Eden-NET Overview Course

Eden-NET Overview Course Slide 1

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The co cont nten ents ts of th this is do docum cumen entt ar are e pr prop opri riet etar aryy an and d c on onf id id en en titia l pr op oper ty ty of No ki kia. Th is d oc oc um ume nt nt is provi pr ovided d ed sub subjec jectt to con confid fiden entia tialit lityy ob oblig ligati ations o ns of th the e applicable agreem agreement(s). ent(s). Thi hiss do docum cumen entt is int inten ended ded for us use e of No Noki kia a cus custom tomer erss and an d col colllab abor orat ator orss on onlly fo forr th the e pu purp rpos ose e fo forr whi which ch th this is doc um ument is s ub ub mi mi tttted by Nok ia. No par t of this docum doc ument ent may be rep reprod roduce uced d or mad ade e avai availa lable ble to the publi pu blic or toanythir toanythird d pa part rtyy in an anyy for form m or mea eansw nsw it itho hout ut the th e pri prior or writ written ten pe permi rmission s sion of Noki okia. a. This do docum cument ent is to be use used d by pro proper perly ly trai trained ned pro professi fession onal al perso personn nnel el.. Any use of the contents in this document is limited s trtr ic tltly to the us e( e( s) s) s pe pec if ic ic al ally c re reated in the applica app licabl ble e agre agreem ement( ent(s) s) un under der which the do docum cument is submi sub mitted. t ted. The us user er of th this is do docum cumen entt ma mayy volunta u ntaril rilyy provi pr ovide d e su sugg ggest estion ions, s, co comm mment entss or ot othe herr fee feedb dback ack to No ki kia in r es es pe pe ct ct of th e c on on te ten ts ts o f th is do cu cu me me nt nt ("Fe (" Feed edback back") ").. Suc Such h Feed eedba back ck may be us used ed in Nok okia ia

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products and relate d s pe pecif icatio ns ns or ot he her doc um umenta tition . A cc cc or or di dingly , if the us er er of this docum doc ument ent gi gives ves Nok Nokia ia feed feedba back ck on the con content tentss of th this is docum doc umen ent, t, Noki okia a ma mayy free freely ly use use,, di disclo sclose, se, rep reprod roduce uce,, license c ense,, di dist stri ribut bute e and ot othe herwise rwise co com mmer erci ciali alize z e th the e feedb fee dbac ackk in any Nokia pr prod oduct uct,, te tech chno nolog logy, y, se servi rvice ce,, specificati specifi cation on or oth other er docu docum menta entatio tion. n.

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Nok okia ia is a re regi gist ster ered ed tr trad adema emark rk of Nokia Cor orpo pora ratio tion. n. Othe Ot herr pro produ duct ct and com compa pany ny nam names es me mentio ntioned ned he herei rein n may be trad e marks or trade na mes of the ir respective respect ive owners.

© Nokia 2017

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Introduction to Self Organized Organized Network (SON)

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Eden-NET framework, architecture and interfaces

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Eden-NET User Types

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Eden-NET modules

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Introduction to Eden-NET GUI

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Introduction to SON

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New user devices and evolving network usage has dramatically increased user demand for mobile network data capacity.

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Radio frequency spectrum represents the fundamental resource on which wireless networks are built. Clear spectrum suitable for broadband mobile wireless support is becoming increasingly scarce, creating the need for spectrum sharing solutions.

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Traditional model of increasing network capacity by simply adding cells leads to diminishing returns on additional capital investment, creating new network management challenges without additional automation of network management processes.

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Future wireless networks managing billions upon billions of data-hungry, mobileconnected devices will require additional levels of automation such as Self Organizing Networks (SON)

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User demand for mobile broadband data is accelerating and placing substantial pressure on mobile network operators to deliver in light of the additional demand on network capacity. This trend is driven by video-enabled, and even video-centric, smartphones, tablets, and wireless enabled laptops and the data hungry applications they support. Network operators will not be able to adequately address these issues through conventional techniques such as cell splitting and transitioning to newer 4G technologies alone. New solutions, including increased levels of network automation such as SON-enabled smart networks will be an important part of the overall data delivery solution.

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Workflow Automation •

Self-Configuring

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Deployment & Set-up

Operational Efficiency improvements Actionable reports and Alerts Consistency in Operations Tool ecosystemintegration

Autonomous Network Optimization •

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Increase network quality, reliability and performance Optimized capacity and coverage

Dynamic Network Adaptation •

Self-Optimization

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Dynamic NE re-configurations Mobility Lo ad Balancing Special event handling Energy Savings

Coordination & control

Traffic Steering Management •

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Enhanced Load Balancing for WCDMA and LTE: inter frequency, inter RAT and tilt based load balancing. Frequency priority based traffic steering

Network reliability Automation

Self-Healing

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Failure detection and automatic recovery Faster maintenance and reduced outage times NE reconfiguration for compensation

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In iSON we went with the standard 3GPP prescribed SON functional areas of Self-config, self-opti and self-healing, whereas in Eden-NET we’ve given these functional areas a different name. So Self-configuration in iSON Manager becomes Workflow automatation that includes features that contribute to improved operational efficiency , consistency in operations. Self optimization is broken into 3 sub categories – autonomous network optimization that helps in improved network quality, improved coverage and capac ity of the network. Dynamic Network adaptation – is a sub category that includes dynamic NE re-configuration, dynamic load balancing And the 3rd sub-category is the Traffic Steering Management which deals with pushing the traffic to the right layer of a network, allow freq priortiy based traffic steering. In the self healing area which is mapped to Network reliability automation which deals with features like sleeping cell detection, cell outage compenstaion etc.

