Wood Joints - الوصلات الخشبية

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ΕϼλϮϟ΍ Ϧϣ ˯΍ΰΟ΃ϭ ϊτϘΑ ϭ΃ ˬ (ήϴϣΎδϤϟ΍ ϭ΃ ϲϏ΍ήΒϟ΍ ) ΔϴϜϴϧΎϜϴϤϟ΍ ΕΎΘΒΜϤϟ΍ ϭ΃ ˬ ˯΍ήϐϟ΍ ϡ΍ΪΨΘγΎΑ ϞϴλϮΘϟ΍ ΍άϫ ϢΘϳϭ ˬ ΎϬπόΑ ϊϣ αΎϤΗ ϰϠϋ ΔϋϮοϮϣ ΔϴΒθΧ ϊτϗ ϦϴΑ ϞϴλϮΗ ϱ΃ ϲϫ . ϕήτϟ΍ ϩάϫ Ϧϣ ήΜϛ΃ ϭ΃ ϦϴϨΛ΍ ϱ΃ ϦϴΑ ΞϣΪϟΎΑ ϭ΃ ˬ ϲΗ΍Ϋ Ϟϔϗ Ε΍Ϋ

ΕΎΘΒΜϤϟ΍ ϥϷ) . ϯϮϗ΃ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϥϮϜΗ ˬ κϗ ΓϮϗ ΢ΒμΗ ϥ΃ Ϧϣ ΕΎΘΒΜϤϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϰϠϋ ΔϘΒτϤϟ΍ ΓϮϘϟ΍ ΖΑήΘϗ΍ ΎϤϠϛ ϪϧΈϓ ˬ ΔϴϜϴϧΎϜϴϣ ΕΎΘΒΜϣ Δτγ΍ϮΑ ΔΘΒΜϣ ΔϴΒθΨϟ΍ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ΖϧΎϛ ϝΎΣ ϲϓ .1 . (˯ΎϨΤϧϼϟ ΎϬΘϣϭΎϘϣ Ϧϣ ήϴ ΜϜΑ ήΒϛ΃ κϘϠϟ ΔϣϭΎϘϣ ήϬψ˵Η ΔϴϜϴϧΎϜϴϤϟ΍ ΢τγ ϲϓ ΓΩΎϳΰϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϥ΃ ΎϤϟΎσ ) . ϯϮϗ΃ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ΖϧΎϛ (ϦϴΘϴΒθΨϟ΍ ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ ϦϴΑ αΎϤΘϟ΍ ΢τγ Ϯϫϭ ) ˯΍ήϐϟ΍ ΢τγ Ω΍ί ΎϤϠϛ ϪϧΈϓ ˬ ΔϴΒθΨϟ΍ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ΖϴΒΜΘϟ ˯΍ήϐϟ΍ ϡ΍ΪΨΘγ΍ ϢΗ ϝΎΣ ϲϓ .2 . (ΎϬϠϜη ϰϠϋϭ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϑΪϬϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ήΛΆΗ ϻ αΎϤΘϟ΍ ΪΣ΃ ήδϛ Ϧϣ ΪΑϻϭ ˬ ϞϔϘϟ΍ έϮΤϣ ϖϓϭ ΎϬϜϓ ϦϜϤϤϟ΍ ήϴϏ Ϧϣ ΢Βμϳ ˬ ΎϬΘϴΒΜΗ ΪόΑ Ϫϧ΃ ϱ΃ ˬ ϞϗϷ΍ ϰϠϋ ΪΣ΍ϭ έϮΤϣ ϖϓϭ Ύ˱ϜϴϧΎϜϴϣ ϞϔϘΗ ϲΘϟ΍ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϲϫ ϲΗ΍άϟ ΍ ϞϔϘϟ΍ Ε΍Ϋ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ .3 . ήΜϛ΃ ΔϗΩ ΝΎΘΤϳϭ ΐόλ΃ ϥϮϜϳ ΎϬϠϴϜθΗ ϦϜϟϭ ΔϳΩΎόϟ΍ ΕϼλϮϟ΍ Ϧϣ Γ˱ ΩΎϋ ϯϮϗ΃ ϥϮϜΗ ΕϼλϮϟ΍ ϩάϫ . ΎϬϜ˷ ϔϟ ΎϬ΋΍ΰΟ΃

Lap Joints Butt Joints Dado Joints Dovetail Joints Edge Joints Miter Joints Mortise & Tenon Rabbet Joints Splice Joints

ΔϴΒϛ΍ήΘϟ΍ ΕϼλϮϟ΍ ΔϴΒϛΎϨΘϟ΍ ΕϼλϮϟ΍ ϲοήόϟ΍ ϯήΠϤϟ΍ Εϼλϭ /ΔϳέΎϔϨϐϟ΍/ ΔϴΒϴόϜΘϟ΍ ΕϼλϮϟ΍ /ΔϓΎΤϟ΍ Εϼλϭ/ ΔοήόΘδϤϟ΍ ΕϼλϮϟ΍ ΐϴτθΘϟ΍ Εϼλϭ / Δ˷ϳϭ΍ΰϟ΍ ΕϼλϮϟ΍ ϥΎδϠϟ΍ϭ ήϘϨϟ΍ Εϼλϭ ΰϳήϔΘϟ΍ Εϼλϭ ΔϟΎτΘγϻ΍ Εϼλϭ

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A lap joint is one in which one member laps over the other. In the simplest form of lap joint, one piece is simply laid on top of the other and secured with glue, mechanical fasteners or both.

