@OR++[@QL+WL+PQYLWNP+QR+ORK+OLV@Y@\KOPKP++W\X]RKORKXAR\KLOPKL+XNP]O]L @VNLJL]LOL+WR+5d99==i+M@KX+ORVRKR+Y@A+AXQPOL+9=[+ÀP[LOQPKR+:a9`<; 2 *100 * 2200 * 7,2 * 0,02 ∆u = = 1,3% 220 2 DR+@WYKLN\KLOKL3 2 *100 * 600 * 11,9 * 0,02 ∆u = = 0,59% 220 2 .MXVRO+VRA+ORV@OR+@A+$2+A@+ORKXAR\KLOPKL?+V@NJ@WR]R+PQO@WP3 ∆u = ∆ ts − kpo 2 + ∆u kpo 2− kpo1 + ∆u kpo1− kpo + ∆u kpo − mro + ∆u mro − ro + ∆u ro − p ∆u = 0,315 + 0,11 + 0,062 + 0,38 + 0,3 + 1,3 = 2,467% +bQR+XNP]OP]Lc ∆u = 0,315 + 0,11 + 0,62 + 0,38 + 0,3 + 0,59 = 2,315% +bQR+@WYKLN\KLOKLc 1@QY@\KLOP+VRA+ORV@OR+QR+@WYKLN\KLOKL+KL+:j+`QR+@WNR\@+
14

:;+5J@JR]XO+WNJXKR+MJRNMPT+WV@KLYR+P+VJ@YKLJR+QRWNPNL +++++++++++++++++++

++++:;>+#JRNRM+WV@K+OR+$2

5@ARNR]P+@+NJROW^@J[RN@JX+M@KP+ORVRKR+Q?JRAX+WX3 F:=+M7-+l+>=B=;H9+M7BM7+l+ PCun = 6.5kW +l+ PFe 0 = 1.3kW +l+ u k = 6% P u r = Cun 100 = 1.03% +++++++l u x u 2k − u 2r = 5.91% Sn +%LQPWNROWR+NJROW^@J[RN@JR+PQO@WP3 P R T = Cun 2 = 2.62mΩ  Sn     Un  %LRMNROWR+NJROW^@J[RN@JR+PQO@WP3 u x U 2n XT = = 15mΩ 100S n )[VLAROWR+MJRNM@?+WV@KR+JR]XOR+WL+VJL[R+PQJRQX3 Z d = R T2 + X T2 = 15.2mΩ 2NJXKR+NJ@V@\O@?+MJRNM@?+WV@KR+WL+JR]XOR+VJL[R+PQJRQX3 U I 3pks = nfd Z I 3pks =

220 = 14kA 0.0152

5@WN@+KL+QR+@WP?XJR]+ I o = 335A bNPV+(c+`X+$2`+WNJXKR+VJLMPAR+MJRNM@?+WV@KR <=+M-m+ I 3pks = 14kA QOR]P+AR+@WP?XJR]+QRA@Y@\KRYR+XW\@Y+QR+VJLMPA+MJRNM@?+WV@KR;

:;9+#JRNRM+WV@K+OR+8%& %LQPWNROWR+P+JLRMNROWROWR++NJROW^@J[RN@JR+PQO@WL3 R T = 2.62mΩ +l+ X T = 15mΩ (X\NR+JLRMNROWR+P+JLQPWNROWR+NJROW^@J[RN@JR+WL+A@SPKX+PQ3 +

R TO = R T +l+ X TO = X T

1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR` (3x 300 + 240)mm 2 `+@A+$2+A@+#5&+KL+HC[;

15

%LQPWNROWR+P+JLRMNROWROWR++Y@AR+b$26#5&c+PQO@WL3 R V1 = 2.94mΩ +l+ X V1 = 3.871mΩ R V10 = R V1 + 3 ⋅ R N = 2.94 + 3 ⋅ 0.07 ⋅ 0.049 = 13.23mΩ X V10 = 3 ⋅ X V1 = 11,6mΩ 1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR` (5x16)mm 2 `+@A+#5&+A@+8%&+KL+9=[; %LQPWNROWR+P+JLRMNROWROWR++Y@AR+b#5&68%&c+PQO@WL3 R V 2 = 22.8mΩ +l+ X V 2 = 1.8mΩ R V 20 = 1.86 ⋅ R V 2 = 42.4mΩ +l+ X V 20 = 17 ⋅ X V 2 = 30.6mΩ .MXVOL+P[VLAROWL+PQO@WL3 Z d = Z dT + Z dV1 + Z dV 2 Z 0 = Z 0T + Z 0V1 + Z 0V 2 Zd = Zi Z d = (28 + j21) = mΩ Z 0 = (58 + j31) = mΩ 2NJXKR+KLAO@V@\O@?+MJRNM@?+WV@KR+WL+JR]XOR+V@+PQJRQX3 I 1 pks = I 1 pks =

3 ⋅ U nf Z + Zi + Z0 d

3 ⋅ 220 = 4880 A 0.135

)Q+APKR?JR[R+b)`Nc+QR+@WP?XJR]+X+#5&bNPV+1+ I o = 60A c`WL+YPAP+AR+]L+@WP?XJR]+JLR?@YRNP+QR Nd d=;==9+W+`WN@+KL+[ROKL+@A+VJ@VPWROPT+=;HW;DOR]P+AR+@WP?XJR]+QRA@Y@\KRYR+XW\@YL;

