INDUSTRIETECHNIK
SRI LANKA INSTITUTE of ADVANCED TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION
ELECTRICAL and ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING Instructor Manual
Training Unit
Lighti Lig hting ng Engin Engine eering rin g Practice
No: EE 081
Training Unit Lighting Lighti ng Engineering ngineering Practical Part
No.: EE 081
Edition:
2008 Al l Righ Ri gh ts Reserved Reser ved
Editor:
MCE MCE Industrietechnik Linz GmbH & Co Education and Training Systems, DM-1 Lunzerst rasse 64 P.O.Box P.O.Box 36, A 4031 4031 Linz / Aus tri a Tel. (+ 43 / 732) 6987 – 3475 Fax (+ 43 / 732) 6980 – 4271 Website: Website: www.mcelinz.com www.mcelinz.com
1
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
CONTENTS
Page
LEARNING OBJECTIVES ........................... .......................... ........................... ................... 4
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 1 Incandescent lamp...............................................................................................................5
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 2 Drawing the isolux curves using the point to point method..................................................8
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 3 Calculating a fighting Installation using polar polar distribution curves........................... ............ 11
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 4 Calculating a street lighting system ........................ ......................... ........................... .......16 ....... 16
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 5 Fluorescent lamp with glow starter ............................ .......................... ............................ ..22
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 6 Measuring the operating data of a fluorescent lamp with glow starter...............................24
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 7 To improve the power factor of a fluorescent lamp............................................................26
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 8 Parallel connection of two fluorescent lamps.....................................................................29
2
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 9 Tandem circuit with fluorescent lamps...............................................................................31
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 10 Lead-Iag circuit of fluorescent fluorescent lamps .......................... ......................... ........................... ...33
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 11 To study the power factor of lead-lag lead-lag circuit circuit ...................... ........................ ........................ 35
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 12 Reduction of flickering (stroboscopic effect) of fluorescent lamps by three-phase system38
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 13 Secure light fittings an reinforced concrete or masonry.....................................................41
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 14 Secure light fittings on steel structure................................................................................44
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 15 Securing lighting fittings fittings on a steel rope ....................... ......................... ........................... .49
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 16 Installation of high-pressure mercury vapour lamp............................................................52
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 17 Installation of of high-pressure high-pressure sodium sodium vapour vapour lamp ........................ ........................... ..........54 .......... 54
PRACTICAL TEST ........................ ........................... ......................... ........................... .....58
3
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
LEARNING OB JECTIVES JECTIVES
The student should
calculate a lighting Installation using a "light distribution curve”.
calculate the the intensity intensity of illumination of an installation using the efficiency method.
sketch the basic circuits of fluorescent lamps.
secure light fittings in the proper manner.
calculate the luminous flux for various types of installations i.e. workshop, offices, offices, storage rooms etc.
calculate the luminous flux for various various sizes and and types types of of lamps. lamps.
plan lighting installations and carry out Installation.
install fluorescent lamps by use of the basic circuits.
4
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 1:
Incandescent Incandescent lamp
1. TASK
Calculate and measure the Illumination an different points of a surface by using a 40 W incandescent lamp.
2. EQUIPMENT
Incandescent lamp 40 W / 220 V E27 Screw Type lamp holder pendent Automatic breaker Switch single pole Luxmeter Protractor Ruler Paper Pencil Polar curve Table (angle - cosine - cosine cubed) Gable to connect lamp 3 cores, 1.5 mm² PVC ins. sheathed)
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE
a) Connect the light source and determine determine the 0-point of the place to be illuminated illuminated vertical under the lamp. b) Measure the the height h between source and 0. c) Measure the angle angle between the lines lines which connect the light light source to point 0 and and points 1/4h, 112h, 3/4h, h, 5/4h.
5
Degree
Cosine
Cosine cubed
0
1.0
1.0
5
0.996
0.989
10
0.985
0.955
15
0.966
0.901
20
0.940
0.830
25
0.906
0.744
30
0.866
0.650
35
0.819
0.550
40
0.766
0.450
45
0.707
0.354
50
0.643
0.266
55
0.574
0.189
60
0.500
0.125
65
0.423
0.076
70
0.342
0.040
75
0.259
0.017
80
0.174
0.005
85
0.087
0.001
90
0.0
0.0
6
d) Determine the luminous intensity with luxmeter and draw draw a polar curve curve of lighting units units depending on the angle. e) Calculate the illumination at each point using using the following formulae and enter the calculated values onto the table.
f)
Draw the illumination curve.