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With SON, network operators can see key improvements their networks. SON automation can lead to: Reduced network management costs :

SON

Network

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Faster Network Expansions Day to day activities automation Reduce energy usage

Improved network performance

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Better Network Management visibility Improves Tracking of the Network The Operation teams become more efficient

Benefits of using SON Expensive

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Increased user on-demand data rates Reduced call drops and access failures Increases in customer retention and reduced churn

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Automatic

High

Low

Fast

Cheap

Network Management

Improved end user ex perience

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Manual

Slow

Network Expansion Efficient

Good

Excellent

Network Performance

More Efficient

Operation Team

Energy usage

Daily activities Okay

Awesome

User Experience

High

Low

Customer Churn

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SON improves the network efficiency with faster expansions and day to day automation tasks, not only saving money and energy consuming, but focusing the resources in more challenging tasks. Improved network performance resulting in fewer dropped calls and higher peak data rates leads to both increased network capacity and associated revenues but also to improvements in consumer experience and reductions in costly user churn.

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Eden-NET architecture

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New Layer of Cloud Software Intelligence for 2G, 3G, and 4G Networks. OSS Level SON Framework SON Operating System Supports Modular SON Application Modules Multi-Vendor Support via Extensible Drivers Multi-Technology SON Solution (2G, 3G, 4G) Extensive SON Module Library Pre-engineered SON Modules Cover Major 3GPP/NGMN SON Use Cases Custom User Defined Modules Supported via Open SON Scripting Complete OSS Level SON Automation Map Based SON Configuration Robust SON Security and Management Features Intuitive Web based SON Control Panel •

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Eden Net SON solution adds a new layer of intelligence to the network resulting in the most reliable robust system for dynamic monitoring and controlling of the resources.

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2G/3G Packet Switched Core Network IuPS

Internet

HSS

MME S1-c

Iub

NodeB

NodeB

S5

S11

S6a RNC

SGi

S3

Gr

eNodeB

S-GW

P-GW

Itf-N

S1-u

eNodeB

Eden-NET

3G OSS

4G OSS

Eden-NET supports 2G, 3G, and 4G. 11

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Eden-NET Commercial OSS level SON server operates across 3GPP defined Itf-N operations and maintenance interfaces and does not require any direct connection to individual wireless base stations (BTS, NodeB, eNodeB). This architecture provides SON automation for new and existing commercial wireless networks including 2G, 3G, and 4G systems.

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Eden-NET SON Framework Mobile Operator SON Modules

RF Planning System

SON Script Controller

Government Applications SON Modules

RAN OEM NMS/OSS

Web GUI Controller

Scripting APIs to Ext ernal Systems

KPI Engine

Logs & Alarm Management Security Management

RF Prediction Engine

Configuration Management

Geo-location Engine

RAN OEM SON Modules

Geo-location System Alarm Management System

Antenna Management Systems

Real Time RRM Engine Network Visualization

Network Performance Network Configuration

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The SON Framework serves the function of operating system for SON that makes easy to the Operators to manage and enable the individual SON modules. The SON Framework interacts with external systems such as OSS/NMS systems, antenna management systems, RF Planning systems, and Alarm Management systems. The scripting framework includes software API’s to interface with these external systems. Similar to other operating systems the SON framework must support a host of network security and user permissions features as well as geo-scoping or SON Module targeting to specific network elements for example running a particular custom SON optimization module on just the wireless cells serving a busy highway corridor or targeting a different SON automation script to only heavily loaded urban cells in a busy business district. These features reside within the framework where the actual SON business logic and SON optimization policies based on collected system metrics resides within the specific SON use case modules.

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Another Vendor OSS Configuration Management (CM) CM data retrieved and pushed over CORBA interface

CM

PM

Events

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A B R O C

Performance Monitoring (PM) data PM data retrieved via FTP, CORBA or via direct data base access for NetAct Other vendor example - PM data retrieved via FTP for Ericsson OSS-RC

CM Data

Event Data NOKIA Megamon data retrieved via FTP Other vendor example - Ericsson GPEH data retrieved via FTP •

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PM Data

P T F

ltf-N interface

Event Data

Vendor-specific drivers

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P T F

Eden-NET

Network

Vendor-specific drivers

LTE, WCDMA, GSM

CM Data

PM Data

A B R O C

/ o e A t / t s P B c a T R e b F r t a O i D a C D

CM

Other supported interfaces: Direct to Database, SOAP and XML

PM

Event Data

P T F

ltf-N interface

Events

NOKIA NetAct OSS

Vendor-specific software drivers are needed to integrate new system

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OSS level SON automation tasks for 2G, 3G, and 4G networks are carried out entirely by the centralized SON server which utilizes vendor specific software drivers to interface with specific network management systems. The illustration above demonstrates a typical two vendor network employing a mixture of Ericsson and NSN radio access network equipment with their corresponding element management systems. The centralized SON server interfaces via well defined interfaces for the purposes of collecting performance metrics or call trace data as inputs to SON algorithms. The centralized SON server also interfaces to each OSS for the purpose of reading or writing network configuration parameters such as neighbor list data or specific operational parameters. Additional external systems such as alarm systems, location services systems, backhaul management systems are integrated to the centralized SON server in a similar manner also utilizing vendor specific software drivers.

