Experiment # 1 The SCR and RC phase control Student Name: _________________ _________________ Student ID: ____________________ ____________________ Date: _________________________ _________________________ Score: Reading: Timothy, Modern Industrial Electronics , Chapter 4, Section 4-1 to 4-5
O!ecti"es: 1. Testing an SCR SCR with ohmmeter ohmmeter.. 2. Understandin Understanding g the gate triggeri triggering ng modes of SCR SCR (the spp!y spp!y "o!tage "o!tage is #C $ %. Understandin Understanding g the gate triggeri triggering ng modes of SCR SCR (the spp!y spp!y "o!tage "o!tage is &C $
pparatus: -
'ower spp!y nit )-51**1
-
+so!ation Transformer )-5**2 sci!!oscope
-
od!e )-5%**%
-
#na!og !timeter
-
sci!!oscope
Summar$ o% theor$: The si!icon-contro!!ed recti/er (SCR$ is the most important thyristor in the fami!y of '0'0 de"ices. +t was de"e!oped y enera! 3!ectric in 15. The SCR acts as a switch in an #C power contro! circit. The SCR is a '0'0 for-!ayer de"ice ha"ing three termina!s6 anode (#$, cathode ($, and gate ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
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($. +n most contro! app!ications, the contro! signa! is app!ied etween the gate and the cathode whi!e the !oad is connected to either the anode or the cathode in series. 7hen the gate is open and a forward "o!tage is app!ied etween the anode and cathode (termina! # is positi"e with respect to termina! $, the SCR is in o8 state de to the asence of ase crrents of transistors 91 and 92. The two conditions mst e met to /re an SCR. They are6 1. #node "o!tage "o!tage sho!d sho!d e positi"e positi"e with with respect respect to the cathode. cathode. 2. ate "o!tage "o!tage sho!d sho!d e positi"e positi"e with with respect respect to the cathode. cathode. The gate ga te has no contro! o"er o"e r the SCR once it goes into condction. Trn-o8 mst e achie"ed in the anode-to-cathode circit. There are three ways in which trn-o8, or commtation as it is common!y ca!!ed, can e achie"ed y6 y6 1. re"ersing re"ersing the anode-to-catho anode-to-cathode de "o!tage: "o!tage: 2. redcing redcing the anode anode crrent crrent e!ow the ho!ding ho!ding crrent crrent !e"e!: !e"e!: %. ;orci ;orcing ng crrent crrent in the anode circit circit in the re"erse direct direction. ion. 7hen 7hen a sin sinso soid ida! a! "o!t "o!tag age e sor sorce ce is sed, sed, tr trn-o8 n-o8 of the the SCR SCR occ occrs rs atomatica!!y at the end of each positi"e ha!f cyc!e of app!ied "o!tage. 7hen a dc or nidirectiona! "o!tage sorce is sed, the anode crrent mst e interrpted or a passi"e energy storage e!ement is sed to attempt to force force crre crrent nt throg throgh h the anode anode circi circitt in the re"ers re"erse e direct direction ion,, which which re"erses
the
anode
"o!tage.
Since
the
SCR
is
a
'0'0
<nction
semicondctor strctre, a minimm time is re=ired for the charges to re"erse at the <nction after condction has een interrpted. This time inter"a! is ca!!ed the trn-o8 time of the SCR. The trn-o8 time t o8 for for SCRs is typica!!y 1* to 1** µS.
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($. +n most contro! app!ications, the contro! signa! is app!ied etween the gate and the cathode whi!e the !oad is connected to either the anode or the cathode in series. 7hen the gate is open and a forward "o!tage is app!ied etween the anode and cathode (termina! # is positi"e with respect to termina! $, the SCR is in o8 state de to the asence of ase crrents of transistors 91 and 92. The two conditions mst e met to /re an SCR. They are6 1. #node "o!tage "o!tage sho!d sho!d e positi"e positi"e with with respect respect to the cathode. cathode. 2. ate "o!tage "o!tage sho!d sho!d e positi"e positi"e with with respect respect to the cathode. cathode. The gate ga te has no contro! o"er o"e r the SCR once it goes into condction. Trn-o8 mst e achie"ed in the anode-to-cathode circit. There are three ways in which trn-o8, or commtation as it is common!y ca!!ed, can e achie"ed y6 y6 1. re"ersing re"ersing the anode-to-catho anode-to-cathode de "o!tage: "o!tage: 2. redcing redcing the anode anode crrent crrent e!ow the ho!ding ho!ding crrent crrent !e"e!: !e"e!: %. ;orci ;orcing ng crrent crrent in the anode circit circit in the re"erse direct direction. ion. 7hen 7hen a sin sinso soid ida! a! "o!t "o!tag age e sor sorce ce is sed, sed, tr trn-o8 n-o8 of the the SCR SCR occ occrs rs atomatica!!y at the end of each positi"e ha!f cyc!e of app!ied "o!tage. 7hen a dc or nidirectiona! "o!tage sorce is sed, the anode crrent mst e interrpted or a passi"e energy storage e!ement is sed to attempt to force force crre crrent nt throg throgh h the anode anode circi circitt in the re"ers re"erse e direct direction ion,, which which re"erses
the
anode
"o!tage.
Since
the
SCR
is
a
'0'0
<nction
semicondctor strctre, a minimm time is re=ired for the charges to re"erse at the <nction after condction has een interrpted. This time inter"a! is ca!!ed the trn-o8 time of the SCR. The trn-o8 time t o8 for for SCRs is typica!!y 1* to 1** µS.
