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4.0 Results 4.1 Standard curve for the methylene blue dye from the stock solutions. Table 1: Absorbance at 664 nm read at different dye concentrations Dye o oncentration !m !m"#l$
0.00
Dye o oncentration !m"#%&ml$ 0.0000
Absorbance at 664 nm 0.0000
3.33
0.0832
1.5480
6.67
0.0167
1.6180
10.00
0.2500
1.7670
13.33
0.3330
1.9940
16.67
0.4170
2.1050
tandard Curve for the Methylene Blue Dy 2.5
f(x) = 0.12x + 0.35 R² = 0.85
2
1.5
Absorbance at 664 nm
Y-Valu -Values es Linear Linear (Y-Values) -Values )
1
0.5
0 0
2
4
6
8 10 1 2 14 1 6 18
Dye Concentration (mg/l)
'i"ure 1: Standard urve for (ethylene )lue Dye
4.% The dye concentration !m"#l$*
C e
obtained from the standard curve of methylene
dye* 'i"ure 1 from their res+ective absorbance read at every 1& mins interval. Table %: Absorbance at 664nm of control and , activated at every 1& mins interval and res+ective dye concentration !m"#l$* ontact Time* min
0 15 30 45 60
C e
C e
Absorbance at 664 nm ontrol
, activated
1.297 0.579 0.510 0.496 0.382
-ith carbon 1.297 0.493 0.452 0.339 0.262
* m"#l
ontrol
, activated -ith
7.7398 1.9024 1.3415 1.2276 0.3008
carbon 7.7398 1.2033 0.8699 -0.0488 -0.6748
Ce is concentration of dye solution in mg/l !ic! is o"tained from standard cur#e according to t!e res$ecti#e a"sor"ance read at 664 nm. %!e standard cur#e !as e&uation !ic! is y ' 0.1233 ( ) 0.345* !ere y is a"sor"ance at 664 nm !ile ( is t!e dye concentration in mg/l. +or Control, !en t ' 0* y ' 1.297* 1.297 ' 0.123 ( ) 0.345* ( ' 7.7398 !en t ' 15* y ' 0.579* 0.579 ' 0.123 ( ) 0.345* ( ' 1.9024 !en t ' 30* y ' 0.510* 0.510 ' 0.123 ( ) 0.345* ( ' 1.3415 !en t ' 45* y ' 0.496* 0.496 ' 0.123 ( ) 0.345* ( ' 1.2276 !en t ' 60* y ' 0.382* 0.382 ' 0.123 ( ) 0.345* ( ' 0.3008 +or C acti#ated, !en t ' 0* y ' 1.297* 1.297 ' 0.123 ( ) 0.345* ( ' 7.7398 !en t ' 15* y ' 0.493* 0.493 ' 0.123 ( ) 0.345* ( ' 1.2033 !en t ' 30* y ' 0.452* 0.452 ' 0.123 ( ) 0.345* ( ' 0.8699 !en t ' 45* y ' 0.339* 0.339 ' 0.123 ( ) 0.345* ( ' -0.0488 !en t ' 60* y ' 0.262* 0.262 ' 0.123 ( ) 0.345* ( ' -0.6748
4. Removal /fficiency* of methylene blue dye by activated carbon immobilied -ith fun"al biomass over time. Table : Removal efficiency in each contact time ontact Time* min 0 15 30 45
/fficiency* 0 84.45 88.76 100.63
60
108.72
C 0−C e
y using
C 0
( 100 !ere C 0 is initial dye concentration at t!e "eginning of
"atc! "iosor$tion starts !ic! is at 0 minutes and C e is t!e dye concentration at e#ery 15 mins inter#al after t!e "atc! "iosor$tion started.