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Flexible

Centralized

Multi-vendor

Multi-technology

Extensible

Layered architecture

Network Configuration

SON Modules (Python)

Network Performance Monitor

Python Interpreter

OAM&P

Module Scheduler

RF Prediction Engine

Network Visualization

Open SON API User Interface

MySQL DB Geo-Location Engine

SON Module Engine

SON Events & Logging

SON Adapte r Layer

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Ericsson OSS Int. (CM/PM/GPEH)

ALU OSS Int. (CM/PM/Analyz er)

Email Server

RF Planning Tool Interface

Nokia OSS Int. (CM/PM/MegaMon)

Huawei OSS Int. (CM/PM/CDR)

Operator Specified Databases

Alarm Server Interface

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Eden-NET User Types

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Each successive user type possesses all of the capabilities and accesses of the lower privilege levels

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In addition to any items added at each level

Fundamental procedures are available to all user types

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Administrator SON Module Manager SON Module Exec utor

Viewing network topology Selecting Cells Creating Clusters

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SON Monitor

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SON Monitor Retrieving and analyzing SON Module output performance reports Viewing and analyzing network performance metrics •

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SON Module Executor SON Monitor capabilities Stopping SON Modules Configuring, running, and scheduling future SON Module executions Viewing the content of SON Modules (when available) •

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SON Module Manager SON Module Executor Capabilities Setting both user and modul e priorities Managing advanced SON Module configuration Configuring SON Module default parameter values Configuring SON Exclusion List Configuring Black and White Lists Executing Netw ork Rollback Scheduling, enabling, and di sabling the connection between Eden-NET and the OSS •

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Site Creation User Retrieving and analyzing SON Module output performance reports View ing and analyzing network performance metrics Modify Site Creation settings Triggering site creation operation View ing and interrupting ongoing site creation operation •

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Administrator User All other user type capabilities Creating, adding, editing, and deleting Eden-NET user accounts Managing SON Module permissions and Geofence List on a per-user basis Scheduling, enabling, and disabling the connection between Eden-NET and the OSS Access to security events and directory server information •

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Eden-NET Modules

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SON Module

2G

3G

SON Module

4G

Au to m ati c Neigh bo r Relat ion s (A NR) Optimization

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Reuse Code Optimization (RCO) PCI Optimization, SC Optimization

NA

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Coverage and Capacity Optim ization (CCO)

NA

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Mobility Robust nes s Optimization (MRO)

NA

NA

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PRACH Parame ter Optim ization

NA

NA

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CA Dynamic Configuration

NA

NA

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Aut om atic Param et er Optim izati on

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NA

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4G

Mobility Load Balancing (MLB)

NA

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Energy Saving Management (ESM)

NA

NA

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Workflow Automation Modules

Traffic Steering Management NA

3G

Dynamic Network Adaptation Modules

Auton omo us Net wor k Opt imiz ati on Mod ule s

Multiband Traffic Steer ing

2G

Aut om atic Per fo rm ance Repo rt s (incl ud es Worst Performing Cells)

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Real Time Aler ts

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Paramete r Cons istency Enforcem ent

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Aut om ate d Site Cre atio n

NA

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Network Reliability Automation Modules Sleeping Cell Detectio n and Resolu tion

NA

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Cell Outage Compensation

NA

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Crossed Antenna Detection

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Let s take a look at what SON modules are available now. I ve highlighted the rows that I am going to discuss about in this session, the rest are still being discussed internally. ’

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Automatic Neighbor Relations (ANR) Optimization Reuse Code Optimization (RCO)

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PCI Optimization SC Optimization

Coverage and Capacity Optimization (CCO) Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO) PRACH Parameter Optimization CA Dynamic Configuration Automatic Parameter Optimization

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Automatic Neighbor Relations (ANR) Optimization Overview: In modern mobile networks, different technologies operate simultaneously. These networks are also form ed by a blend of macro-cells and small cells. Traditional methods, which typically use RF planning tools’ coverage predictions, and drive-test measurements to define and optimize the neighbor cell relations, now become extremely complex, expensive, and timeconsuming. The Eden-NET SON solution solves this issue with its Automatic Neighbor Relations (or ANR) comprehensive SON module. This ANR module automatically configures the neighbor cell relations for 2G, 3G, and 4G. The ANR module in Eden-NET serves four main functions: detecting missing cell neighbor relations; adding neighbor relations; replacing neighbor relations; and removing or trimm ing neighbor relations Module : LTE_ANR_Blacklisting, LTE_Frequency_Rules, ANR_2G, ANR_3G, LTE_ANR_Cleanup, ANR_4G_IRAT, LMSEnforcement Supported vendors and technologies: •

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Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei (GSM, WCDMA, LTE) ALU (WCDMA, LTE)

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ANR: In modern mobile networks, different technologies operate simultaneously. These networks are also formed by a blend of macro-cells and small cells. Traditional methods, which typically use RF planning tools’ coverage predictions, and drive-test measurements to define and optimize the neighbor cell relations, now become extremely complex, expensive, and time-consuming. The Eden-NET SON solution solves this issue with its Automatic Neighbor Relations (or ANR) comprehensive SON module. This ANR module automatically configures the neighbor cell relations for 2G, 3G, and 4G. The ANR module in Eden-NET serves four main functions: detecting missing cell neighbor relations; adding neighbor relations; replacing neighbor relations; and removing or trimming neighbor relations. This module brings many benefits, including: higher handover success rate, fewer dropped-calls, and lower operational and capital expenses.

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Eden-NET Overview Course

3G ANR: When the 3G ANR SON module is executed, it gathers information from the cell plan and OSS for all the cells undergoing optimization. The information needed is the location, azimuth, angle of the antenna main beam, neighbor lists, and several 3G PM counters of both source and potential target cells. With this information, the 3G ANR SON module determines the tier-1 neighbors of the source cell. If there are white-listed tier-1 neighbors that are not included already in the Neighbor Relations Table (NRT) of the source cell, the 3G ANR SON module detects missing neighbor relations. Then, it tries to add these neighbors to the NRT. The addition of neighbors is based on detected set reporting (or DSR) measurements. The 3G ANR SON module also replaces poorly performing neighbors in the neighbor relations table with better performing neighbors, based on KPIs in 24-hour period. All neighbors that are not white-listed or have a tier count greater than threshold set by the user are removed from the neighbor list. Finally, the 3G ANR SON supports Intra-frequency, inter-frequency and inter-radio access technology (IRAT) handover.

