Vocabulary+-+Boy+in+striped2

LINC 5

Vocabulary

T h e B o y i n t h e S t r i p e d P a j am am a s

Winter 2011

by John Boyne

I’ve tried to choose words that I think may be unfamiliar to you. I’ve written a very brief meaning for each word, depending on the way the word is used and its context. Remember that, in another context, the word may have a different meaning. Words that I think you should be able a ble to guess from their context are ar e not included. Usually, I’ve used the base or infinitive form when writing definitions for verbs, and the singular form of nouns. I’ve also included some idioms. We’ll go over any additional vocabulary and idioms in class. As we read through the book, I will choose fewer words to define for you and I’ll expect you to try and get the meaning form the context more often. As this is a Word document, you can hold the cursor over the vocabulary word, right-click, right-click, choose “look up” and an on-line on -line dictionary will open on the lefthand side of the page, showing you a more detailed meaning of the word. If you want to see synonyms for the word, choose synonyms. Try this if the meanings I’ve written for you don’t make sense. You can also search any Word document for a particular word: Press the “Control” key at the same time as you press the letter “F” key. Type the word you want to find, and Word will find it for you , if I’ve included it here. here . We’ll practice this in the computer lab. Vocabulary Chapter 1: B r u n o M a k e s a Di Di s c o v e r y page word meaning 1 discovery something you find out 1 bow (bowed) to look down 1 belongings things you own; things that belong to you 1 wardrobe a large wooden cupboard for storing clothes 1 tone the way our voices sound when we are talking 1 muster to call up; to gather 1 possessions belongings 1 respectfully treating someone with respect; with politeness 1 imitate to copy; to try to be like someone 1 bundle (bundled) to hold together 2 previous coming before 2 naughty behaving badly (usually refers to children) 2 allow (allowed) to let happen; to permit 2 decent acceptable; good 2 manner way 2 chaos not in order; confusion 2 butler person who answers the door at rich person’s house idiom 2 threw her hands in ; to make a gesture of frustration by raising your the air arms 2 frustration feeling upset and unable to change anything 2 march (marching) to walk in a stiff manner BN / LINC 5 / Winter 2011 / Vocabulary: The Boy in the Striped Pajamas

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fury moment apply (applied) rim(s) adventure frown (frowned) particularly bother (bothered) cause (caused) nod (nodding) fantastic typewriters mucky a man to watch entirely greengrocer to steer clear of chef collect (collected) smock tartan apron

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step out (stepped out) hesitate (hesitating) lonely terribly equally favourite respect (respected) especially include (included) suppose to (supposed to) slanted on tiptoes frame enough seat matter settle (settled) mile quite stretch (stretching)

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great anger; rage; a wild force less than a minute; a very brief time to put on the edge of something a fun trip; an exciting trip to look unhappy; the opposite of smile especially; very much; more than usually to be upset by something to make something happen to shake your head to say yes to something wonderful; great; unbelievable what we used to use before computers dirty; not clean idiom ; a man who is expected to do great things completely; 100% an old word for someone who sells vegetables and fruits ; to stay away from idiom a cook to pick up a white jacket worn for work plaid; checkered something tied around your waist to protect your clothes when cooking to leave to wait; to think before talking or doing something alone; missing your family very much (British English) the same the thing or person you like the best to value; to admire; most importantly to be part of something to be expected or allowed to do something crooked; at an angle; not straight to make yourself taller by standing on your toes the edge of a window unable to listen any more chair the issue; the subject to finish; to be over 1.6 kilometres rather; nearly to make longer

BN / LINC 5 / Winter 2011 / Vocabulary: The Boy in the Striped Pajamas

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gasp (gasping) interrupt (interrupting) forgive (forgiven) occasion strange stare (staring) repeat (repeated) splutter (spluttering) biscuit munch (munched) actually swallow (swallowed) dangerously dismissively that would be telling snap (snapping) serious complain (complaining) recently danger prepare grown-up enormous like nothing better oak whooshing often points presume (presumed) wonder consideration

Vocabulary Chapter 2: T h e page word 11 opposite 11 handful 12 nooks and crannies 12 barely 12 restriction

to have a hard time breathing to start talking before the other person is done to pardon someone or something this time; a specific time; an event new and unknown to look without looking away to say again to make a spitting sound while talking cookie to chew really; truly; in fact to eat; to move food from your mouth to your stomach riskily; not safely in a way that shows the conversation is over ; means that I want to keep this information a idiom secret to speak in an quick, angry manner not smiling or funny to protest something just happened in the last little while risk; may be hurt or harmed to get ready adult very big ; the thing you like best idiom a kind of wood, from an oak tree the sound of the wind a lot; to do something many times the number of scores or goals in a game to assume; to think something without actually knowing that it’s true to think about thinking about other people’s feelings N ew H o u s e

meaning completely different; the reverse a small number; a small amount idiom ; small, unknown places rarely; not often; almost not at all rule; something that is not allowed