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Experiment Circuit &rocedure I 'C Suppl$(: 1. Set the range range sector sector of the ana!oge ana!oge ohmmeter ohmmeter to >1. Connec Connectt the !ac? !ead to termina! # and the red !ead to termina! . Read and record the reading indicated y the pointer. pointer. R# @ AAAAAAAAAAAAAA Ω. Re"ersing the !eads, R# @ @ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Ω. 2. Connect Connect the !ac? !ac? !ead !ead of the ana!oge ana!oge ohmmeter ohmmeter to to termina! termina! # and the red !ead to termina! . Connecting to # with a wire, read and record the resistance reading indicated y the pointer. pointer. R# @ @ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Ω. The SCR is AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA (go or no go$. Read and record the "o!tage reading on )B sca!e as the forward "o!tage drop etween the anode and cathode. B#(&C$ @ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA B. Remo"e the ana!oge m!timeter from SCR termina!s. %. Connect Connect 1-B#C 1-B#C power spp!y spp!y to mod!e )-5%**% )-5%**% throgh throgh the iso!ation transformer. transformer. The 12-B !amp is in R) soc?ets.
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)
*OR *IRIN+ *IRIN + DE,DE,- N+,E *RO. // TO 0//
4. +nsert connect connect p!gs p!gs in positions positions 2, 4 and . Trni Trning ng BR2, oser"e oser"e and record the changes of the SCR condction ang!e and !amp rightness. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. Trn BR2 to get maimm maimm condcti condction on ang!e. D@------D@------------------ degrees. Using the osci!!oscope, measre and record the "o!tage wa"eforms of B in Ta!e 1-1.
Tale 11 2+ 3a"e%orm 'record the pea4topea4 "oltage(
5)
*OR *IRIN+ *IRIN + DE,DE,- N+,E *RO. // TO 16//
E. Remo"e connect connect p!g from from position position . +nsert connect connect p!gs p!gs in positions 5, E, , and . Using the osci!!oscope, measre the "o!tage wa"eform across R). Trning Trning BR2, oser"e and record the changes of the SCR condction ang!e and !amp rightness. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
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. #d<st #d<st BR2 to get get the condcti condction on ang!e of * * degrees. degrees. easre easre and record the "o!tage wa"eforms of B Ta!e a! e 1-2. 1-2 .
Tale 17 2+ 3a"e%orm 'record the pea4topea4 "oltage(
. Remo"e the connect connect p!g p!g from position position . ser"e ser"e and record record the changes of B. 2+ 3a"e%orm 'record the pea4topea4 "oltage(
7hat made the wa"eform changesF
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&rocedure II 'DC Suppl$(: 1- Remo"e the ana!oge m!timeter ad then connect 12 B&C power spp!ies to mod!e )-5%**%. The 12 B-!amp is in R) soc?ets. 2-Trn BR1 f!!y CC7 and insert connect p!gs in position 1, %, and . %- Trn 0 the power and then oser"e and record the state of R)(!amp$. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA sing the digita! m!timeter measre and record the anode and gate "o!tages. B#@ AAAAAAAAAAA B, B@ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA B. The SCR is operating in AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA (on or o8 state$. 4- S!ow!y trning BR1 to the right, oser"e and record the state of R) (on or o8$ . 7hen the !amp !ights, measre and record the gate "o!tage. B @ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA B. The SCR is operating in AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA (on or o8$ state. 5-Using the digita! m!timeter, measre and record the anode "o!tage of the SCR. This "o!tage is the forward "o!tage drop (B;$ etween the anode and cathode of the SCR. B; @ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB. E-Trn BR1 f!!y C7. ser"e and record the states of R) and SCR. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA.Trn BR1 f!!y CC7. ser"e and record the states of R) and SCR. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 3p!ain why there is no change. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA -Remo"e the connect p!g from position 1 and then insert it ac?. ser"e and record the states of R) and SCR. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
%ter ,a 8uestions: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
1-7hat two things mst happen to case an SCR to e /red (0 state$F ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2-#fter an SCR has een /red, what e8ect does the gate signa! ha"e on the SCRF ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%-&escrie the methods sed to trn ;; SCRs in dc circits. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
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Experiment # 7 9ni!unction Transistor Characteristics
Stdent 0ame6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Stdent +&6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA &ate6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Score6 Reading: Timothy, Modern Industrial Electronics 6 Chapter 5, Sections 5-1 to 5-%
O!ecti"e: 1. Understanding the constrction and characteristics of a UGT. 2. Understanding the operation and the two transistor e=i"a!ent of a UGT. %. easring the characteristics of a UGT. 4. Constrcting and measring asic UGT app!ication circits.
pparatus: -
'ower spp!y nit ) 51**1
-
+so!ation Transformer ) 5**2
-
od!e ) 5%**1
-
#na!og m!timeter
-
&igita! m!timeter
-
sci!!oscope
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
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Summar$ o% theor$: The Uni<nction transistor (UGT$ was origina!!y ca!!ed a do!e ase diode de to the presence of two ase contacts. The interase resistance RHH is the resistance of the de"ice etween termina!s H2 and H1 when +3 @ *, and can e considered as consisting of the resistors rH1 and rH2 in series. +n e=ation form, R BB
=
r B%
+
r B 2 I E = 0
The magnitde of rH1 is typica!!y from 5 to 12 ? Ω. The resistance is fair!y distrited etween H1 and H2 when the emitter is open circited (+ 3 @ *$. &e to the position of the emitter is c!oser to the ase 2 contact than the ase 1 contact, the magnitde of rH1 is s!ight!y !arger than the r H2 "a!e. The resistance rH1 is shown as a "aria!e resistor since its magnitde wi!! "ary with emitter crrent +3. ;or eamp!e, the rH1 "a!es of 2042 UGT are 4.E ?Ω at +3 @ *, 2 ?Ω at +3 @ 1 m#, 15* Ω at +3 @ 1* m#, and 4* Ω at +3 @ 5* m#. 7ith +3 @ *, the "o!tage drop on the resistor rH1 is determined y the "o!tage-di"ider r!e6 V r B%
r = B% V B2 B% R BB I E = 0
V r =η ×V B% B 2 B% I E = 0
The intrinsic stando8 ratio of the UGT, η, is typica!!y within the range of *.5 to *..
