Panlaqui, John Christian D. ME-302 TTh 6:05-7:35
In our mo!rn "!n!ration, #! ar! !$%!ri!n&in" 'arious (ins o) %h!nom!non that ar! alarmin"l* o&&urrin" in most %la&!s o) Earth. +om! o) th!m ar! th! El ino, a ina an +outh!rn s&illation. Th!s! %h!nom!na ar! &limati& !'!nts ori"inatin" in th! tro%i&al Pa&i)i& that r!&ur !'!r* )!# *!ars as %art o) a naturall*-o&&urrin" &*&l!. +u&h !'!nts ar! a &ons!qu!n&! o) stron" an !$t!nsi'! int!ra&tions /!t#!!n th! o&!an an atmos%h!r!. Th!* ar! asso&iat! #ith #i!s%r!a &han"!s in th! &limat! s*st!m that last s!'!ral months, an &an l!a to si"ni)i&ant so&ioso&io-!&on !&onomi omi&& im%a&t im%a&tss a))!& a))!&tin tin" " in)ras in)rastr tru&t u&tur! ur!,, a"ri&u a"ri&ultu ltur!, r!, h!alth h!alth an !n!r"* !n!r"* s!&tor s!&torss )or !$am%l!. !$am%l!. El io an a ia !%iso!s t*%i&all* t*%i&all* last last nin! to 12 months, /ut som! %rolon"! %rolon"! !'!nts ma* last )or *!ars. hil! th!ir )r!qu!n&* &an /! quit! irr!"ular, El io an a ia !'!nts o&&ur on a'!ra"! !'!r* t#o to s!'!n *!ars. T*%i&all*, El io o&&urs mor! )r!qu!ntl* than a ia.
El io io m!ans m!ans The Litt Little le Boy Boy, or Christ Christ Child Child in in +%anis +%anish. h. El io io #as ori"in ori"inall all* * r!&o"ni! /* )ish!rm!n o)) th! &oast o) +outh 4m!ri&a in th! 1600s, #ith th! a%%!aran&! o) unusuall* #arm #at!r in th! Pa&i)i& &!an. Th! nam! #as &hos!n /as! on th! tim! o) *!ar aroun D!&!m/!r urin" #hi&h th!s! #arm #at!rs !'!nts t!n! to o&&ur. Th! t!rm El io r!)!rs to th! lar"!-s&al! o&!an-atmos%h!r! &limat! int!ra&tion lin(! to a %!rioi& #armin" in s!a sur)a&! sur)a&! t!m%!ratur t!m%!ratur!s !s a&ross th! &!ntral &!ntral an !ast-&!ntr !ast-&!ntral al Equatorial Equatorial Pa&i)i&. T*%i&al T*%i&al El io !))!&ts ar! li(!l* to !'!lo% o'!r orth 4m!ri&a urin" th! u%&omin" #int!r s!ason.
4n El io !'!nt &an start in s!'!ral #a*s, usuall* #ith th! s!a sur)a&! t!m%!ratur! rais! sli"htl* in th! &!ntral!ast Pa&i)i&. Th! in&r!as! s!a sur)a&! t!m%!ratur! in)lu!n&!s th! atmos%h!ri& #ins, #hi&h in turn in)lu!n&! th! u%%!r o&!an an th! th!rmo&lin! su&h that th! s!a sur)a&! t!m%!ratur! is in&r!as! )urth!r - a %ositi'! )!!/a&(. h!n &onitions ar! )a'ora/l!, this )!!/a&( "!n!rat!s an El io !'!nt.
T*%i&all*, it &om!s aroun !'!r* )i'! *!ars an #hat usuall* ha%%!ns is that #armin" in th! o&!ans &aus! /* th! #ins l!as to i))usion o) this #armin" all o'!r th! "lo/!. It &han"!s atmos%h!ri& %r!ssur!s #ith &ons!qu!n&!s )or rain)all, #in %att!rns, s!a sur)a&! t!m%!ratur!s an &an som!tim!s ha'! a %ositi'!, an som!tim!s a n!"ati'! !))!&t on thos! s*st!ms. In Euro%! )or !$am%l!, El io r!u&!s th! instan&!s o) hurri&an!s in th! 4tlanti&. Mil #int!r t!m%!ratur!s o'!r #!st!rn Canaa an north #!st!rn 8+4, a/o'! a'!ra"! %r!&i%itation in th! 9ul) Coast, in&luin" loria an a ri!r than a'!ra"! %!rio in hio an %a&i)i& north#!st ar! som! o) its !))!&ts.
a ia m!ans The Little Girl in +%anish. a ia is also som!tim!s &all! El ;i!a ia> is th! t!rm ao%t! )or !%iso!s o) &ool!r-than-normal s!a sur)a&! t!m%!ratur! in th! !quatorial Pa&i)i&. a ia is som!tim!s r!)!rr! to as th! &ol %has! o) E+ an El io as th! #arm %has! o) E+. Th!s! !'iations )rom normal sur)a&! t!m%!ratur!s &an ha'! lar"!s&al! im%a&ts not onl* on o&!an %ro&!ss!s, /ut also on "lo/al #!ath!r an &limat!.