:;:+#JRNRM+WV@K+OR+%& 1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR` (5x 6)mm 2 `+@A+8%&+A@+%&+KL+>9[; +%LQPWNROWR+P+JLRMNROWROWR++Y@AR+b8%&6%&c+PQO@WL3 R V 3 = 35mΩ +l+ X V 3 = 1.2mΩ

16

R V 30 = R V 3 + 3 ⋅ R N = 4 ⋅ R V 3 = 140mΩ X V 30 = 3 ⋅ X V 3 = 3.6mΩ .MXVOL+P[VLAROWL+PQO@WL3 Z d = Z dT + Z dV1 + Z dV 2 + Z dV 3 Z 0 = Z 0T + Z 0V1 + Z 0V 2 + Z 0V 3 Zd = Zi Z d = (63 + j22)mΩ Z 0 = (198 + j34)mΩ 2NJXKR+KLAO@V@\O@?+MJRNM@?+WV@KR+WL+JR]XOR+V@+PQJRQX3 I 1 pks = I 1 pks =

3U nf Zd + Zi + Z0 3 ⋅ 220 = 1980 A 0.333

)Q+APKR?JR[R+b)`Nc+QR+@WP?XJR]+X+8%&bNPV+1+ I o = 25A c`WL+YPAP+AR+]L+@WP?XJR]+JLR?@YRNP+QR Nd=;==9W+`WN@+KL+[ROKL+@A+VJ@VPWROPT+=;HW;DOR]P+AR+@WP?XJR]+QRA@Y@\KRYR+XW\@YL;

:;H+#JRNRM+WV@K+OR+V@NJ@WR]P[R 5@W[RNJR]L[@+ORKMJPNP]OPKP+W\X]RK`QR+ORKXAR\KLOPKP+V@NJ@WR]; 1XQPOR+MRS\@YWM@?+Y@AR` (3 x1,5)mm 2 ÒRKXAR\KLOPKL?+V@NJ@WR]R+KL+9=[; +%LQPWNROWR+P+JLRMNROWROWR++V@NJ@WR]M@?+Y@AR+PQO@WL3 RV 4 = 238mΩ +l+ X V 3 = 4.34mΩ RV 40 = RV 4 + 3 ⋅ R N = 4 ⋅ RV 4 = 952mΩ X V 40 = 3 ⋅ X V 4 = 14mΩ .MXVOL+P[VLAROWL+PQO@WL3 Z d = Z Td + Z Vd1 + Z Vd 2 + Z Vd 3 + Z Vd 4 Z 0 = Z T0 + Z V01 + Z V0 2 + Z V0 3 + Z V0 4

17

Zd = Zi Z d = (302 + j 27)mΩ Z 0 = (952 + j 48)mΩ 2NJXKR+KLAO@V@\O@?+MJRNM@?+WV@KR+WL+JR]XOR+V@+PQJRQX3 I 1 pks =

3U nf

Z + Zi + Z0 3 ⋅ 220 I 1 pks = = 423 A 1.558 .+%&+WX+X?JRfLOP+RXN@[RNWMP+@WP?XJR]P+NPVR+/;DR+@WP?XJR]+ I 0 = 10 A +PQ+b)`Nc+APKR?JR[R @]PNR[@+YJPKL[L+JLR?@YROKR+Nd=;=9W+WN@+KL+[ROKL+@A+A@QY@\KLOPT+=;HW;DOR]P+AR+@WP?XJR]P QRA@Y@\KRYRKX+XW\@YL+V@+VPNROKX+QRWNPNL; d

18

H;25!*),)#-*)0-+8-$!%)0-"DR+KLARO+WNRO3

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ +M@[; >;JRQY@AOR+NRS\R EEEEEEEEEEE;; E+++> 9;L\;SJ@KP\@ EEEEEEEEEEEEEE;;;+++> :;RXN@[RNWMP+@WP?XJR]P>=-; EEEE; E;; E;;;;;+++: H;RXN@[RNWMP+@WP?XJR]P>F- EEEEEEEE;++>< H;[@O@^RQOR+XNP]OP]R EEEEEEEEEE;+++>: <;[@O@^RQOR+XNP]OP]R+AXV\R E; EEEEEEE++9 F;NJ@^RQOR+XNP]OP]R EEEEEEEEEEE;;;+++> G;KLAO@V@\OP+VJLMPAR] EEEEEEEEEE;;+++< I;AY@V@\OP+VJLMPAR] EEEEEEEEEEE;+++< C;VJLMPAR]+QR+MXVRNP\@ EEEEEEEEEE;;+++> >=;QRWNPNPOP+XJfRK+AP^LJLO]PKR\OL+QRWNPNL EE;;; E;;++> >>;QY@O]L; EEEEEEEEEEEEEEE;++> >9;NRWNLJ+QY@O]R EEEEEEEEEEEEE+++> >:;VJ@Y@AOPM+556g+:a9`< EEEEEEEEE;+9==[ >H;VJ@Y@AOPM+556g+:a>`< EEEEEEEEE;++F=[

19

Elektricne Instalacije i Osvetljenje

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