UNISDR 2007 Words Into Action A Guide for Implementing the Hyogo Framework

@WD^ @mth~mltàmli Wt~lthjp ea~ D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm

Za~dw @mta @mta Lgtàm; L Jx`dh ea~ @ovihohmt`mj tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c Bpaja E~lohza~c ea~ Lgtàm >668/>6<8; Nxìd`mj tbh ~hwì`hmgh ae mltàmw lmd gaooxm`t`hw ta d`wlwth~w

Xm`thd Mltàmw

BE L Za~dw @mta Lgtàm; L Jx` Jx`dh dh ea~ @ov @oviho ihohmt hmt`mj `mj tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c Bpaja E~lohza~c ea~ Lgtàm >668/>6<8; Nxìd`mj tbh ~hwì`hmgh ae mltàmw lmd gaooxm`t`hw ta d`wlwth~w

Lgcmazihdjhohmtw Tbh @WD^ whg~htl~`lt j~lthexiip lgcmazihdjhw tbh hrthmwùh gamt~`nxtàmw ta tb`w Jx`dh np olmp vl~tmh~ `mwt`txtàmw lmd `mdù`dxliw z`tb`m tbh @mth~mltàmli Wt~lthjp ea~ D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm "@WD^) lmd e~ao mxoh~axw gaxmt~`hw l~axmd tbh za~idTbh e`~wt axti`mh ea~ tbh Jx`dh zlw v~hwhmthd lt l w`dh ohht`mj lt tbh hihuhmtb < whwwàm ae tbh @mth~/Ljhmgp Tlwc Tlwc Ea~gh am D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm "@LTE!D^) bhid `m Jhmhul >4/>5 Olp >668- Xw`mj tbhwh `dhlw gamwxitlmt Eaxld Nhmdòh~ld dhuhiavhd tbh Jx`dh‐w `m`t`li gamghvt lmd wt~xgtx~h- Tb`w d~let zlw d`wgxwwhd lt tbh @LTE @LTE!D^/<> !D^/<> Jhmhul >>/>4 Mauhonh~ >668665 ta v~au`dh ex~tbh~ ~hu`hz lmd ~hu`wàm- @m Mauhonh~ >665 l exiip ea~oltthd gamwxitltàm d~let zlw v~`mthd lmd d`wwho`mlthd ea~ z`dh~ `mvxt lmd ~he`mhohmt lmd ta whhc ex~tbh~ ìixwt~ltùh jaad v~lgt`ghw ta `mgixdh `m tbh Jx`dhGblvth~ 8 ae tbh dagxohmt gamgh~m`mj d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww d~lzw am l whvl~lth gamwxitltùh v~aghww xmdh~ tbh lxwv`ghw ae tbh Aee`gh ea~ tbh Gaa~d`mltàm ae Bxolm`tl~`lm Leel`~wLeel`~wTb`w vxni`gltàm zaxid mat bluh nhhm vaww`nih z`tbaxt tbh `mvxtw ae `mdù`dxliw gaxmt~p lmd `mwt`txtàmli ~hv~hwhmtltùhw- Zbìh huh~p heea~t zlw oldh ta mloh lii gamt~`nxta~w tbh @WD^ w hg~htl~`lt ~hj~htw è lmp a~jlm`{ltàm a~ `mdù`dxli gamt~`nxta~ blw nhhm auh~iaachd `m tbh i`wtw nhiazTbh Jx`dh blw nhmhe`thd j~hltip e~ao tbh jx`dlmgh lmd gamg~hth `mvxtw ae tbh ohonh~w ae tbh @LTE!D^ mlohip; XM!`mth~mltàmli; Eaad lmd Lj~`gxitx~h A~jlm`{ltàm @mth~mltàmli Ilnax~ A~jlm`{ltàm @mth~mltàmli Thihgaooxm`gltàm Xmàm Aee`gh ea~ tbh Gaa~d`mltàm ae Bxolm`tl~`lm Leel`~w Xm`thd Mltàmw Ghmt~h ea~ ^hjàmli Dhuhiavohmt Xm`thd Mltàmw Gamuhmtàm ta Gaonlt Dhwh~tè`gltàm Xm`thd Mltàmw Dhuhiavohmt V~aj~looh Xm`thd Mltàmw Hdxgltàmli Wg`hmtè`g lmd Gxitx~li A~jlm`{ltàm Xm`thd Mltàmw Hmu`~amohmt V~aj~looh Xm`thd Mltàmw @mwt`txth ea~ T~l`m`mj lmd ^hwhl~gb Xm`thd Mltàmw Bxolm Whttihohmtw V~aj~looh Xm`thd Mltàmw Xmùh~w`tp Xmùh~w`tp Xm`thd Mltàmw Uaixm Uaixmthh~w thh~w Za~id Nlmc Za~id Eaad V~aj~looh Za~id Bhlitb A~jlm`{ltàm Za~id Ohtha~aiaj`gli A~jlm`{ltàm3 ~hjàmli; ~hjàmli; Le~`glm Le~`glm Xmàm Gaoo`wwàm Lw`lm D`wlwth~ V~hvl~hdmhww Ghmth~ Lw`lm D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm Ghmth~ Gaooamzhlitb ae @mdhvhmdhmt Wtlthw @mth~wtlth Gaxmgì Gaxmgì ae Hx~avh Hx~avhlm Gaoo`wwàm/Ka`mt ^hwhl~gb Ghmt~h @nh~a/Loh~`glm Lwwag`ltàm ae Gùì Dhehmgh lmd Gùì V~athgtàm Mhz Vl~tmh~wb`v ea~ Le~`gl‐w Dhuhiavohmt Whg~htl~`lt A~jlm`{ltàm ae Loh~`glm Wtlthw/@mth~/Loh~`glm Gaoo`tthh am Mltx~li D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm Waxtb Vlgè`g Lvvi`hd Jhawg`hmgh Gaoo`wwàm3 gùì wag`htp; LgtàmL`d wag`htp; LgtàmL`d @mth~mltàmli Ghmt~h ea~ ^hwhl~gb am tbh Hv`dhoàiajp ae D`wlwth~w Hl~tb|xlchw lmd Ohjlg`t`hw @m`t`ltùh Jianli E`~h Oam`ta~`mj Ghmth~ @mth~/ Jauh~mohmtli Lxtba~`tp am Dhuhiavohmt‐w Giòlth V~hd`gtàm lmd Lvvi`gltàmw Ghmt~h @mth~mltàmli Gaxmgì ae Wg`hmtè`g Xmàmw @mth~mltàmli Ehdh~ltàm ae ^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt Wag`ht`hw lmd Oxm`gb ^h/`mwx~lmgh@mulixlnih gamt~`nxtàmw zh~h liwa ~hghùhd e~ao tbh eaiiaz`mj a~jlm`{ltàmw; Lii @md`l D`wlwth~ O`t`jltàm @mwt`txth Lwwag`ltàm ae Gl~`nnhlm Wtlthw Bxl`~ax Gaoo`wwàm @md`lm Mltàmli @mwt`txth ae D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt @mth~mltàmli ^hgauh~p Viltea~o Vilm @mth~mltàmli Viltea~o ea~ tbh t bh V~aoatàm ae Hl~ip Zl~m`mj!@mth~mltàmli Zl~m`mj!@mth~mltàmli Hl~ip Zl~m`mj V~aj~looh V~aUhmtàm Gamwa~t`xo V~aphgta Lvapa l il V~huhmg`÷m dh Dhwlwt~hw hm il Gaoxm`dld Lmd`ml/V^HDHGLM Lmd`ml/V^HDHGLM Xm`thd C`mjdao Dhvl~tohmt ea~ @mth~mltàmli Dhuhiavohmt Xm`thd Mltàmw @mwt`txth ea~ T~l`m`mj lmd ^hwhl~gb Avh~ltàmli Wlthii`th Lvvi`gltàmw V~aj~looh lmd Xm`thd Mltàmw Gbìd~hm*w ExmdVl~t`gxil~ tblmcw l~h dxh ta tbh eaiiaz`mj `mdù`dxliw ea~ tbh`~ uh~p ulixlnih `mvxtw ae hrvh~t`wh lmd hrvh~`hmgh; Gbh~pi Lmdh~wam Loli Nhmdòh~ld O`b`~ Nbltt Lml Glovaw Jl~gïl Ix`w Gl~và Dbl~ Gblc~lnl~t` Aiù`l Gajbilm Tlmpl Tlmpl O`|xìhml dh Ga~~lihw Olrr Dìihp Hil`mh Hml~wam Olx~hhm Ea~dblo Kablmm Jaidlooh~ Wx~lmklml Jxvtl @ilm Chiolm Wb`~ihp Oltt`mjip ^`gl~da Ohml Olwlb`ca Ox~ltl Olwllc` Mlcljlzl Kxml`d Mlw`~ Ma~lb Mìlmd âm Agczhii Matlth Vhihw`cat` Huh~htt ^hwwih~ Iap ^hja Whphd Oabloold Wldlt`mhkld Gl~ohm Wgbiawwh~ Lmì C- W`mbl Htwxca Twxma{lc` Twxma{lc` Aiùh~ ulm Dlooh [hml`dl Dhi`gl Zìi`wam Nhm Z`wmh~ lmd ^`gl~da [lvltlTbh hd`ta~`li lmd v~adxgtàm thlo e~ao tbh @WD^ whg~htl~`lt `mgixdhd Ol~à Nl~~lmthw Vhd~a Nlwlnh ^h`d Nlwbh~ Th~~p Th~~p Khjjih Wìu`l Iiawl lmd Gl~ai`m Wgblh~ve l`dhd np hd`ta~`li gamwxitlmt Namm`h Jliu`m- Atbh~ @WD^ whg~htl~`lt wtlee zba gamt~`nxthd `mgixdh; Vlail Lin~`ta Wliulma N~`ghüa Ehmj O`m Clm Kabm Bl~d`mj Lmd~h` @ltwhm`l Bhihml Oai`m/U Oai`m/Ulidhw lidhw lmd V~luhhm Vl~dhwb` lmd tbh wtlee ae tbh @WD^ ~hjàmli axt~hlgb xm`tw `m Le~`gl Lw`l lmd Ilt`m Loh~`gl lmd tbh Gl~`nnhlm Tbh v~adxgtàm ae tb`w Jx`dh zlw oldh vaww`nih tb~axjb gamt~`nxtàmw ta tbh @WD^ T~xwt Exmd ea~ D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm np tbh eaiiaz`mj Jauh~mohmtw; Lxwt~li`l Glmldl Dhmol~c E`milmd Jh~olmp @tlip @tlip Klvlm Ixrhonax~j Ma~zlp Vbì`vv`mhw Waxtb Le~`gl Wzhdhm Wz`t{h~ilmd Xm`thd C`mjdao ae J~hlt N~`tl`m lmd Ma~tbh~m @~hilmd lmd np tbh Hx~avhlm Gaoo`wwàm lmd tbh Za~id Nlmc‐w Jianli Elgì`tp ea~ D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm lmd ^hgauh~p-

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Ea~ ex~tbh~ ex~tbh~ `mea~ol `mea~oltàm tàm u`w`t; u`w`t; zzz-x zzz-xm`wd~ m`wd~-a~j! -a~j!`lte `lte

Za~dw @mta Lgtàm; L Jx`dh ea~ @ovihohmt`mj @ovihohmt`mj tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c

Ea~hza~d Tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c ea~ Lgtàm "BEL) zlw ea~oxilthd lw l gaov~hbhmwùh lgtàm/a~`hmthd ~hwvamwh ta `mth~mltàmli gamgh~m lnaxt tbh j~az`mj òvlgtw ae d`wlwth~w am `mdù`dxliw gaooxm`t`hw lmd mltàmli dhuhiavohmt- Nlwhd am gl~hexi wtxdp ae t~hmdw `m d`wlwth~ ~`wcw lmd v~lgt`gli hrvh~`hmgh `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd wxnkhgthd ta `mthmwùh mhjat`ltàmw dx~`mj >664 lmd hl~ip >668 tbh BEL zlw e`mliip n~axjbt ta e~x`tàm lmd ldavthd np <52 Jauh~mohmtw lt tbh Za~id Gameh~hmgh am D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm bhid `m Canh Bpaja V~hehgtx~h Klvlm <2/>> Klmxl~p >668 >- Tbh axtgaoh `t whhcw `w ’Tbh wxnwtlmt`li ~hdxgtàm ae d`wlwth~ iawwhw `m iùhw lmd `m tbh wag`li hgamao`g lmd hmu`~amohmtli lwwhtw ae gaooxm`t`hw lmd gaxmt~`hw-‟ Tb`w `w ex~tbh~ hilna~lthd `mta tb~hh Wt~lthj`g Jaliw lmd eùh V~à~`t`hw ea~ LgtàmLm òva~tlmt ehltx~h ae tbh BEL `w `tw ihjliip mam/n`md`mj gbl~lgth~ zb`gb liiazw `t ta wht axt l zhii/j~axmdhd wht ae thgbm`gli lmd a~jlm`{ltàmli ~h|x`~hohmtw ea~ ~hdxg`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wcw zbìh ihlu`mj tbh dhtlìw ae `tw òvihohmtltàm ta tbh dhg`wàm ae jauh~mohmtw lmd ~hihulmt a~jlm`{ltàmw lgga~d`mj ta tbh`~ mhhdw lmd glvlg`t`hw- Tbh ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw ea~ òvihohmtltàm lmd eaiiaz/xv l~h dhe`mhd ea~ tbh dèeh~hmt lgta~w ‗ vl~t`gxil~ip vl~t`gxil~ip Wtlthw ~hjàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw `mth~mltàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw lmd tbh @mth~mltàmli Wt~lthjp ea~ D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm "@WD^)- V~òl~p ~hwvamw`nì`tp i`hw z`tb Wtlthw nxt lm hmlni`mj `mth~mltàmli hmu`~amohmt ae wxvva~t `w liwa u`tliLoamj atbh~ tb`mjw tbh BEL gliiw am tbh @WD^ ta ’elgì`tlth gamwxitltùh v~aghwwhw ta dhuhiav jx`dhi`mhw lmd vai`gp taaiw ea~ hlgb v~à~`tp l~hl z`tb ~hihulmt mltàmli ~hjàmli lmd `mth~mltàmli hrvh~t`wh-‟ Tbh v~hwhmt dagxohmt ’Za~dw `mta Lgtàm; L Jx`dh ea~ @ovihohmt`mj tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c‟ `w tbh e`~wt v~adxgt jhmh~lthd ta ohht tb`w glii- @t blw nhhm v~hvl~hd tb~axjb l iamj v~aghww ae d~let`mj lmd gamwxitltàm tblt blw `muaiuhd tbh vl~t`g`vltàm ae mxoh~axw a~jlm`{ltàmw lmd `mdù`dxliw `m da{hmw ae gaxmt~`hw- D~lz`mj am tbh`~ hrvh~t`wh lmd hrvh~`hmgh tbh Jx`dh dhwg~`nhw >> tlwcw tblt l~h a~jlm`{hd ta bhiv ldd~hww lmd jx`dh tbh òvihohmtltàm ae tbh BEL‐w eùh V~à~`t`hw V~à ~`t`hw ea~ Lgtàm- Dhvhmd`mj am tbh mltàmli w`txltàm tbh tlwcw olp v~au`dh jaad wtl~t`mj va`mtw ea~ a~jlm`{`mj lgtàm a~ xwhexi ~heh~hmghw ljl`mwt zb`gb ta gbhgc hr`wt`mj vai`g`hw lmd v~aghdx~hwDèeh~hmt xwh~w glm d~lz am tbh vl~tw tblt l~h xwhexi ta tbho ldlvt`mj tbh tlwcw lgga~d`mj ta tbh`~ vl~t`gxil~ mhhdwLm òva~tlmt ~aih ae tbh @WD^ wpwtho `w ta dhuhiav taaiw ta bhiv Jauh~mohmt lxtba~`t`hw lmd atbh~ a~jlm`{ltàmw ta òvihohmt tbh BEL- Z`tb tb`w e`~wt auh~lii jx`dlmgh dagxohmt gaovihthd zh zìi maz elgì`tlth heea~tw ta dhuhiav jx`dhw ea~ wvhgè`g whgta~w lmd w`txltàmw- Ta Ta lww`wt `m tb`w heea~t lmd ta òv~auh extx~h uh~wàmw ae tbh v~hwhmt Jx`dh zh zaxid zhigaoh ehhdnlgc e~ao `tw ~hldh~w lmd xwh~w-

Wìiulma N~`ghüa D`~hgta~ @WD^ whg~htl~`lt 76 Lv~ì >66:

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Ea~ ex~tbh~ ex~tbh~ `mea~olt `mea~oltàm àm u`w`t; u`w`t; zzz-xm`w zzz-xm`wd~d~-a~j! a~j!zgd~ zgd~


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Tlnih ae Gamthmtw Lgcmazihdjhohmtw - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -`` Ea~hza~d - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -```

@mt~adxgtàm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -< Tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c ea~ Lgtàm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -< âihw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw ea~ tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c ea~ Lgtàm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -< Gamghvt lmd a~jlm`{ltàm ae tbh Jx`dh - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -7 L wht ae jx`d`mj v~`mg`vihw ea~ òvihohmt`mj òvi hohmt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -4 Nlw`g wthvw `m olmlj`mj l tlwc - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8

Gblvth~ <- Olc`mj d`wlwth~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm l v~à~`tp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -: <-< Hmjljh `m oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ d`liajxh ta hwtlni`wb tbh eaxmdltàmw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm - - - - - - - - - - - -0 <-> G~hlth a~ wt~hmjtbhm ohgblm`wow ea~ wpwtholt`g gaa~d`mltàm ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<4 <-7 Lwwhww lmd dhuhiav tbh `mwt`txtàmli nlw`w ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ->< <-4 V~à~`t`{h d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd liiaglth lvv~av~`lth ~hwax~ghw - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ->2

Gblvth~ >- @ov~au`mj ~`wc `mea~oltàm `mea~oltàm lmd hl~ip zl~m`mj - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -77 >-< Hwtlni`wb lm `m`t`ltùh ea~ gaxmt~pz`dh ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -78 >-> ^hu`hz tbh lulìlnì`tp ae ~`wc/~hilthd `mea~oltàm lmd tbh glvlg`t`hw ea~ dltl gaiihgtàm lmd xwh - - - - - - - -4< >-7 Lwwhww glvlg`t`hw lmd wt~hmjtbhm hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -45 >-4 Dhuhiav gaooxm`gltàm lmd d`wwho`mltàm ohgblm`wow ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc `mea~oltàm lmd hl~ip zl~m`mj - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8>

Gblvth~ 7- Nxìd`mj l gxitx~h ae wlehtp lmd ~hwì`hmgh ~hwì`hmgh - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -8: 7-< Dhuhiav l v~aj~looh ta ~l`wh lzl~hmhww ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -80 7-> @mgixdh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m tbh hdxgltàm wpwtho lmd tbh ~hwhl~gb gaooxm`tp - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -54 7-7 Dhuhiav d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm t~l`m`mj ea~ chp whgta~w whg ta~w - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -:6 7-4 Hmblmgh tbh gaovìltàm d`wwho`mltàm lmd xwh ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mea~oltàm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -:8

Gblvth~ 4- ^hdxg`mj tbh ~`wcw `m chp whgta~w - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2< -2< 4-< Hmu`~amohmt; @mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m hmu`~amohmtli lmd mltx~li ~hwax~ghw olmljhohmt - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -27 4-> Wag`li mhhdw; Hwtlni`wb ohgblm`wow ea~ `mg~hlw`mj ~hwì`hmgh ae tbh vaa~ lmd oawt uximh~lnih - - - - - - - - -06 4-7 Vbpw`gli vilmm`mj; Hwtlni`wb ohlwx~hw ta `mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m x~nlm lmd ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -04 Za~dw @mta Lgtàm; L Jx`dh ea~ @ovihohmt`mj @ovihohmt`mj tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c

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4-4 Wt~xgtx~hw; Wt~xgtx~hw; Wt~hmjt Wt~hmjtbhm bhm ohgblm`wow ohgblm`wow ea~ ea~ òv~auhd òv~auhd nxìd`mj nxìd`mj wlehtp wlehtp lmd v~athgtà v~athgtàmm ae g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<6< 4-8 Wtòxi Wtòxilth lth d`wlwth~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw lgtù`t`hw `m v~adxgtàm v~adxgtàm lmd wh~u`gh wh~u`gh whgta~w - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<68 4-5 E`mlmg`li!hga E`mlmg`li!hgamao`g mao`g `mwt~xohmt `mwt~xohmtw; w; G~hlth avva~txm` avva~txm`t`hw t`hw ea~ v~ùlth/whg v~ùlth/whgta~ ta~ `muaiuhohmt `muaiuhohmt `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<<6 4-: D`wlwt D`wlwth~ h~ ~hgauh~p; ~hgauh~p; Dhuhiav Dhuhiav l ~hgauh~p vilmm`mj vilmm`mj v~aghww tblt tblt `mga~va~lthw `mga~va~lthw d`wlwth~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ~hdxgtàm - - - - - -<<5 -<<5

Gblvth~ 8- Wt~hmjtbhm`mj v~hvl~hdmhww v~hvl~hdmhww ea~ ~hwvamwh - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<>< 8-< Dhuhiav l gaooam xmdh~wtlmd`mj lmd lgtù`t`hw `m wxvva~t ae d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<>7 8-> Lwwhww d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww glvlg`t`hw lmd ohgblm`wow - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<>: 8-7 Wt~hmjtbhm vilmm`mj lmd v~aj~loo`mj ea~ d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<74

Lmmhrhw - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<4< Lmmhr @;

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Nxìd` Nx` id`mj mj l gxitx gxitx~h ~h ae wle wlehtp htp lmd ~hw ~hwì`h ì`hmgh mgh--

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^hdx ^h dxg` g`mj mj tb tbhh ~`w ~`wcw cw `m ch chpp whg whgta ta~w ~w--

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Wt~hmj Wt~ hmjtbh tbhm`m m`mjj v~h v~hvl~ vl~hdm hdmhww hww ea~ ~hw ~hwvam vamwhwh-

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Tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c ea~ Lgtàm >668/>6<8; Nxìd`mj tbh ^hwì`hmgh ae Mltàmw lmd Gaooxm`t`hw ta D`wlwth~w glm nh nh dazmialdhd e~ao tbh @WD^ zhnw`th lt; zzz-xm`wd~ zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!bel -a~j!bel Tbh th~o @WD^ wpwtho ohlmw tbh ul~àxw `mth~mltàmli `mth~mltàmli ~hjàmli lmd mltàmli nad`hw viltea~ow v~aj~loohw lmd ohgblm`wow hrv~hwwip hwtlni`wbhd ta wxvva~t tbh òvihohmtltàm ae tbh @WD^ lmd tbh BEL- Whh zzz-xm`wd~-a~j ea~ oa~h `mea~oltàm-


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âihw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw ea~ wtlthw ^hgajm`w`mj tbh`~ v~òl~p ~hwvamw`nì`tp ea~ hmwx~`mj tbh wlehtp ae tbh`~ g`t`{hmw wtlthw gaoo`tthd ta; •

Dhuhiav mltàmli gaa~d`mltàm ohgblm`wow-

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Gamdxgt nlwhi`mh lwwhwwohmtw am tbh wtltxw ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm-

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Vxni`wb lmd xvdlth wxool~`hw ae mltàmli v~aj~loohw-

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^hu`hz mltàmli v~aj~hww tazl~dw lgb`hu`mj tbh ankhgtùhw lmd v~à~`t`hw ae tbh BEL-

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@ovihohmt ~hihulmt `mth~mltàmli ihjli `mwt~xohmtw-

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@mthj~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm z`tb giòlth gblmjh wt~lthj`hw-

Tbh BEL BEL dahw mat wvhgèp zb`gb vl~t`gxil~ o`m`wt~`hw wbaxid tlch ~hwvamw`nì`tp ea~ auh~whh`mj `tw òvihohmtltàm lw tb`w gba`gh `w l mltàmli v~h~ajltùh- Oa~hauh~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm wvlmw lii whgta~w lmd ~h|x`~hw ltthmtàm np oawt o`m`wt~`hw- Bazhuh~ `t `w za~tb mat`mj tblt oawt gaxmt~`hw bluh l o`m`wt~p a~ aee`g`li a~jlm`{ltàm ~hwvamw`nih ea~ d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt hoh~jhmgp olmljhohmt a~ gùì v~athgtàm lmd tblt tbhwh a~jlm`{ltàmw xwxliip bluh l jaad lzl~hmhww lmd xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae mltx~li bl{l~dw lmd ~`wcw lmd tbh oatùltàm ta ~hdxgh d`wlwth~ ~`wcw- @m tbhwh glwhw `t `w ~hlwamlnih ea~ tbh mltàmli d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt a~jlm`{ltàm ta nh lgga~dhd auh~lii ~hwvamw`nì`tp ta elgì`tlth lmd v~aoath tbh òvihohmtltàm ae tbh BEL `mgixd`mj ta n~`mj tbh `wwxh ta tbh ltthmtàm ae tbh b`jbhwt ihuhiw ae jauh~mohmt ta wtòxilth tbh dhuhiavohmt ae mltàmli ohgblm`wow ea~ òvihohmtltàm ta mx~tx~h l mltàmli viltea~o ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd hmgax~lj`mj atbh~ wtlth lmd gùì wag`htp a~jlm`{ltàmw `m lii whgta~w ta ldavt lmd òvihohmt ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ohlwx~hw `m tbh`~ l~hlw ae ~hwvamw`nì`tp@m atbh~ glwhw tbhwh ~aihw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw olp i`h z`tb lmatbh~ o`m`wt~p wxgb lw tbh `mth~à~ o`m`wt~p a~ hmu`~amohmt o`m`wt~p-

âihw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw ea~ ~hjàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw @m ldd`tàm ta tbh`~ heea~tw lt baoh wtlthw liwa lj~hhd ta `mthmwèp `mth~mltàmli d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm gaavh~ltàm tb~axjb ~hjàmli lmd `mth~mltàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw- Tbh tlwcw `dhmtè`hd ea~ tbh ~hjàmli ihuhi `mgixdhd; •

V~aoat`mj ~hjàmli v~aj~loohw ta wxvva~t d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm wxgb lw `m thgbm`gli gaavh~ltàm-

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Gamdxgt`mj ~hjàmli nlwhi`mh lwwhwwohmtw lmd ~hu`hz`mj v~aj~hww-

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Wxvva~t`mj tbh dhuhiavohmt ae ~hjàmli gaiilna~ltùh ghmt~hw lmd ~hjàmli hl~ip zl~m`mj glvlg`t`hw-

âihw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw ea~ `mth~mltàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw lmd @WD^ @mth~mltàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw / lmd tbh @WD^ `m vl~t`gxil~ / l~h gliihd xvam ta hmgax~ljh lmd wxvva~t tbhwh mltàmli lmd ~hjàmli heea~tw tb~axjb l ~lmjh ae lgtù`t`hw `mgixd`mj np; •

@mthj~lt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta tbh`~ v~aj~loohw ta lww`wt d`wlwth~/v~amh gaxmt~`hw-

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Wxvva~t`mj jianliip gamw`wthmt dltl gaiihgtàm lmd ea~hglwt`mj lmd v~aoat`mj `mea~oltàm hrgblmjh-

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Dhuhiav`mj `mea~oltàm ~hwax~ghw `mgixd`mj nhwt v~lgt`ghw lmd jx`dlmgh olth~`li-

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Hmwx~`mj gaa~d`mltàm ae heea~tw np tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw lmd atbh~ a~jlm`{ltàmw-

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V~au`d`mj ldu`gh lmd lww`wtlmgh ta jauh~mohmtw ta wxvva~t tbh`~ heea~tw `m òvihohmt`mj tbh BEL-

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A~jlm`{`mj vh~àd`g ~hu`hzw ae v~aj~hww tazl~d tbh òvihohmtltàm ae tbh BEL-

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Gamghvt lmd a~jlm`{ltàm ae tbh Jx`dh Vx~vawh lmd dhw`jm ae tbh Jx`dh Tbh Jx`dh blw nhhm g~hlthd ta v~au`dh ldu`gh am xwhexi wt~lthj`hw ea~ òvihohmt`mj tbh BEL- @t ~hv~hwhmtw l d`wtìiltàm ae tbh zhlitb ae hrvh~`hmgh tblt hr`wtw tb~axjbaxt tbh za~id am baz ta olmljh lmd ~hdxgh d`wlwth~ ~`wcw- Tbh Jx`dh glm bhiv wtlthw ta lwwhww zbh~h tbhp wtlmd `m tbh òvihohmtltàm v~aghww lmd np nxìd`mj am hr`wt`mj hrvh~`hmgh lmd wt~xgtx~h ta `dhmtèp vaww`nih jlvw lmd xwhexi mhrt wthvw ta tlch- @t dahw mat ltthovt ta gauh~ lii ~`wcw ma~ lii hihohmtw ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- Waoh whgtàmw axti`mh nlw`g va`mtw lmd v~aghwwhw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm zbìh atbh~w dhwg~`nh oa~h gaovihr tlwcwNhglxwh wtlthw bluh tbh v~òl~p ~hwvamw`nì`tp ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm tbh Jx`dh*w tl~jht lxd`hmgh `w mltàmli jauh~mohmtw lmd tbh`~ wxnw`d`l~p iagli jauh~mohmtw `mgixd`mj dhg`wàm olch~w ihldh~w lmd v~lgt`tàmh~w lmd atbh~ gùì wh~ulmtw- @m ldd`tàm `t `w hrvhgthd tblt tbh Jx`dh zìi nh ae `mth~hwt ta l dùh~wh lxd`hmgh lmd olp nh xwhd lt dèeh~hmt ihuhiw ea~ l ul~`htp ae vx~vawhw wxgb lw np ihldh~w lmd ~hv~hwhmtltùhw ae wvhgè`g whgta~w gùì wag`htp a~jlm`{ltàmw gaooxm`tp a~jlm`{ltàmw tbh v~ùlth whgta~ lgldho`l `mth~mltàmli lmd ~hjàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw lmd atbh~w za~c`mj ta ~hdxgh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàmTbh @WD^ whg~htl~`lt blw gaovìhd tb`w Jx`dh `m ~hwvamwh ta vl~lj~lvb 77 "n) ae tbh BEL zb`gb ~h|xhwtw tblt tbh @WD^ wpwtho .wxvva~t tbh òvihohmtltàm ae tb`w E~lohza~c `dhmtèp jlvw `m òvihohmtltàm lmd elgì`tlth gamwxitltàm v~aghwwhw ta dhuhiav jx`dhi`mhw lmd vai`gp taaiw ea~ hlgb v~à~`tp l~hl-. Tbh Jx`dh blw nhhm dhuhiavhd tb~axjb hrthmwùh gamwxitltàm z`tb chp lgta~w `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mgixd`mj vl~tmh~ ljhmg`hw lmd hrvh~tw mltàmli viltea~ow lmd ~hjàmli ljhmg`hw-

Wt~xgtx~h lmd xwh ae tbh Jx`dh Tbh Jx`dh gaov~`whw tb`w `mt~adxgtàm eùh gblvth~w ae wvhgè`g ~hgaoohmdhd tlwcw lmd l wht ae wxvva~t`mj lmmhrhw- Tbh `mt~adxgtàm axti`mhw tbh a~`j`mw lmd lòw ae tbh Jx`dh liamj z`tb ldd`tàmli a~`hmt`mj `mea~oltàmTbh ol`m gblvth~w ae tbh Jx`dh amh ea~ hlgb ae tbh BEL*w eùh V~à~`t`hw ea~ Lgtàm gamtl`m l wht ae >> wxjjhwthd tlwcw hlgb tlwc ldd~hww`mj l v~òl~p l~hl ae heea~t ea~ òvihohmt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- V~lgt`gli wthv/np/wthv ldu`gh am baz ta lggaovi`wb tbh tlwc `w v~au`dhd- @iixwt~ltùh hrlovihw e~ao l~axmd tbh za~id l~h i`wthd liamj z`tb i`mcw ta wxvvihohmtli wax~ghw ae `mea~oltàm lmd dhe`m`tàmw ae chp th~owNhglxwh dèeh~hmt gaxmt~`hw ~heihgt dèeh~hmt wtljhw ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd òvihohmtltàm ae tbh BEL tbh Jx`dh*w tlwcw l~h v~hwhmthd `m l who`/`mdhvhmdhmt ea~o wa tblt xwh~w glm gbaawh lmd vx~wxh tbh vl~t`gxil~ tlwcw tblt l~h oawt lvv~av~`lth ea~ tbh`~ azm g`~gxowtlmghw lmd v~à~`t`hw- Zbìh hlgb tlwc `w il~jhip whie/gamtl`mhd tbh~h l~h i`mcljhw z`tb atbh~ tlwcw lmd mathw l~h v~au`dhd am tbhwh i`mcljhw lmd am baz za~c damh ea~ amh tlwc olp l`d gaovihtàm ae lmatbh~- Litbaxjb oawt ae tbh tlwcw da mat mhhd ta nh gamdxgthd `m l wh|xhmt`li a~dh~ `t `w òva~tlmt ta e`~wt a~jlm`{h tbh òvihohmtltàm ae tbh tlwcw ae V~à~`tp < w`mgh tb`w v~au`dhw tbh eaxmdltàmw ea~ atbh~ tlwcw np whgx~`mj vai`t`gli lmd `mwt`txtàmli nlgc`mj e~ao jauh~mohmt lmd ihldh~w Lw oxgb za~c mhhdw ta nh damh ta exiip òvihohmt tbh BEL tbh~h zìi nh olmp vltbw tblt ihld tazl~d tb`w jaliTbh v~avawhd >> tlwcw `m tb`w Jx`dh da mat gauh~ huh~p ~h|x`~hohmt nxt `mwthld bluh nhhm whihgthd lw v~òl~p l~hlw zbh~h lgb`huhohmtw `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm glm nh vl~t`gxil~ip nhmhe`g`li- @m lii glwhw xwh~w l~h hmgax~ljhd ta tlch e~ao tbh Jx`dh zblt `w xwhexi `m tbh`~ mltàmli gamthrtw lmd ta lvvip tbh jhmh~li gamghvtw lmd ohlwx~hw v~hwhmthd lw olp e`t tbh`~ hr`wt`mj vai`g`hw lmd wpwthowWhuh~li lmmhrhw lt tbh hmd ae tbh Jx`dh v~au`dh ldd`tàmli wxvva~t`mj `mea~oltàm- Tb`w `mgixdhw l gamwai`dlthd wht ae `md`glta~w ta ohlwx~h v~aj~hww am tbh eùh V~à~`t`hw ea~ Lgtàm xwhexi ~heh~hmghw l wxool~p gbl~t ae tbh BEL l d`lj~lo axti`m`mj l gamghvtxli e~lohza~c ea~ xmdh~wtlmd`mj tbh za~c ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd l gaov~hbhmwùh i`wt ae th~o`maiajp-


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@md`glta~w ea~ oam`ta~`mj v~aj~hww Tbh BEL wt~hwwhw tbh mhhd ta dhuhiav `md`glta~w tblt glm nh xwhd ta oam`ta~ v~aj~hww am ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- Lm `md`glta~ `w l wvhgè`g hrv~hwwàm ta ohlwx~h v~aj~hww wxgb lw .L ihjli e~lohza~c ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm hr`wtw. a~ .^`wc ~hdxgtàm `w `mgixdhd `m tbh kxmà~ wgbaai gx~~`gxixo.- Tbhp l~h `mthmdhd ta nh wòvih wba~tblmd ohlmw ta thwt a~ hulixlth tbh wtltxw ae lm òva~tlmt hihohmt ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc a~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtàm- Tbhp glm bhiv ta jx`dh tbh dhw`jm ae vai`g`hw lmd v~akhgtw lmd ta hulixlth tbh heehgtùhmhww ae wvhgè`g d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw- Ohlwx~lnih òvlgt `md`glta~w wxgb lw .Mxonh~ ae dhltbw l~`w`mj e~ao mltx~li bl{l~d huhmtw. l~h òva~tlmt ea~ oam`ta~`mj auh~lii v~aj~hww am òvihohmt`mj tbh BELHlgb gblvth~ ae tbh Jx`dh `mgixdhw l wht ae wxjjhwthd `md`glta~w ~hihulmt ta tbh v~à~`tp ea~ lgtàm ldd~hwwhd np tbh gblvth~- Tbh `md`glta~w l~h liwa gamwai`dlthd tajhtbh~ `m Lmmhr @@@- Tbhp l~h d~lzm e~ao l whvl~lth dagxohmt tblt `w nh`mj dhuhiavhd np tbh @WD^ whg~htl~`lt `m ~hwvamwh ta tbh ~h|xhwt `m tbh BEL BEL ta elgì`tlth tbh dhuhiavohmt ae jx`dlmgh am jhmh~`g `md`glta~w ae v~aj~hww / tb`w dagxohmt `w t`tihd @md`glta~w ea~ Lwwhww`mj V~aj~hww am D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm-

L wht ae jx`d`mj v~`mg`vihw v~`mg`vihw ea~ òvihohmt`mj òvihohmt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ~hdxgtàm Vlwt hrvh~`hmgh `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm blw ihd ta tbh dhuhiavohmt ae waoh nlw`g v~`mg`vihw tblt xmdh~v`m a~ elgì`tlth tbh lgb`huhohmt ae heehgtùh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- Tbh eaiiaz`mj v~`mg`vihw l~h aeeh~hd lw jx`dlmgh ea~ tbh xwh~w ae tbh Jx`dh- Olmp ae tbho l~h hrvi`g`tip ~hgajm`{hd lmd hovblw`{hd `m tbh BEL•

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ta vl~t`gxil~ jhaj~lvb`g l~hlw- Wòìl~ip tbh ldo`m`wt~ltùh ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw ta olmljh chp ~`wc elgta~w wxgb lw ilmd/xwh {am`mj a~ nxìd`mj lvv~auliw l~h aethm dhuaiuhd ta wxgb wglihw- @m a~dh~ ta ~hgajm`{h lmd ~hwvamd ta tbhwh iagliip wvhgè`g gbl~lgth~`wt`gw `t `w mhghwwl~p ta dhghmt~li`{h ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw lmd ~hwax~ghw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ta ~hihulmt wxnmltàmli a~ iagli lxtba~`t`hw lw lvv~av~`lth- Dhghmt~li`{ltàm glm liwa oatùlth `mg~hlwhd iagli vl~t`g`vltàm liamj z`tb òv~auhd hee`g`hmgp lmd h|x`tlnih nhmhe`tw e~ao iagli wh~u`ghw•

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Heehgtùh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ~h|x`~hw gaooxm`tp vl~t`g`vltàm- Tbh `muaiuhohmt ae gaooxm`t`hw `m tbh dhw`jm lmd òvihohmtltàm ae lgtù`t`hw bhivw ta hmwx~h tblt tbhp l~h zhii tlìa~hd ta tbh lgtxli uximh~lnì`t`hw lmd ta tbh mhhdw ae tbh leehgthd vhavih- Tb`w `mea~ohd hmjljhohmt bhivw ta lua`d v~anihow lmd whgamdl~p heehgtw zbhm bl{l~d huhmtw aggx~- Vl~t`g`vlta~p lvv~algbhw glm oa~h heehgtùhip glv`tli`{h am hr`wt`mj `md`jhmaxw gav`mj ohgblm`wow lmd l~h heehgtùh lt wt~hmjtbhm`mj gaooxm`tp cmazihdjh lmd glvlg`t`hw- Tbhp l~h xwxliip oa~h whmw`tùh ta jhmdh~ gxitx~li lmd atbh~ gamthrt/wvhgè`g `wwxhw tblt glm xmdh~o`mh a~ hovazh~ vl~t`gxil~ j~axvw lmd `mdù`dxliw ta tlch iagliip nlwhd lgtàm- Tbh `mga~va~ltàm ae iagli vh~wvhgtùhw `mta dhg`wàmw lmd lgtù`t`hw liwa bhivw ta hmwx~h tblt gblmjhw `m uximh~lnì`tp lmd vh~ghvtàmw ae ~`wc l~h ~hgajm`{hd lmd elgta~hd `mta `mwt`/ txtàmli v~aghwwhw ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw lmd atbh~ v~aj~loohw lmd vai`g`hwJhmdh~ `w l ga~h elgta~ `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc lmd `m tbh òvihohmtltàm ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- Jhmdh~ `w l ghmt~li a~jlm`{`mj v~`mg`vih `m lii wag`ht`hw lmd tbh~hea~h zaohm lmd ohm l~h dèeh~hmtip lt ~`wc e~ao d`wlwth~w- @m lii whtt`mjw / lt baoh lt za~c a~ `m tbh mh`jbnax~baad / jhmdh~ wblvhw tbh glvlg`t`hw lmd ~hwax~ghw ae `mdù`dxliw ta o`mò`{h bl~o ldlvt ta bl{l~dw lmd ~hwvamd ta d`wlwth~w- @t `w hu`dhmt e~ao vlwt d`wlwth~w tblt iaz/`mgaoh zaohm lmd tbawh zba l~h ol~j`mli`{hd dxh ta ol~`tli wtltxw vbpw`gli lnì`tp ljh wag`li wt`jol a~ glwth l~h hwvhg`liip d`wldulmtljhd- Lt tbh j~lww ~aatw ihuhi am tbh atbh~ blmd zaohm l~h aethm zhii vaw`tàmhd ta olm/ ljh ~`wc dxh ta tbh`~ ~aihw lw natb xwh~w lmd olmljh~w ae hmu`~amohmtli ~hwax~ghw lw hgamao`g v~au`dh~w lmd lw gl~hjùh~w lmd gaooxm`tp za~ch~w- Ea~ tbhwh ~hlwamw `t `w mhghwwl~p ta `dhmtèp lmd xwh jhmdh~/dèeh~hmt`lt/ hd `mea~oltàm ta hmwx~h tblt ~`wc ~hdxgtàm wt~lthj`hw l~h ga~~hgtip tl~jhthd lt tbh oawt uximh~lnih j~axvw lmd l~h heehgtùhip òvihohmthd tb~axjb tbh ~aihw ae natb zaohm lmd ohmVxni`g/v~ùlth vl~tmh~wb`vw l~h lm òva~tlmt taai ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- Vxni`g/v~ùlth vl~tmh~wb`vw l~h uai/ xmtl~p ka`mt lwwag`ltàmw ea~ohd ta ldd~hww wbl~hd ankhgtùhw tb~axjb gaiilna~ltùh lgtàmw- Tbhp olp `muaiuh vxni`g a~jlm`{ltàmw wxgb lw jauh~mohmt ljhmg`hw v~aehwwàmli lmd!a~ lgldho`g `mwt`txtàmw lmd MJAw tajhtb/ h~ z`tb nxw`mhww a~jlm`{ltàmw wxgb lw gaovlm`hw `mdxwt~p lwwag`ltàmw lmd v~ùlth eaxmdltàmw- Nhglxwh tbh tb~hltw e~ao mltx~li bl{l~dw leehgt natb vxni`g lmd v~ùlth `mth~hwtw li`ch v~ùlth/vxni`g vl~tmh~wb`vw glm aeeh~ avva~txm`t`hw ta gaon`mh ~hwax~ghw lmd hrvh~t`wh ta lgt ka`mtip ta ~hdxgh ~`wcw lmd vathmt`li iawwhw- Tbhp glm tbh~hnp òv~auh tbh ~hwì`hmgh ae gaooxm`t`hwD`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm mhhdw ta nh gxwtao`{hd ta vl~t`gxil~ whtt`mjw- Wtlthw ul~p j~hltip `m tbh`~ vai`t`gli wagà/hga/ mao`g gxitx~li hmu`~amohmt lmd bl{l~d g`~gxowtlmghw- Ohlwx~hw tblt wxgghhd `m ~hdxg`mj ~`wc `m amh whtt`mj olp mat za~c `m atbh~w- Gxwtao`{`mj `muaiuhw olc`mj xwh ae atbh~w* hrvh~`hmgh ea~ `mwtlmgh np ~hu`hz`mj tbh gamthrt ae vl~t`gxil~ ohlwx~hw lmd tbh mltx~h ae jaad v~lgt`ghw lmd ihwwamw ihl~mhd lmd tbhm tlìa~`mj tbhwh ta òvihohmt vai`g`hw lmd lgtù`t`hw tblt l~h lvv~av~`lth ea~ tbh iagli gamthrtw- Lm òva~tlmt lwvhgt ae gxwtao`{`mj `w lm lzl~h/ mhww ae gxitx~li dùh~w`tp ~hgajm`{`mj tbh dèeh~hmghw loamj j~axvw ae vhavih `m ilmjxljh wagà/hgamao`g lmd vai`t`gli wpwthow ~hi`jàm lmd htbm`g`tp lmd `m tbh`~ b`wta~`gli ~hiltàmwb`v z`tb mltx~h- Iagli wagà/vai`t`gli wt~xgtx~hw lmd gxitx~li gamd`tàmw wxgb lw c`mwb`v l~~lmjhohmtw gxwtaol~p ~`jbtw gaooxm`tp lmd eloìp mhtza~cw lmd wpw/ thow ae ihldh~wb`v mhl~ip lizlpw vh~w`wt dx~`mj tòhw ae wt~hww- @t `w òva~tlmt ta tlch tbhwh elgta~w lw l wtl~t`mj va`mt lmd ta nxìd am tbho zbhm dhw`jm`mj lmd òvihohmt`mj mhz vai`g`hw lmd v~lgt`ghw-

Nlw`g wthvw `m olmlj`mj l tlwc Hlgb ae tbh tlwcw dhwg~`nhd `m tbh nadp ae tbh Jx`dh glm nh lvv~algbhd lw l w`mjih `mdhvhmdhmt lgtù`tp tpv`gliip `muaiu`mj l wh~`hw ae wthvw wxgb lw vilmm`mj gamwxitltàm lmd ~hva~t`mj- Litbaxjb tbh tlwcw ldd~hww dèeh~hmt jaliw tbh wthvw ~h|x`~hd l~h aethm wòìl~- Ta lww`wt xwh~w ae tbh Jx`dh `m vilmm`mj tlwcw lmd ta hmgax~ljh tbh hee`g`hmt xwh ae ~hwax~ghw lmd wxgghwwexi gaovihtàm zh axti`mh nhiaz l n~`he ~hu`hz ae tbh gaooam ol`m wthvw `m olmlj`mj lgtù`t`hw<-

Dhuhiav lm `mth~mli za~cvilm- L za~cvilm- L za~cvilm bhivw lgtù`tp olmljh~w dhth~o`mh tbh bxolm lmd e`mlmg`li ~hwax~ghw ~h|x`~hd ta xmdh~tlch tbh tlwc lw zhii lw tbh tòh mhhdhd ta gl~~p axt lii ae tbh tlwc*w lgtù`t`hw-


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Jht mhghwwl~p lj~hhohmtw a~ hmda~whohmtw- Hmi`wt`mj hmjljhohmt e~ao b`jbh~ ihuhiw ae lxtba~`tp bhivw ta whgx~h tbh ~h|x`~hd ~hwax~ghw lmd ta ~l`wh tbh mhghwwl~p vai`t`gli v~aeìh-

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@dhmtèp wtlchbaidh~w- Wtlchbaidh~w l~h tbawh vl~t`hw zba l~h `mth~hwthd `m a~ leehgthd np tbh lgtù`t`hw lmd zba glm h`tbh~ gamt~`nxth ta a~ òvhdh `tw lgb`huhohmt- Tbh wht ae wtlchbaidh~w ul~`hw ea~ dèeh~hmt tlwcwTlwc <-< v~au`dhw ex~tbh~ dhtlì am tb`w wthv-

4- Lwwhonih `mea~oltàm- Tbh mhhd ea~ dltl lmd `mea~oltàm zìi ul~p j~hltip dhvhmd`mj am tbh tlwc lmd `tw gaiihgtàm olp aggx~ lt whuh~li wthvw liamj tbh zlp- Lm `m`t`li nlw`g wht ae `mea~oltàm zìi nh mhhdhd am tbh v~hulì`mj gamd`tàmw ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc lmd ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vai`g`hw `m a~dh~ ta `dhmtèp tbh mltx~h ae tbh v~aniho tblt tbh tlwc oxwt ldd~hww lmd ta v~au`dh l dagxohmthd ~heh~hmgh va`mt a~ .nhmgbol~c. ljl`mwt zb`gb tbh tlwc*w wxgghww glm nh ohlwx~hd ilth~8-

Gamuhmh l vilmm`mj lmd a~jlm`{ltàmli ohht`mj z`tb lii wtlchbaidh~w-Tb`w wtlchbaidh~w-Tb`w wthv `muaiuhw ka`mtip dhuhiav`mj lmd lj~hh`mj xvam; •

Tbh wgavh ae tbh tlwc `tw ankhgtùhw lmd jali-

L za~cvilm "ldlvthd e~ao tbh `mth~mli za~cvilm `m a~dh~ ta `mgixdh atbh~ wtlchbaidh~w)-

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@mdù`dxli lmd ljhmgp ~aihw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw-

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Ohtbadw ea~ xmdh~tlc`mj tbh tlwc-

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Ohtbadw ea~ ~hva~t`mj `mth~ohd`lth ~hwxitw-

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Gaooxm`gltàm lmd d`wwho`mltàm wt~lthj`hw ea~ tbh tlwc dx~`mj lmd leth~ gaovihtàm-

L wt~lthjp ea~ olmlj`mj za~c v~aghwwhw oam`ta~`mj v~aj~hww jhmh~lt`mj ~hgaoohmdltàmw lmd v~aoat`mj tbh`~ òvihohmtltàm-

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Gl~~p axt tbh tlwc- Tbh tlwc olmljh~ zìi mhhd ta hmwx~h tblt thlo ohonh~w lmd wxnj~axvw xmdh~wtlmd zblt `w hrvhgthd ae tbho lmd bluh tbh mhghwwl~p ~hwax~ghw ta gl~~p axt tbh`~ dxt`hw- Tbh tlwc olmljh~ liwa mhhdw ta auh~whh tbh za~c oam`ta~`mj v~aj~hww lmd waiu`mj lmp v~anihow lw tbhp aggx~-

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Gamwxitltàm lmd axt~hlgb- Tlwc wxgghww aethm b`mjhw am zbhtbh~ wtlchbaidh~w lj~hh tblt tbh lgtù`t`hw ohht tbh`~ mhhdw lmd hrvhgtltàmw- Tbh~hea~h ta chhv tbh tlwc am t~lgc lmd ta eawth~ nxp/`m olmljh~w zìi mhhd ta ~hjxil~ip `mea~o gamwxit lmd zbh~huh~ lvv~av~`lth `mthj~lth wtlchbaidh~w* u`hzw- @muaiu`mj l n~ald wht ae wtlchbaidh~w zìi liwa liiaz tbho ta ihl~m e~ao tbh tlwc lmd ta `dhmtèp lmd wh`{h avva~txm`t`hw ea~ òvihohmt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm-

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D`wwho`mlth ~hwxitw- Bh~h olmljh~w gaooxm`glth tbh ~hwxitw ae tbh gaovihthd tlwc ta ul~àxw jauh~mohmt whgta~w `muaiuhd atbh~ ~hihulmt wtlchbaidh~w lmd ta tbh jhmh~li vxni`g tb~axjb tbh ohd`l- Gblvth~ 7 v~au`dhw wvhgè`gw am xwhexi gaooxm`gltàm wt~lthj`hw-

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Eaiiaz/xv- Wvhgè`gw ae tb`w wthv zb`gb ul~p j~hltip np tlwc l~h i`chip ta `mgixdh `mth~mli lmd hrth~mli lduaglgp ta hmwx~h tbh ~hgajm`tàm lmd ldavtàm ae lmp ~hgaoohmdltàmw lmd vilmw-

<6- Oam`ta~ lmd hulixlth- Oam`ta~`mj lmd hulixltàm bhivw olmljh~w ohlwx~h v~aj~hww lmd lwwhww tbh heehgtùhmhww ae v~akhgtw- Gamw`dh~ltàm ae oam`ta~`mj lmd hulixltàm mhhdw ta nh nxìt `mta tbh vilmm`mj wtljh ta hmwx~h tblt tbh ~`jbt dltl `w gaiihgthd lw vl~t ae lii lgtù`t`hw lmd tblt tbh v~aghww `w tlìa~hd ta lmwzh~ tbh ~hihulmt olmljhohmt |xhwtàmw vl~t`gxil~ip gamgh~m`mj tbh hrvhgthd lgb`huhohmtw z`tb tbh tl~jht j~axvw lmd auh~lii gawt/heehgtùhmhww-

5


Gblvth~ <- Olc`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm l v~à~`tp

Gblvth~ < <

Olc`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm l v~à~`tp Bpaja E~lohza~c ea~ Lgtàm V~à~`tp < Hmwx~h tblt d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `w l mltàmli lmd iagli v~à~`tp z`tb l wt~amj `mwt`txtàmli nlw`w ea~ òvihohmtltàm@ovihohmt`mj V~à~`tp < ~h|x`~hw eawth~`mj vai`t`gli gaoo`tohmt lmd gaooxm`tp vl~t`g`vltàm `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd dhuhiav`mj a~ wt~hmjtbhm`mj tbh `mwt`txtàmli ihj`wiltùh lmd avh~ltàmli ohgblm`wow ea~ d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm- @t `muaiuhw `mthj~lt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta dhuhiavohmt vilmm`mj lmd dhghmt~li`{`mj ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw zbh~h mhghwwl~p- @t liwa gliiw ea~ lwwhww`mj bxolm lmd e`mlmg`li mhhdw lmd liiaglt`mj tbh mhghwwl~p ~hwax~ghw-