ΪΣ΃ ΎϬϴϓ ΐϛ΍ήΘϳ ϲΘϟ΍ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϲϫ ΔϴΒϛ΍ήΘϟ΍ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ . ήΧϵ΍ ήμϨόϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ήλΎϨϋ ϭ΃ ˯΍ήϐϟ΍ Δτγ΍ϮΑ ΎϬπόΑ ϊϣ ήλΎϨόϟ΍ ΖϴΒΜΗ ϢΘϳ /ήϴϣΎδϤϟ΍ϭ ϲϏ΍ήΒϟ΍ / ΔϴϜϴϧΎϜϴϤϟ΍ ΕΎΘΒΜϤϟ΍ Δτγ΍ϮΑ . Ύ˱όϣ ΎϤϬϠϴϜΑ ϭ΃

Normally the thickness of each piece is reduced, usually by one-half. When this is done with a rabbet at the end of each piece the result is the i joint. If the rabbet on one piece is replaced with a dado, the result is the joint, sometimes called a , or Dadoes on both pieces produce the i

joint. The pieces don't have to be at a right angle. As we can see in picnic table legs. If the dadoes are cut on the edges of the pieces rather than on the face, you have the joint.

ΔϟϮλϮϤϟ΍ ΔϴΒθΨϟ΍ ϊτϘϟ΍ ΔϛΎϤγ ιΎϘϧ· ϢΘϳ Ύϣ Γ˱ ΩΎϋ . ΎϬπόΑ ϰϠϋ ΎϬΒϴϛήΗ ϞΒϗ ϒμϨϟ΍ ϰϟ· ϲϓήσ ϰϠϋ ϞϴλϮΘϟ΍ϭ ΔϛΎϤδϟ΍ ιΎϘϧ· ϢΘϳ ϥ΃ ϦϜϤϳ ϦϴΒϣ Ϯϫ ΎϤϛ ˬ ΎϤϫϼϛ ϭ΃ ΎϤϫ΍ΪΣ· ςγϭ ϭ΃ ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ . ϞϜθϟ΍ ϲϓ ϢΘϳ ϰΘΣ ΓΪϣΎόΘϣ ϊτϘϟ΍ ϥϮϜΗ ϥ΃ ΓέϭήπϟΎΑ βϴϟ . ΔϴΒϛ΍ήΗ ΔϠλϮΑ ΎϬϠϴλϮΗ ϊτϘϟ΍ ϪΟϭ ϰϠϋ ΐϛ΍ήΘϟ΍ ϢΘϳ ϥ΃ ΓέϭήπϟΎΑ βϴϟ . ΎϬΒϧ΍ϮΟ ϰϠϋ ϥϮϜϳ Ϊϗ ΎϤϧ·ϭ

If the sides of the dado are angled along the face of the pieces, you have the , a lock joint.

ϲϫϭ ˬ ΔϳέΎϔϨϏ ΔϴΒϛ΍ήΗ ΔϠλϭ ήϴΧϷ΍ ϞϜθϟ΍ ϦϴΒϳ . ϲΗ΍Ϋ Ϟϔϗ Ε΍Ϋϭ Γ˯ΎδΟ ήΜϛ΃

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Butt joints are those where one piece is simply butted up against another.

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ΐϛΎϨΘΗ ϲΘϟ΍ ΕϼλϮϟ΍ ϲϫ ΔϴΒϛΎϨΘϟ΍ ΕϼλϮϟ΍ . ΎϬπόΑ ΐϧΎΟ ϰϟ· ϯΫΎΤΘΗ ϭ΃ ϰϠϋ ϰϟϭϷ΍ ΔότϘϟ΍ ϑήσ ΐϛΎϨΘϳ ϥ΃ ϦϜϤϳ ϭ΃ ϲΒϧΎΠϟ΍ ΎϬΤτγ ϰϠϋ ϭ΃ ΔϴϧΎΜϟ΍ ΔότϘϟ΍ ϑήσ . ΎϬϬΟϭ ϰϠϋ

The end of one piece may butt against the face of the other, or against the edge . The joint may be used at the ends of both pieces, as shown, or at other points.

ˬ ϲΗ΍Ϋ Ϟϔϗ ΔϴϠϤϋ ϱ΃ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϢπΗ ϻ ϭ΃ ˯΍ήϐϟ΍ ϡ΍ΪΨΘγΎΑ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϦϴΘϤΗ ϢΘϳ ϲϟΎΘϟΎΑϭ ΔϠϴγϭ ϱ΄Α ϭ΃ ΔϴδϘΘϟ΍ ι΍ήϗ΄Α ϭ΃ ήϴΑ΍ϮΨϟΎΑ . ΔϴϜϴϧΎϜϴϤϟ΍ ΕΎΘΒΜϤϟΎϛ ˬ ϯήΧ΃

This joint could be reinforced by glue, by dowels, by biscuits, or by other means. The flat butt joint occurs in cabinet face frames, where it is often reinforced by pocket screws.

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ΐΒδΑ Δϔϴόο ΔϠλϭ ΔϴΒϛΎϨΘϟ΍ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ήΒΘόΗ ˬ ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ ϦϴΑ αΎϤΘϟ΍ ΢τγ ΔΣΎδϣ ήϐλ Εϼλϭ ϦϴΑϭ ΎϬϨϴΑ ΞϣΪϟ΍ ϭ΃ ΎϬϤϴϋΪΗ ΐΠϳϭ . ϯήΧ΃

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A groove is cut along the length of the grain. A dado is cut across the grain.

