1. Algebra & General Mathematics
Algebraic functions
Theory of equations
Factorization and algebraic functions
Ratio, proportion and variation
Matrix theory
Arithmetic and geometric geometric progressions
Equations and inequalities
Linear and quadratic equations
Complex number system
Polynomials
Mathematical induction
Logic and probability
Statistics 2. Geometry
Lines and planes
Plane figures
Application of Cavalier’s, Pappus and Prismodial theorems
Coordinates in space
Quadratic surfaces
Mensuration
Plane geometry
Solid geometry
Spherical geometry
Analytical geometry geometry 3. Trigonometry
Logarithmic principles
Trigonometric functions
Fundamental trigonometric identities
Solutions of right and oblique triangles
Applications of terrestrial terrestrial mensuration mensuration
Area, perimeter and centroid centroid of plane figures figures
Polar coordinates
Spherical trigonometry 4. Calculus
Complex variables
Derivatives and applications
Integration and applications
Transcendental functions
Partial derivatives
Higher derivatives
Indeterminate forms
Multiple integrals
Differential equations 5. Mathematics Laws, Terms and Theories
Laws, theories and other rules relative to the fields of mathematics
II. GENERAL ENGINEERING & APPLIED SCIENCES (20%) 1.
Engineering Mechanics
2.
Strength of Materials
3.
College Physics
4.
General chemistry
5.
Thermodynamics
6.
Engineering Materials
7.
Engineering Economics
8.
Engineering Management
9.
Contract and Specifications
10. Laws and Ethics
Telecommunications Telecommunications and broadcasting laws and regulations
Electronics engineering law of 2004
Code of professional ethics and conduct
Philippine electronics code
Code of Technical Standards of Practice (Manual of Practice)
III. ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING (30%) 1. Electricity/Magnetism Electricity/Magnetism Fundamentals
Atomic structure structure
Electric charge
Laws (Ohms, Kirfchoff, Coulomb,etc)
Magnetic power
Magnetic field/flux
Magnetic/electric quantities/units
Magnetic/electromagnet Magnetic/electromagnet principles 2. Electrical Circuit
Ac-dc circuits
Resistors
Inductors
Capacitor 3. Solid State Devices/Circuits
Semi-conductor fundamentals
Transistor components, circuits, analysis, and design
Special services (photo, electric, photo voltaic, etc.) 4. Power Generator/Sources/Principles/Applications
Cells and batteries
Electric generator
Electronic power supply
Voltage regulation
Photovoltaic. thermoelectric generator
Distribution transformers
UPS/float-battery system
Converters/inverters 5. Electronic (Audio/RF) Circuit/Analysis/Design
Amplifiers
Oscillators
Rectifier
Filters
Voltage regulation 6. Tests and Measurements
Volt-ohm-ammeter (analog/digital)
R-L-Z bridges
Oscilloscope
Cable testers
RF meters
Signal generators (audio, RF, video)
Noise generators
Power reflectometer/grid dip meter 7. Microelectronics
Integrated circuits components, characteristics and products
Operational amplifiers/multivibrators 8. Industrial Electronics Principles/Applications
Electronic control system
Industrial solid state services
Welding systems/high frequency heating
Feedback systems/servomechanism
Transducers
Motor speed control systems
Robotic principles
Bioelectrical principles
Instrumentation and control 9. Computer Principles
Analog/digital systems
Binary number system/Boolean algebra
Mathematical logic and switching networks
Basic digital circuits (logic, gates, flip-flops, multivibrators etc.)