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12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18

stroll (strolling) chat rush (rushing) overspilling stall aroma dizzy scent sweetness definitely middle of nowhere frothy skinny whisper prepare luxury c ha lk s t h u p t o decision the foreseeable future burst into tears content cheerful to mean business (meant business) spring (springing) determine (determined) decent exploration eventually mutter (muttered) scatter (scattered) priority contain (contained) lot full to the brim silence overpaid obvious creak slightly dare (daring) talking-to appear (appeared)

to walk slowly to talk informally to be in a hurry over flowing; so much that it’s falling or spilling a place where fruits and vegetable are for sale a smell to feel as though you will lose your balance aroma; a smell smelling of sugar; a fresh smell for sure; absolutely idiom ; far away from everything; isolated having foam or bubbles slim; not fat to speak very quietly to get ready something special that is above what you need a d d it u p t o e xp e r i e nc e . (a l o h e c h o , p e c ho ) what you have decided to do; what you are going to do idiom ; used when the time something will end is unknown idiom ; to start crying suddenly happy happy to be serious; not joking around; to expect that something will be done right away to start suddenly; to move suddenly to decide for sure about something adequate; acceptable; enough discovery; searching for something new and interesting in the end; finally to grumble; to complain quietly to spread things around the most important thing to contain stuff; things (British English) ; very full idiom no sound; no noise; no talking paid too much money for the work you do clear; able to be easily seen a squeaky noise a little bit to risk; to be afraid to do something a scolding; a serious talk about behaviour to be able to be seen


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uniform decorations secure (secured) unnatural ignore relax (relaxed) commandant respectable hilarious disappoint (disappointed)

Vocabulary Chapter 3: The page word 21 Trouble from Day One 21 concern (concerned) 21 admit 21 nasty 21 expect (expected) 21 desperate 21 collection 21 position (positioned) 22 clever 22 torture (torturing) 22 monster 22 sing-song 22 protest 22 a sore point 22 constant 22 disappointment 22 mistook 23 civilization 23 various 23 ignore (ignoring) 24 secretly 24 resign (resigned) 24 24 24

horrible smarten up (smartened up) Out-With

clothing worn by soldiers something extra on clothing to hold on; to make tight not natural; artificial; not real to not pay attention to; to not notice someone to be calm; to let go an officer in the army; in charge of soldiers deserving of respect very funny to be unhappy about something that has happened; to think that something better should have happened Hopeless Case

meaning ; usually used in a joking way, to suggest that a idiom child has been a problem since the day of their birth 1. regard; involve; to be part of 2. to care; to worry to acknowledge; to say that something is true very bad to think that something is going to happen urgent; needing to do something right away having a large number of the same kind of things to place, to put smart to deliberately cause pain and injury to another person a living being that is not human or animal talking as if you are almost singing; used negatively to object; to complain ; something that you are very sensitive about idiom always there unhappy; regret; wishing you could change things to mistakenly think that someone is somebody else a group of people; a society several different things; assorted to not pay attention to someone or something not telling anyone else to accept something; to know you can’t change something terrible; awful; very bad / phrasal verb; to fix up, to make something better idiom Bruno’s mispronunciation of their new home


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consider (considered) exasperation bedspread thud hollow collapse immediately terrifying stare confuse (confused) face (facing) totally stroll casually trousers whistle mad (by) a stroke of luck arrive (arrived) ripe remark snap (snapped) pretend (pretending) judge appearance time and time again indicate (indicating) storm out (storming out) resemble (resembled) check suddenly indeed suggest (suggested) clutch (clutching) pigtails perfectly hesitantly elbow (elbowing)

to think about something carefully frustration; impatience a fancy cover for a bed sound that something heavy makes when dropped empty to fall down right away frightening; scary; causing terror to look at someone, usually rudely to not understand; to not know to be in front of someone or something completely a slow, casual walk informal; not deliberate pants to make a sound through your lips crazy; insane ; luckily idiom to get to the place you were going to idiom ; ready; just right comment to speak sharply; to speak angrily to behave as though you don’t know something to form an opinion of someone; to assess the way someone or something looks or seems to be idiom ; over and over again; repeatedly to show to leave a room in an angry way to look like something to see; to make sure very quickly for sure; really to give your idea of what to do to hold onto something tightly a hairstyle for girls, in which the hair is divided in half and tied at the ears done with no mistakes unsurely; slowly; tentatively to push someone with your elbow


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reappear (reappeared) adjust (adjusted) exactly

Vocabulary Chapter 4: W h a t page word 30 to begin with 30 relatives 30 picnic 31 clearing 31 orderly 31 sections 31 tend (tended) 31 castle 31 a misty moor 31 pavement 31 plaque 31 inscription 31 distance 31 extending 31 dot (dotted) 32 bale (bales) bar be d w i r e b a le s . 32 32 tangle(tangled) 32 greenery 32 sand-like 32 substance 32 hut 32 smoke stack 32 express 32 sensible 32 survey (surveyed) 32 lowly 32 subject 33 33 33 33 33 33 34 34 34

modern squeeze (squeezed) narrow (narrowed) countryside triumphantly geography exist (existed) holiday conviction

to appear again; to show again; to come back to get used to precisely; accurately T h ey S a w Th r o u g h t h e W i n d o w meaning ; to start; first; first of all idiom

family members a meal eaten outside, usually in a park a part of the forest where there are no trees in order; organized; tidy parts to take care of a house built of stone, for kings and queens an isolated, frightening place sidewalk a sign the words written on the plaque how far you are from something stretching to appear at regular spots a bundle s p ir a ls o f w ir e t o p r e ve nt in ma t e t o e s c a p e to be mixed up; not orderly plants something that is like sand a material; something a small building; not usually well-constructed a tall chimney to say; to communicate logical; correct; makes sense to see to look over a big area (adj); low someone who lives under the rule or authority of a king or queen new; not old-fashioned to push together to make thin; to close the country; outside of the city full of pride at winning the study of the Earth and how it is made to be; to live vacation; time away from your usual work or place belief


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suitable peer (peered) insist

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argument shoulder to shoulder chain gang