*+ ' ()& ϦϴΑϭ ˬ (groove ) ΩϭΪΧϷ΍ ϦϴΑ ΰϴϴϤΘϟ΍ ΐΠϳ . (dado) ϲοήόϟ΍ ϯήΠϤϟ΍ ΔότϘϟ΍ ϝϮσ ϰϠϋ /ΩϭΪΧϷ΍/ ϝϭϷ΍ ΪΘϤϳ ΚϴΣ /ϲοήόϟ΍ ϯήΠϤϟ΍/ ϲϧΎΜϟ΍ ϊτϘϳ ΎϤϨϴΑ ˬ ΔϴΒθΨϟ΍ ΔϴΒθΨϟ΍ ϕϭήόϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ϱΩϮϤϋ ϞϜθΑ ΔϴΒθΨϟ΍ ΔότϘϟ΍ . (ΎϬϴϓ ήΒϛϷ΍ ΪόΒϟ΍ ϩΎΠΗΎΑ ϥϮϜΗ ΎϣΪϨϋ) ΔότϘϟ΍ ϲϓ

In the joint, the dado is cut in one piece and the end of the second piece is set into it. The dado is the same width as the thickness of the second piece. It is a common joint in such things as bookcases or cabinets. It's major disadvantage is its appearance. In trying to avoid that, the dado is stopped short of the edge of the first piece and a corresponding notch is cut in the end of the second piece. Cutting a rabbet on the piece that fits into the dado, and decreasing the width of the dado by a corresponding amount gives the joint. This joint is more rigid than the dado joint. Cutting one edge of the dado at an angle, with a matching cut on the mating pi ece produces the joint. It also adds rigidity, plus it is a locking joint. If both edges of the dado are angled, you get the , or joint.

ϊτϗ ϢΘϳ ˬ ΔτϴδΒϟ΍ ϲοήόϟ΍ ϯήΠϤϟ΍ ΔϠλϭ ϲϓ Ϫοήϋ ϥϮϜϳ ΚϴΤΑ ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ ϯΪΣ· ϲϓ ϯήΠϤϟ΍ ϩάϫ ΰϴϛήΗ ϢΘϳϭ ˬ ΔϴϧΎΜϟ΍ ΔότϘϟ΍ ΔϛΎϤγ ϱϭΎδϳ . ϯήΠϤϟ΍ ϦϤο ΓήϴΧϷ΍ ϱΩΎϔΘϟϭ . ΎϬ΋ϭΎδϣ Ϣϫ΃ ΪΣ΃ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϩάϫ ήϬψϣ ήΒΘόϳ ήϴϏ ϰϟϭϷ΍ ΔότϘϟ΍ ϲϓ ϲοήόϟ΍ ϯήΠϤϟ΍ ϞόΠϧ ϚϟΫ ϝϮσ έ΍ΪϘϤΑ ΔϴϧΎΜϟ΍ ΔότϘϟ΍ Ϧϣ ˯ΰΟ ϢϠΜ˵ϳϭ ϞϣΎϛ . ϞϣΎϛ ήϴϐϟ΍ ϯήΠϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϲϘΒΘϤϟ΍ ˯ΰΠϟ΍ (rabbet ) ΔϴϧΎΜϟ΍ ΔότϘϟ΍ ϑήσ ΰϳήϔΗ ϢΘϳ ϥ΃ ϦϜϤϳ . ΔϠλϮϠϟ ήΒϛ΃ Γ˯ΎδΟ ˯ΎτϋϹ ΔότϘϠϟ ΰϳήϔΘϟ΍ ϲΤτγ ϼϛ ϭ΃ ΪΣ΃ Δϟ Ύϣ· ϦϜϤϳ ΎϤϛ ΔότϘϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ϯήΠϤϠϟ ϱί΍Ϯϣ ϥϼϴϣ ϊϣ ΔϴϧΎΜϟ΍ Ϟϔϗ Ε΍Ϋ ΎϬϠόΟϭ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ Γ˯ΎδΟ ΓΩΎϳΰϟ ϚϟΫϭ ϰϟϭϷ΍ ϯήΠϤϟ΍ ΔϠλϭ ϭ΃ ΔϘϟΰϨϤϟ΍ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϰϤδΗϭ ˬ ϲΗ΍Ϋ . ϞϜθϟ΍ ϲϓ ΎϤϛ ˬϱέΎϔϨϐϟ΍ ϲοήόϟ΍

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>,-. The dovetail joint is an advanced joint used most often to join two pieces at a right angle. Each piece has a combination of recesses and projections. On one piece the projections are called pins, on the other tails.

Pins

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Tails

In the joint, both the pins and tails extend entirely through the mating piece. End grain is visible on both pieces. The joint hides the end grain on the tails, leaving end grain visible on only one surface of the joint. This joint is also called a . If neither the pins nor the tails extend all the way through, you get the joint. When assembled, this joint appears to be a rabbet joint.