t t ' 0 min* fficiency '
7.7398 −7.7398 7.7398
( 100 ' 0
7.7398 −1.2033
t t ' 15 min* fficiency '
( 100 ' 84.45
7.7398 7.7398 −0.8699
t t ' 30 min* fficiency '
( 100 ' 88.76
7.7398 7.7398 + 0.0488
t t ' 45 min* fficiency '
( 100 ' 100.63
7.7398 7.7398 + 0.6748
t t ' 60 min* fficiency '
( 100 ' 108.72
7.7398
4.4 Amount of adsor+tion at e2uilibrium* 2 e in m"#" Table 4: Amount of adsor+tion at e2uilibrium in each contact time for activated carbon ontact Time*
2e*
min 0 15
m"#" 0.000 3.2683
ln 2e
1.1843
ln e
e#2e*
2.0464 0.1851
l#" 0.3682
30 45 60
3.4350 3.8943 4.2073
1.2340 1.3595 1.4368
-0.1394 -
0.2532 -0.0125 -0.1604
y using t!is formula* & e ' C0 Ce/ !ere is #olume of dye !ic! is 50 m or 0.05 and is t!e "iomass eig!t !ic! is 0.1 g. 0.05
t t ' 0 min* & e ' 7.7398 - 7.7398 (
0.1
' 0
0.05
t t ' 15 min* & e ' 7.7398 - 1.2033 (
' 3.2683
0.1 0.05
t t ' 30 min* & e ' 7.7398 - 0.8699 (
' 3.4350
0.1 0.05
t t ' 45 min* & e ' 7.7398 ) 0.0488 (
' 3.8943
0.1 0.05
t t ' 60 min* & e ' 7.7398 ) 0.6748 (
' 4.2073
0.1
Table &: Amount of adsor+tion at e2uilibrium in each contact time for control ontact Time*
2e*
min 0 15 30 45 60
m"#" 0 2.9187 3.1992 3.2561 3.7195
ln 2e
1.0711 1.1629 1.1805 1.3136
ln e
e#2e*
2.0464 0.6431 0.2938 0.2051 -1.2013
"#l 0.6518 0.4193 0.3770 0.0809
y using t!is formula* & e ' C0 Ce/ !ere is #olume of dye !ic! is 50 m or 0.05 and is t!e "iomass eig!t !ic! is 0.1 g. 0.05
t t ' 0 min* & e ' 7.7398 - 7.7398 (
0.1
' 0
0.05
t t ' 15 min* & e ' 7.7398 1.9024 (
0.1
' 2.9187
0.05
t t ' 30 min* & e ' 7.7398 1.3415 (
0.1
' 3.1992
0.05
t t ' 45 min* & e ' 7.7398 1.2276 (
0.1
' 3.2561
0.05
t t ' 60 min* & e ' 7.7398 0.3008 (
0.1
' 3.7195
Table 6: om+arison of ln e and ln 2e of ontrol and Activated arbon
ontrol
3ith Activated arbon
ln 2e -
ln e 2.0464
ln 2e -
ln e 2.0464
1.0711
0.6431
1.1843
0.1851
1.1629
0.2938
1.2340
-0.1394
1.1805
0.2051
1.3595
-
1.3136
-1.2013
1.4368
-
Table : om+arison of e !m"#5$ and e#2e !"#5$ of ontrol and Activated arbon ontrol
3ith Activated arbon
e !m"#5$
e#2e !"#5$
e !m"#5$
e#2e !"#5$
7.7398
-
7.7398
-
1.9024
0.6518
1.2033
0.3682
1.3415
0.4193
0.8699
0.2532
1.2276
0.3770
-0.0488
-0.0125
0.3008
0.0809
-0.6748
-0.1604
4.& ,lottin" of /2uilibrium data usin" 'reundlich !n 2 e vs n e$ and 5an"muir !e#2e vs e$ isotherms
1.6 R² = 0.66 1.4 1.2 1
n !e
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
n Ce 'i"ure %: 'reundlich !n 2 e vs n e$ ,lot for , activated -ith carbon 0.4
0.3
0.2
Ce/!e
0.1 R² = 0 0 -2
0
2
4
6
8
-0.1
-0.2
Ce 'i"ure : 5an"muir ! e#2e vs e$ ,lot for , activated -ith carbon
10
1.4 R² = 0.77 1.2 1 0.8
n !e
0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
n Ce 'i"ure 4: 'reundlich !n 2 e vs n e$ ,lot for ontrol
0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4
Ce/!e
R² = 0.24 Y-Values
0.3
Linear (Y-Values) 0.2
Linear (Y-Values)
0.1 0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ce 'i"ure &: 5an"muir ! e#2e vs e$ ,lot for ontrol