Static and dynamic memory devices
Programming and machine languages
Information and acquisition processing
Analog/digital conversion Computer networking
IV. ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES (30%) 1. Radio Communication System a. Transmission Fundamentals
The transmission systems
Transmission medium
Primary line constants
Velocity and line wavelength
Characteristic impedance
Propagation constants
Phase and group velocity
Standing waves
Voltage standing wave ration
Telephone lines and cables
Wave guides
Balanced and unbalanced lines
Uniformly distributed lines
Twisted pair wire
Coaxial cable
The Decibel
Power level Calculations
Signal and Noise Fundamentals b. Acoustics
Definition
Frequency range
Sound pressure level
Sound intensity
Loudness level
Pitch and Frequency
Interval and Octave
Sound Distortion
Room Acoustics
Electro-Acoustic Transducers c. Modulation
Amplitude modulation
Phase modulation
Frequency modulation
Pulse modulation d. Noise
External noise
Internal noise
Noise calculation and measurements
Radio interference e. Radiation and Wave Propagation
Electro Magnetic Radiation
Radio Spectrum
Wave Propagation
Radiation Patterns
Wavelength Calculations
Radiation resistance
Diversity systems f. Antennas
Basic considerations
Wire Radiators in Space
Isotropic radiator
Current and Voltage Distribution
Resonant, non-resonant antennas
Terms and definition
Antenna gain and resistance
Bandwidth, beamwidth, polarization
Effects of ground on antennas
Grounded, ungrounded antennas
Grounding systems
Antenna height Design and applications
Matching systems
Impedance calculations
Antenna types
Directional and non-directional microwave antennas
Wideband and special purpose antennas g. Wire and Wireless Communications System
The telephone set
Connection and performance
Exchange area plant
Loop design
Trunks in the exchange plant
Insertion loss
Traffic calculations
Reference equivalent and standards
Telephone networks
Signaling, billing , CAMA, ANI
Echo, singing and design loss
Via net loss
Network hierarchy, class type
VF Repeaters
Transmission Considerations in Long Distance Network
Telephone Exchanges
PSTN, PABX, Line Concentration
Telephone features, IDD, NDD, LEC
Mobile communications
Cellular communication, trunk radio, radio paging system, etc. h. Microwave Communications and Principles i. Basic principles of various-electronics systems
Electro-optics/photonics/optoelectronics
Electromagnetics Avionics, aerospace, navigational and military applications
Medical electronics
Cybernetic
Biometric 2. Digital and Data Communications a. Digital Communication Networks
Bit and Binary Transmission
Signaling Rate
Error probability
Digital filtering
Switching
Packet circuit
Vertical circuit
Open systems interconnection
Multiplexing, modulation and synchronization
Pulse code modulation
Comapnding
Encoding
Bandwidth and signal to noise ration
Delta modulation
Slope overload
Adaptive delta modulation
Codes and protocols
Error detection and correction codes
Digital carrier systems
Frequency shift keying
Phase shift keying
Differential phase shift keying
DC nature of data transmission
Loops
Neutral and polar
Binary transmission and the concept of time
Asynchronous and synchronous
Timing
Distortion
Bits, band, WPM
Data interface standards
Data input/output devices
Digital transmission on analog channel
Modulation-demodulation schemes parameters
Circuit conditioning
Modem applications
Serial and parallel transmission b. Fiber Optics
Principles of light, transmission
Types
Light sources, Laser, LED
Light detectors
Modulation and waveform
System design
General application
Design procedure
Dispersion limited domain
System bandwidth
Splicing techniques 3. Satellite, Broadcasting and Cable TV Systems a. Satellite System
The satellite system
Types of satellite
Satellite orbit
Uplink considerations
Demand assignment multiple access
Antenna tracking
Satellite link budgets
Path loss
Figure of merit
Ratio of carrier to thermal noise power
Station margin
VSAT b. Broadcasting and Cable TV systems
Radio Transmitter (AM, FM ,Television)
Studio (Microphone, Amplifiers, Cameras, Lighting, etc.)
Cable Television
In taking ECE or Electronics Engineer Board Exam, Electronics weigh 30% same with Communication or ESAT. It is almost a third of all subjects you are going to review apart from Math, GEAS and Communication/ESAT. 100% score in Electronics do not mean that you will pass the ECE board exam but it will have a greater effect in your overall score. My previous study guide and technique are all general approach, this time we will go to more specific study review guides and technique and this will be a little bit longer. Better understanding of the parts will lead to better understanding of the whole ECE board Exam. If you have 4 months to review 4 subjects then, every subject should be given equal time and opportunity to review. Is it right? If you agree with me, Electronics should be given 1 month time to review all it's concepts, principles and answering multiple choice questions. If you don't agree you can give more or less time that depend on your goals. For example, if you want to top the board exam try to review in 8-9 months.
ECE Board Exam Review Guide - Electronics Study Tips and Techniques A. Use of SQ3R + W The best approach in reviewing is SQ3R + W, first you must Survey the book and it's chapters,
then answer the Questions or make a questions about the chapters, then the 3R + W ( Read, Recite, Review plus Writing). When writing notes on notebook and index card, try to use 3 different colors of ballpen to easily identified titles, formulas and meaning or concept. Use pentel pen when writing formulas in manila paper. The advantage of index card is you can review anywhere, anytime and instantly especially those formula's.
B. Why Multiple Choice Questions? Advantages vs Disadvantages ECE board exam is multiple choice test in a limited time and you ask yourself why not an essay or fill in the blanks type of questions? Here are advantages and disadvantages why multiple choice is chosen,
Advantages: 1. Easiest and Simple - It requires less time (4x) to assess the extent of your knowledge compare to other assessment tools. More affordable for testing a large number of examiners and can be automated, the reasons why ECE board exam result is released after 3 days.