ΔϠλϭ ϲϫ (dovetail ) ΔϳέΎϔϨϐϟ΍ ϭ΃ ΔϴΒϴόϜΘϟ΍ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ΔϧΎΘϤϟ΍ϭ ίΎΠϧϹ΍ ϲϓ ΔϗΪϟ΍ ΚϴΣ Ϧϣ ϡΪϘΘϣ ϯϮΘδϣ ϰϠϋ . ςϘϓ ϦϴΗΪϣΎόΘϣ ϦϴΘότϗ ϦϴΑ ϞμΗ ϲϫϭ ˬ ϡϼΛ΃ ϰϠϋϭ) Ε΍ίϭήΑ ΔϋϮϤΠϣ ϰϠϋ Δότϗ Ϟϛ ϱϮΘΤΗ ϥ· (Pins) ϊΑΎλ΃ Ε΍ίϭήΒϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϰϤδΗ ˬ (ΎϬϨϋ ΔΠΗΎϧ ϱΩϮϤϋ ϞϜθΑ ΎϬϴϟ· ήψϨϟ΍ ΪϨϋ Δϳί΍ϮΘϣ ΎϬϓϭήΣ ΖϧΎϛ ΎϬϓϭήΣ ΖϧΎϛ ϥ· (Tails) ΔϳέΎϔϨϏ Ε΍ίϭήΑ ϰϤδΗϭ ΎϬϴϟ· ήψϨϟ΍ ΪϨϋ (ή΋Ύτϟ΍ ϞϳΫ ϪΒθϳ ϞϜη Ε΍Ϋ) ΔϠ΋Ύϣ . ϞϜθϟ΍ ϦϴΒϳ ΎϤϛ ˬ Ύ˱ϳΩϮϤϋ ςδΑϷ΍ ϲϫϭ ˬ ΓάϓΎϧ ΔϳέΎϔϨϏ ΔϠλϭ ϦϴΒϳ ϝϭϷ΍ ϞϜθϟ΍ ΔϳέΎϔϨϏ ΔϠλϭ ϦϴΒϳ ϲϧΎΜϟ΍ ϞϜθϟ΍ ϭ . Ύ˱όϴϨμΗ ϞϬγϷ΍ϭ ϰϠϋ κϘϟ΍ Ϧϋ ΔΠΗΎϨϟ΍ ΔϴΒθΨϟ΍ ϕϭήόϟ΍ ϲϔΨΗ ΔϴΒϛ΍ήΗ ΔϳέΎϔϨϏ ΔϠλϭ ϦϴΒΑ ΚϟΎΜϟ΍ ϞϜθϟ΍ ϭ . ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ ϯΪΣ· ϲϔΨΗ ΎϬϨϜϟϭ Ύ˱όϴϨμΗ ΐόλϷ΍ ϲϫϭ ΔϘϠϐϣ ΔϴΒϛ΍ήΗ ˬ ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ ϼϛ ϰϠϋ κϘϟ΍ Ϧϋ ΔΠΗΎϨϟ΍ ΐθΨϟ΍ ϕϭήϋ . ΰϳήϔΗ ΔϠλϭ ΎϬϧ΄ϛ ΝέΎΨϟ΍ Ϧϣ ήϬψΗϭ ΔΒόλ ΎϬϨϜϟϭ ΔϳϮϗ ΔϠλϭ ϲϫ ΔϳέΎϔϨϐϟ΍ ΕϼλϮϟ΍ ΐθΨϟ΍ ϊτϗ ϞϴλϮΗ ϲϓ ϡΪΨΘδΗ ΖϧΎϛϭ ϞϴϜθΘϟ΍ .Δϋ΍ήΒϟ΍ έΎϬχϹ ϡΪΨΘδΗ ΎϤϛ ˬ ΓΩϮΠϟ΍ ΔϴϟΎόϟ΍ Γήϴϐμϟ΍ ΕΎηέϮϟ΍ ϲϓ ΕϼλϮϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϊϴϨμΗ ϢΘϳ ( jigsaw Δϗ΍˲ήΨϟ΍ ) ϱΩΩήΘϟ΍ έΎθϨϤϟ΍ ϡ΍ΪΨΘγΎΑ

Dovetail joints are very strong, but also very difficult to form. They were used on high quality pieces because of their strength. In the small workshop dovetails are usually made using a router and a dovetail jig.

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0 67&0 + "5) ϞϴλϮΗ ϢΘϳ ΎϣΪϨϋ ΔοήόΘδϤϟ΍ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ϞμΤϧ ˬ ΎϤϬπόΑ ϊϣ ϦϴΘότϘϠϟ ϦϴϘϴπϟ΍ ϦϴϴΒϧΎΠϟ΍ ϦϴΤτδϟ΍ ϝϮμΤϠϟ ϱϮΘδϣ ΢τγ ϞϤόϟ Ϛϟ Ϋ ϥϮϜϳ Ύϣ Ύ˱ΒϟΎϏϭ . ϪΑΎη Ύϣ ϭ΃ ΏΎΑ ϭ΃ ΔϟϭΎσ ΢τγ ϰϠϋ . ˯΍ήϐϟ΍ Δτγ΍ϮΑ Γ˱ ΩΎϋ ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ ϞϴλϮΗ ϢΘϳ

Edge joints occur when the narrow faces of two pieces are joined, usually to make a panel for a table top, door, or similar use. In the simplest form the joint is simply glued. The joint may be reinforced with dowels, or biscuits.

ΎϬϤϴϋΪΗ ϢΘϳ ϯϮϗ΃ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϞόΠϟ ΔΟΎΣ ΩϮΟϭ ΪϨϋϭ ϲϓ ΎϤϛ ˬ ήϴΑ΍ϮΨϟ΍ ϭ΃ ΓΎδϘ˵Ϥϟ΍ ι΍ήϗϷ΍ Δτγ΍ϮΑ . ϞϜθϟ΍ ϊοϭϭ ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ ϼϛ ϲϓ ΩϭΪΧ΃ κϗ ϢΘϳ ϥ΃ ϦϜϤϳ ϥ΃ ϦϜϤϳϭ ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ ϞλϮϟ ϦϳΩϭΪΧϷ΍ ϦϴΑ ϥΎδϟ ΩϭΪΧϷ΍ ϥϮϜϳ ΎϣΪϨϋ ΐϧΎΠϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΍˱ήϫΎχ ϪϠόΠϧ . ϞϣΎϛ ήϴϏ ΩϭΪΧϷ΍ ϥϮϜϳ ϥ΄Α Ύ˱ϴϔΨϣ ϭ΃ ΍˱ήϤΘδϣ . ΐϘΜϣ ϭ΃ ήΗϭ΍έ Δϟ΁ Δτγ΍ϮΑ ΩϭΪΧϷ΍ ϞϤϋ ϢΘϳ

A groove can be cut in each piece and a spline inserted in the grove ( ) If the grooved are stopped short of the ends, the spline won't show (

Equal size rabbets can be cut on opposing faces of the pieces ( If rabbets are cut on both faces of one piece and a groove is cut down the center of the edge on the other piece, you have a joint.