9T characteristics: 7hen app!ied emitter "o!tage B3 is sma!!er than the pea?-point "o!tage B', the p-n <nction at the emitter is re"erse iased and on!y a sma!! !ea?age crrent +3 norma!!y Iows in the emitter. The crrent +3o sa!!y measred in µ#, corresponds "ery c!ose!y with the re"erse !ea?age crrent +Co of the
con"entiona! ipo!ar transistor. This region as indicated in the /gre is ca!!ed the cto8 region.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
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7hen the "o!tage B3 is increased, a "o!tage is reached where B3 is e=a! to the sm of the forward "o!tage drop across the p-n <nction and the "o!tage across rH1. This "o!tage is ?nown as the pea?-point "o!tage B' or /ring point "o!tage. 7hen the app!ied B3 reaches the /ring potentia! B', the diode wi!! /re and the UGT wi!! condct from the cto8 region into the negati"e resistance region. The emitter /ring potentia! is gi"en y V P =η ×V B2 B%+V D
7here the forward "o!tage drop across the diode B& is typica!!y *. B. as the emitter ase1 "o!tage greater than B' the p-n <nction is forward iased so that the ho!es are in
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
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se"era! thosand ohms and is aot se"era! hndred ohms in satration region.
Testing 9T 3ith ohmmeter: Set the ana!oge m!timeter on
% × K K
range and connect the red !ead to
the ase 2 of the UGT and !ac? !ead to the ase 1 a reading etween 5 to 12 ?Ω sho!d e otained. Re"ersing the po!arity wi!! e the same reading. This reading represents interase resistance of the UGT with +3 @ *. +f the !ac? !ead is connected to the emitter and the red !ead to the ase 1 or ase 2, the p-n <nction is forward iased y the interna! attery and the meter sho!d indicate a !ow resistance. Ths emitter termina! is !ocated. The resistance of 3-H1 is greater than the resistance of 3-H 2. Ths three termina! of the UGT are identi/ed
&rocedure: 1. Connect #C 12 B from power spp!y nit )-51**1, ) 5**2 to mod!e ) 5%**1.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
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Experiment circuit
9T characteristic measurement 2. +nsert connect p!g in 1, 4, E and positions. #d<st BR1 f!!y CC7 to otain a minimm resistance. %. Trn on the power. ser"e and record the state of )3&. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA The UGT is operating in AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA region. Using the m!timeter, measre and record the "o!tage across R11. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB. Note: ll the measurement should e on DC mode 4. easre and record the emitter "o!tage of the UGT with the m!timeter (the red !ead to 3, the !ac? !ead to 0&$. B3 @ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
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5. S!ow!y trning the BR1 to the right (C7$, oser"e the change of B3 nti! the "o!tage reading reaches a pea? "a!e and arpt!y redces to a "a!!ey "a!e. Record the pea? and "a!!ey "a!es. The pea? "a!e represents the pea? point "o!tage of the UGT and the "a!!ey "a!e is the "a!!ey point "o!tage. B'@ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA B BB @ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAB E. The !ed is AAAAAAAAAAAAA (on or o8$. The UGT sho!d operate in AAAAAAAAAAAAAA region. . Using the m!timeter, measre and record the "o!tage across R11. BR11 @ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA B . Set the da! trace osci!!oscope to >-L mode. Connect 0& of the osci!!oscope to the emitter (3$ of the UGT, CM1 inpt to the other termina! of RE, and CM2 (in"erted$ inpt to the ase 1 (H1$ of UGT. '!ot the +3-B3 cr"e as on the disp!ay of osci!!oscope in '!ot 2-1.
&lot 71 . &ecreasing BR1, oser"e and record the change of +3-B3 cr"e. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
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Conclusion:
%ter ,a 8uestions: 1-+s a Uni<nction transistor a continos!y "aria!e de"ice or a switching de"iceF 3p!ain
2-&raw the schematic symo! of a UGT and de/ne its termina!s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
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Experiment # ; 9T Oscillator and Timer Circuits
Stdent 0ame6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Stdent +&6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA &ate6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Score6 Reading: Timothy, Modern Industrial Electronics 6 Chapter 5, Sections 5-2 to 5-% O!ecti"e: 1. Understanding the operation of UGT re!aation osci!!ator circit . 2. Understanding the operation of UGT timer circit.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
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pparatus: -
'ower spp!y nit ) 51**1
-
+so!ation Transformer ) 5**2
-
od!e ) 5%**1
-
&igita! m!timeter
-
&igita! sci!!oscope
Summar$ o% theor$: The Uni<nction transistor (UGT$ was origina!!y ca!!ed a do!e ase diode de to the presence of two ase contacts. The interase resistance RHH is the resistance of the de"ice etween termina!s H2 and H1 when +3 @ *, and can e considered as consisting of the resistors rH1 and rH2 in series. +n e=ation form, R BB
=
r B%
+
r B 2 I E = 0
The magnitde of rH1 is typica!!y from 5 to 12 ? Ω. The resistance is fair!y distrited etween H1 and H2 when the emitter is open circited (+ 3 @ *$. &e to the position of the emitter is c!oser to the ase 2 contact than the ase 1 contact, the magnitde of rH1 is s!ight!y !arger than the r H2 "a!e. The resistance rH1 is shown as a "aria!e resistor since its magnitde wi!! "ary with emitter crrent +3. ;or eamp!e, the rH1 "a!es of 2042 UGT are 4.E ?Ω at +3 @ *, 2 ?Ω at +3 @ 1 m#, 15* Ω at +3 @ 1* m#, and 4* Ω at +3 @ 5* m#. 7ith +3 @ *, the "o!tage drop on the resistor rH1 is determined y the "o!tage-di"ider r!e6 V r B%
r = B% V B2 B% R BB I E = 0
V r =η ×V B% B 2 B% I E = 0
The intrinsic stando8 ratio of the UGT, η, is typica!!y within the range of *.5 to *.. 9T characteristics: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