7
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 2:
Drawing Drawing the isolux curves using the point to point method
1. TASK
A light source is fitted at a height h. Determine the points which have the same Illumination values (isolux).
2. EQUIPMENT
Protractor Rule Paper Pencil Polar curve Table (angle - cosine - cosine cubed) Fluorescent lamp Luxmeter Cable Clips
8
9
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE
a) Measure values values of constant constant illumination around the source. b) Draw the isolux curves through the points 1/4h, 1/2h, 1/2h, 3/4h, h, 5/4h an the axis perpendicular to the length axis of the tube and write the illumination values above each isolux curve. c) Calculate the light current current 1 of the fluorescent fluorescent lamp and compare compare the result with a second value-pair of E and cos
.
α
10
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 3:
Calculating a fighting Installation using polar distribution curves
1. TASK
Calculate the required quantity of different type of lamps to illuminate several rooms by means of polar distribution curves.
2. EQUIPMENT
Tables and technical data as included in this exercise Paper, pencil
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE
a). Given parameters: 1. turning workshop I = 48 m, b= 12 m, h = 5 m, light uniformity 1 : 3, required illumination 250 Ix 2. office for technical drawing I = 16 m, b = 8 m, h = 4 m, light uniformity 1 : 1.5, required illumination 1000 lx 3. hair dressing studio I = 10 m, b = 4 m, h = 3 m, light uniformity 1 : 2, required Illumination 750 lx
Reflection factors of room 1:
0.5/0.3/0.1
Reflection factors of rooms 2, 3:
0.8/0.5/0.3
11
TABLE 1:
Lamp quantity in the room (valid only if the lamp is equipped with fluorescent Iamps L 58 W / 5400 Im)
Type A - wet room lamp with one fluorescent lamp protection degree IP 65
Em in Lx h in m 100 2.15 100 3.15 100 4.15 250 2.15 250 3.15 250 4.15 100 100 100 250 250 250
2.15 3.15 4.15 2.15 3.15 4.15
20
area of the room in m² 30 30 50 50 75 75 100 150
250
1 2 2 3 4 2 2 3 3 4 2 3 3 4 5 3 4 5 7 9 4 4 6 8 10 5 6 8 10 12 light room p = 0.8 /0.5 /0.3
5 6 6 12 13 15
8 8 9 18 21 23
2 3 4 5 6 3 3 5 6 7 4 4 5 7 8 5 6 8 11 14 6 8 11 13 16 8 10 12 16 19 dark room p = 0.5 /0.3 /0.1
8 9 10 18 22 24
12 13 15 28 32 37
Type B - wet room lamp with two fluorescent lamps protection degree IP 65 Em in Lx 100 100 100 250 250 250
h in m 2.15 3.15 4.15 2.15 3.15 4.15
area of the room in m² 20 30 50 75 100 150 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 2 2 2 3 4 2 2 3 3 5 7 2 3 4 5 6 8 3 3 4 5 7 8 light room p =0.8/0.5 / 0.3
100
2.15
1
2
2
3
3
4
6
100
3.15
2
2
3
3
4
5
7
100
4.15
2
2
3
4
4
6
8
250
2.15
3
3
5
6
7
10
15
250
3.15
3
4
6
7
9
12
17
250
4.15
5
5
7
9
10
13
20
dark room p =0.5/0.3/ 0.1
12
250 250 4 5 5 10 11 12
Type A:
Wet room lamp with one fluorescent lamp, protection degree IP 65
Polar distribution curve (3 lamps erected in a row)
Lamp distance at given uniformity:
13
Type B:
Wet room lamp with two fluorescent lamps, protection degree IP 65 Polar distribution curve (3 lamps erected in a row)
Lamp distance at given uniformity
14
b)
Draw a floor plan of the turning workshop.
c)
Calculate the area of the room.