4G ANR: Similar to the 3G ANR module, the 4G ANR module gathers prerequisite information from the cell plan and the OSS. This information includes location, azimuth, angle of the antenna main beam, LTE intra-frequency neighbor lists, LTE inter-radio access technology neighbor lists, and handover performance management counters of both source and potential target cells. Tier counting and geolocation scoring is used by ANR to evaluate potential missing neighbors and help determine distant and erroneous neighbors. After finding a missing relation, the 4G ANR module will add all the LTE white-listed tier-1 neighbors to the opti mized cell’s NRT. The 2G and 3G cells co-sited with LTE neighbors go on top of intra LTE-Frequency neighbors. Meanwhile, the 2G and 3G cells that are not co-sited with LTE neighbors are identified by tier counting. Unlike the 2G and 3G ANR modules, the 4G ANR module only trims the neighbor list, instead of deleting neighbors from the neighbor relations table. The trimming is applied on neighbors with an IRAT HO success rate less than threshold, which is usually 50%.

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Automatic Neighbor Relations (ANR) Optimization Description 2G ANR, 3G ANR, LTE ANR IRAT: Detects missing relations, replacement of poor performing relations with detected missing relations, removes poorly performing relations, enforcement of operator policies. LTE ANR Cleanup: Based on file with source-target pair o r based on user defined threshold critera. Blacklisting LTE neighbor relations : Blacklisting of neighbors based o n handover performance in the network. LTE Frequency Rules: creates/deletes the inter-frequency objects for LTE cells in a network LMS Enforcement: Determines the compliance of the neighbor relations to the operator’s LMS

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Benefits Higher handover success rate, few er dropped-calls, and lower operational and capital expenses

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Reuse Code Optimization (RCO): PCI Optimization Overview: Identify and replace illegal Use of Reserved PCIs (e.g., reserved PCIs for small cells) Identify and replace planning PCIs •

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PCIs that are reserved for new deployment can be identified and replaced with operational PCIs (in case of conflicts)

Identify and resolve PCI Collisions Identify and resolve PCI Confusions

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resolution for PCI confusion can be either Retune PCI or neighbor removal of one PCI confusion cell from the neighbor list

Identify and resolve downlink and uplink interference on reference signals due to conflicts from the same PCI mod 3/30 values used by adjacent neighbor cells Module : PCIReuse Supported vendors and technologies: Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei, ALU (LTE)

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The Reuse Code Optimization (RCO) module optimizes the broadcast channel f requency and base station identity code for GSM, scrambling code for WCDMA, and physical cell ID for LTE. The RCO module optimally assigns new codes f rom restricted reuse code ranges to cells to eliminate all detected collisions. It detects reuse code collisions up to four neighbor hops away. This module brings sev eral major performance gains such as f ewer handover failures and fewer dropped calls.

Physical Cell ID (PCI) Similar to the scrambling codes in WCDMA, the Physical Cell ID (PCI) is a vital cell parameter in LT E that allows the UEs to synchronize and handover to cells. The 4G RCO module makes sure that any PCI confusions are detected and resolved to ensure reliable network service. This module first identifies PCI confusions by scanning all the neighbor cells with the same PCI. A PCI confusion occurs when the target cells have the same frequency and PCI, and the r eference signal received power (RSRP) reaches the handover threshold on these cells. A PCI confusion creates handover failures and service drops in the UE . The 4G RCO module tries to resolve PCI co nfusions by PCI retuning or neighbor r emoval. PCI retuning finds PCIs that maximize reuse distance and reuse tier. Any PCIs that are blacklisted, reserved, or may create a PCI collision or confusion are excluded. Neighbor removal, as a means to resolve PC I confusion issues, is also p ossible.

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Reuse Code Optimization (RCO): PCI Optimization Description Module relies on follow ing for resolving collisions & confusions

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defined neighbor data location data

Handover performance KPIs are included to determine collisions & confusions Replaces planning PCIs with new PCIs Maintains reuse distance whi le new PCI allocation Suggests neighbor removal Operator can define forbidden/reserved PCI lists Module generates extensive reports that indi cate confusion, collision, PCI Mod 3, PCI Mod 30, Planning PCI issues amongst other data.

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Benefits Brings several major performance gains such as few er handover failures and fewer dropped calls

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Reuse Code Optimization (RCO): Scrambling Code Optimization Overview: The 3G RCO module offers efficient reuse of 512 unique scrambling codes across the 3G network. This ensures that no neighbors have the same scrambling code assigned. The 3G RCO module can detect conflicts between the source cell and neighbors up to four hops away. This module also suggests removal of neighbors with poor handover KPIs. Finally, operators can maintain a reserved or forbidden set of scrambling codes. Forbidden codes can’t be used in the WCDMA reuse code optimization. •

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Module : SCReuse Supported vendors and technologies: Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei, ALU, ZTE (WCDMA)

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The 3G RCO module offers efficient reuse of 512 uniqu e scrambling codes across the 3G network. This ensures that no neighbors have the same scrambling code assigned. A Scrambling Code (SC) is a very important cell parameter because it is used by UEs in cell synchronization and handover procedures. Sub-optimal SC use will lead to conflicts that result in dropped calls, handover failures, and problems in radio channel estimations. The 3G RCO module can detect conflicts between the source cell and neighbors up to four hops away. This module also suggests removal of neighbors with poor handover KPIs. Finally, operators can maintain a reserved or forbidden set of scrambling c odes. Forbidden codes can’t be used in the WCDMA reuse code optimization.

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Reuse Code Optimization (RCO): Scrambling Code Optimization Description Modules detect reuse code collisions up t o four neighbor hops from each other. Module optimally assigns new codes to cells to elim inate all detected collisions. Modules configurable to m aintain common co-sector reuse codes when implementing retunes. Configurable for restricted reuse code ranges.