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7hen app!ied emitter "o!tage B3 is sma!!er than the pea?-point "o!tage B', the p-n <nction at the emitter is re"erse iased and on!y a sma!! !ea?age crrent +3 norma!!y Iows in the emitter. The crrent +3o sa!!y measred in µ#, corresponds "ery c!ose!y with the re"erse !ea?age crrent +Co of the
con"entiona! ipo!ar transistor. This region as indicated in the /gre is ca!!ed the cto8 region. 7hen the "o!tage B3 is increased, a "o!tage is reached where B3 is e=a! to the sm of the forward "o!tage drop across the p-n <nction and the "o!tage across rH1. This "o!tage is ?nown as the pea?-point "o!tage B' or /ring point "o!tage. 7hen the app!ied B3 reaches the /ring potentia! B', the diode wi!! /re and the UGT wi!! condct from the cto8 region into the negati"e resistance region. The emitter /ring potentia! is gi"en y V P =η ×V B2 B%+V D
7here the forward "o!tage drop across the diode B& is typica!!y *. B. as the emitter ase1 "o!tage greater than B' the p-n <nction is forward iased so that the ho!es are in
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
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is gi"en etween 1* and 2* Ω. +f the emitter "o!tage retrns to Jero, the UGT operating in satration wi!! e ct o8. The emitter resistance of UGT ranges from se"era! hndred ohms to se"era! mega ohms. +n cto8 region, the emitter resistance is typica!!y se"era! hndred thosand ohms or se"era! mega ohms. +n negati"e resistance region, the emitter resistance typica!!y se"era! thosand ohms and is aot se"era! hndred ohms in satration region. &rela ;rom the eperimenta! circit e!ow /nd the capacitor charging time T1 and T2 for the fo!!owing "a!es of C6 1. C@C4@1 N; 2. C@C%@22 N; %. C@2@1** N; Example: 2.!ini!u!, T%.'/.5%0/ 2.!ai!u!, T2.('12$/.(5%01250/%0&$/ or: C@C4@ 1 N;
T1@*.***51 seconds, and f1@1E* MO T2@*.25 seconds, and f2@4 MO &rocedure: 1. Connect #C 11* B inpt of 'ower spp!y nit )-51**1, ) 5**2 to #C ot!et sing #C power cord.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
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2. Referring to the eperiment circit, set S1 on od!e )-5%**1 to ;;. Connect &C 12 B inpt to P12 B otpt of power Spp!y Unit sing test !eads.
I OSCI,,TOR CIRC9IT %. +nsert connect p!gs in position 1, 4, ,,11,12, and 14. Trn BR2 f!!y CC7 to get the minimm "a!e of resistance. 4. Switch S1 to 0 position. Using the osci!!oscope otain the otpt wa"eform (at H1$ then record the wa"eform period T@-------------------------ms Note: I% no oscillation occurs< slo3l$ turn 2R7 to the right until a "isile 3a"e%orm is present) &raw the "o!tage wa"eform at 3, determine the parameters of UGT. BB@
B
B'@
B
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
%+
E. Trn BR2 f!!y C7. ser"e and record the states of )3& and JJer. )3& -------------------------: HJJer --------------------------. Gstify yor res!t in step E. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------II TI.ER CIRC9IT . +nsert the connection p!g in position . . Trn BR2 a!! the way to C7 direction, then trn S1 0. #re the )3& and the HO p!sating direct!y after c!osing S1 F ----------------------------- 1*. State whether the ao"e timer is 0-&e!ay or ;;-&e!ay -3p!ain.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Conclusion:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
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%ter ,a 8uestions: 7hat are the main app!ications of UGT re!aation osci!!atorsF
Experiment # = &9T Characteristics Stdent 0ame6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Stdent +&6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA &ate6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
Score6 Reading: Timothy, Modern Industrial Electronics 6 Chapter 5, Section 5-5.
O!ecti"e: 1. Understanding the constrction and characteristics of a 'UT. 2. easring the characteristics of a 'UT. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
2%
pparatus: -
'ower spp!y nit ) 51**1
-
+so!ation Transformer ) 5**2
-
od!e ) 5%**2
-
&a!-Trace sci!!oscope
-
#na!og !timeter
-
&igita! !timeter
Summar$ o% theor$: The programma!e Uni<nction transistor ('UT$ is a for-!ayer '0'0 semicondctor de"ice. The characteristic of the 'UT is =ite simi!ar to the UGT. #n ad"antage of the 'UT o"er a corresponding UGT is that the important parameter Q can e contro!!ed y eterna! components. ;or frther stdy see pages 2*E to 2* (Timothy,
Modern Industrial
Electronics$
Testing &9T 3ith ohmmeter: #n ohmmeter, fond on the ana!og meter, can e sed to chec? the condition of the 'UT and to identify the termina!s. 7e se an ohmmeter that the negati"e of interna! attery is interna!!y connected to the P !ead (norma!!y the red$ and the positi"e is to the !ead (norma!!y the !ac?$. 1. Set the range se!ector of the m!timeter to R>1 range. Connect the red !ead to the gate ($ of the 'UT and the !ac? !ead to the anode (#$. # !ow resistance reading sho!d e indicated. Re"ersing the po!arity wi!! indicate an in/nite reading. 2. The resistance etween and is a!ways in/nite despite the po!arity. %. 7ith open, connect the !ac? !ead to the anode (#$ and the red !ead to the cathode ($ and a !ow reading is fre=ent!y indicated. This is cased y the "ery high triggering sensiti"ity of the gate. +f the reading is in/nite, toching the gate with yor /ngers wi!! case the !ow resistance indicated on the sca!e. Re"ersing the po!arity, the reading wi!! e in/nite. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
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Calculation: The gate "o!tage B of the 'UT is determined y the "o!tage di"ider networ? containing BR% and R and written in e=ation form. V G
R+ =
Vs
VR& + R+
#d<sting BR% wi!! change the amont of B . The anode "o!tage B# is determined y the "o!tage-di"ider networ? consisting of R4, R5, and BR1 and epressed as6 V A
=
(VR% + R5) VR% + R5 + R '
Vs
The "a!e of B# can e contro!!ed y ad<sting BR1.