ΎϤϛ ˬ ϦϴϠΑΎϘΘϤϟ΍ ϦϴΤτδϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΓΰϳήϔΗ κϗ ϦϜϤϳ αΎϤΘϟ΍ ΢τγ ΓΩΎϳΰϟ ˬ ήϴΧϷ΍ ϞϜθϟ΍ ϲϓ ϦϴΒϣ Ϯϫ . ΔϠλϮϠϟ Γ˯ΎδΠϟ΍ ΓΩΎϳίϭ ϦϴΤτδϟ΍ ΪΣϷ ϦϴΘϬΠϟ΍ ϰϠϋ ΓΰϳήϔΗ κϗ ϝΎΣ ϲϓϭ ΔϠλϭ ϰϠϋ ϞμΤϧ ήΧϵ΍ ΢τδϟ΍ ϲϓ ϞΑΎϘϣ ΩϭΪΧ΃ϭ . ϥΎδϠϟ΍ϭ ήϘϨϟ΍

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Miter joint is a butt joint connecting the end grain of two pieces, each of which is cut at an angle. It has the advantage of hiding the end grain, giving a better appearance. It is usually found in picture frames, and on door and window casings.

;<"&0 9 &: ϲΘϳΎϬϧ ϞμΗ ΔϴΒϛΎϨΗ ΔϠλϭ ϲϫ Δ˷ϳϭ΍ΰϟ΍ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ΎϤϬϨϣ Ϟϛ ϦϴΘλϮμϘϣ ϦϴΘϴΒθΧ ϦϴΘότϘϟ κϘϟ΍ κϘϟ΍ ΔϳΎϬϧ ˯ΎϔΧ· Γΰϴϣ ΎϬϟ ϥΈϓ ϲ ϟΎΘϟΎΑϭ . Δϳϭ΍ΰΑ . ΔϠλϮϠϟ Ϟπϓ΃ ΍˱ήϬψϣ ϚϟάΑ Δ˱ ϴτόϣ Ώ΍ϮΑϷ΍ ςϴΤϣϭ Ε΍έΎσϹ΍ ϲϓ Γ˱ ΩΎϋ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϩάϫ ΪΠϧ . άϓ΍ϮϨϟ΍ϭ ϦϜϤϴϓ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϲϓ ήϴϐλ αΎϤΘϟ΍ ΢τγ ϥ΃ ΎϤΑ ϭ΃ ϥΎδϠΑ ϭ΃ ήϴΑ΍ϮΨΑ Δϳϭ΍ΰϟ΍ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϢϴϋΪΗ ϢΘϳ ϥ΃ . ΓΎ˷δϘϣ ι΍ήϗ΄Α

The simple miter may be reinforced with dowels, biscuits, or with a spline. The joint, as shown, gives a little more gluing surface than the miter . The joint, as shown, offers a lot of gluing surface while leaving end grain visible on only one piece.

ϊϣ Δϳϭ΍ί ΔϠλϭ ϦϴΑ ΞϣΪϟ΍ ΪϨϋ ϞϜθϟ΍ ϦϴΒϳ ΎϤϛ .ϼ ˱ ϴϠϗ ΔϳήϐΘϟ΍ ΢τγ Ϊϳΰϧ ΓΰϳήϔΗ Ϊϳΰϳ Δϳϭ΍ί ΔϠλϭϭ ΔϴΒϛ΍ήΗ ΔϠλϭ ϦϴΑ ΞϣΪϟ΍ ϥ΃ ΎϤϛ ϯΪΣ· ϰϘΒΗϭ ˬ ήϴΒϛ ϞϜθΑ /αΎϤΘϟ΍/ ΔϳήϐΘϟ΍ ΢τδϟ΍ . ΓήϫΎχ κϘϟ΍ ϲΘϳΎϬϧ

We usually see the miter joint used to join pieces at a right angle, but it can be used with other angles as well. In most cases, the angle at which the miter is cut is 1/2 of the angle made by the pieces to be joined. But there are cases, when joining two pieces of different widths, where the miter angle is not half of the outside angle.

ˬ ΓΪϣΎόΘϣ ϊτϗ ϦϴΑ Δϳϭ΍ΰϟ΍ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϥϮϜΗ Ύϣ Γ˱ ΩΎϋ . ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ ϦϴΑ ΔϤ΋Ύϗ Δϳϭ΍ΰϟ΍ ϥϮϜΗ ϻ΃ ϦϜϤϳ ϦϜϟϭ Δϳϭ΍ΰϟ΍ ϒμϧ ϝΩΎόΗ Ύ˱ΒϟΎϏ Δότϗ ϞϜϟ κϘϟ΍ Δϳϭ΍ί ϥϮϜϳ ΎϣΪϨϋ ϦϜϟϭ . ϦϴΘϟϮλϮϤϟ΍ ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ ϦϴΑ ϱϭΎδΗ ϻ κϘϟ΍ Δϳϭ΍ί ϥΈϓ Ύ˱ϔϠΘΨϣ ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ νήϋ . ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ ϦϴΑ Δϳϭ΍ΰϟ΍ ϒμϧ

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The

joint is made with a mortise in one piece and a tenon on the other.