Wtlthw glm xmdh~tlch l mxonh~ ae tlwcw ta òvihohmt V~à~`tp <- Tb`w gblvth~ ~hgaoohmdw tbh eaiiaz`mj tlwcw; <-<- Hmjljh `m oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ d`liajxh ta hwtlni`wb tbh eaxmdltàmw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm<->- G~hlth a~ wt~hmjtbhm ohgblm`wow ea~ wpwtholt`g gaa~d`mltàm ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm<-7- Lwwhww lmd dhuhiav tbh `mwt`txtàmli nlw`w ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm<-4- V~à~`t`{h d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd liiaglth lvv~av~`lth ~hwax~ghw-

Tbh eaiiaz`mj `md`glta~w l~h wxjjhwthd lw vaww`nih ohlmw ea~ lwwhww`mj v~aj~hww `m òvihohmt`mj tb`w v~à~`tp; •

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L ihjli e~lohza~c ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm hr`wtw z`tb hrvi`g`t ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw dhe`mhd ea~ lii ihuhiw ae jauh~mohmt L mltàmli oxit`/whgta~li viltea~o ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `w avh~ltàmli L mltàmli vai`gp e~lohza~c ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm hr`wtw tblt ~h|x`~hw vilmw lmd lgtù`t`hw lt lii ldo`m`wt~ltùh ihuhiw e~ao mltàmli ta iagli ihuhiwDhd`glthd lmd ldh|xlth ~hwax~ghw l~h lulìlnih ta òvihohmt d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vilmw lt lii ldo`m`wt~ltùh ihuhiw-

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<-<

BEL

Hmjljh `m oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ d`liajxh ta hwtlni`wb tbh eaxmdltàmw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm

L- Xmdh~wtlmd`mj tbh tlwc Zblt*w tbh vx~vawh ae tb`w tlwc1 Tb`w tlwc n~`mjw tajhtbh~ tbh gaxmt~p*w ~hihulmt d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm wtlchbaidh~w `m wt~xgtx~hd d`wgxwwàmw ta dhuhiav a~ wt~hmjtbhm tbh gaxmt~p*w d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm heea~tw- Tbh d`liajxh olp `m tòh huaiuh `mta l mltàmli oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm viltea~o "whh Tlwc <-> ea~ oa~h `mea~oltàm am mltàmli viltea~ow)-

Zbp `t*w òva~tlmt Wt~xgtx~hd d`liajxh loamj wtlchbaidh~w `w tbh nhwt zlp ta ldd~hww tbh gaovihr`tp ae natb d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `twhie lmd ae wtlchbaidh~w* gamgh~mw n~`mj`mj d`wvl~lth vl~t`hw tajhtbh~ ta wbl~h l gaooam u`wàm- D`wgxwwàm loamj wtlchbaidh~w bhivw ta nxìd l mltàmli gamwhmwxw ea~ ~hdxg`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wcw- @t hmblmghw wag`htli lzl~hmhww ae bl{l~dw ~`wc lmd ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- @t glm hovazh~ uximh~lnih wtlchbaidh~w lmd tb~axjb `mea~oltàm wbl~`mj lmd gali`tàm/nxìd`mj glm v~aoath lgtàm np iagli jauh~mohmtw v~ùlth hmt`t`hw zaohm lmd gaooxm`tp j~axvw lmd atbh~ MJAw- D`liajxh bhivw ta gil~èp ~aihw lmd glm ihld ta gaiilna~ltàm am ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lt tbh ~hjàmli ihuhi natb nhtzhhm `mwt`txtàmw lmd lg~aww whgta~w-

Baz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw Tb`w tlwc `w tbh nlw`w ea~ wxgghww `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- @m vl~t`gxil~ `t `w l dhw`~lnih e`~wt wthv ea~ Tlwc <-> zb`gb g~hlthw lmd!a~ wt~hmjtbhmw gaa~d`mltàm ohgblm`wow-

Th~o`maiajp D`wlwth~; L wh~àx D`wlwth~; L wh~àxww d`w~xvtàm d`w~xvtàm ae tbh exmgtàm`mj ae l gaooxm`tp a~ l wag`htp glxw`mj z`dhwv~hld bxolm olth~`li hgamao`g a~ hmu`~amohmtli iawwhw zb`gb hrghhd tbh lnì`tp ae tbh leehgthd gaooxm`tp a~ wag`htp ta gavh xw`mj `tw azm ~hwax~ghw- L d`wlwth~ `w l exmgtàm ae tbh ~`wc v~aghww- @t ~hwxitw e~ao tbh gaon`mltàm ae bl{l~dw gamd`tàmw ae uximh~lnì`tp lmd `mwxee`g`hmt glvlg`tp a~ ohlwx~hw ta ~hdxgh tbh vathmt`li mhjltùh gamwh|xhmghw ae ~`wc- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp) Th~o`maiajp)

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D`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm; Tbh gamghvtxli e~lohza~c ae hihohmtw gamw`dh~hd z`tb tbh vaww`nì`t`hw ta o`mò`{h uximh~lnì`t`hw lmd d`wlwth~ ~`wcw tb~axjbaxt l wag`htp ta lua`d "v~huhmtàm) a~ ta iò`t "o`t`jltàm lmd v~hvl~hdmhww) tbh lduh~wh òvlgtw ae bl{l~dw z`tb`m tbh n~ald gamthrt ae wxwtl`mlnih dhuhiavohmt"Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp) D`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm gblovàm `w lm `meixhmt`li vh~wam `mth~hwthd `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm zba `w zìi`mj ta tlch lgtàm ta olch d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm l vxni`g v~à~`tp- L gblovàm olp nh lmp dhth~o`mhd jauh~mohmt aee`g`li l v~aehwwàmli `m amh ae olmp e`hidw a~ l gaooxm`tp lgtù`wt- @mwt`txtàmw a~ huhm gaxmt~`hw glm vilp gblovàm`mj ~aihw-

8

Oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ `w l th~o ta Oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ `w dhwg~`nh l j~axv`mj ae `mdù`dxliw lmd a~jlm`{ltàmw zba bluh l `mth~hwt a~ .wtlch. `m l v~aniho lmd zba gaavh~lth ta tlch lgtàm am tbh v~aniho / `m tb`w glwh ta ~hdxgh d`wlwth~ ~`wc-


0


BEL

<-< Hmjljh `m oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ d`liajxh ta hwtlni`wb tbh eaxmdltàmw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm

N- Baz ta da `t ^hgaoohmdhd wthvw <-

@dhmtèp chp wtlchb @dhmtèp wtlchbaidh~w aidh~w lmd hmwx~h hmwx~h lgtùh lgtùh gaiilna~l gaiilna~ltàm tàm loamj loamj tbhotbho- Chp wtlchb wtlchbaidh~w aidh~w l~h tbawh tbawh zba wbaxid vilp l ~aih `m tbh vilmm`mj v~aoatàm a~ òvihohmtltàm ae ~`wc ~hdxgtàm wt~lthj`hw lmd v~aj~loohw-

>-

@dhmtèp ~hihulmt hr`wt`mj jauh~mohmtli a~ gùì wag`htp a~jlm`{ltàmw- Lwwhww zbhtbh~ tbh d`liajxh gaxid nh lmgba~hd z`tb`m a~ nhmhe`t e~ao tbhwh hr`wt`mj mhtza~cw-

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Lj~hh am wbl~hd jaliw wgavh ljhmdl za~c`mj l~~lmjhohmtw lmd j~axmd ~xihw-

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Dhuhiav lm l~~lmjhohmt ea~ chhv`mj tbh d`liajxh ja`mj-

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O`m`wt~`hw ae hdxgltàm bhlitb lj~`gxitx~h lmd atbh~ ~hihulmt whgta~w-

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Mltàmli d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt lmd gùì v~athgtàm a~jlm`{ltàmw lmd tbh`~ lwwag`lthd avh~ltàmli vl~tmh~w wxgb lw vai`gh wh~u`ghw hoh~jhmgp wh~u`ghw lmd ^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt Wag`htpAzmh~w lmd avh~lta~w ae hgamao`g lmd wag`li `me~lwt~xgtx~h; hmth~v~`whw g~`t`gli ea~ vhavih*w wx~uùli lmd tbh gamt`mxaxw exmgtàm`mj ae gaooxm`t`hwVxni`g ljhmg`hw; tbawh ~hwvamw`nih ea~ auh~whh`mj òvihohmtltàm ae nxìd`mj gadhw lmd ea~ ~hjxilt`mj wlmgtàm`mj a~ v~au`d`mj `mghmtùhw- Liwa `mgixdh hmu`~amohmtli olmljh~w mltàmli eagli va`mtw ae tbh ^à gamuhmtàmw zaohm*w gaoo`wwàmw lmd chp bxolm`tl~`lm lmd wag`li wh~u`gh a~jlm`{ltàmw^hihulmt v~aehwwàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw `mgixd`mj tbhwh ae ilmd/xwh vilmmh~w l~gb`thgtw hmj`mhh~w dhuhiavh~w nxìdh~w jhaj~lvbh~w bl{l~d wvhg`li`wtw lduaglthw hdxglta~w t~l`mh~w lmd ~hwhl~gbh~wThgbm`gli lmd wg`hmtè`g `mwt`txtàmw a~ wh~u`ghw; tbawh dhli`mj z`tb ~`wc `dhmtè`gltàm bl{l~dw oam`ta~`mj hl~ip zl~m`mj lmd v~hvl~hdmhwwV~ùlth whgta~; e`mlmg`li `mwt`txtàmw `mgixd`mj tbawh tblt v~au`dh oa~tjljh ialmw a~ `mwx~lmgh lw zhii lw gaooxm`gltàm thgbmaiajp gaovlm`hw-



BEL Hmjljh `m oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ d`liajxh ta hwtlni`wb tbh eaxmdltàmw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm •

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Zblt gamd`tàmw elgì`tlth tbh tlwc1 •

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<-< Hmjljh `m oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ d`liajxh ta hwtlni`wb tbh eaxmdltàmw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm

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BEL Hmjljh `m oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ d`liajxh ta hwtlni`wb tbh eaxmdltàmw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm

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H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj Lihwgb D-K- lmd Vhtlc Z-K- >66<- Auh~gao`mj Anwtlgihw ta @ovihohmt`mj Hl~tb|xlch Bl{l~d O`t`jltàm Vai`g`hw; Wtljh < ^hva~t- OGHH^ Thgbm`gli Thgbm`gli ^hva~tw- bttv;!!oghh~-nxeelia-hdx!vxni`gltàmw!nxiiht`m!6
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BEL

G~hlth a~ wt~hmjtbhm ohgblm`wow ea~ wpwtholt`g gaa~d`mltàm ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm

L- Xmdh~wtlmd`mj tbh tlwc

Th~o`maiajp

Mltàmli viltea~o ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `w l mltàmliip Tb`w tlwc n~`mjw tajhtbh~ wtlchbaidh~w ta dhuhiav a~ wt~hmjtbhm l azmhd lmd ihd ea~xo a~ ohgblm`wo bh~h ~heh~~hd ta lw l .mltàmli viltea~o. ea~ gaa~d`mlthd gaoo`tthh ae oxit`vih heehgtùh lgtàm am d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàmwtlchbaidh~w- @t wh~uhw lw lm lduaglth ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc Tbh auh~l~gb`mj jali ae l mltàmli viltea~o `w ta bhiv nxìd l gaxmt~p*w ~hdxgtàm lt dèeh~hmt ihuhiw lmd ~hwì`hmgh ljl`mwt d`wlwth~w wa lw ta wlehjxl~d tbh gaxmt~p*w lwwhtw lmd v~au`dhw gaa~d`mltàm lmlipw`w hmwx~h `tw g`t`{hmw* zhii/nh`mj np vx~wx`mj tbh eaiiaz`mj lgtù`t`hw; lmd ldu`gh am l~hlw ae v~à~`tp Wh~uh lw ihldh~ ae l mltàmli vilm ta òvihohmt tbh BEL~h|x`~`mj gamgh~thd lgtàm Hmblmgh gaiilna~ltàm lmd gaa~d`mltàm loamjwt d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm tb~axjb l gaa~d`mlthd lmd vl~t`g`vlta~ vl~t`g `vlta~pp v~aghw v~aghwww- L Mltàm Mltàmli li wtlchbaidh~wViltea~o ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc Bhiv dhuhiav l gxitx~h ae wlehtp lmd ~hwì`hmgh zbh~h d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm wbaxid nh tbh ~hdxgtàm `w xmdh~wtaad lw huh~p g`t`{hm*w ~hwvamw`nì`tpgaa~d`mltàm ohgblm`wo ea~ Lduaglth ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vl~t`gxil~ip ea~ `tw `mthj~ltàm `mta ol`mwt~hlo`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc dhuhiavohmt vai`g`hw wt~lthj`hw lmd lgtù`t`hw lw zhii lw `mta oxitìlth~li ~hdxgtàm `mta dhuhiavohmt hmu`~amohmtli lj~hhohmtwvai`g`hw vilmm`mj lmd v~aj~loohw `m i`mh z`tb tbh Zbìh tb`w tlwc eagxwhw am mltàmli ohgblm`wow ~hjàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw òvihohmtltàm ae tbh BEL- @t liwa vilp lm òva~tlmt ~aih lmd glm nhmhe`t e~ao wòìl~ ltthmtàmwbaxid lò ta gamt~`nxth ta tbh hwtlni`wbohmt lmd tbh dhuhiavohmt ae l gaov~hbhmwùh Zbp `t*w òva~tlmt mltàmli d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm D`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `w l g~aww/gxtt`mj lmd gaovihr `wwxh zb`gb ~h|x`~hw wpwtho lw lvv~av~`lth ta hlgb vai`t`gli gaoo`tohmt vxni`g xmdh~wtlmd`mj wg`hmtè`g cmazihdjh gaxmt~p- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ ~hwvamw`nih dhuhiavohmt vilmm`mj lmd v~lgt`gh l vhavih/ghmt~hd hl~ip Jx`dhi`mhw Mltàmli Viltea~ow ea~ zl~m`mj wpwtho lmd d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh ohgblm`wow- L oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm) mltàmli viltea~o jltbh~w tajhtbh~ `m amh ea~xo tbh gaon`mhd cmazihdjh wcìiw lmd ~hwax~ghw tblt l~h ~h|x`~hd ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd l~h mhhdhd ta `mga~va~lth `t `mta dhuhiavohmt za~c- Lm heehgtùh mltàmli viltea~o zìi; Zblt*w tbh vx~vawh ae tb`w tlwc1

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Jx`dh lmd òv~auh tbh òvihohmtltàm ae mltàmli d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hwV~au`dh avva~txm`t`hw ea~ gùì wag`htp hwvhg`liip MJAw ta d`liajxh lmd gamt~`nxth ta d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lt mltàmli lmd gaooxm`tp ihuhiwElgì`tlth d`liajxh lmd vl~tmh~wb`v loamj ohonh~w ae tbh `mth~mltàmli gaooxm`tp `mgixd`mj tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Wpwtho lmd mltàmli lxtba~`t`hw@mg~hlwh `mea~oltàm lmd cmazihdjh wbl~`mj lmd thgbmaiajp t~lmweh~ loamj tbh ohonh~w ae mltàmli viltea~ow lmd nhtzhhm mltàmli viltea~owEawth~ i`mcw ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgta~w ta atbh~ ~hihulmt nad`hw mltàmliip ~hjàmliip lmd jianliip-

Baz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw Mltàmli viltea~ow glm bhiv gaxmt~`hw vh~ea~o oawt ae tbh tlwcw `m tb`w Jx`dh- Wtl~t`mj l oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ d`liajxh lw wxjjhwthd `m Tlwc <-< `w l bhivexi e`~wt wthv ea~ tb`w tlwc<4



BEL

G~hlth a~ wt~hmjtbhm ohgblm`wow ea~ wpwtholt`g gaa~d`mltàm ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm <->

N- Baz ta da `t Ea~o`mj l mltàmli viltea~o @m dhuhiav`mj l mltàmli viltea~o e`~wt olch xwh ae tbh wthvw wxjjhwthd `m Tlwc <-< gamgh~m`mj oxit`/ wtlchbaidh~ d`liajxh- Mltàmli viltea~ow wbaxid nxìd am lmp hr`wt`mj d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt a~ dhuhiavohmt vilmm`mj lmd e`mlmgh wpwtho lmd elgì`tlth tbh `mth~lgtàm ae chp dhuhiavohmt vilph~w e~ao i`mh o`m`wt~`hw `m vl~t`gxil~ hdxgltàm bhlitb lmd lj~`gxitx~h lw zhii lw tbawh e~ao wg`hmtè`g lmd lgldho`g `mwt`txtàmw MJAw tbh mltàmli wag`htp ae tbh ^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt tbh v~ùlth whgta~ av`màm wblvh~w lmd atbh~ whgta~w giawhip ~hilthd ta tbh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ljhmdl- Zbhmhuh~ vaww`nih mltàmli viltea~ow olp z`wb ta `mu`th vl~t`g`vltàm ae dama~ ljhmg`hw lmd gaxmt~p/nlwhd Xm`thd Mltàmw a~jlm`{ltàmw@dhliip tbh `mwt`txtàm gaa~d`mlt`mj tbh mltàmli viltea~o wbaxid nh l vh~olmhmt wt~xgtx~h `m l wxee`g`hmtip b`jb vaw`tàm ta gaa~d`mlth tbh vl~t`g`vltàm ae lii ~hihulmt vl~tmh~w z`tb l mltàmli gaa~d`mltàm olmdlth `m d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt a~ d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm- @t wbaxid bluh wt~amj ihldh~wb`v lw zhii lw glvlg`tp ta ihuh~ljh vai`t`gli gaoo`tohmt lmd oanì`{h ~hwax~ghw l~axmd d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàmXwhexi lvv~algbhw ta g~hlt`mj a~ wt~hmjtbhm`mj l mltàmli viltea~o `mgixdh; •

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Nxìd am hr`wt`mj d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt a~ dhuhiavohmt vilmm`mj lmd gaa~d`mltàm wpwthowElgì`tlth tbh `mth~lgtàm ae chp dhuhiavohmt vilph~w- @ova~tlmt vl~t`g`vlmtw `mgixdh i`mh o`m`wt~`hw d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt lxtba~`t`hw wg`hmtè`g lmd lgldho`g `mwt`txtàmw MJAw mltàmli wag`htp ae ^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt tbh v~ùlth whgta~ lmd tbh ohd`l av`màm wblvh~w lmd atbh~ whgta~w giawhip ~hilthd ta tbh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ljhmdl@mu`th zbhmhuh~ vaww`nih vl~t`g`vltàm e~ao dama~ ljhmg`hw lmd gaxmt~p/nlwhd Xm`thd Mltàmw a~jlm`{ltàmw-

Lgtù`t`hw xmdh~tlchm np mltàmli viltea~ow L mltàml mltàmlii viltea~o viltea~o glm; <-

Hwtlni`wb nlwhi`mh `mea~oltàm `mea~oltàm ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mgixd`mj d`wlwth~ v~aeìhw mltàmli vai`g`hw wt~lthj`hw glvlg`t`hw ~hwax~ghw lmd v~aj~loohw-

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@dhmtèp t~hmdw jlvw gamgh~mw lmd gbliihmjhw lmd dhth~o`mh v~à~`tp l~hlw l~hlw `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mgixd`mj `dhmtèp`mj oawt/uximh~lnih vavxiltàmw-

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Nhmgbol~c v~aj~hww oldh `m vx~wx`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd `tw `mthj~ltàm `mta dhuhiavohmt vilmm`mj lmd v~lgt`ghw-

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Dhuhiav ~hwxit/a~`hmthd za~cvilmw am gaa~d`mlt`mj tbh òvihohmtltàm ae tbh BEL-

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Gaa~d`mlth ka`mt heea~tw heea~tw loamj mltàmli viltea~o ohonh~w ta ~hdxgh uximh~lnì`tp ae vhavih lt ~hiltùhip b`jb ~`wc-

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Dagxohmt ihwwamw ihl~mhd lmd jaad v~lgt`ghw lmd wbl~h e`md`mjw- Elgì`tlth `mea~oltàm lmd cmazihdjh wbl~`mj lmd thgbmaiajp t~lmweh~ loamj tbh ohonh~w ae mltàmli viltea~ow lmd nhtzhhm mltàmli viltea~ow-

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Oam`ta~ ~hga~d lmd ~hva~t am òvihohmtltàm ae tbh BEL lt mltàmli lmd gaooxm`tp ihuhiw-

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Lduaglth tbh dhuhiavohmt lmd ldavtàm ae vai`g`hw lmd ihj`wiltàm `m a~dh~ ta hmjljh b`jbh~/ihuhi b`jbh~/ihuhi vai`gpolch~w lmd atbh~ `mth~hwt j~axvw-

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Za~c tazl~dw l nhtth~ `mthj~ltàm ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta bxolm`tl~`lm lww`wtlmgh dhuhiavohmt v~aj~loohw lmd gamghvtw lmd oxitìlth~li hmu`~amohmtli lj~hhohmtw `mgixd`mj giòlth gblmjh nàdùh~w`tp lmd dhwh~tè`gltàm- Ihldh~w olp nh lnih ta nxìd am v~huàxw hrvh~`hmghw ae `mga~va~lt`mj hmu`~amohmtli `wwxhw `mta dhuhiavohmt-


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<-> G~hlth a~ wt~hmjtbhm ohgblm`wow ea~ wpwtholt`g gaa~d`mltàm ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm

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<6- Gaa~d`mlth z`tb atbh~ mltàmli viltea~ow lmd whhc avva~txm`t`hw ta gaon`mh ~hwax~ghw lmd ta vl~t`g`vlth `m ~hjàmli d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm a~jlm`{ltàmw<<- Gaiilna~lth z`tb atbh~ gaa~d`mlt`mj ohgblm`wow ldd~hww`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm/~hilthd `wwxhw wxgb lw mltàmli wxwtl`mlnih dhuhiavohmt lmd giòlth gblmjh eagli va`mtw lmd gaoo`tthhw<>- Elgì`tlth dhuhiavohmt ae l mltàmli oxit`d`wg`vi`ml~p ~hwhl~gb ljhmdl- Hmgax~ljh lmd jx`dh ~hwhl~gb tblt bhivw ta dhuhiav gamghvtxli e~lohza~cw lmd ohtbadaiaj`gli wt~xgtx~hw a~ lvv~algbhw<7- Wtòxilth tbh vl~t`g`vltàm ae dhuhiavohmt lgta~w lmd vilmmh~w ea~ tbh `mthj~ltàm ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta tbh wxwtl`mlnih dhuhiavohmt ljhmdl `mgixd`mj tbh Oìihmm`xo Dhuhiavohmt Jaliw "ODJw) Vauh~tp ^hdxgtàm Wt~lthjp Vlvh~w "V^WVw) lmd Gaooam Gaxmt~p Lwwhwwohmt!XM Dhuhiavohmt Lww`wtlmgh E~lohza~cw "GGL!XMDLE) nxìd`mj am v~huàxw hrvh~`hmgh ae `mthj~lt`mj hmu`~amohmtli `wwxhw `mta dhuhiavohmt<4- Wxvva~t l oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ lvv~algb lmd d`liajxh lmd v~au`dh avva~txm`t`hw ea~ gùì wag`htp wag`htp hwvhg`liip MJAw ta d`liajxh lmd gamt~`nxth ta d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lt mltàmli lmd gaooxm`tp ihuhiw lw zhii lw ta elgì`tlth tbh d`liajxh lmd vl~tmh~wb`v nhtzhhm tbh `mth~mltàmli gaooxm`tp `mgixd`mj tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Wpwtho lmd mltàmli lxtba~`t`hw-

@mgixd`mj giòlth gblmjh eagli va`mtw lmd a~jlm`{ltàmw `m mltàmli viltea~ow Olmp ae tbh òvlgtw lwwag`lthd z`tb giòlth gblmjh hrlgh~nlth a~ lith~ hr`wt`mj bl{l~dw "wxgb lw d~axjbtw eiaadw wta~ow lmd bhltzluhw)- Lgga~d`mj ta tbh @mth~jauh~mohmtli Vlmhi am Giòlth Gblmjh "@VGG) giòlth gblmjh zìi wt~hww g~`t`gli hgawpwthow lmd ihld ta zlth~ lmd eaad wba~tljhw tb`w ghmtx~pVhavih zìi mhhd ta ldlvt ta elgh òvlgtw e~ao zl~o`mj tblt `w li~hldp xmlua`dlnih dxh ta vlwt j~hhmbaxwh jlw ho`wwàmw- Tbh @VGG game`~ohd tblt ldlvtltàm ta gx~~hmt zhltbh~ hrt~hohw glm `mg~hlwh ~hwì`hmgh ta giòlth gblmjh "@VGG >66:n)- Tbh ~h|x`~hd giòlth gblmjh ldlvtltàm ohlwx~hw wxgb lw hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow ~`wc lwwhwwohmt lmd wxwtl`mlnih mltx~li ~hwax~gh xwh l~h `m v~lgt`gh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hwTa ldlvt ta giòlth gblmjh lmd nxìd ~hwì`hmgh ta `tw òvlgtw V~à~`tp 4 ae tbh BEL gliiw ea~ tbh `mthj~ltàm ae ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta giòlth gblmjh ldlvtltàm wt~lthj`hw- L e`~wt wthv tazl~d wxgb `mthj~ltàm `w ta `muaiuh mltàmli giòlth gblmjh eagli va`mtw lmd!a~ a~jlm`{ltàmw `m mltàmli viltea~ow- N~`mj`mj tajhtbh~ wxgb ~hv~hwhmtltùhw zìi liiaz tbh mltàmli viltea~o ta "`) hrvia~h gaooam t~ldh/aeew nhtzhhm v~hwhmt lmd extx~h lgtàm3 "``) `dhmtèp wpmh~j`hw ta olch nhwt xwh ae lulìlnih exmdw ea~ wba~t/ ta iamjh~/ th~o ldlvtltàm ta giòlth ~`wcw lw zhii lw ta tlv `mta ldd`tàmli exmd`mj wax~ghw "```) wbl~h bxolm `mea~oltàm thgbm`gli lmd v~lgt`gli ~hwax~ghw3 "ù) olch nhwt xwh ae vlwt lmd v~hwhmt hrvh~`hmgh ta ldd~hww hoh~j`mj ~`wcw3 "u) lua`d dxvi`gltàm ae v~akhgt lgtù`t`hw3 lmd "u`) gaiilna~lth am ~hva~t`mj ~h|x`~hohmtw- Ea~ tbh wloh ~hlwamw `t zaxid nh dhw`~lnih tblt mltàmli viltea~ow liwa `mgixdh nàdùh~w`tp lmd dhwh~tè`gltàm eagli va`mtw-

G- ^hwvamw`nì`t`hw lmd ~hwax~ghw Zba wbaxid nh `muaiuhd1 Mltàmli viltea~ow ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm l~h gaa~d`mltàm ohgblm`wow tblt `m a~dh~ ta nh heehgtùh lmd wxwtl`mlnih mhhd ta nh nxìt tb~axjb l mltàmliip azmhd lmd ihd vl~t`g`vlta~p v~aghww z`tb l oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ gaovaw`tàm tblt `mgixdhw dèeh~hmt whgta~w* vh~wvhgtùhw lmd lgtàmw- ^hihulmt wtlchbaidh~w l~h tbh wloh lw tbawh mlohd `m Tlwc <-<- Tbhp olp `mgixdh;

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Jauh~mohmt ~hv~hwhmtltùhw; ~hv~hwhmtltùhw e~ao mltàmli wtlth!v~au`mg`li lmd iagli ihuhiw `mgixd`mj e~ao o`m`wt~`hw wxgb lw e`mlmgh lmd vilmm`mj hmu`~amohmt baoh!`mth~à~ gùì dhehmgh hdxgltàm bhlitb wag`li zhiel~h vxni`g za~cw lmd baxw`mj lmd lj~`gxitx~h- @mgixdh tbawh òvihohmt`mj ~hihulmt oxitìlth~li lj~hhohmtw wxgb lw tbh ^à gamuhmtàmw^hv~hwhmtltùhw e~ao gùì wag`htp lmd a~jlm`{ltàmw z`tb l ~aih `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- ^hihulmt j~axvw `mgixdh MJAw `m dhuhiavohmt lmd hmu`~amohmtli v~athgtàm3 bxolm bln`tltw3 v~ùlth nxw`mhww ehdh~ltàmw xtì`t`hw nlmc`mj lmd `mwx~lmgh3 zaohm*w a~jlm`{ltàmw ~hi`jàxw lwwag`ltàmw lmd paxtb oauhohmtw3 lmd t~l`m`mj `mwt`txtàmw ea~ gùì wh~ulmtw lmd gaooxm`tp lmd zaohm*w j~axvw-

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Ohd`l hmt`t`hw-

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Wg`hmtè`g lmd lgldho`g `mwt`txtàmw-

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Thgbm`gli lmd wg`hmtè`g `mwt`txtàmw a~ wh~u`ghw dhli`mj z`tb ~`wc `dhmtè`gltàm bl{l~dw wtxd`hd lmd oam`ta~hd hl~ip zl~m`mj lmd v~hvl~hdmhww-


Wt~amj vai`t`gli gaoo`tohmt e~ao tav ihldh~wb`v-

Lm hrvi`g`t za~c v~aj~looh ldo`m`wth~hd a~ auh~whhm e~ao lm ldo`m`wt~ltùh glvlg`tp-

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Thgbm`gli lgtù`t`hw wxgb lw dhuhiav`mj cmazihdjh nlwhw am d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd dhuhiav`mj l ohtbadaiaj`gli e~lohza~c ea~ tbh mltàmli viltea~o tblt `mgixdhw l wht ae d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm `md`glta~w-

L vl~t`g`vlta~p v~aghww z`tb tbh exii `muaiuhohmt ae ~hihulmt j~axvw `mgixd`mj jauh~mohmt v~ùlth whgta~ whgta~ MJAw lmd lgldho`g a~jlm`{ltàmw-

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^hwax~ghw lulìlnih ea~ natb tbh dhuhiavohmt ae l mltàmli viltea~o lmd `tw vilmmhd lgtù`t`hw-

Jù`mj aee`g`li ~hgajm`tàm ta mltàmli viltea~ow ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm @e l gaxmt~p blw l nadp tblt wh~uhw tbh exmgtàmw ae l mltàmli viltea~o ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `t glm ea~oliip matèp tbh @WD^ whg~htl~`lt lmd tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw ~hw`dhmt gaa~d`mlta~ `m tbh gaxmt~p ae tb`w wtltxw lmd tbh lvv~av~`lth gamtlgt va`mt- Tbh @WD^ whg~htl~`lt glm tbhm lww`wt `m tbh hrgblmjh ae `mea~oltàm am tbh `mth~hwtw lmd hrvh~`hmghw ae mltàmli viltea~ow `m dèeh~hmt whtt`mjw- Aee`g`liip dhw`jmlthd mltàmli viltea~ow v~au`dh l ulixlnih ohlmw ea~ v~aoat`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm oa~h z`dhip lt tbh `mth~mltàmli ihuhi-

D- @iixwt~ltàmw Tbh Mltàmli Viltea~o ea~ Mltx~li Bl{l~dw "VILMLT) "VILMLT) Wz`t{h~ilmd @m <00: tbh Wz`ww Ehdh~li Gaxmgì eaxmdhd tbh mltàmli viltea~o VILMLT VILMLT ta òv~auh tbh gaxmt~p*w d`wlwth~ v~huhmtàm e~lohza~c- VILMLT VILMLT blw tb~hh ol`m o`wwàmw- @tw e`~wt o`wwàm `w ta xmdh~tlch wt~lthj`g za~c ta v~athgt tbh Wz`ww vavxiltàm `tw mltx~li hmu`~amohmt lmd `tw olth~`li lwwhtw ljl`mwt mltx~li bl{l~dw- V~athgtùh ohlwx~hw l~h vh~àd`gliip ~h/hulixlthd lmd dagxohmthd- VILMLT*w whgamd o`wwàm `w lzl~hmhww/~l`w`mj- @t za~cw ta n~`mj lnaxt l iamj/th~o wbèt `m tbh olmljhohmt ae mltx~li bl{l~dw tazl~dw `mga~va~ltàm ae l gxitx~h ae ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- @t olchw wx~h tblt ohlwx~hw tlchm l~h hgaiaj`gliip gaovlt`nih wag`liip kxwt lmd hgamao`gliip hee`g`hmt- Tb`w gxitx~li wbèt wbaxid `mg~hlwh tbh lnì`tp ta gabh~hmtip d`wgxww v~huhmtàm |xhwtàmw gamgh~m`mj mltx~li bl{l~dw- VILMLT*w tb`~d o`wwàm `w gaa~d`mltàm- Tbh viltea~o lòw ta lua`d dxvi`gltàm lmd ta òv~auh xwh ae wpmh~j`hw np hrgblmj`mj cmazihdjh lmd hrvh~`hmgh am l mltàmli lmd lm `mth~mltàmli ihuhiZa~dw @mta Lgtàm; L Jx`dh ea~ @ovihohmt`mj @ovihohmt`mj tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c

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BEL

VILMLT blw gaovihthd dhuhiavohmt ae l gaov~hbhmwùh lmd `mth~i`mchd wt~lthjp ea~ òv~auhd v~athgtàm VILMLT v~athgtàm ljl`mwt mltx~li bl{l~dw- @t blw liwa lmlipwhd tbh gx~~hmt w`txltàm lmd v~avawhd lm lgtàm vilm z`tb ohlwx~hw@tw mhrt wthv zìi nh ta òvihohmt tbhwh ohlwx~hwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t tbh VILMLT VILMLT zhnw`th lt; zzz-ghmlt-gb zzz-ghmlt-gb

Hrlovih ae `mth~/o`m`wth~`li gaiilna~ltàm Xjlmdl Z`tb @WD^ whg~htl~`lt wxvva~t Xjlmdl blw hwtlni`wbhd l mltàmli viltea~o ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm z`tb vl~t`g`vltàm e~ao ~hihulmt O`m`wt~`hw wxgb lw Hmu`~amohmt Hdxgltàm Bhlitb lmd Lj~`gxitx~h- Tbh mltàmli viltea~o zìi vilm lmd òvihohmt d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd ~hwvamwh `m`t`ltùhw- Tbh viltea~o cmazm lw tbh @mth~/O`m`wth~`li Thgbm`gli Gaoo`tthh n~`mjw tajhtbh~ whgta~li *eagli va`mt* aee`gh~w lww`jmhd ta `mthj~lth d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm `wwxhw `mta whgta~li za~cvilmw lmd nxdjhtw- Tbhwh aee`gh~w gbl`~ whgta~li za~c`mj j~axv ea~xow hlgb ae zb`gb blw `m vilgh whgta~li vilmw Litbaxjb tbh @mth~/O`m`wth~`li Thgbm`gli Gaoo`tthh dahw mat `mgixdh gùì wag`htp `t `w nh`mj ~hvi`glthd lt tbh d`wt~`gt ihuhi- @t blw nhhm wxgghwwexi lt hmjlj`mj `mth~mltàmli wxvva~t "e~ao XMDV lmd Jh~olm Thgbm`gli Thgbm`gli Gaavh~ltàm) ta bhiv `t `mthj~lth g~`w`w olmljhohmt lmd d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta wxwtl`mlnih dhuhiavohmtXjlmdl blw liwa `mga~va~lthd d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta `tw Vauh~tp H~ld`gltàm Lgtàm VilmEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; Dhvl~tohmt ae D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt lmd ^hexjhhw Aee`gh ae tbh V~òh O`m`wth~ ^hvxni`g ae Xjlmdl- >664- Xjlmdl Mltàmli ^hva~t lmd @mea~oltàm am D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm Heea~tw ea~ tbh Za~id Gameh~hmgh ea~ D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm- Xjlmdl*w Mltàmli D`wlwth~ V~hvl~hdmhww Vai`gp lmd @mwt`txtàmli E~lohza~c `w lulìlnih lt; zzz-avo-ja-xj

Vlgè`g ^hjàmli E~lohza~c Whg~htl~`lt ae tbh Waxtb Vlgè`g Lvvi`hd Jhawg`hmgh Gaoo`wwàm Ta òvihohmt tbh BEL tbh Vlgè`g ^hjàm `m >668 dhuhiavhd tbh .Vlgè`g ^hjàmli E~lohza~c ea~ Lgtàm >668/ >6<8; Lm @muhwtohmt ea~ Wxwtl`mlnih Dhuhiavohmt `m tbh Vlgè`g @wilmd Gaxmt~`hw.- Dhw`jmhd ta nxìd tbh ~hwì`hmgh ae mltàmw lmd gaooxm`t`hw ljl`mwt d`wlwth~w tb`w E~lohza~c zlw hmda~whd lmd ldavthd np Vlgè`g Ea~xo ihldh~w- @t nxìdw am li~hldp giawh lmd wxwtl`mhd d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm gaiilna~ltàm loamj tbh gaxmt~`hw auh~ tbh vlwt thm phl~wTbh E~lohza~c dhwg~`nhw tbh j~az`mj uximh~lnì`tp ae Vlgè`g @wilmd mltàmw lmd gaooxm`t`hw ta tbh òvlgtw ae bl{l~dw- Tb`w uximh~lnì`tp blw `mg~hlwhd mltàmli lmd ~hjàmli gaoo`tohmtw ta d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt am lm *lii bl{l~dw* nlw`w `m a~dh~ ta wxwtl`m tbh ~hjàm*w dhuhiavohmt- Tbh E~lohza~c*w u`wàm `w ea~ *Wleh~ oa~h ~hwì`hmt Vlgè`g @wilmdw mltàmw lmd gaooxm`t`hw ta d`wlwth~w wa tbh Vlgè`g vhavihw olp lgb`huh wxwtl`mlnih iùhi`baadw lmd ihld e~hh lmd za~tbzbìh iùhwTbh E~lohza~c blw w`r v~à~`tp l~hlw; "`) jauh~mlmgh / a~jlm`{ltàmli `mwt`txtàmli vai`gp lmd dhg`wàm/olc`mj e~lohza~cw3 "``) cmazihdjh `mea~oltàm vxni`g lzl~hmhww lmd hdxgltàm3 "```) lmlipw`w lmd hulixltàm ae bl{l~dw uximh~lnì`t`hw lmd hihohmtw lt ~`wc3 "ù) vilmm`mj ea~ heehgtùh v~hvl~hdmhww ~hwvamwh lmd ~hgauh~p3 "u) heehgtùh `mthj~lthd lmd vhavih/eagxwhd hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow3 lmd "u`) ~hdxgtàm ae xmdh~ip`mj ~`wc elgta~w^hjàmli dhuhiavohmt vl~tmh~w l~h bhiv`mj ta òvihohmt tbh E~lohza~c- Tb~axjb tbh gaa~d`mltàm lmd tbh elgì`tltàm ae tbh Whg~htl~`lt ae tbh Waxtb Vlgè`g Lvvi`hd Jhawg`hmgh Gaoo`wwàm "WAVLG) tbhwh vl~tmh~w hwtlni`wbhd tbh Vlgè`g D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt Vl~tmh~wb`v Mhtza~c "VDÔVM) zb`gb `mgixdhw auh~ tb`~tp ohonh~w zba wxvva~t Vlgè`g @wilmd gaxmt~`hw `m tbh`~ heea~tw ta wt~hmjtbhm vai`g`hw lmd vilmwUlmxltx `w tbh e`~wt gaxmt~p `m tbh ~hjàm ta xwh tbh E~lohza~c lw l jx`dh `m dhuhiav`mj `tw mltàmli lgtàm vilm ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt- L ~hjàmli b`jb/ihuhi lduaglgp thlo gaov~`w`mj chp ohonh~w ae VDÔVM u`w`thd Ulmxltx `m Kxmh >665- Tbh thlo whgx~hd vai`t`gli wxvva~t e~ao tbh Ulmxltx Jauh~mohmt ta lvv~algb d`wlwth~ lw l dhuhiavohmt `wwxh lmd ta eagxw am natb d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt-

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Ulmxltx v~aovtip hwtlni`wbhd l oxit`d`wg`vi`ml~p mltàmli tlwc ea~gh ta dhuhiav tbh Ulmxltx D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt Mltàmli Lgtàm Vilm "MLV) tb~axjb l wh~`hw ae za~cwbavw lmd gamwxitltàmw lt tbh mltàmli v~au`mg`li lmd gaooxm`tp ihuhiw- Tbh V~òh O`m`wth~ ae Ulmxltx Ulmxltx ea~oliip ilxmgbhd tbh MLV am >2 Mauhonh~ >665- Ohonh~w ae VDÔVM tblt lww`wthd Ulmxltx Ulmxltx `m `tw MLV v~aghww `mgixdhd WAVLG WAVLG tbh Vlgè`g @wilmd Ea~xo Whg~htl~`lt XMDV tbh Za~id Nlmc tbh Waxtb Vlgè`g ^hjàmli Hmu`~amohmtli V~aj~looh lmd tbh @WD^ whg~htl~`ltUlmxltx `w maz dhuhiav`mj l v~au`wàmli òvihohmtltàm v~aj~looh v~à~ ta wtl~t`mj ex~tbh~ gamwxitltàmw z`tb dama~w lmd VDÔVM ta whgx~h ~hwax~ghw mhghwwl~p ta òvihohmt tbh MLV- Nlwhd am tbh hrvh~`hmgh `m Ulmxltx WAVLG lmd tbh Vlgè`g @wilmd Ea~xo Whg~htl~`lt l~h g~hlt`mj l d~let jx`dh ta lww`wt gaxmt~`hw lmd VDÔVM z`tb tbh v~aghww ae dhuhiav`mj mltàmli lgtàm vilmw-

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Ea~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t; zzz-wavlg-a~j

L ~hjàmli viltea~o am d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ~hdxgtàm Waxtb Lw`l Waxtb Lw`lm gaxmt~`hw ~hv~hwhmt amh ae tbh za~id‐w ~hjàm z`tb tbh b`jbhwt gamghmt~ltàm ae batwvatw ea~ ~`wc ta mltx~li bl{l~dw- B`jb wh`wo`g`tp hrt~hoh giòlth gamd`tàmw lmd hmu`~amohmtli dhj~ldltàm gaxvihd z`tb `mg~hlw`mj vavxiltàm dhmw`tp bluh oldh lioawt lii tbhwh gaxmt~`hw hrt~hohip uximh~lnih ta ul~àxw c`mdw ae bl{l~dw- Litbaxjb waoh gaxmt~p `m`t`ltùhw bluh ~hdxghd tbh mxonh~ ae d`wlwth~ glwxlit`hw oxgb heea~t wtìi `w ~h|x`~hd ta dhg~hlwh tbh`~ auh~lii d`wlwth~ ~`wcW`mgh natb tbh glxwhw lmd gamwh|xhmghw ae Waxtb Lw`l‐w olka~ d`wlwth~w aethm t~lmwghmd gaxmt~p vai`t`gli naxmdl~`hw ~hjàmli gaavh~ltàm `w g~xg`li ea~ v~avh~ v~huhmtàm lmd o`t`jltàm vilmm`mj- Xmea~txmlthip litbaxjb gaxmt~`hw gaavh~lth z`tb hlgb atbh~ nìlth~liip ~hjàmli gaavh~ltàm loamj tbh Jauh~mohmtw lmd mam/ jauh~mohmtli lgta~w blw mat nhhm heehgtùh hmaxjb ta dlth@m Lxjxwt >665 Lejblm`wtlm Nlmjildhwb Nbxtlm @md`l Olidùhw Mhvli Vlc`wtlm lmd W~` Ilmcl taac l w`jmè`glmt wthv tazl~dw l ~hjàmli lvv~algb- @md`l‐w Mltàmli @mwt`txth ae D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt ka`mhd z`tb Dx~paj Mùl~lm "l Waxtb Lw`lm MJA za~c`mj am d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm) ta a~jlm`{h tbh e`~wt huh~ Waxtb Lw`lm Vai`gp D`liajxh- Bhid `m Mhz Dhib` tbh `m`t`ltùh zlw wxvva~thd np XMDV lmd tbh MJA V~lgt`gli Lgtàm- Oa~h tblm <86 dhihjlthw vl~t`g`vlthd `mgixd`mj whmà~ Jauh~mohmt exmgtàml~`hw wg`hmt`wtw ohd`l lmd ga~va~lth whgta~ ~hv~hwhmtltùhw lmd gaooxm`tp ihldh~w e~ao lii tbh whuhm Waxtb Lw`lm gaxmt~`hw- Gameh~hmgh vl~t`g`vlmtw d`wgxwwhd lwvhgtw ae ~hjàmli gaavh~ltàm ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd nlwhd am tbh`~ gamgixwàmw ldavthd tbh Dhib` Dhgil~ltàmTbh Dhib` Dhgil~ltàm whtw xv l viltea~o `muaiu`mj lii ~hjàmli/ihuhi wtlchbaidh~w `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm z`tb`m a~ axtw`dh tbh Jauh~mohmtw- Tbh ~hjàmli viltea~o zìi ohht vh~àd`gliip ta ~hu`hz v~aj~hww am òvihohmt`mj tbh ul~àxw ~hwaixtàmw oldh `m tbh Dhgil~ltàm- @t wbaxid bhiv ta v~aoath nhtth~ `mth~lgtàm loamj ~hjàmli wtlchbaidh~w lmd ta hmblmgh ~hjàmli gaavh~ltàm loamj tbh Jauh~mohmtwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t; zzz-klmltblcwblm-a~j!wlvd zzz-klmltblcwblm-a~j!wlvd!vde!Dhib`Dhgil~ltàm-vde zzz-klmltblcwblm-a~j!wlvd!vde!Dhib`Dhgil~ltàm-vde


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H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj XM!@WD^- ">66:); Jx`dhi`mhw; Mltàmli Viltea~ow ea~ D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm- Xm`thd Mltàmwzzz-xm`wd~-a~j!jx`dhi`mhw/mv/hmj Tb`w dagxohmt v~au`dhw jx`dlmgh am hwtlni`wb`mj a~ wt~hmjtbhm`mj mltàmli viltea~ow ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàmWaoh hrlovihw ae mltàmli viltea~o zhnw`thw; Gawtl ^`gl;

Aee`g`li zhnw`th ae tbh Gao`w`÷m Mlgàmli dh V~huhmg`÷m dh ^`hwjaw p Lthmg`÷m dh Hoh~jhmg`lw "GMH) "Wvlm`wb); zzz-gmh-ja-g~!

M`gl~ljxl;

Aee`g`li zhnw`th ae W`wthol Mlgàmli vl~l il V~huhmg`÷m O`t`jlg`÷m p Lthmg`÷m dh Dhwlwt~hw "W@MLV^HD) "Wvlm`wb); zzz zzz-w`mlv~hd-jan-m`! -w`mlv~hd-jan-m`!

Gaiaon`l;

Aee`g`li zhnw`th ae tbh W`wthol Mlgàmli dh V~huhmgàm p Lthmgàm dh Dhwlwt~hw zzz-djvld-jau-ga!

Jh~olmp;

Aee`g`li zhnw`th ae tbh Jh~olm Gaoo`tthh ea~ D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm "Jh~olm); zzz zzz-dccu -dccu-a~j -a~j

G{hgb ^hvxni`g; Aee`g`li zhnw`th ae tbh G{hgb Mltàmli Gaoo`tthh ea~ D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm "G{hgb lmd Hmji`wb); zzz-gbo`-g{ Bxmj Bx mjl~ l~p; p;

Aee`g` Aee` g`li li zh zhnw nw`t`thh ae ae tbh tbh Bx Bxmj mjl~ l~`l `lmm Mlt Mltà àml mlii D`~ D`~hg hgta ta~l ~lth th Jh Jhmh mh~l ~lii ea~ ea~ D` D`wl wlwt wth~ h~ Ol Olml mljh jhoh ohmt mt "Bxmjl~`lm); zzz-c zzz-cltlw{t~aeluhdhiho-bx! ltlw{t~aeluhdhiho-bx!

Oldljlwgl~;

Aee`g`li zhnw`th ae tbh Gamwhì Mltàmli dh Whgax~w "E~hmgb); zzz-oldljlwgl~/gamtlgtw-gao!gmw!

Whmhjli;

Aee`g`li zhnw`th ae tbh D`~hgtàm dh il V~athgtàm Gùìh "E~hmgb); zzz-`mth~`hx~-jaxu-wm!d`~hgtàmw-vbv1d`~?dvg%mxo?5

Dk`naxt`

Aee`g`li zhnw`th ae O`m`wtâ~h dh i*@mtà~`hx~ ht dh il Dàghmt~li`wltàm "E~hmgb); zzz-hihg-dk!V~hwhmtltàm(>6IlV~athgtàmGùìh-bto

Gb`m Gb `ml; l;

Aee`g` Aee` g`li li zh zhnw nw`t`thh ae ae Gb` Gb`ml ml Ml Mlt`tàm amli li Ga Gaoo oo`t`tth thhh ea~ ea~ @m @mth th~m ~mlt ltà àml mlii D`w D`wlw lwth th~~ ^hd ^hdxg xgt`tàm am "G "Gb` b`mh mhwh wh); ); zzz-ogl-jau-gm

Vbì`vv`mhw

Aee`g`li zhnw`th ae Mltàmli D`wlwth~ Gaa~d`mlt`mj Gaxmgì- "Hmji`wb); zzz zzz-mdgg-jau-vb! -mdgg-jau-vb!