&rocedure: 1. Connect #C 12 B from power spp!y nit )-51**1, ) 5**2 to mod!e ) 5%**2. s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
2&
Experiment circuit )
&9T characteristic measurement
2. Trn BR1 and BR% f!!y CC7. +nsert connect p!g in positions 1, 4, E , and 1*. Set the range se!ector of m!timeter to &C B range. %. #d<st BR% to get B @ % B (or 2.5B, whiche"er is sta!e$. 4. The )3& is AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA (0 or ;;$. The 'UT is operating in AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA state. Using the m!timeter, measre and record the dc "o!tage across R. BR@ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA B 5. Using the m!timeter, measre and record the anode-to-grond "o!tage. B#@ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA B E. S!ow!y trning BR1 to the right (C7$, oser"e the change of B# nti! the "o!tage reading reaches a pea? "a!e and arpt!y redces to a "a!!ey "a!e. Record the pea? and "a!!ey "a!es. The pea? and "a!!ey "a!es represent the pea? and "a!!ey "o!tages of the 'UT, respecti"e!y. B'@ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA B BB@ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA B . The )3& is AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA (0 or ;;$. The 'UT is operating in AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA state. . Using the m!timeter, measre and record the dc "o!tage across R. BR@ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA B . Trn BR1 to the !eft (CC7$ and ad<st BR% to get B @ %.5 B y BR% #t the moment )3& is AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA (0 or ;;$. easre B#@ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA B. The 'UT is operating in AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA state. 1*.
Trn BR1 to the right nti! )3& is 0. easre and record the "o!tages of B' and BB. B'@ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA B
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
2'
BB@ AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA B 11.
Compare the "a!es of B' and BB in steps and 11. &o they agreeF AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA #re the B' and BB "a!es "aria!eF AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
12. Set the da!-trace osci!!oscope to >-L mode. Connect 0& to the anode (#$ of the 'UT, CM1 inpt to the other termina! of RE, and CM2 inpt to the cathode ($. ser"e and p!ot the B# -+# cr"e on the scope disp!ay.
Conclusion:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
25
%ter ,a 8uestions: &raw the schematic diagram of 'UT and de/ne its termina!s
Experiment # > &9T Characteristics 'continue( Stdent 0ame6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Stdent +&6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA &ate6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Score6 Reading: Timothy, Modern Industrial Electronics 6 Chapter 5, Section 5-5.
O!ecti"e: 1-Understanding the constrction and characteristics of a 'UT. 2-easring the characteristics of a 'UT.
pparatus: -
'ower spp!y nit ) 51**1
-
+so!ation Transformer ) 5**2
-
od!e ) 5%**2
-
&a!-Trace sci!!oscope
-
&igita! !timeter
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
2
Summar$ o% theor$: The programma!e Uni<nction transistor ('UT$ is a for-!ayer '0'0 semicondctor de"ice. The characteristic of the 'UT is =ite simi!ar to the UGT. #n ad"antage of the 'UT o"er a corresponding UGT is that the important parameter Q can e contro!!ed y eterna! components. ;or frther stdy see pages 2*E to 2* (Timothy,
Modern Industrial
Electronics$
CDS and RT? Rep!acing R4 y C&S, the !ight-contro!!ed switch is formed. The C&S is a !ight sensiti"e de"ice and its resistance is in"erse!y proportiona! to the incident !ight intensity. The "a!e of B# is determined y the "o!tage-di"ider networ? containing R%, C&S, BR1, and R5. 7hen C&S eposed in a !ow !ight !e"e!, the resistance of C&S is "ery high so that B# is too sma!! to trn the 'UT on. +f a high !e"e! redces the resistance of C&S, B# wi!! increase to a scient "o!tage to /re the 'UT and ths the )3& is 0. This is a asic street!ight contro! circit. +n the same manner, rep!acing R4 y the thermistor RTM, this circit can e sed as a /re a!arm circit. The RTM is a negati"e temperatre coecient (0TC$ thermistor. The resistance of an 0TC is in"erse!y proportiona! to the amient temperatre. +n other words, a temperatre increase cases the resistance of an 0TC thermistor to decrease: a temperatre decrease cases the resistance of the thermistor to increase. The operation of this circit is eact!y simi!ar to the C&S !ight-contro!!ed circit discssed ao"e.
Calculation: The gate "o!tage B of the 'UT is determined y the "o!tage di"ider networ? containing BR% and R and written in e=ation form. V G
R+ =
Vs
VR& + R+
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
2)
#d<sting BR% wi!! change the amont of B . The anode "o!tage B# is determined y the "o!tage-di"ider networ? consisting of R4, R5, and BR1 and epressed as6 V A
=
(VR% + R5) VR% + R5 + R '
Vs
The "a!e of B# can e contro!!ed y ad<sting BR1.