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wheelbarrow crutches spade frown (frowning) emerge (emerging) huddle (huddled) lunge (lunged) separate (separated) applaud rehearsal type determine (determined) shiver (shivering) decidedly remark extraordinary mutter (muttered)

appropriate; correct; right for the purpose looked to say something again when someone disagrees with you disagreement; fight with words ; to stand beside someone idiom prisoners used to be chained together as they worked, to stop them from escaping a one-wheeled cart for using in the garden sticks for helping you walk when you are injured a shovel; a tool used for digging in the garden to not smile to come out of (a building) to be close together in a group of people to move quickly towards a person in a threatening way to move two people or things apart to clap a practice a kind of something to be decided about something to shake quickly; to have a body tremor; to tremble definitely; absolutely; for sure comment out of the ordinary; unusual; different; strange to say something very quietly, often to yourself

Vocabulary Chapter 5: O u t o f B o u n d s A t A l l Ti m e s a n d N o E x c ep t i o n s page word meaning 39 only one thing for it i d i o m ; only one thing possible phrasal verb; to put things in a box 39 boxing up 39 official belonging to the government 40 realize to see; to know; to understand 40 determination a firm decision; a strong purpose 40 startled surprised; a little bit frightened 40 tone of voice the way your voice sounds to someone listening 40 shrug (shrugged) gesture of raising your shoulders 41 matter (mattered) to be important; to make a difference idiom 41 the fact that ; that 41 separate to divide in tow; to make something into two parts (separating) 41 board (boarded) to get on a train 41 plenty lots; many BN / LINC 5 / Winter 2011 / Vocabulary: The Boy in the Striped Pajamas

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point (pointed) furious perhaps creak (creaked) booming debate (debated) terrific commotion freshly pressed lacquer (lacquered) polish (polished) attention phrase discipline lack (lacked) efficiency clear imagine immediately conductor barbershop quartet capable appreciate (appreciated) broke into (laughter) salute sharp disturb (disturbed) customary gloomy hardly possibility mahogany comfortable massive solidly comfort complement (complementing) slobber (slobbering) overawe (overawed) splendour have the nerve

to aim; to show a way; to indicate very angry maybe to move slowly while making a squeaking noise loud to argue, with yourself or someone else big; large; very great noise; upset; something loud going on ; newly ironed; no wrinkles in his clothing idiom to put something shiny on your hair to make shiny by rubbing interest; notice just part of a sentence order and control; punishment to not have something getting things done quickly and well obvious; easy to see to think about something that has not yet happened right away one who guides musicians a group of four singers able to do things to value; to feel grateful for something idiom ; to start to (laugh)

a military gesture quick to interrupt; to upset the usual way of doing something shadowing; depressing; not very much light barely; almost unable to chance; opportunity a kind of dark wood relaxed; pleasant; nice very large firmly state of being relaxed to do something as you are doing something else to be wet; to drool to feel too much awe, a d m ir e d richness; luxury idiom ; to be strong or brave enough to do something


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bravely fade (faded) t o c la mb e r gentle sink (sinking) artificial bricks and mortar ergo

distinctly well up (welling up) insistent quite so tap (tapped) put your best foot forward accept (accepted) follow orders gaze significance sincere sensible float (floating) entirely stony-faced raise (raising) inexperience insolent simply blink (blinking) tense (tensed) slightly to make a run for it necessary distant unco-operative; uncooperative whatsoever in common unsatisfied imitate (imitated) heil

with courage; boldy to become lighter or smaller t o c li mb w it h d i f f ic u lt y. kind; soft to go down; to fall something constructed; something made by people; not natural building materials for houses (Latin); therefore; so clearly; plainly phrasal verb; to grow; to start firm; persistent very; completely to hit gently ; to try hard; to do your best idiom to know that you can’t change something to do what you are told to do look importance to act with truth wise; making sense to be on top of something, such as water or air completely ; not moving your face; having a stiff face idiom to lift up; to make your voice louder having no experience; being new at something rude just; only to open and shut your eyes very quickly to become stiff a little idiom ; to run away from something; to escape something that must be done far away; a long distance away not working together at all; whatever something that people share; to have something alike unhappy to copy; to try to be the same as someone (German) hail; welcome; salute; affirm

Vocabulary Chapter 6: The Overpaid Maid page word meaning BN / LINC 5 / Winter 2011 / Vocabulary: The Boy in the Striped Pajamas

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crack (cracked) peel (peeling) chip (chipped) annual top-up decorator spidery boredom expression discard (discarding) altogether signs of life collect (collecting) finally slight surely always entirely hover (hovered)

to have a break without coming apart to remove the top layer to have a small piece missing something that happens every year a refill; a fix-up a person who decorates; who makes houses attractive like a spider or a spider’s web; thin and irregular the state of being bored; having nothing to do a look that expresses your feelings to throw away

totally; completely signs that she can think for herself to pick up; to gather lastly; at last very small; thin for sure; certainly every time completely; fully; totally to be close to something without moving much t o s t a y u p in t he a ir in o n e p la c e . irritably with anger; with annoyance; impatiently allow (allowing) to permit touch (touched) ; to have an emotional affect idiom clench (clenched) to tighten; to squeeze persuade to convince; to change somebody’s mind irritate (irritated) to make someone upset; to bother someone t o s a y s t h u nd e r o n e t o wh is p e r s br e a t h. enforce (enforced) to make sure the rules are followed ashamed to have feelings of guilt or shame telling-off having someone tell you what you did wrong (British English) opinion what you think about something middle of nowhere ; far from any known place idiom mention to say casually a bit peckish ; a little hungry idiom wait on (waiting on) i d i o m ; to serve; to give service iv y a c li m b in g p la nt . dresser a person who dresses someone else (usually a performer) tour (toured) to travel around, giving concerts or shows arrange (arranged) to set up magnificent beautiful; wonderful; superb stitching hand-sewing ’