d)
Determine the required required quantity of lamps in the room by means means of table 1 and calculation. Check the required quantity for both types of lamps. A
= 576 m2
E
= 250 lx
h
= 4.15 m (Illumination height)
from table 1 we get for type A: for 250 m², 250 Ix, 4.15 m -> 23 lamps for 576 m²: 23 lamps x 576/250 m² = 53,084 lamps - > 52 lamps
from table 1 we get for type B:
e)
for 250 m2, 250 lx, 4.15 m
-> ………………
for 576 m2
-> ………………
Draw proposals proposals for lamp distribution plans based based on floorplan and results results of d) (assume 1700 mm lamp length).
f)
Check your proposals by means of the data given in table 2.
g)
Use the the polar distribution curve to determine determine the maximum lateral distance between two lamps (for type A appr. 2.5 m).
h)
Check by means of table table 2 "lamp distance at given given uniformity" uniformity" if your proposals meet the requirements. requirements.
i)
Modify your lamp distribution plan proposals in accordance with the previous steps.
j)
Include a three-phase three-phase supply system for all the lamps lamps in the drawing.
k)
Repeat the whole exercise for the Office Office for technical drawing and the pair dressing studio.
Conclusion:
15
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 4:
Calculating Calculating a street lighting s ystem
1. TASK
Calculate the illumination (E) by means of the candlepower (J). Select the required type of lamps with the aid of a light distribution curve.
2. EQUIPMENT
Tables and technical data as included in this exercise Paper, pencil
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE a)
Given parameter: A street, which is 22 m broad should be illuminated by lamps for direct light. The minimum illumination (E) should not be less than 4 I x.
NOTE: The Iamp eight (h) shouldn't be smaller than the third of the streetbreadth. The Iampdistance (c) should be three to four times the Iampheight (h).
b)
Calculate the lamp height (h): h >= 1/3 x 22 m = 7.33 m We select (h) therefore with 8 m.
16
c)
Calculate the Iampdistance (c): c = 3 x 8m = 24m
d)
How to calculate the the light current (I) for the point point P, which is located just just in the middle between two lamps as shown in the drawing below.
The distance between lamp and illuminated point is under normal conditions difficult to measure. Therefore the formula is transformed to:
e) f)
Determine angle e by means of Lane's monographic diagram. Use table 2 to find the corresponding value for cos³ ε.
17
g)
Calculate the required light current I ε:
h)
Determine the luminous luminous intensity produced produced by our lamp at an angle E by means of polar distribution curve /ε = 134 cd (value valid for f or a glow lamp with 1000 Im)
i)
The luminous flux for the lamp must be:
Therefore we select a mercury vapour lamp HQL 125 W with a luminous flux of 6300 Im.
j)
Check this result by formula
The luminous intensity direct underneath the lamp (at an angle ε = 0°) must be found by means of light distribution curve.
k)
Calculate the Illumination uniformity. Uniformity:
l)
Repeat the exercise, but this time the minimum Illumination (E) should not be fess than 10 Ix.
18
m)
Calculate the required lamps for illuminating a street which is 14 m broad from from lampposts with a height of 5 m and to guarantee a minimum illumination of 20 Ix.
n)
Calculate the required required lamps for for illuminating illuminating a walkway which which is 4 m broad from lampposts with a height of 3 m and to guarantee a minimum illumination of 50 Ix.
Conclusion:
19
Table 1: Nomo graphic diagram from G. Lane
h = lamp height c = lamp distance = angle between vertical axis and beam direction
ε
h=8m c = 24 m
20
Table 2:
cos3 ε
Table 3:
polar distribution curve
polar distribution curve of a lamp for direct lighting, equipped with a glow lamp 1000 Im.
21
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 5:
Fluorescent lamp lamp with g low starter
1. TASK
Complete the circuit diagram shown below. Set up the circuit, switch it an and explain the function of the glow starter.
2. EQUIPMENT
1 Fluorescent lamp ZFL 1/18 1 Fluorescent lamp socket with starter 1 Fluorescent lamp socket 1 Choke 1 Circuit breaker 1 Megger Connecting leads Connectors Wires
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE
a)
Complete the circuit diagram.
b)
Connect the circuit as per drawing.