>5& ?& ίϭήΑ Ϧϣ ΎϬϟ ϞϜη ςδΑ΃ ϲϓ ϥΎδϠϟ΍ϭ ήϘϨϟ΍ ΔϠλϭ ϒϟ΄ΘΗ ϦϴϘΑΎτΘϣ ΎϧϮϜϳ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳϭ ˬ (ΓήϘ˵ϧ) ϒϳϮΠΗ Ϧϣ ϭ (ϥΎδϟ) . ϥΎϜϣϹ΍ έΪϗ

In this joint the tenon is cut in from both faces and both edges. The thickness of the tenon is usually about 1/2 the thickness of the piece on which it is cut. The joint is usually secured by glue, and the tenon is cut about 1/\ shorter than the depth of the mortise to allow room for any glue squeeze out during assembly. Sometimes a mortise is cut in both pieces. The tenon is made separately and glued into both mortises. This forms a

joint When assembled, the tenon is entirely hidden and the joint appears to be a simple butt joint. If the tenon extends entirely through the matching piece, the joint is called a

.

. ΔότϘϟ΍ ΔϛΎϤγ ϒμϧ ϥϮϜΗ Ύϣ ΓΩΎϋ ϥΎδϠϟ΍ ΔϛΎϤγ ϙήΘΗ ϥ΃ ΐΠϳϭ ˬ ˯΍ήϐϟΎΑ Γ˱ ΩΎϋ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϩάϫ ΖϴΒΜΗ ϢΘϳ ϚϟΫϭ ϒϳϮΠΘϟ΍ ϖϤϋϭ ϥΎδϠϟ΍ ΔϳΎϬϧ ϦϴΑ Γήϴϐλ ΔϓΎδϣ . ΎϬϴϓ Ϊ΋΍ΰϟ΍ ˯΍ήϐϟ΍ ϊϤΠΘϳ ϲϛ ϞϣΎϜϟΎΑ Ύ˱ϴϔΨϣ ϥΎδϠϟ΍ ϥϮϜϳ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϊϴϤΠΗ ΪϨϋ . ΔτϴδΑ ΔϴΒϛΎϨΗ ΔϠλϭ ΎϬϧ΄ϛ ήϬψΗϭ ϒϳϮΠΘϟ΍ ϞϴϜθΘϟ ΔΒδϨϟΎΑ ϥΎδϠϟ΍ ϞϴϜθΗ ΔΑϮόλ ΐΒδΑ ΎϤϬϨϴΑ ϊοϮϳϭ ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ ϼϛ ϲϓ ϦϴϔϳϮΠΗ ϞϴϜθΗ ϢΘϳ ϪϧΈϓ floating ϭ΃ ήΣ ϥΎδϟ) Γήϴϐλ ΔϴΒθΧ ΔϠϴλϮΗ Ϯϫ ΎϤϛ ˬ ϦϴϔϳϮΠΘϟ΍ ϼϛ ϦϤο ΎϬΘϳήϐΗ ϢΘϳ (tenon . ϝϭϷ΍ ϞϜθϟ΍ ϲϓ ΢ο΍ϭ ϑήτϟ΍ ϰϟ· Ϟμϳ ϰΘΣ ϒϳϮΠΘϟ΍ ΪϳΪϤΗ ϢΘϳ ϥ΃ ϦϜϤϳ ϰϟ· ϥΎδϠϟ΍ Ϟμϳ ϥ΃ ά˳ ΋ΪϨϋ ΐΠϳϭ ˬ ΔότϘϟ΍ Ϧϣ ήΧϵ΍ . ϒϳϮΠΘϟ΍ ΔϳΎϬϧ ΔϟϭΎτϟ΍ ϚϜγ ϦϴΑ ΕϻϭΎτϟ΍ ϲϓ ΍˱ήϴΜϛ ΔϠϴλϮΘϟ΍ ϩάϫ ΪΠϧ . Ϣ΋΍ϮϘϟ΍ ϦϴΑϭ ΡϮϠϟ΍ ϞϤΤΗ ϲΘϟ΍

You often find this as the joint where a table leg meets the rail or apron.

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ϲΘϟ΍ϭ ΔϓϮτθϤϟ΍ ϥΎδϠϟ΍ϭ ήϘϨϟ΍ ΔϠλϭ ΚϟΎΜϟ΍ ϞϜθϟ΍ ϦϴΒϳ Γ˯ΎδΠϟ΍ Ϧϣ ΪϳΰϤϟ΍ϭ ΔϳήϐΘϟ΍ ΢τγ Ϧϣ ΪϳΰϤϟ΍ ϒϴπΗ ΔϴϔΨϣ Δϳϭ΍ί ϞϜη ϰϠϋ Δϔτθϟ΍ ϞόΟ ϦϜϤϳ ΎϤϛ . ΔϠλϮϠϟ . ϥΎδϠϟ΍ϭ ήϘϨϟ΍ ΔϠλϭ ϭ΃ ϡΎΠϠϟ΍ ΔϠλϭ ϊΑ΍ήϟ΍ ϞϜθϟ΍ ϦϴΒϳ ϰϠϋ ΩϭΪΧ΃ Ϧϋ ΓέΎΒϋ ϒϳϮΠΘϟ΍ ΢Βμϳ ΚϴΣ ˬ ΔΣϮΘϔϤϟ΍ ϦϜϤϤϟ΍ Ϧϣ ϥϮϜϳ ΚϴΣ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϩάϫ ΪΠϧ . ΔότϘϟ΍ ϝϮσ . ϢϬϣ ήϴϏ ήϬψϤϟ΍ ϥϮϜϳ ϭ΃ Ύϫ΅ΎϔΧ· ϞϜθΑ ϡΎΠϟ ΔϠλϭ ϭ΃ Δ˷ϳϭ΍ί ΔϠλϭ ϡΎΠϠϟ΍ ΔϠλϭ ϥϮϜΗ Ϊϗ . ϞϜθϟ΍ ϦϴΒϳ ΎϤϛ ˬ T ϑήΣ

The i

joint adds both gluing surface and rigidity. The mortise could be angled back to the surface of the piece and the notch in the tenon is cut to the same angle. The joint is also called an

joint. The mortise becomes a groove, open to both faces and one end of the piece. These joints are usually found in places where they will be concealed by other components, or where the appearance of the exposed joinery isn't a concern. In the

joint, the mortise is cut entirely through the piece. Small V-shaped notches are cut in the tenon.