2. Objectivity and No Ambiguity - You have to analyze facts not someone's opinion and you are graded with your answer selection creating a lower likelihood of checker bias.
3. Irrelevant factors will not influence the final result - It will assess your knowledge without taking into account your handwriting and inability to express your thoughts.
4. Most Accurate - compared to other test evaluations it is the strongest predictor of overall performance of examiner.
Disadvantages: 1. If the authors are not well trained to construct questions, it become more subjective. 2. Not adapted for complex problem solving and reasoning skills - Easy ECE Math problems like simple derivatives and integral. In Electronics, some questions are facts, trivia and current technology and inventions. Also, with advanced PRC approved calculators, simple calculations can be answered as fast as lightning.
3. Examiners have a probability to get a correct answer in guessing - Don't leave any item unanswered because you have a 25% chance to get a correct answer in guessing for 4 choices.
4. Examiners don't get credit if wrong answer is chosen even if you are knowledgeable about the question - You are best in Physics and only 1 question appeared and you didn't get the correct answer. Does it mean that you dont' know anything? With the given advantages and disadvantages of ECE board exam multiple choice question and from 3 subjects (Math, Electronics and Communication) to 4 subjects today, the test is now more accurate to test your knowledge and what should you do to pass it? ECE/Electronics Engineer board exam passing grade is 70% and if you got 69%, does it mean that your knowledge is not enough? Or if you got 89%, does it mean that you didn't guess and you know all subjects?
ECE Review Materials - Electronics Books, Pens, Pencil and PRC Approve Calculator
C. Sample Electronics Board Exam Coverage Review Schedule Because everyone is unique and we have different study habits and moods, you can make your own schedule that fit your everyday lifestyle, either you are working, part time reviewer or a lazy one. Below are the Electronics concepts and principles that you should review plus answering multiple choice questions. In reviewing, we will encounter a mental and body fatigue (either in reading or solving problems) so, I advised not to review a straight more than 2 hours. Electricity and Magnetism + 200 Questions - 4 days Electrical Circuits + 100 Questions- 3 days Electronic/Solid State Devices + 200 Questions - 4 days Energy Conversion + 200 Questions - 3 days Electronic Circuits/Analysis + 150 Questions - 5 days Electronic Instrumentation + 100 Questions - 3 days Industrial Electronics + 100 Questions - 4 days Computer Principles + 200 Questions - 4 days
D. Needed Review Materials Books and Calculators 1. Electronics Books - ex. by Boylestad or Villamor 2. 1001 Multiple choice Questions in Electronics
3. Notebook, Index Card, Manila Paper 4. 3 colors of Ballpen and Pentel Pen 5. PRC Approve Calculator E. What is Electronics? In my own words, Electronics is Electron + IC's. I easily remembered it that way. It is simply study of "flow of Electrons in IC's or Integrated Circuits". You can also make your own way in memorizing words so that you can easily understand and easily remembered, that is one technique in reviewing. Today, Integrated Circuits are mostly used in everyday life and IC's are made up of CMOS (complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) logic gates. Logic gates are made up of transistors which are constructed from basic principle of PN junction of diodes. Before, we have vacuum tubes diode and tetrode. Because human always seek continuous improvement on cost and power consumption semiconductors diodes and transistors are invented.
What is Flow of Electrons? Flow of electrons or flow of charge is called Current, same analogy as flow of water in river which is called water current. Basically, have you ask yourself why there is flow of electrons? Before that, let's take a look what is electrons, where it came from, how it begun and it's structure. The secret of understanding electronics lies in how much you understand Electrons. A simple words that our college teachers failed to teach to us.
Property of Electrons Beginning: From energetic photons after first milliseconds of Big Bang Discovered by: J.J. Thompson on experiment on cathode rays - 1897 Characteristics: Elementary Particle Subatomic Group: Lepton Substructure: None Mass: 9.109 x 10-31 kg Charge: -1.602 x 10-19 C Spin: 1/2 - a Fermion
Quantum Property: Wave-Particle duality Atom Bonding: Bound to nucleus by Coulomb Force Interaction: A. Electrons generates Electric Field (E) and Force (F) determined by Coulombs Inverse Square Law B. Electrons when in motion generates Magnetic Field (B) C. When moving in Electric (E) and Magnetic Field (B), it is subject to Lorentz Force
Atomic Orbital: A. Electrons travel in circular shell or orbit around the nucleus from Bohr Atomic Model. The maximum number of electrons in a main shell can be determined by: 2
N=2n ; where n is the nth shell; B. Each orbital has a set of quantum numbers such a s energy, angular momentum and projection. According to Pauli Exclusion Principle, each orbital can be occupied by up to two electrons which must differ in their spin quantum number. Does the formula above violate Pauli Exclusion Principle? C. Electrons can transfer between different orbitals by emission or absorption of photons.The sharing or transfer of electrons from atom to atoms allow the formation of molecules. Within molecules, they are under influence of several nuclei and occupy molecular orbits.