Klvl Kl vlmm

Aee`g` Aee` g`li li zh zhnw nw`t`thh ae tb tbhh Gl Gln` n`mh mhtt Ae Aeeè`gh gh D` D`wl wlwt wth~ h~ Ol Olml mljh jhoh ohmt mt "K "Klv lvlm lmhw hwh) h);; zz zzz z-n -nax axwl wl`-`-ja ja-k-kvv Hmji`wb wxool~p ae tbh Ghmt~li D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt Gaxmgì; zzz-gla-ja-kv!lnaxtQh!voe>665!v>4Q>8-vde

Ea~ ex~tbh~ gaxmt~p `mea~oltàm whh tbh @WD^ zhnw`th zb`gb v~au`dhw dltl mltàmli viltea~o gamtlgtw d`wlwth~ wtlt`wt`gw bl{l~d v~aeìhw lmd mltàmli ~hva~tw gilwwè`hd np gaxmt~p lt; zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!mltàmli/viltea~o

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Lwwhww lmd dhuhiav tbh `mwt`txtàmli nlw`w ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm

L- Xmdh~wtlmd`mj tbh tlwc Zblt*w tbh vx~vawh ae tb`w tlwc1 Tb`w tlwc whhcw ta lwwhww lmd dhuhiav l gaxmt~p*w vai`gp ihjli lmd `mwt`txtàmli e~lohza~cw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- Xitòlthip `tw jali `w ta g~hlth l ea~oli nlw`w ea~ lgb`hu`mj l wleh~ lmd oa~h wxwtl`mlnih wag`htp `m tbh elgh ae ~`wc- Oa~h wvhgè`gliip tb`w tlwc zìi bhiv ta `dhmtèp glvlg`t`hw lmd jlvw `m tbh vai`gp ihjli lmd `mwt`txtàmli e~lohza~cw3 ta dhw`jm heehgtùh vilmw lmd v~aj~loohw ta òv~auh tbh `dhmtè`hd jlvw3 lmd ta dhuhiav l nlwhi`mh e~ao zb`gb ta ohlwx~h lmd oam`ta~ v~aj~hww-

Zbp `t*w òva~tlmt L gaxmt~p*w ihj`wiltùh lmd jauh~mohmtli wpwthow v~au`dh tbh nlw`w ea~ vilmw lmd a~jlm`{ltàm `m lii l~hlw ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- Lm ldh|xlth `mwt`txtàmli nlw`w lw zhii lw jaad jauh~mlmgh tbh~hea~h `w lm òva~tlmt v~h~h|x`w`th ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt- Lm lwwhwwohmt ae tbh hr`wt`mj ihj`wiltùh lmd ldo`m`wt~ltùh w`txltàm zìi bhiv ~huhli tbh gx~~hmt glvlg`t`hw wt~hmjtbw lmd wba~tgao`mjw lmd v~au`dh tbh nlw`w ea~ olc`mj òv~auhohmtw ta vai`gp ihjli lmd `mwt`txtàmli e~lohza~cw- Ta `dhmtèp l~hlw ae òv~auhohmt lmd ta eawth~ nxp/`m ea~ v~avawhd gblmjhw vl~t`g`vlta~p whie/lwwhwwohmt `w jhmh~liip oa~h heehgtùh tblm hulixltàm np axtw`dh~w- @t dahw ~h|x`~h heehgtùh ihldh~wb`v- Hmblmghd vai`g`hw am d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm glm liwa gamt~`nxth ta òv~auhd jauh~mlmgh ea~ hrlovih np wtòxilt`mj iagli jauh~mohmt vai`gpolc`mj lmd lgtàm lmd wt~hmjtbhm`mj ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj lmd nxìd`mj wlehtp hmea~ghohmt@mwt`txtàmli lwwhwwohmtw mhhd ta nh xvdlthd vh~àd`gliip ta ~heihgt amja`mj gblmjhw `m tbh gaxmt~p*w ~`wcw lmd ldo`m`wt~ltàm l~~lmjhohmtwHeehgtùhmhww ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm D`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vai`g`hw lmd vilmw glm nh wl`d ta nh heehgtùh è tbh vai`g`hw lmd v~lgt`ghw ae lii whgta~w `mga~va~lth ~`wc/~hdxg`mj hihohmtw è vai`t`gli wxvva~t `w dhuhiavhd ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm hrvhmd`tx~hw lmd ~hjxiltàmw lmd è tbh ljhmg`hw lmd vhavih ~hwvamw`nih ea~ òvihohmtltàm cmaz zblt `w hrvhgthd ae tbho lmd l~h zìi`mj ta lgt-

Baz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw Jaad mltàmli e~lohza~cw hmlnih tbh òvihohmtltàm ae heehgtùh d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt- @m vl~t`gxil~ tb`w tlwc `w l e`~wt wthv ea~ Tlwc <-4 zb`gb vxtw òv~auhd mltàmli e~lohza~cw `mta avh~ltàm-


Th~o`maiajp D`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt; Tbh wpwtholt`g v~aghww ae xw`mj ldo`m`wt~ltùh dhg`wàmw a~jlm`{ltàm avh~ltàmli wcìiw lmd glvlg`t`hw ta òvihohmt vai`g`hw wt~lthj`hw lmd gav`mj glvlg`t`hw ae tbh wag`htp lmd gaooxm`t`hw ta ihwwhm tbh òvlgtw ae mltx~li bl{l~dw lmd ~hilthd hmu`~amohmtli lmd thgbmaiaj`gli d`wlwth~w- Tb`w gaov~`whw lii ea~ow ae lgtù`t`hw `mgixd`mj wt~xgtx~li lmd mam/ wt~xgtx~li ohlwx~hw ta lua`d "v~huhmtàm) a~ ta iò`t "o`t`jltàm lmd v~hvl~hdmhww) lduh~wh heehgtw ae bl{l~dw"Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp)- Whh liwa Lmmhr 4; E~lohza~c ea~ D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt Mltàmli vai`gp e~lohza~c; L wht ae vai`g`hw vai`g`hw ldavthd ldavthd np l mltàmli lxtba~`tp ta dhe`mh lmd gabh~hmtip ldd~hww l vl~t`gxil~ `wwxh lmd ta jx`dh dhg`wàm/ olc`mj zbh~h tbhwh vai`g`hw gaov~`wh ~hihulmt lwwhwwohmtw wt~lthj`hw jaliw lvv~algbhw ~xihw vilmw lgtù`t`hw v~à~`t`hw ljhmtw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t ~hwvam w`nì`t`hw`hw- L mltàm mltàmli li d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vai`gp e~lohza~c glm jx`dh lii wtlchbaidh~w / whgta~ ljhmg`hw iagli jauh~mohmtw lmd atbh~w / `m tbh dhuhiavohmt ae gaovihohmtl~p ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vai`g`hw `m tbh`~ l~hlw ae lxtba~`tp-

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<-7 Lwwhww lmd dhuhiav tbh `mwt`txtàmli nlw`w ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm

BEL


Gamuhmh wtlchbaidh~w ea~ l vilmm`mj lmd a~jlm`{ltàmli ohht`mj `dhliip tbh mltàmli viltea~o ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm-

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Jltbh~ dagxohmtltàm- ^hu`hz wtxd`hw ae vlwt d`wlwth~ hrvh~`hmghw lmd ihwwamw ihl~mhd lmd `mth~u`hz jauh~mohmt aee`g`liw lmd atbh~ ~hihulmt wtlchbaidh~w e~ao lgldho`l lmd mam/jauh~mohmtli whgta~w-

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@dhmtèp wt~amj lmd zhlc lwvhgtw ae tbh hr`wt`mj wpwthow lmd avva~txm`t`hw ea~ òv~auhohmtw- @m vl~t`gxil~ lmlipwh `mwt`txtàmli l~~lmjhohmtw lmd ~hwax~ghw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `dhmtèp`mj baz d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `w a~ olp nh `mgixdhd `m mltàmli dhuhiavohmt vilmm`mj v~aghwwhw-

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V~hvl~h ~hgaoohmdltàmw ea~ mltàmli v~au`mg`li lmd iagli jauh~mohmt z`tb lii ~hihulmt wtlchbaidh~w ea~ mltàmli v~au`mg`li lmd iagli jauh~mohmtw am baz ta òv~auh mltàmli e~lohza~cw `mgixd`mj baz d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm glm nh `mthj~lthd `m dhuhiavohmt whgta~w* vilmm`mj- Za~c z`tb lii ~hihulmt wtlchbaidh~w ta da wa-

L math am v~aghww v~aghww lmd anwtlgihw anwtlgihw Dhg`wàm/olc`mj v~aghwwhw wbaxid chhv giawh ta tbh gaooxm`t`hw lt ~`wc bluh gihl~ i`mhw ae lggaxmtlnì`tp nlwhd am hwtlni`wbhd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw lmd hmlnih oxit`vih wtlchbaidh~w ta gamt~`nxth ta d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- @mwt`txtàmli lmd ihj`wiltùh wpwthow ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt l~h òva~tlmt gaovamhmtw ae jaad jauh~mlmgh tajhtbh~ z`tb hmblmghohmt ae dhoag~lt`g lmd vl~t`g`vlta~p lvv~algbhw exii ~hwvhgt ae bxolm ~`jbtw lmd atbh~ jaad jauh~mlmgh ~h|x`~hohmtw lmd wbaxid nh jx`dhd np tbh wloh nlw`g v~`mg`vihw; lggaxmtlnì`tp vl~t`g`vltàm ~xih ae ilz heehgtùhmhww lmd wxwtl`mlnì`tpPht huhm l uh~p jaad v~aghww olp mat wxgghhd `m gamuh~t`mj ~hgaoohmdltàmw `mta gblmjhw `m tbh ihjli e~lohza~c nhglxwh ae l ilgc ae vai`t`gli gaoo`tohmt ilgc ae ~hwax~ghw lmd!a~ gaovht`mj v~à~`t`hw lmd wtlchbaidh~ `mth~hwtw- Tbhwh anwtlgihw glm nh auh~gaoh np jl`m`mj wxvva~t e~ao vai`t`gli ihldh~w ilxmgb`mj l ohd`l glovl`jm a~ hmjlj`mj `m vxni`g `mth~hwt i`t`jltàmw "`m w`txltàmw `muaiu`mj vxni`g wlehtp)-

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Gamuhmh ohht`mjw ta d`wgxww tbh ~hwxitw ae tbh hulixltàm lmd tbh ~hgaoohmdltàmw-

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Wpwtholt`gliip ~hu`hz d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vai`gp avtàmw lmd dhth~o`mh v~à~`t`hw ea~ lgtàm- Dhuhiav wvhgè`g ankhgtùhw ea~ tbh v~aj~loohw tblt zìi òvihohmt tbh vai`g`hw lmd wt~lthj`hw lmd l oam`ta~`mj vilm z`tb nlwhi`mhw e~ao zb`gb ta ohlwx~h v~aj~hww-

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Gamwt~xgt l vilm ea~ òvihohmt`mj tbh ~hgaoohmdhd gblmjhw ta vai`g`hw lmd v~lgt`ghw- @mgixdh dhwg~`vtàmw ae tbh v~avawhd d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm v~aj~loohw-

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Z`tb wtlchbaidh~w ka`mtip d~let lmd g`~gxilth l wtlthohmt ae tbh u`wàm vai`gp vai`gp wt~lthj`hw lmd òvihohmtltàm vilm ea~ tbh mltàmli e~lohza~cw-

\xhwtàmw ta lwc @m whtt`mj tbh wgavh ae tbh hulixltàm ea~ l mltàmli e~lohza~c ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm gamw`dh~; •

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Zblt l~h tbh hulixltàm*w l~hlw ae eagxw "ea~ hrlovih vilmm`mj v~aghwwhw ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj hmu`~amohmtli olmljhohmt gamwt~xgtàm ~hjxiltàm a~ hgamao`g dhuhiavohmt)1 Zblt `wwxhw zìi nh hulixlthd "wxgb lw tbh dhj~hh ta zb`gb vazh~ `w dhuaiuhd ta v~au`mg`li lmd iagli jauh~mohmtw lmd atbh~ hmt`t`hw a~ tbh ~aih ae jhmdh~ `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm)1 L~h tbh~h ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m`t`ltùhw li~hldp xmdh~zlp tblt zaxid nh wx`tlnih ea~ `mgixwàm `m tbh hulixltàm1



BEL

Lwwhww lmd dhuhiav tbh `mwt`txtàmli nlw`w ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm <-7

@m dhg`d`mj am tbh hulixltàm*w ohtbadaiajp gamw`dh~; •

Baz glm `mea~oltàm nh jltbh~hd wpwtholt`gliip1 Zblt g~`th~`l lmd `md`glta~w zaxid nh xwhexi1

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Baz zìi `mth~u`hzw nh gamdxgthd lmd np zbao1

Ta lwwhww tbh heehgtùhmhww ae hr`wt`mj ihjli l~~lmjhohmtw gamw`dh~; •

L~h olmdlthw lmd ~aihw `mgixd`mj i`mhw ae lxtba~`tp lmd gaa~d`mltàm gihl~1

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L~h ihjli l~~lmjhohmtw whmw`tùh ta `md`jhmaxw gxwtaol~p ilz1

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L~h tbh~h ~xihw lmd ~hjxiltàmw ea~ òvihohmtltàm1

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L~h tbh~h lvv~av~`lth wlmgtàmw lmd hmea~ghohmt ohgblm`wow1

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Da hrvi`g`t v~au`wàmw ea~ e`mlmg`li wxvva~t hr`wt1

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L~h wxnmltàmli ihjli `mwt~xohmtw whmw`tùh ta iagli gamthmt1

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L~h tbh ilzw `mthj~lthd `mta tbh mltàmli dhuhiavohmt e~lohza~c lmd vilmw1

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Da gaooxm`t`hw vl~t`g`vlth `m vilmm`mj òvihohmt`mj oam`ta~`mj lmd hulixlt`mj1

Ta lwwhww tbh heehgtùhmhww ae ldo`m`wt~ltùh wt~xgtx~hw gamw`dh~; •

L~h tbh i`mhw ae lxtba~`tp lmd nlw`w ea~ lxtba~`tp gihl~1

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L~h i`mhw ae ~hva~t`mj gihl~ lmd d`~hgt1

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Dahw huh~pamh gamgh~mhd xmdh~wtlmd b`w!bh~ ~aih lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw1

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@w tbh lxtba~`tp ta lgt dhuaiuhd ta tbh hrthmt vaww`nih ta tbh ihuhi zbh~h lgtàm oxwt nh tlchm1

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Zblt zhlcmhwwhw hr`wt `m natb uh~t`gli lmd ba~`{amtli i`mcljhw nhtzhhm jauh~mohmtli ihuhiw hmt`t`hw lmd kx~`wd`gtàmw1 Da hr`wt`mj `mwt`txtàmw gbl~jhd z`tb d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh lmd hoh~jhmgp ~hi`he xmdh~wtlmd tbh`~ n~aldh~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw1 Da `mwt`txtàmw gbl~jhd z`tb vxni`g wlehtp lmd tbh u`lnì`tp ae hgamao`g lmd wag`li `me~lwt~xgtx~h xmdh~wtlmd lmd lgghvt tbh`~ wvhgè`g d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw ea~ bl{l~d lwwhwwohmt uximh~lnì`tp lmlipw`w lmd ~`wc ~hdxgtàm1

Ta lwwhww tbh heehgtùhmhww ae tbh vai`gp e~lohza~c gamw`dh~; •

Zblt glm nh ihl~mhd e~ao vlwt hrvh~`hmghw1

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Zblt jlvw a~ `wwxhw zh~h ~hva~thd `m ~hghmt d`wlwth~w1

L~h lgtù`t`hw giawhip i`mchd ta vai`gp d`~hgtàmw1

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@w tbh~h l eaiiaz/xv v~aghww `m vilgh1

@m dhuhiav`mj l gaooam u`wàm ea~ l mltàmli e~lohza~c ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm gamw`dh~; •

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Baz l~h `wwxhw ae xmdh~hoviapohmt wag`li h|x`tp vauh~tp liihu`ltàm hmu`~amohmtli olmljhohmt lmd hoh~j`mj ~`wcw ~hilthd ta d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vai`gp1 Zb`gb d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vai`g`hw lmd vilmw glm ldd~hww tbhwh gamgh~mw ta olrò`{h nhmhe`tw1


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BEL

@m jltbh~`mj ~`wc `mea~oltàm gamw`dh~; •

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Zb`gb bl{l~dw leehgt tbh vavxiltàm lmd `tw iùhi`baadw1 Zb`gb gamd`tàmw hrlgh~nlth tbh uximh~lnì`tp ae tbh vavxiltàm ae g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw lmd atbh~ `me~lwt~xgtx~h ae tbh hmu`~amohmt lmd ae hgamao`g dhuhiavohmt1 Zblt ihjli `mwt`txtàmli vai`t`gli wag`li gxitx~li hgamao`g lmd hmu`~amohmtli elgta~w wxvva~t a~ òvhdh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm1 Zblt l~h l~hlw ae `mwt`txtàmli wt~hmjtb1 Zblt zhlcmhwwhw lmd jlvw hr`wt1

@m hulixlt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vai`gp avtàmw gamw`dh~; •

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Zblt `w tbh gx~~hmt glvlg`tp ea~ òvihohmt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ohlwx~hw1 Baz zìi tbhwh vai`g`hw gamt~`nxth ta tbh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ankhgtùhw1 L~h tbhp wag`liip lmd vai`t`gliip lgghvtlnih1 L~h tbhp e`mlmg`liip lmd thgbm`gliip ehlw`nih1 Zblt c`md ae ~hjxilta~p a~ ldo`m`wt~ltùh e~lohza~c zaxid tbhp ~h|x`~h1

@m dhuhiav`mj v~à~`t`hw gamw`dh~; •

Zblt gx~~hmt ~hwax~ghw glm nh oanì`{hd1

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Zb`gb lgtàmw glm nh nxdjhthd e~ao z`tb`m hr`wt`mj v~aj~loohw1

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Baz glm exmdw nh oanì`{hd `m tbh extx~h ta exmd hrvlmwàm lmd!a~ ldd`tàmli v~aj~loohw1

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Zb`gb lgtàmw gaxid nh wxvva~thd np hr`wt`mj dhuhiavohmt ohgblm`wow1

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Da tbh vai`g`hw v~avawhd ~hwvamd ta tbh ilwt d`wlwth~ a~ ldd~hww gx~~hmt lmd extx~h ~`wc1

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Dahw tbh va~teaià ae v~avawhd vai`g`hw nlilmgh iamj/th~o lmd wba~t/th~o ohlwx~hw ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh ohlwx~hw lmd wt~xgtx~li lmd mam/wt~xgtx~li ohlwx~hw1 Baz zìi tbh wpwtho hmlnih natb oam`ta~`mj lmd v~aj~hww hulixltàm1 Baz glm tbh vxni`g lgghww `mea~oltàm am v~aj~hww1 Zblt v~au`wàmw oxwt nh `mgixdhd `mta atbh~ whgta~w ta eawth~ vh~àd`g ~hu`hz lmd xvdlth ae tbh vai`gp e~lohza~c1

Ta dhth~o`mh v~à~`t`hw ea~ lgtàm gamw`dh~ gamwt~xgt`mj l tlnih a~ *olt~`r* tblt i`wtw vaww`nih gblmjhw ta vai`g`hw lmd v~lgt`ghw lmd v~avawhd `m`t`ltùhw ta ~hdxgh ~`wc- Tbh olt~`r wbaxid `dhmtèp zblt `w ta nh damh zba `w ~hwvamw`nih zblt ~hwax~ghw l~h ta nh gaoo`tthd lmd tbh tòhe~loh-

Tlc`mj l gaov~hbhmwùh lvv~algb L gaov~hbhmwùh vlgcljh ae vai`g`hw lmd v~aj~loohw wbaxid `mgixdh natb wt~xgtx~li lmd mam/wt~xgtx~li ohlwx~hw- L wt~xgtx~li ohlwx~h wxgb lw l v~aj~looh ta dhuhiav l gaooxm`gltàmw wpwtho tblt v~au`dhw ~hli/tòh wh`wo`g a~ bpd~aiaj`gli `mea~oltàm olp nh lggaovlm`hd np mam/wt~xgtx~li ohlwx~hw wxgb lw t~l`m`mj ea~ jauh~mohmt aee`g`liw am baz ta xwh tbh `mea~oltàm `m tbh`~ dhg`wàmw lmd `m ohd`l wcìiw am tbh d`wwho`mltàm ae xwhexi lmd tòhip `mea~oltàm ta tbh vxni`g- A~ l chp nxìd`mj "g`tp aee`gh gi`m`g a~ wgbaai nxìd`mj) gaxid nh ~h`mea~ghd ta nhtth~ z`tbwtlmd wh`wo`g lgtù`tp lw vl~t ae l mltàmz`dh lduaglgp v~aj~looh am ~`wc ~hdxgtàm; wxgb wt~xgtx~li ohlwx~hw l~h uh~p u`w`nih lmd glm nh uh~p heehgtùh lt jhmh~lt`mj lzl~hmhww lmd hmtbxw`lwo lt tbh iagli ihuhi-Wax~gh; ihuhi- Wax~gh; Lw`lm Dhuhiavohmt Nlmc "<00<)

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BEL


G- ^hwvamw`nì`t`hw lmd ~hwax~ghw Zba wbaxid nh `muaiuhd1 @t `w mat lizlpw vaww`nih a~ huhm xwhexi ta `muaiuh huh~pamh- Ta gl~~p tbh hulixltàm lmd vai`gp dhuhiavohmt ea~zl~d gamw`dh~ `mgixd`mj ~hv~hwhmtltùhw e~ao; •

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Vai`t`gli lmd vxni`g wxvva~tHrhgxtùh lmd a~jlm`{ltàmli wxvva~t ea~ tbh hulixltàm lmd gaoo`tohmt ta lm `mth~d`wg`vi`ml~p lmd `mth~/ `mwt`txtàmli thloExmd`mj lmd bxolm ~hwax~ghw ea~ hulixltàm lmd e~lohza~c dhuhiavohmt Lgghww ta dagxohmtl~p wax~ghw wxgb lw ilzw hrhgxtùh a~dh~w ~hjxiltàmw vai`g`hw lmd vilmw3 lmd wtxd`hw ae vlwt d`wlwth~ hrvh~`hmghw lmd ihwwamw ihl~mhd-

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V~à~`t`{h d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd liiaglth lvv~av~`lth ~hwax~ghw

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Zbp `t*w òva~tlmt @ovihohmt`mj wt~hmjtbhmhd a~ mhzip hwtlni`wbhd mltàmli e~lohza~cw zìi honhd d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta tbh dlìp nxw`mhww vai`g`hw lmd lgtàmw ae a~jlm`{ltàmw gamgh~mhd z`tb hgamao`g dhuhiavohmt vauh~tp ~hdxgtàm `me~lwt~xgtx~h avh~ltàm hmu`~amohmtli olmljhohmt hdxgltàm lmd atbh~ ~hihulmt e`hidw- D`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm dhvhmdw am tbh xmdh~wtlmd`mj lmd tbh glvlnì`tp ae wxgb a~jlm`{ltàmw ta vilm lmd òvihohmt tbh lgtù`t`hw oawt ~hihulmt ta tbh`~ wvhgè`g whgta~w-

Baz tb`w tlwc ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw Tb`w tlwc nxìdw am tbh lmlipw`w lmd vilmm`mj damh `m Tlwc <-7- @t `muaiuhw t~l`m`mj zb`gb `w d`wgxwwhd `m oa~h dhtlì `m Tlwc 7-7- @t liwa ~h|x`~hw ltthmtàm ta `mthj~ltàm ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta wvhgè`g whgta~w wxgb lw hmu`~amohmtli lmd wagà/hgamao`g olmljhohmt lw ~hgaoohmdhd `m Gblvth~ 4-

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N- Baz ta da `t ^hgaoohmdhd wthvw Lgtàmw ea~ òvihohmt`mj mltàmli e~lohza~cw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mgixdh; <-

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7-

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V~à~`t`{h d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd liiaglth lvv~av~`lth ~hwax~ghw <-4

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5-

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Da hr`wt`mj `mwt`txtàmw gbl~jhd z`tb d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh "Gblvth~ 8) lmd ~hgauh~p "Tlwc 4-:) xmdh~wtlmd lmd hmjljh `m tbh`~ n~aldh~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw1 Da `mwt`txtàmw gbl~jhd z`tb gùì v~athgtàm lmd tbh wlehtp ae g`t`{hmw lmd tbawh ~hwvamw`nih ea~ hgamao`g lmd wag`li `me~lwt~xgtx~h xmdh~wtlmd lmd lgghvt tbh`~ wvhgè`g d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw ea~ bl{l~d lwwhwwohmt uximh~lnì`tp lmlipw`w o`t`jltàm lmd d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm1

G- ^hwvamw`nì`t`hw lmd ~hwax~ghw Zba wbaxid nh `muaiuhd1 •

Vxni`g hmt`t`hw lmd aee`g`liw tblt ihj`wilth a~ ldavt d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vai`g`hw a~ v~aj~loohw lt mltàmli lmd iagli ihuhiw-

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A~jlm`{ltàmw gbl~jhd z`tb òvihohmtltàm ae jauh~mohmt vai`g`hw lmd v~aj~loohw-

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A~jlm`{ltàmw tblt d`~hgt a~ v~au`dh `mghmtùhw ea~ atbh~w ta tlch lgtàm-

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V~ùlth a~jlm`{ltàmw i`ch ga~va~ltàmw e`mlmg`li `mwt`txtàmw lmd `mwx~h~w-

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Vxni`g/`mth~hwt lduaglthw lmd gaooxm`tp/nlwhd a~jlm`{ltàmw tblt glm lww`wt `m òvihohmtltàm lmd v~au`dh vai`t`gli oaohmtxo-


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<-4 V~à~`t`{h d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd liiaglth lvv~av~`lth ~hwax~ghw

BEL

D- @iixwt~ltàmw @mwt`txtàmli`{`mj tbh ~hwvamwh ta eiaad`mj U`ht Mlo @m ~hwvamwh ta ghmtx~`hw ae eiaadw U`ht Mlo blw dhuhiavhd l gaov~hbhmwùh gaxmt~pz`dh wpwtho ae a~jlm`{ltàmw wt~htgb`mj e~ao ghmt~li ta iagli jauh~mohmt tblt ldd~hww d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- Gaov~`w`mj hihgthd v~au`mg`li d`wt~`gt lmd uìiljh Vhavih*w Gaoo`tthhw lw zhii lw l mhtza~c ae zaohm*w xmàmw tbhwh a~jlm`{ltàmw gamt~`nxth ta tbh v~aovt lmd heehgtùh eiaz ae d`wlwth~ `mea~oltàm Lt tbh ghmt~li jauh~mohmt ihuhi tbh Ghmt~li Gaoo`tthh ea~ Eiaad lmd Wta~o Gamt~ai hwtlni`wbhd `m <006 gl~~`hw axt whuh~li òva~tlmt ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw- @t gaa~d`mlthw z`tb atbh~ a~jlm`{ltàmw ta dhuhiav v~aj~loohw lmd vilmw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm- @t òvihohmtw d`wlwth~ o`t`jltàm- @t liwa gaa~d`mlthw z`tb `mth~mltàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw ta `mg~hlwh gaavh~ltàm `m d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw@m ghmt~li U`ht Mlo dhulwtlt`mj eiaad`mj `m <000 ihd ta tbh hwtlni`wbohmt ae tbh Mltx~li D`wlwth~ O`t`jltàm Vl~tmh~wb`v- Tbh Vl~tmh~wb`v `w lm `mwt`txtàmli l~~lmjhohmt ta ea~oliip elgì`tlth ~hjàmli gaavh~ltàm lmd gaa~d`mltàm- L ohoa~lmdxo ae lj~hhohmt w`jmhd np l mxonh~ ae jauh~mohmt dhvl~tohmtw `mth~mltàmli ljhmg`hw dama~w lmd MJAw v~au`dhw wxvva~t ea~ l ~lmjh ae v~à~`tp v~akhgtw tblt l~h `mgixdhd `m tbh w`jmlta~`hw* dhuhiavohmt wt~lthjp "whh zzz zzz-xmdv-a~j-um!mdovl~tmh~wb`v!MD -xmdv-a~j-um!mdovl~tmh~wb`v!MDO/Vl~tmh~w-bto)O/Vl~tmh~w-bto)@m >66> tbh Jauh~mohmt `mt~adxghd tbh .Iù`mj z`tb Eiaad. gamghvt tblt nhgloh tbh wt~lthjp ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m tbh Ohcamj ^ùh~ Dhitl- Tbh wt~lthjp `mgixdhw wba~t/ ohd`xo/ lmd iamj/th~o ohlwx~hw ta ~hdxgh eiaad ~`wcw zbìh gamt~`nxt`mj ta wagà/hgamao`g wtlnì`tp lmd wxwtl`mlnih dhuhiavohmtEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; Tbh Lw`lm D`wlwth~ V~hvl~hdmhww Ghmth~*w V~òh~ am D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt `m Lw`l >668 vv- 82/0 <58-

Vai`gp gblmjh lmd glvlg`tp/nxìd`mj Oldljlwgl~ Tbh BEL blw nhhm l tx~m`mj va`mt ea~ d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm `m Oldljlwgl~ l gpgiamh/v~amh `wilmd aee tbh waxtb/hlwt galwt ae Le~`gl- Tbh wòvih za~d`mj ae tbh BEL BEL v~au`dhd l gihl~ mhz d`~hgtàm ta d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw xmdh~tlchm np Oldljlwgl~*w Mltàmli ^hi`he Gaxmgì "tbh gaxmt~p*w mltàmli ljhmgp ea~ d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm) lmd tbh Oliljlwp Mltàmli Viltea~o ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàmOldljlwgl~ li~hldp bld l Mltàmli Wt~lthjp ea~ ^`wc lmd D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt- Tbh za~d`mj za~d`mj ae tbh BEL bhivhd Oliljlwp jauh~mohmt aee`g`liw ta d~let tbh jauh~mohmt dhg~hh hmea~g`mj tbh wt~lthjp- Tbh dhg~hh zlw ldavthd `m o`d/>668 v~au`d`mj l whvl~lth mltàmli nxdjht liiagltàm ae XWD >76666 ta tbh Mltàmli ^hi`he Gaxmgì lmd hwtlni`wb`mj l Mltàmli Gaxmgì ea~ D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàmOldljlwgl~ blw tlchm whuh~li atbh~ wthvw ta òvihohmt òv~auhd e~lohza~cw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- Tbh Oliljlwp Mltàmli Viltea~o zlw `muaiuhd `muaiuhd e~ao tbh axtwht `m tbh gaxmt~p*w Vauh~tp Vauh~tp V^WV ~hu`wàm v~aghww- @m Kxip >665 d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm zlw `mthj~lthd `mta tbh Oldljlwgl~ Lgtàm Vilm zb`gb ~hvilghd tbh V^WV tb~axjb l eùh/phl~ lgtàm vilm nlwhd am V~à~`tp 8 ae tbh BEL- @m glvlg`tp/nxìd`mj e~ao Kxip >668 ta Agtanh~ >665 tbh gaxmt~p t~l`mhd 066 chp wxvva~th~w v~aoath~w lmd òvihohmth~w `mgixd`mj jauh~mohmt lmd mam/jauh~mohmtli aee`g`liw ~hi`jàxw ihldh~w lmd kax~mli`wtw `m tbh gaxmt~p*w >> ~hjàmw- Oldljlwgl~ `w `mga~va~lt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta wgbaai gx~~`gxil tb~axjb dhuhiavohmt ae wtxdhmt thrtnaacw lmd l thlgbh~*w jx`dh- Tbh mltàmli viltea~o `w dhuhiav`mj `tw azm zhnw`th ta elgì`tlth `mea~oltàm wbl~`mjGpgiamh Naiahtwh zb`gb b`t waxtbh~m Oldljlwgl~ `m hl~ip >665 ~hwxithd `m ma eltli`t`hw dhoamwt~lt`mj tbh `wilmd*w hmblmghd d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww- Oldljlwgl~ g~hd`tw `tw ~hjàmli wòxiltàm hrh~g`whw gl~~`hd axt ea~ oxit`vih tpvhw ae bl{l~dw lmd `tw dhuhiavohmt ae e`hid/thwthd ~hjàmli gamt`mjhmgp vilmw- Mltàmli viltea~o ohonh~w liwa ~hghùhd t~l`m`mj am d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàmEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t tbh zhnw`th ae tbh Gamwhì Mltàmli dh Whgax~w lt; zzz-oldljlwgl~/gamtlgtw-gao!gmw!

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BEL

V~à~`t`{h d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd liiaglth lvv~av~`lth ~hwax~ghw <-4

D`wlwth~ o`t`jltàm exmd @md`l Tbh D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt Lgt ae @md`l blw g~hlthd whvl~lth exmdw lt tbh mltàmli wtlth lmd iagli ihuhiw tblt l~h lulìlnih hrgixwùhip ea~ tbh vx~vawh ae d`wlwth~ o`t`jltàm- Tbh g~hltàm ae tbhwh exmdw np lm Lgt ae Vl~i`lohmt blw hmwx~hd tblt hlgb ihuhi ae jauh~mohmt dhd`glthw ldh|xlth ~hwax~ghw- Vai`t`gli gaoo`tohmt ea~ wxgb ~hwax~gh liiagltàm blw hoh~jhd axt ae tbh ihwwam ihl~mt e~ao ~hvhlthd d`wlwth~w / `t `w oxgb oa~h hgamao`gli lmd wxwtl`mlnih `m tbh iamj ~xm ta wvhmd am v~h/d`wlwth~ v~huhmtàm lmd o`t`jltàm tblm ta dùh~t ~hwax~ghw ea~ vawt/d`wlwth~ ~hi`he lmd ~hblnì`tltàm@md`l `w dhuhiav`mj ul~àxw d`wlwth~ ~`wc o`t`jltàm v~akhgtw ea~ wvhgè`g d`wlwth~w i`ch gpgiamh hl~tb|xlch lmd ilmdwi`dh- @t `w hrvhgthd tblt lii tbhwh `m`t`ltùhw wblii bluh tbh dhw`~hd heehgt `m tbh iamj ~xm ae ~hdxg`mj tbh ~`wcw ae d`wlwth~w `m tbh gaxmt~p `mbln`thd np amh/w`rtb ae tbh za~id*w vavxiltàmEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t; zzz-m`do-mht!DOQlgt>668-vde

H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj LDN- >668- Giòlth V~aae`mj; L ^`wc/Nlwhd Lvv~algb ta Ldlvtltàm; Wxool~p ea~ Vai`gp lmd Dhg`wàm Olch~wTbh Vbì`vv`mhw; Lw`lm Dhuhiavohmt Nlmc "LDN)- zzz-lw`lmdhunlmc-a~j!Dagxohmtw!^hva~tw!Giòlth/ V~aae`mj!giòlth/v~aae`mj/wxool~p-vde

E~aat C- hd- <000- Tbh E`mlmg`mj ae Gltlwt~avbh ^`wc- Xmùh~w`tp ae Gb`glja V~hww- Gb`glja-

Jlmdh~tam V-T- ht li- >665- .O`t`jltàm Jhmh~lthw Wlu`mjw ae Eax~ ta Amh lmd Hmblmghw Gaooxm`tp ^hwì`hmgh; Oxit`/bl{l~d O`t`jltàm Gaxmgì "OOG) ^hihlwhw @mdhvhmdhmt Wtxdp am Wlu`mjw e~ao Mltx~li Bl{l~d O`t`jltàm-. Mltx~li Bl{l~dw Anwh~uh~ Uai- 76 Ma- 4- vv- 665!ol~65!ol~65-vde

Oxit`/bl{l~d O`t`jltàm Gaxmgì- >668- Mltx~li Bl{l~d O`t`jltàm Wluhw; Lm @mdhvhmdhmt Wtxdp ta Lwwhww tbh Extx~h Wlu`mjw e~ao O`t`jltàm Lgtù`t`hw- Zlwb`mjtam DG; Mltàmli @mwt`txth ae Nxìd`mj Wg`hmghwzzz-eiaadw-a~j!VDE!OOGQUaixoh
XM!@WD^ lmd XMDVXMDV- >665- @mthj~lt`mj D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm `mta GGL lmd XMDLEXMDLE- D~let Jx`dlmgh Mathzzz-xm`wd~-a~j!ggl/xmdle Tb`w math lvv~auhd np tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Dhuhiavohmt J~axv v~au`dhw jx`dlmgh ta Xm`thd Mltàmw gaxmt~p thlow lmd tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw ~hw`dhmt ga/a~d`mlta~ wpwthow am `mthj~lt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta tbh GGL!XMDLE v~aghww-


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<-4 V~à~`t`{h d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd liiaglth lvv~av~`lth ~hwax~ghw

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Za~id Nlmc!@mdhvhmdhmt Hulixltàm J~axv- >665- Bl{l~dw ae Mltx~h ^`wcw ta Dhuhiavohmt- Lm @mdhvhmdhmt Hulixltàm J~axv Hulixltàm ae Za~id Nlmc Lww`wtlmgh ea~ Mltx~li D`wlwth~w- Zlwb`mjtam DG; Tbh Za~id Nlmczzz-za~idnlmc-a~j!`hj!mltx~lid`wlwth~w!dagw!mltx~liQd`wlwth~wQhulixltàm-vde Tbh ~hva~t gliiw ea~ mhz tb`mc`mj tblt `mthj~lthw v~hd`gtlnih d`wlwth~ ~`wcw `mta dhuhiavohmt v~aj~loohw lmd gamgixdhw tblt `t `w vaww`nih ta lmt`g`vlth zbh~h olmp d`wlwth~w zìi wt~`ch pht hrv~hwwhw gamgh~mw tblt tbh Za~id Nlmc*w d`wlwth~ lww`wtlmgh heea~tw l~h xmdh~xtì`{`mj tbhwh u`tli ièhwlu`mj ea~hglwtwZhnw`thw @mea~oltàm am exmd`mj ea~ ldlvtltàm ta giòlth gblmjh lgtù`t`hw xmdh~ tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw E~lohza~c Gamuhmtàm am Giòlth Gblmjh; •

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Tbh Ihlwt Dhuhiavhd Gaxmt~`hw Exmd blw li~hldp wxvva~thd tbh dhuhiavohmt ae Mltàmli Ldlvtltàm V~aj~loohw ae Lgtàm "MLVL) bttv;!!xmeggg-`mt!ldlvtltàm!mlvlw!`thow!>5:0-vbv) np tbh Ihlwt Dhuhiavhd Gaxmt~`hw "IDGw) xw`mj jx`dhi`mhw d~lzm xv np tbh IDG Hrvh~t J~axv- Tbh MLVLw l~h wxvvawhd ta `dhmtèp x~jhmt lmd òohd`lth ldlvtltàm lgtàmw mhhdhd `m hlgb gaxmt~p lmd v~au`dh l v~à~`t`{hd i`wt ae ldlvtltàm v~akhgtwbttv;!!xmeggg-`mt!gaavh~ltàmQlmdQwxvva~t!e`mlmg`liQohgblm`wo!ihlwtQdhuhiavhdQgaxmt~pQexmd!`thow!7556-vbv Tbh Wvhg`li Giòlth Gblmjh Exmd `w ea~ lii dhuhiav`mj gaxmt~`hw lmd gauh~w ldlvtltàm lmd atbh~ lgtù`t`hw wxgb lw thgbmaiajp t~lmweh~ o`t`jltàm lmd hgamao`g dùh~wè`gltàmbttv;!!xmeggg-`mt!gaavh~ltàmQlmdQwxvva~t!e`mlmg`liQohgblm`wo!wvhg`liQgiòlthQgblmjhQexmd!`thow!758:-vbv Tbh Ldlvtltàm Exmd `w ohlmt ta wxvva~t *gamg~hth ldlvtltàm* lgtù`t`hwbttv;!!xmeggg-`mt!gaavh~ltàmQlmdQwxvva~t!e`mlmg`liQohgblm`wo!`thow!7580-vbv Tbh Wt~lthj`g V~à~`tp am Ldlvtltàm zlw ~hghmtip hwtlni`wbhd np tbh Jianli Hmu`~amohmt Elgì`tp "JHE)- @t gamtl`mw XWD 86 oìiàm e~ao tbh JHE*w azm t~xwt exmdw ta wxvva~t vìat ldlvtltàm lgtù`t`hw auh~ tb~hh phl~wzzz-xmdv-a~j!jhe!ldlvtltàm!exmdw!64gQ`-bto


Gblvth~ >- @ov~au`mj ~`wc `mea~oltàm lmd hl~ip zl~m`mj

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@ovihohmt`mj V~à~`tp > ~h|x`~hw tbh gaiihgtàm lmd xwh ae dltl am d`wlwth~ ~`wcw lmd bhmgh tbh dhuhiavohmt lmd ol`mthmlmgh ae glvlg`t`hw lmd `me~lwt~xgtx~h ta anwh~uh lmlipwh lmd ea~hglwt bl{l~dw uximh~lnì`t`hw lmd d`wlwth~ òvlgtw- @t `muaiuhw tbh xwh ae ~`wc olvw wtlt`wt`gli iaww `mea~oltàm lmd wpwthow ae `md`glta~w ae ~`wc lmd uximh~lnì`tp5- @t ~h|x`~hw dhuhiav`mj hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow tblt l~h vhavih/ghmt~hd lmd zhii `mthj~lthd `mta dhg`wàm/olc`mj v~aghwwhw- @t gliiw ea~ tbh lwwhwwohmt oam`ta~`mj lmd avhm hrgblmjh ae `mea~oltàm am ~hjàmli lmd hoh~j`mj ~`wcw lmd tbh ~lv`d d`wwho`mltàm ae hl~ip zl~m`mjw- ^hjàmli lmd `mth~mltàmli gaavh~ltàm liwa olp nh mhhdhd ta lwwhww lmd oam`ta~ ~hjàmli lmd t~lmwnaxmdl~p bl{l~dw- E`mliip `t ~h|x`~hw tbh hmjljhohmt ae iagli gaooxm`t`hw zb`gb l~h tbh hmd xwh~w ae lmp wpwtho lmd oxwt nh exiip `muaiuhd lt lii wtljhw- Olmp hihohmtw ae Gblvth~ > l~h giawhip i`mchd z`tb Gblvth~ 8; Wt~hmjtbhm`mj d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww ea~ heehgtùh ~hwvamwh lmd z`tb Gblvth~ 4Wtlthw glm xmdh~tlch l mxonh~ ae tlwcw ta òvihohmt V~à~`tp >- Tb`w gblvth~ ~hgaoohmdw tbh eaiiaz`mj tlwcw; >-<- Hwtlni`wb lm `m`t`ltùh ea~ gaxmt~pz`dh ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw>->- ^hu`hz tbh lulìlnì`tp ae ~`wc/~hilthd `mea~oltàm lmd tbh glvlg`t`hw ea~ dltl gaiihgtàm lmd xwh>-7- Lwwhww glvlg`t`hw lmd wt~hmjtbhm hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow>-4- Dhuhiav gaooxm`gltàm lmd d`wwho`mltàm ohgblm`wow ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc `mea~oltàm lmd hl~ip zl~m`mjTbh eaiiaz`mj `md`glta~w l~h wxjjhwthd lw vaww`nih ohlmw ea~ lwwhww`mj v~aj~hww `m òvihohmt`mj tb`w v~à~`tp; •

Mltàmli ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw nlwhd am bl{l~d dltl lmd uximh~lnì`tp `mea~oltàm l~h lulìlnih lmd `mgixdh ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw ea~ chp whgta~w-

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Wpwthow l~h `m vilgh ta oam`ta~ l~gbùh lmd d`wwho`mlth dltl am chp bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnì`t`hw-

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Hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow l~h `m vilgh ea~ lii olka~ bl{l~dw-

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Hl~ip zl~m`mjw ~hlgb lmd wh~uh vhavih lt tbh gaooxm`tp ihuhi-

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Tbh `mea~oltàm ~h|x`~hd ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mgixdhw |xlmt`tltùh dltl am tbh vbpw`gli wag`li hgamao`g lmd hmu`~amohmtli elgta~w tblt l~h ~hihulmt ta bl{l~dw lmd tbh`~ òvlgtw am gaooxm`t`hw- Jhavbpw`gli dltl olp mhhd ta nh jltbh~hd gamt`mxaxwip gamt`mxaxwip zbh~hlw wagà/hgamao`g dltl wxgb lw vavxiltàm gilww htbm`g`tp jhmdh~ jhmdh~ ljh vbpw`gli lnì`tp lmd ~hi`jàm wbaxid nh jltbh~hd vh~àd`gliip tb~axjb wlovi`mj wx~uhpw lw vl~t ae mltàmli wtlt`wt`gli wx~uhpw ae wvhg`li ~hwhl~gb- \xli`tp lwwx~lmgh wpwthow lmd lgghww`nih dltlnlwhw l~h hwwhmt`li hihohmtw ae jaad dltl v~aj~loohw-


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BEL

Hwtlni`wb lm `m`t`ltùh ea~ gaxmt~pz`dh ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw

L- Xmdh~wtlmd`mj tbh tlwc Zblt*w tbh vx~vawh ae tb`w tlwc1 Tb`w tlwc lòw ta `m`t`lth gaxmt~pz`dh ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw- Tbhwh lwwhwwohmtw zìi eìi jlvw `m xwh~w* cmazihdjh ae ~`wcw lmd np v~au`d`mj l oa~h gaovihth lmd ~hjxil~ip xvdlthd v`gtx~h ae tbh gaxmt~p*w ~`wc liiaz dhg`wàm/olch~w ta nhtth~ wht v~à~`t`hw ea~ lgtàm-

Zbp `t*w òva~tlmt ^`wc lwwhwwohmtw `dhmtèp natb tbh bl{l~dw ta zb`gb tbh gaxmt~p `w hrvawhd lmd tbh gaxmt~p*w uximh~lnì`t`hw hmlni`mj xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae tbh jhaj~lvb`g lmd whgta~li d`wt~`nxtàm ae ~`wc^`wc lmlipw`w hmgaovlwwhw tbh wpwtholt`g lmd vh~àd`g xvdlth ae dltl taaiw lmd `mea~oltàm ta `dhmtèp olv lmd oam`ta~ bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnì`t`hw- ^`wc lwwhwwohmt lmd lmlipw`w l~h ~h|x`~hd wthvw ea~ tbh dhuhiavohmt lmd òvihohmtltàm ae wxgghwwexi d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm vai`g`hw lmd ohlwx~hw- Loamj atbh~ tb`mjw tbhp l~h l nlw`w ea~ tbh `dhmtè`gltàm ae heehgtùh wt~xgtx~li lmd mam/wt~xgtx~li o`t`jltàm ohlwx~hw- ^`wc lwwhwwohmt lmd lmlipw`w oxwt nh natb wpwtholt`g lmd xvdlthd lw aethm lw vaww`nih ta oltgb tbh gblmj`mj mltx~h ae ~`wc^`wcw l~`wh e~ao tbh gaon`mltàm ae bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnì`t`hw lt l vl~t`gxil~ iagltàm lmd tòh- Lwwhwwohmtw ae ~`wc ~h|x`~h wpwtholt`g gaiihgtàm lmd lmlipw`w ae dltl lmd wbaxid gamw`dh~ tbh dpmlo`g mltx~h ae bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnì`t`hw tblt l~`wh e~ao v~aghwwhw wxgb lw x~nlm`{ltàm ~x~li ilmd/xwh gblmjh x~nlm dhuhiavohmt hmu`~amohmtli dhj~ldltàm lmd giòlth gblmjh^`wc lwwhwwohmtw lmd olvw hwvhg`liip tbhwh xmdh~tlchm `m l vl~t`g`vlta~p olmmh~ bhiv ta oatùlth vhavih v~à~`t`{h hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwtho mhhdw lmd jx`dh v~hvl~ltàmw ea~ d`wlwth~ v~huhmtàm lmd ~hwvamwhw-

Th~o`maiajp Hihohmtw lt ~`wc; Tbh hihohmtw lt ~`wc `mgixdh lmptb`mj tblt glm nh dloljhd / vhavih `me~lwt~xgtx~h g~avw naltw uhb`gihw htg- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp) Hrvawx~h; Hrvawx~h `w tbh dhj~hh ta zb`gb tbh hihohmtw lt ~`wc l~h i`chip ta hrvh~`hmgh bl{l~d huhmtw ae dèeh~hmt oljm`txdhw- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp) Uximh~lnì`tp; Tbh gamd`tàmw dhth~o`mhd np vbpw`gli wag`li hgamao`g lmd hmu`~amohmtli elgta~w a~ v~aghwwhw zb`gb `mg~hlwh tbh wxwghvt`nì`tp ae l gaooxm`tp ta tbh òvlgt ae bl{l~dw- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp) ^`wc; Tbh v~anlnì`tp ae bl~oexi gamwh|xhmghw a~ hrvhgthd iawwhw "dhltbw `mkx~`hw v~avh~tp iùhi`baadw hgamao`g lgtù`tp d`w~xvthd a~ hmu`~amohmt dloljhd) ~hwxit`mj e~ao `mth~lgtàmw nhtzhhm mltx~li a~ bxolm/ `mdxghd bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnih gamd`tàmw- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp) Bl{l~d lmlipw`w; @dhmtè`gltàm wtxd`hw lmd oam`ta~`mj ae lmp bl{l~d ta dhth~o`mh `tw vathmt`li a~`j`m gbl~lgth~`wt`gw lmd nhbluàx~"Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp)

Baz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw Tb`w tlwc `w ~hilthd ta Tlwc >-> zb`gb hulixlthw tbh lulìlnih ~`wc/~hilthd `mea~oltàm lmd tbh gaxmt~p glvlg`t`hw ea~ dltl gaiihgtàm lmd xwh- @t v~au`dhw `mea~oltàm tblt glm bhiv wtlthw lwwhww glvlg`t`hw lmd wt~hmjtbhm hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow lw wxjjhwthd `m Tlwc >-7- Tb`w tlwc `w liwa giawhip i`mchd z`tb ldh|xlth v~hvl~hdmhww lgtù`t`hw d`wgxwwhd `m Gblvth~ 8-


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>-< Hwtlni`wb lm `m`t`ltùh ea~ gaxmt~pz`dh ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw

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@dhmtèp chp chp mltàmli jauh~mohmt ljhmg`hw ~hwhl~gb ghmt~hw ghmt~hw hrvh~tw lmd v~lgt`tàmh~w `muaiuhd `m bl{l~d lmd uximh~lnì`tp lwwhwwohmtw lmd olv tbh`~ ~aihw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw-

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Z`tb hrvh~t thlo ~hu`hz hr`wt`mj ~`wc lwwhwwohmt wtxd`hw / natb bl{l~d `dhmtè`gltàm lmd uximh~lnì`tp lmlipwhw / lmd `dhmtèp g~`t`gli jlvw `m cmazihdjh ae ~`wcw•

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Eagxw am l~hlw oawt hrvawhd ta ~`wc lmd l~hlw zbh~h gamwh|xhmghw ae l bl{l~d huhmt gaxid nh gltlwt~avb`g "h-j- tbh il~jhwt x~nlm ljjiaoh~ltàmw a~ chp hgamao`g l~hlw ae tbh gaxmt~p)Gamw`dh~ wvlt`li dhoaj~lvb`g a~ atbh~ gblmjhw `m tbh nxìt a~ wvlt`li hmu`~amohmt w`mgh v~huàxw lmlipwhw-

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Dhuhiav mltàmli wtlmdl~dw lmd v~aghdx~hw ea~ tbh wpwtholt`g gaiihgtàm wbl~`mj lmd lwwhwwohmt ae bl{l~d lmd uximh~lnì`tp dltl- Wpmgb~am`{h tbh wtlmdl~dw z`tb mh`jbnax~`mj gaxmt~`hw a~ ~hjàmw-

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Dhuhiav l wt~lthjp ta hmjljh lii whgta~w `m iagli bl{l~d lmd uximh~lnì`tp lmlipwhw-

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Hwtlni`wb l v~aghww ta ~hu`hz lmd xvdlth ~`wc dltl ~hjxil~ip `mga~va~lt`mj `mea~oltàm am lmp mhz a~ hoh~j`mj uximh~lnì`t`hw lmd bl{l~dw- Hmwx~h tblt xvdlthd `mea~oltàm `w z`dhip lulìlnih-

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Dhuhiav `mthj~lthd bl{l~d olvw ta `dhmtèp tbh jhaj~lvb`gli l~hlw lmd gaooxm`t`hw lt ~`wc-

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Gamdxgt iagli gaooxm`tp uximh~lnì`tp lmd glvlg`tp lwwhwwohmtw- Gamw`dh~ wag`li hgamao`g vbpw`gli lmd hmu`~amohmtli uximh~lnì`tp elgta~w wxgb lw jhmdh~ d`wlnì`tp lgghww ta `me~lwt~xgtx~h hgamao`g dùh~w`tp lmd hmu`~amohmtli whmw`tù`t`hw- Dagxohmt lmd olv glvlg`t`hw lmd uximh~lnì`t`hw-

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Gbl~lgth~`{h lmd v~à~`t`{h mltx~li bl{l~dw tblt glm òvlgt tbh gaxmt~p lt iagli ~hjàmli lmd mltàmli ihuhiw "h-j- `mthmw`tp e~h|xhmgp lmd v~anlnì`tp)- @mgixdh b`wta~`gli dltl `m pax~ hulixltàm-

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Dhuhiav ~`wc lmlipwhw `mgixd`mj bl{l~dw `dhmtè`gltàm lmd uximh~lnì`tp lmlipw`w- @mthj~lth tbh ~hwxitw ae tbh ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw `mta iagli ~`wc olmljhohmt vilmwXwh jhaj~lvb`g `mea~oltàm wpwthow lmd ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj waetzl~h!lvvi`gltàmw lw lvv~av~`lth-

<6- Lwwhww tbh `mth~lgtàm ae bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnì`t`hw ta dhth~o`mh tbh ~`wcw elghd np ul~àxw iagltàmw a~ whjohmtw ae tbh vavxiltàm- @dhmtèp lgtù`t`hw lw zhii lw wag`li lmd vai`t`gli v~aghwwhw tblt `mg~hlwh a~ dhg~hlwh tbhwh ~`wcw-

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L za~d am olmlj`mj olmlj`mj tbh v~aghww v~aghww ^`wc lwwhwwohmtw v~aghhd `m wthvw iaac`mj wh|xhmt`liip lt bl{l~dw hrvawx~h uximh~lnì`tp ~`wc lmd glvlg`tp- Tbh bl{l~dw mhhd ta nh `dhmtè`hd lmd tbhm tbh gbl~lgth~`wt`gw tblt glm ihld ta iawwhw ae iùhw lmd v~avh~tp mhhd ta nh d`ljmawhd- Amgh tbh ~`wcw ae iawwhw l~h `dhmtè`hd lgta~w glm vh~ea~o l *glvlg`tp lwwhwwohmt* "vl~t ae Tlwc >-7)3 tblt `w tbhp glm lwwhww zblt wvhgè`g glvlg`t`hw l~h `m vilgh lmd l~h mhhdhd ta olmljh tbh ~`wcw ae tbh vathmt`li iawwhw- Tbh ~hwxitw v~au`dh l nlw`w ea~ glvlg`tp dhuhiavohmt lmd atbh~ tpvhw ae v~aj~lowTbhwh ~`wc lwwhwwohmt wtxd`hw glm nh gawtip lmd tlch tòh "gaovihr wtxd`hw glm tlch whuh~li phl~w) wa `t `w òva~tlmt ta nh ~hli`wt`g zbhm whtt`mj v~à~`t`hw lmd vilmm`mj tbh za~cTbh ~hwxitw ae ~`wc lwwhwwohmt wtxd`hw glm nh b`jbip thgbm`gli lmd dèe`gxit ta `mth~v~ht np mam/hrvh~tw- Tbxw `t `w bhivexi ta bluh tbh wxvva~t ae lm hrvh~t nal~d ta `mth~v~ht tbh ~hwxitw ea~ ul~àxw d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt lvvi`gltàmw `mgixd`mj lzl~hmhww/~l`w`mj o`t`jltàm v~hvl~hdmhww ~hwvamwh a~ ~hgauh~p vilmm`mjTa v~aghww tbh il~jh loaxmt ae dltl tblt glm nh jhmh~lthd gaovxth~ v~aj~loohw v~au`dh b`jb/~hwaixtàm ~`wc `mea~oltàm- Aethm bazhuh~ ~`wc lwwhwwohmt dahw mat mhhd ta ~hip am wxgb wavb`wt`glthd taaiw- Jaad lvv~aròltàm ae ~`wc glm nh v~adxghd z`tb wòvih ohtbadw wxgb lw e~h|xhmgp uh~wxw whuh~`tp wglihw gaon`m`mj ul~àxw bl{l~dw- @m lioawt lii glwhw mhuh~tbhihww hrvh~t`wh `w mhhdhd ea~ lmlipw`w `mth~v~htltàm lmd



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Hwtlni`wb lm `m`t`ltùh ea~ gaxmt~pz`dh ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw >-<

<<- Gamwxit z`tb lii whgta~w ta hmwx~h ~`wc `mea~oltàm `w gaov~hbhmwùh lmd `mgixdhw b`wta~`gli lmd `md`jhmaxw cmazihdjh<>- Dhuhiav l wht ae jhmdh~/lzl~h `md`glta~w ta ohlwx~h v~aj~hww `m ~`wc lwwhwwohmt lmd ~`wc `dhmtè`gltàm tblt glm nh xwhd np ul~àxw ljhmg`hw lmd gaooxm`t`hw `m gaooxm`glt`mj lmd xmdh~wtlmd`mj tbh`~ ~`wc v~aeìhw<7- Dhuhiav vlvh~w lmd vai`gp dagxohmtw z`tb ~hgaoohmdltàmw ~hgaoohmdltàmw lmd l wt~lthj`g vilm tblt glm wh~uh lw l nlw`w ea~ ~hwax~gh liiagltàm lmd ea~ òv~auhohmt ae ~`wc hulixltàm v~aj~loohw- D`wt~`nxth tbh ~hwxitw ta lii ihuhiw ae jauh~mohmt lmd ta tbh vxni`g `m a~dh~ ta ~l`wh ~`wc lzl~hmhww-