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retire (retired) pension offer (offered)

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oblige (obliged) out of his own pocket expense campaign loyalty (loyalties) drift (drifted) slam (slamming) reverberate (reverberated) recognize (recognized) pound (pounding) engage (engaged) defensively suspiciously tidy (tidying) glow apologize behaviour situation in his heart incredulous grate (grating) frenzied worry although half to death concentrate suddenly overwhelming pace eager

61 62 62 62 62 62 63 63 63 63 63 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 66 66

Vocabulary Chapter 7: H o w Hadn’t Done page word 67 prospect 67 on the horizon 67 entertain 67 dispute

to stop working money you receive after you stop working to give something to someone, who may or may not take it to require ; with his own money idiom cost; amount of money you have to pay for something a planned action act of being faithful to someone or something to float away from one idea to shut a door with force so it makes a loud sound to echo; to back-fire to know; to see or hear something and know that you have seen or heard it before to walk quickly and noisily to take part in; to hold in a defensive way; in a way to protect yourself with suspicion; not trusting to clean up; to put something back in order shine to say that you are sorry for something the way someone behaves or acts a state; a condition; a location ; emotionally; deep down; something you feel idiom unbelieving to annoy; to irritate frantic; desperate; anxious to be concerned about; to be anxious even if; while idiom ; very much; seriously think; focus; give attention to quickly; all of a sudden; in a moment overpowering; great, irresistible speed; rate of walking ready; anxious Mother Took Credit for Something That She

meaning sign ; in sight; coming up soon idiom to keep busy; to amuse argument; disagreement


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giggle (giggling) latest escapade suffer (suffering) refer (referring) trench (trenches) in the trenches a fit subject convince (convinced) wander (wandering) domestic diversion hefty foreign entertainment tyre bale enthusiasm atmosphere confidence stride (striding) t o mu s t e r . till (tilled) downwind risk faint (fainting) exhaustion surprisingly appallingly simper (simpered) unthinkable favour spare spare tyre (spare tire) utterly harsh insolently (something) does not grow on trees despite self-centred

laughing most recent adventure; experience to be hurt; to have great pain to talk about something in conversation a deep ditch ; in World War I idiom ; a suitable topic; an appropriate topic idiom to be certain; to be sure; to know something for sure to walk without a definite purpose; to roam; to stroll household; having in a house something to take your mind off something else; a distraction strong; thick; big outside of your own country something to be entertained by; a diversion (English spelling); tire a large bundle interest; passion air; feeling; a sense a feeling that you can do something to walk with confidence, to walk with long steps t o g a t he r . to plough a field in rows, cultivate where the wind is blowing towards you to take a chance to become unconscious; to pass out the state of being very tired unexpectedly rudely; very bad; causing someone to be upset to speak in a way that shows you want the other person to like you; to speak coyly something that you had not thought of before to do something good for someone else extra; not needed ; extra body fat around a per son’s stomach idiom completely cruel; unkind; mean; hard rudely; without respect ; uncommon; hard to find idiom although; even though thinking about yourself all the time


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dress it up appropriate securely operation decidedly trickier installed narrowly rim woozy suffer a mischief panic first-aid box dab (dabbed) wound t o w in c e sting (stung) rapid succession villain death-trap sigh (sighed) appreciate (appreciated) courtesy glance (glances) astronomer angular to never lay eyes on beard to get to the bottom of (something) practise plaster credit

Vocabulary Chapter 8: W h y page word 86 flat 87 persuade (persuaded) 87 flaw 87 suitable

idiom ; to make something look better than it is

appropriate; right; correct tightly procedure; undertaking; the thing you are doing absolutely, particularly harder to get right to be placed; to be connected; to fit; to be in by a small amount the inside edge of the tire faint British idiom ; to be hurt; to have an accident to lose control box containing supplies for simple medical help to put on a little of something cut; open injury to d r a w a w a y fr o m s o me t hin g p a in f u l. to have a short, sharp pain very quick in a row; a series a bad person a dangerous thing, likely to kill someone to take a deep, slow breath to value; to be thankful for; to be grateful for manners; politeness to take a quick look at something someone who studies the stars and the sky having lots of angles; sharp ; never to have seen something before idiom men’s facial hair on the chin to understand; to figure something out; to find out what’s going on to work as a doctor (British); band-aid; bandage recognition; thanks; to say that you have done something Grandmo ther Stormed Out

meaning (British) apartment to convince; to try to make someone do something not perfect; an imperfection correct; right; appropriate


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dominate (dominated) coincide soak up recite (reciting) standstill congratulate unimpressed tolerant in advance elevate (elevated) regret (regretted) ignore (ignoring) muffle (muffled) slurred patriot

to be in charge; to run things; to control to happen at the same time idiom ; to enjoy to memorize a poem or other writing and say it aloud having no movement to praise; to applaud; to clap not impressed; not interested; not excited patient; not judging ; before; earlier idiom to raise up to be sorry to not pay attention to; not to notice something the sound of a voice behind a wall or door hard to hear; words with no pauses someone who is loyal to a country