ϊοϭ ϢΘϳϭ ΓάϓΎϧ ϥϮϜΗ ΪΗϮϟ΍ Ε΍Ϋ ϥΎδϠϟ΍ϭ ήϘϨϟ΍ ΔϠλϭ ϲϟΎΘϟΎΑϭ ϪόϴγϮΘϟ ϥΎδϠϟ΍ ΔϳΎϬϧ ϲϓ V ϑήΣ ϞϜθΑ ϦϳΪΗϭ ϲϓ ΐϘΛ ϲϓ έϮΑΎΧ ϊοϭ ϦϜϤϳ ϭ΃ ˬ ϒϳϮΠΘϟ΍ ϲϓ ϪΘϴΒΜΗ . ϞϜθϟ΍ ϦϴΒϳ ΎϤϛ ˬ ϒϳϮΠΘϟ΍ ϲϓήσϭ ϥΎδϠϟ΍ Ϧϣ Ϟϛ ήϘ˷Ϩϟ΍ϭ (Ε΍ίϭήΒϟ΍) ϦδϟϷ΍ έ΍ήϜΗ ϢΘϳ ϥ΃ ϦϜϤϳ . ϞϜθϟ΍ ϲϓ ΎϤϛ ˬ ϊτϘϟ΍ ΕΎϛΎϤγ ΐδΣ (ϒϳϭΎΠΘϟ΍)

Mortise and tenon joints are sometimes found in multiples.

ϭ΃ ήΗϭ΍ήϟ΍ Δτγ΍ϮΑ (ΓήϘ˷Ϩϟ΍) ϒϳϮΠΘϟ΍ ϞϤϋ ϦϜϤϳ . Ϟϴϣί· Δτγ΍ϮΑ Ϊ΋΍ϭΰϟ΍ Δϟ΍ί· ϢΘΗ ϢΛ Ϧϣϭ ΐϘΜϣ Δτγ΍ϮΑ ϭ΃ έΎθϨϤϟ΍ ϊϣ ϞϴϣίϹ΍ Δτγ΍ϮΑ ϢΘϴϓ ϥΎδϠϟ΍ ϞϤϋ Ύϣ΃ ΎϤϛ Δϳή΋΍Ω ϒμϧ ϊτϗ ΔϓΎο· ϦϜϤϳϭ . ήΗϭ΍ήϟ΍ Δτγ΍ϮΑ Δθϳέ Ϧϋ ΞΗΎϨϟ΍ ϒϳϮΠΘϟ΍ ϞϜη ΔϘΑΎτϤϟ ϞϜθϟ΍ ϦϴΒϳ ϦϴϔϳϮΠΗ ϞϤϋ Ϯϫ ϞϬγϷ΍ ϰϘΒϳ ϦϜϟϭ . ήΗϭ΍ήϟ΍ . floating tenon ϞϘΘδϣ ϥΎδϠΑ ΎϤϬϠλϭϭ

A router may be used to cut the mortise, leaving the ends rounded, or by a drill, as shown.

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A rabbet is a groove cut along the very edge of a piece, removing a rectangular section of it along the edge. A rabbet joint is made by fastening one piece into a rabbet cut in another piece. The depth of the rabbet is measured on the thickness of the piece while the width of the rabbet is measured along the face. The width of the rabbet is usually equal to the thickness of the piece that will be set into it. The depth of the rabbet is usually 1/2 to 2/3 of the thickness of the piece it is cut in.

: 2"& ˬ ΔότϘϟ΍ ΔϓΎΣ ϝϮσ ϰϠϋ ΩϭΪΧ΃ Ϧϋ ΓέΎΒϋ ϲϫ /ΓΰϳήϔΘϟ΍/ Γίήϔϟ΍ ˬ ΔότϘϟ΍ ϩάϫ ΔϓΎΣ Ϧϣ ϞϴτΘδϣ ϊτϘϣ ϭΫ ˯ΰΟ Δϟ΍ί· ϢΗ Ϫϧ΃ Ϯϟ ΎϤϛ . ϞϜθϟ΍ ϦϴΒϳ ΎϤϛ ΓΰϳήϔΗ ϰϠϋ ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ ϯΪΣ· ΖϴΒΜΘΑ ΰϳήϔΘϟ΍ ΔϠλϭ ϊϨμΗ . ϯήΧϷ΍ ΔότϘϟ΍ ϲϓ ΔϋϮϨμϣ Γίήϔϟ΍ νήϋ αΎϘ ϳ˵ ΎϤϨϴΑ ˬ ΔότϘϟ΍ ΔϛΎϤγ ϖϓϭ Γίήϔϟ΍ ϖϤϋ αΎϘ˵ϳ . ΔότϘϟ΍ ΢τγ ϖϓϭ ΐϛήΘγ ϲΘϟ΍ ΔότϘϟ΍ ΔϛΎϤδϟ Ύ˱ϳϭΎδϣ Γ˱ ΩΎϋ Γίήϔϟ΍ νήϋ ϥϮϜϳ . ΎϬϨϤο ϲΘϟ΍ ΔότϘϟ΍ ΔϛΎϤγ ϲΜϠΛ ϭ΃ ϒμϧ ϲϟ΍ϮΣ ϥϮϜϴϓ Γίήϔϟ΍ ϖϤϋ Ύϣ΃ . Γίήϔϟ΍ ϩάϫ ΎϬϨϣ ϊτϘΗ

A rabbet joint may be secured by mechanical fasteners like nails or screws, or by glue, or by both.