Flow of Electrons: A. When free electrons both in vacuum and metals move , they produce a net flow of charge called electric current which generates magnetic field B. According to Ampere, 1 Ampere = 1 Coulomb of charge flowing in 1 second in a material. -
1e = 1.602 x 10
-19
C
18
1C = 6.24 x 10 electrons So, 1 A are flow of 6.24 x 10
18
electrons in 1 seconds, that’s a lot of electrons right and only 0.015A can kill a
human heart. C. According to Einstein, speed of electron in vacuum can approach but never reach, the speed of light. In medium like water, electrons can temporarily travel faster than light and interaction with the medium generates faint light called Cherenkov Radiation.
Temperature Effects: Does flow of electron affected by temperature? Observation: Observation of Electrons requires detection of their radiated energy. Application: Electron Microscope, Cathode Ray Tubes, Free Electron Laser, Electron Beams, LowEnergy Electron Diffraction (LEED) Solid State Devices such as diodes and transistors. I hope you appreciate about electrons, it's beginning and properties. Electrons flow in solid, liquid and gases and
Electronics is study of flow of electrons in vacuum tubes, semiconductors, electrical circuits and electronic devices like diodes, transistors and IC's. It is now very easy to understand other subjects of Electronics and it's applications if you understand Electrons in the first place.
ASS the PRC ECE (Electronics Engineer) Exam in 40 days - Study Guide and Technique
PRC ECE ( Electronics Engineer) Board Exam Schedule/Deadline for October 2012
40 days is a Biblical time and with proper discipline and study technique, you can pass the ECE or Electronics Engineer board exam in 40 days. I expect that you applied the SQ3R study method during your 3 months review which I discuss on my previous post. If you don't have enough time because of work or personal reasons, I bet your store knowledge will help you. How to PASS the ECE Board Exam on your FIRST TAKE How to PASS the ECE Board Exam using SQ3R Study Method PRC Approved Calculators for ECE - Casio FX-991ES Specs and Review ECE Board Exam Review Guide - ELECTRONICS Study Tips and Techniques ECE/Electronics Board Exam Sample Questions - Review and Analysis 5 Reasons Why PRC ECE Board Examiners Failed the Board Exam What to BRING and WEAR on ECE/Electronics Engineer Board Exam Day? PRC ID SM Mall Renewal Centers - Payment and Requirements
The study method and technique we will be doing is Answering Multiple Choice questions, it's like your already taking the board exam and we will be simulating it that way. I don't take the refresher course of any review center and I don't have any idea to tell you what's happening on refresher course. This is only based on my experience and what I did during my 40 days self review.
40 Days Before Exam You need multiple choice questions and calculator that is approved by PRC to use. There are books or calculator that you can borrow from your friends, classmates or if you have extra money, you can buy it from bookstore. ECE/Communication Licensure guidebook - questions from previous ECE Board exam and 1001 Questions are
some of examples of the book we need. The idea is simple, answer multiple choice question as much as you can in 35 days. To make it simpler, I have broken down the 4 subjects and you need to answers a minimum of 1000 questions ( depends on you, 750 questions will do) covering all the topics included in the ECE exam.
Math - 1000 questions or 29 questions/day GEAS - 1000 questions or 29 questions/day Electronics - 1500 questions or 43 questions/day ESAT - 1500 questions or 43 questions/day You need to answer more questions with Electronics and ESAT because it is weighted 30% compared to Math and GEAS (20%). The best approach with Math is solving problems then check your answers and solve again if you got wrong answers. Just solve and solve and don't stop practice solving. Don't forget to write down formulas on Index card and Manila paper.
How to Pass PRC ECE Board Exam in 40 Days
5 Days Before Exam Answering questions is finished and for the 35 days period you have learned the skills in answering multiple choice questions. If you encounter same question during exam, definitely you will get it correct. Now, it's 5 days before exam and we will be reviewing the formulas, recite and memorized important things you have written in your notebook, index card and manila paper. DAY 1 - Math DAY 2 - GEAS DAY 3 - Electronics DAY 4 - ESAT
1 Day Before Exam A day before exam, don't review anymore. Prepare all the things you need for tomorrows exam (bring 2 pencils and 2 calculators if you can afford) and just sit, relax and have FUN.