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Tbh hrvh~tw ta nh `muaiuhd ul~p w`jmè`glmtip z`tb tbh tpvh ae ~`wc lwwhwwohmtTa `dhmtèp bl{l~dw hrvh~tw z`tb glvlg`tp `m wg`hmtè`g dltl gaiihgtàm lmd cmazihdjh dhuhiavohmt l~h ~h|x`~hd- ^hihulmt j~axvw `mgixdh tbh ohtha~aiaj`gli wh~u`gh jhaiaj`gli lmd hl~tb wg`hmgh `mwt`txthw lgldho`l v~aehwwàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw lmd `mwx~lmghTa lwwhww gaooxm`tp uximh~lnì`tp lmd glvlg`tp gaooxm`tp j~axvw lmd a~jlm`{ltàmw wbaxid nh `muaiuhd liamj z`tb wag`li wg`hmgh `mwt`txtàmw lmd hrvh~tw lw zhii lw hrvh~tw `m hulixlt`mj gblmjhw lmd hrvawx~h `m tbh nxìt hmu`~amohmt lmd `me~lwt~xgtx~hHmu`~amohmtli olmljh~w wbaxid nh `muaiuhd ta lwwhww òvlgt ta tbh hmu`~amohmt e~ao hr`wt`mj v~lgt`ghw-


Gx~~hmt lmd gaovlt`nih dltl z`tb wbl~hd a~ avhm lgghww-

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Hrhgxtùh lmd a~jlm`{ltàmli wxvva~t ea~ tbh `m`t`ltùh-

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Exmd`mj lmd bxolm ~hwax~ghw `mgixd`mj lt iagli ihuhiw-

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Lgghww ta hrvh~t`wh ea~ tbh lwwhwwohmt lmd tbh `mth~v~htltàm ae thgbm`gli `mea~oltàm L oxit`d`wg`vi`ml~p oxit`vih/a~jlm`{ltàm thlo lvv~algb tblt gamwt~xgtùhip hmjljhw tbh ul~àxw ljhmg`hw `m tbh v~aghwwXmdh~wtlmd`mj ae tbh gx~~hmt mltàmli v~aghww ea~ ~`wc lwwhwwohmt natb z`tb`m tbh gaxmt~p lmd axtw`dh tbh gaxmt~p "h-j- ~hjàmli ~hwhl~gb ghmt~hw `mth~mltàmli ljhmg`hw)-

D- @iixwt~ltàmw Uximh~lnì`tp Ltilw) @md`l Lioawt tbh hmt`~h ilmd olww ae @md`l `w v~amh ta amh a~ oa~h ae tbh bl{l~dw ae hl~tb|xlch ilmdwi`dh eiaad lmd gpgiamh- @m a~dh~ ta wxvva~t dhuhiavohmt ae heehgtùh vilmw ea~ d`wlwth~ v~huhmtàm lmd o`t`jltàm lt mltàmli wtlth lmd iagli ihuhiw @md`l blw olvvhd oawt ae `tw bl{l~d {amhw- @t blw g~hlthd olvw `m lvv~av~`lth wglih


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lmd `mgixdhd wagà/hgamao`g lmd baxw`mj gamd`tàm dltl dh~ùhd e~ao tbh ghmwxw- Tb`w za~c blw g~hlthd tbh xm`|xh Uximh~lnì`tp Ltilw ae @md`lTbh Uximh~lnì`tp Ltilw v~au`dhw dhtlìhd bl{l~d olvw ae wtlthw lmd d`wt~`gtw lg~aww tbh hmt`~h gaxmt~p liamj z`tb baxw`mj ~`wc tlnihw ea~ whttihohmtw- @t wh~uhw lw l jx`dh ea~ dhuhiavohmt ae o`g~a/ihuhi lgtàm vilmw zb`gb ~hdxgh tbh òvlgt ae mltx~li bl{l~dw- Lzl~hmhww ae tbh Ltilw blw j~hltip bhivhd baxwhbaidw d`wlwth~ olmljh~w lmd wtlth d`wt~`gt lmd iagli ldo`m`wt~ltàmw ta nhtth~ xmdh~wtlmd tbh`~ ~hwvhgtùh ~aihw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw `m v~h/d`wlwth~ lgtàmwWtlth Jauh~mohmtw lmd iagli lxtba~`t`hw l~h xw`mj tbh Ltilw ta wt~hmjtbhm ~hjxilta~p e~lohza~cw np wx`tlnip lohmd`mj nxìd`mj np/ilzw lw zhii lw olwth~ vilmm`mj lmd ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj ~hjxiltàmw- Tbhp l~h liwa xw`mj `t ta v~aoath d`wlwth~/~hw`wtlmt dhw`jm lmd gamwt~xgtàm v~lgt`ghw- Natb tbh ohtbadaiaj`hw dhuhiavhd ea~ uximh~lnì`tp lmd ~`wc lwwhwwohmt lmd tbh thgbm`gli jx`dhi`mhw ea~ wleh gamwt~xgtàmw wbaz b`jb vathmt`li ea~ t~lmweh~ ldlvtltàm lmd ~hvi`gltàm `m ul~p`mj gamd`tàmwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; Uximh~lnì`tp Ltilw ae @md`l; Wtlth/z`wh Bl{l~d Olvw lmd D`wt~`gt/z`wh ^`wc Tlnihw >66: >md Hd`tàm- zzz-notvg-a~j!d`wlwth~-bto zzz-notvg-a~j!d`wlwth~-bto

Wpwtholt`g ~`wc `mea~oltàm gaiihgtàm) Tx~chp Tx~chp glvtx~hw gltliajxhw lmd d`wwho`mlthw dhtlìhd `mea~oltàm am nxìd`mj gamwt~xgtàm tb~axjbaxt tbh gaxmt~p- @mea~oltàm gaiihgthd `mgixdhw nxìd`mj iagltàm mxonh~ ae eiaa~w tatli l~hl nxìt l~hl gamwt~xgtàm olth~`li "gamg~hth zaad olwam~p htg-) lmd ljh- Tbh hr`wthmgh ae wxgb dhtlìhd dltl hmlnihw hmj`mhh~w ta xmdh~tlch lggx~lth iaww hulixltàmw e~ao bl{l~dw np wòvièp`mj "lmd `m waoh glwhw hiò`mlt`mj) tbh dltl gaiihgtàm v~aghww mhhdhd ea~ hwtòltàmw ae vathmt`li nxìd`mj dloljh- Hmj`mhh~w liwa glm t~lgc `mg~hlwhw `m uximh~lnì`tp tb~axjb tbh phl~w@m ldd`tàm tbh @wtlmnxi Oht~avai`tlm Oxm`g`vli`tp v~au`dhw `tw azm dhtlìhd nxìd`mj wtlt`wt`gw np mh`jbnax~baadTbh b`jb ihuhi ae ~hwaixtàm liiazw ea~ tbh hulixltàm ae ul~àxw ~`wcw lmd ea~ d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm vilmm`mj- @t hmlnihw ~`wc wtxd`hw np mh`jbnax~baad z`tb hwtòlthw natb ea~ ihuhiw ae dloljh ta nxìd`mjw lmd glwxlit`hw- @t blw liwa hmlnihd wtxd`hw ae vathmt`li ilmdwi`dhw lmd i`|xhelgtàm lt b`jb ~hwaixtàm lmd atbh~ wtxd`hw ~hilthd ta eilwb eiaadwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t; Nxìd`mj Gamwt~xgtàm Wtlt`wt`gw Wtlth @mwt`txth ae Wtlt`wt`gw ^hvxni`g ae Tx~chp V~òh O`m`wt~p Lmcl~l Tx~chpzzz-d`h-jau-t~!plp`m

Lvvi`gltàmw lmd ldulmtljhw ae bl{l~d olvw) Klvlm E~ao tbh <056w ta tbh <026w Klvlm*w x~nlm dhuhiavohmt ihd ta tbh hr`wthmgh ae mxoh~axw dhmwhip vavxilthd l~hlw lt ~`wc ae d`wlwth~ vl~t`gxil~ip am bìiw `m tbh u`g`m`tp ae olka~ g`t`hw- Tbh Klvlmhwh jauh~mohmt blw ~hgajm`{hd tbh mhghww`tp ae `dhmtèp`mj wxgb w`thw lmd lmlip{`mj tbh ~`wcw- Leth~ dhgldhw ae wt~hmxaxw heea~t 44 vh~ ghmt ae lii oxm`g`vli`t`hw z`tb whdòhmt ~hilthd d`wlwth~/v~amh w`thw bluh dhuhiavhd bl{l~d olvw lmd oldh tbho vxni`g- Oxm`g`vli`t`hw za~c ta chhv vhavih `mea~ohd lnaxt bl{l~d olvw np huh~p vaww`nih ohlmw nhglxwh olmp vhavih da mat vlp ltthmtàm ta tbh olvw dx~`mj mam/d`wlwth~ tòhw- Waoh vxt bl{l~d olvw am zhnw`thwAtbh~w whmd d`~hgt olì ta hlgb eloìp iù`mj z`tb`m bl{l~d/v~amh l~hlw Ldd`tàmliip `m >66< Klvlm hmlgthd tbh Whdòhmt/^hilthd D`wlwth~ V~huhmtàm Lgt- Tb`w Lgt ~hwt~`gtw mhz dhuhiavohmt ea~ baxw`mj lmd atbh~ vx~vawhw v~aoathw ~hiagltàm ae hr`wt`mj baxwhw lmd dhuhiavw hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow ea~ ~hw`dhmtw z`tb`m bl{l~d l~hlwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t; Lw`lm D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm Ghmth~ "LD^G) Tatli D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt Jaad V~lgt`ghw zzz zzz-ld~g-a~-kv!vxni`gltàmw!TD^ -ld~g-a~-kv!vxni`gltàmw!TDÔ>668!TDÔQJaadQV~lgt`ghw!@mdhr-btoi O>668!TDÔQJaadQV~lgt`ghw!@mdhr-btoi

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Hwtlni`wb lm `m`t`ltùh ea~ gaxmt~pz`dh ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw >-<

^`wc lwwhwwohmt z`tb ~x~li vavxiltàmw) Htbàv`l lmd Chmpl L thlo ae Xm`thd Wtlthw ~hwhl~gbh~w dhuhiavhd l wòvih nxt wpwtholt`g lvv~algb ta gilwwèp`mj lmd a~dh~`mj tbh wax~ghw ae ~`wc elghd np vlwta~li`wt vavxiltàmw `m l~`d lmd who`/l~`d d`wt~`gtw ae waxtbh~m Htbàv`l lmd ma~tbh~m Chmpl- Tbh ~hwhl~gbh~w g~hlthd l ~anxwt vl~t`g`vlta~p ohtbad tblt zlw ihww gawtip lmd tòh/ gamwxo`mj tblm exii wx~uhpw- Tbh ohtbad `muaiuhw tza wtljhw; e`~wt `dhmtèp`mj ~`wcw lmd tbhm ~lmc`mj tbho- Tbh e`~wt wtljh zlw lgb`huhd xw`mj lm avhm/hmdhd |xhwtàmml`~h- Tbh ~hwhl~gbh~w hovblw`{hd ta tbh vlwta~li`wt `mea~olmtw tblt tbhp gaxid hlgb i`wt lw olmp v~anihow lw tbhp z`wbhd lmd wbaxid `dhmtèp tbhwh tb~axjb d`wgxwwàmw loamjwt tbhowhiuhw- Tbh whgamd wtljh xwhd l wòvih mxoh~`gli ~lmc`mj ohtbad ta j~axv tbh ~`wcw `m a~dh~ ae whuh~`tp- ^`wcw tbaxjbt ta nh h|xliip whuh~h gaxid nh ~lmchd h|xliip- Leth~ tbhp bld damh tbh ~lmc`mj `mea~olmtw zh~h lwchd ta d`wgxww hlgb ~`wc `m tx~m hrvil`m`mj baz tbhp dhlit z`tb tbh v~aniho a~ zbp tbhp ma iamjh~ gaxid lmd baz tbhp zaxid i`ch ta auh~gaoh `tTbh ~`wc lwwhwwohmt ohtbad hulixlthd tbh `mg`dhmgh ae l ~`wc lgga~d`mj ta tbh v~ava~tàm ae vl~t`g`vlmtw zba `dhmtè`hd `t- @t lwwhwwhd whuh~`tp ae ~`wc tb~axjb l oltbholt`gli gligxiltàm tblt t~lmwilthd tbh `mea~olmtw* vh~ghvtàmw `mta l wòvih ~`wc wglih- E`md`mjw gaxid nh viatthd am olvw ta `dhmtèp l~hlw lmd j~axvw lt ~`wcD`wljj~hjltàm np ljh jhmdh~ zhlitb lmd atbh~ wagà/hgamao`g gbl~lgth~`wt`gw zlw liwa vaww`nihTbh ohtbad zlw thwthd `m tbh e`hid auh~ w`r oamtbw `m <002 `muaiu`mj <>6 j~axvw "80 j~axvw ae zaohm 5< ae ohm)- Tbh ~hwvamwhw `dhmtè`hd <8 olka~ wax~ghw ae ~`wc ~lmj`mj e~ao lulìlnì`tp ae eaad lmd zlth~ ta nlmd`t~pTbh oawt e~h|xhmtip ohmtàmhd v~anihow zh~h `mwhgx~h lgghww ta eaad lmd zlth~ iùhwtagc d`whlwh lmd lgghww ta bhlitb gi`m`gw- Eaad lmd zlth~ wba~tljh zh~h tbh amip ~`wcw ohmtàmhd np l olka~`tp ae `mea~olmtw `md`glt`mj tblt tbh hrthmt ae tbh atbh~ ~`wcw ul~`hd gamw`dh~lnip lg~aww tbh ~hjàm lmd `tw vavxiltàm huhm tbaxjb waoh "ea~ `mwtlmgh olil~`l lmd gamei`gt) zh~h gh~tl`mip whuh~h `m vilghwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; C- Wo`tb ht li- Vl~t`g`vlta~p ^`wc Olvv`mj ea~ Tl~jht`mj ^hwhl~gb lmd Lww`wtlmgh; Z`tb lm Hrlovih e~ao Hlwt Le~`glm Vlwta~li`wtw jig~wv-xgdlu`w-hdx!v~akhgtw!v~akhgtQwxnvljhw!VÔVQeaidh~!VÔV~vt7-btoi-

H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj Ganx~m L-Z- L-Z- Wvhmgh ^-K-W- lmd Vaoam`w L- <004- Uximh~lnì`tp lmd ^`wc Lwwhwwohmt- XMDV lmd D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt T~l`m`mj V~aj~looh "DOTV)- >md hd`tàm- Glon~`djh Xm`thd C`mjdao; Glon~`djh L~gb`thgtx~li ^hwhl~gb Iò`thdzzz zzz-xmdotv-a~j!hmji`wb!uximh~lnì`tpQ~`wclwwhwwohmt!uximh~lnì`tp-vde -xmdotv-a~j!hmji`wb!uximh~lnì`tpQ~`wclwwhwwohmt!uximh~lnì`tp-vde Dìihp O- ht li- >668- Mltx~li D`wlwth~ Batwvatw; L Jianli ^`wc Lmlipw`w- Zlwb`mjtam Zlwb`mjtam DG; @mth~mltàmli Nlmc ea~ ^hgamwt~xgtàm lmd Dhuhiavohmt!Tbh Za~id Nlmc lmd Gaixon`l Xmùh~w`tpbttv;!!vxni`gltàmw-za~idnlmc-a~j!hgaooh~gh!gltliaj!v~adxgt1`thoQ`d?476>668 .Wpmtbhw`w ~hva~t; @mt~adxgtàm lmd Dltl whgtàmw. vv- >/:- zzz-idha-gaixon`l-hdx!gb~~!~hwhl~gb!batwvatw! Hml~wam H- ht li- >667- Za~c`mj z`tb Zaohm lt ^`wc; V~lgt`gli Jx`dhi`mhw ea~ Lwwhww`mj Iagli D`wlwth~ ^`wcO`lo` Eia~`dl; @mth~mltàmli Bx~~`glmh Ghmth~ Eia~`dl @mth~mltàmli Xmùh~w`tpbttv;!!jdmami`mh-a~j!~hwax~ghw!Za~c`mj z Zaohm Hmji`wb -vde Tb`w `mth~mltàmli lgtàm ~hwhl~gb v~akhgt dagxohmt `mgixdhw l ohtbadaiajp ea~ lwwhww`mj gaooxm`tp uximh~lnì`t`hw lmd glvlg`t`hw e~ao tbh vh~wvhgtùhw ae dèeh~hmt j~axvw ae zaohm t~l`mhd lw gaooxm`tp ~hwhl~gbh~w- @mgixdhd `m tbh wthv/np/wthv v~akhgt jx`dhi`mhw l~h .jx`d`mj ~hwhl~gb |xhwtàmw. ea~ hrvia~`mj uximh~lnì`t`hw lmd glvlg`t`hw z`tb j~lww ~aatw zaohm `m ~`wcp hmu`~amohmtw lmd v~adxg`mj lmd xw`mj gaooxm`tp v~aeìhw nlwhd am tb`w iagli ~hwhl~gb- Tbh v~akhgt zlw dhuhiavhd lmd e`hid thwthd `m tbh Dao`m`glm ^hvxni`g Wt- Ixg`l Dao`mgl lmd Hi Wliulda~- Lulìlnih `m Wvlm`wb lmd Hmji`wb tb~axjb tbh Jhmdh~ lmd D`wlwth~ Mhtza~cZa~dw @mta Lgtàm; L Jx`dh ea~ @ovihohmt`mj @ovihohmt`mj tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c

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XMDV!NGV^- >664- ^hdxg`mj D`wlwth~ ^`wc; L Gbliihmjh ea~ Dhuhiavohmt- Mhz Pa~c; XMDV XMDV Nx~hlx ea~ G~`w`w V~huhmtàm lmd ^hgauh~p "NGV^)- zzz-xmdv-a~j!ngv~!d`w~hd!dagxohmtw!vxni`gltàmw!~d~!hmji`wb!~d~Qhmji`wb-vde

Zhnw`thw Hl~tb Wòxilta~ / zzz-hw-klowthg-ja-kv!hwg!hmj! Tbh Hl~tb Wòxilta~ `w l il~jh wxvh~gaovxth~ v~aghww`mj ulwt uaixohw ae dltl whmt e~ao wlthii`thw nxapw lmd atbh~ za~idz`dh anwh~ultàm va`mtw ta lmlipwh lmd v~hd`gt hmu`~amohmtli gblmjhw am tbh hl~tb tb~axjb tbh wòxiltàm ae ul~àxw jianli/wglih hmu`~amohmtli vbhmaohml wxgb lw jianli zl~o`mj Hi M`üa ltoawvbh~`g lmd ol~`mh vaiixtàm ta~~hmt`li ~l`melii lmd atbh~ gaovihr vbhmaohml lw zhii lw th~~hwt~`li vbhmaohml wxgb lw vilth thgtam`gw hl~tb|xlchw lmd v~hgx~wa~wJHA Dltl Va~tli / bttv;!!jhadltl-j~`d-xmhv-gb! Tbh JHA Dltl Va~tli `w tbh wax~gh ea~ dltl whtw xwhd np tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Hmu`~amohmtli V~aj~looh "XMHV) lmd `tw vl~tmh~w ea~ `mthj~lthd hmu`~amohmt lwwhwwohmtw- @tw ami`mh dltlnlwh baidw mltàmli wxn~hjàmli ~hjàmli lmd jianli wtlt`wt`gw a~ lw jhawvlt`li dltl whtw "olvw) gauh~`mj tbhohw i`ch e~hwbzlth~ vavxiltàm ea~hwtw ho`wwàmw giòlth d`wlwth~w bhlitb lmd j~aww daohwt`g v~adxgt @mea~oltàm glm nh d`wvilphd lw olvw j~lvbw lmd dltl tlnihw a~ dazmialdhd `m dèeh~hmt ea~oltwJianli ^`wc @dhmtè`gltàm V~aj~lo / zzz-j~`/v-mht Tbh Jianli ^`wc @dhmtè`gltàm V~aj~lo "J^@V) whhcw ta òv~auh tbh hu`dhmgh nlwh ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt dhg`wàm/olc`mj `m b`jb/~`wc l~hlw- V~akhgt lgtù`t`hw `mgixdh; "`) dhoamwt~lt`mj tblt `mea~oltàm am d`wlwth~ ~`wcw lmd iawwhw glm nh lvvi`hd ta òv~auh ~`wc olmljhohmt dhg`wàmw lmd dhuhiavohmt axtgaohw "``) glvlg`tp dhuhiavohmt "```) hmblmg`mj jianli d`wlwth~ iaww dltl "ù) v~au`d`mj ~`wc lmlipwhw ea~ ~`wc olmljhohmt dhg`wàm/wxvva~t `m b`jb/~`wc gaxmt~`hw lmd "u) jianli ~`wc xvdlthwBL[XW/OB / zzz zzz-ehol-jau!vilm!v~huhmt!bl{xw! -ehol-jau!vilm!v~huhmt!bl{xw! BL[XW/OB `w tbh Xm`thd Wtlthw Ehdh~li Hoh~jhmgp Olmljhohmt Ljhmgp*w vazh~exi ~`wc lwwhwwohmt waetzl~h v~aj~looh ea~ hwtòlt`mj vathmt`li iawwhw e~ao eiaadw bx~~`glmh z`mdw lmd hl~tb|xlchwV~aUhmtàm; @ov~au`mj ~`wc `dhmtè`gltàm lmd lmlipw`w / zzz-v~auhmtàmgamwa~t`xo-a~j!1vljh`d?<: Tb`w zhnw`th dagxohmtw tbh chp ~hwax~ghw lulìlnih `m tbh e`hid ae ~`wc lmlipw`w lmd lvvi`gltàm tblt bluh nhhm dhuhiavhd np tbh V~aUhmtàm Gamwa~t`xo lmd vl~tmh~w^LD@XW / ^`wc Lwwhwwohmt Taaiw ea~ D`ljmaw`w ae X~nlm L~hlw ljl`mwt Wh`wo`g D`wlwth~wzzz-jhabl{-a~j!gamthmtw!v~akhgtw!~ld`xw-btoi Tbh ^LD@XW v~akhgt zlw ilxmgbhd np tbh @mth~mltàmli Dhgldh ea~ Mltx~li D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm `m <005 ta v~aoath za~idz`dh lgtù`t`hw ea~ ~hdxgtàm ae wh`wo`g d`wlwth~w `m x~nlm l~hlw vl~t`gxil~ip `m dhuhiav`mj gaxmt~`hw- Tbh v~akhgt dhuhiavhd l waetzl~h v~aj~lo tblt aeeh~w v~lgt`gli taaiw ea~ hl~tb|xlch dloljh hwtòltàm^@WC/XH / zzz zzz-~`wc/xh-mht -~`wc/xh-mht ^@WC/XH dhuhiavw l jhmh~li lmd oadxil~ ohtbadaiajp ea~ g~hlt`mj hl~tb|xlch/~`wc wghml~àw tblt gamghmt~lthw am tbh d`wt`mgtùh ehltx~hw ae Hx~avhlm tazmw `mgixd`mj natb gx~~hmt lmd b`wta~`gli nxìd`mjwXm`thd Mltàmw @mwt`txth ea~ T~l`m`mj lmd ^hwhl~gb*w Avh~ltàmli Wlthii`th Lvvi`gltàmw V~aj~looh "XMAWLT) / bttv;!!xmawlt-zhn-gh~m-gb!xmawlt! Tb`w zhnw`th wxvva~tw tbh xwh ae wlthii`th òljh~p lmd jhaj~lvb`g `mea~oltàm wpwthow ea~ ~`wc lwwhwwohmt lmd uximh~lnì`tp ~hdxgtàm-

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^hu`hz tbh lulìlnì`tp ae ~`wc/~hilthd `mea~oltàm lmd tbh glvlg`t`hw ea~ dltl gaiihgtàm lmd xwh

L- Xmdh~wtlmd`mj tbh tlwc Zblt*w tbh vx~vawh ae tb`w tlwc1 Tbh tlwc lòw ta `dhmtèp glvlg`t`hw lmd jlvw `m hr`wt`mj v~aghwwhw ea~ jltbh~`mj lmlipw`mj lmd d`wwho`mlt`mj dltl am bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnì`tp zb`gb zìi nxìd xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae hr`wt`mj lmd vathmt`li ~`wcw ta dèeh~hmt wag`li j~axvw lmd hmlnih tbh dhuhiavohmt ae l nlwhi`mh ta oam`ta~ v~aj~hww am ~`wc lwwhwwohmt lmd hl~ip zl~m`mjTbh xwh ae iaww dltl zìi bhiv ta nxìd tbh glwh loamj dhg`wàm/olch~w ea~ `muhwt`mj `m v~huhmtàm ohlwx~hw lmd zìi wt~hmjtbhm ~`wc lwwhwwohmt lmd hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow-

Zbp `t*w òva~tlmt Nxìd`mj l nlwh ae hu`dhmgh am tbh ~`wc ae d`wlwth~ lmd tbh lwwag`lthd iawwhw liiazw dhg`wàm olch~w lmd tbh vxni`g ta xmdh~wtlmd tbh gaxmt~p*w hrvawx~h ta ul~àxw bl{l~dw lmd `tw wag`li hgamao`g hmu`~amohmtli lmd vbpw`gli uximh~lnì`t`hw- Wxgb dltl jltbh~hd lmd d`wwho`mlthd `m l tòhip olmmh~ liiazw vhavih ta tlch lgtàm ta ~hdxgh ~`wc- Tbh hulixltàm natb ae hr`wt`mj bl{l~d lmd uximh~lnì`tp `mea~oltàm lmd ae tbh v~aghww ea~ gaiihgt`mj lmd d`wwho`mlt`mj wxgb `mea~oltàm zìi liiaz dhwg~`vtàm ae tbh gx~~hmt wtlth ae cmazihdjh lw zhii lw wt~hmjtbw lmd jlvw lmd tbxw eawth~ dhuhiavohmt ae l wt~lthjp ta òv~auh ~hihulmt v~aghwwhw-

Baz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw Tlwc >-> `w giawhip i`mchd ta tbh hwtlni`wbohmt ae lm `m`t`ltùh ea~ gaxmt~pz`dh ~`wc lwwhwwohmt "Tlwc >-<) hwtlni`wb`mj heehgtùh hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow "Tlwc >-7) lmd dhuhiav`mj gaooxm`gltàm lmd d`wwho`mltàm ohgblm`wow ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc `mea~oltàm lmd hl~ip zl~m`mj "Tlwc >-4)- @t liwa gamt~`nxthw òva~tlmt `mvxt ta tbh v~adxgtàm ae `mea~oltàm lmd lzl~hmhww olth~`liw "Tlwc 7-4)-


@dhmtèp ljhmg`hw lmd a~jlm`{ltàmw a~jlm`{ltàmw gx~~hmtip ~hwvamw`nih ea~ gaiihgt`mj lmd lwwhww`mj dltl tblt ~hilth ta bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnì`tp- Tb`w `mgixdhw; •

•

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A~jlm`{ltàmw `muaiuhd `m anwh~u`mj oam`ta~`mj lmlipw`mj a~ d`wwho`mlt`mj `mea~oltàm am bpd~a/ ohtha~aiaj`gli jhaiaj`gli nàiaj`gli thgbmaiaj`gli bl{l~dw lmd hmu`~amohmtli dhj~ldltàmNad`hw tblt baid vavxiltàm ghmwxw dltl `me~lwt~xgtx~h `muhmta~p nxw`mhww `muhmta~p gldlwt~li dltl v~avh~tp/tlr dltl hgamao`g dltl lmd bl{l~daxw olth~`li iagltàm dltlA~jlm`{ltàmw `muaiuhd `m gaiihgt`mj wag`li lmd gxitx~li dltl "wxgb lw `md`jhmaxw cmazihdjh) tb~axjb ohlmw wxgb lw uximh~lnì`tp lmd glvlg`tp lwwhwwohmtw lt tbh gaooxm`tp ihuhi lmd z`tb uximh~lnih j~axvw-

>-

Hwtlni`wb ohtbadw ta ~hu`hz tbh dltl lmd tbh zlp `t `w gltliajxhd wpmtbhw`{hd lmd d`wwho`mlthd-

7-

Dagxohmt lmd wxool~`{h tbh lulìlnih dltl ~hwax~ghw-


4<

>


BEL

>-> ^hu`hz tbh lulìlnì`tp ae ~`wc/~hilthd `mea~oltàm lmd tbh glvlg`t`hw ea~ dltl gaiihgtàm lmd xwh 4-

@dhmtèp wt~amj lmd zhlc lwvhgtw ae hr`wt`mj dltl lmd `mea~oltàm wpwthow lmd avva~txm`t`hw ea~ òv~auhohmtw-

8-

^hu`hz lulìlnih ~`wc lwwhwwohmt wtxd`hw- Hulixlth g~`t`gli jlvw `m cmazihdjh ae ~`wcw eagxw`mj am l~hlw oawt hrvawhd ta ~`wc lmd l~hlw zbh~h gamwh|xhmghw ae l bl{l~d huhmt gaxid nh gltlwt~avb`g "h-j- il~jh x~nlm ghmt~hw a~ hgamao`g òva~tlmt l~hlw)-

5-

Lmlipwh lmd wpmtbhw`{h tbh hulixltàm*w e`md`mjw za~c`mj z`tb chp wtlchbaidh~w-

:-

Ea~o lm `mth~dhvl~tohmtli tlwc j~axv ta `dhmtèp dltl ~h|x`~hohmtw am uximh~lnì`tp lmd ta auh~whh tbh gaiihgtàm lmd lmlipw`w ae ~hihulmt dltl-

2-

V~hvl~h vai`g`hw lmd v~aj~loohw ta òv~auh dltl gaiihgtàm np lmd d`wwho`mltàm ta mltàmli v~au`mg`li lmd iagli jauh~mohmt ljhmg`hw `m a~dh~ ta eìi ~`wc `mea~oltàm jlvw "Tlwc >-<) lmd òv~auh gaiihgtàm lmd d`wt~`nxtàm v~aghwwhw-

0-

D`wwho`mlth tbh ~hwxitw ae tbh hulixltàm ta tbh `mwt`txtàmw lmd a~jlm`{ltàmw `muaiuhd-

\xhwtàmw ta lwc @m ~hu`hz`mj tbh tpvhw ae dltl lmd baz `t `w gaiihgthd gltliajxhd wpmtbhw`{hd lmd d`wwho`mlthd gamw`dh~ gamwt~xgt`mj l tlnih a~ *olt~`r* ta olv tbh e`md`mjw- Tbh olt~`r wbaxid; •

•

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I`mc dltl ta tbh ul~àxw bl{l~dw- Ea~ hrlovih ~l`melii wtlt`wt`gw l~h xwhd ta hulixlth ~xmaee lmd vathmt`li eiaad`mj-

Waoh t`vw ea~ gaoviht`mj tbh tlwc Lii ljhmg`hw gaiihgt dltl ea~ atbh~ vx~vawhw tblm d`wlwth~ ~`wc hulixltàm lmd olmljhohmt zb`gb olp gaovi`glth tbh tlwc ae `dhmtèp`mj ~`wc `mea~oltàm- @m waoh glwhw `t olp nh dèe`gxit ta antl`m ulixlnih `mea~oltàm nhglxwh `t `w ~hwt~`gthd wxgb lw tblt ea~ bl{l~daxw olth~`liw* wta~ljh a~ tbh~h olp bluh nhhm i`ttih `muaiuhohmt ae waoh wag`li j~axvw "wxgb lw zaohm*w j~axvw) wa tbh dltl olp mat nh ~hv~hwhmtltùh- Tbh hulixltàm bazhuh~ glm nh lm avva~txm`tp ta ~l`wh ljhmg`hw* lzl~hmhww ae bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnì`t`hw lmd ta wxvva~t tbho `m òv~au`mj tbh`~ v~lgt`ghw lmd n~aldhm`mj tbh xtì`tp ae tbh `mea~oltàm tbhp olmljh Lmatbh~ t`v `w tblt tbh `dhmtè`gltàm ae jlvw lmd mhhdw olp ~hwxit `m lm auh~zbhio`mj i`wt nhglxwh wvhg`li`{hd ljhmg`hw l~h aethm xmdh~wtleehd lmd xmdh~exmdhd- Bhmgh tbh hulixltàm wbaxid l`d v~à~`t`{ltàm np `dhmtèp`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wcw z`tb tbh oawt mhjltùh gamwh|xhmghw ea~ tbh gaxmt~p*w vhavih lmd `tw hgamaopTbh tlwc glm nh oldh oa~h olmljhlnih np dhihjlt`mj za~c ta v~au`mg`li!wtlth lmd iagli ljhmg`hw- Tbhwh ljhmg`hw olp bluh waoh ae tbh `mea~oltàm lmd glm ldd atbh~ ~hihulmt e`hidw ta tbh`~ dltl gaiihgtàm-

@dhmtèp tbh ljhmg`hw lmd a~jlm`{ltàmw gaiihgt`mj bl{l~d dltl dhwg~`n`mj tbh wgavh ae tbh`~ za~c lmd zbhtbh~ tbh`~ exmgtàmw auh~ilv z`tb atbh~ ljhmg`hw a~ ihluh jlvw^hilth dltl ta hr`wt`mj uximh~lnì`t`hw- Ea~ `mwtlmgh ghmwxw dltl glm ~huhli uximh~lnì`t`hw `m tbh ljh bhlitb lmd iùhi`baadw ae tbh vavxiltàm- Ltthmtàm oxwt nh vl`d ta jhmdh~/wvhgè`g ~`wc@dhmtèp tbh ljhmg`hw lmd a~jlm`{ltàmw gaiihgt`mj uximh~lnì`tp dltl dhwg~`n`mj tbh wgavh ae tbh`~ za~c lmd zbhtbh~ tbh`~ exmgtàmw auh~ilv z`tb atbh~ ljhmg`hw a~ è jlvw hr`wt-

@m `dhmtèp`mj tbh g~`t`gli jlvw `m lulìlnih bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnì`tp dltl lwc; •

4>

@w tbh~h ~hi`lnih dltl ea~ lii / a~ tbh oawt òva~tlmt / bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnì`t`hw1 @w tbh wag`li dltl jhmdh~/ wvhgè`g1 @w iagli lmd `md`jhmaxw cmazihdjh lvv~av~`lthip `mgixdhd1 @w tbh~h ldh|xlth `mea~oltàm lnaxt tbh hmt`~h th~~`ta~p1 @w tbh~h l dhvhmdlnih b`wta~`gli ~hga~d1 @w tbh~h lm lvv~av~`lth v~aghww ea~ xvdlt`mj `mea~oltàm1



BEL^hu`hz tbh lulìlnì`tp ae ~`wc/~hilthd `mea~oltàm lmd tbh glvlg`t`hw ea~ dltl gaiihgtàm lmd xwh •

•

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>->

Da ljhmg`hw xmdh~wtlmd lmd l~h tbhp lnih ta exieì ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw ea~ lii `mea~oltàm v~aghwwhw "`-hanwh~ultàm oam`ta~`mj l~gbù`mj |xli`tp gamt~ai lmlipw`w wpmtbhw`w lmd d`wwho`mltàm)1 Da tbhp gaa~d`mlth ldh|xlthip a~ l~h tbh~h zhlc i`mcw `m `mea~oltàm olmljhohmt1 Da tbh ~hihulmt ljhmg`hw bluh ldh|xlth h|x`vohmt lmd glvlg`tp1 @w tbh~h l gihl~ip hwtlni`wbhd ~hwvamw`nì`tp ea~ wpmtbhw`{`mj dltl lg~aww bl{l~dw lmd whgta~w a~ `muaiu`mj oxit`vih v~aehwwàmli `mth~hwtw1 Dahw `mea~oltàm ~hlgb lii zba mhhd `t1 @w `t xmdh~wtlmdlnih ta tbh tl~jht lxd`hmgh1 Dahw `t hmlnih dhg`wàm/ olc`mj ta ~hdxgh ~`wc1

G- ^hwvamw`nì`t`hw lmd ~hwax~ghw

>

Zba wbaxid nh `muaiuhd1 •

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Dhw`jmlthd lxtba~`t`hw ~hwvamw`nih ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm "h-j- tbh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm mltàmli viltea~o) Ldd`tàmli d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt a~jlm`{ltàmw tblt xwh ~`wc dltl lmd tbh `mwt`txtàm `m gbl~jh ae d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt^hv~hwhmtltùhw ae ljhmg`hw `m gbl~jh ae wg`hmtè`g dltl gaiihgtàm "h-j- ohtha~aiaj`gli wh~u`gh jhaiaj`gli lmd hl~tb wg`hmgh `mwt`txthw) lw zhii lw ljhmg`hw gaiihgt`mj vavxiltàm hgamao`g tlr lmd dhuhiavohmt wtlt`wt`gw "h-j- ghmwxw nx~hlx tlr ldo`m`wt~ltàm lmd gldlwt~h)-

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^hwhl~gbh~w lmd lgldho`gw `m wag`li lmd thgbm`gli wg`hmgh-

•

^hjxilta~w `mwx~lmgh ldo`m`wt~lta~w lmd ~hv~hwhmtltùh gaooxm`tp za~ch~w-


Hrhgxtùh lmd a~jlm`{ltàmli wxvva~t ea~ tbh ~hu`hz-

•

Exmd`mj lmd bxolm ~hwax~ghw "`mgixd`mj l dltlnlwh wvhg`li`wt) ea~ tbh hulixltàm-

•

Oxit`d`wg`vi`ml~p oxit`vih/a~jlm`{ltàm jhmdh~/nlilmghd thlo ta hmwx~h v~avh~ lwwhwwohmt ae lii ~hihulmt bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnì`t`hw-

D- @iixwt~ltàmw Lm ljhmgp ta gaiihgt d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm dltl) Ohr`ga Tbh Ghmt~a Mlgàmli dh V~huhmg`÷m dh Dhwlwt~hw "GHMLV^HD) `w l Ohr`glm Jauh~mohmt a~jlm`{ltàm wht xv ta gaiihgt gltliajxh lmd wpmtbhw`{h dltl `m wxvva~t ae vxni`g lzl~hmhww lmd jauh~mohmt d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt vai`g`hw lmd v~aj~loohw- @t eagxwhw am tbh oawt tb~hlthm`mj bl{l~dw ta Ohr`ga wxgb lw hl~tb|xlchw lmd uaiglmahw lmd lòw ta gaovihohmt tbh ~aih ae atbh~ ljhmg`hw- Amh ae tbh chp gamt~`nxtàmw ae GHMLV^HD `w ta chhv dltl lmd `mea~oltàm am bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnì`tp gx~~hmt- @t liwa d`wwho`mlthw wxgb `mea~oltàm ta ljhmg`hw lmd ta tbh jhmh~li vxni`g-


47


BEL

>-> ^hu`hz tbh lulìlnì`tp ae ~`wc/~hilthd `mea~oltàm lmd tbh glvlg`t`hw ea~ dltl gaiihgtàm lmd xwh Ea~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t tbh Ghmt~a Mlgàmli dh V~huhmg`÷m dh Dhwlwt~hw zhnw`th lt; zzz-ghmlv~hd-xmlo-or

Lmdhlm Wpwtho ae @mea~oltàm ea~ D`wlwth~ V~huhmtàm lmd ^hi`he) Waxtb Loh~`gl GLV^LDH tbh Lmdhlm Gaoo`tthh ea~ D`wlwth~ V~huhmtàm lmd ^hi`he `w tbh ihld a~jlm`{ltàm ea~ tbh Lmdhlm Wt~lthjp ea~ D`wlwth~ V~huhmtàm lmd ^hi`he- Tbh Wt~lthjp gliiw ea~ g~hltàm ae lm Lmdhlm Wpwtho ae @mea~oltàm ea~ D`wlwth~ V~huhmtàm lmd ^hi`he "W@LVLD) lw vl~t ae `tw tbholt`g lr`w >; .@mea~oltàm ~hwhl~gb lmd dhuhiavohmt.- W@LVLD `w wxvva~thd np V^HDHGLM l Hx~avhlm Xmàm / Lmdhlm Gaooxm`tp e`mlmghd v~akhgt dhd`glthd ta d`wlwth~ v~huhmtàm `m tbh Lmdhlm Gaooxm`tpW@LVLD `w gamghùhd lw l zhn va~tli wvhg`li`{`mj `m thgbm`gli lmd jhmh~li `mea~oltàm lnaxt d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt- Tbh zhn va~tli zìi liiaz xwh~w ta lgghww `mea~oltàm `m lm `mthj~lthd olmmh~ natb e~ao dèeh~hmt `mwt`txtàmw `m tbh Lmdhlm gaxmt~`hw lmd e~ao `mth~mltàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw- W@LVLD blw tb~hh ankhgtùhw- E`~wt `t zìi aeeh~ l ohlmw ta natb whl~gb ea~ lmd wv~hld `mea~oltàm- Whgamd `t zìi aeeh~ taaiw ea~ jhmh~li lmd wvhgè`g u`wxli`{ltàm ae jhaj~lvb`g `mea~oltàm- Tb`~d `t zìi exmgtàm lw l mlu`jltàm jx`dh ta cmazihdjh lmd `mea~oltàm ~hwax~ghw lulìlnih am tbh zhnEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t tbh eaiiaz`mj zhnw`thw; zzz-gaoxm`dldlmd`ml-a~j!v~hdhglm zzz-w`lvld-mht

H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj Jxbl/Wlv`~ D- Bl~j`tt D- lmd Bapa`w V- >664- Tb`~tp Phl~w ae Mltx~li D`wlwth~w <0:4/>667; Tbh Mxonh~wIaxul`m/il/Mhxuh Nhij`xo; V~hwwhw xmùh~w`tl`~hw dh Iaxul`m- zzz-ho/ dlt-mht!dagxohmtw!Vxni`gltàm!vxni`gltàmQ>664Qhodlt-vde

XMDV!G^HD- >665- Lm Lmlipt`gli ^hu`hz ae Whihgthd Dltl Whtw am Mltx~li D`wlwth~w lmd @ovlgtw- V~hvl~hd ea~ tbh V~aUhmtàm Gamwa~t`xo*w Jianli ^`wc @dhmtè`gltàm V~aj~lo Za~cwbav am @ov~au`mj Gaovìltàm ae ^hi`lnih Dltl am D`wlwth~ Aggx~~hmgh lmd @ovlgt Nlmjcac Tblìlmd- Lv~ì >/4 >665- N~xwwhiw; Ghmt~h ea~ ^hwhl~gb am tbh Hv`dhoàiajp ae D`wlwth~w "G^HD)- zzz-ho/dlt-mht!dagxohmtw!Vxni`gltàm!TwgbahjiDltlWhtw^hu`hz-vde zzz-ho/dlt-mht!dagxohmtw!Vxni`gltàm!TwgbahjiDltlWhtw^hu`hz-vde

Whuh~li mltàmli ljhmg`hw lmd jianli `m`t`ltùhw aeeh~ ~`wc `mea~oltàm am tbh`~ zhnw`thw- Whh ea~ hrlovih; Dù`wàm ae Hl~ip Zl~m`mj lmd Lwwhwwohmt!Jianli ^hwax~gh @mea~oltàm Dltlnlwh Hx~avh "DHZL!J^@D/ Hx~avh) / zzz-j~`d-xmhv-gb!`mdhr-vbv DHZL!J^@D/Hx~avh `w amh ae XMHV*w olka~ ghmt~hw ea~ dltl lmd `mea~oltàm olmljhohmt-

Hoh~jhmgp Huhmtw Dltlnlwh / zzz-ho/dlt-mht! Tb`w `mth~mltàmli d`wlwth~ dltlnlwh `w ol`mtl`mhd np G^HD-

@mthj~lthd Jianli Anwh~u`mj Wt~lthjp "@JAW) / zzz-ela-a~j!jtaw!`jaw!`mdhr-lwv @JAW whhcw ta v~au`dh l gaov~hbhmwùh e~lohza~c ta bl~oam`{h tbh gaooam `mth~hwtw ae tbh olka~ wvlgh/ nlwhd lmd `m w`tx wpwthow ea~ jianli anwh~ultàm ae tbh Hl~tb-

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BEL^hu`hz tbh lulìlnì`tp ae ~`wc/~hilthd `mea~oltàm lmd tbh glvlg`t`hw ea~ dltl gaiihgtàm lmd xwh

>->

IL ^HD; Dhw@muhmtl~ / zzz-dhw`muhmtl~ zzz-dhw`muhmtl~-a~j -a~j IL ^HD l mhtza~c ea~ wag`li wtxd`hw am d`wlwth~ v~huhmtàm `m Ilt`m Loh~`gl nhjlm dhuhiav`mj tbh Dhw@muhmtl~ d`wlwth~ `muhmta~p v~aj~looh `m <004- Dhw@muhmtl~ ol`mtl`mw lvv~aròlthip <5 mltàmli ihuhi mltx~li lmd thgbmaiaj`gli d`wlwth~ dltlnlwhw `m Ilt`m Loh~`gl-

Oxm`gb ^h`mwx~lmgh Gaovlmp / bttv;!!o~mltblm-oxm`gb~h-gao Tb`w zhnw`th gaiihgtw `mea~oltàm am d`wlwth~w "hrgixd`mj thgbmaiaj`gli d`wlwth~w) xw`mj `t ta v~au`dh bl{l~d olvw gaxmt~p v~aeìhw lmd atbh~ `mea~oltàm- Tbh dltlnlwh blw `mea~oltàm wa~thd np dlth bl{l~d ~hjàm gaxmt~p htg- lmd xwh~w glm jhmh~lth `mdù`dxli`{hd olvw nlwhd am lmp gaon`mltàm ae tbhwh elgta~w-

Xm`thd Mltàmw Wtlt`wt`gw Dù`wàm / bttv;!!xmwtltw-xm-a~j!xmwd!dhelxit-bto L whl~gblnih dltlnlwh ae hgamao`g dhoaj~lvb`g wag`li hmu`~amohmt lmd hmh~jp wtlt`wt`gw-

>

Xm`thd Wtlthw Jhaiaj`gli Wx~uhp "XWJW) / zzz-xwjw-jau! Tbh XWJW zhnw`th v~au`dhw loamj atbh~w wg`hmtè`g `mea~oltàm am iaww ae ièh lmd v~avh~tp tb~axjb mltx~li bl{l~dw-

Za~id Dltl Ghmth~ Wpwtho / zzz-mjdg-mall-jau!zdg! Tbh Za~id Dltl Ghmth~ Wpwtho v~au`dhw l whl~gblnih dltlnlwh am wail~ jhavbpw`gli lmd atbh~ ~hilthd hmu`~amohmtli dltl-

Za~id Ohtha~aiaj`gli A~jlm`{ltàm "ZOA) lmd tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw V~aj~looh am Wvlgh Lvvi`gltàmw / zzz-zoa-`mt!zhn!wlt!ui-bto ZOA lmd XM V~aj~looh am Wvlgh Lvvi`gltàmw dhuhiavhd l u`~txli ilna~lta~p ea~ wlthii`th t~l`m`mj lmd dltl xtì`{ltàm ta olrò`{h tbh hrvia`tltàm ae wlthii`th dltl-


48


>-7

BEL

Lwwhww glvlg`t`hw lmd wt~hmjtbhm hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow


Th~o`maiajp

Zblt*w tbh vx~vawh ae tb`w tlwc1 Tb`w tlwc whhcw ta lwwhww hr`wt`mj glvlg`t`hw ea~ hl~ip zl~m`mj lmd nlwhd am tblt lwwhwwohmt ta dhuhiav l wt~lthjp ta wt~hmjtbhm tbh gaxmt~p*w hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow-

Zbp `t*w òva~tlmt Hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow hovazh~ `mdù`dxliw lmd gaooxm`t`hw tb~hlthmhd np bl{l~dw ta lgt `m wxee`g`hmt tòh lmd `m lm lvv~av~`lth olmmh~ wa lw ta ~hdxgh tbh vaww`nì`tp ae vh~wamli `mkx~p iaww ae ièh dloljh ta v~avh~tp lmd tbh hmu`~amohmt lmd iaww ae iùhi`baadw- Tbh hrv~hwwàm .vhavih/ ghmt~hd hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow. `w xwhd ta hovblw`{h tblt zl~m`mj wpwthow oxwt ~hgajm`{h bxolm mhhdw lmd bxolm nhbluàx~ lmd oxwt nh dhuhiavhd z`tb iagli vl~t`g`vltàm e~ao natb zaohm lmd ohm Lwwhww`mj glvlg`tp ta v~au`dh tbh eax~ hihohmtw ae hl~ip zl~m`mj `w tbh e`~wt wthv ta `dhmtèp`mj l~hlw ae zhlcmhww lmd mhghwwl~p ohlwx~hw ta eìi jlvw- Wt~lthj`hw ta dhuhiav a~ wt~hmjtbhm hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow wbaxid hmwx~h tblt lii ae tbh hihohmtw l~h heehgtùh; zhlcmhww `m amh hl~ip zl~m`mj hihohmt glm ~hwxit `m elìx~h ae tbh hmt`~h wpwtho-

Baz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw Hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow dhvhmd am tòhip lmd lggx~lth ~`wc cmazihdjh "Tlwc >-<)3 tbh gaooxm`gltàm ae wxgb `mea~oltàm lw d`wgxwwhd `m Tlwc >-4 lmd Gblvth~ 73 lmd v~hvl~hdmhww ta ~hlgt lvv~av~`lthip ldd~hwwhd `m Gblvth~ 8Hl~ip zl~m`mj ~h|x`~hw l n~ald nlwh ae glvlg`t`hw lw ìixwt~lthd `m tbh nar Tbh Eax~ Hihohmtw ae Vhavih/ Ghmt~hd Hl~ip Zl~m`mj-

Hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwtho; Tbh v~au`wàm ae tòhip lmd heehgtùh `mea~oltàm tb~axjb `dhmtè`hd `mwt`txtàmw tblt liiazw `mdù`dxliw hrvawhd ta l bl{l~d ta tlch lgtàm ta lua`d a~ ~hdxgh tbh`~ ~`wc lmd v~hvl~h ea~ heehgtùh ~hwvamwh- Hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow `mgixdh l gbl`m ae gamgh~mw mlohip; xmdh~wtlmd`mj lmd olvv`mj tbh bl{l~d oam`ta~`mj lmd ea~hglwt`mj òvhmd`mj huhmtw v~aghww`mj lmd d`wwho`mlt`mj xmdh~wtlmdlnih zl~m`mjw ta vai`t`gli lxtba~`t`hw lmd tbh vavxiltàm lmd xmdh~tlc`mj lvv~av~`lth lmd tòhip lgtàmw `m ~hwvamwh ta tbh zl~m`mjw- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp)

Tbh Eax~ Hihohmtw ae Vhavih/Ghmt~hd Hl~ip Zl~m`mj

^@WC CMAZIHDJH

OAM@TA^@MJ % ZL^M@MJ WHÛ@GH

Wpwtholt`gliip gaiihgt dltl lmd xmdh~tlch ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw

Dhuhiav bl{l~d oam`ta~`mj lmd hl~ip zl~m`mj wh~u`ghw

L~h tbh bl{l~dw lmd tbh uximh~lnì`t`hw zhii cmazm1 uximh~lnì`t`hw

L~h tbh ~`jbt vl~lohth~w nh`mj oam`ta~hd1

Zblt l~h tbh vltth~mw lmd t~hmdw `m tbhwh elgta~w1

@w tbh~h l waxmd wg`hmtè`g nlw`w ea~ olc`mj ea~hglwtw1

L~h ~`wc olvw lmd dltl z`dhip lulìlnih1

Glm lggx~lth lmd tòhip zl~m`mjw nh jhmh~lthd jhmh~lthd1 1

D@WWHO@MLT@AM % GAOOXM@GLT@AM

^HWVAMWH GLVLN@I@TP

Gaooxm`glth ~`wc `mea~oltàm lmd hl~ip zl~m`mjw

Nxìd mltàmli lmd gaooxm`tp ~hwvamwh glvlnì`t`hw

Da zl~m`mjw ~hlgb lii ae tbawh lt ~`wc1

L~h ~hwvamwh vilmw xv ta dlth lmd thwthd1

L~h tbh ~`wcw lmd tbh zl~m`mjw xmdh~wtaad xmdh~wtaad1 1

L~h iagli glvlg`t`hw lmd cmazihdjh oldh xwh ae1

@w tbh zl~m`mj `mea~oltàm gihl~ lmd xwhlnih1

L~h vhavih v~hvl~hd lmd ~hldp ta ~hlgt ta zl~m`mjw1

Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Viltea~o ea~ tbh V~aoatàm ae Hl~ip Zl~m`mj "VVHZ)-

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BEL

Lwwhww glvlg`t`hw lmd wt~hmjtbhm hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow >-7

N- Baz ta da `t ^hgaoohmdhd wthvw Ta hulixlth tbh heehgtùhmhww lmd wt~hmjtbhm tbh gaxmt~p*w hr`wt`mj hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow; <-

A~jlm`{h lm `mth~d`wg`vi`ml~p thlo ta lwwhww zbhtbh~ tbh gaxmt~p*w hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow; •

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L~h ldh|xlthip wxvva~thd np ihj`wiltàm lmd vai`g`hw@mgixdh dhe`mhd ~aihw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw ea~ lii ~hihulmt a~jlm`{ltàmw- ^hihulmt wtlchbaidh~w liwa wbaxid nh lzl~h ae tbhwh ~aihw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hwBluh amh vai`t`gli ihldh~ a~ jauh~mohmt aee`g`li zba `w ihjliip lxtba~`{hd ta lgt lw tbh mltàmli dhg`wàm olch~ ea~ zl~m`mjw@mgixdh òvihohmthd vai`g`hw ta dhghmt~li`{h lmd hovazh~ iagli dhg`wàm/olc`mj lmd gaooxm`tp vl~t`g`vltàmHmgaovlww wxee`g`hmt ~hjàmli lmd g~aww/na~dh~ l~~lmjhohmtw ea~ wpwtho `mthj~ltàm L~h nxtt~hwwhd np l jauh~mohmt exmd`mj ohgblm`wo ea~ hl~ip zl~m`mj lmd d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww-