22
c)
Test the circuit according to the regulations.
d)
Test the operation of the set-up circuit.
e)
Remove the starter when the lamp glows and observe the circuit Operation.
f)
Switch-on supply without glow starter and observe the lamp.
g)
Describe the function of the starter.
Conclusion
23
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 6:
Measuring Measuring th e operating operating data of a fluorescent lamp wit h glow s tarter
1. TASK
Determine the operating data of the fluorescent lamp with a set-up circuit
2. EQUIPMENT
1 Fluorescent lamp TL 20/33 1 Fluorescent lamp socket with starter 1 Fluorescent lamp socket 1 Choke 1 Circuit breaker 1 Multimeter (300 V) 1 Ammeter 3 A Connecting leads Wires Connectors Screws
24
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE
a)
Set up the circuit of the fluorescent lamp.
b)
Test the circuit according to the regulations.
c)
Measure the filament current flowing through the starter starter by switching switching the lamp lamp on. Record the reading of voltmeter and ammeter.
d)
Repeat the same measurement when the lamp glows.
e) Measure the lamp current and voltage.
Results: -
the filament current when switching the lamp on:
-
the filament current when the lamp is glowing:
-
the line current when the lamp is switched-on:
-
the line current when the lamp is glowing:
-
the lamp voltage at switch on.
-
the lamp voltage at glow.
Conclusion:
25
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 7:
To improve the power factor of a fluo rescent lamp
1. TASK
Compensate the reactive power of a fluorescent farnp. Compute the results of apparent power and true power.
2. EQUIPMENT
1 Fluorescent lamp TL 20/33 1 Fluorescent lamp socket with starter 1 Fluorescent lamp socket 1 Choke 1 Circuit breaker 1 Voltmeter 0 - 300 V (AC) 1 Ammeter 0 - 3 A (AC) 1 Wattmeter 220 V / 5 A 2 capacitors 3µ F 450 V/4.5µ F 450 V Connecting leads Wires Connectors Screws Megger
26
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE
a)
Set up the following circuit and test according to the regulations.
b)
Measure and record record the values values of (U) and and (I) without capacitor capacitor and compute compute the apparent power.
c)
Measure and record the power with the wattmeter.
d)
Calculate the power factor.
e)
Connect 3 µF capacitor and repeat steps b), c), d).
f)
Connect 4.5 µF capacitor and repeat steps b), c), d) again.
g)
Compare the results.
- without compensation:
- compensation with 3 µF:
27
-
compensation with 4 µF:
s ………. apparent power (VA)
Conclusion:
28
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 8:
Parallel Parallel connection of two f luorescent lamps
1. TASK
Set up the parallel connection of two fluorescent lamps according to the circuit diagram. Compute the results of apparent power and true power. Calculate the power factor.
2. EQUIPMENT
2 Fluorescent lamp TL 20/33 2 Fluorescent lamp socket with starter 2 Fluorescent lamp socket 2 Choke 1 Circuit breaker 1 Voltmeter 0 - 300 V 1 Ammeter 0 - 10 A 1 Wattmeter 220 V / 5 A 1 Megger 500 V Connecting leads Wires Connectors Screws Discoscope
29
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE
a)
Connect the circuit circuit as shown in the diagram and test according according to the regulations. regulations.
b)
Measure the values of (U) and (1) and compute the apparent power.
c)
Measure the power with the wattmeter.
d)
Calculate the power factor.
Conclusion:
30
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL EXERCESE EXERCESE 9:
Tandem circuit with fluorescent lamps
1. TASK
Set up the tandem connection according to the circuit diagram. Note the difference between this connection and two in parallel connected fluorescent lamps.
2. EQUIPMENT
2 Fluorescent lamp TL 20/33 2 Fluorescent lamp socket with starter 2 Fluorescent lamp socket 1 Choke 1 Circuit breaker (one ampere or greater) Connecting Leads Wires Connectors Screws Discoscope Megger
31
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE
a)
Set up the circuit circuit as shown in the circuit diagram and test in accordance with the regulations.
b)
Operate the circuit.
c)
Compare the tandem connection with the basic circuits of two fluorescent lamps connected in parallel. Describe the difference.