&rocedure: 1- Connect #C 12 B from power spp!y nit )-51**1, ) 5**2 to mod!e ) 5%**2.
Experiment circuit
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
2*
) &9T Temperature Control Circuit 2- Trn BR1 and BR% f!!y CC7. %-+nsert connect p!g in positions 1, %, E, , and 1*. 4-#d<st BR% to get B @%.5 B 5-S!ow!y trn BR1 and stop at the point where the )3& is near 0. easre and record the "o!tage of B#. B#@------------------------------------------ B E- #pproach a hot so!dering iron to the thermistor RTM. ser"e and record the change of B#
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-eep heating the RTM. ser"e and record the states of 'UT and )3&.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Remo"e the so!dering iron from RTM . ser"e and record the change of the 'UT. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5) &9T lightControl Circuit -Remo"e the connect p!g from position % and insert it in position 2. Co"er the C&S window with yor hand. 1*-#d<st BR% to get B@%.5 B and trn BR1 f!!y to C7. ser"e and record the state of the 'UT and )3&.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11- Remo"e yor hand from the C&S window to increase sensed !ight !e"e!. ser"e and record the states of the 'UT and )3&. B#@ ---------------- B
B@-----------
B
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2+
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Conclusion: %ter ,a 8uestions:
+n a programma!e Uni<nction Transistor ('UGT$, the main crrent Iow path sse=ent to triggering is 6 a$ ;rom to $ ;rom to the # c$ ;rom # to d$ ;rom to #
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
&0
Experiment # @
utomatic ,amp Dimming Circuits Stdent 0ame6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Stdent +&6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA &ate6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Score: Reading: Timoth$ )
.alone$< .odern Industrial Electronics Chapter @
Section @>
O!ecti"e: 1. Understanding the operation of TR+#C and SCR phase contro!s. 2. Understanding the operation of &+#C-TR+#C phase contro! circit. %. 'erforming an atomatic !amp dimming contro!.
pparatus: -
'ower spp!y nit ) 51**1
-
+so!ation Transformer ) 5**2
-
od!e ) 5%**
-
&a!-Trace sci!!oscope
Summar$ o% theor$: The TR+#C, !i?e SCR, is often sed in an #C circit to contro! the power on !oad. # TR+#C can operate in f!!-wa"e phase contro! circits whi!e an SCR can operate in ha!f-wa"e phase contro! circits. The most e!ementary form of f!!-wa"e contro! is the simp!e &+#C-TR+#C circit. This circit is wide!y sed in !amp dimming contro! and fan speed contro! circit. The disad"antage of this circit is the range of /ring ang!e !ess than 1* degrees.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
&%
&rocedure: 1-Connect 11* B#C power spp!y from spp!y Unit )-51**1 -)-5**2 to od!e )-5%**. +nsta!! the !amp ()'$ in the soc?et on the mod!e. e
Experiment Circuit 2-+nsert connect p!gs in positions 1, 4, 5, and 12. Trn BR1 comp!ete!y to C7 direction then, trn BR1 grada!!y to CC7, oser"e and record the change of !amp rightness. ---------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
&2
%- Trn BR1 to get a maimm rightness (a!! the way to CC7$, then measre and record the "o!tage wa"eforms of TR+#C T2 and capacitor C1 in the ta!e e!ow.
4-Remo"e a!! connect p!gs and insert connect p!gs in positions 1, 4, E, and 11. Trn BR1 comp!ete!y to C7 and then trn it grada!!y to CC7. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
&&
--------------------------------------------------------------
5- Remo"e a!! connect p!gs and insert connect p!gs in positions 2, 4, , and 12. Tning BR1 a!! the way to CC7, oser"e the !amp rightness (!ow or high$. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
&'
-----------------------------------------------------------E- Remo"e a!! connect p!gs and insert connect p!gs in positions 1, 4, 5, and (SCR rep!aced the Triac$. Trn BR1 to get a maimm rightness, 7hich of the power contro! circits has maimm power otpt (in this step or in step 5 $- 3p!ain F -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remo"e a!! connect p!gs and insert connect p!gs in position 1, %, E , and 11 . 3pose C&S to norma! !ight !e"e!. Trn BR1 comp!ete!y to CC7 direction . - Co"er C&S window with yor hand. ser"e and record the states of !amp, &+#C, and TR+#C- 3p!ain ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remo"e yor hand from C&S window. ser"e and record the states of !amp, &+#C, and TR+#C-3p!ain --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The C&S is a !ight-sensiti"e de"ice and its resistance is in"erse!y proportiona! to !ight !e"e!. +n other words, when !ight is not present, the resistance is increased. 7hen !ight is present, the C&S resistance is redced. The C&S is sed to perform the fnction of atomatic !amp dimming contro!. +n norma! !ight !e"e!, the trigger potentia! is set at a !ow !e"e! that can not trigger &+#C to trn on. Ths TR+#C and !amp are o8. 7hen the !ight sorce is !oc?ed, an increased in C&S resistance cases a scient trigger potentia! to trn the &+#C on. TR+#C is then on and !amp is on.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
&5
Conclusion:
%ter ,a 8uestions: 3p!ain the hysteresis (Iash-on$ e8ect and the way to e!iminate it
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
&
Experiment # A &hotocoupler and Touch larm circuits Stdent 0ame6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Stdent +&6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA &ate6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Score: O!ecti"e: 1. Understanding the characteristics of photocop!er. 2. 'erforming the 'hotocop!er contro! circit. %. 'erforming the ;3T toch a!arm circit. pparatus: -
'ower spp!y nit ) 51**1
-
+so!ation Transformer ) 5**2
-
od!e ) 5%**
-
&igita! m!timeter
Summar$ o% theor$: See !ectre notes.