Chapter 9: B r u n o R e m e m b e r s T h a t H e U s e d t o E n j o y E x p l o r a t i o n meaning page word 95 quite a while i d i o m ; period of time; length of time 95 stride (strode) to walk with long steps 96 hysterically excitedly; crazily; in a way that is out of control 96 tutor a teacher who teaches one or two students at a time German; Mr. 96 Herr British; a noisy old car 96 boneshaker 97 geography the study of land; the study of the Earth’s surface 97 sound (adj) solid; basic; healthy; sensible; acceptable idiom 97 to his credit ; deserving of praise and respect 98 heritage the culture and history of your ancestors 98 The Fatherland Germany 98 sinister threatening; frightening 99 blindfold a piece of cloth covering your eyes 99 rummage to search through things; to look for something in a (rummaged) drawer or box 100 stern serious; frowning 101 circumstances situation; scenario 101 idiotic foolish; something only an idiot would do 102 adventurous full of adventure; exciting 102 squint (squinted) to partially close your eyes, to help in reading Chapter 10: Th e D o t T h a t B e c a m e a S p e c k T h a t B e c a m e a B l o b T h a t Became a Boy

page word 104 to despair 105 category

meaning to be worried; to be upset that group; kind


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Star of David; symbol of the Jewish faith exaggerate (exaggerating) to make the most of scrunch (scrunched) cock (cocking) curiously weigh up the word on his tongue superior resolution phrase

Chapter 11: The Fury page word 116 arrangements 118 nonetheless 118 presume 119 extravagant 119 ground rules 119 120 120 122 122 122 122 123 123 123 124

enunciating courtesy deliberately t o w r ing . disdain resolve (resolved) promptly flustered roar (roared) rooted to the ground the best part of impress (impressed)

to say something that is not quite true; to expand the truth idiom ; to take advantage of to twist; to squeeze to move to one side in an interested way; wanting to know more ; to practice saying a new word and see what it idiom feels like to say it better than anything or anyone else a decision; a promise to yourself to form a sentence; to form a thought

meaning plans anyway; however; even so assume; believe; think wasteful; excessive ; basic rules; from baseball (the rules of the idiom ground where the game is played) pronouncing each speech sound very clearly politeness; good manners by choice; on purpose t o t w is t a nd p r e s s . disrespect; disregard to come to a solution; to end quickly; without waiting to be a little upset about something ho t , ne r vo u s a n d c onfused. to shout or yell very loudly idiom ; unable to move (like a tree is rooted into the ground) most of; almost to be surprised; to be astonished

Chapter 12: Shmuel thinks of an answer to Bruno’s questio n page word meaning 126 mend (mended) to repair; to fix 126 wind (wound) Before batteries, watches had to wound each day so they would keep time. 126 armband a piece of cloth worn around the upper arm BN / LINC 5 / Winter 2011 / Vocabulary: The Boy in the Striped Pajamas

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127

(s w a s t i k a )

127

prefer

128 128

delighted contradict

130 131 132 132

buffet amazed perhaps shrug (shrugged)

The swastika was the symbol of the Nazi party in Germany in the 1930’s and 40’s. It is taboo in most Western countries. to choose one thing over another; to like something better to be very happy to say that you disagree with someone; to say the opposite a restaurant where you pick up your own food astonished; very surprised maybe

Chapter 13: T h e B o t t l e o f W i n e page word meaning 135 casual relaxed; not worried; calm 135 peckish a little hungry 136 relieve (relieved) no longer worried about something 137 totally completely 138 gobble (gobbled) to eat quickly and greedily; to eat all of something 138 irritably in an angry way; impatiently 138 deliberately on purpose; consciously; with thought t o s to o p . - t o be n d fo rw a r d a nd d o w n. 139 gaze (gazed) to look at something; to watch; to stare 139 preying on his mind i d i o m ; used when you have been thinking a lot about a serious issue 139 zoo a place where wild animals are kept so people can see them 139 determine to make a decision (determined) 140 regret to be sorry 141 eventually at the end; after a long time 142 catastrophe disaster; tragedy 142 to strike to happen suddenly, without warning 142 torrent a rush of water 143 attack (attacking) to do violence to something; to eat aggressively t o s w in g fr o m s id e t o s id e . t o s w a y. t o ma k e lo o k be t t e r . t o s e t o ff . 143 boring not interesting 144 scarlet bright red 145 dismissively in a way that shows you don’t want to talk about something anymore 146 stutter (stuttered) to have trouble making sounds while speaking 146 admit to acknowledge that something is true BN / LINC 5 / Winter 2011 / Vocabulary: The Boy in the Striped Pajamas

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to owe someone an explanation vital incumbent revival tubercular hesitate (hesitated) curious disturbed traitor appropriate anxiously assure atmosphere step in (stepped in) administer (administered) realize (realized) a ginger

idiom ; to have an obligation to explain something

most important; necessary necessary; an obligation to give new life to something having tuberculosis (a disease of the lungs) to wait for a moment before thinking or speaking strange mentally unbalanced someone who betrays his or her country unsuitable in a worried way to promise; to guarantee feeling; environment; mood to come forward; to interrupt to give; to apply; to put on to see; to know; to understand a person with red hair (British English)

Chapter 14: Brun o tells a Perfectly Reason able Lie page word meaning 150 trek a walk; a hike 151 blink (blinked) to open and close your eyes quickly idiom 152 put her off her ; to not be doing something as well as you usually game do 153 instruments of things used to hurt other people (words, in this case) torture 154 dilemma a problem; a situation in which you have only poor choices 155 crucial vital; important; necessary 155 imaginary something that only exists in your mind British idiom 155 worked a treat ; worked well t o t w is t t he b o d y a bo u t 156 t o s q u ir m. 157 sarcasm cutting language; hurtful language that mocks or makes fun of someone 157 sarcastically to speak using sarcasm idiom 158 the very height of ; to say and do what very elegant, well-mannered sophistication people say and do 158 a barrel of laughs ; very funny idiom 159 gasp (gasped) to take a breath very quickly and loudly t o mo ve v io le nt l y in a t e mp e r . t o f lo u nc e . 160 lose interest (lost to not be interested in something anymore interest) BN / LINC 5 / Winter 2011 / Vocabulary: The Boy in the Striped Pajamas