Conclusion:
Advantage - low manufacturer's manufacturer's weight Disadvantage - if one of the four components falls, the whole circuit isn't w orking
32
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL EXERCISE EXERCISE 10:
Lead-I Lead-Iag ag circuit o f fluo rescent lamps
1. TASK
Draw the circuit diagram of the lead-lag circuit and make the connections. Describe the advantages of the lead-lag circuit.
2. EQUIPMENT
2 Fluorescent lamp TL 20/33 2 Fluorescent lamp socket with starter 2 Fluorescent lamp socket 2 Choke 1 Circuit breaker 1 Capacitor 3µF Connecting leads Wires Connectors Screws Discometer
33
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE
a)
Complete the circuit diagram of the layout layout of equipment equipment for the lead-lag lead-lag circuit.
b)
Set up the circuit and test the Operation in accordance with the regulations.
c)
Compare the lead-lag circuit with the tandem circuit. Describe the differences and the advantages of the twin connection, respectively.
d)
Check by by means means of disco meter if there there is any flickering (stroboscopic effect) or not.
Conclusion:
34
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL EXERCISE EXERCISE 11:
To study th e power factor of lead-lag lead-lag circuit
1. TASK
Compensation of the twin connection. Test and calculate the results and find the best capacitor for the compensation.
2. EQUIPMENT
2 Fluorescent lamp TL 20/33 2 Fluorescent lamp socket with starter 2 Fluorescent lamp socket 2 Choke Connecting Leads 1 Circuit breaker Voltmeter 300 V (AC) Wattmeter 220 V / 5 A Ammeter 3 A (AC) Capacitor 3 µF Capacitor 4.5 µF Wires Screws Connectors
35
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE
a)
Set up up the the circuit circuit as shown in the the diagram diagram and test its its operation operation with C1. C1.
b)
Measure the voltage and the current and calculate the apparent power.
c)
Measure the power with the wattmeter.
d)
Calculate the power factor.
e)
Repeat the steps a), b), c), d) with C2.
f)
Compare the power factors in both cases.
g)
Compare the advantages of this compensation compensation with that of a simple fluorescent lamp connection.
36
- compensation with 3 µF
- compensation with 4.5 µF
s ….. apparent power (VA)
Conclusion:
37
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL EXERCISE 12:
Reduction of flickering (stroboscopic effect) of fluorescent lamps by threephase system
1. TASK
To avoid flickering of fluorescent lamps by use in row installation the lamps should be split up to a three-phase system using 3 x 380/220 V. For best results neighbouring lamps should be on different phases.
2. EQUIPMENT
3 Fluorescent lamp TL 20/33 3 Fluorescent lamp socket with starter 3 Fluorescent lamp socket 1 Three-phase circuit breaker 3 Choke 3 Capacitor 4,5 µF 1 Disco meter 1 Workbench 1 Training board 3 Plastic junction boxes 1 m Plastic conduit dia 16 mm 12 Plastic clamps 16 24 Screws 4 x 40 mm 24 Plug dowels HUD 6
38
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERC1SE
a)
Connect-up a circuit as per drawing.
b)
Switch-on the three-phase switch.
c)
Switch-on the discometer.
d)
Find-out if there is a stroboscopic effect or not.
Circuit diagram
39
Detailed wiring diagram
Conclusion:
40
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL EXERCISE EXERCISE 13:
Secure Secure light fi tting s an reinforced concrete or masonry
a)
TASK
a)
Secure a fluorescent fluorescent lamp lamp on on reinforced reinforced concrete or masonry masonry by means means of plastic Installation material.
b)
Secure a fluorescent fluorescent lamp on reinforced reinforced concrete or masonry masonry by means means of of steel conduits and steel Installation material.
NOTE: For training reasons we use instead of concrete or masonry our training board.