>-

Wtlmdl~d`{h tbh v~aghww np zb`gb lii ljhmg`hw "ohtha~aiaj`gli wh~u`gh e`~h n~`jldh vxni`g/wh~u`gh MJAw MJAw htg-) jhmh~lth lmd `wwxh zl~m`mjw ea~ hlwp dltl gaiihgtàm lmd lmlipw`w-

7-

Dhuhiav lm heehgtùh oam`ta~`mj wpwtho tblt; •

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Ohlwx~hw lii òva~tlmt vl~lohth~w ea~ hlgb ~hihulmt bl{l~dBlw thgbm`gli h|x`vohmt wx`thd ta iagli gamd`tàmw lmd g`~gxowtlmghw ~xm np vh~wammhi zba l~h t~l`mhd `m `tw xwh lmd ol`mthmlmghHmwx~hw zl~m`mj ghmt~hw l~h wtleehd lt lii tòhw ">4 bax~w vh~ dlp : dlpw vh~ zhhc)V~aghwwhw ohlwx~hd dltl `m ohlm`mjexi ea~oltw `m ~hli tòh a~ mhl~/~hli tòh "mhl~ ~hli tòh dhilp `mt~adxghd np lxtaolthd dltl v~aghww`mj a~ mhtza~c t~lmwo`wwàm nhtzhhm tbh aggx~~hmgh ae lm huhmt lmd tbh xwh ae tbh v~aghwwhd dltl)-

Hwtlni`wb l waxmd ea~hglwt`mj lmd zl~m`mj wpwtho tblt; •

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Hmwx~hw dltl lmlipw`w v~hd`gtàm lmd zl~m`mj jhmh~ltàm l~h nlwhd am lgghvthd wg`hmtè`g lmd thgbm`gli ohtbadaiaj`hw@wwxhw dltl lmd zl~m`mj v~adxgtw z`tb`m `mth~mltàmli wtlmdl~dwBlw elì/wleh wpwthow `m vilgh wxgb lw vazh~ nlgcxv h|x`vohmt ~hdxmdlmgp lmd am/glii vh~wammhi wpwthowJhmh~lthw lmd d`wwho`mlthw zl~m`mjw `m l tòhip olmmh~ lmd `m l ea~olt wx`thd ta xwh~ mhhdwâxt`mhip oam`ta~w lmd hulixlthw avh~ltàmli v~aghwwhw `mgixd`mj dltl |xli`tp lmd zl~m`mj vh~ea~olmgh-

8-

Lmlipwh wtxd`hw ae vlwt d`wlwth~ hrvh~`hmghw v~huàxw lih~tw lmd ihwwamw ihl~mhd- @dhmtèp glvlg`t`hw lmd jlvw lmd z`tb tbh thlo d`wgxww e`md`mjw lmd v~hvl~h ~hgaoohmdltàmw ea~ lii ihuhiw ae jauh~mohmt-

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V~adxgh l vilm ta dhuhiav a~ wt~hmjtbhm oxit`/bl{l~d hl~ip zl~m`mj zl~m`mj wpwthow gihl~ip `dhmtèp`mj v~à~`tp lgtàmw lmd nlw`mj ~hgaoohmdltàmw am gawt/nhmhe`t lmlipw`w-

:-

@dhmtèp avva~txm`t`hw ta `mthj~lth hl~ip zl~m`mj zl~m`mj `mta mltàmli hgamao`g vilmm`mj lmd dhuhiavohmt vai`g`hw-

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Dhuhiav glvlg`tp/nxìd`mj vilmw lmd t~l`m`mj v~aj~loohw z`tb ldh|xlth ~hwax~ghw lmd vl~t`g`vltàm ae mam/jauh~mohmtli whgta~-


4:

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>-7 Lwwhww glvlg`t`hw lmd wt~hmjtbhm hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow 0-

BEL

Whgx~h e`mlmg`li ~hwax~ghw ~hwax~ghw hrvia~h `mth~mltàmli lmd ~hjàmli exmd`mj wax~ghw lmd dhuhiav vl~tmh~wb`vw z`tb v~ùlth whgta~ lmd tbh ohd`l-

<6- D`wwho`mlth tbh ~hwxitw ae tbh hulixltàm lmd tbh v~avawhd vilm b`jbi`jbt`mj tbh hgamao`g lmd wag`li nhmhe`tw ae hl~ip zl~m`mj lmd wxvva~t`mj tbh e`md`mjw z`tb glwh wtxd`hwEa~ l gaov~hbhmwùh i`wt ae `md`glta~w ea~ hlgb ae tbh eax~ hihohmtw ae heehgtùh hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow whh Dhuhiav`mj Hl~ip Zl~m`mj Wpwthow; L Gbhgci`wt "exii ~heh~hmgh `m .Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj. whgtàm)-

G- ^hwvamw`nì`t`hw lmd ~hwax~ghw Zba wbaxid nh `muaiuhd1 Chp thgbm`gli hrvh~tw e~ao; •

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Ljhmg`hw `m gbl~jh ae wg`hmtè`g dltl gaiihgtàm lmd cmazihdjhOam`ta~`mj lmd zl~m`mj wh~u`ghw "ohtha~aiaj`gli wh~u`gh jhaiaj`gli `mwt`txthw htg-)Gaooxm`gltàm lmd d`wwho`mltàm "gaooxm`tp/nlwhd a~jlm`{ltàmw gaooxm`gltàm thgbmaiajp gaovlm`hw lmd tbh ohd`l)^hwvamwh glvlnì`tp "d`wlwth~ ~hi`he ljhmg`hw gùì dhehmgh lmd MJAw)-


Hrhgxtùh lmd a~jlm`{ltàmli wxvva~t-

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Exmd`mj lmd bxolm ~hwax~ghw-

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Hl~ip zl~m`mj .gblovàmw. tblt ~l`wh lzl~hmhww-

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Lgghww ta hrvh~t`wh `mgixd`mj tbawh z`tb thgbm`gli nlgcj~axmd ea~ oam`ta~`mj lmd zl~m`mj lw zhii lw ea~ ~hwvamwhXmdh~wtlmd`mj ae lmd lgghww ta ~hjàmli lmd za~idz`dh ~hwax~ghwGaavh~ltàm z`tb mltàmli ~hjàmli lmd `mth~mltàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw `muaiuhd `m tbh eax~ hihohmtw ae hl~ip zl~m`mj "h-j- tbh Za~id Ohtha~aiaj`gli A~jlm`{ltàm "ZOA)3 tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Hdxgltàmli Wg`hmtè`g lmd Gxitx~li A~jlm`{ltàm "XMHWGA)3 tbh Za~id Bhlitb A~jlm`{ltàm "ZBA)3 ^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt Wag`ht`hw)-

D- @iixwt~ltàmw Gpgiamh hl~ip zl~m`mj v~aj~looh) Nlmjildhwb Nlmjildhwb `w amh ae tbh oawt d`wlwth~/v~amh gaxmt~`hw `m tbh za~id- Lzl~h ae tbh v~hd`gtlnih d`wlwth~w i`chip ta wt~`ch tbh gaxmt~p tbh Nlmjildhwb ^hd G~hwghmt Wag`htp lmd tbh Jauh~mohmt ae Nlmjildhwb ilxmgbhd tbh Gpgiamh V~hvl~hdmhww V~aj~lo- Tbh jali ae tbh v~aj~looh `w ta o`mò`{h tbh iaww ae iùhw lmd v~avh~t`hw `m gpgiam`g d`wlwth~ np wt~hmjtbhm`mj tbh d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt glvlg`tp ae galwtli vhavih- Tbh v~aj~looh dhuhiavhd l d`wt~`gt hoh~jhmgp vilm lt hlgb n~lmgb tblt tl~jhtw gaooxm`t`hw leehgthd np eiaad`mj ta~mldahw ~ùh~ h~awàm d~axjbt lmd gpgiamhw- V~aj~looh gaooxm`tp lgtù`t`hw `mgixdh tbh d`wwho`mltàm ae gpgiamh/

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zl~m`mj w`jmliw `wwxhd np tbh Nlmjildhwb Ohtha~aiaj`gli Dhvl~tohmt ta tbh gaooxm`tp lw zhii lw lww`wtlmgh ta vhavih tlc`mj wbhith~ ~hwgxh ae d`wt~hwwhd vhavih lmd v~au`wàm ae e`~wt l`dTbh Gpgiamh V~hvl~hdmhww V~aj~lo d`wwho`mlthw gpgiamh hl~ip zl~m`mj ohwwljhw tb~axjb `tw hrthmwùh ~ldà mhtza~c "<47 wtltàmw) ta d`wt~`gtw liamj tbh galwtli nhit- Tbh v~aj~looh*w Dblcl bhld|xl~th~w lmd tbh <47 z`~hihww wtltàmw gaov~`wh tbh il~jhwt z`~hihww mhtza~c `m Lw`l- Liwa 77666 uaixmthh~w dhiùh~ tbh ohwwljhw xw`mj ohjlvbamhw lmd w`~hmw ta oawt lt/~`wc uìiljhw lmd bhiv tbh zhlchwt ohonh~w ae gaooxm`t`hw ta whhc ~hexjh `m gpgiamh wbhith~w- @m tatli tbh~h l~h <566 wbhith~w lg~aww tbh galwtli ~hjàm <40 ae tbho nxìt np tbh Nlmjildhwb ^hd G~hwghmt Wag`htp- Tbhwh wbhith~w glm baid xv ta <866 vhavih lmd glm wh~uh lw wgbaaiw lmd gaooxm`tp ghmt~hw dx~`mj .ma~oli. tòhw- Gpgiamh v~hvl~hdmhww uaixmthh~w liwa jht `muaiuhd `m ~hwgxh e`~wt l`d lgtù`t`hw lmd tbh d`wt~`nxtàm ae ~hi`he `thowAxtw`dh tbh 4/oamtb gpgiamh whlwam tbh uaixmthh~w ~xm vxni`g lzl~hmhww lgtù`t`hw wtlj`mj hdxgltàmli d~lolw lmd wòxiltàm hrh~g`whw- @mg~hlw`mjip uaixmthh~w liwa gamt~`nxth ta iamjh~/th~o o`t`jltàm lgtù`t`hw wxgb lw vilmt`mj vlio t~hhw lw z`md n~hlcw liamj tbh galwt- Tbh v~aj~looh gauh~w hihuhm d`wt~`gtw `m tbh galwtli l~hl lmd glm whmd zl~m`mj w`jmliw ta lvv~aròlthip h`jbt oìiàm vhavihEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; Nlmjildhwb ^hd G~hwghmt Wag`htp Gpgiamh V~hvl~hdmhww V~aj~lo lt l Jilmgh Ehn~xl~p >66>3 @mth~mltàmli Ehdh~ltàm ae ^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt Wag`ht`hw; Za~id D`wlwth~ ^hva~t; Eagxw am ^hdxg`mj ^`wc Ol~gb >66>3 a~ Lw`lm D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm Ghmth~ Tatli D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt/ Jaad V~lgt`ghw Klmxl~p >668-

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Jianli t~av`gli gpgiamh zl~m`mj wpwtho T~av`gli gpgiamhw liwa vavxil~ip cmazm lw bx~~`glmhw a~ tpvbaamw l~h jianliip oam`ta~hd lmd ea~hglwthd am l dlìp nlw`w tb~axjb tbh ZOA Jianli T~av`gli Gpgiamh Zl~m`mj Wpwtho- Tb`w wpwtho `w l jianli mhtza~c ea~ anwh~ultàmw dltl hrgblmjh lmd ~hjàmli ea~hglwt`mj lmd lmlipw`w glvlnì`t`hw avh~lthd np mltàmli ohtha~aiaj`gli lmd bpd~aiaj`gli wh~u`ghw- @t `mgixdhw w`r ~hjàmli wvhg`li`{hd ohtha~aiaj`gli ghmt~hw tblt v~au`dh l~axmd/tbh/giagc ea~hglwtw lih~tw lmd nxiiht`mw am tbh whuh~`tp v~akhgt vltb lmd hwtòlthd ilmdelii ae t~av`gli gpgiamhw- Tb`w `mea~oltàm jahw ta tbh mltàmli ohtha~aiaj`gli wh~u`ghw ae gaxmt~`hw lt ~`wc- Tbh wh~u`ghw tbhm `wwxh zl~m`mjw ea~ tbh`~ gaxmt~`hw z`tb ihld tòhw ae lt ihlwt >4 bax~w lmd xv ta whuh~li dlpwTbhwh ihld tòhw l~h wxee`g`hmt ta lgb`huh heehgtùh olww hulgxltàmw lmd tbh~hnp lua`d z`dhwv~hld iaww ae ièh- Eùh t~av`gli gpgiamh ~hjàmli gaoo`tthhw "gaov~`whd ae hrvh~tw `m t~av`gli gpgiamh oadhii`mj lmd ea~hglwt`mj) v~au`dh ~hjàmli gaa~d`mltàm `mgixd`mj t~l`m`mj wxvva~tEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t ZOA zhnw`th lt; zzz-zoa-gb!zhn!zzz!TGV!TGV/baoh-btoi zzz-zoa-gb!zhn!zzz!TGV!TGV/baoh-btoi

Hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow ea~ zìdilmd e`~hw Zìdilmd e`~hw nx~m whuh~li bxmd~hd oìiàm bhgtl~hw ae uhjhtltàm huh~p phl~ lmd `mg~hlwhd e`~h lgtù`tp blw nhhm ~hva~thd `m olmp ~hjàmw ae tbh za~id- E`~hw bluh bld wh~àxw mhjltùh òvlgtw am bxolm wlehtp bhlitb ~hjàmli hgamao`hw jianli giòlth gblmjh lmd hgawpwthow `m mam/e`~h v~amh nàohw- Za~idz`dh e`~h wxvv~hwwàm hrvhmd`tx~hw l~h ~lv`dip `mg~hlw`mj `m lm ltthovt ta iò`t tbh òvlgt ae zìdilmd e`~hwTa o`t`jlth e`~h/~hilthd v~anihow lmd gawtw ea~hwt lmd ilmd olmljhohmt ljhmg`hw lw zhii lw ilmd azmh~w lmd gaooxm`t`hw bluh wxvva~thd hwtlni`wbohmt ae l ~lmjh ae hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow- Tbhwh wpwthow `dhmtèp g~`t`gli vh~àdw ae hrt~hoh e`~h dlmjh~ `m ldulmgh ae tbh`~ vathmt`li aggx~~hmgh- Hl~ip zl~m`mj ae tbhwh gamd`tàmw liiazw e`~h olmljh~w ta òvihohmt e`~h v~huhmtàm dhthgtàm lmd v~h/wxvv~hwwàm vilmw nhea~h e`~h v~anihow nhj`m- E`~h dlmjh~ ~lt`mjw l~h gaooamip xwhd ta v~au`dh hl~ip zl~m`mj ae tbh vathmt`li ea~ wh~àxw zìde`~hw nlwhd am dlìp zhltbh~ dltl- E`~h dlmjh~ `mea~oltàm `w aethm hmblmghd z`tb wlthii`th dltl lmd wvhgt~li dltl am ilmd gauh~ lmd exhi gamd`tàmw- Ma~oliip tbhwh wpwthow v~au`dh l 4/ ta 5/bax~ hl~ip zl~m`mj ae tbh b`jbhwt e`~h dlmjh~ ea~ lmp vl~t`gxil~ dlp tblt tbh zhltbh~ dltl `w wxvvi`hd-


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>-7 Lwwhww glvlg`t`hw lmd wt~hmjtbhm hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow

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L mxonh~ ae e`~h dlmjh~ ~lt`mj wpwthow l~h lulìlnih ea~ gaxmt~`hw lmd ea~ whuh~li ~hjàmw za~idz`dh- Jianli ~hjàmli lmd mltàmli e`~h zhltbh~ lmd giòlth ea~hglwtw lw zhii lw nlgcj~axmd olth~`liw glm nh eaxmd am tbh Zhn Va~tli ea~ Hl~ip Zl~m`mj ae Zìdilmd E`~h v~au`dhd np tbh Jianli E`~h Oam`ta~`mj Ghmth~ "JEOG)Ea~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t tbh JEOG Zhn Va~tli ea~ Hl~ip Zl~m`mj ae Zìdilmd E`~h lt; zzz-e`~h-xm`/ e~h`nx~j-dh!eze!eze!bto

H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj Nlwbh~ ^- >665- .Jianli hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow ea~ mltx~li bl{l~dw; wpwtholt`g lmd vhavih/ghmt~hd.Vbìawavb`gli T~lmwlgtàmw ae tbh âpli Wag`htpWag`htp- L 754 ><5:/><2>zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!vvhz!`mea~hwax~ghw!dagw!^WT zzz-xm`wd~ -a~j!vvhz!`mea~hwax~ghw!dagw!^WTL>665<2<0v-vde L>665<2<0v-vde Ea~dblo O- >66<- Gbliihmj`mj Naxmdl~`hw; L jhmdh~ vh~wvhgtùh am hl~ip zl~m`mj `m d`wlwth~ lmd hmu`~amohmtli olmljhohmt- V~hvl~hd ea~ lm hrvh~t j~axv ohht`mj am hmu`~amohmtli olmljhohmt lmd tbh o`t`jltàm ae mltx~li d`wlwth~w tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Dù`wàm ea~ tbh Ldulmghohmt ae Zaohm lmd @WD^3 5/0 Mauhonh~ >66< Lmcl~l Tx~chp Tx~chp-- zzz zzz-xm-a~j!zaohmzltgb!dlz!gwz!hmuQolmljh!dagxohmtw!HV8/ -xm-a~j!zaohmzltgb!dlz!gwz!hmuQolmljh!dagxohmtw!HV8/ >665-vde @mth~/O`m`wth~`li Gaoo`tthh am @mth~mltàmli Gaavh~ltàm ea~ D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm Jauh~mohmt ae Klvlm- >665 Lwwhww glvlg`t`hw lmd wt~hmjtbhm hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow; Klvlm*w Mltx~li D`wlwth~ Hl~ip Zl~m`mj Wpwthow lmd @mth~mltàmli Gaavh~ltùh Heea~tw- zzz-naxwl`-ja-kv!cpa~pacx!waxc`ch`cl`-vde zzz-naxwl`-ja-kv!cpa~pacx!waxc`ch`cl`-vde XM!@WD^- >665- Dhuhiav`mj Hl~ip Zl~m`mj Zl~m`mj Wpwthow; L Gbhgci`wt- Dhuhiavhd lw lm axtgaoh ae tbh Tb`~d @mth~mltàmli Gameh~hmgh am Hl~ip Zl~m`mj "HZG @@@) >:/>0 Ol~gb >665 Namm Jh~olmpzzz-xm`wd~-a~j!vvhz!`mea/~hwax~ghw!hzg7!gbhgci`wt!Hmji`wb-vde Tbh gbhgci`wt `w lm axtgaoh dagxohmt ae tbh HZG @@@- @t zlw g~hlthd `m a~dh~ ta bhiv jauh~mohmtw lmd gaooxm`t`hw òvihohmt vhavih/ghmt~hd hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow- Tbh gbhgci`wt zlw t~lmwilthd `mta <0 @md`lm Aghlm gaxmt~p ilmjxljhwXM!@WD^- >665- Jianli Wx~uhp ae Hl~ip Zl~m`mj Wpwthow; Lm lwwhwwohmt ae glvlg`t`hw jlvw lmd avva~txm`t`hw tazl~d nxìd`mj l gaov~hbhmwùh jianli hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwtho ea~ lii mltx~li bl{l~dw- Xm`thd Mltàmw vxni`gltàmzzz-xm`wd~-a~j!vvhz!`mea/~hwax~ghw!hzg7!Jianli/Wx~uhp/ae/Hl~ip/Z zzz-xm`wd~ -a~j!vvhz!`mea/~hwax~ghw!hzg7!Jianli/Wx~uhp/ae/Hl~ip/Zl~m`mj/Wpwthow-vde l~m`mj/Wpwthow-vde Tbh Jianli Wx~uhp zlw ~h|xhwthd `m Whg~htl~p/Jhmh~li Cae` Lmmlm*w ~hva~t ta tbh Jhmh~li Lwwhonip .@m il~jh~ e~hhdao; tazl~dw dhuhiavohmt whgx~`tp lmd bxolm ~`jbtw ea~ lii. `m >668 "zzz-xm-a~j!il~jh~e~hhdao!)- Tbh Wx~uhp hrlo`mhw thgbm`gli lmd `mwt`txtàmli glvlg`t`hw lt lii ~hihulmt ihuhiw `m tbh eax~ gaovamhmtw ae heehgtùh hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthowXM!@WD^ DCCU- >665- Hl~ip Zl~m`mj / E~ao gamghvt ta lgtàm Tbh Gamgixwàmw ae tbh Tb`~d @mth~mltàmli Gameh~hmgh am Hl~ip Zl~m`mj Gameh~hmgh bhid >:/>0 Ol~gb >665 Namm Jh~olmpzzz-hzg7-a~j!xviald!dazmialdw!Hl~ipQzl~m`mjQgaovihth>-vde Uìilj~lm dh Ih÷m K- G- ht li- >665- .Hl~ip Zl~m`mj Wpwthow `m tbh gamthrt ae D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt.Hmtz`gcixmj % Iämdi`gbh~ ^lxo >!>665 vv- >7/>8[wgblx K- lmd Cùvvh~w L-M- >667- Hl~ip Zl~m`mj Wpwthow ea~ Mltx~li D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm- Mhz Pa~c; Wv~`mjh~ Uh~ilj Nh~i`m Bh`dhinh~j-

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Zhnw`thw Tbh @mth~mltàmli Ghmth~ am ^hwhl~gb Hi M`üa "G@EHM) / zzz-g`èhm/`mt-a~j! G@EHM v~aoathw gaovihohmtw lmd wtl~tw wg`hmtè`g lmd lvvi`gltàm ~hwhl~gb v~akhgtw mhghwwl~p ta òv~auh tbh gaov~hbhmwàm lmd hl~ip zl~m`mj ae Hi M`üa huhmtw-

@JLD Giòlth V~hd`gtàm lmd Lvvi`gltàmw Ghmt~h "@GVLG) / zzz-`gvlg-mht! Tbh Ml`~an`/nlwhd a~jlm`{ltàm ea~ tbh Ba~m ae Le~`gl gaxmt~`hw ae @mth~jauh~mohmtli Lxtba~`tp am Dhuhiavohmt-

Jianli E`~h Oam`ta~`mj Ghmth~ "JEOG) Zhn Va~tli ea~ Hl~ip Zl~m`mj ae Zìdilmd E`~h / zzz-e`~h-xm`/e~h`nx~j-dh!eze!eze-bto Jianli ~hjàmli lmd mltàmli e`~h zhltbh~ lmd giòlth ea~hglwtw lw zhii lw nlgcj~axmd olth~`liw-

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Jianli @mea~oltàm lmd Hl~ip Zl~m`mj Wh~u`gh "J@HZW) ae tbh Eaad lmd Lj~`gxitx~h A~jlm`{ltàm "ELA) / zzz-ela-a~j!j`hzw!hmji`wb!`mdhr-bto J@HZW gamt`mxaxwip ~hu`hzw tbh za~id eaad wxvvip!dholmd w`txltàm lmd `wwxhw ~hva~tw am tbh za~id eaad w`txltàm-

Jianli Hl~tb Anwh~u`mj Wpwtho ae Wpwthow "JHAWW) / zzz-hl~tbanwh~ultàmw-a~j!`mdhr-btoi JHAWW ~heh~w ta tbh gaiihgtàm v~aghww`mj oadhii`mj lmd d`wwho`mltàm ae dltl lnaxt tbh Hl~tb wpwtho-

BHZWzhn / zzz zzz-bhzwzhn-a~j!baohQvljh!dhelxit-lwv -bhzwzhn-a~j!baohQvljh!dhelxit-lwv BHZWzhn wh~u`gh blw dhd`glthd vljhw ea~ hlgb tpvh ae bl{l~d `mgixd`mj d~axjbt eiaadw wta~ow iagxwtw uaiglmahw hl~tb|xlchw zhltbh~ Hi M`üa lmd atbh~ bl{l~dw lmd wagà/vai`t`gli dhuhiavohmtw-

@mth~mltàmli ^hwhl~gb @mwt`txth ea~ Giòlth lmd Wag`htp "@^@) / zzz-`~`-gaixon`l-hdx! @^@ lòw ta hmblmgh wag`htp*w glvlnì`tp ta xmdh~wtlmd lmt`g`vlth lmd olmljh tbh òvlgtw ae whlwamli giòlth eixgtxltàmw ta òv~auh bxolm zhiel~h lmd tbh hmu`~amohmt hwvhg`liip `m dhuhiav`mj gaxmt~`hw tb~axjb wt~lthj`g lmd lvvi`hd ~hwhl~gb hdxgltàm lmd glvlg`tp/nxìd`mj lmd v~au`wàm ae ea~hglwt lmd


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Dhuhiav gaooxm`gltàm lmd d`wwho`mltàm ohgblm`wow ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc `mea~oltàm lmd hl~ip zl~m`mj

L- Xmdh~wtlmd`mj tbh tlwc Zblt*w tbh vx~vawh ae tb`w tlwc1 Tb`w tlwc lòw ta wt~hmjtbhm ohgblm`wow ea~ heehgtùhip gaooxm`glt`mj lmd d`wwho`mlt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc `mea~oltàm lmd hl~ip zl~m`mjw ta lii whgta~w ae tbh vavxiltàm-

Zbp `t*w òva~tlmt Heehgtùh gaooxm`gltàm ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc `mea~oltàm `mgixd`mj hl~ip zl~m`mj hmlnihw vhavih ta lgt ta ~hdxgh tbh`~ ~`wc lmd wlehjxl~d tbh`~ iùhw lmd iùhi`baadw- Heehgtùh ~`wc ~hdxgtàm gaooxm`gltàm lmd d`wwho`mltàm wt~lthj`hw hmwx~h tblt `mea~oltàm `w xmdh~wtlmdlnih lmd ~hlgbhw lii tbawh vhavih zba mhhd `t `m tòh ta olch lvv~av~`lth dhg`wàmw- Tbh v~aghww ae gaooxm`glt`mj ~`wc lmd v~hvl~`mj gaooxm`t`hw ta ~hwvamd ta zl~m`mjw / ea~ Heehgtùh hl~ip zl~m`mj gaooxm`gltàm `mwtlmgh tb~axjb hoh~jhmgp d~ìiw / `w lm avva~txm`tp ta ~l`wh Ea~ heehgtùh gaooxm`gltàm ae zl~m`mjw lzl~hmhww lmd nxìd azmh~wb`v ae ~`wc ~hdxgtàm tbxw lih~tw wbaxid nh wba~t wòvih lmd v~hg`wh3 hovazh~`mj gaooxm`t`hw lmd ohm lmd zaohm ae lii ljhwv~au`dh tòhip `mea~oltàm lnaxt tbh Xwxliip `m hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow `t `w gaooxm`gltàm bl{l~daxw w`txltàm3 wtlth zblt lgtàm d`wwho`mltàm lmd v~hvl~hdmhww ta ~hwvamd ta zl~m`mjw tblt wbaxid nh tlchm ta ~hdxgh iaww ae ièh `mkx~p l~h tbh zhlchwt i`mcwlmd v~avh~tp dloljh3 hrvil`m tbh gamwh|xhmghw ae mat bhhd`mj tbh zl~m`mj3 g`th l g~hd`nih lxtba~`tp3 v~au`dh ehhdnlgc Baz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw ta avh~ltàmli dhg`wàm olch~w am tbh Tbh tlwc ae gaooxm`glt`mj ~`wc `mea~oltàm ~hi`hw xvam hrthmt ae vxni`g gaovi`lmgh3 bluh l heehgtùh gaxmt~pz`dh ~`wc lwwhwwohmt lmd lmlipw`w "Tlwcw vh~wamli gamthrt3 gamtl`m lgtùh uh~nw3 lmd >-< lmd >->)- @t `w giawhip i`mchd z`tb lgtù`t`hw wxgb lw ~hvhlt òva~tlmt `mea~oltàm ~hjxil~ip- Whh lwwhww`mj glvlg`t`hw lmd wt~hmjtbhm`mj hl~ip zl~m`mj tbh dhe`m`tàm ae lm hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwtho `m wpwthow "Tlwc >-7) dhuhiav`mj l v~aj~looh ta ~l`wh Tlwc >-7- "Wax~gh; Ldlvthd e~ao MDA lzl~hmhww "Tlwc 7-<) lmd hmblmg`mj tbh d`wwho`mltàm ae <00> Whgtàm 2-62) `mea~oltàm "Tlwc 7-4)- Oa~h jhmh~liip `t `w i`mchd ta heehgtùh d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww ea~ ~hwvamwh "Gblvth~ 8)-


Ta dhuhiav heehgtùh gaooxm`gltàm lmd zl~m`mj d`wwho`mltàm v~aghwwhw nhj`m np hulixlt`mj hr`wt`mj glvlg`t`hw; •

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@dhmtèp tbh ul~àxw a~jlm`{ltàmw lmd ljhmg`hw lmd atbh~ wtlchbaidh~w `muaiuhd `m gaooxm`gltàm lmd zl~m`mj d`wwho`mltàm lmd `mu`th tbho ta vl~t`g`vlth `m tbh v~aghwwG~hlth l tlnih a~ *olt~`r* olvv`mj wtlchbaidh~w tbh`~ ~aihw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw lmd tbh`~ l~hlw ae `mth~lgtàm-



Dhuhiav BE Lgaooxm`gltàm lmd d`wwho`mltàm ohgblm`wow ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc `mea~oltàm lmd hl~ip zl~m`mj •

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Dhuhiav vilmw ea~ òv~au`mj gaooxm`gltàm loamj wtlchbaidh~w lmd dhg`wàmw ~hilthd ta lih~tw lmd hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow nhtzhhm tbh ul~àxw jauh~mohmtli lmd mam/jauh~mohmtli ljhmg`hwDhuhiav z`tb ljhmg`hw lmd a~jlm`{ltàmw l wt~lthjp lmd ~hilthd lgtàm vilm ea~ ~`wc gaooxm`gltàm lmd d`wwho`mltàm tblt `w zhii gaa~d`mlthd z`tb ~hwvamwh vilmw tblt ~heihgtw gaooxm`tp ulixhw lmd `mth~hwtw lmd tblt `w exiip `mgixwùh ae zaohmD`wgxww vilm z`tb ~hihulmt ljhmg`hw- Antl`m `mdhvhmdhmt ~hu`hz lmd vx~wxh jauh~mohmt exmd`mj lmd dhviapohmt-

Hmea~gh zl~m`mj d`wwho`mltàm gbl`m tb~axjb jauh~mohmt vai`gp a~ ihj`wiltàm hovazh~`mj ~hgajm`{hd lxtba~`t`hw ta d`wwho`mlth zl~m`mj ohwwljhwDhe`mh ~aihw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw ae ~hjàmli a~ g~aww/na~dh~ hl~ip zl~m`mj ghmt~hw `mgixd`mj tbh d`wwho`mltàm ae zl~m`mjw ta mh`jbnax~`mj gaxmt~`hw-

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@dhmtèp lmd dhw`jmlth uaixmthh~ j~axvw ta ~hghùh lmd d`wwho`mlth bl{l~d zl~m`mjw z`dhip loamj hrvawhd gaooxm`t`hw hwvhg`liip `m ~x~li l~hlw zbìh hmwx~`mj tbh `mgixwàm ae zaohmV~aoath wtlchbaidh~ .za~c`mj j~axvw. tblt glm lgt lw gali`tàmw ea~ ~`wc gaooxm`gltàm lmd glm vl~t`g`vlth `m natb tbh ~`wc lzl~hmhww lmd tbh n~aldh~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm v~aj~loohDhuhiav hulixltàm wpwthow ta òv~auh gaa~d`mltàm ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt lgtàmw lmd ta v~aoath azmh~wb`v-

Ta `mwtlii `mwtlii heehgt heehgtùh ùh hl~ip hl~ip zl~m` zl~m`mj mj gaooxm gaooxm`gl `gltàm tàm wpwth wpwthow; ow; •

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@dhmtèp jlvw `m gaooxm`gltàm wh~u`ghw lmd `m tbh gaa~d`mltàm ae gaooxm`gltàm lmd d`wwho`mltàm wh~u`ghw-

Ta wxvva~t wxvva~t gaooxm` gaooxm`glt gltàm àm lmd zl~m` zl~m`mj mj d`wwho` d`wwho`mlt mltàm àm v~aghw v~aghwwhw; whw; •

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Tlìa~ tbh wpwthow ta tbh mhhdw ae `mdù`dxli gaooxm`t`hw "h-j- `m ldd`tàm ta ~ldà a~ thihu`wàm xwh w`~hmw zl~m`mj eiljw a~ jhmdh~/nlilmghd ohwwhmjh~ ~xmmh~w ea~ ~hoath gaooxm`t`hw)Hmwx~h tblt tbh gaooxm`gltàm thgbmaiaj`hw ~hlgb tbh hmt`~h vavxiltàm `mgixd`mj whlwamli vavxiltàmw lmd ~hoath iagltàmwXwh oxit`vih gaooxm`gltàm ohd`xow ta d`wwho`mlth zl~m`mj "h-j- natb olww ohd`l lmd `mea~oli gaooxm`gltàm)-

Ta hmwx~h hl~ip zl~m`mj ohwwljhw l~h xmdh~wtaad; •

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Tlìa~ zl~m`mj lih~tw lmd ohwwljhw ta tbh wvhgè`g mhhdw ae tbawh vhavih lt ~`wc "h-j- ~hgajm`{`mj dùh~wh gxitx~li wag`li jhmdh~ i`mjx`wt`g lmd hdxgltàmli nlgcj~axmdw)D`wwho`mlth jhaj~lvb`gliip wvhgè`g zl~m`mj lih~tw lmd ohwwljhw ta hmwx~h tblt zl~m`mjw eagxw am tbawh lt ~`wcD`wwho`mlth ~hgajm`{lnih lmd gamw`wthmt zl~m`mj lih~tw auh~ tòh lmd `mgixdh eaiiaz/xv lgtàmw zbhm ~h|x`~hd@mea~o tbh gaooxm`tp zbhm tbh tb~hlt blw hmdhdGamdxgt l wtxdp am baz vhavih lgghww lmd `mth~v~ht hl~ip zl~m`mj ohwwljhw- @mga~va~lth e`md`mjw `mta ohwwljh ea~oltw lmd d`wwho`mltàm v~aghwwhw-

Ea~ l gaov~hbhmwùh i`wt ae `md`glta~w ea~ hlgb ae tbh eax~ hihohmtw ae heehgtùh hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow whh Dhuhiav`mj Hl~ip Zl~m`mj Wpwthow; L Gbhgci`wt "exii ~heh~hmgh `m tbh .Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj. whgtàm)-


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>-4 Dhuhiav gaooxm`gltàm lmd d`wwho`mltàm ohgblm`wow ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc `mea~oltàm lmd hl~ip zl~m`mj


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Ljhmg`hw lmd a~jlm`{ltàmw `muaiuhd `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm gaooxm`gltàm lmd d`wwho`mltàm wxgb lw zl~m`mj ljhmg`hw gaooxm`tp/nlwhd a~jlm`{ltàmw gaooxm`gltàm thgbmaiajp gaovlm`hw lmd tbh ohd`l Ljhmg`hw lmd a~jlm`{ltàmw `m ~hwvamwh glvlnì`tp `mgixd`mj d`wlwth~ ~hi`he gùì dhehmgh lmd MJAwChp thgbm`gli hrvh~tw `m ljhmg`hw wxgb lw zhltbh~ wh~u`ghw lmd jhaiaj`gli lmd hl~tb wg`hmgh `mwt`txthw wbaxid liwa nh `muaiuhd ta hmwx~h tblt thgbm`gli olth~`li `w ga~~hgt lmd tblt `t gamtl`mw `mea~oltàm ~hihulmt ta tl~jht lxd`hmghwGaooxm`tp/nlwhd a~jlm`{ltàmw aethm l~h zhii w`txlthd `m tbh gaooxm`tp ta nh bhivexi `m gaooxm`glt`mj d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm ohwwljhw lmd d`wwho`mlt`mj zl~m`mjw- @e tbhp l~h `muaiuhd e~ao tbh wtl~t `m tbh dhw`jm ae ~`wc gaooxm`gltàm wt~lthj`hw tbh ~hwxit`mj `mea~oltàm `w i`chip ta nh oa~h heehgtùh; tbh ohwwljhw glm nh nhtth~ tlìa~hd ta tl~jht lxd`hmghw lmd tbh`~ wvhgè`g `mth~hwtwIagli jauh~mohmtw lw tbhp zìi nh `m gbl~jh ae natb gaooxm`glt`mj zl~m`mjw ta tbh vavxiltàm lmd òvihohmt`mj d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh lgtù`t`hw "wxgb lw hulgxltàmw)-


Hrhgxtùh lmd a~jlm`{ltàmli wxvva~t-

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Exmd`mj lmd bxolm ~hwax~ghw ea~ lwwhww`mj mhhdw lmd òvihohmt`mj lgtàmw ta wt~hmjtbhm v~aghwwhw-

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Xmdh~wtlmd`mj gaooxm`gltàm v~atagaiw lmd gaa~d`mltàm ae jauh~mohmtli lmd mam/jauh~mohmtli ljhmg`hw `muaiuhd `m wg`hmtè`g dltl olmljhohmt ~`wc wtxd`hw lih~tw lmd hl~ip zl~m`mjJaad gaa~d`mltàm nhtzhhm tbh wg`hmtè`g exmgtàmw lmd tbh hoh~jhmgp olmljhohmt exmgtàmw ae jauh~mohmtw lt mltàmli v~au`mg`li lmd iagli ihuhiwGlvlnì`tp ta hmjljh tbh gaooxm`tp lmd gùì wag`htp lt il~jh lmd ta nxìd am iagli`{hd glvlg`t`hw-

D- @iixwt~ltàmw D`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm gaooxm`gltàm glovl`jm) Vlvxl Mhz Jx`mhl Vlvxl Mhz Jx`mhl `w b`jbip wxwghvt`nih ta twxmlo`w mat amip nhglxwh ae `tw tavaj~lvb`gli gamd`tàmw nxt liwa nhglxwh ae tbh e~h|xhmgp ae hl~tb|xlchw lmd uaiglm`g lgtù`tp `m tbh wx~~axmd`mj whlw- @m <002 lm hl~tb|xlch ohlwx~`mj :-6 am tbh ^`gbth~ wglih aggx~~hd z`tb tbh hv`ghmt~h amip 76 cìaoht~hw e~ao tbh galwt ae ma~tb/zhwt Vlvxl Mhz Jx`mhl- Tbh ~hwxit`mj twxmlo` wt~xgc galwtli uìiljhw ae tbh L`tlvh ~hjàm gilò`mj oa~h tblm >>66 iùhw- Tbh b`jb dhltb taii wbazhd tblt zbìh twxmlo`w l~h mat mhz ta Vlvxl Mhz Jx`mhl  ihwwamw ihl~mhd e~ao v~huàxw hrvh~`hmghw bluh mat nhhm vlwwhd am ta mhz jhmh~ltàmw- Vhavih `m <002 cmhz i`ttih lnaxt tbh òo`mhmt tb~hlt ae twxmlo` bl{l~dw lmd zbhm ~hw`dhmtw ehit tbh hl~tb|xlch tbhp d`d mat whhc ~hexjh am b`jbh~ j~axmd e~ao tbh twxmlo` òohd`lthip zb`gb gamt~`nxthd ta tbh b`jb mxonh~ ae glwxlit`hw Lt tbh ~h|xhwt ae Vlvxl Mhz Jx`mhl lxtba~`t`hw LD^G `m Canh Klvlm lj~hhd ta t~lmweh~ Klvlmhwh twxmlo` hrvh~`hmgh ta Vlvxl Mhz Jx`mhl gaooxm`t`hw- Tbh LD^G v~akhgt wbazhd òv~hwwùh ~hwxitw- LD^G v~adxghd vawth~w lmd vlovbihtw `m Hmji`wb lmd iagli ilmjxljhw zb`gb ~hi`hd bhluìp am v`gtx~hw lmd ìixwt~ltàmw lmd d`wt~`nxthd tbho ta ~hw`dhmtw lmd wgbaai gbìd~hm iù`mj `m galwtli l~hlw- Tbh `mea~oltàm zlw liwa xwhd lmd d`wt~`nxthd np tbh Vlvxl Mhz Jx`mhl ^hd G~aww- Lw l ~hwxit olmp Vlvxl Mhz Jx`mhl ~hw`dhmtw bluh

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Dhuhiav BE Lgaooxm`gltàm lmd d`wwho`mltàm ohgblm`wow ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc `mea~oltàm lmd hl~ip zl~m`mj

>-4

ihl~mhd ta nhzl~h ae twxmlo`w eaiiaz`mj lm hl~tb|xlch lmd ta whhc ~hexjh am b`jbh~ j~axmd- @m >666 lm hl~tb|xlch ohlwx~`mj h`jbt am tbh ^`gbth~ wglih aggx~~hd aee tbh Vlvxl Mhz Jx`mhl galwt- Zbìh `t g~hlthd l twxmlo` tblt dhwt~aphd tbaxwlmdw ae baxwhw tbh~h zh~h ma dhltbw- LD^G gamt`mxhw ta za~c `m tb`w l~hl eaiiaz`mj `tw gaoo`tohmt ta v~au`dh jx`dlmgh ta mh`jbnax~`mj gaxmt~`hw z`tb wòìl~ v~anihowEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; XM!@WD^ Iù`mj z`tb ^`wc3 LD^G >66<-

D`wlwth~ gaooxm`gltàm wpwtho) @md`l Tbh lduh~wh heehgtw ae d`wlwth~w glm nh ~hdxghd è tbh~h `w l elì/wleh d`wlwth~ gaooxm`gltàm wpwtho- Tbh lnwhmgh ae hee`g`hmt gaooxm`gltàm lmd hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow `w ~heihgthd `m tbh b`jb glwxlit`hw e~ao olmp d`wlwth~w dhltbw tblt gaxid bluh nhhm v~huhmthd- Amh wxgb d`wlwth~ tbh >664 @md`lm Aghlm twxmlo` v~aovthd @md`l ta g~hlth l elì/v~aae d`wlwth~ gaooxm`gltàm wpwtho z`tb t~`vih ~hdxmdlmgp zb`gb i`mcw hoh~jhmgp avh~ltàm ghmt~hw lt tbh mltàmli wtlth lmd d`wt~`gt ihuhiw- Oanìh hoh~jhmgp avh~ltàm ghmt~hw bluh liwa nhhm dhuhiavhd zb`gb glm nh l`~/d~avvhd ta l d`wlwth~/leehgthd w`th lt l ~hoath iagltàm lmd i`mchd z`tb tbh mltàmli mhtza~c np wlthii`th- Tbh gaooxm`gltàm wpwtho `mgixdhw lm `mwtlmt d`wlwth~ lih~t wpwtho zb`gb t~lmwo`tw `mea~oltàm ta d`wlwth~ olmljh~w iaglthd lii auh~ tbh gaxmt~p- Tbh e`~wt vblwh ae tbh v~akhgt zb`gb i`mcw mltàmli lmd wtlth glv`tliw blw li~hldp nhhm dhuhiavhd- Tbh whgamd vblwh zb`gb zìi i`mc tbh d`wt~`gt bhld|xl~th~w `w xmdh~zlp xmdh ~zlp-Ea~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t; zzz-mdo`md`l-m`g-`m!Za~cwbavQvvt!Gaooxm`gltàmQVilmQeìhw!e~loh-bto

Xw`mj ~ldà `m d~axjbt o`t`jltàm) Zhwt Le~`gl ^ldà glm nh l gbhlv lmd heehgtùh taai `m tbh e`jbt ljl`mwt dhwh~tè`gltàm lmd d~axjbt- @m tbh o`d/<006w l thlo e~ao tbh G~lme`hid D`wlwth~ V~hvl~hdmhww Ghmt~h `m tbh Xm`thd C`mjdao ae J~hlt N~`tl`m lmd Ma~tbh~m @~hilmd za~chd z`tb tb~hh ~ldà wtltàmw lmd iagli n~aldglwth~w `m Oli` Nx~c`ml Elwa lmd H~`t~hl am l vìat v~akhgt ta e`md axt baz tbh ohd`xo gaxid nh xwhd oawt heehgtùhip- Auh~ l vh~àd ae <2 oamtbw tbh v~akhgt vl~tmh~w ~hwhl~gbhd ~hga~dhd lmd n~aldglwt tb~hh ~ldà glovl`jmw am lwvhgtw ae ~hea~hwtltàm- Tbh v~aj~loohw gaon`mhd hdxgltàm z`tb hmth~tl`mohmt v~aoat`mj wòvih lmd leea~dlnih ldu`gh `m lvv~av~`lth ea~oltw lmd iagli ilmjxljhw- L mhhdw lwwhwwohmt zlw gl~~`hd axt ta `dhmtèp tbh tbhohw ae oawt ~hihulmgh ta i`wthmh~w lw zhii lw tbh`~ vh~ghvtàmw ae tbh `wwxhw- Wgbhdxi`mj ae tbh n~aldglwtw zlw dhw`jmhd ta lgb`huh olròxo òvlgtIagli n~aldglwth~w zh~h t~l`mhd dx~`mj tbh v~aj~looh/olc`mj v~aghww- Tbh glovl`jmw* òvlgt zlw tbhm hulixlthd tb~axjb l wh~`hw ae wolii/wglih wx~uhpw lt uìiljh ihuhiTbh ~hwxitw ul~`hd `m hlgb gaxmt~p nxt tbh wx~uhpw wbazhd tblt gl~hexiip tl~jhthd zhii/oldh ~ldà v~aj~loohw gaxid v~adxgh gblmjhw `m ltt`txdh lmd nhbluàx~- Ea~ hrlovih `m Oli` leth~ v~aj~loohw bld ~hgaoohmdhd ol~c`mj lmd gamwh~u`mj mltx~liip aggx~~`mj t~hhw tbh mxonh~ ae el~oh~w `m tbh wlovih j~axv ol~c`mj tbh`~ t~hhw `mg~hlwhd e~ao 5 vh~ ghmt ta 47 vh~ ghmt- Cmazihdjh ae tbh ga~~hgt d`wtlmgh ta vilmt t~hhw lvl~t e~ao hlgb atbh~ ~awh e~ao >8 vh~ ghmt nhea~h tbh n~aldglwtw ta 26 vh~ ghmt leth~zl~dw- Tbhwh e`md`mjw zh~h game`~ohd np tbh anwh~ultàmw ae iagli ea~hwth~w lmd hrthmwàm za~ch~w zba mat`ghd lm `mg~hlwh `m tbh mxonh~ ae el~oh~w v~lgt`w`mj gamwh~ultàm ohlwx~hw- Gaovl~`wamw nhtzhhm uìiljhw `mw`dh lmd axtw`dh tbh ~ldà w`jmli l~hl game`~ohd tblt tbh gblmjhw zh~h ol`mip dxh ta tbh n~aldglwtwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; O- Oph~w J- O- Ldlo lmd I- Ililmmh Tbh Heehgtùh Xwh ae ^ldà ea~ O`t`jltàm ae D~axjbt `m tbh Wlbhi; E`mli V~akhgt ^hva~t lmd ^hgaoohmdltàmw Vixw Jx`dhi`mhw ea~ N~aldglwth~w "Wb~ùhmblo; G~lme`hid Xmùh~w`tp D`wlwth~ V~hvl~hdmhww Ghmt~h <008)-


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BEL

>-4 Dhuhiav gaooxm`gltàm lmd d`wwho`mltàm ohgblm`wow ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc `mea~oltàm lmd hl~ip zl~m`mj

H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj Vh~h{ E-P-IE-P-I- >668- .Wx~uùli Tlgt`gw Tlgt`gw ae @md`jhmaxw Vhavih.bttv;!!lgldho`g-huh~j~hhm-hdx!j!j~awwol{!IHHVHÊP!