Tips and Techniques at the Day of ECE Board Exam Come early at your scheduled room and time of exam. Take a deep breath and pray before taking the exam. You can apply this tips and techniques during exam.
1. Read the directions and listen to proctor instructions. 2. Put first your answers on the scratch paper. 3. Answer as fast as possible. Don't spend too much time on one question. 4. Double check or Triple check your answers before shading the answer sheet. 5. If you encounter mental block, you can take a nap for 10 minutes, take a walk or go out for CR. 6. Always make an intelligent guess if you are not sure of the answer. For 4 choices you have 25% chance of getting correct answer but if you can reduced it to 2, you will have a 50% chance of correct answer.
7. If you don't know the answer to the question, try to apply reverse technique by substituting the answers to the question.
8. Don't leave questions unanswered. 9. Review you answer sheet before submitting the paper. Hope this simple guide helps and goodluck!
How to PASS the PRC ECE Board Exam on your FIRST TAKE?
How to PASS the PRC ECE Board Exam on your FIRST TAKE?
I pass the PRC ECE (Electronics and Communications Engineering) Board Exam with 80% self review on my FIRST TAKE. I wrote this article to share to you for those who are willing to PASS the ECE board exam either on your first, second or third take. I want to share with you how I do it, the technique and strategy I used and how much effort and time I invest on it.
PRC ECE board exam is composed of: 1. Multiple choice questions (4 or 5 choices) and what comes in my mind? Pick one answer and you have a minimum of 25% or 20% chance to get a correct answer, right?
2. 4 subjects ( Math, Electronics, ESAT and GEAS). During my time it's only Math, Electronics and Communication. Don't take for granted one subject because every subject is vital and important.
3. National Passing rate range at most at 50%, it means you have 1/2 chance to fail. How to PASS the PRC ECE Board Exam on your FIRST TAKE? Passing the ECE Board Exam depends on your: 1. Plan
2. Materials and Resources 3. Study and Exam Techniques 4. Time 5. Luck 6. Prayers
1. PLAN Do you want to pass the ECE board exam on first take? or you want to land on TOP 10 or TOP 20? So you have to decide and make it a goal. Better plan it ahead of time than everyone else.
2. RESOURCES You need reading material, books, questionnaires and ECE review online materialsare very helpful. You also need financial resources. Start collecting books and materials related to exam coverage. You can borrow books and reading materials to your classmates, friends or to your older brothers and sisters who took same course with you.
PRC ECE Board Exam Using Dale Cone of Experience Technique
3. STUDY and EXAM TECHNIQUES A. SELF REVIEW
Before I start the review process, I accidentally found an article about Study technique SQ3R urvey, Q uestion, R ead R ecite and R eview. I used this technique during my review and pass it on to my sisters who S took PRC LET Board Exam and what can I tell you? They also pass and it's very effective.
B. REVIEW CENTER
I took a regular review on one of many ECE review center in Sampaloc, Manila and it really helps, the materials, the motivation and the new trends happening on the ECE board exam. I don't take the refresher class on any review center. C. EXAM TECHNIQUES
Like what I said, ECE board exam is multiple choice, so you have 75-80% ( chance of choosing the wrong answer), pretty high huh? In addition, national passing rate ranges from 20 -50% so you have a 1/5 to 1/2 chance of passing. So, we have a high chance of failing than passing but how do we avoid that? ECE comprises of 4 subjects with different weights, Math - 20% , GEAS - 20%, Electronics - 30% and ESAT 30%. One technique is devoting more review time to Electronics and ESAT rather than Math and GEAS. 20% difference is really a high advantage and will definitely pull up your average grade.
Here is my ECE Study Guides and Exam Techniques: How to PASS PRC ECE Board Exam using SQ3R Method PASS the PRC ECE (Electronics Engineer) Board Exam in 40 days PRC Approved Calculators for ECE - Casio FX-991ES Specs and Review ECE/Electronics Board Exam Sample Questions - Review and Analysis 5 Reasons Why PRC ECE Board Examiners Failed the Board Exam
4. TIME You want a full time review or a part time review due to your work? PRC ECE Board exam is scheduled April and October of the year. After you graduated at college, you have a 6-5 months review time before the scheduled exam. 4 months is just a right time but 6 months review will give you an edge.
5. LUCK Do you believe in LUCK? What is the chance that what have you read and review will appear on the board exam? The best thing to do is read as much as you can and do the read, recite and review technique and your luck will increase.
6. PRAYERS Don't to forget to pray to god that He will give you knowledge, wisdom and strength you needed in time of review and exam. This is just the beginning, good luck and study hard! Hope it helps.