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Chapter 15: S o m e t h i n g H e Shouldn’t Have Done page word meaning idiom 161 off and on ; something that starts and stops 161 manage (managed) to be able to do something; to do something with difficulty 161 tease to make fun of somebody or something; to give a little hint without satisfying 161 satisfy to be fulfilled; to please, to make happy 161 fuss an activity; a display; in this context, a birthday party 162 will a document you write that says who gets your money and possessions after you die 162 to cut someone out i d i o m ; to be threatening of his will 162 growth spurt a time when a child grows very quickly in a short time 163 sneer (sneering) to look at someone in a hostile or angry way 164 swipe (swiped) to take something quickly; to grab something idiom 165 on our best ; when children are expected to behave well behaviour ve r y e x c it ed o r a ng r y. 166 s e e t h in g . 167 medicinal acting as a medicine 167 sherry an alcoholic drink 168 root (rooting) to look around inside something; to search t o s e a r c h b y t u r n in g t h in g s o ve r . t o r o o t a bo u t . - a t yp e o f mi nt . sage. 169 in despair hopelessly; depressingly 169 anxious worried; concerned idiom 170 sentences running ; talking very fast, without pausing at the end of together quickly his sentences 170 flat exactly; precisely; no less and no more 171 tremble to shake 171 scarcely barely; hardly; not quite 172 advance to move towards; often used in a military sense (advancing) 173 glide (gliding) to fly smoothly through the air 174 churn (churned) to turn 174 grimace (grimaced) to make a face, as if you are in pain; to frown 175 black and blue ; bruised idiom 175 sidetrack ; to forget what you were going to say; to be idiom (sidetracked) distracted Chapter 16: The Haircut page word 177 impressive

meaning causing an impression; causing admiration and respect


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177

177 178 178 178 179 180 180 183 183 183 184 185 185

turn in her grave

it dawned on him w r e a t h. transfer (transferred) departure inconsolable to his credit considerably constantly persist (persisted) break into (breaking into) piercing misshapen dwindling self-confidence

Chapter 17: M o t h e r G e t s H e r page word 186 eavesdrop 187 senile 188 concentrate (concentrating) g r u b b y m it t s . 189 190 explicit 190 exasperated 191 dread (dreaded) Chapter 18: T h i n k i n g u p t h e page word 193 smuggle (smuggled) 193 eagerness 194 coincidence 194 195 195 195 195 198

odd the post cautiously flat-out rejection brainwave

idiom ; if something happens after death that would

have upset a person in life, that person is said to have “turned in their grave” or “turned over in their grave” ; he realized idiom c ir c le o f f lo w e r s , e s p e c ia l l y in a f u ne r a l. to be asked to move to a different place, usually for work leaving; departing unable to be consoled; unable to be made happy; very sad idiom ; to add to his good reputation very much; a lot; greatly all the time to keep doing something; to continue doing something to start doing something suddenly sharp; shrill; loud of a funny or strange shape shrinking; getting smaller how you feel about yourself Own W ay

meaning to listen to someone else’s conversation no longer mentally sharp; unable to think clearly to think in a very serious and focused way d ir t y ha n d s . very clear; stated directly frustrated; angry to fear; to be anxious Fi n a l A d v e n t u r e

meaning to steal; to take something without being seen excitement; enthusiasm something important that happens by chance, without being planned strange; weird; unusual British ; the mail delivery; the post office slowly and carefully at fu l l s p e e d.complete; direct; utter refusal; the act of rejecting a sudden idea


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198

198 199 199

hatch s t u b b le . no one would be any the wiser in high spirits not to mention

Chapter 19: What Happened page word 200 the clock was ticking 201 threaten (threatened) 201 the coast was clear 201 squelch (squelched) 202 despatch 202 touch and go 202 disguise 202 prospect 203 stubbly 203 cake (caked) 205 shift (shifting) 205 appalled 205 recognized 206 filthy 206 unaccustomed 206 207 207

209 211

urge nowadays horribly ho p s c o t c h.

212

clue disturbance c li n g i n g. pile (piling)

212 212 212 212

introduce frustrated vanish (vanished) out of character

to begin to grow; to emerge (as a chick hatches from an egg) s ho r t a nd s t if f p ie c e o f s t h w h ic h g r o w s . idiom ; no one would know; no one would find out idiom ; in a very good mood; very happy ; and also (something else); and as well idiom t he Next Day meaning ; time was passing; it was getting late idiom

to bully; to indicate that something bad might happen ; there is no chance of being seen idiom to make a sucking sound to ship; to send; to mail idiom ; uncertain whether things would work out clothing that will hide your true identity the thought; the idea; the hope prickly; bristly coated; covered to move; to change shocked; surprised in a bad way known; identified very dirty; extremely dirty not used to; to experience something new and unfamiliar a strong desire to do something; a strong need these days; in the present time in a horrible way; terribly; unbearably; very c h i ld r e n s g a me in w h ic h a s t o ne is t hr o w n o nt o a nu m b e r e d s q u a r e a n d e a c h c h i ld ho p s a nd ju mp s fr o m o ne t o a no t he r . evidence trouble; interruption; commotion t ig ht a nd na r r o w . to load; to push; to make a large group of people or things to present someone to someone else upset; angry; bothered; irritated to disappear ; to behave differently than what people expect of idiom you; o p p o s i t e : in character ’