ΔϴϜϴϧΎϜϴϤϟ΍ ΕΎΘΒΜϤϟ΍ Δτγ΍ϮΑ ΰϳήϔΘϟ΍ ΔϠλϭ ΖϴΒΜΗ ϢΘϳ Ϊϗ . ΎϤϬϴϠϜΑ ϭ΃ ˯΍ήϐϟ΍ Δτγ΍ϮΑ ϭ΃ ˬ (ϲϏ΍ήΒϟ΍ ϭ΃ ήϴϣΎδϤϟ΍ ) ϲϓ ΎϬϓΩΎμϧ ϲΘϟ΍ ΕϼλϮϟ΍ ήΜϛ΃ Ϧϣ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϩάϫ ϥϮϜΗ ΎϤΑέ . ϥΰΨϟ΍ϭ ϖϳΩΎϨμϟ΍ ϞϤϋ

This is probably the most frequently encountered joint in typical casework and cabinetry.

10

R.A-

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Splice joints are used to join two pieces at the ends. ϢΘϳ ϥ΄Α Δότϗ ϞϳϮτΗ ϞΟ΃ Ϧϣ ΔϟΎτΘγϻ΍ Εϼλϭ ϡΪΨΘδΗ . ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ ϼϜϟ ΕΎϳΎϬϨϟ΍ ΪϨϋ ϯήΧ΃ ΔότϘΑ ΎϬϠλϭ

The i joint is made by simply cutting matching angles on each of the pieces. The angled ends are then butted together. The purpose of this joint is not usually to physically join the two pieces, but rather to hide the fact that they are two pieces rather than one long one.

κϘΑ ϊϨμΗ ˬ (ϝϭϷ΍ ϞϜθϟ΍) ΔΑϮτθϤϟ΍ ΔϟΎτΘγϻ΍ ΔϠλϭ ΓΪΣ΍ϭ Δϳϭ΍ί ϖϓϭ Ύ˱ϴϟϮσ ΎϤϬϠλϭ Ω΍ή˵Ϥϟ΍ ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ ϲΘϳΎϬϧ ΎϤϬΘϴΒΜΗϭ ΎϤϬπόΑ ϰϠϋ ϦϴΘϳΎϬϨϟ΍ ϦϴΗΎϫ ϖϴΒτΗ ϢΛ Ϧϣϭ . ϯήΧ΃ ΕΎΘΒΜϣ ΔϓΎο· ϦϜϤϳϭ ˬ ˯΍ήϐϟΎΑ ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ ϞόΟϭ ΔότϘϟ΍ ϞϳϮτΗ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ϩάϫ Ϧϣ ϑΪϬϟ΍ . ΓΪϴΟ ˯ΎϬϧ·ϭ κϗ ΔϴϠϤϋ ΪόΑ ϦϜϟϭ ˬ ΓΪΣ΍ϭ Δότϗ ΎϤϬϧ΄ϛ

The i is made by cutting a rabbet across the end of each piece and lapping the rabbets. Each rabbet is usually cut to a depth of one-half the thickness of the piece. The i, uses a wedge shape removed from each piece instead of a simple flat bottomed rabbet.

ιΎϘϧΈΑ ϊϨμΗ ˬ (ϲϧΎΜϟ΍ ϞϜθϟ΍) ΔϴΒϛ΍ήΘϟ΍ ΔϟΎτΘγϻ΍ ΔϠλϭ ΎϤϬΒϴϛήΗϭ ϒμϨϟ΍ έ΍ΪϘϤΑ ΎϤϬϴΘϳΎϬϧ ΪϨϋ ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ ϼϛ ΔϛΎϤγ ϼϜϟ ιϮμϘϤϟ΍ ΢τδϟ΍ ΔϟΎϣ· ϢΘΗ ϥ΃ ϦϜ Ϥϳ . ϞϜθϟ΍ ϲϓ ΎϤϛ ˬ Γ˯ΎδΟ ήΜϛ΃ ΔϠλϭ ϰϠϋ ϝϮμΤϠϟ ΔϳϭΎδΘϣ Ύϳ΍ϭΰΑ ϦϴΘότϘϟ΍ . ΚϟΎΜϟ΍ ϞϜθϟ΍ ϲϓ ΎϤϛ Δπϳήϋ Γίήϓ ˯΍ήΟΈΑ ϊϨμΗϭ (ϊΑ΍ήϟ΍ ϞϜθϟ΍) ΔϟϭΎτϟ΍ ΔϠλϭ . Γίήϔϟ΍ ϞΧ΍Ω ϲοήϋ ϯήΠϣ ϢΛ Ϧϣϭ Δότϗ Ϟϛ ΔϳΎϬϧ ΪϨϋ ϥ΄Α ΪΗϮϟ ϝΎΠϤϟ΍ ϙήΘ˵ϴϟ ϼ ˱ ϴϠϗ ϯήΠϤϟ΍ νήϋ ΓΩΎϳί ϦϜϤϳ Ϯϫ ΎϤϛ ˬ ΔϠλϮϟ΍ ΕΎΒΛ Ϧϣ Ϊϳΰϴϟ ΞΗΎϨϟ΍ ύ΍ήϔϟ΍ ϦϤο ϞΧΪϳ . βϣΎΨϟ΍ ϞϜθϟ΍ ϲϓ ϦϴΒϣ

The i is made by cutting a wide rabbet on the end of each piece and then a narrower dado on the inside edge of the rabbet. The i, uses slightly undersized dadoes, with wedges driven into the resulting space. 11

Wood Joints - الوصلات الخشبية

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