How to PASS the PRC ECE Board Exam using SQ3R Study Method
PRC ECE (Electronics Engineer) Board Exam - Review Materials
You graduated from college and your next step is taking the PRC ECE (Electronics Engineer) Board Licensure Exam and your aim is to pass it on the FIRST TAKE but how should you do it? Here's how. How to pass the PRC ECE Board Exam on your FIRST TAKE PASS the PRC ECE (Electronics Engineer) Board Exam in 40 days PRC Approved Calculators for ECE - Casio FX-991ES Specs and Review ECE/Electronics Board Exam Sample Questions - Review and Analysis 5 Reasons Why PRC ECE Board Examiners Failed the Board Exam What to BRING and WEAR on ECE/Electronics Engineer Board Exam Day? I will share with you my actual study techniques I did during my review. This will not be applicable to all because we are all a different person with different lifestyle and moods and you should find the right ONE for you. On the average, you have 4-6 months to prepare for the exam and it's really a long long way to go and the forgetting process will take effect instantly. Some will have a less time reviewing due to work or for some personal reasons.
ECE Board Exam Study Techniques: 1. Time of Study 2. Place of Study 3. The SQ3R Study Method
1. Time of Study Are you a morning, afternoon or evening person? Do you wake up late in the morning, are you taking a nap during afternoon or do you sleep late? Find your best time of study that you will become productive. I started to review at 8am and ends at 10pm. If your attending review at any review center be sure not to miss any single sessions and topics. When self reviewing, I suggest the time of study below: Sample of Self Review Schedule:
MORNING
8 - 9:45 AM - MATH 10 - 11:45AM - GEAS AFTERNOON
3 - 4:45PM - ELECTRONICS 5 - 6:45PM - ESAT EVENING
8 - 9:45PM - ELECTRONICS / REVIEW Study time is 1HR and 45min to prevent reading fatigue. Don't forget to take a 15 minutes break and subjects should be alternating. I suggest that you make your own schedule of all the topics included in t he exam. More time should be given to Electronics and ESAT subjects because of their 30% weight. Note: If you are reviewing for a 4 months period, leave a 40 days schedule for Question Study Technique. Be sure that in 3 months period, all topics included in the PRC ECE board exam are covered.
PRC ECE Exam Review - Value of Recitation while Reading
2. Place of Study There are many places to study, it can be on review center or your work , on library or inside your house which can be on bedroom or living room. What place best works depends on you. I suggest a quiet place and very minimal distractions. Put your study table at the wall rather than near television or windows.
3. Using the SQ3R Study Method SQ3R is short for Survey, Questions and the 3R, R ead R ecite and R eview. It is a reading method to learn more effectively so that you can save time and effort. I applied SQ3R when studying Electronics and Communications
subjects. How about the Math?
a. Survey - Survey or scan the reading materials you will be using like the table of contents, introduction, title headings of each chapters, pictures and images, the summary or conclusion and the questions at the back. I think 30 minutes is enough to survey 1 book.
b. Questions - Ask questions about the subject or topic you are reading ( for example: your are reading Electronics book), ask yourself what is electronics? What do you remember about electronics during your college days? Think as many question while scanning the pages or chapters of the book and write it down. Most probably it will take you 30 minutes to do this.
c. Read - Before reading answer first the questions you take down notes. Electronics and Communications books have a set of questions at the end of the chapters and you should answer this first before going any further. After answering the questions read carefully every topic and sections. Reread parts which are not clear. Study the graphs and pictures on the book or reading materials.
d. Recite - While reading, recite the passages your up to. The more senses you are using, the more likely you are to remember what you read. So it's read and recite, it's seeing, saying and hearing. It's 3 senses working together.
e. Write - During my review, I added one technique - "WRITING". So while reading, prepare a notebook and write after reciting. It's 4 senses working altogether. Take down notes important things such as formulas and the one you need to memorized. You can write it on index card or manila paper.
f. Review - When is the right time to review? After reading, reciting and writing, review is an on going process. After each chapters or topics, page through into your notebook to re -acquaint yourself with the important points and orally recite them. Use the index cards and manila paper to memorized for mulas. Periodically review each chapters and what you have written within the 3 months period.