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213

assume (assumed)

to think; to believe without actually having any evidence

Chapter 20: The Last Chapter page word meaning 214 undisturbed untouched; intact; without being moved 214 half expecting ; to be not surprised if an event happens, but also idiom not surprised if it doesn’t happen 215 form a theory ; to have an idea about something; to think of an idiom (formed a theory) explanation for something 215 properly correctly; adequately; as it should be 215 gap a space; an opening 215 logically in a reasonable way; in a common sense way desolate adj. giving an impression of bleak and dismal emptiness civilization n. an advanced stage or system of human social development m o o r n. a tract of open uncultivated upland surveyed v. to look carefully and thoroughly at spade n. a tool with a sharp-edged, rectangular metal blade and a long handle used for digging c o m m a n d a n t n. an officer in charge of a particular force or institution n. a travel through (an unfamiliar area) in order to learn about it exploration adv. therefore ergo patriot n. a person who vigoriously supports their country and is perpared to defend it s i n i s t e r adj. suggestive of evil or harm lacquer n. the sap of a laquer tree used to varnish wood of other materials clambered v. to climb or move in an awkward and laborious way efficient adj. working productively with minimum wasted effort or expense striding v. walking with long, decisive steps allegory an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some

subject by suggestive resemblances proverb a condensed but memorable saying embodying some important fact of experience that is taken as true by many people a humorous play on words pun f o r e s h a d o w i n g the use of hints and clues to suggest what will happen later in a plot m o r a l the significance of a story or event an opinion or strong feeling formed without careful thought or regard to the facts prejudice Fuhrer Hitler's title as Germany's dictator Auschwitz Nazi extermination camp in Poland, the largest center of mass murder during the Holocaust. Close to a million Jews, Gypsies, Communists, and others were killed there. (p. 800) a n t i - s e m i t i s m prejudice against Jews e x o d u s a large-scale departure or flight Nuremburg Laws Laws that classified a jew as someone having one or more jewish grandparent swastika the official emblem of the Nazi Party and the Third Reich the secret state police in Nazi Germany Gestapo Government supported attacks against Jews in Russia pogroms a secret group organized to overthrow a government or occupation force resistance camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany for the purpose of killing d e at h c a m p s prisoners immediately. the capital and largest city of Poland Warsaw g h e t t o formerly the restricted quarter of many European cities in which Jews were required to live genocide systematic killing of a racial or cultural group


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Chapter 1 When nine-year-old Bruno comes home from school one day, he is surprised to find the maid, Maria, packing up all his belongings. He tries to remember if he has done anything "particularly naughty" in the past few days that would warrant him being sent away as a punishment. He asks his mother, "a tall woman with long red hair that she bundle[s] into a sort of net behind her head," what is going on. He is somewhat relieved to notice that her things are being packed, too, by Lars the Butler. Chapter 2 To Bruno's extreme disappointment, everything about the family's new residence is the exact opposite of the beloved home in Berlin. The new house is the only building standing in "an empty, desolate place," and it is small, having only three stories instead of five. All of the bedrooms are crammed together on the top floor, the servants sleep in the basement, and the ground floor contains a kitchen, a dining room, and an off ice for Father, which Bruno assumes is governed by the same stern restrictions as the office back in Berlin. Chapter 3 Bruno's sister, Gretel, at age twelve, is three years older than him. He is "a little scared of her"; from as far back as he can remember, she has made it clear that she is in charge. Gretel has always been a challenge to her other family members-Bruno thinks of her as The Hopeless Case, and he has heard his parents refer to her as "Trouble From Day One." Chapter 4 Directly below Bruno's window is a small, well-tended garden with pavement surrounding it and a wooden bench highlighted by a plaque. Further out, however, the scenery changes drastically, and it is this sight that so astonishes Gretel when she looks out of the window. About twenty feet past the garden and the bench is a huge f ence topped with bales of barbed wire extending as far as the eye can see. The ground beyond the fence is barren, and there are dozens of low huts and large, square buildings with smoke stacks. Chapter 5 Bruno reflects upon his final morning in Berlin. The house had looked empty, "not like their real home at all." Father had already left the city a few days earlier, and Bruno remembers that his mother had been very nervous. With tears in her eyes, she had said abstractedly:"We should never have let the Fury come to dinner...some people and their determination to get ahead!" BN / LINC 5 / Winter 2011 / Vocabulary: The Boy in the Striped Pajamas

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Chapter 6 Out of boredom a few days later, Bruno is lying on his bed staring at the ceiling when he notices the paint above his head is cracked and peeling. This observation only adds to his unhappiness with his new home. He decides petulantly that he "hate[s] it all...absolutely everything." At this point, Maria the maid walks in carrying a stack of laundered clothes. Bruno attempts to strike up a conversation with her, asking her if she is as dissatisfied with their new living arrangements as he is. Chapter 7 After several weeks at Out-With, Bruno concludes that he had better find a way to keep himself occupied or else he will surely lose his mind. One Saturday, when neither Mother nor Father is at home, he decides to make a swing in a large oak tree a good distance from the house. For this project, Bruno will need a rope and a tyre. He finds some rope in the basement of the house, but to secure a tyre he will have to ask Lieutenant Kotler. Chapter 8 Bruno misses his paternal grandparents terribly. Grandfather, who is retired from his job running a restaurant, is seventy-three years old and, in Bruno's estimation, is "just about the oldest man in the world." Grandmother, in contrast, is sixty-two; to Bruno, she "never seem[s] old." Grandmother has long, red hair and green eyes because of Irish blood somewhere in her family. She loves to have parties and is an accomplished singer; one of her favorite pieces to perform is La Vie en Rose. Chapter 9 As time passes, Bruno's memories of home start to fade and he begins to adjust to his life at Out-With. Things remain pretty much the same: Gretel is "less than friendly" to him as usual and the soldiers go into and out of Father's office for meetings every day. The servants continue with their jobs, and Lieutenant Kotler still acts as if he owns the place; when Father is not there, he spends his time flirting with Gretel or "whispering alone in rooms with Mother." Chapter 10 Bruno walks along the fence for the better part of an hour. He does not see anyone or any opening that will allow him to cross over to the other side. Just when he is about to turn back, he spies a boy sitting in the dirt on the other side of the fence, "minding his own business, waiting to be discovered." Cautiously, Bruno approaches him and says hello. BN / LINC 5 / Winter 2011 / Vocabulary: The Boy in the Striped Pajamas