2. EQUIPMENT
2 Fluorescent lamp 2 Fluorescent lamp socket with starter 2 Fluorescent lamp socket 2 Choke 2 Single pole switch 1 Plastic junction box 2 Steel junction box 1 m Plastic conduit dia 16 mm 1 m Steel conduit PG 16 2 Plastic conduit bend 90° dia 16 mm 2 Steel conduits bend 90° dia PG 16 15 Plastic clamp 16 15 Steel clamp 16 5 m HO7V-K10 black 5 m HO7V-K10 blue
41
5 m HO7V-K10 green-yellow 30 Screws M4 x 40 mm 30 Plug dowels HUD6
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE
Installation plan
Detailed wiring diagram
42
a)
Select the correct screws, plugs, conduits etc.
b)
Drill holes to the right size.
c)
Secure the lamp fitting on the training board.
d)
Erect switches and junction boxes.
e)
Wire and complete the installation.
f)
Function the circuit.
Conclusion:
43
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL EXERCISE EXERCISE 14:
Secure light fittings on steel structure
1. TASK
To secure light fittings and electro Installation on steel structure by means of several Installation materials.
2. EQUIPMENT
1 Fluorescent lamp TL 20/33 1 Fluorescent lamp socket with starter 1 Fluorescent lamp socket 1 Choke 1 Switch 1 Junction box 3 m A05-VV-U 3g 1,5 2 m Angle steel 40/40/3 2 m Steel Conduit PG 16 25 Screws M4 x 20 25 Nuts M4 25 Washers M4 25 Spring washers M4 2 Clamp straps (quick fix) 4 Sheet metal 100 x 40 x 2 2 Sheet metal 100 x 100 x 2 3 Screws clamp straps 8 Screw sets for "Peschel" tube 16 1 m "Peschel" tube 16 2 Lock nuts PG 16
44
Male and female bushes PG 16 Glands PG 16 for flexible conduit Drill 4 mm Taps for PG 16
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE
Installation plan
1. steel conduit PG 16 2. "Peschel" tube PG 16 3. rapid fastening fastening clamp (see page 48, detail detail 1) 4. Screw clamp strap (see (see page 48, detail detail 2) 5. angle sheet sheet iron for for steel conduit conduit (see page 49, detail 3) 6. angle sheet sheet iron for fluorescent fluorescent lamp (as 5) 7. angle sheet sheet iron for switch, junction box (as 5) 8. angle steel 40/40/3
45
NOTE: Before starting erection work on steel structures contact authority having jurisdiction on corrosive protection. Make sure to meet the right measures for corrosive protection, i.e. paint the borings you drill.
PROCEDURE a)
Manufacture angle sheet irons irons for the switch, the junction box and the fluorescent fluorescent lamp.
b)
Drill it according to the dimensions of the devices mentioned above.
c)
Drill also also at at least two holes holes for one angle bracket to fix it on on the angle steel.
d)
Cut and drill angle steel according to drawing.
e)
Erect it on the training board.
f)
Cut steel conduits to necessary length, tap threads as required.
g)
Erect the steel conduits and the angle bracket on the angle steel.
h)
Cut "Peschel" tube to necessary length, screw it to the steel conduits.
i)
Erect the electrical devices.
j)
Plot a detailed wiring diagram.
k)
Wire and complete Installation.
l)
Function test.
Conclusion:
46
Detail 1: rapid fastening clamp
It is widely used for erection of electrical installation within industrial plants, as for these clamps neither drilling nor screwing is necessary, it allows fast working. Disadvantage: It damages the corrosive protection
Detail 2: screw clamp strap
The most common way of erecting electrical Installation on steel structure. It may be used for all sizes of conduits and steel structures.
47
Detail 3: auxiliary construction (angle bracket)
By means of angle bracket it is possible to erect switches, junction boxes, lamps, carriers etc. proper on steel structures.
48
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL EXERCISE EXERCISE 15:
Securing lighting fittings on a steel rope
1. TASK
To secure the fluorescent lamp on the wire rope.
2. EQUIPMENT
Fluorescent lamp fitting (hanging type) Screws and plugs Wire rope Former Turn-buckle Shear for wire rope Wire rope clips Tools Eyebolts Step ladder (aluminium) Plugs
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE
a)
Select the correct drill for the piugs.
b)
Drill the holes on the walk.
c)
Insert the plugs into the holes.
d)
Screw the eyebolts into the holes.
e)
Make two eyes eyes at at the ends of the wire rope using crosby clips and and the the formers. formers.