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Benefits Minimize both HO failures and the percentage of i nterfered traffics

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Coverage and Capacity Optimization (CCO) Overview: The Eden-NET LTE CCO module detects LTE cells that are overshooting and undershooting and apply corrective actions to mitigate this issue through either antenna tilts. By controlling the coverage footprint the module shall reduce interference and improve cell capacity. The CCO module identifies overshooting and the undershooting cells in the network. The CCO module will recommend down-tilting the over-shooters and up-tilting the under-shooters. These recommendations are implemented in an open-loop. In order for these recommendations to be actually implemented, the antennas to be up-tilted or down-tilted need to support RET. Module : CoverageCapacity / LTECCO Supported vendors and technologies: Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei, ALU (WCDMA, LTE), ZTE (WCDMA – limited support) •

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The Eden-NET Coverage and Capacity Optimization (CCO) module automatically adapts antenna tilts to maximize coverage and capacity, while minimizing interference between the cells. The CCO module identifies overshooting and the undershooting cells in the network. Overshooting cells are the ones that send and receive handovers to and from neighbors beyond a configured tier. In contrast, undershooting cells have a proportion of handover failures in tier1neighbors above the threshold. The CCO module will recommend down-tilting the over-shooters and up-tilting the under-shooters. These recommendations are implemented in an open-loop. In order for these recommendations to be actually implemented, the antennas to be up-tilted or down-tilted need to support RET. 3G CCO: The 3G CCO Module identifies which cells are under-shooters and over-shooters by analyzing the neighbor-directed handover attempts and successes, Detected Set Reporting (DSR), Call Trace Events, antenna location and azimuth information, and tilt score. Then, this module proposes corrective actions for the most severely undershooting and overshooting cells. The corrective actions will be in-line with the configurable CCO policies, such as: max tilt adjustment, or power adjustment per iteration. The up-tilt or down-tilt actions of the antenna beam will be either done as open-loop or closed-loop modes. Finally, this module generates a report with all the changes performed during the closed-loop implementation. Closed-loop means that the configuration changes are actually implemented to the antenna with the help of RET after execution. 4G CCO: The 4G CCO module uses several handover, antenna, location, neighbor information data, and KPIs to detect under-shooting and overshooting cells. The CCO module will recommend down-tilting the over-shooters and up-tilting the under-shooters. These recommendations are to be implemented in open-loop or closed-loop. Open-loop means that the configurations will not be actually applied but just checked for consistency. The closed-loop implementation is actually performed on antennas that support RET.

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Coverage and Capacity Optimization (CCO) Description Identifies overshooting cells and then, the module will push plans to correct these cells via RET tilt chan ges and/or CPICH power reduction. Identifies undershooting cells and then, the module w ill push plans to correct these cells via RET tilt changes (up til t) and/or CPICH power increases. The module w orks in an iterative fashion t o optimally converge to a steady state. Changes to th e radio network are made on a 24 hour cycle to allow RF changes to be monitored before the next iteration of changes can be applied.

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Benefits Identification of over-shooting and under-shooting cells to achieve performance gains.

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Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO) Overview: The Mobility Robustness Optimization (or MRO) module automatically detects and corrects LTE mobility errors that cause Radio Link Failure (RLF) due to: early handover, late handover, or handover to the wrong cell. This module corrects the LTE mobility errors by optimizing the mobility parameters between LTE cells on the same frequency, or by rollback to previous configurations if degradation was observed after a configuration change. It also optimizes the connected mode parameters and checks if this creates an unbalance with the idle mode. Module : Inter-RAT_MRO / LTE_MRO / MRO_Intra_InterFreq_LTE Supported vendors and technologies: Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei •

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The Mobility Robustness Optimization (or MRO) module automatically detects and corrects LTE mobility errors that cause Radio Link Failure (RLF) due t o: early handover, late handover, or handover to the wrong cell. This module corrects the LTE mobility errors by optimizing the mobility parameters between LTE cells on the same frequency, or by rollback to previous configurations if degradation was observed after a configuration change. It also optimizes the connected mode parameters and checks if this creates an unbalance with the idle mode. This results in improved handover success rate between source a nd neighbor, limited number of late and early handovers, rare handovers to wrong cell, a nd fewer HO oscillations. M oreover, the alignment between connected and idle mode is maintained.

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Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO) Late

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Description Algorithm in a nutshell: Check the handover performance If issues, check the type of conn ected-mode mobility issues: •

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Benefits Improved handover success rate between source and neighbor, limited number of late and early handovers, rare handovers to wrong cell, and fewer HO oscillations. Moreover, the alignment between connected and idle mode is maintained. 33

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PRACH Parameter Optimization Overview: PRACH allocations in one cell might interfere with PRACH allocations in other neighboring cells, thereby decreasing the RACH detection probability and limited coverage. PRACH configuration of a LTE cell should be unique in its neighborhood Manual planning of PRACH parameters is tedious and error prone This module provides quick fine tuning of PRACH parameters to suit changing radio conditions Resulting in improved Random access performance Module : PRACH_Optimization_LTE Supported vendors and technologies: Nokia, Ericsson (LTE) •

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RSI, Freq.offset, Conf.Index, CycShift is unique between two cells

Conflicts check criteria for 1. TD-LTE cells: If the PRACH configuration of two cells within the user defined reuse distance is not differentiated either on , then a conflict is reported. 2. FD-LTE cells (Time synchronized) If the PRACH configuration of two cells within the user defined reuse distance is not differentiated either on , then a conflict is reported. 3. FD-LTE cells (Time unsynchronized) If the PRACH configuration of two cells within the user defined reuse distance is not differentiated either on , then a conflict is reported. Because synchronization status of cells are not known hence Time shouldn’t be used as a differentiator