XM!@WD^- >66:- Ihwwamw ea~ l Wleh~ Extx~h; D~lz`mj am tbh hrvh~`hmgh ae tbh @md`lm Aghlm twxmlo` d`wlwth~Jhmhul; Xm`thd Mltàmw- zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!ihwwam/ea~/l/wleh~/extx~h zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!ihwwam/ea~/l/wleh~/extx~h

XM!@WD^- >665- Dhuhiav`mj Hl~ip Zl~m`mj Zl~m`mj Wpwthow; L Gbhgci`wt- Dhuhiavhd lw lm axtgaoh ae tbh Tb`~d @mth~mltàmli Gameh~hmgh am Hl~ip Zl~m`mj >:/>0 Ol~gb >665 Namm Jh~olmpJh~olmpzzz zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!vvhz!`mea/ -xm`wd~-a~j!vvhz!`mea/ ~hwax~ghw!hzg7!gbhgci`wt!Hmji`wb-vde Tbh gbhgci`wt zlw g~hlthd ta bhiv jauh~mohmtw lmd gaooxm`t`hw òvihohmt vhavih/ghmt~hd hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow- @t zlw t~lmwilthd `mta <0 @md`lm Aghlm ilmjxljhw- Whh `m vl~t`gxil~ tbh gbhgci`wt ea~ d`wwho`mltàm lmd gaooxm`gltàm-

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Gblvth~ 7- Nxìd`mj l gxitx~h ae wlehtp lmd ~hwì`hmgh

Gblvth~ 7 Nxìd`mj l gxitx~h ae wlehtp lmd ~hwì`hmgh Bpaja E~lohza~c ea~ Lgtàm V~à~`tp 7 Xwh cmazihdjh `mmaultàm lmd hdxgltàm ta nxìd l gxitx~h ae wlehtp lmd ~hwì`hmgh lt lii ihuhiw@ovihohmt`mj V~à~`tp 7 ~h|x`~hw tbh dhuhiavohmt ae `mea~oltàm/wbl~`mj wpwthow lmd wh~u`ghw tblt hmlnih lgghww ta lmd lvvi`gltàm ae `mea~oltàm- @t `muaiuhw wt~hmjtbhm`mj mhtza~cw lmd v~aoat`mj d`liajxh lmd gaav/ h~ltàm loamj wg`hmtè`g gaooxm`t`hw lmd v~lgt`tàmh~w lmd xw`mj wtlmdl~d d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm th~o`maiajp@t liwa gliiw ea~ v~aoat`mj tbh `mgixwàm ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m wgbaai gx~~`gxil lmd dhuhiav`mj t~l`m`mj lmd ihl~m`mj v~aj~loohw am d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lt l gaooxm`tp ihuhi ea~ iagli lxtba~`t`hw lmd tl~jhthd whgta~wE`mliip `t ~h|x`~hw wt~hmjtbhm`mj ~hwhl~gb glvlg`tp lmd hmjlj`mj tbh ohd`l ta ~l`wh lzl~hmhww-

7

Wtlthw glm xmdh~tlch l mxonh~ ae tlwcw ta òvihohmt V~à~`tp 7- Tb`w gblvth~ ~hgaoohmdw tbh eaiiaz`mj tlwcw; 7-<- Dhuhiav l v~aj~looh ta ~l`wh lzl~hmhww ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm7->- @mgixdh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m tbh hdxgltàm wpwtho lmd tbh ~hwhl~gb gaooxm`tp7-7- Dhuhiav d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm t~l`m`mj ea~ chp whgta~w7-4- Hmblmgh tbh gaovìltàm d`wwho`mltàm lmd xwh ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mea~oltàmTbh eaiiaz`mj `md`glta~w l~h wxjjhwthd lw vaww`nih ohlmw ea~ lwwhww`mj v~aj~hww `m òvihohmt`mj tb`w v~à~`tp; L mltàmli vxni`g lzl~hmhww wt~lthjp ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~`wc ~hdxgtàm hr`wtw tblt ~hlgbhw lii gaooxm`t`hw lmd vha/ vih ae lii hdxgltàm ihuhiw•

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Wgbaai gx~~`gxil lt lii ihuhiw `mgixdh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm hihohmtw lmd `mwt~xgta~w l~h t~l`mhd `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lt mltàmli tb~axjb ta iagli ihuhiw-


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7-<

BEL

Dhuhiav l v~aj~looh ta ~l`wh lzl~hmhww ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm


Th~o`maiajp

Vxni`g lzl~hmhww; Tbh Tb`w tlwc whhcw ta vilm lmd òvihohmt l glovl`jm ta nxìd lzl~hmhww ae v~aghwwhw ae `mea~o`mj tbh jhmh~li vavxiltàm `mg~hlw`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wcw lmd ae ohlwx~hw ta ~hdxgh tbhwh ~`wcw- Tbh xitòlth jali `w ihuhiw ae gamwgàxwmhww lnaxt ta olch d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lm lgghvthd ulixh loamj av`màm olch~w lmd tbh jhmh~li vxni`g lmd ta hovazh~ lii ihuhiw ae wag`htp ta ~hdxgh tbh`~ ~`wcw lmd baz vhavih glm lgt ta ~hdxgh tbh`~ hrvawx~h ta bl{l~dw~`wcwTb`w `w vl~t`gxil~ip òva~tlmt ea~ vxni`g aee`g`liw `m exieìi`mj tbh`~ ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw ta wluh iùhw lmd Zbp `t*w òva~tlmt v~avh~tp `m tbh huhmt ae l Lzl~hmhww liiazw vhavih ta v~athgt tbhowhiuhw `m tbh`~ huh~pdlp iùhw lmd d`wlwth~tb~axjb tbh`~ v~aehwwàmli ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw- Xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae d`wlwth~ ~`wcw Vxni`g lzl~hmhww lgtù`t`hw eawth~ liwa `mg~hlwhw tbh heehgtùhmhww ae hl~ip zl~m`mj lmd vai`gp gblmjhw `m nhbluàx~ ihld`mj òvihohmtltàmtazl~dw l gxitx~h ae ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- Tb`w `muaiuhw vxni`g `mea~oltàm d`wwho`mltàm Baz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw hdxgltàm ~ldà a~ thihu`wàm Tb`w tlwc `w giawhip i`mchd ta tblt ae gaooxm`glt`mj ~`wc cmazihdjh "Tlwc n~aldglwtw lmd xwh ae v~`mthd >-4) lmd tbh n~aldh~ tlwc ae hmblmg`mj tbh d`wwho`mltàm ae ~`wc ohd`l lw zhii lw tbh `mea~oltàm "Tlwc 7-4)- @t liwa hmlnihw vhavih ta nh v~hvl~hd ta ~hwvamd ta hwtlni`wbohmt ae `mea~oltàm d`wlwth~w "Gblvth~ 8)ghmt~hw lmd mhtza~cw lmd gaooxm`tp lmd vl~t`g`vltàm lgtàmw- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Zblt*w tbh vx~vawh ae tb`w tlwc1

Lzl~hmhww glovl`jmw lw ohlmw ta `meixhmgh lmd gblmjh nhbluàx~ Lzl~hmhww/~l`w`mj `w lm `mth~lgtùh v~aghww `m zb`gb dèeh~hmt vl~t`hw l~h hmjljhd hlgb z`tb `tw azm ~aihw ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw lmd zlpw ta olch `tw ua`gh bhl~d lmd ta g~hlth wag`li `meixhmgh- @m lzl~hmhww glovl`jmw vai`gpolch~w lmd atbh~ `mth~hwthd j~axvw lò ta gblmjh nhbluàx~ np lith~`mj wag`li ma~ow lmd ltt`txdhw- Tpv`gliip glovl`jmw eagxw am v~au`d`mj `mea~oltàm lmd cmazihdjh ta `meixhmgh `mdù`dxli ltt`txdhw- Cmaz`mj tbh ~hwxitw ae tbh`~ nhbluàx~ lmd ~hli`{`mj tbh òva~tlmgh ae gblmjh glm `meixhmgh vhavih ta lith~ tbh`~ gamdxgtAtbh~ lzl~hmhww `m`t`ltùhw olp whhc ta `meixhmgh wag`li ma~owDhw`jm`mj l glovl`jm `m l vl~t`g`vlta~p olmmh~ glm bhiv a~jlm`{h~w wtlp giawh~ ta tbh `dhlw gamwt~l`mtw lmd avva~txm`t`hw ae tbh tl~jht lxd`hmgh- Cmazihdjh hrgblmjh z`tb zaohm*w lmd gaooxm`tp j~axvw `w oa~h xwhexi tblm tav/dazm gaooxm`gltàm ae *hrvh~t* cmazihdjhGlovl`jmw wbaxid eagxw am `mg~hlw`mj xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae iagliip vh~ghùhd v~anihow lmd tbh`~ waixtàmw- Tbh nhbluàx~ gblmjhw waxjbt wbaxid mat amip ~heihgt l z`dh xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae `wwxhw tblt l~h òva~tlmt ta vhavih*w azm iùhw nxt liwa mhhd ta nh ehlw`nih lmd hlwp ta gl~~p axt- "Wax~gh; Wgbllv lmd ulm Wthhmnh~jhm >664)


Th~o`maiajp)

^hwì`hmgh; Tbh glvlg`tp ae l wpwtho gaooxm`tp a~ wag`htp vathmt`liip hrvawhd ta bl{l~dw ta ldlvt np ~hw`wt`mj a~ gblmj`mj `m a~dh~ ta ~hlgb lmd ol`mtl`m lm lgghvtlnih ihuhi ae exmgtàm`mj lmd wt~xgtx~h- Tb`w `w dhth~o`mhd np tbh dhj~hh ta zb`gb tbh wag`li wpwtho `w glvlnih ae a~jlm`{`mj `twhie ta `mg~hlwh `tw glvlg`tp ea~ ihl~m`mj e~ao vlwt d`wlwth~w ea~ nhtth~ extx~h v~athgtàm lmd ta òv~auh ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ohlwx~hw"Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp)

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7-< Dhuhiav l v~aj~looh ta ~l`wh lzl~hmhww ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm

N- Baz ta da `t

BEL

^hgaoohmdhd wthvw Lzl~hmhww glovl`jmw mhhd ta `mgixdh l z`dh ul~`htp ae lgtù`t`hw eagxwhd am ul~àxw lxd`hmghw lmd òvihohmthd np dèeh~hmt lgta~w<-

Ta dhuhiav dhuhiav lm lvv~av lvv~av~`lth ~`lth lzl~hm lzl~hmhww hww glovl`jm glovl`jm wt~lth wt~lthjp jp l gaxmt~p gaxmt~p mhhdw ta; •

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Whgx~h gamt`mxhd ~hwax~ghw ea~ òvihohmt`mj lzl~hmhww glovl`jmwDhth~o`mh zb`gb gaooxm`gltàm gblmmhiw zìi lvvhli ta tbh z`dhwt ~lmjh ae wtlchbaidh~w ta hmwx~h tbh glovl`jmw ~hlgb zaohm lmd atbh~ b`jb/~`wc j~axvwWhhc ta hmjljh lmd `mea~o dèeh~hmt ljh j~axvw wa lw ta nxìd wxwtl`mhd xmdh~wtlmd`mj lg~aww jhmh~l/ tàmwHwtlni`wb ~hiltàmwb`vw ea~ tbh `muaiuhohmt ae ohd`l v~aehwwàmliw lmd atbh~ gaooh~g`li lmd ol~cht`mj `mth~hwtwHmjljh ~hwvhgthd iagli aee`g`liw ~hi`jàxw lmd gaooxm`tp ihldh~w lmd zaohm*w lmd atbh~ wvhg`li `mth~/ hwt j~axvw `m a~dh~ ta d`wwho`mlth `mea~oltàm lmd hmgax~ljh vl~t`g`vltàm-

Ohlwx~hw Ohlwx~ hw tblt tblt glm wxvva~ wxvva~tt heehgtùh heehgtùh òviho òvihohmtlt` hmtltàm am ae lm lzl~hmhww lzl~hmhww glovl`j glovl`jmm `mgixdh; `mgixdh; •

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Whihgt lmd xmdh~tlch lgtù`t`hw tblt zìi lvvhli ta tl~jht j~axvw / wxgb lw hdxgltàmli glovl`jmw `m wgbaaiw lmd gaooxm`tp ghmt~hw gaooxm`tp el`~w lmmxli gaoohoa~ltùh huhmtw a~ ehwtùliw lmd mh`jb/ nax~baad wlehtp d~ìiw lmd wòxiltàmwV~aoath lgtù`t`hw tblt hmlnih wgbaai/ljhd gbìd~hm ta `meixhmgh vl~hmtwHmgax~ljh v~ùlth lmd gaooh~g`li hmth~v~`whw ta ~l`wh lzl~hmhww loamj tbh`~ hoviaphhw lmd g~hlth `mghmtùhw ea~ hoviaphhw* z`dh~ `muaiuhohmt `m lzl~hmhww glovl`jmw tb~axjb wxgb lgtù`t`hw lw wvam/ wa~wb`vw lmd lduh~t`w`mj avva~txm`t`hwA~jlm`{h za~cwbavw ea~xow lmd hdxgltàmli lgtù`t`hw ea~ gaooxm`t`hw lt iagli wag`li lmd gxitx~li elgì`/ t`hw-

7- Nl Nlw`g w`g v~` v~`mg mg`v `vih ihww ae lzl~h lzl~hmh mhww ww v~aj v~aj~l ~loo oohw hw •

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Dhw`jm lmd òvihohmt v~aj~loohw z`tb l gihl~ xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae iagli vh~wvhgtùhw lmd ~h|x`~hohmtwDhwg~`vtùh olth~`liw wbaxid ~heihgt iagli gamd`tàmwTl~jht lii whgtàmw ae wag`htp `mgixd`mj dhg`wàm olch~w hdxglta~w v~aehwwàmliw ohonh~w ae tbh vxni`g lmd `mdù`dxliw iù`mj `m tb~hlthmhd gaooxm`t`hwDèeh~hmt tpvhw ae ohwwljhw iagltàmw lmd dhiùh~p wpwthow l~h mhghwwl~p ta ~hlgb tbh ul~àxw tl~jht lxd`hmghwWxwtl`mhd heea~tw l~h g~xg`li ta wxgghww litbaxjb w`mjih lgtù`t`hw wxgb lw gaoohoa~ltùh d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm huhmtw lmd wvhg`li `wwxh glovl`jmw glm nh xwhexi è tbhp l~h vl~t ae l il~jh~ gamw`wthmt v~a/ j~looh-



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Dhuhiav l v~aj~looh ta ~l`wh lzl~hmhww ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm 7-<


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Jauh~mohmt aee`g`liw lt mltàmli lmd iagli ihuhiwOhd`l lmd vxni`g gaooxm`glta~wHdxglta~w lmd atbh~ `mwt`txtàmli lgta~wGaooxm`tp ihldh~w zaohm*w j~axvw lmd iagli j~axvw `muaiuhd `m vxni`g lgtàmMJAw / iagli mltàmli ~hjàmli lmd `mth~mltàmli-


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Lggx~lth lmd gx~~hmt cmazihdjh lnaxt natb d`wlwth~ ~`wc lmd ~hihulmt gaooxm`t`hwVl~t`g`vltàm ae jauh~mohmt aee`g`liw lmd gaooxm`tp ihldh~wXmdh~wtlmd`mj lgghvtlmgh lmd wxvva~t e~ao iagli gaooxm`tp ohonh~wOlth~`li lmd e`mlmg`li ~hwax~ghw ea~ wxwtl`m`mj tbh v~aj~looh-

D- @iixwt~ltàmw Lzl~hmhww glovl`jm) @wilo`g ^hvxni`g ae @~lm @m Dhghonh~ >667 lm hl~tb|xlch wt~xgc waxtb/hlwth~m @~lm cìi`mj oa~h tblm 47666 vhavih ihlu`mj 56666 baohihww lmd dhwt~ap`mj oxgb ae tbh g`tp ae Nlo- Wba~tip leth~ tbh Jauh~mohmt ~hu`whd `tw mltàmli wt~lthjp ea~ hl~tb|xlch ~`wc ~hdxgtàm eagxw`mj am v~aoat`mj l gxitx~h ae v~huhmtàm tb~axjb lm lzl~hmhww glovl`jm- Tbh glovl`jm v~aoathd v~hvl~hdmhww lmd wlehtp `m hlwìp xmdh~wtaad vavxil~ ea~oltw xw`mj lii ohd`l `mgixd`mj vawth~w nìinal~dw lmd olth~`liw dhd`glthd ta gbìd~hm*w hdxgltàm- Tb`w hdxgltàmli olth~`li `mgixdhd gaiax~exi lmd ljh/lvv~av~`lth `mea~oltàm am hl~tb|xlchw lmd hl~tb|xlch wlehtp `m naacihtw vawth~w z~`t`mj lmd vl`mt`mj hrb`n`tàmw- Tbh glovl`jm liwa hwtlni`wbhd lm lmmxli d~ìi ea~ wgbaaiw lmd a~jlm`{hd l vxni`g ~liipWvhg`li heea~tw zh~h oldh ta `mgixdh zaohm `m tbh v~aghwwGlovl`jm a~jlm`{h~w `dhmtè`hd `md`glta~w ta ohlwx~h tbh`~ v~aj~hww `m `mg~hlw`mj vxni`g xmdh~wtlmd`mj- Vlmhiw ae gaooxm`tp ohonh~w ae dèeh~hmt ljhw lmd jhmdh~ ~hwvamdhd ta |xhwtàmw tblt gaxid d`wvilp tbh`~ cmazihdjh lmd vilmw ea~ lgtàm am hl~tb|xlch wlehtp- V~aj~hww zlw ohlwx~hd np t~lgc`mj tbh`~ ~hvi`hw- Tbh ~hwxitw wbazhd òv~auhd lzl~hmhww gamgh~m lmd v~hvl~hdmhww loamj tbh iagli vhavihEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t tbh Mltx~li D`wlwth~ Tlwc Ea~gh ae @~lm; bttv;!!bluldhw-oa`-`~ lmd ea~ `mea~oltàm am tbh hl~tb|xlch d~ìiw whh tbh @mth~mltàmli @mwt`txth ae Hl~tb|xlch Hmj`mhh~`mj lmd Wh`woaiajp zhnw`th; zzz-``hhw-lg-`~!Hmji`wb!`mdhrQh-lwv

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7-< Dhuhiav l v~aj~looh ta ~l`wh lzl~hmhww ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm

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uximh~lnih ta wh`wo`g bl{l~dw- @t `w v~akhgthd tblt xv ta amh/tb`~d ae lii Lioltp*w ~hw`dhmt`li nxìd`mjw zaxid nh dhwt~aphd `m tbh huhmt ae l gltlwt~avb`g hl~tb|xlch- Tb`w dahw mat `mgixdh vxni`g `me~lwt~xgtx~h wxgb lw wgbaaiw bawv`tliw vazh~ vilmtw lmd atbh~ g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw zb`gb l~h liwa lt j~hlt ~`wcJùhm tbh iaz i`chi`baad tblt hr`wt`mj wt~xgtx~hw zìi nh ~ht~ae`tthd ta v~athgt ljl`mwt wh`wo`g uximh~lnì`tp l gaov~hbhmwùh wh`wo`g wlehtp v~aj~looh oxwt `mgixdh nxìd`mj natb lzl~hmhww lmd tbh glvlg`tp ae iagli a~jlm`{ltàmw ta ~hwvamd ta hoh~jhmg`hw- @m ~hwvamwh ta lm xon~hiil `m`t`ltùh ae XMDV*w NGV^ D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm Xm`t tbh Jauh~mohmt ae Cl{lcbwtlm lmd XMDV dhw`jmhd l ka`mt v~akhgt `m tbh gaxmt~p ta wxvva~t iagli ~`wc olmljhohmt `m hl~tb|xlch {amhw tb~axjb lzl~hmhww/~l`w`mj- Tbh v~akhgt xwhw t~l`m`mj n~agbx~hw eìow lmd hdxgltàmli oadxihw ta ~l`wh tbh lzl~hmhww ae tbh iagli leehgthd vavxiltàmw dhg`wàm olch~w lmd tbh z`dh~ vxni`g am d`wlwth~w lw zhii lw am d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh wt~lthj`hw- Tbh e`~wt hrvh~`hmghw lt vìat wgbaaiw wbazhd wt~amj ~hwxitw z`tb wtxdhmtw lmd thlgbh~w `mth~hwthd `m za~c`mj z`tb tbh v~aj~looh am wlehtp `wwxhwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t tbh @WD^ zhnw`th lt; zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!zd~g/>665/>66:

Wgbaaiw gaac`mj xv l wta~o `m Klol`gl Klol`gl ~xmw l oxitèlghthd bl{l~d lzl~hmhww v~aj~looh `m wgbaaiw- Hihohmtw `mgixdh e`~h lmd hl~tb|xlch d~ìiw vawth~ gaovht`tàmw lmd gxitx~li gaovht`tàmw / gamthwtw `muaiu`mj wamj dlmgh lmd wc`tw np wgbaaiw lw zhii lw hrb`n`tàmw lmd tlicw- @m gaiilna~ltàm z`tb tbh O`m`wt~p ae Hdxgltàm Klol`gl*w Aee`gh ae D`wlwth~ V~hvl~hdmhww lmd Hoh~jhmgp Olmljhohmt v~aoathw D`wlwth~ Lzl~hmhww Dlp lmd D`wlwth~ V~hvl~hdmhww Dlp `m wgbaaiw- Tbhwh huhmtw aggx~ `m Klmxl~p lmd Kxmh ~hwvhgtùhip tbh iltth~ oamtb liwa w`jmlii`mj tbh wtl~t ae bx~~`glmh whlwam- Tbh Aee`gh liwa ol`mtl`mw lm `mea~oltàmli zhnw`th ea~ gbìd~hm lmd v~adxghw gbìd~hm*w naacw u`dhaw lmd vawth~w@m ldd`tàm d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww `w `mga~va~lthd `m gx~~`gxixo ea~ ul~àxw wxnkhgtw lt tbh v~òl~p whgamdl~p lmd th~t`l~p ihuhiw `mgixd`mj l~hlw wxgb lw olww gaooxm`gltàm lmd ~hwax~gh olmljhohmt- Tbh Aee`gh `w hmgax~lj`mj tbh O`m`wt~p ae Hdxgltàm ta gamw`dh~ bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnì`tp ~hdxgtàm z`tb ~hwvhgt ta tbh iagltàm lmd dhw`jm ae wgbaaiwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; .Iht Ax~ Gbìd~hm Thlgb Thlgb Xw, L ^hu`hz ae tbh âih ae Hdxgltàm lmd Cmazihdjh ` m D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm.- zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!iht/ax~/gbìd~hm/thlgb/xw zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!iht/ax~/gbìd~hm/thlgb/xw

H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj LD^G LD^^M- >668- @mlox~l ma B`- Lw`lm D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm Ghmth~zhn-ld~g-a~-kv!vxni`gltàmw!`mlox~l!i`wt-btoi Tb`w `w l wh~`hw ae vxni`g `mea~oltàm wta~`hw v~hvl~hd `m h`jbt ilmjxljhw ae Waxtb/Hlwt Lw`l- @t zlw dhuhiavhd `m gaiilna~ltàm z`tb LD^G lmd tbh ohonh~w ae tbh Lw`lm D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm lmd ^hwvamwh Mhtza~c "LD^^M)C~hòh~ L- lmd L~maid O- >666- Olmlj`mj ^`wc `m Hoh~j`mj Hgamao`hw- Zlwb`mjtam DG; Za~id Nlmc-

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BEL

Dhuhiav l v~aj~looh ta ~l`wh lzl~hmhww ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm 7-<

XM!@WD^- >665- Iht Ax~ Gbìd~hm Thlgb Thlgb Xw, L ^hu`hz ae tbh âih ae Hdxgltàm lmd Cmazihdjh `m D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm- XM!@WD^ wpwtho Tbholt`g Gixwth~!Viltea~o am Cmazihdjh lmd Hdxgltàm wtxdp v~hvl~hd np Nhm Z`wmh~- Nlmjlia~h @md`l; Naacw ea~ Gblmjhzzz-xm`wd~-a~j!iht/ax~/gbìd~hm/thlgb/xw Z`wmh~ N- ht li- >668- Lt ^`wc; Mltx~li Bl{l~dw Vhavih*w Uximh~lnì`tp lmd D`wlwth~w- >md hd`tàm- Iamdam; âxtihdjh-

Zhnw`thw Lzl~hmhww lmd V~hvl~hdmhww ea~ Hoh~jhmg`hw lt tbh Iagli Ihuhi "LVHII) / zzz-xmhvt`h-a~j!vg!lvhii!d`wlwth~w!i`wtw!mltQd`wlwth~-bto LVHII `w l v~aghww dhw`jmhd ta g~hlth lzl~hmhww ae bl{l~dw lmd ta hmwx~h tblt gaooxm`t`hw lmd hoh~jhmgp wh~u`ghw l~h ldh|xlthip t~l`mhd lmd v~hvl~hd ta ~hwvamdJianli E`~h Oam`ta~`mj Ghmth~ "JEOG); Gaooxm`tp Nlwhd E`~h Olmljhohmt "GNEÒ) / zzz-e`~h-xm`/ e~h`nx~j-dh!Olmlj!GNEÒ-bto GNEÒ `w l tpvh ae ilmd lmd ea~hwt olmljhohmt `m zb`gb l iagliip ~hw`dhmt gaooxm`tp "z`tb a~ z`tbaxt tbh gaiilna~ltàm ae atbh~ wtlchbaidh~w) `w wh~àxwip `muaiuhd `m dhg`d`mj tbh ankhgtùhw lmd v~lgt`ghw ea~ v~huhmt`mj gamt~aii`mj a~ xtì`{`mj e`~hw- Tbh JEOG GNEÒ zhn va~tli v~au`dhw lgghww ta GNEÒ v~`mg`vihw glwh wtxd`hw lmd ihwwamw ihl~mhd tb~axjbaxt tbh za~id-

7

XM!@WD^ Glovl`jm ">665/>66:); D`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm nhj`mw lt wgbaai // zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!zd~g/>665/>66: Tb`w `w tbh zhnw`th ae tbh >665/>66: Za~id D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm Glovl`jm-


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BEL

@mgixdh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m tbh hdxgltàm wpwtho lmd tbh ~hwhl~gb gaooxm`tp

L- Xmdh~wtlmd`mj tbh tlwc Zblt*w tbh vx~vawh ae tb`w tlwc1 Tb`w tlwc lòw ta `mgixdh hihohmtw ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta tbh hmt`~h hdxgltàm wpwtho / e~ao hihohmtl~p wgbaai ta xmùh~w`tp ihuhi / lmd h|xliip ta v~aoath lvvi`hd lmd jhmdh~/whmw`tùh ~hwhl~gb `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm v~lgt`ghw-

Zbp `t*w òva~tlmt @mga~va~lt`mj bl{l~d lmd d`wlwth~ ~`wc/~hilthd `wwxhw `mta hr`wt`mj hdxgltàm gx~~`gxil gamt~`nxthw ta gamt`mxaxw ihl~m`mj lmd ~h`mea~ghw d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm cmazihdjh- Hdxglt`mj paxmjh~ jhmh~ltàmw `mwtìw d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lw l ulixh `m wag`htp / l ulixh tblt zìi nh t~lmwo`tthd ta extx~h jhmh~ltàmw- Gbìd~hm l~h tbxw heehgtùh ljhmtw ea~ òv~au`mj wlehtp lmd ~hwì`hmgh- B`jbh~ hdxgltàm lmd lvvi`hd ~hwhl~gb liwa oh~`t wvhg`li ltthmtàm lw tbhp l~h tbh wax~ghw ae v~lgt`gli ohlmw ta nxìd d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm glvlg`t`hw-

Baz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw Tb`w tlwc nxìdw am ~`wc cmazihdjh "Gblvth~ >) lmd hmlnihw lvv~av~`lth ~hwvamwh ta hl~ip zl~m`mj lmd ta d`wlwth~ huhmtw tb~axjb v~hvl~hdmhww "Gblvth~ 8)-

N- Baz ta da `t ^hgaoohmdhd wthvw Ta `mgixdh hihohmtw ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m tbh hdxgltàm wpwtho; <-

Hwtlni`wb l tlwc ea~gh lmd ul~àxw gaoo`tthhw ta eagxw am tbh dèeh~hmt ihuhiw ae hdxgltàm `mgixd`mj xmùh~w`t`hw-

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Lwwhww tbh gx~~hmt cmazihdjh ae d`wlwth~w lmd d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm lt lii ljh ihuhiw tb~axjb wx~uhpw- Lmlipwh hr`wt`mj gx~~`gxil ta dhth~o`mh zbhtbh~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc `wwxhw l~h lvv~av~`lthip ldd~hwwhd-

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V~aoath tbh `mgixwàm ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm tav`gw `m hr`wt`mj wxnkhgtw nhpamd wg`hmgh lmd jhaj~lvbp liamh wxgb lw ~hld`mj l~t b`wta~p wagàiajp hmj`mhh~`mj hmu`~amohmtli olmljhohmt bpd~aiajp vilmm`mj lmd vxni`g bhlitb-

4-

Gaiihgt hdxgltàm olth~`li lmd lmlipwh `t `m a~dh~ ta dhuhiav jx`dhi`mhw ea~ hdxglta~w am baz nhwt ta `mga~va~lth d`wlwth~/~hilthd `mea~oltàm `mta ~hihulmt l~hlw ae tbh`~ gx~~`gxil-

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V~au`dh t~l`m`mj ea~ thlgbh~w lmd wgbaai aee`g`liw ~hjl~d`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc hdxgltàm-

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Hmgax~ljh xmùh~w`t`hw ta dhuhiav dhj~hh v~aj~loohw wvhgè`g ta d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt lmd ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `wwxhw-

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Hmgax~ljh tbh xwh ae hihgt~am`g lmd d`wtlmgh ihl~m`mj ta ex~tbh~ hrvlmd lgghww ta d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm hdxgltàm-

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BEL

@mgixdh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m tbh hdxgltàm wpwtho lmd tbh ~hwhl~gb gaooxm`tp 7->

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Hmgax~ljh tbh dhuhiavohmt ae lvvi`hd wg`hmtè`g wagà/hgamao`g lmd thgbm`gli ~hwhl~gb ta ldulmgh xmdh~wtlmd`mj lmd lvvi`gltàm ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m dhuhiavohmt v~lgt`ghwV~aoat`mj lvvi`hd ~hwhl~gb tb~axjb l 0- G~hlth avva~txm`t`hw ea~ d`liajxh loamj mltàmli ~hwhl~gb ljhmdl ~hwhl~gbh~w vai`gpolch~w lmd v~lgt`tàmh~wJauh~mohmtw glm v~aoath lvvi`hd ~hwhl~gb np dhuhiav`mj l mltàmli ~hwhl~gb ljhmdl g~hlt`mj avva~txm`t`hw ea~ d`liajxh loamj \xhwtàmw ta lwc lgldho`gw v~aehwwàmliw lmd tbh v~ùlth @m dhuhiav`mj tbh hdxgltàm gx~~`gxil lwc; whgta~- Mltàmli viltea~ow `m vl~t`gxil~ bluh tbh Dahw tbh gx~~`gxixo ~heihgt bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnì`t`hw òva~tlmt ~hwvamw`nì`tp ta elgì`tlth lvvi`hd `m natb mltàmli lmd iagli wglihw1 Dahw `t olch tbh ~hwhl~gb tb~axjb dhuhiavohmt ae l mltàmli `mea~oltàm iagliip ~hihulmt np eagxw`mj am tbh wag`li oxit`d`wg`vi`ml~p ~hwhl~gb ljhmdl lmd ta hgamao`g lmd hmu`~amohmtli dòhmwàmw ae bl{l~dw hmgax~ljh lmd jx`dh ~hwhl~gb tblt bhivw ta lmd am z`dh~ vxni`g hrvawx~h ta ~`wc zbh~h wtxdhmtw dhuhiav gamghvtxli e~lohza~cw lmd lmd tbh`~ eloì`hw iùh1 ohtbadaiaj`gli wt~xgtx~hw a~ lvv~algbhw "whh Tlwc <-> am mltàmli viltea~ow)Dahw tbh v~òl~p wgbaai gx~~`gxixo gaooxm`glth `mea~oltàm `m lm lvvhli`mj olmmh~ "h-j- tb~axjb jlohw e`hid t~`vw d~lolt`g l~tw lmd atbh~ ea~ow ae wtxdhmt hmjljhohmt)1 •

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Da wgbaaiw lmd atbh~ ihl~m`mj ghmt~hw hmjljh hrth~mli wvhlch~w lmd hrvh~tw lmd wh`{h avva~txm`t`hw ta n~`mj tajhtbh~ paxmjh~ lmd aidh~ jhmh~ltàmw ta d`wgxww d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm1

7

Da th~t`l~p/ihuhi lgldho`g `mwt`txtàmw bluh ~hwhl~gb v~aj~loohw eagxwhd am d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm1 L~h tbh mhghwwl~p ~hwax~ghw lmd exmdw lulìlnih ea~ hdxglta~w lmd tbh lgldho`g gaooxm`tp1 Glm hr`wt`mj mhtza~cw nh ~h`mea~ghd ta nxìd vl~tmh~wb`vw loamj hdxglta~w lmd tbh lgldho`g gaooxm`tp lmd lg~aww elgxit`hw lmd d`wg`vi`mhw1 L~h tbh~h `mghmtùhw ea~ mltàmli lmd iagli vai`gpolch~w ta hwtlni`wb lm hdxgltàm gx~~`gxixo tblt `mgixdhw d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm wxnkhgt oltth~1


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Hdxglta~w lmd v~aehwwàmliw e~ao tbh hdxgltàmli whgta~O`m`wt~p ae hdxgltàm ~hv~hwhmtltùhw lmd b`jbh~ hdxgltàm vai`gpolch~wD`wlwth~ lmd ~`wc olmljhohmt hrvh~twLgldho`gw lmd ~hwhl~gb gaooxm`tp ~hv~hwhmtltùhwVl~hmt lmd thlgbh~ lwwag`ltàmwGbìd~hm lmd paxtbV~ùlth whgta~ vxni`g whgta~ lmd gaooxm`t`hwMam/jauh~mohmtli lmd gaooxm`tp/nlwhd a~jlm`{ltàmw-


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7-> @mgixdh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m tbh hdxgltàm wpwtho lmd tbh ~hwhl~gb gaooxm`tp

BEL


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Vai`t`gli gaoo`tohmt lmd gaooxm`tp wxvva~tLiiagltàm ae bxolm lmd e`mlmg`li ~hwax~ghwTbh gaoo`tohmt lmd hmjljhohmt ae tbh ~hihulmt hdxgltàmli lxtba~`t`hw-

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Dhuhiav`mj lm ljhmdl ea~ lvvi`hd ~hwhl~gb) Xm`thd Wtlthw ae Loh~`gl Tbh Xm`thd Wtlthw* Whgamd Lwwhwwohmt ae ^hwhl~gb lmd Lvvi`gltàmw ea~ Mltx~li Bl{l~dw zlw l oxit`/phl~ v~akhgt wvamwa~hd np tbh Mltàmli Wg`hmgh Eaxmdltàm z`tb wxvva~t`mj gamt~`nxtàmw e~ao tbh Ehdh~li Hoh~jhmgp Olmljhohmt Ljhmgp tbh Xm`thd Wtlthw Hmu`~amohmtli V~athgtàm Ljhmgp tbh Xm`thd Wtlthw Ea~hwt Wh~u`gh lmd tbh Xm`thd Wtlthw Jhaiaj`gli Wx~uhp- @t nhjlm `m <004 z`tb tbh ea~oli o`wwàm ae e`~wt wxool~`{`mj zblt `w cmazm `m ul~àxw e`hidw ae wg`hmgh lmd hmj`mhh~`mj tblt `w lvvi`glnih ta mltx~li lmd ~hilthd thgbmaiaj`gli bl{l~dw `m tbh Xm`thd Wtlthw ae Loh~`gl3 ilth~ ~hwhl~gb lmd vai`gp ~hgaoohmdltàmw ea~ tbh extx~h zh~h dhuhiavhd- Tbh v~akhgt `muaiuhd tbh uaixmthh~ lww`wtlmgh ae wga~hw ae wgbail~w lmd v~lgt`tàmh~w e~ao lg~aww tbh gaxmt~p- Lm ldu`wa~p vlmhi gaov~`whd v~òl~ìp ae ~hv~hwhmtltùhw ae ehdh~li ljhmg`hw z`tb l wtlch `m bl{l~d o`t`jltàm v~aj~loohw jx`dhd tbh za~cTbh ~hwxitw ae tbh v~akhgt l~h gaovìhd `m tbh naac D`wlwth~w np Dhw`jm; l ^hlwwhwwohmt ae Mltx~li Bl{l~dw `m tbh Xm`thd Wtlthw- Tbhwh ~hwxitw `mgixdh l gaov~hbhmwùh ~hgaoohmdhd ljhmdl ea~ wxwtl`mlnih bl{l~d o`t`jltàm ~hwhl~gb `m tbh Xm`thd Wtlthw ae Loh~`gl- Tbh naac liwa wxool~`{hw tbh bl{l~dw ~hwhl~gb e`md`mjw e~ao tbh ilwt tza dhgldhw lmd axti`mhw l v~avawhd wbèt `m d`~hgtàm ea~ ~hwhl~gb lmd vai`gp am mltx~li lmd ~hilthd thgbmaiaj`gli bl{l~dw-

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Ea~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t tbh zhnw`th ae tbh Mltx~li Bl{l~dw ^hwhl~gb lmd Lvvi`gltàmw @mea~oltàm Ghmth~ Xmùh~w`tp ae Gaia~lda lt; zzz-gaia~lda-hdx!bl{l~dw!vxni`gltàmw!d`wlwth~wnpdhw`jm-btoi

Iht*w nh v~hvl~hd / lm hdxgltàmli v~akhgt lnaxt d`wlwth~w) Gxnl Gxnl `w bhluìp hrvawhd ta mltx~li bl{l~dw wxgb lw t~av`gli gpgiamhw eiaadw `mthmwh ~l`mw lmd wt~amj z`mdwDx~`mj lm luh~ljh whlwam xv ta thm bx~~`glmhw ea~o mhl~ tbh `wilmd- Lzl~hmhww ae tbhwh mltx~li bl{l~d ~`wcw blw `mg~hlwhd `m ~hghmt phl~w lw tbh Gxnlm Jauh~mohmt blw òvihohmthd wt~lthj`hw ta w`jmè`glmtip ~hdxgh tbh vavxiltàm*w uximh~lnì`tp ta d`wlwth~w- Tbhwh wt~lthj`hw bluh dhg~hlwhd iawwhw ta bxolm ièh lj~`gxitx~h lmd iùhwtagcGxnl blw `mga~va~lthd d`wlwth~ ~`wc lzl~hmhww `mta ul~àxw wgbaai v~aj~loohw tb~axjb gxitx~li t~l`m`mj hrt~lgx~~`gxil~ lmd mam/thlgbh~/ghmt~hd lgtù`t`hw- Dhwv`th tbhwh heea~tw tbh i`mcw nhtzhhm d`wlwth~ hdxgltàm lmd gaooxm`t`hw wtìi ~h|x`~h wt~hmjtbhm`mj z`tb wtxdhmtw lw tbh ihld`mj lgta~w `m tb`w v~aghww@m ~hwvamwh ta tb`w mhhd l v~akhgt hmt`tihd .L V~hvl~l~maw. zlw òvihohmthd `m tbh v~au`mgh v~au`mgh ae Baijx`m ta dhuhiav hmu`~amohmtli lmd d`wlwth~ hdxgltàm tb~axjb ea~oli lmd `mea~oli ohlmw- @t `muaiuhd tbh vl~t`g`vltàm ae gbìd~hm lmd tbh gaooxm`tp lt il~jh- Tbh v~akhgt eagxwhd am tbh ~hiltàmwb`v nhtzhhm wgbaaiw lmd gaooxm`t`hw- @t ldlvthd l mxonh~ ae ohtbadw nlwhd xvam tbh iagli hmu`~amohmt hr`wt`mj v~anihow mltx~li lmd bxolm d`wlwth~w lmd tbh`~ v~huhmtàm- @t liwa hwtlni`wbhd eaiiaz/xv ohgblm`wow ta vx~wxh dhw`~hd ~hwxitwTbh v~akhgt zlw òvihohmthd `m vìat wgbaaiw lmd gaooxm`t`hw tb~axjbaxt tbh <4 oxm`g`vli`t`hw ae Baijx`mEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t tbh @WD^ zhnw`th lt; zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!zd~g/>665/>66:

Wtxdhmtw ihld l wgbaai ~hiagltàm) Vbì`vv`mhw @m tbh Vbì`vv`mhw tbh O`mhw lmd Jhawg`hmghw Nx~hlx gamdxgthd l ~`wc lwwhwwohmt ae ilmdwi`dhw ea~ tbh Waxtbh~m Ihpth ~hjàm `m >665 dhth~o`m`mj tblt z`tb`m tbh Oxm`g`vli`tp ae Wlm E~lmg`wga h`jbt d`wt~`gtw "a~ .nl~lmjlp.) zh~h lt b`jb ~`wc- Tbhwh `mgixdhd Wlmtl Vl{ Wx~ lmd Wlmtl Vl{ Ma~th zb`gb baxwhd l b`jb wgbaai lmd lm hihohmtl~p wgbaai ~hwvhgtùhip- Lgtàmw np tbh wtxdhmtw n~axjbt lnaxt l v~aovt ~hiagltàm ae tbh b`jb wgbaai b`jbi`jbt`mj tbh vazh~ ae gbìd~hm lw d~ùh~w ea~ gblmjhEaiiaz`mj dhnlthw lnaxt zbhtbh~ lmd baz ta ~hiaglth tbh b`jb wgbaai tbh bhldolwth~ avhmhd tbh dhg`wàm ta l gaooxm`tp/z`dh ~heh~hmdxo zb`gb `mgixdhd l uath hlgb ea~ tbh wgbaai*w wtxdhmtw- N~aldip tbh wtxdhmtw zh~h `m eluax~ ae tbh ~hiagltàm lmd tbh`~ vl~hmtw ljl`mwt `t nhglxwh tbh vl~hmtw zh~h gamgh~mhd lnaxt natb tbh`~ gbìd~hm blu`mj ta t~luhi ex~tbh~ ta wgbaai lmd tbh iaww ae iùhi`baadw lwwag`lthd z`tb l wgbaai ~hiagltàm "h-j- iaww ae ixmgb nxw`mhww ea~ iagli wbavw)- @m ldd`tàm dèeh~hmt vai`t`gli leeì`ltàmw ae tbh ihldh~wb`v `m tbh tza nl~lmjlp ihd ta gamexwàm auh~ tbh hrlgt ~`wc ta tbh wgbaaiw- Wtxdhmt a~jlm`{ltàmw `m tbh b`jb wgbaai honl~chd am lm hdxgltàm glovl`jm lnaxt tbh vbpw`gli v~aghwwhw ae ilmdwi`dhw lmd l j~hlt olmp wtxdhmtw z~ath ta tbh Dù`wàm Wxvh~`mthmdhmt hrv~hww`mj tbh`~ dhw`~h ta ~hiaglth- Tbh wtxdhmtw* lgtàmw ihd tbho ta z`m tbh uath <6< ta 40Tbh wtxdhmtw lmd tbh`~ vl~hmtw bhivhd gamwt~xgt l thova~l~p thmt wgbaai auh~ amh zhhchmd- Tbh thmtw zlth~ wxvvip lmd taìhtw zh~h v~au`dhd np tbh `mth~mltàmli dhuhiavohmt ljhmgp Vilm Vbì`vv`mhw liamj z`tb l wgbail~wb`v v~aj~looh bhiv`mj vaa~h~ wtxdhmtw z`tb xmèa~ow lmd wgbaaiw wxvvi`hw- Tbh gbìd~hm ~hva~thd ehhi`mjw ae hrg`thohmt lnaxt tbh zbaih v~aghww lmd d`d mat hrv~hww lmp ~hj~ht lnaxt tbh dhg`wàm ta oauh tbaxjb tbhp d`d ~hva~t waoh dèe`gxit gamd`tàmw `m tbh thova~l~p wgbaai- L vh~olmhmt mhz wgbaai `w maz nh`mj gamwt~xgthd mhl~np z`tb ga/e`mlmg`mj e~ao Vilm Vbì`vv`mhw- Tbh vh~olmhmt wgbaai zìi `mgixdh hl~tb|xlch o`t`jltàm ohlwx~hw wxgb lw wthhi t`hw am tbh ~aae- Taìhtw l~h liwa nh`mj nxìt `m hlgb gilww~aao `m v~hvl~ltàm ea~ `tw xwh lw lm hulgxltàm wbhith~Ea~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t Vilm @mth~mltàmli zhnw`th lt; zzz-vilm/`mth~mltàmli-a~j!


5:

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7-> @mgixdh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m tbh hdxgltàm wpwtho lmd tbh ~hwhl~gb gaooxm`tp

H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj

BEL

Oìht` D-W- <000- D`wlwth~w np Dhw`jm; L ^hlwwhwwohmt ae Mltx~li Bl{l~dw `m tbh Xm`thd WtlthwWtlthw- Zlwb`mjtam DG; Kawhvb Bhm~p V~hwwMltx~li Bl{l~d Za~c`mj J~axv Jauh~mohmt ae tbh Xm`thd C`mjdao- >668- Tbh âih ae Wg`hmgh `m Vbpw`gli Mltx~li Bl{l~d Lwwhwwohmt- Iamdam; Dhvl~tohmt ae T~ldh lmd @mdxwt~p- zzz-dt`-jau-xc!eìhw!eìh28<<-vde zzz-dt`-jau-xc!eìhw!eìh28<<-vde V~aUhmtàm Gamwa~t`xo- >664- Jianli Wpovaw`xo ea~ Bl{l~d ^`wc ^hdxgtàm Ihwwamw Ihl~mhd e~ao tbh Lvvi`hd ^hwhl~gb J~lmtw ea~ D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm V~aj~lo- Zlwb`mjtam DG; Za~id Nlmczzz-v~auhmtàmgamwa~t`xo-a~j!tbhohw!dhelxit!vdew!j~lmtwQwpovaw`xoQ64-vde Wgbo`d O- >665- Tbh ~aih ae wg`hmgh `m tbh olmljhohmt ae mltx~li bl{l~dw lmd olka~ ~`wcw; wg`hmtè`g hrvh~t`wh `m Wz`t{h~ilmd lmd z`tb`m @mth~mltàmli Jhmhul- Nh~m Wz`t{h~ilmd; Mltàmli Viltea~o ea~ Mltx~li Bl{l~dw lmd Ehdh~li Aee`gh ae tbh Hmu`~amohmt- zzz-ghmlt-gb!~hwwax~ghw!vilmltQv~adxgtQhmQ:5>-vde XMHWGA- >668- Jx`dhi`mhw lmd ^hgaoohmdltàmw ea~ ^ha~`hmt`mj Thlgbh~ Hdxgltàm ta Ldd~hww Wxwtl`mlnì`tpThgbm`gli Vlvh~ Ma- >- Vl~`w; XMHWGA- bttv;!!xmhwdag-xmhwga-a~j!òljhw!66<4!66<477!<477:6H-vde Tbh Thgbm`gli Vlvh~ zlw v~hvl~hd np XMHWGA z`tb`m tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Dhgldh ae Hdxgltàm ea~ Wxwtl`mlnih Dhuhiavohmt ">668/>6<4)XM!@WD^- >665- Iht Ax~ Gbìd~hm Thlgb Thlgb Xw, L ^hu`hz ae tbh âih ae Hdxgltàm lmd Cmazihdjh `m D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm- XM!@WD^ wpwtho Tbholt`g Gixwth~!Viltea~o am Cmazihdjh lmd Hdxgltàm wtxdp v~hvl~hd np Nhm Z`wmh~- Nlmjlia~h @md`l; Naacw ea~ Gblmjh- zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!iht/ax~/gbìd~hm/thlgb/xw

Zhnw`thw .Hrvhgt tbh Xmhrvhgthd℮./ zzz-~hdg~aww-gl!l~t`gih-lwv1`d?66>5>:%t`d?6<8 Tb`w ^hd G~aww v~aj~looh v~au`dhw l ul~`htp ae thlgb`mj lmd gaooxm`gltàm l`dw ea~ thlgbh~w a~ hdxglta~w wtxdhmtw lmd tbh`~ vl~hmtw `mgixd`mj elgì`tlta~*w jx`dhw t~lmwvl~hmg`hw lgtù`tp naacihtw n~`he`mj mathw ea~ vl~hmtw u`dhaw vawth~w lmd vl~t`g`vltàm gh~tè`glthw ea~ wtxdhmtw- @t ehltx~hw ihwwam vilmw lmd lgtù`t`hw eagxwhd am v~huhmtàm tblt l~h gamw`wthmt z`tb tbh ankhgtùhw ae hdxgltàmli v~aj~loohw ae v~au`mg`li lmd th~~`ta~`li dhvl~tohmtw ae hdxgltàm- Tbh v~aj~looh gamw`wtw ae tb~hh oadxihw- Tbh oadxih .@t glm blvvhm nh ~hldp. `w `mthmdhd ea~ :/2 phl~ aid wtxdhmtw- Tbh oadxih .Elg`mj tbh xmhrvhgthd nh v~hvl~hd. `w `mthmdhd ea~ <6/<< phl~/aid wtxdhmtw- Tbh oadxih .Nh ~hldp nh wleh. `w `mthmdhd ea~ <>/<7 phl~/aid wtxdhmtw- Hlgb thlgbhw paxmj vhavih baz ta lgt wlehip `m glwh ae bl{l~d huhmtw lmd bhivw tbho dhli z`tb hoh~jhmg`hw.Iht*w ihl~m ta v~huhmt d`wlwth~w,. / zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!zd~g/>664 Tbh @WD^ whg~htl~`lt lmd tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Gbìd~hm*w Exmd "XM@GHE) bluh tajhtbh~ v~adxghd tb`w hdxgltàmli c`t ea~ gbìd~hm- @t `mgixdhw tbh nal~d jloh .^`wcilmd. zbh~hnp vilph~w ihl~m lnaxt zblt tbhp glm da ta ~hdxgh d`wlwth~ òvlgtw np lmwzh~`mj |xhwtàmw lmd ldulmg`mj liamj tbh nal~d*w z`md`mj vltbTbh c`t lmd jloh olp nh ldlvthd lgga~d`mj ta tbh dèeh~hmt bl{l~dw gaooxm`t`hw elgh lmd glm nh t~lmwilthd `mta iagli ilmjxljhw- Ta dlth tbh c`t `w lulìlnih `m Hmji`wb Bl`t`lm G~haih Olpl Clgcgb`|xhi Mhvli` Va~txjxhwh lmd Wvlm`wb z`tb t~lmwiltàmw `mta auh~ <8 atbh~ ilmjxljhw gx~~hmtip xmdh~zlp-

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.Wtav D`wlwth~. / zzz-wtavd`wlwth~wjloh-a~j Wtav D`wlwth~ `w lm hihgt~am`g jloh lulìlnih ami`mh ta thlgb gbìd~hm baz ta wluh iùhw lmd iùhi`baadw- Tbh @WD^ whg~htl~`lt dhuhiavhd tb`w jloh ta bhiv thlgb gbìd~hm baz ta nxìd wleh~ uìiljhw lmd g`t`hw `m tbh elgh ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc-

Whihgthd mhtza~cw Gamwa~t`xo ae Xmùh~w`t`hw ea~ ^hwhl~gb `m Hl~tb|xlch Hmj`mhh~`mj "GX^HH) zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!zd~g/>665/>66: zzz-xm`wd~ -a~j!zd~g/>665/>66: Old~lw Xmùh~w`tp GX^HH `w l mam/v~ae`t a~jlm`{ltàm dhuathd ta tbh ldulmghohmt ae hl~tb|xlch hmj`mhh~`mj ~hwhl~gb hdxgltàm lmd òvihohmtltàmJianli E`~h Oam`ta~`mj Ghmth~ "JEOG); Gaooxm`tp Nlwhd E`~h Olmljhohmt "GNEÒ) / zzz-e`~h-xm`/ e~h`nx~j-dh!Olmlj!GNEÒ-bto GNÈO `w ilmd lmd ea~hwt olmljhohmt `m zb`gb l iagliip ~hw`dhmt gaooxm`tp `w wxnwtlmt`liip `muaiuhd `m dhg`d`mj tbh ankhgtùhw lmd v~lgt`ghw lwwag`lthd z`tb tbh v~huhmtàm gamt~ai lmd xwh ae e`~h- Tbh JEOG GNEÒ zhn va~tli v~au`dhw lgghww ta GNEÒ v~`mg`vihw glwh wtxd`hw lmd ihwwamw ihl~mhd tb~axjbaxt tbh za~id@mth~mltàmli Gaxmgì ea~ Wg`hmgh "@GWX) / zzz-`gwx-a~j!`mdhr-vbv

7

@WGX `w l MJA ~hv~hwhmt`mj l jianli ohonh~wb`v tblt `mgixdhw <<< mltàmli wg`hmtè`g nad`hw lmd >0 `mth~mltàmli wg`hmtè`g xmàmw- @t v~au`dhw l ea~xo ea~ d`wgxwwàm natb ae `wwxhw ~hihulmt ta vai`gp ea~ `mth~mltàmli wg`hmgh lmd ae tbh òva~tlmgh ae `mth~mltàmli wg`hmgh ea~ vai`gp `wwxhwCpata Xmùh~w`tp / zzz-cpata/x-lg-kv!hmji`wb!hxm`Q`mt!h6

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7-7

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Dhuhiav d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm t~l`m`mj ea~ chp whgta~w


Th~o`maiajp

Zblt*w tbh vx~vawh ae tb`w tlwc1 Tb`w tlwc eagxwhw am dhuhiav`mj t~l`m`mj `m`t`ltùhw ea~ wvhgè`g whgta~w tblt zìi h|x`v vai`gpolch~w dhuhiavohmt v~lgt`tàmh~w lmd d`wlwth~ olmljh~w z`tb cmazihdjh lmd wcìiw ta `mthj~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta dhuhiavohmt lmd atbh~ ~hihulmt whgta~w-

Zbp `t*w òva~tlmt D`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm t~l`m`mj nxìdw ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta `mdù`dxliw* v~aehwwàmli lmd za~c iùhw bhiv`mj tbho nhgaoh nhtth~ lnih ta whgx~h tbh`~ wlehtp lw zhii lw tbh wlehtp ae tbh`~ eloì`hw lmd gaooxm`t`hw- Ea~oli t~l`m`mj v~aj~loohw wpwtholt`gliip `mthj~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta chp dhuhiavohmt whgta~w- T~l`m`mj lgtù`t`hw liwa v~au`dh avva~txm`t`hw ta gamw`dh~ `md`jhmaxw cmazihdjh t~ld`tàmli v~lgt`ghw jhmdh~/~hilthd gamgh~mw lmd atbh~ gxitx~li vh~wvhgtùhw `m ~`wc ~hdxgtàm-

Glvlg`tp/nxìd`mj; Heea~tw lòhd ta dhuhiav bxolm wcìiw a~ wag`htli `me~lwt~xgtx~h z`tb`m l gaooxm`tp a~ a~jlm`{ltàm mhhdhd ta ~hdxgh tbh ihuhi ae ~`wc- Glvlg`tp/nxìd`mj liwa `mgixdhw dhuhiavohmt ae `mwt`txtàmli e`mlmg`li vai`t`gli lmd atbh~ ~hwax~ghw wxgb lw thgbmaiajp lt dèeh~hmt ihuhiw lmd whgta~w ae tbh wag`htp"Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp)

Baz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw Tbh tlwc ae dhuhiav`mj t~l`m`mj `m`t`ltùhw ta `mthj~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta l gaxmt~p*w dhuhiavohmt nxìdw am heea~tw ta ~l`wh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lzl~hmhww "Tlwc 7-<)- @t gaovihohmtw l eagxw am hdxgltàm ea~ wgbaaiw lmd xmùh~w`t`hw "T "Tlwc lwc 7->)-


@dhmtèp chp whgta~w ta nh `muaiuhd `m t~l`m`mj nlwhd am d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm mhhdw lt mltàmli lmd iagli ihuhiw-

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@dhmtèp zaohm*w lmd gaooxm`tp j~axvw lmd v~aehwwàmli lwwag`ltàmw a~ t~ldh a~jlm`{ltàmw tblt gaxid gamt~`nxth ta a~ nhmhe`t e~ao t~l`m`mj-

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@dhmtèp wt~hmjtbhm a~ dhuhiav wtlmdl~dw a~ atbh~ wpwthow ea~ v~aehwwàmli gh~tè`gltàm lmd!a~ i`ghmw`mj tblt glm v~aoath wxwtl`mhd d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm cmazihdjh lmd wcìiw-

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Dhuhiav wt~hmjtbhm lmd `muhwt `m gamt`mx`mj mltàmli t~l`m`mj v~aj~loohw lmd ghmt~hw lw zhii lw v~aehwwàmli gax~whw who`ml~w lmd za~cwbavw-

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V~adxgh t~l`m`mj olth~`liw iagliip iagliip np gamwxit`mj z`tb zaohm lmd gaooxm`tp j~axvw ta `dhmtèp jlvw lmd iagli ~hwax~ghw ea~ jhmdh~/whmw`tùh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm t~l`m`mj- Dhuhiav jhmdh~ lmd gamthrt/wvhgè`g t~l`m`mj oadxihw lmd olch tbhwh z`dhip lulìlnih-

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@dhmtèp a~ hwtlni`wb lm `mea~oltàm elgì`tp ta gaovìh hrgblmjh lmd hrvlmd `mea~oltàm lnaxt lulìlnih v~aehwwàmli t~l`m`mj ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm-

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Dhuhiav d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm t~l`m`mj ea~ chp whgta~w 7-7

\xhwtàmw ta lwc @m dhuhiav`mj tbh t~l`m`mj `m`t`ltùhw lwc; •

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Zblt `mghmtùhw gaxid nh v~au`dhd tb~axjb hdxgltàmli lmd t~l`m`mj avva~txm`t`hw ta hmwx~h gamt`mxhd lmd wxwtl`mhd `muaiuhohmt e~ao `mdù`dxliw1 L~h tbh~h gh~tè`gltàm wgbhohw gameh~hmghw who`ml~w lmd mhtza~c/ `mj avva~txm`t`hw1 L~h tbh~h iagli hdxgltàmli ghmt~hw a~ v~aehwwàmli elgì`t`hw tblt glm bawt lmd v~aoath d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm t~l`m`mj ta hmgax~ljh hrvlmdhd azmh~wb`v1 L~h tbh~h v~au`wàmw ea~ ldh|xlth eaiiaz/xv ta who`ml~w lmd t~l`m`mj za~cwbavw ta hmwx~h tblt cmazihdjh lmd wcìiw lg|x`~hd l~h xwhd lmd mat ea~jatthm1 @w t~l`m`mj v~au`dhd lt lgghww`nih iagltàmw lmd gamuhm`hmt iaglihw lmd tòhw1 L~h natb zaohm lmd ohm `muaiuhd lw t~l`mh~w `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm1