49
The number of Crosby clips and the spacing between them are found on the table shown below:
Wire rope dia. (mm)
Number of clips
Spacing between clips (mm)
6
2
3.8
8
2
5
10
2
5.7
11
2
6.3
1.3
3
7.6
16
3
10
20
4
10.7
The correct installation of Crosby clips is as follows: -
tighten the furthest clip from eye
-
strain the wire rope
-
tighten the other clips while the rope remains under strain
f)
Secure the fluorescent lamp on the wire cable.
g)
Link the the wire cable eyes, turn-buckles turn-buckles and eyebolts eyebolts together together at the both ends of the wire cable.
h)
Strain the wire cable using turn-buckles.
50
Conclusion:
51
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL EXERCISE EXERCISE 16:
Installation of high-pressure mercury vapour lamp
1. TASK
Secure a high-pressure mercury vapour lamp an a wire rope and determine the operating data of the circuit.
2. EQUIPMENT
High pressure mercury vapour lamp HQL 80W Lamp housing including series reactor to HQL 80W Wire rope Cable Switch Formers Crosby clips Eyebolts Plugs Tools Turn-buckles Shear for wire rope
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE
a)
Check the the wire wire rope erected in the previous exercise. Retighten the rope if required. required.
b)
Dismantle the lamp, describe describe the parts of the lamp and and their their functions and reassemble it.
52
c)
Secure the lamp fitting on the wire rope.
d)
Install the switch on the training board.
e)
Connect-up the lamp and switch.
f)
Apply nominal voltage.
g)
Check the the function function of the circuit as well as the switch on / switch off characteristic characteristic of the lamp.
Circuit diagram:
Conclusion:
53
LIGTHING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL EXERCISE EXERCISE 17:
Installation of high-pressure sodium vapour lamp
1. TASK
Secure a high-pressure sodium vapour lamp an a wire rope and determine the operating data of the circuit.
2. EQUIPMENT
High-pressure sodium vapour lamp NAV-E5OW Lamp housing including series reactor and ignition device to NAV-E5OW Wire rope Cable 3 x 2.5 mm2 PVC sheathed Switch Rope wire Crosby clips Tools Turn-buckles Plugs Eyebolts Former
3. CARRY OUT THE EXERCISE
a)
Check the the wire wire rope erected in the previous exercise. Retighten the rope if required. required.
b)
Dismantle the lamp, describe describe the parts of the lamp and and their their functions and reassemble it.
54
c)
Secure the lamp fitting on the wire rope.
d)
Install the switch on the training board.
e)
Connect-up lamp and switch.
f)
Apply nominal voltalte.
g)
Check the the function function of the circuit as well as the the switch on / switch off characteristic of the lamp.
Circuit diagram:
Conclusion:
55
KEY TO EVALUATION
PER CENT
MARK
88 – 100
1
75 – 87
2
62 – 74
3
50 – 61
4
0 – 49
5
56
EE081
Light ing Engineering Engineering Practical Test
57
LIGHTING ENGINEERING
PRACTICAL PRACTICAL TEST
TASK
Two 40 W fluorescent lamps should be connected so that t he total current is in phase with the supply voltage. The Power factor becomes almost unity with no stroboscopic effect. -
Complete the detailed wiring diagram.
-
Wire the switching circuit on the exercise panel.
The detailed wiring diagram
58
LIGHTING ENGINEERING PRACTICAL TEST (Solution)
The detailed wiring diagram
C1
= capacitor
L1, L2 = choke E1, E2 = fluorescent tube
Unity power factor is obtained when the two lamps are connected in a dual lamp (twin tube) circuit. In this circuit one lamp has inductive and the other has capacitive effect.
The light and dark periods overlap, giving almost flicker-free light (no stroboscopic effect).
59
LIGHTING ENGINEERING EVALUATION SHEET FOR PRACTICAL TEST
Points Correct detailed wiring diagram -
inductive branch
7
-
capacitive branch
7
14
Operation of the circuit -
inductive branch
15
-
capacitive branch
15
30
6
6
Neatness -
Installation of the components
Total points
60
50
KEY TO EVALUATION
PER CENT
MARK
88 – 100
1
75 – 87
2
62 – 74
3
50 – 61
4
0 – 49
5
61