You can prepare yourself to succeed in your studies. Try to develop and appreciate the following habits: Take responsibility for yourself Recognize that in order to succeed you need to make decisions about your priorities, your time, and your resources Center yourself around your values and principles Don't let friends and acquaintances dictate what you consider important Put first things first Follow up on the priorities you have set for yourself, and don't let others, or other interests, distract you from your goals Discover your key productivity periods and places Morning, afternoon, or evening? Find spaces where you can be the most focused and productive. Prioritize these for your most difficult study challenges Consider yourself in a win-win situation When you contribute your best to a class, you, your fellow students, and even your teacher will benefit. Your grade can then be one additional check on your performance
First understand others, then attempt to be understood When you have an issue with an instructor (a questionable grade, an assignment deadline, etc.) put yourself in the instructor's place. Now ask yourself how you can best make your argument given his/her situation Look for better solutions to problems For example, if you don't understand the course material, don't just re-read it. Try something else! Consult with the professor, a tutor, an acad emic advisor, a classmate, a study group, or your school's study skills center Look to continually challenge yourself Partially adapted from the audio cassette by Steven Covey,
Seven H abits of H igh ly E ff ective People
Reading and research series
SQ3R reading method SQ3R is a reading strategy formed from its letters: Survey! Question! Read! Recite! Review! SQ3R will help you build a framework to understand your reading assignment.
Before you read, Survey the chapter:
the title, headings, and subheadings captions under pictures, charts, graphs or maps review questions or teacher-made study guides introductory and concluding paragraphs summary
Question while you are surveying:
Turn the title, headings, and/or subheadings into questions Read questions at the end of t he chapters or after each subheading Ask yourself, "What did my instructor say about this chapter or subject when it was assigned?" Ask yourself, "What do I already know about this subject?" Note: If it is helpful to you, w rite out these questions for consideration. This variation is called SQW3R
When you begin to Read:
Look for answers to the questions you first raised Answer questions at the beginning or end of chapters or study guides Reread captions under pictures, graphs, etc. Note all the underlined, italicized, bold printed words or phrases Study graphic aids Reduce your speed for difficult passages Stop and reread parts which are not clear Read only a section at a time and recite after each section
Recite after you've read a section:
Orally ask yourself questions about what you have just read, or summarize, in your own words, what you read Take notes from the text but write the information in your own words Underline or highlight important points you've just read Reciting: The more senses you use the more likely you are to remember what you read Triple strength learning: Seeing, saying, hearing Quadruple strength learning: Seeing , saying , hearing, writing!!!
Review: an ongoing process Day One
After you have read and recited the entire chapter, write questions in the margins for those points you have highlighted or underlined. If you took notes while reciting, write questions for the notes you have taken in the left hand margins of your notebook. Complete the form for a critical reading review
Day Two
Page through the text and/or your notebook to re-acquaint yourself with the important points. Cover the right hand column of your t ext/note-book and orally ask yourself the questions in the left hand margins. Orally recite or write the answers from memory. Develop mnemonic devices for material which need to be memorized. Make flash cards for those questions which give you difficulty.
Days Three, Four and Five
Alternate between your flash cards and notes and test yourself (orally or in writing) on the questions you formulated. Make additional flash cards if necessary.
Weekend
Using the text and notebook, make a Table of Contents - list all the topics and sub-topics you need to know from the chapter. From the Table of Contents, make a Study Sheet/ Spatial Map. Recite the information orally and in your own words as you put the Study Sheet/Map together. As you have consolidated all the information you need for this chapter, periodically review the Sheet/Map so that at test time you will not have to cram.
Evaluating Website Content I. The Problem The Internet is a relatively new and untested information and communication medium. As such, we need to evaluate, expand, and adapt existing criteria for evaluating content, as well as develop new techniques.
The Internet is a ubiquitous medium: aside from questions of affordability, it is very pervasive in both authorship and audience. A web address is now an international information and persuasion medium
The Internet can very well be an unregulated and un-regulatable medium. As such, it is the visitor to a website who must h ave both tools and responsibility to discern quality websites. II.. Examples of the problem Have you been to New Hartford, Minnesota? (Probably only virtually...) What do you think of the distinguished academic study "Feline Reactions to Bearded Men" by Catherine Maloney, Fairfield University, Fairfield, Conn ecticut, Sarah J. Lichtblau, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois Nadya Karpook, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Carolyn Chou, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Anthony Arena-DeRosa, H III. Eight basic types of website purposes: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Personal with biographic data, often called "vanity pages" Promotional to sell a product "Current" to provide extremely up-to-date information, as for newspapers' sites Informational to share information on a particular topic or hobby Advocacy/persuasive as propaganda to convert you to particular point of view Instructional to teach a unit or c ourse of study; Registrational to register for courses, information, and/or products, accumulate a database of, and simplify communication with, registrants 8. Entertainment!