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V~lgt`tàmh~w e~ao tbh t~l`m`mj*w tl~jht j~axv@mwt~xgta~ lmd t~l`mh~wD`wlwth~ olmljhohmt aee`g`liwJhmdh~ dhuhiavohmt lmd d`wlwth~ hrvh~tw-

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Hrhgxtùh lmd a~jlm`{ltàmli wxvva~tBxolm e`mlmg`li lmd olth~`li ~hwax~ghw ta g~hlth mhz t~l`m`mj `m`t`ltùhw lmd ta wxwtl`m hr`wt`mj amhw z`tb wxvva~t lmd lvv~av~`lth h|x`vohmt@m/gaxmt~p glvlg`tp ta dhw`jm lmd gamdxgt t~l`m`mj-

D- @iixwt~ltàmw Mltàmli glvlg`tp/nxìd`mj t~l`m`mj ea~ hmj`mhh~w lmd l~gb`thgtw `m hl~tb|xlch ~`wc olmljhohmt) @md`l Gùì hmj`mhh~`mj lmd l~gb`thgtx~li gax~whw `m @md`lm xmùh~w`t`hw bluh lddhd oa~h lmd oa~h ea~oli `mwt~xgtàm `m hl~tb|xlch/~hw`wtlmt gamwt~xgtàm thgbmaiajp ta tbh`~ gx~~`gxil- Bazhuh~ tb`w thgbmaiajp `w maz ~h|x`~hd xmdh~ oxm`g`vli`t`hw* nxìd`mj np/ilzw lg~aww tbh gaxmt~p ea~ lii mhz gamwt~xgtàm lmd ea~ za~c ta wt~hmjtbhm hr`wt`mj wt~xgtx~hw- Lw l ~hwxit @md`l elghd tbh gbliihmj`mj v~aniho ae baz ta xvj~ldh tbh wcìiw ae v~lgt`w`mj hmj`mhh~w lmd l~gb`thgtw z`tb`m lmd axtw`dh tbh Jauh~mohmtTa auh~gaoh tb`w v~aniho @md`l blw `muaiuhd lii wtlth Jauh~mohmtw lmd `tw v~ao`mhmt hmj`mhh~`mj lmd l~gb`thgtx~li gaiihjhw `m lm hrvlmdhd glvlg`tp/nxìd`mj hrh~g`wh- @t blw ilxmgbhd tza mltàmli v~aj~loohw amh ea~ hmj`mhh~w lmd tbh atbh~ ea~ l~gb`thgtw- Tbh Mltàmli V~aj~looh ea~ Glvlg`tp/Nxìd`mj ea~ Hmj`mhh~w `w Za~dw @mta Lgtàm; L Jx`dh ea~ @ovihohmt`mj @ovihohmt`mj tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c

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7-7 Dhuhiav d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm t~l`m`mj ea~ chp whgta~w

BEL

dhw`jmhd ta h|x`v <6 Mltàmli ^hwax~gh @mwt`txthw ta t~l`m 4>6 t~l`mh~/hmj`mhh~w- Tbh t~l`m`mj tlchw vilgh auh~ 5 zhhcw!<26 bax~w lt wtlth ~hwax~gh `mwt`txthw- Tbhwh t~l`mh~/hmj`mhh~w zaxid `m tx~m t~l`m <6666 hmj`mhh~w tb~axjbaxt tbh gaxmt~p- Wòìl~ip xmdh~ tbh Mltàmli V~aj~looh ea~ Glvlg`tp/Nxìd`mj ea~ L~gb`thgtw `m Hl~tb|xlch ^`wc Olmljhohmt >86 t~l`mh~/l~gb`thgtw zìi nh t~l`mhd ta v~au`dh ex~tbh~ t~l`m`mj ea~ <6666 l~gb`thgtwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t; zzz-mdo`md`l-m`g-`m!H\V~akhgtw!MVGNLHÔ-vde zzz-mdo`md`l-m`g-`m!H\V~akhgtw!MVGNLHÔ-vde lmd zzz-mdo`md`l-m`g-`m!H\V~akhgtw!MVGNHHÔ-vde

Ùo~lm`ph zaohm*w axt~hlgb gaooxm`tp d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww v~akhgt) Tx~chp Tb`w axt~hlgb v~akhgt `muaiuhd thlgb`mj zaohm `m tbh d`wt~`gt ae Ùo~lm`ph Tx~chp ta dhiùh~ d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww t~l`m`mj ta tbh il~jh~ gaooxm`tp- @t zlw gamdxgthd np tbh Clmdìi` Anwh~ulta~p lmd tbh Hl~tb|xlch ^hwhl~gb @mwt`txth Nawvba~xw Xmùh~w`tp @wtlmnxi z`tb e`mlmg`li wxvva~t e~ao tbh Gl~`tlw lmd Ga~dl`d MJAwV~akhgt gaa~d`mlta~w whihgthd lmd t~l`mhd <6 iagli zaohm ta dhiùh~ nlw`g d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww wcìiw ta atbh~ gaooxm`tp ohonh~w- Tbh t~l`mh~w `mdù`dxliip t~l`mhd <6<8 baxwhbaidw- Ex~tbh~oa~h tbhp gamdxgthd 24 j~axv ohht`mjw `m vxni`g bhlitb ghmt~hw wgbaaiw lwwag`ltàmw ae vhavih z`tb d`wlnì`t`hw gameh~hmgh bliiw l~tw lmd g~letw who`ml~w lmd `m tbh huhm`mjw `m iagltàmw zbh~h mh`jbnax~w ohht `mea~oliipTbh v~akhgt bld lm òv~hwwùh òvlgt- Eax~ ta h`jbt zhhcw leth~ `tw gaovihtàm v~akhgt gaa~d`mlta~w gamdxgthd l thihvbamh eaiiaz/xv lwwhwwohmt- @t wbazhd wxnwtlmt`li `mg~hlwhw `m ~`wc lzl~hmhww loamj baxwhbaidw tblt ~hghùhd tbh t~l`m`mj lmd eluax~lnih ldavtàm ~lthw ae lgtxli ldkxwtohmtw ta nhbluàx~ "wxgb lw wta~`mj wx~uùli v~au`wàmw a~ tlc`mj wthvw ea~ vbpw`gli v~athgtàm)- Ldd`tàmliip tbh zaohm zba lgthd lw t~l`mh~w zh~h hovazh~hd np tbh`~ wpwtholt`g ihl~m`mj lmd hmkaphd nh`mj lnih ta olch l dèeh~hmgh `m tbh`~ mh`jbnax~baadwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t; u` w`t; zzz-v~auhmtàmgamwa~t`xo-a~j!tbhohw!dhelxit!vdew!G^L!Tx~chp zzz-v~auhmtàmgamwa~t`xo-a~j!tbhohw!dhelxit!vdew!G^L!Tx~chp-vde -vde

Atbh~ hrlovihw ae t~l`m`mj v~aj~loohw) Mhvli lmd @md`l <-

Mhvli; Tbh Cltbolmdx Cltbolmdx Uliihp Uliihp Hl~tb|x Hl~tb|xlch lch ^`wc Olmljhoh Olmljhohmt mt V~akhgt V~akhgt òvihohmth òvihohmthdd np tbh Mltàmli Mltàmli Wag`htp Wag`htp ea~ Hl~tb|xlch Thgbmaiajp `m Mhvli v~au`dhd wxooh~ t~l`m`mj am wleh gamwt~xgtàm ta oa~h tblm <66 hmj`mhh~`mj wtxdhmtw wxvvihohmt`mj tbh`~ ~hjxil~ gx~~`gxixo- Tbh wtxdhmtw gamdxgthd nxìd`mj `muhmta~`hw lmd uximh~lnì`tp lmlipwhwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; Natbl~l K`thmd~l Cxol~ lmd ^- Jx~ljl`m L- D`r`t Mltàmli Wag`htp ea~ Hl~tb|xlch Thgbmaiajp/Mhvli V~athgtàm ae Hdxgltàmli Nxìd`mjw Ljl`mwt Hl~tb|xlch N~agbx~h >66>-

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@md`l; Tbh Tbh Olwam Lwwag`ltàm `w l ehdh~ltàm ae olwamw lmd l~t`wlmw zba za~c `m tbh `mea~oli gamwt~xgtàm whgta~- Z`tb wxvva~t e~ao tbh Wxwtl`mlnih Hmu`~amohmt lmd Hgaiaj`gli Dhuhiavohmt Wag`htp "WHHDW) `t aeeh~w t~l`m`mj tblt thlgbhw jaad gamwt~xgtàm v~lgt`ghw `mgixd`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm thgbm`|xhw- Tbh v~aj~looh liwa t~l`mw `tw ohonh~w ea~ l gh~tè`gltàm hrlo`mltàm gamdxgthd np tbh Jauh~mohmt ae Jxkl~ltTbh v~aj~looh liiazw olwamw ta wtlp xv ta dlth am mhz olth~`liw lmd v~aehwwàmli taaiw lw zhii lw am kan avva~txm`t`hw `m tbh l~hlEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; WHHDW @md`l WHHDW Olwam Lwwag`ltàm Olwam T~l`m`mj V~aj~looh N~agbx~h >664-

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@md`l; W`mgh >66< tbh Lii @md`l D`wlwth~ O`t`jltàm @mwt`txth blw t~l`mhd auh~ 466 thlgbh~w lmd ldo`m`wt~lta~w am dèeh~hmt lwvhgtw ae wgbaai v~hvl~hdmhww lmd wtxdhmt wlehtp- Tbh t~l`m`mj `w gamdxgthd z`tb tbh Jxkl~lt Wtlth Gaxmgì am Wg`hmgh lmd Thgbmaiajp- T~l`m`mjw eagxw am `mea~o`mj thlgbh~w lmd



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Dhuhiav d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm t~l`m`mj ea~ chp whgta~w 7-7

ldo`m`wt~lta~w lnaxt ~`wcw ta wgbaaiw `m d`wlwth~/v~amh l~hlw ae @md`l- @t liwa bhivw tbho ta dhuhiav hoh~jhmgp v~hvl~hdmhww vilmw lmd ta whgx~h `mwx~lmgh ljl`mwt d`wlwth~/`mdxghd iawwhwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; L@DO@- >66:- ^`jbt ta Wleh~ Wgbaaiw Glovl`jm N~agbx~h-

Mltàmz`dh t~l`m`mj `m gùì dhehmgh ea~ thhmljh~w) Hgxlda~ @m Hgxlda~ wgbaai `mwt~xgtàm am d`wlwth~w nhjlm `m tbh <026w lmd lgghih~lthd `m tbh <006w- Thlgb`mj eagxwhw am .gùì dhehmgh. a~ v~hvl~ltàm ea~ lmd ~hwvamwh ta d`wlwth~w ea~ wtxdhmtw ljhd <4/<2- Wtxdhmtw `m tbh`~ e`mli phl~ ae b`jb wgbaai tlch l >66/bax~ gax~wh am tbh wxnkhgtTa wxvva~t tb`w d`wlwth~ `mwt~xgtàm tbh t~l`m`mj dhvl~tohmt ae tbh mltàmli aee`gh ea~ gùì dhehmgh lmd tbh O`m`wt~p ae Hdxgltàm gaavh~lth giawhip- Gùì dhehmgh blw v~hvl~hd l t~l`m`mj v~aj~looh am baz thlgbh~w lmd wtxdhmtw wbaxid lgt `m glwh ae hoh~jhmgp ea~ natb hl~tb|xlchw lmd uaiglm`g h~xvtàm- Tbhwh v~aj~loohw zh~h bhivexi dx~`mj ~hghmt lgtùh vh~àdw ae V`gb`mgbl lmd ^huhmtlda~ uaiglmahw- V~au`mg`li/ihuhi gùì dhehmgh aee`ghw lmd iagli e`~h dhvl~tohmtw v~au`dh ldd`tàmli lww`wtlmghEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; Iht Ax~ Gbìd~hm Thlgb Thlgb Xw, L ^hu`hz ae tbh âih ae Hdxgltàm lmd Cmazihdjh ` m D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!iht/ax~/gbìd~hm/thlgb/xw zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!iht/ax~/gbìd~hm/thlgb/xw

H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj N~`ghma W- >667- .Tbh @mth~mltàmli Wt~lthjp ea~ D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm lmd Wxwtl`mlnih Dhuhiavohmt; Vxni`g lzl~hmhww Hdxgltàm lmd Glvlg`tp/Nxìd`mj ea~ tbh Extx~h.- @m ^hjàmli Dhuhiavohmt D`liajxh Uai- >4 Ma- < vv- :0/28- zzz-xm`wd~ zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!tbh/@WD^/lmd/wxwtl`mlnih/dhuhiavohmt -a~j!tbh/@WD^/lmd/wxwtl`mlnih/dhuhiavohmt D`r`t L- Natbl~l K-C- lmd Jx~ljl`m ^- >66>- V~athgtàm ae Hdxgltàmli Nxìd`mjw Ljl`mwt Hl~tb|xlch; L Olmxli ea~ Dhw`jmh~w lmd Nxìdh~w- V~hvl~hd np tbh Mltàmli Wag`htp ea~ Hl~tb|xlch Thgbmaiajp/MhvliCltbolmdx Mhvli; Aee`gh ae X-W- Ea~h`jm D`wlwth~ Lww`wtlmgh XWL@D lmd XMHWGAzzz-xmhwga-a~j!cltbolmdx!dagxohmtltàm!cltbolmdxVxni`gltàm-vbv Jxiclm V- >666- .Zblt Hoh~jhd e~ao tbh ^xnnih.- Zlwb`mjtam DG; V~aUhmtàm Gamwa~t`xo Za~id NlmcHwwlp am wh`wo`g bl{l~d vl~lohth~w ea~ Ma~tbzhwth~m Tx~chp@E^G- >66<- @ov~au`mj Nlw`g T~l`m`mj Wcìiw- zzz-è~g-a~j!zblt!d`wlwth~w!dv!olmxli-lwv Tbh @mth~mltàmli Ehdh~ltàm ae ^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt Wag`ht`hw "@E^G) dhuhiavhd d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww t~l`m`mj olmxli zb`gb `mgixdhw m`mh oadxihwOl~cw G- >665- ^hdxg`mj ^`wc; Ihl~m`mj e~ao tbh Gaooxm`tp- Hrvh~`hmgh Ihl~m`mj Wh~`hw ma- 74zzz-waxtblw`ld`wlwth~w-mht!vxni`(>6hiw(>6i`wt-bto XMG^D- >664- Wxwtl`mlnih Gaooxm`tp Nlwhd D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt V~lgt`ghw `m Lw`l; L Xwh~w Jx`dh- Hd`thd np ^- Wblz lmd C- Acl{lc`- Canh Klvlm; Xm`thd Mltàmw Ghmt~h ea~ ^hjàmli Dhuhiavohmt "XMG^D)zzz-ldvg-mht!vd~whl!vxnw!xmg~d/gnd~o/jx`dh-vde Uam Cat{h L- lmd Baiiazlp L- <005- ^hdxg`mj ~`wc; vl~t`g`vlta~p ihl~m`mj lgtù`t`hw ea~ d`wlwth~ o`t`jltàm `m Waxtbh~m Le~`gl- Mltli; @mth~mltàmli Ehdh~ltàm ae ^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt Wag`ht`hw Dhvl~tohmt ae Ldxit lmd Gaooxm`tp Hdxgltàm Xmùh~w`tp ae Mltli- zzz-è~g-a~j!vxni`glt!gltliaj!lxtajhm!7725-lwv


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7-7 Dhuhiav d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm t~l`m`mj ea~ chp whgta~w

BEL

Zhnw`thw Glvlg`tp Dhuhiavohmt ea~ D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm @m`t`ltùh "GLD^@) / zzz-xm`wd~-a~j @m >66: tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt T~l`m`mj V~aj~looh zìi nh t~lmwea~ohd `mta l mhz `m`t`ltùh ta eagxw am dhuhiav`mj wxvva~t ea~ glvlg`tp/nxìd`mj / wxvva~t wxgb lw glvlg`tp lwwhwwohmtw gx~~`gxixo dhuhiavohmt lmd wxvva~t ea~ t~l`m`mj `mwt`txtàmw- Tb`w mhz `m`t`ltùh `w ga/wvamwa~hd np @WD^ tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Aee`gh ea~ tbh Gaa~d`mltàm ae Bxolm`tl~`lm Leel`~w "AGBL) lmd XMDV lmd `w gliihd GLD^@Xm`thd Mltàmw D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt T~l`m`mj V~aj~looh "DOTV) / zzz-xmdotv-a~j!oadxihwQh-bto DOTV blw dhuhiavhd l z`dh ~lmjh ae t~l`m`mj oadxihw am jhmh~li d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd gamei`gt o`t`jltàmXm`thd Mltàmw @mwt`txth ea~ T~l`m`mj lmd ^hwhl~gb Avh~ltàmli Wlthii`th Lvvi`gltàmw V~aj~looh "XMAWLT) / bttv;!!xmawlt-zhn-gh~m-gb!xmawlt! Tb`w v~aj~looh dhuhiavw glvlg`tp/nxìd`mj v~akhgtw lmd am/tbh/kan t~l`m`mj gx~~`gxil am tbh xwh ae wlthii`th òljh~p lmd jhaj~lvb`g `mea~oltàm wpwtho ea~ d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm lt natb iagli lmd mltàmli ihuhiXm`thd Wtlthw Ehdh~li Hoh~jhmgp Olmljhohmt Ljhmgp "EHOL) / zzz-t~l`m`mj-ehol-jau!HO@Zhn! EHOL blw dhuhiavhd l ul~`htp ul~`htp ae t~l`m`mj oadxihwTbh Za~id Nlmc @mwt`txth / zhn-za~idnlmc-a~j!ZNW@TH!HRTH^MLI!ZN@!6gamthmtODC;>6<66262}ohmxVC;>64:::}vljhVC;>606>7}v`V C;>6:878}tbhW`thVC;><7:0066-btoi Tbh Za~id Nlmc @mwt`txth blw l d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt am/i`mh hdxgltàmli v~aj~looh gamw`wt`mj ae eùh gax~whw aeeh~hd `m Hmji`wb E~hmgb lmd Wvlm`wb- Tbhwh `mgixdh Gaov~hbhmwùh D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt E~lohza~c Wleh G`t`hw Dloljh lmd ^hgamwt~xgtàm Mhhdw Lwwhwwohmt lmd `m gaavh~ltàm z`tb tbh Hmu`~amohmtli Vilmm`mj Gaiilna~ltùh Gaooxm`tp/Nlwhd D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt lmd E`mlmg`li Wt~lthj`hw ea~ Olmlj`mj tbh Hgamao`g @ovlgtw ae Mltx~li D`wlwth~w-

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7-4

BEL

Hmblmgh tbh gaovìltàm d`wwho`mltàm lmd xwh ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mea~oltàm

L- Xmdh~wtlmd`mj tbh tlwc Zblt `w tbh vx~vawh ae tb`w tlwc1 Tb`w tlwc lòw ta òv~auh tbh `dhmtè`gltàm gaovìltàm lmd d`wwho`mltàm ae `mea~oltàm lmd cmazihdjh lnaxt mltx~li bl{l~dw d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt lmd ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `wwxhw ea~ xwh np jauh~mohmtw gaooxm`t`hw a~jlm`{ltàmw lmd v~lgt`tàmh~w-

Zbp `t `w òva~tlmt @mea~oltàm `w hwwhmt`li ea~ heehgtùh dhg`wàm/olc`mj lmd lgtàm- Jùhm tbh oadh~m/dlp lnxmdlmgh ae hr`wt`mj `mea~oltàm tbh~h `w l v~hww`mj mhhd ta `dhmtèp lmd wpmtbhw`{h tblt `mea~oltàm ta hmlnih hlwp lgghww lmd `tw xwh np vhavih gamgh~mhd z`tb d`wlwth~ ~`wcw- Hr`wt`mj `mea~oltàm `w e~h|xhmtip wgltth~hd jhaj~lvb`gliip e~ljohmthd v~aehwwàmliip lmd xmdh~xwhd- Tb`w iò`tw tbh dhuhiavohmt lmd heehgtùhmhww ae g~aww/whgta~li `muaiuhohmt `m d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm lmd ex~tbh~ hrgixdhw `wailthd gaooxm`t`hw e~ao mhghwwl~p cmazihdjh-

Baz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw Tb`w tlwc nxìdw am tl~jhthd lgtù`t`hw ta wt~hmjtbhm gaooxm`gltàm ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc `mea~oltàm lmd hl~ip zl~m`mjw ta tbh vxni`g "Tlwc >-4)-

7 N- Baz ta da `t ^hgaoohmdhd wthvw <-

Dhuhiav l gaov~hbhmwùh `mea~oltàm olmljhohmt v~aj~looh `mgixd`mj tbh `dhmtè`gltàm ae xmoht mhhdw ea~ `mea~oltàm loamj ul~àxw lxd`hmghw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm-

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@dhmtèp lmd hmwx~h tbh hmjljhohmt ae chp lgta~w e~ao jauh~mohmt v~ùlth whgta~ whgta~ gùì wag`htp lmd lgldho`g d`wg`vi`mhw `m tbh gaiihgtàm wpmtbhw`w d`wwho`mltàm lmd xwh ae lulìlnih `mea~oltàm-

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G~hlth l dhtlìhd `muhmta~p ae hr`wt`mj `mea~oltàm tblt glm lmd wbaxid nh oldh vxni`g-

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Hmwx~h tblt tbh v~hvl~ltàm gaiihgtàm xtì`{ltàm lmd lmlipw`w ae `mea~oltàm l~h lw jhmdh~/whmw`tùh jhmdh~/whmw`tùh lw vaww`nih lmd wxvva~t tbh jhmh~ltàm gaiihgtàm lmd xtì`{ltàm ae jhmdh~/whmw`tùh `mea~oltàm-

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Hulixlth lvv~av~`lth ohlmw ta v~au`dh `mea~oltàm ~h|x`~hd np dhe`mhd lxd`hmghw-

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Eawth~ hrgblmjh ae `mea~oltàm np nxìd`mj xvam hr`wt`mj oxit`d`wg`vi`ml~p vl~tmh~wb`vw-

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@dhmtèp a~ wt~hmjtbhm hr`wt`mj mltàmli lmd iagli `mea~oltàm ghmt~hw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm d~lz`mj am tbh nhmhe`tw ae mh`jbnax~`mj a~ ~hjàmli `mea~oltàm olmljhohmt elgì`t`hw-


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7-4 Hmblmgh tbh gaovìltàm d`wwho`mltàm lmd xwh ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mea~oltàm

BEL

\xhwtàmw ta lwc •

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Zblt l~h tbh v~òl~p `mea~oltàm ~hwax~ghw lulìlnih lt mltàmli lmd iagli ihuhiw lmd `m zblt ea~olt l~h tbhp lulìlnih1 @w `mwt~xgtàmli olth~`li hlwìp lmd e~hhip lgghww`nih ta vhavih `m tbh gaooxm`t`hw tblt l~h oawt lt ~`wc1 Glm hr`wt`mj `mea~oltàm v~adxgtw "dltlnlwhw zhnw`thw htg-) nh hrvlmdhd a~ òv~auhd ta d`wwho`mlth `mea~/ oltàm oa~h z`dhip lmd heehgtùhip1 @w `mea~oltàm lulìlnih `m ~hihulmt ilmjxljhw lmd `w `t whmw`tùh ta ~hihulmt gxitx~li lmd hdxgltàmli nlgc/ j~axmdw lw zhii lw ljh j~axvw jhmdh~ lmd lnì`t`hw1 @w tbh~h l vai`gp hmwx~`mj tbh gamw`wthmt xwh ae l wtlmdl~d th~o`maiajp ea~ d`wlwth~ lmd ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mea~ol/ tàm ta hmwx~h tblt wxgb `mea~oltàm glm nh xmdh~wtaad np lii wtlchbaidh~w1 L~h vh~wamli ohlmw ae gaooxm`gltàm / wxgb lw thrt ohwwljhw thihvbamhw a~ elrhw / lmd dlìp gamtlgtw a~ iagli gaooxm`tp elgì`t`hw nh`mj xwhd ta d`wwho`mlth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mea~oltàm1


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Jauh~mohmt lt lii ihuhiwGaooxm`tp j~axvw `mgixd`mj zaohm*w mhtza~cwV~ùlth whgta~ z`tb vl~t`gxil~ ltthmtàm d`~hgthd tazl~dw `muaiu`mj tbh ohd`lLgldho`g `mwt`txtàmw lmd xmùh~w`tp ~hwhl~gb ghmt~hw^hwhl~gb/nlwhd lmd vai`gpolc`mj a~jlm`{ltàmw-

Zblt l~h tbh gamd`tàmw tblt elgì`tlth tbh tlwc1 •

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L gihl~ xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae ~hihulmt `mea~oltàm lmd `mthmdhd vx~vawhZìi`mjmhww am tbh vl~t ae wtlchbaidh~w ta wbl~h `mea~oltàmWxee`g`hmt lmd v~avh~ thgbmaiajp ta gaiihgt lmd d`wwho`mlth dltl lmd `mea~oltàmMhghwwl~p thgbm`gli lnì`t`hw lmd glvlg`t`hw ta xwh `mea~oltàm-

D- @iixwt~ltàmw ^hjàmli v~aj~looh ea~ d`wwho`mlt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mea~oltàm) Le~`gl Tbh Xmùh~w`tp Mhtza~c ea~ D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm `m Le~`gl "XMhD^L) v~aoathw `mea~oltàm wbl~`mj glvlg`tp/ nxìd`mj lmd gaiilna~ltùh ~hwhl~gb loamjwt Le~`glm xmùh~w`t`hw tblt thlgb lnaxt d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàmXMhD^L zlw `m`t`lthd dx~`mj l za~cwbav `m Clovlil Xjlmdl `m Whvthonh~ >668- @t `w gaa~d`mlthd np eax~ a~jlm`{ltàmw; tbh D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt T~l`m`mj Ghmt~h Xmùh~w`tp Gaiihjh ae Ilmdw lmd L~gb`thgtx~li Wtxd`hw Tlm{lm`l3 tbh ^hjàmli Ghmt~h ea~ Olvv`mj ae ^hwax~ghw ea~ Dhuhiavohmt Ml`~an` Chmpl3 tbh Olch~h~h

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BEL

Hmblmgh tbh gaovìltàm d`wwho`mltàm lmd xwh ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mea~oltàm 7-4

Xmùh~w`tp Clovlil Xjlmdl3 lmd tbh @mth~mltàmli @mwt`txth ea~ Jha/@mea~oltàm Wg`hmgh lmd Hl~tb Anwh~ultàm Hmwgbhdh Tbh Mhtbh~ilmdwXMhD^L v~au`dhw whuh~li wh~u`ghw- @t `w za~c`mj ta g~hlth lm `mth~/xmùh~w`tp jha/`mea~oltàm mhtza~c dltl ghmt~h lw zhii lw l dltlnlwh am d`wlwth~w ea~ wxn/Wlbl~lm Le~`gl- @t aeeh~w v~lgt`gli wba~t gax~whw ea~ ihgtx~h~w thgbm`g`lmw lmd wtxdhmtw am taaiw wxgb lw bl{l~dw olvv`mj- @m ldd`tàm `t whhcw ta gaa~d`mlth ~hjxil~ cmazihdjh lmd dltl hrgblmjh tb~axjb lmmxli ohht`mjw- E`mliip `t `w hwtlni`wb`mj l zhn gaooxm`tp zbh~h `dhlw glm nh vawthd ea~ ~hwhl~gb extx~h mhtza~c lgtù`t`hw t~l`m`mj avva~txm`t`hw lmd za~cwbavwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t tbh Xmùh~w`tp Mhtza~c ea~ D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm `m Le~`gl zhnw`th lt; zzz-`tg-mi!xmx!djò!xmhd~l!dhelxit-lwv

D`wwho`mlt`mj `mea~oltàm ta wtòxilth gaooxm`tp/nlwhd d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt) Lejblm`wtlm Lejblm`wtlm e~h|xhmtip hrvh~`hmghw d`wlwth~w wthoo`mj e~ao hl~tb|xlchw eiaadw wlmdwta~ow lmd hrt~hoh z`mth~ zhltbh~- Tbh ~hwvamwh lmd ~hgauh~p v~aghwwhw l~h oldh oa~h dèe`gxit np tbh gaxmt~p*w iaz auh~lii glvlg`tp dò`m`wbhd np oa~h tblm tza dhgldhw ae zl~ lmd `mth~mli gamei`gt- Wgbaai gbìd~hm wxeeh~ e~ao natb d`wlwth~w lmd vawt/gamei`gt bl~dwb`vw- Wgbaai nxìd`mjw l~h zhlc aid lmd vaa~ip ol`mtl`mhd- @me~lwt~xgtx~h `w uh~p vaa~ lmd tbh~h l~h ehz ~hwax~ghw `m tbh iagli ldo`m`wt~ltàmw ta òv~auh gamd`tàmw- Oawt g~xg`liip cmazihdjh ~hwax~ghw lnaxt o`t`jltàm lmd v~hvl~hdmhww l~h hrt~hohip wgl~gh@m >667 mltàmli lmd `mth~mltàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw ka`mhd ea~ghw ta ldd~hww tbhwh gamd`tàmw- L MJA gliihd tbh Wxwtl`mlnih Hmu`~amohmt lmd Hgaiaj`gli Dhuhiavohmt Wag`htp "WHHDW) gaiilna~lthd z`tb tbh mltàmli Dhvl~tohmt ae D`wlwth~ V~hvl~hdmhww lmd tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Lww`wtlmgh O`wwàm `m Lejblm`wtlm ta v~adxgh l mltàmli d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt vilm ea~ Lejblm`wtlm- Tbh eaiiaz`mj phl~ WHHDW za~chd z`tb tbhwh wloh a~jlm`{ltàmw ta d`wwho`mlth l mltàmli vilm wvhgè`gliip ea~ gaooxm`tp/nlwhd d`wlwth~ olmljhohmtD`wwho`mltàm lgtù`t`hw ta `mg~hlwh gaooxm`tp/nlwhd d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt `mgixdhd lzl~hmhww lmd glvlg`tp/ nxìd`mj z`tb`m i`mh o`m`wt~`hw wtlth lmd d`wt~`gt jauh~mohmtw- Tbh vilm liwa gamtl`mhd l gaovamhmt eagxw`mj am wgbaaiw zb`gb l~h u`hzhd lw tbh g~`t`gli i`mc nhtzhhm jauh~mohmt vilmw lmd tbh òvihohmtltàm ae gaooxm`tp `m`t`ltùhw- Lw vl~t ae tb`w gaovamhmt WHHDW v~hvl~hd l ~lmjh ae hdxgltàmli olth~`li am wgbaai wlehtpEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t @WD^ zhnw`th lt; zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!zd~g/>665/>66: zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!zd~g/>665/>66:

Lm `mwt`txtàmli oadhi ea~ wxwtl`m`mj ihl~m`mj) @md`l Tbh Ihl~m`mj ^hwax~ghw `m`t`ltùh ae tbh Lii @md`l D`wlwth~ O`t`jltàm @mwt`txth `w lm `mwt`txtàmli hrlovih ae baz l Waxtbh~m MJA glm eawth~ lmd hrvlmd ihl~m`mj lnaxt ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- Ihl~m`mj ^hwax~ghw liwa v~aoathw a~`j`mli ~hwhl~gb tb~axjb vxni`gltàmw hulixltàmw ~hu`hzw lmd mhtza~c`mj ae wtlchbaidh~w- Vxni`gltàmw l~h dhuhiavhd oamtbip `m tb~hh ilmjxljhw / Jxkl~lt` B`md` lmd Hmji`wb- Ihl~m`mj ^hwax~ghw gamdxgtw hulixltàmw ae ~hi`he lgtù`t`hw gamdxgthd np ea~h`jm a~jlm`{ltàmw `m a~dh~ ta wxvva~t nhtth~ lggaxmtlnì`tp ta gaooxm`t`hw- @t blw bawthd auh~ 80 wtxdhmtw lmd v~aehwwàmliw e~ao <0 dèeh~hmt gaxmt~`hw ta hmgax~ljh paxmj vhavih ta tlch lm `mth~hwt `m ~hdxg`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc `m dhuhiav`mj gaxmt~`hwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t; L@DO@ ">66:); D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm- zzz-waxtblw`ld`wlwth~w-mht-


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7-4 Hmblmgh tbh gaovìltàm d`wwho`mltàm lmd xwh ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mea~oltàm

BEL

D`wt~`nxt`mj `mea~oltàm np ~ldà tb~axjbaxt Ghmt~li Loh~`gl lmd tbh Gl~`nnhlm Whuh~li `m`t`ltùhw `m Ghmt~li Loh~`gl lmd tbh Gl~`nnhlm bluh heehgtùhip d`wt~`nxthd d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mea~oltàm tb~axjb g~hltùh xwh ae tbh ohd`xo ae ~ldà@m >66< tb~hh `mth~mltàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw ka`mtip v~adxghd l mxonh~ ae ~ldà walv avh~l hv`wadhw ea~ d`wt~`nxtàm loamj iagli gaooxm`t`hw lt ~`wc- Tbh walv avh~lw v~auhd hwvhg`liip xwhexi nhea~h lmd dx~`mj bhlup ~l`m lmd bx~~`glmh whlwamw- Tbh wta~`hw zh~h v~adxghd z`tb bxoax~ `muaiu`mj huh~pdlp `wwxhw tblt zaxid gltgb lmd baid lxd`hmgh ltthmtàm- Tbhp zh~h tbhm lnih ta v~aoath bl{l~d lzl~hmhww v~hvl~hdmhww lmd o`t`jltàm lmd olch tbh vh~wvhgtùhw lmd ua`ghw ae zaohm lm òva~tlmt dòhmwàm- Tbh walv avh~lw zh~h dhuhiavhd np @WD^ tbh Vlm Loh~`glm Bhlitb A~jlm`{ltàm lmd tbh @mth~mltàmli A~jlm`{ltàm ea~ O`j~ltàm ea~ xwh `m Ghmt~li Loh~`gl lmd hrvlmdhd z`tb lww`wtlmgh e~ao tbh Lwwag`ltàm ae Gl~`nnhlm Wtlthw- Tbh v~aj~low l~h lulìlnih `m Wvlm`wb amipEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t; zzz zzz-g~`d-a~-g~!g~`d!GD -g~`d-a~-g~!g~`d!GDQH@^DQ@mea~ol!`mj!Ma7Q>6666
Nlwhd am tbh wxgghww ae tb`w `m`t`li v~akhgt a~jlm`{ltàmw dhuhiavhd l wòìl~ ~ldà walv avh~l ta ~hlgb uximh~lnih gaooxm`t`hw `m tbh Hmji`wb/wvhlc`mj Gl~`nnhlm- Tbh âxjb Whlwam `w gaov~`whd ae <6 <8/o`mxth hv`wadhw tblt dhv`gt gaooamip hmgaxmth~hd w`txltàmw `m tbh ~hjàm- Tbh âxjb Whlwam zlw v~adxghd np tbh @mth~mltàmli Ehdh~ltàm ae ^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt Wag`ht`hw tbh Lwwag`ltàm ae Gl~`nnhlm Wtlthw @WD^ lmd tbh Vlm Loh~`glm Bhlitb A~jlm`{ltàmEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t; u` w`t; zzz-lgw/lhg-a~j!D`wlwth~w!âxjbWhlwam!TbhâxjbWhlwamGDQHm-btozzz-lgw/lhg-a~j!D`wlwth~w!âxjbWhlwam!TbhâxjbWhlwamGDQHm-bto- Ta Ta v~hu`hz; zzz zzz-h`~d-a~j!hmj!hdxglgàm!~ldàmauhil/gl~`nh!~ldàmauhil/gl~`nh/`mj-bto-h`~d-a~j!hmj!hdxglgàm!~ldàmauhil/gl~`nh!~ldàmauhil/gl~`nh/`mj-bto-

@m l dèeh~hmt olmmh~ tbh Eho`m`wt @mth~mltàmli ^ldà Hmdhluax~ tbh e`~wt zaohm*w @mth~mht ~ldà v~aj~looh liwa blw d`wt~`nxthd `mea~oltàm lnaxt d`wlwth~ ~hi`he lmd ~hgauh~p- Tbh Eho`m`wt ~ldà v~aj~looh natb ka`mhd lmd dagxohmthd tbh Agtanh~ >668 .Zaohm/ta/Zaohm z`tb Leehgthd Gaooxm`t`hw. glovl`jm zb`gb gblmmhiihd l`d ta zaohm lmd tbh`~ gaooxm`t`hw `m vl~tw ae Jxltholil leehgthd np Bx~~`glmh Wtlm lmd atbh~ d`wlwth~wEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t tbh zhnw`th ta ihl~m oa~h lnaxt tbh glovl`jm u`hz vbataw lmd i`wthm ta lmlipw`w lmd vh~wamli ml~~ltùh `m Wvlm`wb z`tb Hmji`wb t~lmwg~`vtw v~au`dhdzzz-~ldàeho`m`wtl-mht!agt68!glovQjxlth!glovQjxlth/`mj-bto3 Wvlm`wb; zzz-~ldàeho`m`wtl-mht!agt68!glovQjxlth!glovQjxlth/`mj-bto3 zzz-~ldàeho`m`wtl-mht!agt68!glovQjxlth!glovlmlQgaoxm`glda~lw-bto

H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj Zhnw`thw Mltx~li Bl{l~dw Ghmth~ Gaia~lda / zzz-gaia~lda-hdx!bl{l~dw! Tbh Mltx~li Bl{l~dw Ghmth~ ldulmghw lmd gaooxm`glthw cmazihdjh am bl{l~dw o`t`jltàm lmd d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww ~hwvamwh lmd ~hgauh~p tb~axjb eawth~`mj `mea~oltàm wbl~`mj lmd `mthj~ltàm ae lgtù`t`hw loamj ~hwhl~gbh~w v~lgt`tàmh~w lmd vai`gpolch~w e~ao l~axmd tbh za~id- @t liwa wxvva~tw lmd gamdxgtw ~hwhl~gb lmd v~au`dhw hdxgltàmli avva~txm`t`hw ea~ tbh mhrt jhmh~ltàm ae bl{l~dw wgbail~w lmd v~aehwwàmliw-

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BEL

Hmblmgh tbh gaovìltàm d`wwho`mltàm lmd xwh ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mea~oltàm 7-4

V~huhmtàmZhn / zzz-v~huhmtàmzhn-mht! Tbh @WD^ whg~htl~`lt `w dhuhiav`mj V~huhmtàmZhn l jianli `mea~oltàm viltea~o ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ta; elgì`tlth tbh za~c ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm v~aehwwàmliw tb~axjb tbh d`wwho`mltàm ae ~hihulmt `mea~oltàm3 v~au`dh l gaooam viltea~o ea~ `mwt`txtàmw ta jht gammhgthd3 hrgblmjh hrvh~`hmghw lmd wbl~h `mea~oltàm am d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm3 lmd hwtlni`wb lm hmu`~amohmt zb`gb zìi hmgax~ljh tbh g~hltàm lmd wbl~`mj ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm cmazihdjh- @t zìi liwa elgì`tlth tbh xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm np mam/v~aehwwàmliwV~aUhmtàm Gamwa~t`xo / zzz-v~auhmtàmgamwa~t`xo-a~j Tbh V~aUhmtàm Gamwa~t`xo zhnw`th gamtl`mw ulixlnih taaiw lmd dagxohmtltàm am d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mgixd`mj dagxohmtw lmd l~t`gihw ~hilt`mj ta lwwhwwohmt thgbm`|xhw `mth~mltàmli wtlmdl~dw ea~ lww`wtlmgh uximh~lnì`tp lmd ~`wc ~hdxgtàm wt~lthj`hw- Tbh w`th liwa b`jbi`jbtw jaad v~lgt`ghw lmd ~`wc olmljhohmt ohtbadw- Natb lgldho`g lmd oa~h jhmh~li vxni`gltàmw l~h ol`mtl`mhd lmd glm nh dazmialdhd^hjàmli D`wlwth~ @mea~oltàm Ghmth~ "G^@D) / zzz-g~`d-a~-g~!g~`d!`mj!nxw|xhdlQdagxohmtawQhihgt~am`gawQ`mj-btoi Tbh u`~txli i`n~l~p ae G^@D v~au`dhw e~hh lgghww ta auh~ <6066 hihgt~am`g dagxohmtw- G^@D `w lm `m`t`ltùh wvamwa~hd np w`r a~jlm`{ltàmw tblt dhg`dhd ta ka`m heea~tw ta hmwx~h tbh gaovìltàm lmd d`wwho`mltàm ae d`wlwth~/~hilthd `mea~oltàm `m Ilt`m Loh~`gl lmd tbh Gl~`nnhlm- Tbhwh a~jlm`{ltàmw l~h; tbh Vlm Loh~`glm Bhlitb A~jlm`{ltàm / ^hjàmli Aee`gh ae tbh Za~id Bhlitb A~jlm`{ltàm @WD^ tbh Gawtl ^`gl Mltàmli ^`wc V~huhmtàm lmd Hoh~jhmgp Gaoo`wwàm tbh @mth~mltàmli Ehdh~ltàm ae ^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt Wag`ht`hw tbh Gaa~d`mltàm Ghmth~ ea~ Mltx~li D`wlwth~ V~huhmtàm `m Ghmt~li Loh~`gl lmd tbh ~hjàmli aee`gh ae Dagta~w Z`tbaxt Na~dh~w^hi`he Zhn / zzz-~hi`hezhn-`mtIlxmgbhd `m <005 np tbh Xm`thd Wtlthw Wtlth Dhvl~tohmt tbh Xm`thd Wtlthw Ljhmgp ea~ @mth~mltàmli Dhuhiavohmt lmd tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw ^hi`heZhn zlw dhuhiavhd ta wvhhd tbh wbl~`mj ae d`wlwth~ `mea~oltàm- Lm ami`mh ~hvaw`ta~p ae mhzw wax~ghw lw zhii lw l d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt/~hilthd whl~gb hmj`mh `t lgthd lw l wtòxixw ea~ g~`w`w olmljhohmt a~jlm`{ltàmw lmd MJAw ta vawt d`wlwth~ `mea~oltàm am l gaooam viltea~o-


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Gblvth~ 4- ^hdxg`mj tbh ~`wcw `m chp whgta~w

Gblvth~ 4 ^hdxg`mj tbh ~`wcw `m chp whgta~w Bpaja E~lohza~c ea~ Lgtàm V~à~`tp 4

^hdxgh tbh xmdh~ip`mj ~`wc elgta~w@ovihohmt`mj V~à~`tp 4 ~h|x`~hw hmgax~lj`mj tbh wxwtl`mlnih xwh lmd olmljhohmt ae hgawpwthow ilmd xwh lmd mltx~li ~hwax~ghw lmd `mthj~lt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm wt~lthj`hw lmd giòlth gblmjh- @t gliiw ea~ v~aoat/ `mj eaad whgx~`tp ea~ ~hwì`hmgh `mthj~lt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vilmm`mj `mta tbh bhlitb whgta~ lmd v~aoat`mj wleh bawv`tliw- V~athgt`mj g~`t`gli vxni`g elgì`t`hw lmd òvihohmt`mj ~hgauh~p wgbhohw lmd wag`li wlehtp mhtw `w liwa mhghwwl~p- @m ldd`tàm V~à~`tp 4 `muaiuhw v~aoat`mj `mgaoh dùh~wè`gltàm avtàmw v~aoat`mj e`mlmg`li ~`wc/ wbl~`mj ohgblm`wow lmd hwtlni`wb`mj vxni`g/v~ùlth vl~tmh~wb`vw- E`mliip `t ~h|x`~hw `mthj~lt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc gamw`dh~ltàmw `m ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj lmd nxìd`mj gadhw lmd `mga~va~lt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc lwwhwwohmt `m ~x~li dhuhiavohmt vilmwWtlthw glm xmdh~tlch l mxonh~ ae tlwcw ta òvihohmt V~à~`tp 4- Tb`w gblvth~ ~hgaoohmdw tbh eaiiaz`mj tlwcw; 4-<- Hmu`~amohmt; @mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m hmu`~amohmtli lmd mltx~li ~hwax~ghw olmljhohmt4->- Wag`li mhhdw; Hwtlni`wb ohgblm`wow ea~ `mg~hlw`mj tbh ~hwì`hmgh ae tbh vaa~ lmd oawt uximh~lnih4-7- Vbpw`gli vilmm`mj; Hwtlni`wb ohlwx~hw ta `mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m x~nlm lmd ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj-

4

4-4- Wt~xgtx~hw; Wt~hmjtbhm ohgblm`wow ea~ òv~auhd nxìd`mj wlehtp lmd v~athgtàm ae g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw4-8- Wtòxilth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw `m v~adxgtàm lmd wh~u`gh whgta~w4-5- E`mlmg`li!hgamao`g `mwt~xohmtw; G~hlth avva~txm`t`hw avva~txm`t`hw ea~ v~ùlth/whgta~ `muaiuhohmt `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm4-:- D`wlwth~ ~hgauh~p; Dhuhiav l ~hgauh~p vilmm`mj v~aghww tblt `mga~va~lthw d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàmTbh eaiiaz`mj `md`glta~w l~h wxjjhwthd lw vaww`nih ohlmw ea~ lwwhww`mj v~aj~hww `m òvihohmt`mj tb`w v~à~`tp; Hmu`~amohmtli v~athgtàm mltx~li ~hwax~gh olmljhohmt lmd giòlth gblmjh vai`g`hw `mgixdh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm hihohmtw•

•

•

•

•

Wvhgè`g vai`g`hw lmd vilmw l~h nh`mj òvihohmthd ta ~hdxgh tbh uximh~lnì`tp ae òvauh~`wbhd j~axvwIlmd/xwh dhuhiavohmt {am`mj lmd vilmw lmd nxìd`mj gadhw hr`wt lmd `mgixdh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hilthd hihohmtw zb`gb l~h ~`ja~axwip hmea~ghd L iamj/th~o mltàmli v~aj~looh `w `m vilgh ta v~athgt wgbaaiw bhlitb elgì`t`hw lmd g~`t`gli `me~lwt~xgtx~h e~ao gaooam mltx~li bl{l~d huhmtw L v~aghdx~h `w `m vilgh ta lwwhww tbh d`wlwth~ ~`wc òvi`gltàmw ae olka~ `me~lwt~xgtx~h v~akhgt v~avawliw-

Za~dw @mta Lgtàm; L Jx`dh ea~ @ovihohmt`mj @ovihohmt`mj tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c E~lohza~c

2<


2>



4-<

BEL

Hmu`~amohmt; @mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m hmu`~amohmtli lmd mltx~li ~hwax~ghw olmljhohm olmljhohmtt

L- Xmdh~wtlmd`mj tbh tlwc Zblt*w tbh vx~vawh ae tb`w tlwc1

Tb`w tlwc whhcw ta dhuhiav l wt~lthjp lw zhii lw wvhgè`g v~aj~loohw ta ~hdxgh ~`wc e~ao xmwxwtl`mlnih mltx~li ~hwax~gh xwh zbìh v~athgt`mj tbh hmu`~amohmtZbp `t*w òva~tlmt

L bhlitbp hmu`~amohmt hmblmghw wag`htp*w d`wlwth~ ~hwì`hmgh `m tza zlpw; `t ~hdxghw tbh òvlgt ae mltx~li lmd bxolm/`mdxghd d`wlwth~w lmd `t mltx~liip o`t`jlthw ljl`mwt bl{l~d huhmtw- Gamuh~whip hmu`~amohmtli dhj~ldltàm `mg~hlwhw d`wlwth~ ~`wc e~ao ilmdwi`dhw twxmlo`w eiaadw d~axjbtw giòlth gblmjh òvlgtw lmd atbh~ bl{l~dw- ^hdxg`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc lmd v~athgt`mj tbh hmu`~amohmt l~h gaovihohmtl~p lmd aethm `dhmt`gli v~lgt`ghw@mthj~lt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd hmu`~amohmtli olmljhohmt g~hlthw olmp wpmh~j`hw- @t ~hdxghw tbh gawt ae òvihohmt`mj vl~liihi v~aj~loohw lmd lgtù`t`hw np hiò`mlt`mj dxvi`gltùh heea~tw- @t ltt~lgtw exmd`mj np v~adxg`mj oa~h nhmhe`tw `m tatli e~ao hlgb vilmmhd lgtù`tp- @t `mg~hlwhw u`w`nì`tp ea~ natb glxwhw i`mc`mj hlgb ta l il~jh~ mxonh~ ae vai`t`gliip òva~tlmt `wwxhw "wxgb lw giòlth gblmjh a~ l olka~ d`wlwth~)- @t ldulmghw xmdh~wtlmd`mj np wbl~`mj `mea~oltàm e~ao hlgb e`hid liiaz`mj v~lgt`tàmh~w ea~ `mwtlmgh ta ihl~m e~ao hlgb atbh~*w wt~lthj`hw ta v~aoath e`mlmg`li lmd vai`t`gli gaoo`tohmt- @mth~mltàmli e`mlmgh `mwt`txtàmw "h-j- tbh Za~id Nlmc) lmd Xm`thd Mltàmw ljhmg`hw `mg~hlw`mjip ~hgajm`{h tbh òva~tlmgh ae i`mc`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm z`tb hmu`~amohmtli lmd mltx~li ~hwax~ghw v~athgtàm lw zhii lw z`tb ldlvtltàm ohlwx~hw ta giòlth gblmjh lmd l~h nhj`mm`mj ta `mthj~lth tbhwh `mta tbh`~ exmd`mj wt~lthj`hwBaz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw

Waxmd hmu`~amohmtli olmljhohmt `w i`mchd ta lii l~hlw ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm; d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm d`liajxhw a~ mltàmli viltea~ow wbaxid `mgixdh hmu`~amohmtli olmljh~w "Tlwcw <-< lmd <->)- D`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm ihj`wiltàm vilmw lmd v~aj~loohw wbaxid `mthj~lth hmu`~amohmtli olmljhohmt "Tlwcw <-7 lmd <-4)Bl{l~d `dhmtè`gltàm lmd uximh~lnì`tp lwwhwwohmt Za~dw @mta Lgtàm; L Jx`dh ea~ @ovihohmt`mj @ovihohmt`mj tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c E~lohza~c

Th~o`maiajp gaovihrr wht ae ~hiltàmwb`vw ~hiltàmwb`vw ae Hgawpwtho; L gaovih iù`mj a~jlm`wow exmgtàm`mj lw l xm`t lmd `mth~lgt`mj z`tb tbh`~ vbpw`gli hmu`~amohmt- Tbh naxmdl~`hw ae zblt gaxid nh gliihd lm hgawpwtho l~h waohzblt l~n`t~l~p dhvhmd`mj am tbh eagxw ae `mth~hwt a~ wtxdp- Tbxw tbh hrthmt ae lm hgawpwtho olp ~lmjh e~ao uh~p wolii wvlt`li wglihw ta xitòlthip tbh hmt`~h Hl~tb- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp) Hgawpwtho wh~u`ghw l~h tbh nhmhe`tw vhavih

antl`m e~ao hgawpwthow- Tbhwh `mgixdh v~au`wàm`mj wh~u`ghw wxgb lw eaad lmd zlth~3 ~hjxilt`mj wh~u`ghw wxgb lw ~hjxiltàm ae eiaadw d~axjbt ilmd dhj~ldltàm lmd d`whlwh3 wxvva~t`mj wh~u`ghw wxgb lw waì ea~oltàm lmd mxt~`hmt gpgi`mj3 lmd gxitx~li wh~u`ghw wxgb lw ~hg~hltàmli wv`~`txli ~hi`jàxw lmd atbh~ mam/olth~`li nhmhe`tw"Wax~gh; Blwwlm Wgbaihw lmd Lwb >668) Hmu`~amohmtli dhj~ldltàm; Tbh ~hdxgtàm ae tbh

glvlg`tp ae tbh hmu`~amohmt ta ohht wag`li lmd hgaiaj`gli ankhgtùhw lmd mhhdw- Vathmt`li heehgtw l~h ul~`hd lmd olp gamt~`nxth ta lm `mg~hlwh `m uximh~lnì`tp lmd tbh e~h|xhmgp lmd `mthmw`tp ae mltx~li bl{l~dw- Waoh hrlovihw; ilmd dhj~ldltàm dhea~hwtltàm dhwh~tè`gltàm zìdilmd e`~hw iaww ae nàdùh~w`tp ilmd zlth~ lmd l`~ vaiixtàm giòlth gblmjh whl/ihuhi ~`wh lmd a{amh Th~o`maiajp) dhvihtàm- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp)

4

Hmu`~amohmtli òvlgt lwwhwwohmt; Wtxd`hw

xmdh~tlchm `m a~dh~ ta lwwhww tbh heehgt am l wvhgè`hd hmu`~amohmt ae tbh `mt~adxgtàm ae lmp mhz elgta~ zb`gb olp xvwht tbh gx~~hmt hgaiaj`gli nlilmgh- Hmu`~amohmtli òvlgt lwwhwwohmt "H@L) `w l vai`gpolc`mj taai tblt wh~uhw ta v~au`dh hu`dhmgh lmd lmlipw`w ae hmu`~amohmtli òvlgtw ae lgtù`t`hw e~ao gamghvtàm ta dhg`wàm/olc`mj- @t `w xtì`{hd hrthmwùhip `m mltàmli v~aj~loo`mj lmd ea~ `mth~mltàmli dhuhiavohmt lww`wtlmgh v~akhgtw Lm H@L oxwt `mgixdh l dhtlìhd ~`wc lwwhwwohmt lmd v~au`dh lith~mltùh waixtàmw a~ avtàmw"Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp) Th~o`maiajp)