&rocedure :
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
&)
1 Connect 5B and 12 &C spp!ies from power spp!y nit )-51**1-)5**2 to od!e )-5%**.
Experiment
Circuit
7 Set S7 to o8 position. +nsert connect p!gs in positions 1, 2, 5, and . ; 7hich of the )3&s is onF -------------------------------------------+s the re!ay energiJedF -----------------------------------------------
= Using the m!timeter, measre and record the "o!tage at 91 co!!ector, photocop!er 3, 9% co!!ector , and 94 co!!ector. BC1@------------------, B31@----------------------------------BC%@------------------, BC4@----------------------------------> Set S7 to 0 position. +s the re!ay acti"atedF 7hich of the )3&s is onF ---------------------------------------@ Repeat step 4.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
&*
BC1@------------------, B31@----------------------------------BC%@------------------, BC4@----------------------------------A Remo"e a!! connect p!gs from the od!e. +nsert connect p!gs in position %, 4, and E. &oes the JJer sondF ------------------------------------------------------6 Using the m!timeter, measre and record the "o!tage at ;3T drain, 9% co!!ector, and 94 co!!ector. B&2@-------------------------------------------------
BC%@-------------------------, BC4@-----------------------------------
0 Toch the termina! VTUCMV with yor /nger. &oes the JJer sondF ------------------------+f yes ep!ain whyF ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Using the m!timeter, measre and record the "o!tage at ;3T drain, 9% co!!ector, and 94 co!!ector. B&@------------------------------------------------BC%@-------------------------, B C4@----------------------------------1/
Remo"e yor /nger from the WTochV termina!. &oes the JJer sondF -------------------+f no ep!ain whyF ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Conclusion:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
&+
%ter ,a 8uestions: DeBne uses
photocoupler and name some o% its industrial
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
'0
Experiment # 6
&roportional Temperature Control
Stdent 0ame6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Stdent +&6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA &ate6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Score: Reading: Lecture Notes
O!ecti"e: 1. Understanding the types and princip!es of temperatre contro!!ers. 2. 'erforming a proportiona! temperatre contro!!er.
pparatus: -
'ower spp!y nit ) 51**1
-
+so!ation Transformer ) 5**2
-
od!e ) 5%**
-
&igita! !timeter
Summar$ o% theor$: See section 1*-4 to 1*-E 1E-in EEET 205 text book.
Description o% the Experiment Circuit: The /gre e!ow shows the eperiment circit. BR2 and thermistors T1 and T2 form a resisti"e ridge. The BR2 is sed to contro! the ridge operating in a!ance. The BR1 is sed to contro! the "o!tage app!ied to ridge. Resisti"e R1 is to !imit the crrent Iowing in ridge when BR1 at !ow "a!e of resistance. 7hen the otpt "o!tage of resistance ridge set to Jero, diode &1 and SCR are o8 so that )3&1 !ights. +f the resistance of T1 decreases as the temperatre increases, the otpt "o!tage of the ridge increases and reaches *.E B to force &1 to condct. Mence the SCR trns on and ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
'%
energiJes the re!ay . )3&2 !ights to indicate temperatre o"er the setting range. To trn o8 the SCR, psh S7 once. Simi!ar!y, the resistance of T2 decreases as the temperatre increase. The increase of the ridge otpt "o!tage triggers the SCR to condct. Then )3&2 !ights on to indicate the temperatre too high. Since the otpt "o!tage of the ridge is an ac "o!tage, therefore diode &1 sho!d e sed to protect the SCR against a negati"e p!se app!ied to the gate.
Experiment Circuit
&rocedure: 1- Connect 12B #C spp!y from power Spp!y Unit )-51**1-)-5**2 to od!e )-5%**. 2- Trn the BR1 f!!y CC7. easre and record the "o!tage across BR2 y sing the m!timeter. B"R2(ac$@ ---------------------B
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
'2
%- Using the m!timeter, measre the otpt "o!tage of resisti"e ridge to get *B y trning BR2. #t this instant, the resisti"e ridge ope rates in a!ance. 4- +nsert connect p!g in position 1. Connect 12B &C spp!y from 'ower Spp!y Unit to od!e )-5%**. ser"e and the states of )3&s and re!y. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------+f any accident triggering is cased y toching the connect p!g with /nger, p!ease psh switch S7 once to initia!iJe the operation. 5-#pproach a hot so!dering iron to the T1. Using the m!timeter, measre and record the otpt "o!tage of the resisti"e ridge. Bo
@-----------------------------B.
ac
&oes the re!ay operateF 3p!ain--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7hich of the )3&s is onF 3p!ain------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E-Remo"e the so!dering iron from T1 and coo! T1 for a whi!e. +s the resisti"e ridge in a!anceF 7hyF--------------------------------------------------+s the SCR trned o8F ------------------------------------------7hat is the reasonF --------------------------------------------'sh S7 once. ser"e and record the states of SCR and )3&s. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
'&
- #pproach the so!dering iron to T2. #t the moment )3&2 0 easre and record the otpt "o!tage of the resisti"e ridge Bo ac @-----------------------------B +s the SCR trned onF ------------------------------------------------------- Remo"e the so!dering iron from T2 and coo! T2 for a whi!e. easre and record the otpt "o!tage of the resisti"e ridge. Bo
ac
@------------------B
+s the resisti"e ridge in a!anceF --------------------------------------7hich of the )3&S is onF -------------------------------------------------7hat is the state of SCR inF ------------------------------------------------7hat is the reasonF ------------------------------------------- 'sh S7 once. ser"e and record the states of SCR and )3&s. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Conclusion:
%ter ,a 8uestions:
1-&e/ne thermistor
2-&oes thermistor ha"e a positi"e or negati"e temperatre coecient of resistanceF ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
''
Experiment # 0 .otor Starting and Speed Control Stdent 0ame6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Stdent +&6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA &ate6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Score: Reading: Industrial Electronic Trainer ,
pp 15-2 to 15-25
O!ecti"e: 1. Understanding the types and characteristics of motors. 2. Stdying motor speed contro! circits %. 'erforming Triac motor starting and speed contro! circit pparatus: -
'ower spp!y nit ) 51**1
-
+so!ation Transformer ) 5**2
-
otor od!e ) 5**1
-
od!e )-5%**
-
sci!!oscope
-
!timeter
Summar$ o% theor$: The ni"ersa! motor is sed in this eperiment .This motor is designed to operate on ac or dc "o!tage. otor speed can e contro!!ed y ad<sting the app!ied "o!tage. The ni"ersa! motor sa!!y operates at "ery high speeds with good eciency. The speed wi!! "ary considera!y with eterna! !oading. This motor /nds widespread se in many consmer app!iances sch as sewing machines, "acm c!eaners , miers, !enders, garden too!s, hand dri!!s , and Ioor po!ishers.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
'5
Note: The &+#C-TR+#C phase contro! descried in the !ast eperiment is sed in this eperiment ecept that the !amp is rep!aced y ni"ersa! motor.