IV. Contexts of website evaluation: header * body * footer * navigation V. Five evaluative guidelines from the School of Journalism & Library Science: Authority Who is responsible for the page? What are their qualifications and associations, and can you verify them? Check the footer for name of the web page author, his/her credentials and title, organizational affiliation. Is the information verifiable? Currency Are dates clear when the website was first created and edited? Check the footer for when the website was created, and when last edited. Check the content for news items, indications that the site is actively maintained, acknowledgements/responses to visitors Coverage What is the focus of the site? Are there clear headings to illustrate an outline of the content? Is the navigation within the website clear? Check the header for a clear title and web site description Check the content for headings and keywords Check the navigation to reflect content outline within the web site Objectivity Are biases clearly stated? Are affiliations clear? Check the content for statement of purpose, to determine the type of web site and potential audience
for outside links for information external to the website for graphics and cues for affiliations Check the header/footer and URL/domain (.gov .com .edu) to determine organizational source of website and how this reflects on content type Accuracy Are sources of information and factual data listed, and available for cross-checking Check the content for accuracy of spelling, grammar, facts(!), and consistency within website Check content for a bibliographic variety of websites (external links), of electronic media (electronic databases of references, established (print & on-line) journals, of electronic indexes (ERIC), and of book s for comparative/evaluative purposes VI. Bibliography (Author, web site, date last visited) related to evaluation: (Western Illinois University) Bruce Leland Evaluating Web Sites: A Guide for Writers (25 February, 2010) (Babson College) Hope Tillman Evaluating Quality on the Net ( 25 February, 2010) (Saint Louis University ) Craig Branham Evaluating Web pages for relevance (25 February, 2010) Well developed website with sections on Anatomy of a page, Page types, Web search strategies, and Glossary.
5 Reasons Why PRC ECE Examiners Failed the Board Exam
ECE National Passing Percentage Trend for the Last 3 Years
Are you a first time examiner or this is your second take? If this is your second time, you already have an idea what is ECE or Electronics Engineer Board Exam all about.
What is difference in getting 69% and 70% in Board Exam? Definitely it is FAILED-PASS situation and no one like 69% right?
5 Common Reasons Why Examiners Failed the ECE/Electronics Engineer Board Exam 1. Unpreparedness - They don't give enough time to review all subjects. Board exam schedule are usually given during April and October of the year. If you graduate March or April, you will have 4-5 months reviewing for October exam. If you graduate October, you will also have 4-5 months reviewing for April board exam. If you want to top the board exam or give yourself a longer time for review, don't take the exam right away. With 8-10 months, I think you will have an edge with other examiners.
2. Unfamiliarity - ECE or Electronics Engineer board exam is a multiple choice questions in a limited time. When I'm reviewing for board exam, the questions in my mind are, a. what are the types of questions given? b. what are the common questions or is there a trends? c. what subjects am I going to review? d. Do I have to review all subjects covering ECE?
To become familiar, you can enroll at review center or ask your friends who already took the board exam. You can also make a research by yourself or search for review guides in the internet.
3. One Subject are Taken for Granted - ECE board exam before are 3 subjects, today with addition of one subject they should be given with enough time to review. If you excel in Math, I think that's an edge and you can give more time in Electronics or other subjects. More important is you don't get below 50% score/grade in any subject. Don't review too much exhausting all your time in 3 subjects and one subject taken for granted.
4. Intelligent Guessing - With 4-5 months to review, honestly you can't review all topics of 4 subjects (Math, GEAS, Electronics, ESAT/Communication). Communication is a very broad subject and you can't memorize all formulas, concepts and principles so what should you do? One disadvantage of multiple choice questions are the probability of getting a correct answer, that's 25% for 4 choices and an intelligent guess would increase to 50% chance and that's really a good news because even you don’t' have knowledge about the topic or subject, you can get a points. In opposite effect, an examiner with knowledge about the topic or subject don't get a credit or points because he/she pick the wrong answer unlike with essay where you should explain your point of view and discuss about what you know and some credit is given to you. So, intelligent guessing is a pitfall. Do you know what is probability of getting a 70 correct answers for guessing a 100 questions?
5. Time and Forgetting - It's advantageous to give more review time like 8-10 months compare to
4-5 months but when we are reviewing, a new information is learned and forgetting start's to take effect. Forgetting is decay of information due to lack of use and interference due to new information. Information stored in our long term memory are never completely lost but they are difficult to retrieved. That's the reason why sometimes we know about the answer to the questions but we can't say or recall it and it will consume time during board exam. ECE/Electronics Engineer board exam is time limited as I said and if recalling information takes time, that will accumulate until we run out of time. For Electronics subject, 100 questions are given for 4 hours to answer them completely. That would translate to 2.4 minutes per question. I hope you prepare, become f amiliar with types of question given, don't take for granted 1 subject, don’t make a guess in choosing answer as much as possible and give enough time and surely you will pass the board exam. Goodluck!