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PRACH Parameter Optimization Description PRACH optimization feature in Eden-NET allow operators to perform the following operations: Fresh Allocation: •

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Detect and Resolve PRACH Conflicts:

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Benefits Minimize UL interference among RACH attempts from neighboring cells

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Operations efficiency: With PRACH Optimization, OPEX saving can be achieved by reducing the need for Manual planning, data transfer or plan completion. Improved PRACH detection probability. Improved overall performance for Random Access and other procedures

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CA Dynamic Configuration Overview: Carrier aggregation refers to combining multiple carriers. This helps to increase the available transmission bandwidth and hence achieve higher data rates for end user Operators with fragmented spectrum can provide better user experience as carriers can be aggregated across bands. Eden-NET Carrier Aggregation Configuration module enable the operator to utilize the fragmented spectrum efficiently and achieve higher throughput per user. Automatically determine and configure the overlapping cell pairs for Carrier Aggregation saving the tedious manual effort needed for configuring Carrier Aggregation parameters in LTE Module : Carrier_Aggregation_Optimization_LTE Supported vendors and technologies: Nokia (LTE) •

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CA Dynamic Configuration Description Automatically determine and configure the overlapping cell pairs for Carrier Aggregation Set the needed parameter values for both Primary Cell (PCell) and Secondary Cell (SCell) CA Supports

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Intra-eNB and Inter-eNB Super Cell Flexible SCell selection CSG Cells (Closed Subscriber Group) SDLC Cells (Supplemental Dow nlink Channel) Small Cells (Flexizone Micro and Flexizone Controller) 3GPP based Band and Bandwidth Combination Sets.

Benefits Automatic and optimized cell selection to avoid any tedious manual planning and setting of cell combinations which are used in LTE mobility scenarios 37

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Automatic Parameter Optimization Overview: Operators are trying to get the most out of their networks everyday. This requires that each and every parameter is set to an optimal value depending on the various operator scenarios. Optimizing radio parameters is a laborious time consuming manual process. •

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The Automatic Parameter Optimization module automates the tuning of a set of parameters to reach a defined goal. Trials of these tunings are carried out with different combinations in each iteration. If parameters have not been optimized, this module will return to the initial values.

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Automatic Parameter Optimization Description Automatic Parameter Optimization module allows customer to arrive at optimal configurations by evaluating different parameter sets against performance metrics in an automated manner for multi vendor networks. Supports rollback to the initial values Supports permanent pushing of optimal configuration into the network. Facilitate customized configuration for new radio network features.

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Benefits Faster rollout of new radio network features with optimal configuration OPEX reduction in customi zed configuration for new radio network features. 39

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Multiband Traffic Steering

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Multiband Traffic Steering Overview: Operators have various ways and means of handling traffic steering functionality at the radio level such as Directed RRC or MBLB radio features. Each of these brings in its own complexity and elaborate process of configuring 50+ CM parameters manually. Any non-optimized radio parameters leads to imbalances in the network capacity, spectrum utilization and negates the usage of load balancing features. This module provides centralized management of the multi-band load balancing and dSON features. Module : MultiBand_Traffic_Steering_WCDMA Supported vendors and technologies: Nokia (WCDMA) •

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Multiband Traffic Steering Description “Multi-Band Traffic Steering - WCDMA” module periodically checks Network State and applies if needed Configuration Template appropriate for detected Network State. The module recognizes tw o Network States: Basic and Alternative. Network states are based on KPI rules defined by operator. Ruleset can have one or many KPI rules.

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Benefits Centralized activation/deactivation and optimization of radio level load balancing features. Simplified and faster means t o configure and deploy load balancing features at th e radio level. 42

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Mobility Load Balancing (MLB) Energy Saving Management (ESM)

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Mobility Load Balancing (MLB) Overview: Improve network performance by dynamically re-configuring network elements to optimally serve the demands of active subscribers during periods of sp ecial conditions At times it is possible to have some cells loaded heavily while adjacent cells are lightly loaded. In Mobility Load Balancing the objective is to re-distribute the load from heavily loaded cells to adjacent lightly loaded cells. As the overload conditions are temporary the configuration changes originated due to this are temporary as well. Module : LoadBalancing / LoadBalancingLte Supported vendors and technologies: Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei, ALU (WCDMA, LTE), ZTE (WCDMA) •

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The Mobility Load Balancing (MLB) module is a function that automatically allows cells suffering from congestion to steer a percentage of their traffic to other, less loaded neighboring cells. This distributed load on available cells results in higher network throughput and efficient network utilization. The MLB module collec ts several congestion indicators for each targ et cell at every iteration related to traffic volumes, network resources util ization, and average throughput. Then, it examines these KPIs to determine if there are any overloaded cells. A ny detected traffic overload will be distributed to less-loaded neighbor cells. Finally, the MLB module monitors several mobility KPIs of optimized cells to ensure that correct decisions have been made.