&rocedure 1. Connect the ni"ersa! motor on od!e )-5**1 to the eperiment circit on od!e )-5%** .
Experiment Circuit
2. Connect 11* B#C spp!y from power spp!y Unit )-51**1 to )5%** mod!e. %. Trn BR1 f!!y C7. +nsert connect p!gs in positions 2, 4, 5, and . 4. #t this instant, does the motor rn F------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
'
5. Trning BR1 CC7 , oser"e and record the change of the motor speed. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E. Trn BR1 to contro! the motor rnning at "ery !ow speed. Trn the power o8 and then on. ser"e and record the change of the motor speeds. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.. . Set BR1 to get a maimm speed. Using the osci!!oscope, measre and record the "o!tage wa"eforms at Triac T2 and across C1 e!ow.
-Trn o8 the power. Remo"e the connect p!g from position 5 and insert it in position E. Trn BR1 f!!y CC7. Record the res!ts in the ta!e e!ow.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
')
-Trn o8 the power. Remo"e the connect p!g from position E and insert it in position .Trn BR1 f!!y CC7. Repeat step .
1*- Compare the speed in steps, , , and . +f they are di8erent ep!ain the reason. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.. 11-Trn o8 the power. Remo"e a!! connect p!gs and then insert them in positions 1, %, 5, and . Trn on the power.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
'*
12- Trn BR1 to set the motor rnning at !ow speed when C&S is eposed to norma! !ight !e"e!. Co"er C&S window with yor hand . +s the motor rnningF +f 0 ep!ain whyF XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.. 1%- Remo"e yor hand from the C&S window. +s the motor rnningF +f L3S ep!ain whyF XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX..
14- easre the crrent drawn y the motor at no !oad. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX.. 15- 0ow, try to pre"ent the rotor from rnning and measre the crrent drawn at the same time. 3p!ain the di8erence in crrent reading from step 14. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.. The C&S is a !ight-sensiti"e de"ice and its resistance is in"erse!y proportiona! to !ight !e"e!. +n other words, when !ight is not present, the resistance is increased. 7hen !ight is present, the C&S resistance is redced. The C&S is sed to perform the fnction of atomatic !amp dimming contro!. +n norma! !ight !e"e!, the trigger potentia! is set at a !ow !e"e! that can not trigger &+#C to trn on . Ths TR+#C and !amp are o8. 7hen the !ight sorce is !oc?ed , an increased in C&S resistance cases a scient trigger potentia! to trn the &+#C on. TR+#C is then on and !amp is on.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
'+
Conclusion:
%ter ,a 8uestions: 3p!ain two methods which can contro! the speed of a &C motor.
Experiment # 1/ O"er"oltage and 9nder"oltage 5rea4er
Stdent 0ame6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Stdent +&6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA &ate6 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA Score: Reading: Tet oo? W odern +ndstria! 3!ectronicsY
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
50
O!ecti"e: 1. Understanding the operating principa! of o"er"o!tage and nder"o!tage Re!ays 2. 'erforming o"er"o!tage and nder"o!tage Re!ay rea?er with ' amps pparatus: -
'ower spp!y nit ) 51**1
-
+so!ation Transformer ) 5**2
-
od!e )- 5%**
-
!timeter
Description o% Experiment Circuit: The /gre e!ow shows the o3er3olta#e and under3olta#e detector circuit///
S33 S3'#R#T3 M#0&UT
Experiment Circuit &rocedure '*or +etting normal operation ( 1. Connect #C 1 B and #c 12 B spp!ies from power spp!y nit )51**1, )-5**2 to od!e )-5%**. 2. Trn BR1 and BR2 f!!y CC7 whi!e BR% f!!y C7. +nsert connect p!g in position 1. %. easre the inpt "o!tage of the ridge recti/er. #d<st BR1 to get a "o!tage reading of 14 B#C.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lab Manual, EEET 205: Industrial Electronics (EEET Unit, Hafr Al-Batin o!!unit" olle#e$
5%
4. #d<st BR% to get "o!tage across it approimate!y e=a! to 5.2 B&C 5. #d<st BR2 to get "o!tage across it approimate!y e=a! to 5.* B&C
Conclusion: Lo ha"e eperimented the operation and measrement of ' amp o"erand nde"o!tage detection. +n norma! operation the )3&s are on. +f o"er"o!tage condition occrs, )3&2 wi!! e o8 and SCR trn on and ct o8 the !amp. +f nder"o!tage condition occrs, )3&1 wi!! e o8 and SCR trn on and ct o8 the !amp.
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52