4 a ia !'!nt &an aris! similarl*. It is &aus! /* a /uil-u% o) &ool!r-than-normal #at!rs in th! tro%i&al Pa&i)i&, th! ar!a o) th! Pa&i)i& &!an /!t#!!n th! Tro%i& o) Can&!r an th! Tro%i& o) Ca%ri&orn. 8nusuall* stron", !ast#ar-mo'in" tra! #ins an o&!an &urr!nts /rin" this &ol #at!r to th! sur)a&!, a %ro&!ss (no#n as u%#!llin". I also a))!&t atmos%h!ri& %r!ssur! an t!m%!ratur!, rain)all an o&!an t!m%!ratur!. Els!#h!r! in th! #orl, ar!as that ar! a))!&t! /* a ia !$%!ri!n&! th! o%%osit! o) th! !))!&ts they experience with El Niño.
?
+tron"!r
#ins
alon"
?
D!&r!as!
?
T!m%!ratur!s ar! a/o'! a'!ra"! in th! south!ast an /!lo# a'!ra"! in th! north#!st
?
Conitions ar! mor! )a'oura/l! )or hurri&an!s in th! Cari//!an an &!ntral 4tlanti& ar!a
?
9r!at!r instan&!s o) tornaos in thos! stat!s o) th! 8+ alr!a* 'uln!ra/l! to th!m
&on'!&tion
th! in
th!
!quatorial
r!"ion,
!s%!&iall*
Pa&i)i&
l!ain"
to
a
in
#!a(!r
th!
Pa&i)i&
str!am
El io an a ia ar! o%%osit! %has!s o) #hat is (no#n as th! El Niño-Southern Oscillation E+ &*&l!. Th! E+ &*&l! is a s&i!nti)i& t!rm that !s&ri/!s th! )lu&tuations in t!m%!ratur! /!t#!!n th! o&!an an atmos%h!r! in th! !ast-&!ntral Equatorial Pa&i)i& a%%ro$imat!l*
/!t#!!n
th!
Int!rnational
Dat!
in!
an
120
!"r!!s
!st.
Durin" E+ !'!nts th! &han"!s in s!a sur)a&! t!m%!ratur! &aus! an ar! in)lu!n&! /* &han"!s in atmos%h!ri& &ir&ulation i.!. #in an %r!ssur! %att!rns an in t!m%!ratur! an rain)all. Throu"h atmos%h!ri& *nami&s, th!s! atmos%h!ri& &han"!s !$t!n #!ll /!*on th! tro%i&al Pa&i)i& r!"ion. Th! 4tlanti& an Inian o&!ans ar! also a))!&t!, #hi&h in turn !$t!ns an %rolon"s th! im%a&ts. Th! !))!&ts 'ar* &onsi!ra/l* #ith s!ason an lo&ation.
Curr!ntl*, El ino an a ina ar! th! t#o most %o#!r)ul %h!nom!na on th! sur)a&! o) th! Earth. It &an &aus! si"ni)i&ant !))!&t an alt!r th! &limat! o) hal) th! %lan!t Earth. In th! Phili%%in!s )or !$am%l!, th! !$tr!m! %has!s o) th! E+ %h!nom!non ha'! a stron" moulatin" !))!&t on s!asonal rain)all, #ith El io o)t!n asso&iat! #ith rou"ht an str!ss!s on #at!r r!sour&!s an a"ri&ultur!, #hil! &ol !'!nts or a ia o)t!n r!sult in !$&!ssi'! rain)all. El io r!lat! rou"ht !'!nts in th! Phili%%in!s &aus!s !"raation o) soil #hi&h &oul l!a to !s!rtli(! &onitions i) %!rsist!nt, isru%tion o) normal human a&ti'iti!s, mi"ration to ur/an &ommuniti!s, human an h!alth %ro/l!ms, )oo shorta"!s, si"ni)i&ant r!u&tion in th! %rou&ti'it* an su/s!qu!nt r!'!nu! o) 'arious inustri!s, an &an a))!&t h*ro-!l!&tri& %o#!r "!n!ration. n th! oth!r han, im%a&ts o) a ia on Phili%%in! &limat! in&lu! anomali!s in rain)all, t!m%!ratur! an tro%i&al &*&lon! a&ti'iti!s. Durin" a ia &onitions, ma
Th! su!n &han"!s in th! #!ath!r %att!rns all o'!r th! #orl su&h as th! El ino an th! a ina %h!nom!na ar! all ini&ators that 9lo/al armin" is &han"in" th! #orl. It is tim! )or th! !ntir! &ountr* to start a&tin" to r!u&! th! r!l!as! o) harm)ul &h!mi&als in th! air. Th! &ountri!s shoul