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3G MLB : The 3G MLB module identifies cells that are overloaded based on data access failures, call drop rates, average Received Total Wideband Power (RTWP), and ot her relevant KPIs. The optimization triggers a redistribution of traffic from the overloaded cells to lightly-loaded neighbor cells. The MLB algorithm ensures that the redistribution does not create a new overloaded cell, nor will it distribute traffic to already overloaded neighbor cells. The traffic redistribution is achieved by: CPICH changes, Cell Individual Offset changes, open-loop or closedloop modes, MLB optimizations, and maximum hold time. All changes are reverted to original settings when the maximum hold time expires. Traffic distribution is possible by: ✓ CPICH changes ✓ CIO changes ✓ Open-loop or closed-loop modes ✓ Maximum hold time 4G MLB: The 4G MLB Module is used to eliminate temporary LTE cell overload conditions. It pinpoints cells that are overloaded based on data access failures, call drop rates, average PRB utilization, and other relevant KPIs. The optimization triggers a redistribution of traffic from the overloaded cells to lightly-loaded neighbor cells. The MLB algorithm ensures that the redistribution does not create a new overloaded cell or distribute traffic to already overloaded neighbor cells. The traffic redistribution is achieved by: use of idle mode reselection parameters, dedicated mode parameters to immediate neighbor cells, open-loop and closed-loop modes, MLB optimizations, and configurable Cell Individual Offset. All changes are reverted to original settings when the congestion timer expires. Traffic distribution is possible by: ✓ Idle-mode reselection parameters ✓ Dedicated-mode parameters ✓ Configurable CIO ✓ Open-loop or closed-loop modes ✓ Maximum hold time

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Mobility Load Balancing (MLB) Description Module identifies cells th at are overloaded based on data access failures, call drop rates, average Received Total Wideband Power(RTWP) and other relevant KPIs. The optimization triggers a redistribution of traffic from the overloaded cells to lightly loaded neighbor cells. The MLB algorithm ensures that t he redistribution does not create a new overloaded cell or distribute traffic to already overloaded neighbor cells. All changes are reverted to original settings w hen the congestion timer expires.

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Benefits Operations and netw ork efficiency: OPEX saving can be achi eved by automated analysis and optimization process. CAPEX saving by efficiently utilizing existing network resources during increased traffic demands. 46

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Energy Saving Management (ESM) Overview: Energy Saving Management is a Self-Organized Network operation aimed at saving energy during low load periods and thereby decreasing the operator's OPEX. Nokia Eden-NET Energy-Saving Management – LTE (ESM-LTE) module enables the operator to set policies to minimize consumption of energy, while maintaining coverage, capacity and quality of service. The permitted impact on coverage, capacity and quality of service is determined by the operator’s policy. ESM-LTE module manages the distributed energy saving features in Nokia NEs by automating the process of detecting and creating the Power saving groups and facilitating the switching off and switching on of resources based on load conditions. Module : Energy_Saving_Management_LTE Supported vendors and technologies: Nokia (LTE) •

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Energy Saving Management (ESM) Description Identifying and assigning cells within a single eNB that cover the same coverage area to the sam e power saving group. The user controls the percentage of overlap required for cells to be identified as serving the same coverage area. Overlapping cells are identified using the antenna parameters of the cells. Assign the order, based on user controlled parameters, by which cell resources will be switched off when reduced capacity demand allow s energy saving. Set user specified load thresholds values and energy saving time periods for the pow er saving groups. Optionally update the relative cell capacity class of t he cells in the eNB.

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Benefits Automatic and optimized power saving group configuration to avoid any tedious manual planning and setting of cell combinations which are used in Nokia LTE energy savings dis tributed SON scenarios. 48

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Automatic Performance Reports (includes Worst Performing Cells) Real Time Alerts Parameter Consistency Enforcement Automated Site Creation

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Automatic Performance Reports (includes Worst Performing Cells) Overview: Another of the major time consuming tasks for operators, especially for users, is the required analysis of performance of the network. This analysis, although highly important, is currently done manually and thus preventing them from spending their time and knowledge implementing value-added actions to improve their network. The Automatic Performance Reports Module automates these tasks and thus allows the operators to achieve important OPEX savings. Module : WorstPerfCellKPI Supported vendors and technologies: Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei, ALU (GSM, WCDMA, LTE) •

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Automatic Performance Reports (includes Worst Performing Cells) Description Collect specific KPIs evaluated for a set of target cells. Apply a ranking criterion to th e collected KPI values. Use a performance evaluation window size, which is the num ber of hours of data over which the cell is evaluated. Allow the t he user to specify the number of cells to be included in a report. Send an optional e-mail to the RF engineers with the performance reports.

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Benefits Measurement of the network net work performance by ranking provided by the module of the worst performing cells due to a KPI value

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Real Time Alerts Overview: This module allows the users to evaluate specific KPIs for a set of target cells based on a set of predefined thresholds. The module will monitor the KPIs in the t he network against against the pre-defined thresh t hreshold, old, prepare report and notify the user via email about worst performing area. Module : PerfAlertKPI Supported vendors and technologies: Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei, ALU (GSM, WCDMA, LTE) •

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When a SON module is configured in Eden-NET, thresholds also need to be defined. The module that is in charge of watching the thresholds is called ‘Real-Time Alerts’. The Real-Time Alerts module monitors all the KPIs in the GSM, WCDMA, and LTE networks against the thresholds definitions. When any KPI breaches its threshold, this module generates a report and notifies the user via email about the worst performing areas.

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Real Time Alerts Description Monitor the KPIs in the netw ork against the pre-defined threshold and prepares a report. Supports 2G, 3G and LTE KPIs Daily email report is sent to the RF engineers.

