= N=, , =N=, = d=4, E D*/3 %& J&35$*34/ = = >C= >=<=< < J&3?3 & C*34/: N< >N< jP C d= <= d= (. ! 1, 14). jP CN = C < <= d=. d= C <= C <. E< P <<, N= << jP C N< L< P< =< C $. c== H= <= d=, <= DN d= == C $ =, <N< ?C, P< <, <N < jC= C >C<= C<< <, <= C> N<. E D*/3 %& J&35$*34/ >, J =<<, =<N< < C C<=, C=, =C= jC= < < =C< : Sc= < d=, $ ==>===T. =<N<, ?C C< < < , < =<= = A<C= "CD= <=. c== > LC= =, C< = =<N< < <. d L ?C >= J >=< >>= jP P<= d= D= =< == =N<, =< = =< = C, = ?C <C, < <<N< d=, >N= == C<= = (. ! 12, 29). $= =, = L= D ==L L >N< >= d= C <=. =J A?C<= >C= ?C 4. $ C<<N< =N >C<= > N=, < > >=C<N< >CD CN< d=, ><= C= =< C= L ==L >=D '<. c. D"3 A#3/54& * %& G&3$*$4&. P*/3/0*& 5% T&//*& %& G&3$*$4& * %& 30;4 0*/3/0*& S$&*3, !< 1965.
iV
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L >< d=, ?C N= =C>L >= C<= C< C< N< =< d= == C =< (ST i, ?.1, .3 1; . .7). d L ?C = C N< =< d=, >= =<> C = = >D= C d=. =J L: SA C == = ==LT. ==L ><, < == = ==, < =<= = d=. E >N< =N <= , < == C<=, << C<= D. =J A?C<= CN, < =<=<< =< = N< >L, J < <=?C =N=. !=N ?C , , >< N< C<=, <= =< < ?C, >=, >= = >, <= < =<=<= d= (ST i, ?.1, .4, .; i-ii, ?.3, .1). E= < = ?C ' EC: S D < =< < =: < ?C =<=< , P<= d= D=, jC=, C <= =N< C<=. S'N= d= T, L WD. >N< >= d= > L, < C=< > >= =<= d=, C< L >= =L ==L; = >= >N< >= = >= C . E= P= <C <=. E >N< >= d= >C = ?C = CN< d= =<C, < , C< = === N< == = =C= C<= C< N< >=< = =< d= ?C = $ == $ == = =. S'D d= <T (SdC D < T). AL >C, =<N< d= jC= == P<= d= D= <= > C< DN< N C<=. "= =< >= ?C d= , ?C P<= ==>===. < d= <= > N= =<<= (S ?C CT), <= < < == C< = >=< (S ?C CT) ?C <= = C= = L== <= =< P<= d= DD= D= > <<= ><<, =-
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= =N< < C?C CN< D, <=<= < = =, ><>< < = < ==5. E< C<= == ><= ?C C= == d= (' 27, 8; 42, 3) = =<== =<C<. 'N= < < = D= (1 c= 13, 12); N= <=< = =<== S == T (1 j< 3, 2). $= =, =N= > C< >< >< (ST i-ii, ?.1, .6). >= = ==L = >C<, == <N<, ?C << > = < (""**4"3) C< >= d= == C<<= <= P=. ==L = = =, =< C=C< ==L, ?C < >= > C<= D < d=, C< DD S dC <=< CT. E< C< CN< == C, < ?C >= > CC= C<= < C= < >=<=, <L CN> D< =<= >< =< < >C< = >=< > DD =DD, >C <, <<P< <DC=, <<P< >C=, >C DD < ><6. < >< C= C><= D, <= >< (. &= 8, 24). $= =, B d= =<= (. i 45, 15). "= ?C ?C d= < C =<D, ?C =< J< J= >= J = ?C <= ?C = ?C (ST i, ?.1, .7 1; .9 3). d=, < C DN<, J < V== <<N = E D*/3 %& J&35$*34/ < C< =CN< ==L <D =<V d= =C= < C DN<, ?C > C>= (SdC > =T) = =<>= ?C >== <= . 'P< NC A<= c<C, <= N= ?C = ?C C < >C >< ( P/3/*/, 2); 5. E =<= *<= ii >C= J >=< N= < d= < =<CN< D&* V, == < = d=. d ==, =<= CN C< >=C= ?C !L< C= =< C<< < C >=N< > LC= = (. B'EK 647-650). 6. c. . K>, !53"& 6/ H&*. R&**/ 5% %*& !5+5'4 %&3 M&3$&: i c=C<= 36 (2007) 300-315; j. H, !&*4%*"/3&, F<C .!. 2003, 27-49.
