Unit 9 Machines

UNIT 9. MACHINES

A

MACHINE

IS ANY OBJECT THAT WE USE TO PERFORM A TASK WITH LESS EFFORT OR MORE

SPEED.

MACHINES HELP US

LIFT WEIGHTS

MOVE FROM

DO DOMESTICS

ONE PLACE TO

TASKS

HEAT OUR

COMUNICATE

HOUSES

ANOTHER

& PLAY

MACHINES need ENERGY to work.

SPANNER NEED

FORCE

CART MOVE IF

HORSE PULLS IT

COMPUTERS

CARS & AEROPLANES

NEED TO BE

PLUGGED

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WINDMILLS

MOVE WITH

NEED

FUEL (GASOLINA)

WIND OR WATER

SIMPLE MACHINES ONE PIECE OR VERY FEW PIECES

INCLINED PLANE

RAMP: *BETWEEN 2 POINTS

LEVER

WHEEL

STRONG RIGID BAR THAT MOVE ON A POINT OF SUPPORT

SORT CYLINDER THAT TURNS ON A BAR THAT PASSES THROUGH ITS CENTRE

DIFERENT LEVELS

INCREASED POWER *REDUCE THE FORCE

BAR CALLED AXLE

PULLEY

WHEEL WITH A CHANNEL AROUND ITS OUTER EDGE A ROPE OR CABLE SITS INSIDE CHANNEL

LIFT HEAVY OR

TO RAISE HEAVY OBJECTS

*CAN

ONE LEVEL TO ANOTHER

CRUSH OBJECTS

* MOVE HEAVY

*HELP US

OBJECTS

OBJECTS

WITH LITTE EFFORT

2

LIFT

COMPOUND MACHINES *ARE MADE FROM MANY PARTS *ARE VERY EFFICIENT (USE LESS ENERGY TO GREATER EFFECT)

A MOTOR

OTHER COMPOUND MACHINES

*MACHINE THAT TRANSFORM THE ENERGY IT RECIVES INTO MOVIMENT.

*WORK ON

FUEL ELECTRICITY WATER CURRENTS WIND AN ANIMAL STRENGTH OF

*PERFORM DIVERSE TASKS WITH THE ENERGY THAT THEY RECIVE.

LAMPS

BOILERS

PRODUCE LIGHT

PRODUCE HEAT

A HUMAN *CAN BE CONNECTED TO OTHERS MACHINES: PRODUCE MOVEMENT MOST VEHICLES

*HAS GOT MOTOS

MACHINES IN FACTORIES MACHINES IN OUR HOMES

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TV

COMPUTERS

TRANSFORM TRANSFORM ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL SIGNALS SIGNAL INTO INTO IMAGES INFORMATION & SOUND

MACHINES HELP US

HUMANS HAVE BUILT AND USED MACHINES SINCE ANCIENT TIMES

THE FIRST MACHINES (THE OLDEST)

VERY SIMPLE  –  MADE FROM NATURAL MATERIALS DOMESTIC ANIMALS.

LEVERS *MADE FROM TREE BRANCHES & STONES.

WORKED BY HUMAN FORCE  AND LATER BY

RAMPS *MADE FROM SAND

*LATER: BALANCES & CATAPULTS.

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SLEDS *TO MOVE STONE & HEAVY MATERIALS

HOW MACHINES EVOLVED

WITH THE INVENTION OF WHEEL, AXLES AND LEVERS WE STARTED TO USE OTHER FORMS OF ENERGY: THE POWER OF WIND & WATER

CARTS

*PULLED BY HORSES, OXEN & DONKEYS. TRANSPORT *USED

WATERWHEELS

*USED TO WATER CROPS

HIDRAULIC WHEELS

WINDMILLS

*USED ENERGY OF FLOWING WATER

*USED TO GRIND GRAIN & PUMP WATER

*MOVE WITH WATER

*WORKED WITH THE POWER OF WIND.

IN WAR

FISRT CRANES

*MADE OF WOOD *POWERED BY HUMAN & ANIMALS *USED TO CONSTRUCT BIG BUILDINGS (CATHEDRALS & CASTLES

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MACHINES TODAY TODAY WE USE SIMPLES MACHINES AND NEW COMPOUND MACHINES WITH COMPLEX COMPUTERS AND MOTORS SUCH A ROBOTS: CAN FUNCTIONS WITHOUT HUMANS.

USED ENERGY SUCH A FUEL & ELECTRICITY

WASHING MACHINES

IN OUR HOMES

DISHWASHERS

FOOD PROCESSORS

PRINTERS

VACUUM CLEANERS

A) MACHINES THAT HELP US AT WORK

AGRICULTURAL FARMERS USE TRACTORS & HARVERSTERS

LIVESTOK FARMERS USE MACHINES TO MILK COWS

FISHERMEN

INDUSTRY

USE

USE

BOATS WITH RADARS

MACHINES TO FEED ANIMALS

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CRANERS, CONVEYORS BELT OTHERS

SCIENTIFIC & MEDICAL RESEACH USE MICROSCOPES, X-RAY MACHINES, SATELITES

B) MACHINES OF TRANSPORT

TRANSPORT CAN BE

ON LAND

TRAIN-LORRIES-CARS-MOTORBIKES

ON WATER

BOAT AND COMPLEX MACHINES

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BY AIR

AEROPLANES & HELICOPTERS

C) MACHINES FOR RECREATION AND COMMUNICATION

TELEPHONES-RADIOS-TELEVISIONS COMPUTERS

RADIOS-TELEVISIONS-COMPUTERS

CONNECTED INTERNET

TRANSMIT INFORMATION A LOT OF PEOPLE AT THE SAME TIME

LET US COMMUNICATE

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