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The boy is smaller than Bruno and wears the same striped pajamas as all the other people who live beyond the fence. When he hears Bruno's voice, he looks up. Chapter 11 This chapter goes back to describe an evening in Berlin several months earlier, when the Fury comes to Bruno's house and everything changes. Father returns home one day in "a state of great excitement" and announces that the Fury has invited himself to dinner on Thursday, two days from now, because he has something of great importance to discuss with Father. Bruno asks, "Who's the Fury?" Father responds by telling him he is pronouncing the name wrong and proceeds to pronounce it correctly for him. Chapter 12 Bruno has asked Shmuel why there are so many people on his side of the fence and what they are doing there; Shmuel reflects upon his past in searching for an answer. He recalls that before he came there, he had lived with his parents and brother in a small flat in Cracow. Shmuel's father had been a watchmaker and had given him a beautiful watch that was taken away by the soldiers. Shmuel's idyllic life began to unravel when his mother made an armband with a star on it for each member of the family, and they had to wear it whenever they left the house. Chapter 13 Every afternoon, after his lessons are finished, Bruno takes the long walk along the fence and spends time talking to his new friend, Shmuel. One day as he is filling his pockets with food from the kitchen for his daily excursion, he notices the piles of vegetables waiting for Pavel to peel and is reminded of a question that has been bothering him. In confidence, Bruno asks Maria why Pavel told him he was a doctor on the day he fell from the swing. Maria is startled and at first lies, but she is clearly troubled. Chapter 14 Bruno continues to meet Shmuel by the fence in the afternoons. He asks every day if he can come over to Shmuel's side so they can play together, but Shmuel says: I don't know why you're so anxious to come across here.... I t's not very nice.

Bruno complains the difficulties of his own living conditions and even expresses envy over the advantages he thinks Shmuel has over him, which shows that he has absolutely no understanding of what life is like on the other side of the fence. BN / LINC 5 / Winter 2011 / Vocabulary: The Boy in the Striped Pajamas

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Chapter 15 Father's birthday is coming up, and Mother is planning a party for him with Lieutenant Kotler's help. Repulsed by the soldier's presence, Bruno decides to make a l ist of all the reasons why he hates him. The lieutenant never smiles, and Gretel flirts with him shamelessly. Also, when Father is away, the young soldier is always around the house with Mother, acting "as if he [is] in charge." Sometimes he is there when Bruno goes to bed and is back before he gets up again in the morning. One time Bruno saw Lieutenant Kotler shoot a dog that was barking outside. Chapter 16 Almost a year has passed since Bruno and his family moved to Out-With. Grandmother dies, and the family must return to Berlin for her funeral. Bruno had missed his home acutely when they first had to relocate, but in the intervening time his memories of life in Berlin have slowly faded, and the two days they spend back home are very sad. Father is particularly remorseful because he and Grandmother had fought before she died and never made it up. Chapter 17 In the weeks after the discovery of lice in the children's hair, Mother's unhappiness with life at Out-With becomes increasingly noticeable. Bruno understands her situation perfectly because he remembers how lonely he had been before he had found Shmuel to talk to. Mother has no one, especially now that Lieutenant Kotler has been transferred away. One afternoon, Bruno overhears an especially vehement "conversation" between his mother and father. Mother declares that she "can't stand it anymore," and although Father argues that they "don't have any choice" because of the gossip that will spread. Chapter 18 Shmuel does not show up at their usual meeting place for a few days, and Bruno is worried that he will have to leave Out-With without saying good-bye. Finally, on the third day, Shmuel is there again at the fence, but he looks "even more unhappy than usual." He tells Bruno that something bad has happened and his father is missing. According to Shmuel, his father had gone Monday on "work duty with some other men"; inexplicably, none of them have returned. Chapter 19 On the day of Bruno and Shmuel's scheduled "great adventure," it rains heavily in the morning, and Bruno worries that he will not be able to see his friend before leaving for BN / LINC 5 / Winter 2011 / Vocabulary: The Boy in the Striped Pajamas

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Berlin. Fortunately, the weather improves in the afternoon, and Bruno is able to make his way down the fence to their regular meeting place. When he arrives, Bruno finds Shmuel waiting for him with an extra pair of striped pajamas "exactly like the one he [is] wearing." Bruno tells Shmuel to turn his back then he Bruno strips off his own clothes and dons the striped pajamas. Chapter 20 After the incident on the other side of the fence, Bruno is never seen or heard from again. His parents are frantic when he does not return home that day, and soldiers are sent out immediately to search "every part of the house and...all the local towns and villages." Mother, who had been so happy about returning to Berlin, ends up staying at Out-With for several more months, hoping for news of her son. Eventually, she decides that he must have made his way back home to Berlin by himself, and she goes to wait for him there.


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Vocabulary+-+Boy+in+striped2

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