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< C>= == = ?C >< (*#*% ., 15). '=> <D =<D. A = C =>=< C< C = (d' 806). E< <=, G== " S < C<=T < ?C >N d= != < =< '<L7. E 4&//*" 6*"4/5 4&//*" &"4*6" C< D= =< <= C d= > C< L ==L, ><< == D=CN< S ?CT, == N< D =<D= S T, ?C <=< =<=< < < =< >P=. c=< << L, ==L DC << C<= = J J == = D C?C >=L= = == <=. ==L J >= D ?C (. j< 8, 32). E J = C= = d= P < < ==L. I, =<= *<= ii, = =C > <= <N< =N. dC< >= >=, ?CJ = <= < = i = >== d=. H< C, ?C <CN ==L = == <<P< ==, CN D = C<: = i, <= = < i. =<== < = == Si <T, = < == C>= c= = E>LC '<=. $= i D <= d=, <= C< >=D=<. cC<=, <, d= S== < = =T (1 c= 15, 28), i == <CN< J . $= = d C >D< >< < C< <=<= i8. $= C= ?C ==L < < >= D i, <= ?C C C< i ?C =< = L . = = i =< D=, >= <= =< < L == < ; =< D= >=?C < < ?C, >= < =, < d= (ST i-ii, ?.1, .1; .2; .6). d 7. G== ", V*%" %& M/*3<3, ii, 164, '< 1993. 8. H. C, C&%/. G&34"4 5% L&%*+&*4 53&&3 G"5#&3#&+&4* 3&3, E<< 1975, 132-156. '= =<=, . j. B. !, C&%/ D&5, D&/, * D&5, < K iii (1959) 86-88.
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Vii
==, =< =< >>N< < D <. < ==L D = > < ===L9, < <, ?C =<=<= =N< d=. AL =<< ?C = S-<=T, , <= =<= J J L =. E< >= >== >< = >=< i =< C = < ===L P > D >= S= ><=T ==L. E >>D >C < > C< D =<=D =< N< &=. ' ==L < ===L ?C D = < =N< >=<, = < ?C N< >= i, < P< =< N, D << < d=, < <C < =<>N< >=< . N< < =< d= <= =<< V=N< C< < =<=D =NV. ' C< < <, < ?C <= =C<= < =< d=, >= <= = =< < d= >=, C< >= >= S<===T i < == C >=. $= P=, ===L >= C< CC =N; <> , =, < = <=< C == <=, ?C M < ><, >> = < S< d =CT (ST i, ?.1, .2). E < >< = S=T =N, =DL C<. $= =, < d= C< < ===, N< =N < >=C < L. ==L, ?C <M =>< =< = >=C<, <= C L=, <= ==. A>= C < <=, C= ><, =< = C = ?C = = d= = (i<=, A%6. "&. i*, 20, 7). d L ?C =, >= > d= =, d=, J =<<, d= jC=. 9. AL H. . D=< B, E. '<, . $<<<, G. <, A. K == N== =<. c. j. dC, . Sd=== ii-iiiT, < K iii (1995) 355.