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Benefits Immediate indications indicat ions to operators when the monitored KPIs KPIs cross defined thresholds. A pow erful tool to monitor the performance of the network netw ork in real. real. 53

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Parameter Consistency Enforcement Overview: The Eden-NET Parameter Consistency Enforcement (PCE) module audits all of the network configurations. It then detects which 2G, 3G, and 4G RAN parameters are inconsistent and which parameters have been changed. The parameters consistency check is made against an INI configuration file that contains the parameter settings recommended by the operator for national, regional, and market levels. Any parameter changes that are inconsistent with the configuration file will not be implemented. This module also generates a comprehensive report detailing detected parameter inconsistencies and actions taken by the module. Module : PCEModule Supported vendors and technologies: Nokia, Ericsson Huawei (GSM, WCDMA, LTE), ALU (3g, 4G), ZTE (3G) •

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The Eden-NET Parameter Consistency Enforcement (PCE) module audits all of the network configurations. It then detects which 2G, 3G, and 4G RAN parameters are inconsistent and which parameters have been changed. The parameters consistency check is made against an INI configuration file that contains the parameter settings recommended by the operator for national, regional, and market levels. Any parameter changes that are inconsistent with the configuration file will not be implemented. This module also generates a comprehensive report detailing detected parameter inconsistencies and actions taken by the module. Three Configurations Files: ✓ National level ✓ Regional level ✓ Market level

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Parameter Consistency Enforcement Description Audits, Enforces, and Reports Radio Access Network Configuration. Operator specified configuration in Excel format. Three levels of enforcement – National, Regional, Market: Separate configuration options wi th per parameter priority of Market over Region over Nation. PCE Rules include Single value, List/Range of values, Functions of other parameters, spreadsheet tabul ar reference. Audits and monitors the overall network configuration Highlights 2G, 3G and 4G RAN parameters that are not correctly configured and those that h ave been recently changed.

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Automated Site Creation Overview: Rolling out a radio site involves many steps and lot of interaction between different organization groups. After bringing new site on air there is need to monitor the site to ensure that site is working as expected. ASC provides •

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Module : Automated Site Creation tab Supported vendors and technologies: Nokia (LTE)

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The Automated LTE Site Creation module manages the definition of site types, templates, and rules in the initial CM plan. Then, these configurations will be prepared and a site will be created. These configurations will then be audited and verified before applied to the site.

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Automated Site Creation Description Site creation for netw ork level and multi-technology Automatically validate planning files Initiate auto-configuration automatically once the autoconnection phase is passed Auto Configuration installs SW and downloads configuration of the site. Before configuration dow nload, parameters like PCI and PRACH, are updated based on n etwork configuration Follow -up site on-air for desired amount of time •

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Sleeping Cell Detection and Resolution Cell Outage Compensation Crossed Antenna Detection

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Sleeping Cell Detection and Resolution Overview: Sleeping cells are radio cells which due to software defects, do not accept new connections from mobile device and do not carry traffic. Yet, no alarms are issued to notify the operator about the outage and bring the cell off-air for maintenance. Operator challenge - Fast network growth – numerous issues to be monitored and handled. Increasing user expectations in terms of network reliability and performance. Growing expenditures for manpower to maintain the network. Until a software update is applied to address the software defects. This module provides temporary remedy for this problem by d etecting and resetting the sleeping cells resulting in fast service restoration - lost revenue savings. Module : SleepingCellResolution Supported vendors and technologies: Nokia (GSM, WCDMA, LTE), Ericsson (WCDMA, LTE) •

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Sleeping and poorly performing cells are usually causing quality of service degradations in the network without generating fault alarms. This makes it hard for the operation team to solve such issues quickly. The Eden-NET Sleeping Cell Resolution module runs continuously over all the targeted cells and collects voice and data utilization KPIs. It then analyzes these performance data to detect sleeping and poorly performing cells. When this module detects one, it resets the cell or its site. In case resetting the cell or the site is not effective, the Cell Outage Compensation (COC) module takes over. The COC module detects and assigns suitable cells for off-load. It can also modify antenna tilts if RET is available. Cell Outage Compensation Module Finds compensation cells when resets are not effective.

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Sleeping Cell Detection and Resolution Description Extensive scheduling options (auto 24/7 or calendar based) Configurable detection logic (KPIs and thresholds) Sleeping cells detection Resolution by reset (lock/unlock) Maintenance window disallowing any recovery actions Protection checks to dist inguish off-air cells from the sleeping ones Protection against resetting chronic sleeping cells repeatedly Email notifications Support for LTE small cells

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Cell Outage Compensation Overview: Operator challenge •

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When a cell experiences an outage, a coverage hole may be created in the radio network. The Eden-NET Cell Outage Compensation module monitors for outages and detects when they occur and compensates for such coverage holes, when possible. Module : CellOutageCompensation Supported vendors and technologies: Nokia, Ericsson (WCDMA, LTE)

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Cell Outage Compensation Description Neighboring cells identification KPI monitoring to disall ow congestion Electrical tilt / transmissi on power adjustment Monitoring of KPIs

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Benefits Immediate problem detection 24/7. Fast service restoration - lost revenue savings. Churn rate reduction. OPEX savings.

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Crossed Antenna Detection Overview: Occasionally during the installation of new sites or maintenance operations on old sites, antenna feeders get swapped across the sectors on a site by mistake. As a result, some of the actual configuration parameters of cells (e.g. antenna pointing direction, antenna elevation) at these sites will be different from the planned configuration of the cells. This may lead to unexpected behavior of network performance management operations (such as capacity and coverage optimization, cell outage compensation etc.) which rely on accurate configuration information of cells. This module identifies the antenna feeders that are swapped. Module : CrossedAntenna Supported vendors and technologies: Nokia, Ericsson, Huawei (GSM , WCDMA, LTE ), ALU (WCDMA, LTE) •

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The Crossed Antenna Detection module automatically detects sites where the antenna feeders are swapped between sectors. This module identifies swapped antenna feeders by analyzing neighbor lists, geometry of cells, and handover counts across frequency layers. Then, it generates a detailed report of antenna feeder issues, along with confidence scores. This module is important because swapped antennas lead to unexpected behavior in network performance management operations, such as CCO and ANR optimization. Traffic distribution is possible by: ✓ neighbor lists ✓ geometry of cells ✓ handover counts Swapped antennas leads to: unexpected behavior of network performance management operations

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Crossed Antenna Detection Description Crossed antenna feeder identification Cells operating w ith the same frequency and technology layer at a site Crossed-antenna scenarios which involve up to a maximum of four cells at a site

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