Viii
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2. '#B&E A &EAciY" E"&E FE &AY" >C< = N= >== = d= jC= C< < =>< <= >< C< >< >= >=, <= C< >= =N= =<= ?C ?C < C= =<>C. ?C ==L <= =, <= C< C= J=, = <, >== N= = d=; C= <= P< =< < C< <C< < =<= d=. c== =-=L, N, = , C< C= ?C C< =< >=<< d= (43). "= >< C, <= == C= L= = d= > =< < = N== =. $ ==L <, C< = =< d= (/*+& "4&*", "4*/"& /#3&5*5: &= 12, 1), ?C = C< ("0//*") < (1 $ 3, 15). $= =, >= < C <N< ( '*%&3 5"&&3 *4&&$45) C D= > = N< =N10. E <= < >=< >C< L=. d L ?C N< <= >C C > L = < >C ==L . ' > C< =<< C C<, ?C = < < >C< C< C . $= = ==L C (5& '*%&*); <= << == =C<=, <= == C<N< (*5*"4*/) N<. "= >< C< >CD= = >J= C< <= C ==, < > ==DN< <, <= C=CN< , C< *4&&$453 '*%&*, C< =><N< < C N, < C D, N <<, ?C > C= > =< ?C= ?C >=<< < C= C =<<=. 10. FC<<= < ACL<, = == =< NC S< C , C <T ('= 43, 7, 9). ><>= C =C= <D< > =J >= A<= c<C, P/3/*/, 1. 'P< BC<D<C, < =N S =< >=T (S&4. P//&., ?. 1). ==L S C C <T. E= <= < ?C N< C >< ; >= = ?C < =<= ?C ?C< : Sd =<T. ==L << L =<C= == ?C >=C (SC =CT) (*#*%., ?.2).
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i
= $ i ==< C == >=C=. i<=< <= d= VD= != < ?C L (E 3, 14)V =< <=N< d= < ==L <>= ?C D C<; >= = d= , d= AJ<, i j=, d= = N== <= =< <=, == > C>=< < B $, <= ?C < =< = P<= d=. DN< A<C= <=, S&045"*4", C >C< > <N<. CL NC DN< S'= A<T V , ?C J =< D=== C<= D===V >= S= = ?C =T. ' = L >= ?C CN C<< > <= >== ==L11. E <N< C C=< <= >= ==L == >= ==L >=<. E< = M= 70 ><>= = 80, C<= >N E D*/3 %& J&35$*34/, =<= =< CN< =< L= <. $= =, >= =< =< =C> < >= < E D*/3 %& J&35$*34/. HL ?C C J, =< < =<CD=, >=J N< <= C <>N< =<, <= ?C >; >= > < J =<< d= < <= DN< C <= < < N< <=< Sd= =T (1 j< 4, 8.16). $= =, 11. E = ?C >C= j=> &< < C N< <CC B=<< < 1959: D& G/44 %&3 G"5#&3 5% %& G/44 %& P*/3/0&. E* B&*4" 5 P/#& %& T&//*" "45"*3, 32006. E< C =<< &=< (FC .B. 2006), <= >> B<= *i, <N < >C<=. c. < =<< > < Q<<: !534*5 5 D"+&. V/ %& U&;33*$+&*4 %& M&4"03*+ '@ %*& S"$& %& T&//*&, < % 169 (1989) 257-271, LC= G"5#& 5% V&5'4. !@ 0/4&34"4*3$& D*3+533*/ 5 %*& R&&3#5 & V/&35 6/ P"034 B&&%*+4 Vi , < ' 132 (2007) 219-228. 12. E< >=, = == . $O>> C L>C= < == >= C C< ><<=: E>353"5#& 5% F&*&*43&3$*$4&, !Q<< 1991; F&*&*4 "3 0*/3/0*3$&3 P**0 %& D/"4*+ , < E. '=<= $. , D/" 5% G"5#& (FS W"4& K"30&), !< 1993, 165-192; E6"&*5 5% '&*& V&5'4. K/45& &*& 4&//*3$& H&&&54*+ , FC .B. 2001.