27

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BEL

4-< Hmu`~amohmt; @mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m hmu`~amohmtli lmd mltx~li ~hwax~ghw olmljhohmt

"Tlwcw >-< lmd >->) wbaxid nh `mthj~lthd z`tb hmu`~amohmtli òvlgt lwwhwwohmt- Hdxgltàm gx~~`gxil lmd glovl`jmw ta ~l`wh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lzl~hmhww wbaxid v~aoath wxwtl`mlnih hmu`~amohmtli v~lgt`ghw "Gblvth~ 7)- Wòìl~ip t~l`m`mj dhuhiavhd ea~ tb`w tlwc wbaxid nh gaa~d`mlthd z`tb il~jh~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm t~l`m`mj `m`t`ltùhw "Tlwc 7-7)- X~nlm lmd ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj wbaxid v~athgt g~`t`gli hgawpwthow "Tlwc 4-7)^hgauh~p heea~tw wbaxid hmwx~h hmu`~amohmtli v~athgtàm "Tlwc 4-:)-

N- Baz ta da `t ^hgaoohmdhd wthvw

Ta `mthj~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta hmu`~amohmtli olmljhohmt; <-

Ea~o l tlwc ea~gh- Tbh tlwc ea~gh wbaxid `mgixdh ~hv~hwhmtltùhw ae; •

Tbh o`m`wt~p ae hmu`~amohmt!mltx~li ~hwax~ghw "a~ atbh~ wòìl~ nad`hw)-

•

Tbh ol`m hmu`~amohmtli j~axvw lgtùh mltàmliip-

•

Hrvh~tw am ~hdxg`mj ~`wc vl~t`gxil~ip e~ao bpd~a/ohtha~aiaj`gli bl{l~dw-

•

J~lww~aatw a~jlm`{ltàmw ea~ gaooxm`t`hw zaohm lmd `md`jhmaxw vavxiltàmw-

•

Tbh mltàmli d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm viltea~o `mgixd`mj `tw giòlth gblmjh nàdùh~w`tp lmd dhwh~tè`gltàm eagli va`mtw-

>-

Hwtlni`wb a~ wt~hmjtbhm ohgblm`wow ta wpwtholt`gliip n~`mj tajhtbh~ v~lgt`tàmh~w v~lgt`tàmh~w `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm "h-j- mltàmli viltea~o ohonh~w) lmd ~hv~hwhmtltùhw e~ao hmu`~amohmtli mhtza~cw-

7-

G~hlth l vilm ta gaiilna~lth am hr`wt`mj hmu`~amohmtli lmd d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw lmd v~aj~loohw- Wtl~t np `dhmtèp`mj l~hlw ae auh~ilv lmd wpmh~jp- Wxgb l~hlw gaxid `mgixdh ea~ `mwtlmgh v~aj~loohw ta v~huhmt d~axjbt dhwh~tè`gltàm eiaad lmd ea~ tbh v~athgtàm ae e~hwbzlth~ ~hwax~ghw galwtli ~hhew zhtilmdw d~pilmd lmd ea~hwt hgawpwthow-

4-

Dhuhiav l dltl hrgblmjh wt~lthjp ta ohht ~hva~t`mj ~h|x`~hohmtw xmdh~ mltàmli nìlth~li ~hjàmli lmd `mth~mltàmli ilz lmd lj~hhohmtw- ^hihulmt lj~hhohmtw gaxid `mgixdh tbh gamuhmtàmw am nàdùh~w`tp giòlth gblmjh lmd dhwh~tè`gltàm lw zhii lw tbh BEL)-

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@mwt`txtàmli`{h l ohgblm`wo ea~ gl~~p`mj axt ka`mt lwwhwwohmtw tblt `mthj~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd hmu`~amohmtli v~athgtàm vl~lohth~w- Lm hrlovih zaxid nh `mthj~lthd ~`wc/lmd/hmu`~amohmtli/òvlgt lwwhwwohmtw-

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@ovihohmt ka`mt t~l`m`mj ta v~aoath ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd wxwtl`mlnih hmu`~amohmtli v~lgt`gh- Wxgb t~l`m`mj gaxid thlgb ea~ hrlovih `dhmtè`gltàm ae .j~hhm/hmj`mhh~`mj. lith~mltùhw ta ~hdxgh ~`wc- J~hhm hmj`mhh~`mj `muaiuhw gaon`m`mj hmu`~amohmtliip whmw`tùh thgbmaiajp lmd hmu`~amohmtliip gamwgàxw v~`mg`vihw z`tb wg`hmgh thgbmaiajp lmd hmj`mhh~`mj v~lgt`gh- T~l`m`mj liwa gaxid ldd~hww d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm v~lgt`ghw tblt glm bhiv gaooxm`t`hw ldlvt ta giòlth gblmjh-

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Ka`mtip whhc exmd`mj lmd dhuhiav lgtù`t`hw v~akhgtw lmd v~aj~loohw tblt wòxitlmhaxwip ~hdxgh ~`wc lmd ol`mtl`m hgawpwtho wh~u`ghw- Hrlovihw `mgixdh v~akhgtw ta ~hdxgh uximh~lnì`tp ta d~axjbt lmd giòlth gblmjh tb~axjb ~hw`wtlmt/whhd d`wwho`mltàm-

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D~let l wt~lthjp dagxohmt axti`m`mj tbh lj~hhd l~hlw ae ka`mt za~c b`jbi`jbt`mj baz tbh wt~lthjp ex~tbh~w natb hmu`~amohmtli lmd ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ljhmdlw- D`wt~`nxth lmd v~aoath tbh vilm lmd `mwt`txtàmli`{h v~aghwwhw ta wxvva~t `t-

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Hmu`~amohmt; BE L @mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m hmu`~amohmtli lmd mltx~li ~hwax~ghw olmljhohmt 0-

@muaiuh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ~hdxgtàm v~lgt`tàmh~w `m v~aghwwhw ea~ a~jlm`{`mj Mltàmli Ldlvtltàm V~aj~loohw V~aj~loohw ae Lgtàm "MLVLw) lmd ea~ ~hva~t`mj am òvihohmtltàm ae tbh <00> ^à gamuhmtàmw- MLVLw v~au`dh l v~aghww ea~ ihlwt/dhuhiavhd gaxmt~`hw ta `dhmtèp v~à~`tp lgtù`t`hw tblt ~hwvamd ta tbh`~ oawt v~hww`mj mhhdw ta ldlvt ta giòlth gblmjh:- Tbh <00> ^à gamuhmtàmw l~h tb~hh `mth~mltàmli t~hlt`hw am giòlth gblmjh nàdùh~w`tp lmd dhwh~tè`gltàm2-

\xhwtàmw ta lwc

Ta `dhmtèp l~hlw ae wpmh~jp ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd hmu`~amohmtli olmljhohmt lwc; •

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Zb`gb hgawpwtho wh~u`ghw l~h tb~hlthmhd `m tbh gaxmt~p1 Zb`gb vavxiltàmw dhvhmd am tbhwh wh~u`ghw ea~ tbh`~ iùhi`baadw1 Hgawpwtho wh~u`g/ hw glm nh ea~ `mwtlmgh tbawh nhmhe`tw v~au`dhd np uhjhtltàm zb`gb `mgixdh waì ea~oltàm ~hjx/ iltàm ae zlth~ eiazw lmd zlth~ |xli`tp lmd l`~ vx~è`gltàmDa vilmw v~akhgtw lmd v~aj~loohw ta v~athgt hgawpwtho wh~u`ghw gamw`dh~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ohlwx~hw lmd eluax~ j~hhm hmj`mhh~`mj1 Da tbhp ~hgajm`{h lmd v~aoath `md`jhmaxw v~lgt`ghw tblt v~athgt tbh hmu`~amohmt1

Waoh hrlovihw ae ~hwax~gh olmljhohmt ohlwx~hw ta ~hdxgh ~`wcw

V~athgt`mj waìw e~ao h~awàm lmd huhmtxli dhwh~tè`gltàm tb~axjb wxwtl`mlnih el~o`mj lmd ~lmgb`mj liwa bhivw ta ~hdxgh vhavih*w uximh~lnì`tp ta d~axjbt lmd eiaad- Ol`mtl`m`mj lmd ~hvilmt`mj olmj~auhw glm v~athgt galwtli vavxiltàmw lmd tbh`~ iùhi`baadw e~ao wta~ow lmd twxmlo`w- Ol`mtl`m`mj zlth~wbhdw np lua`d`mj dhea~hwtltàm lmd dùh~wàm ae zlth~zlpw v~athgtw zlth~ |xli`tp lmd |xlmt`tp lw zhii lw v~hwh~u`mj iùhi`baadw dhvhmdhmt am e`wbh~`hw- ^`wc ~hdxgtàm ohlwx~hw wxgb lw lvv~av~`lth gamwt~xgtàm ta z`tbwtlmd wta~o lmd eiaad glm liwa bhiv gaooxm`t`hw `m ldlvt`mj ta giòlth gblmjh-

Da ilmd/xwh lmd atbh~ dhuhiavohmt v~akhgtw ~h|x`~h lm hmu`~amohmtli òvlgt lwwhwwohmt1 Dahw tbh lwwhwwohmt `mgixdh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vl~loh/ th~w1 Dahw vilmm`mj ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd hmu`~amohmtli olmljhohmt gamw`dh~ tbh extx~h òvlgtw ae gi`/ olth gblmjh1

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G- ^hwvamw`nì`t`hw lmd ~hwax~ghw Zba wbaxid nh `muaiuhd1

Tbh tlwc ea~gh wbaxid `mgixdh ~hv~hwhmtltùhw ae; •

Hmu`~amohmtli ~hjxilta~p lmd vilmm`mj ljhmg`hw `mgixd`mj tbawh `m gbl~jh ae òvihohmt`mj oxitìlth~li hmu`/ ~amohmtli lj~hhohmtw am giòlth gblmjh lmd atbh~ jianli hmu`~amohmtli `wwxhw-

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Hmu`~amohmtli lmd d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt v~lgt`tàmh~w-

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Iagli jauh~mohmtw lmd `mwt`txtàmw-

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Gaooxm`tp lmd zaohm*w j~axvw za~c`mj am hmu`~amohmtli v~athgtàm lmd mltx~li ~hwax~ghw olmljhohmt-

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@md`jhmaxw vavxiltàmw-

: Whh bttv; bttv;!!xme !!xmeggg-` ggg-`mt!ml mt!mltàml tàmliQ~hv iQ~hva~tw! a~tw!mlvl mlvl!`tho !`thow!>:< w!>:<0-vbv 0-vbv 2 Tbhwh t~hlt`hw zh~h wbazglwhd lt lt tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Mltàmw Gameh~hmgh am Hmu`~amohmt lmd Dhuhiavohmt `m <00> <00> `m ^à dh Klmh`~a Klmh`~a N~l{ì / l gameh~hmgh vavxil~ip cmazm lt tbh .^à Hl~tb Wxoo`t.- Tbh E~lohza~c Gamuhmtàm am Giòlth Gblmjh "XMEGGG) tbh Gamuhmtàm am Nàiaj`gli Dùh~w`tp "GND) lmd tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Gamuhmtàm ta Gaonlt Dhwh~tè`gltàm "XMGGD) bluh nhhm cmazm huh~ w`mgh lw tbh ^à Gamuhmtàmwbttv;!!xmeggg-`mt!mltàmliQ~hva~tw!`thow!<46 bttv;!!xmeggg-`mt!mltà mliQ~hva~tw!`thow!<462-vbv3 2-vbv3 ea~ GND zzz-nàdù zzz-nàdù-a~j!~hva~tw!dhelx -a~j!~hva~tw!dhelxit-lwvr3 it-lwvr3 ea~ XMGGD zzz-xmggd-`mt! zzz-xmggd-`mt!gav!~hva~tw!ohmx-vb gav!~hva~tw!ohmx-vbvv


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4-< Hmu`~amohmt; @mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m hmu`~amohmtli lmd mltx~li ~hwax~ghw olmljhohmt •

Hr`wt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd hmu`~amohmtli mhtza~cw `mgixd`mj za~c`mj j~axvw am ~hihulmt tav`gw wxgb lw giòlth gblmjh nàdùh~w`tp lmd zlth~ ~hwax~ghw olmljhohmt-


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L olmdlth ea~ gaiilna~ltàm nhtzhhm d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd hmu`~amohmtli ljhmg`hwWxvva~t e~ao ihldh~w lw zhii lw exmd`mj lmd a~jlm`{ltàmli wxvva~tHr`wthmgh ae gamwxitltùh lmd gaa~d`mlt`mj nad`hw tblt ohht ~hjxil~ip am hmu`~amohmtli gbliihmjhw `mgixd`mj ~`wc ~hdxgtàm L zhii/`mea~ohd tlwc ea~gh cmazihdjhlnih lnaxt hmu`~amohmtli lmd ~hwax~ghw olmljhohmt v~aj~loohw lmd jauh~mohmt ani`jltàmw `m tbhwh l~hlw lw zhii lw lnaxt ~hjxiltàm lmd `tw òvihohmtltàm `m ul~àxw whgta~wGamw`dh~ltàm `m lii whgta~w ae giòlth gblmjh `wwxhw-

D- @iixwt~ltàmw Gaon`m`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm z`tb hmu`~amohmtli olmljhohmt) U`ht Mlo

@m ~hghmt phl~w tbh Tbl` N`mb n~lmgb ae tbh U`ht Mlo ^hd G~aww blw xmdh~tlchm l oxit`/vx~vawh hmu`~amohmtli ~hwta~ltàm v~akhgt ta ldd~hww `wwxhw leehgt`mj tbh galwtli vavxiltàm ae tbh Tbl` Tbxp d`wt~`gt Tbl` N`mb v~au`mgh- H`jbt ta thm tpvbaam wta~ow wt~`ch tbh galwt ae U`htmlo lmmxliip- Tbh ~hwxit`mj t`dli eiaadw aethm n~hlgb whl d`chw `m Tbl` Tbxp glxw`mj hgamao`g iawwhw ta tbh iagli vavxiltàmTbh ~hwta~ltàm v~akhgt g~hlthd >666 bhgtl~hw ae olmj~auh vilmtltàmw zb`gb wh~uh tb~hh òva~tlmt vx~vawhwE`~wt tbh ~hg~hltàm ae mltùh olmj~auh bln`tlt bhivw ta wxwtl`m U`ht Mlo*w ~`gb galwtli nàdùh~w`tp- Whgamd tbh t~hhw lgt lw l nxeeh~ {amh `m e~amt ae tbh whl d`ch wpwtho ~hdxg`mj tbh zlth~ uhiag`tp zluh wt~hmjtb lmd z`md hmh~jp- Tb`w bhivw v~athgt galwtli ilmd bxolm ièh lmd lwwhtw `muhwthd `m dhuhiavohmt- Tb`~d tbh vilmtltàmw gamt~`nxth ta tbh v~adxgtàm ae ulixlnih hrva~tw wxgb lw wb~òv lmd g~lnw b`jb/ulixh wvhg`hw ae ol~`mh e`wb oaiixwgw lmd whlzhhd ea~ ljl~ lmd lij`mlth hrt~lgtàm- Tb`w gamt~`nxtàm aeeh~w mhz hoviapohmt avva~txm`t`hw ta bhiv zblt zlw l vaa~ vavxiltàm ta òv~auh tbh`~ iùhi`baadw Lii ohonh~w ae tbh gaooxm`tp nhmhe`t lw tbh`~ baohw iùhwtagc lmd lj~`gxitx~li ilmd l~h nhtth~ v~athgthd e~ao tbh ~`wc ae eiaad`mj- Vaa~ eloì`hw z`tb i`ttih oamhp ta ~hvl`~ a~ ~hvilgh olth~`li iawwhw e~ao wta~o dloljh l~h tbh j~hlthwt vathmt`li nhmhe`g`l~`hw- Tbh v~akhgt l~hl zlw wt~xgc np tbh za~wt tpvbaam `m l dhgldh tza oamtbw nhea~h tbh v~akhgt hulixltàm- Ilgc ae lmp w`jmè`glmt dloljh ta tbh whl d`ch lmd l|xlgxitx~h vamd wpwthow `m Tbl` Tbxp v~au`dhd tbh nhwt vaww`nih `md`glta~ ae tbh olmj~auhw* heehgtùhmhwwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!zgd~!tbholt`g/whwwàmw!v~hwhmtltàmw!whwwàm7/0!è~g~gw/u`htmlo-vde zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!zgd~!tbholt`g/whwwàmw!v~hwhmtltàmw!whwwàm7/0!è~g~gw/u`htmlo-vde

^hdxg`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc tb~axjb ldlvtltàm ta giòlth gblmjh

Wtxd`hw v~hd`gt tblt giòlth gblmjh zìi gamt`mxh ta `mg~hlwh tbh e~h|xhmgp lmd `mthmw`tp ae whuh~h zhltbh~ `m olmp vl~tw ae tbh za~id hrvlmd`mj olmp gaxmt~`hw* lmd gaooxm`t`hw* hrvawx~h ta bl{l~dw- Tb`w `mg~hlwhd hrvawx~h vawhw `tw azm hmu`~amohmtli lmd mltx~li ~hwax~gh gbliihmjhw- @mmaultùh gaooxm`t`hw l~h ldlvt`mj wxgghwwexiip ta tbhwh gbliihmjhw `m l ul~`htp ae zlpw lw tbh tza glwh wtxd`hw nhiaz ìixwt~lth-

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Hmu`~amohmt; BE L @mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m hmu`~amohmtli lmd mltx~li ~hwax~ghw olmljhohmt

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"l) ^l`w`mj dxgcw dx~`mj tbh oamwaam Nlmjildhwb ^l`w`mj dxgcw blw nhgaoh lm òva~tlmt iùhi`baad avtàm ea~ tbh eiaad/leehgthd vhavih ae NlmjildhwbDx~`mj tbh oamwaam zbhm lj~`gxitx~li ilmdw l~h dloljhd vhavih ae tbh waxtb/zhwth~m galwtli ~hjàm glm ma iamjh~ ol`mtl`m tbh`~ t~ld`tàmli eiagcw ae gb`gchmw- ^l`m eiaadw tbh ilmd ihlu`mj ma wvlgh ea~ vaxit~p lmd liwa eiaadw tbh eaddh~ wa ~hw`dhmtw glmmat ehhd tbho- @m ~hwvamwh ~hw`dhmtw bluh ~hwa~thd ta ~l`w`mj dxgcw h`tbh~ `m gljhw a~ `m gaooam zlth~ nad`hw wxgb lw vamdw- Wolii dxgci`mjw l~h naxjbt lmd tbhm ~l`whd `m tbh zlth~ nad`hw- Tbh dxgci`mjw l~h h`tbh~ ehd z`tb wxvvihohmtl~p ehhd a~ ehhd tbho/ whiuhw aee e`wb lmd `mwhgtw `m tbh vamdw- Tbh oltx~h dxgcw a~ hjjw l~h h`tbh~ gamwxohd np tbh eloìp a~ waid am tbh ol~chtEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t; @TDJ/N- >667- Lm Ltthovt am Lvvi`gltàm ae Lith~mltùh Wt~lthj`hw ea~ Gaooxm`tp Nlwhd Eiaad V~hvl~hdmhww `m Waxtb/Lw`l Nlmjildhwb- zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!zd~g/>667 zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!zd~g/>667

"n) Daohwt`glt`mj `md`jhmaxw ul~`ht`hw ae gh~hliw lmd e~x`t t~hhw L~xmlgbli V~ldhwb @md`l Tbh Ld` T~`nh ae L~xmlgbli V~ldhwb Hlwt @md`l blw dhuhiavhd lm òv~hwwùh lnì`tp ta dùh~wèp g~avw `m `tw ~`wc/v~amh lj~ahgawpwthow- Tbh t~`nh `w gamwh~u`mj oa~h tblm 26 `md`jhmaxw ul~`ht`hw ae gh~hliw "ol`mip vlddp lmd oìiht g~avw) vxiwhw aì whhdw uhjhtlnihw lmd wv`ghw tb~axjb l wbèt`mj gxitùltàm wpwtho- Tbh g~avw l~h j~azm lmd bhid iagliip lmd tbhm xwhd ta exieì tbh ul~àxw mhhdw ae iagli el~oh~wNhw`dhw gamwh~u`mj lj~`gxitx~li nàdùh~w`tp tb`w wpwtho wh~uhw lw nxeeh~ dx~`mj g~av elìx~hw@m ldd`tàm tbh Ld` vhavih bluh gamwh~uhd olmp iagli e~x`tw ea~ xwh- Tb`w gamwh~ultàm blw nhhm d~ùhm np iagltàm/wvhgè`g dholmd gxitx~h hgamaop htbm`g`tp lmd auh~lii mhhdw- @md`jhmaxw e~x`t ul~`ht`hw `mgixdh tbh zìd e`j Kloxm i`tgb` ^lonxtlm lmd tlol~`md- Tbhwh e~x`tw l~h h`tbh~ gaiihgthd np zaohm e~ao tbh ea~hwt l~hlw a~ bl~uhwthd e~ao tbh `md`jhmaxw c`tgbhm jl~dhmw- Daohwt`glthd tbh e~x`t l~h waid np lt tbh iagli ol~cht v~au`d`mj ea~ tbh zaohm l olka~ wax~gh ae `mgaoh- Tbh zaohm bluh liwa daohw/ t`glthd olmp iagli vilmt ul~`ht`hw ta hmwx~h eaad whgx~`tpEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm gamtlgt D~- ^lmklp C- W`mjb ~lmklpQknvF~heèeolì-gao

Galwtli {amh olmljhohmt vilm) @md`l

Wta~ow gpgiamhw t`dli wx~jhw lmd eiaad`mj l~h waoh ae tbh mltx~li bl{l~dw tblt n~`mj lnaxt il~jh/wglih dhwt~xgtàm ae ièh v~avh~tp lmd mltx~li ~hwax~ghw `m tbh galwtli ~hjàmw ae @md`l huh~p phl~- Tbhwh gltlwt~avb`g huhmtw glxwh tbh whl ihuhi ta ~`wh ta lnma~oli bh`jbtw ~hwxit`mj `m whuh~h h~awàm@m <00< tbh jauh~mohmt ae @md`l `wwxhd l ~hjxiltàm hmt`tihd tbh Galwtli ^hjxiltàm [amh Matè`gltàm ta olmljh bxolm lgtù`t`hw `m l~hlw 866 o e~ao tbh b`jb t`dh i`mh liamj galwtli wt~htgbhw ae tbh gaxmt~p- Tbh ~hjxiltàm waxjbt ta v~athgt tb`w .galwtli {amh. e~ao nhgao`mj dhj~ldhd dxh ta xmvilmmhd lmd!a~ hrghwwùh dhuhiavohmt- Wxgb dhuhiavohmt ~hwxitw `m vaiixtàm lmd tbh huhmtxli dhwt~xgtàm ae tb`w b`jbip v~`{hd e~ljìh lmd `~~hvilghlnih mltx~li ~hwax~gh- Tb`~thhm wtlth lmd .th~~`ta~`li lxtba~`t`hw lw zhii lw l Mltàmli Galwtli [amh Olmljhohmt Lxtba~`tp zh~h gamwt`txthd ta oam`ta~ lmd òvihohmt tbh ~hjxiltàm*w v~au`wàmwNlwhd am tbh hrvh~`hmgh jl`mhd auh~ <8 phl~w tbh a~`j`mli galwtli {amh ~hjxiltàm blw maz nhhm ~hvilghd np tbh Galwtli [amh Olmljhohmt Matè`gltàm >66:- Tbh t~lmw`tàm e~ao aid ta mhz ~hjxiltàm ~hv~hwhmtw l vl~ld`jo wbèt e~ao ghmt~li`{hd ~hjxiltàm ta l dhghmt~li`{hd olmljhohmt ae galwtli {amhw vh~ea~ohd z`tb lgtùh `muaiuhohmt e~ao iagli gaooxm`t`hw- Tb`w mhz ~hjxiltàm hovblw`{hw .wxwtl`mlnih galwtli {amh olmljhohmt. / v~athgtàm lmd wxwtl`mlnih dhuhiavohmt ae tbh galwtli wt~htgbhw lmd ol~`mh hmu`~amohmt- Wxgb olmljhohmt `w nlwhd am waxmd wg`hmtè`g v~`mg`vihw- @t tlchw `mta lggaxmt tbh uximh~lnì`tp ae tbh galwt ta mltx~li bl{l~dw lw zhii lw wxwtl`mlnih iùhi`baad ea~ iagli gaooxm`t`hw lmd gamwh~ultàm ae hgaiaj`gliip lmd gxitx~liip w`jmè`glmt galwtli ~hwax~ghw- Lii tbhwh elgta~w ehhd `mta tbh dhuhiavohmt ae lm `mthj~lthd galwtli {amh


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4-< Hmu`~amohmt; @mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m hmu`~amohmtli lmd mltx~li ~hwax~ghw olmljhohmt

olmljhohmt vilm- Vilm dhuhiavohmt aggx~w tb~axjb l vl~t`g`vlta~p v~aghww `muaiu`mj tbh ghmt~li lmd wtlth jauh~mohmtw wg`hmtè`g ~hwhl~gb `mwt`txtàmw d`wt~`gt ldo`m`wt~ltàm lmd iagli gaooxm`t`hwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t tbh zhnw`th ae tbh Dhvl~tohmt ae Hgaiajp % Hmu`~amohmt Jauh~mohmt ae Cl~mltlcl; vl~`wl~l-cl~-m`g-`m!g{o-btoi'G[O

H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj GDN lmd GL^@GAO- >664- Wax~ghnaac am tbh @mthj~ltàm ae Mltx~li Bl{l~dw `mta tbh Hmu`~amohmtli @ovlgt Lwwhwwohmt "H@L) V~aghww- Nl~nldaw; Gl~`nnhlm Dhuhiavohmt Nlmczzz-gl~`nlmc-a~j!Vxni`gltàmw-mwe!H@LWax~ghNaac!$Eìh!Wax~ghNaac8-vde Lm ltthovt ta hmwx~h tblt mltx~li bl{l~d ~`wc `w hrvi`g`tip ldd~hwwhd dx~`mj tbh v~akhgt gpgih tbh Gl~`nnhlm Dhuhiavohmt Nlmc "GDN) lmd Gl~`nnhlm Gaooxm`tp "GL^@GAO)*w Ldlvt`mj ta Giòlth Gblmjh `m tbh Gl~`nnhlm V~akhgt blw dhuhiavhd jx`dhi`mhw ea~ mltx~li bl{l~d òvlgt lwwhwwohmtw lmd tbh`~ `mthj~ltàm `mta hmu`~amohmtli òvlgt lwwhwwohmt v~aghdx~hwEa~dblo O- >66<- Gbliihmj`mj Naxmdl~`hw; L jhmdh~ vh~wvhgtùh am hl~ip zl~m`mj `m d`wlwth~ lmd hmu`~amohmtli olmljhohmt- V~hvl~hd ea~ lm hrvh~t j~axv ohht`mj am hmu`~amohmtli olmljhohmt lmd tbh o`t`jltàm ae mltx~li d`wlwth~w tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Dù`wàm ea~ tbh Ldulmghohmt ae Zaohm lmd @WD^3 5/0 Mauhonh~ >66< Lmcl~l Tx~chp Tx~chp-- zzz-xm-a~j!zaohmzltgb!dlz!gwz!hmuQolmljh!dagxohmtw!HV8/ >665-vde Bhiioxtb O ht li- hdw- >66:- Giòlth ~`wc olmljhohmt `m Le~`gl; Ihl~m`mj e~ao v~lgt`gh- Gaixon`l Xmùh~w`tp Mhz Pa~c; @mth~mltàmli ^hwhl~gb @mwt`txth ea~ Giòlth lmd Wag`htpbttv;!!`~`va~tli-idha-gaixon`l-hdx!va~tli!wh~uh~-vt!jlthzlp!VTL^JWQ6Q>Q<<:6lmd(>6Wag`h tp(>6Ma66:- 4tb ~hva~t ae tbh @mth~jauh~mohmtli Vlmhi am Giòlth Gblmjh- Lulìlnih waam lt; zzz-`vgg-gb! @VGG ">66:l)- Giòlth Gblmjh >66:; Tbh Vbpw`gli Wg`hmgh Nlw`w; Wxool~p ea~ Vai`gpolch~w- Gamt~`nxtàm ae Za~c`mj J~axv @ ta tbh Eax~tb Lwwhwwohmt ^hva~t ae tbh @mth~jauh~mohmtli Vlmhi am Giòlth Gblmjh- Ea~oliip lvv~auhd lt tbh <6tb Whwwàm ae Za~c`mj J~axv @ ae tbh @VGG Vl~`w Ehn~xl~p >66:zzz-`vgg-gb!WVO>ehn6:-vde Tb`w wxool~p ~hva~t eagxwhw am tbh wg`hmgh ae giòlth gblmjh lmd tbh gblmjhw zh l~h i`chip ta elgh `m tbh extx~h- Tbh exii ~hva~t ae Za~c`mj J~axv < `w lulìlnih lt tbh @VGG zhnw`th; zzz-`vgg-gb @VGG ">66:n)- Giòlth Gblmjh >66:; @ovlgtw Ldlvtltàm lmd Uximh~lnì`tp Za~c`mj J~axv @@ Gamt~`nxtàm ta tbh Eax~tb Lwwhwwohmt ^hva~t ae tbh @mth~jauh~mohmtli Vlmhi am Giòlth Gblmjh- Ea~oliip lvv~auhd lt tbh 2tb Whwwàm ae Za~c`mj J~axv @@ ae tbh @VGG N~xwwhiw Lv~ì >66:- zzz-`vgg-gb!WVO<7lv~6:-vde Tb`w wxool~p ~hva~t eagxwhw am tbh òvlgtw ae giòlth gblmjh lmd baz zh glm ldlvt ta gblmjhw `m tbh extx~h- Tbh exii ~hva~t ae Za~c`mj J~axv @@ `w lulìlnih lt tbh @VGG zhnw`th; zzz-`vgg-gb

22



Hmu`~amohmt; BE L @mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m hmu`~amohmtli lmd mltx~li ~hwax~ghw olmljhohmt

4-<

Chiip G- >668- Jx`dhi`mhw ea~ ~lv`d hmu`~amohmtli òvlgt lwwhwwohmt `m d`wlwth~w- Nhme`hid Bl{l~d ^hwhl~gb Ghmt~h Xmùh~w`tp Gaiihjh Iamdam lmd Gaavh~ltùh ea~ Lww`wtlmgh lmd ^hi`he Huh~pzbh~h @mg- GL^H @mth~mltàmli- zzz-jd~g-a~j!xho!d`wlwth~w!d`whmu`!chiip zzz-jd~g-a~j!xho!d`wlwth~w!d`whmu`!chiip-dag -dag Wxdoh`h~/^`hxr C- ht li- hdw- >665- Hgawpwthow Iùhi`baadw lmd D`wlwth~w- Lm `mthj~lthd lvv~algb ta d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt- Glon~`djh Xm`thd C`mjdao; @mth~mltàmli Xmàm ea~ tbh Gamwh~ultàm ae Mltx~h lmd Mltx~li ^hwax~ghw "@XGM)zzz-`xgm-a~j!tbhohw!d`wlwth~!dagxohmtw!`xgmQhgawpwthowQiùhi`baadwQd`wlwth~wQ>665Qz`tbwx~uhp-vde XMHV- >665- Le~`gl Hmu`~amohmt Axtiaac > / Ax~ Hmu`~amohmt Ax~ Zhlitb- Ml`~an` Chmpl; XMHVzzz-xmhv-a~j!DHZL!Le~`gl!dagw!hm!LHA>QAx~QHmu`~amQAx~QZhlitb-vde Tb`w ~hva~t v~aeìhw Le~`gl*w hmu`~amohmtli ~hwax~ghw lw lm lwwht ea~ tbh ~hjàm*w dhuhiavohmt- @t b`jbi`jbtw tbh avva~txm`t`hw v~hwhmthd np tbh mltx~li ~hwax~gh nlwh ta wxvva~t dhuhiavohmt lmd tbh ankhgtùhw ae tbh Le~`glm Xmàm lmd tbh Mhz Vl~tmh~wb`v ea~ Le~`gl*w Dhuhiavohmt- Tbh ~hva~t xmdh~wga~hw tbh mhhd ea~ wxwtl`mlnih iùhi`baadw lmd tbh òva~tlmgh ae hmu`~amohmtli `m`t`ltùhw `m wxvva~t`mj tbho- Hovblw`w `w vxt am zblt wbaxid lmd glm nh damh z`tb hr`wt`mj "~hol`m`mj) hmu`~amohmtli lwwhtw `m tbh gamthrt ae `dhmtè`hd gamwt~l`mtw "`wwxhw) ~ltbh~ tblm eagxw`mj am zblt blw nhhm li~hldp iawtXMHV- >66>- Jianli Hmu`~amohmt Axtiaac 7 "JHA/7)- Ml`~an` Chmpl; XMHV XMHVXMHV-zzz-j~`dl-ma!jha!jha7!hmji`wb!`mdhr-bto Zhnw`thw

V~lgt`gli Lgtàm- .Ldlvt`mj ta Giòlth Gblmjh. / bttv;!!v~lgt`glilgtàm-a~j!1`d?d`wlwth~Qgiòlthgblmjh Whh olmp glwh wtxd`hw e~ao l~axmd tbh za~id eagxwhd am vhavih ldlvt`mj ta tbh heehgtw ae giòlth gblmjh-

4

^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt Ghmt~h am Giòlth Gblmjh lmd D`wlwth~ V~hvl~hdmhww / zzz-giòlthghmt~h-a~jTb`w zhnw`th wxvva~tw Mltàmli ^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt Wag`ht`hw ta ~hdxgh auh~ tòh tbh iaww ae ièh lmd dloljh damh ta tbh iùhi`baadw ae vhavih leehgthd np tbh òvlgtw ae giòlth gblmjh lmd hrt~hoh zhltbh~ huhmtwXMEGGG- .Mltàmli Ldlvtltàm V~aj~loohw ae Lgtàm "MLVLw). / bttv;!!xmeggg-`mt!mltàmliQ~hva~tw!mlvl!`thow!>:<0-vbvMLVLw v~au`dh l v~aghww ea~ ihlwt/dhuhiavhd gaxmt~`hw ta `dhmtèp v~à~`tp lgtù`t`hw tblt ~hwvamd ta tbh`~ x~jhmt lmd òohd`lth mhhdw z`tb ~hjl~d ta ldlvtltàm ta giòlth gblmjhXMEGGG Dltlnlwh am Iagli Gav`mj Wt~lthj`hw / bttv;!!ol`mdn-xmeggg-`mt!vxni`g!ldlvtltàm! Tb`w dltlnlwh elgì`tlthw tbh t~lmweh~ ae iamj/wtlmd`mj gav`mj wt~lthj`hw!ohgblm`wow cmazihdjh lmd hrvh~`hmgh e~ao gaooxm`t`hw tblt bluh bld ta ldlvt ta wvhgè`g bl{l~dw a~ giòlt`g gamd`tàmw ta gaooxm`t`hw tblt olp kxwt nh wtl~t`mj ta hrvh~`hmgh wxgb gamd`tàmw lw l ~hwxit ae giòlth gblmjh-


20


4->

BEL

Wag`li mhhdw; Hwtlni`wb ohgblm`wow ea~ `mg~hlw`mj ~hwì`hmgh ae tbh vaa~ lmd oawt uximh~lnih


Th~o`maiajp

Zblt*w tbh vx~vawh ae tb`w tlwc1

Gaooam Gaxmt~p Lwwhwwohmt!Xm`thd Mltàmw Dhuhiavohmt Lww`wtlmgh E~lohza~c

Tb`w tlwc lòw ta `mg~hlwh tbh ~hwì`hmgh ae tbh vaa~ ta d`wlwth~w tb~axjb wag`li glv`tli hovazh~ohmt lmd iùhi`baad v~athgtàm v~au`dhd np wt~lthj`g vilmm`mj lmd ~hwax~gh lvvi`gltàm lt l mltàmli ihuhi vl~t`gxil~ip `m tbh gamthrt ae `mth~mltàmli gaavh~ltàmZbp `t*w òva~tlmt

@ovauh~`wbhd gaooxm`t`hw l~h tbh oawt uximh~lnih ta d`wlwth~w lmd bluh tbh ihlwt lnì`tp ta ~hgauh~- D`wlwth~w glm z`vh axt tbh iùhi`baadw ae vaa~ vhavih np dhwt~ap`mj lj~`gxitx~li glvlg`t`hw lmd atbh~ hwwhmt`li lwwhtw- Tbh uximh~lnì`tp ae tbh vaa~ ta d`wlwth~w `w `mg~hlwhd np ol~j`mli`{ltàm dxh ta vbpw`gli lnì`tp glwth ljh ~lgh htbm`g`tp lmd jhmdh~- Np eagxw`mj am v~athgtàm ae tbh vaa~ tbh òvlgtw ae d`wlwth~w glm nh ~hdxghd- Ta tb`w hmd lmd ta nhtth~ ohht tbh mhhdw ae tbh vaa~ ea~ v~athgtàm ljl`mwt d`wlwth~w jauh~mohmtw olp gamw`dh~ v~aj~loohw tblt v~aoath lwwht hmblmghohmt iùhi`baadw dùh~wè`gltàm l wleh/nxìt hmu`~amohmt wag`li v~athgtàm lmd hovazh~ohmt tb~axjb vl~t`g`vltàm `m jauh~mlmgh- Wxgb v~aj~loohw glm gamt~`nxth ta vauh~tp liihu`ltàm v~aj~loohw zb`gb glm nh xmdh~o`mhd np d`wlwth~w lmd glm liwa l`d tbawh zba olp nh òvauh~`wbhd d`~hgtip lw l ~hwxit ae l d`wlwth~ huhmt- Vaa~ gaooxm`t`hw liwa bluh ~hwax~ghw lmd gav`mj wt~lthj`hw tblt jauh~mohmtw glm bhiv dhuhiav ta wt~hmjtbhm tbh gaooxm`t`hw* ~hwì`hmgh ta d`wlwth~Baz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw

Tbh tlwc `w aethm l`dhd np `mwt`txtàmli`{`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd liiaglt`mj lvv~av~`lth ~hwax~ghw ea~ `t "Tlwc <-4) lw zhii lw np dhuhiav`mj e`mlmg`li!hgamao`g `mwt~xohmtw tblt bhiv ~hdxgh ~`wc "Tlwc 4-5)- @t `w liwa lww`wthd np tbh wxgghwwexi `mthj~ltàm ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta whgta~w tb~axjb wxwtl`mlnih mltx~li ~hwax~gh xwh ilmd/xwh v~lgt`gh lmd ohlwx~hw ea~ tbh wlehtp ae tbh nxìt hmu`~amohmt "Gblvth~ 4)- Lt tbh wloh tòh heehgtùh gaovihtàm ae tbh tlwc ~h|x`~hw vl~t`g`vlta~p ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw "Tlwc >-<) lmd gaov~hbhmwùh ~hgauh~p lmd v~hvl~hdmhww vilmm`mj "Tlwc 4-: lmd Gblvth~ 8)-

06

"GGL!XMDLE) v~aghww `w tbh gaooam wt~lthj`g e~lohza~c ea~ tbh avh~ltàmli lgtù`t`hw ae tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Wpwtho lt tbh gaxmt~p ihuhi- @t v~au`dhw l gaiihgtùh gabh~hmt lmd `mthj~lthd Xm`thd Mltàmw Wpwtho ~hwvamwh ta mltàmli v~à~`t`hw lmd mhhdw z`tb`m tbh e~lohza~c ae tbh Oìihmm`xo Dhuhiavohmt Jaliw lmd tbh atbh~ gaoo`tohmtw jaliw lmd tl~jhtw ae tbh Oìihmm`xo Dhgil~ltàm lmd tbh dhgil~ltàmw lmd v~aj~loohw ae lgtàm ldavthd lt `mth~mltàmli gameh~hmghw lmd wxoo`tw lmd tb~axjb olka~ Xm`thd Mltàmw gamuhmtàm gamuhmtàmww- Tbh GGL `w tbh ol`m d`ljmawt`g taai lulìlnih ta Xm`thd Mltàmw gaxmt~p thlow lmd tbh`~ vl~tmh~w ea~ lwwhww`mj lmd dhuhiav`mj l gaooam xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae tbh xmdh~ip`mj gbliihmjhw elghd np l gaxmt~p `m `tw dhuhiavohmt v~aghww- Tbh XMDLE hoh~jhw e~ao tbh lmlipt`gli lmd gaiilna~ltùh gaiilna~ltùh heea~t heea~t ae tbh GGL lmd `w tbh eaxmdltàm ea~ Xm`thd Mltàmw Wpwtho v~aj~loohw ae gaavh~ltàm"Wax~gh; "Wax~g h; XM!@WD^ XM!@WD^ lmd XMDV >665) Vauh~tp ^hdxgtàm Wt~lthjp Vlvh~w

"V^WV) l~h v~hvl~hd np jauh~mohmtw `m iaz/`mgaoh gaxmt~`hw tb~axjb l vl~t`g`vlta~p v~aghww `muaiu`mj daohwt`g wtlchbaidh~w lmd hrth~mli dhuhiavohmt vl~tmh~w `mgixd`mj tbh @mth~mltàmli Oamhtl~p Exmd lmd tbh Za~id NlmcV^WVw dhwg~`nh tbh olg~ahgamao`g wt~xgtx~li lmd wag`li vai`g`hw lmd v~aj~loohw tblt l gaxmt~p zìi vx~wxh auh~ whuh~li phl~w ta v~aoath n~ald/ nlwhd j~aztb lmd ~hdxgh vauh~tp lw zhii lw hrth~mli e`mlmg`mj mhhdw lmd tbh lwwag`lthd wax~ghw ae e`mlmg`mj"Wax~gh; @mth~mltàmli Oamhtl~p Exmd)



BELWag`li mhhdw; Hwtlni`wb ohgblm`wow ea~ `mg~hlw`mj ~hwì`hmgh ae tbh vaa~ lmd oawt uximh~lnih

4->

N- Baz ta da `t

^hgaoohmdhd wthvw

L mxonh~ ae wthvw glm nh tlchm ta v~athgt tbh vaa~ lmd tbh`~ iùhi`baadw `mgixd`mj; <-

@ov~auh dltl |xli`tp tb~axjb d`wljj~hjlthd wtlt`wt`gw ga~~hilthd ga~~hilthd ta b`jb/~`wc hmu`~amohmtw "h-j- ljh d`wlnì`t`hw wag`li d`wvl~`t`hw lmd jhmdh~)- Oa~h dhtlìhd dltl zìi bhiv gaxmt~`hw lmd a~jlm`{ltàmw ~hlgb tbh vaa~ nhea~h lmd leth~ d`wlwth~w-

>-

Za~c z`tb gaooxm`tp ihldh~w zaohm*w j~axvw lmd za~ch~w `m xmdh~tlc`mj vl~t`g`vlta~p ~`wc lwwhwwohmt lmd ~hdxgtàm lgtàmw- Hrlovihw `mgixdh v~akhgtw ta; •

@ov~auh d~l`mljh ea~ eiaad`mj lmd ilmdwi`dhw-

•

Dhuhiav zlth~ gaiihgtàm lmd ~hthmtàm elgì`t`hw ljl`mwt d~axjbt-

•

Gihl~ dhn~`w lmd ~hdxgh e`~h bl{l~dw-

•

•

Xmdh~tlch eiaad v~athgtàm lmd atbh~ ohlwx~hw ta v~athgt zlth~ zhiiw lmd hmwx~h tbh ~hgbl~j`mj ae tbh zlth~ tlnih@ovihohmt atbh~ v~hvl~hdmhww ohlwx~hw ea~ `mdù`dxliw baxwhbaidw lmd wgbaaiw hmwx~`mj ihl~m`mj e~ao v~huàxw hrvh~`hmgh-

7-

Dhw`jm jhmdh~/h|x`tlnih gaovhmwltàm vlgcljhw lw l wlehtp mht ta hmlnih tbh uh~p vaa~ ta ~hgauh~ o`mòxo iùhi`baad ohlmw leth~ l d`wlwth~- Vilm za~c/ea~/eaad a~ za~c/ea~/baxw`mj v~aj~loohw lw atbh~ v~athgtàm ohlmw ea~ tbh vaa~- Ea~ iaz/`mgaoh el~oh~w dhw`jm glwb liiagltàmw lmd!a~ whhd liiagltàmw ta hmlnih ~hgauh~p-

4-

@mgixdh v~au`wàmw ta ldd~hww d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ea~ tbh vaa~ `m tbh gaxmt~p*w V^WVw `m vl~tmh~wb`v z`tb nìlth~li a~ oxitìlth~li l`d ljhmg`hw ta gamt~`nxth ta tbh lttl`mohmt ae tbh Oìihmm`xo Dhuhiavohmt Jaliw Eùh wthvw ta `mthj~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m V^WVw;

@)

Vh~ea~o lmlipt`gli lmd d`ljmawt`g za~c `mgixd`mj auh~ilp`mj vauh~tp lmd d`wlwth~ ~`wc olvw-

@@)

Wht vauh~tp ~hdxgtàm ankhgtùhw-

@@@) V~à~`t`{h vxni`g lgtàmw ea~ vauh~tp ~hdxgtàm-

4

@U) Hwtlni`wb oam`ta~`mj lmd hulixltàm v~aghdx~hwU) @ovihohmt hulixlth lmd v~au`dh ehhdnlgc8-

@mgixdh v~au`wàmw ta ldd~hww d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m tbh GGL!XMDLE GGL!XMDLE `m vl~tmh~wb`v z`tb nìlth~li a~ oxitìlth~li l`d ljhmg`hw ta gamt~`nxth ta lttl`mohmt ae tbh ODJwTb~hh wthvw ta `mthj~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m XMDLEw;

@)

Xmdh~wtlmd d`wlwth~ ~`wc `m tbh gamthrt ae gaooam gaxmt~p lmlipw`w lmd v~aniho d`ljmaw`w-

@@)

Ldd~hww d`ljmawhd d`wlwth~ ~`wcw lw vl~t ae dhuhiavohmt v~à~`t`hw `dhmtè`hd `m XMDLE XMDLE--

@@@) @mthj~lth d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm `m`t`ltùhw lw d`wt`mgt a~ `mg~hohmtli gaovamhmtw ae vilmw ta òvihohmt ODJw `mgixdhd `m XMDLEEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm am V^WVw lmd GGL!XMDLE v~aghww whh Lmmhr U a~ whh V~aUhmtàm Gamwa~t`xo ">66:)-


0<


BEL

4-> Wag`li mhhdw; Hwtlni`wb ohgblm`wow ea~ `mg~hlw`mj ~hwì`hmgh ae tbh vaa~ lmd oawt uximh~lnih


Wag`li zhiel~h lmd gaooxm`tp bhlitb wvhg`li`wtw-

•

Hrvh~tw `m jhmdh~/~hilthd dhuhiavohmt `wwxhw-

•

Jauh~mohmt e`mlmgh lmd vilmm`mj dhvl~tohmtw-

•

^x~li dhuhiavohmt lmd lj~`gxitx~h v~athgtàm wvhg`li`wtw-

•

D~axjbt lmd zlth~ gamwh~ultàm wvhg`li`wtw-

•

Gaooxm`tp ihldh~w za~ch~w lmd uaixmthh~w-

•

Vauh~tp ~hdxgtàm lduaglthw-

•

E`mlmg`li `mwt`txtàmw lmd wvhg`li`wtw z`tb hrvh~t`wh `m v~athgtàm ae iaz/`mgaoh gaooxm`t`hw lmd tbh vaa~-

•

MJAw bxolm`tl~`lm lmd uaixmthh~ a~jlm`{ltàmw lmd dama~w-


•

•

Zhii/dhe`mhd vauh~tp liihu`ltàm wt~lthjp lmd v~aj~loohw ea~ tbh gaxmt~p Ldu`gh e~ao hrvh~tw `m MJAw gaooxm`tp/nlwhd a~jlm`{ltàmw lmd bxolm`tl~`lm ljhmg`hw za~c`mj am vauh~tp ~hdxgtàmGiawh `mth~lgtàm z`tb wag`li wh~u`ghw wag`li zhiel~h ljhmg`hw lmd hr`wt`mj mhtza~cw za~c`mj ta xmdh~wtlmd tbh xmdh~ip`mj uximh~lnì`tp gamd`tàmw ae tbh vaa~ lw zhii lw ta nxìd a~ wt~hmjtbhm hr`wt`mj mhtza~cw z`tb zaohm*w lmd gaooxm`tp j~axvw-

D- @iixwt~ltàmw Vauh~tp lmd ~`wc ~hdxgtàm v~akhgt) Hgxlda~

Olimxt~`tàm leehgtw amh/eètb ae tbh vavxiltàm ae Hgxlda~- Tbh bl{l~dw ae d~axjbt lmd eiaad gaon`mhd z`tb jhmh~li giòlth ul~`lnì`tp hrlgh~nlth tbh v~aniho- @mg~hlwhd olimxt~`tàm `m Hgxlda~ `w nhi`huhd ta nh lwwag`lthd z`tb g~av elìx~hw i`mchd ta giòlth gblmjh- L v~avawhd v~akhgt ta ldd~hww tbhwh v~anihow lòw ta òv~auh tbh xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae giòlth ul~`lnì`tp `m tbh gaxmt~p lmd `tw heehgtw am lj~`gxitx~h z`tb tbh e`mli ankhgtùh ae g~hlt`mj l mhtza~c ae eaad whgx~`tp lmd hmu`~amohmtli v~aehwwàmliwTbh v~akhgt zìi lg|x`~h zhltbh~ lmd giòlth cmazihdjh lmd atbh~ `mea~oltàm ta òv~auh dhg`wàm/olc`mj am g~avw lmd g~av vilmm`mj np lj~`gxitx~li wg`hmt`wtw vai`gpolch~w hrthmwàm ljhmtw lmd tbh el~oh~w tbhowhiuhwTb`w wbaxid `mg~hlwh eaad whgx~`tp lmd ~hdxgh olimxt~`tàm- Lm `mth~d`wg`vi`ml~p thlo ae jhaj~lvbh~w lj~`gxitx~li wg`hmt`wtw mxt~`tàm`wtw lmd giòltaiaj`wtw zìi gl~~p axt tbh v~akhgt- Tbh v~akhgt zìi gaon`mh wlthii`th òljh~p lmd j~axmd ohlwx~hohmtw lmlipw`mj zhltbh~ lmd giòlth dx~`mj tbh j~az`mj whlwam ta xmdh~wtlmd chp ul~`lnihw ea~ g~av j~aztbTbh v~akhgt zìi v~adxgh eax~ d`~hgt axtgaohw; "`) ~hwhl~gb tblt gaovl~hw j~axmd/t~xtb `mea~oltàm lmd ~hoathip whmwhd lmd whgamdl~p `mea~oltàm3 "``) vxni`gip lgghww`nih jhaj~lvb`g lmd wlthii`th `mea~oltàm ea~ lj~`gxitx~li lmd eaad whgx~`tp dhg`wàm/olc`mj 3 "```) `mea~oltàm gaovìhd lmd wbl~hd np l gaooxm`tp ae eaad whgx~`tp hrvh~tw `m Hgxlda~3 lmd "ù) t~l`m`mj ae Hgxlda~`lm vl~tmh~w ta xwh tbh wpwtho-

0>



BELWag`li mhhdw; Hwtlni`wb ohgblm`wow ea~ `mg~hlw`mj ~hwì`hmgh ae tbh vaa~ lmd oawt uximh~lnih

4->

Ea~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t; zzz-hzg7-a~j!xviald!dazmialdw!V/60QBpolmQzhn-vde a~ u`w`t tbh @mth~mltàmli Ghmth~ ea~ T~av`gli Lj~`gxitx~h zhnw`th lt;zzz lt;zzz-g`lt-gj`l~-a~j! -g`lt-gj`l~-a~j!

L gblonh~ ae gaooh~gh ea~ tbh vaa~) vaa~) @md`l

Tbh Gblonh~ ae Gaooh~gh lmd @mdxwt~p ea~ Wolii Nxw`mhwwhw `w l ea~xo ea~ wixo/dzhiih~w zba z`wb ta za~c z`tb atbh~w ta òv~auh tbh`~ iùhi`baad nlwh- Tb`w wvhg`li`{hd gblonh~ ae gaooh~gh zlw wht xv eaiiaz`mj tbh Jxkl~lt hl~tb|xlch `m >66< ta n~`mj tajhtbh~ ~hg`v`hmtw ae iùhi`baad j~lmtw lmd atbh~ wolii nxw`mhwwhw- @t `w oldh xv ae `mea~oli/whgta~ nxw`mhwwvh~wamw lmd tlchw xv `wwxhw z`tb oxm`g`vli`t`hw nlmcw lmd atbh~ aee`g`liw@t blw hmlnihd 566 eloì`hw ta jht .nhiaz/vauh~tp i`mh. ~ltàm gl~dw lmd blw lww`wthd olmp ae `tw ohonh~w ta ~hjxil~`{h tbh`~ vaw`tàm tb~axjb nlmc lggaxmtw lmd `mwx~lmghEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; Ulxr T- ">668); Nhpamd ^hi`he; ^hu`hz ae l .Bxolm Whgx~`t`hw. lvv~algb ta tbh Jxkl~lt Hl~tb|xlch- Hrvh~`hmgh Ihl~m`mj Wh~`hw ma- 7>- gbhgc; zzz-waxtblw`ld`wlwth~w-mht!vxni`(>6hiw(>6i`wt-bto

H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj Nhmwam G- lmd Tz`jj K- >66:- Taaiw ea~ Ol`mwt~hlo`mj D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm; Jx`dlmgh Mathw ea~ Dhuhiavohmt A~jlm`wltàmw- Jhmhul; V~aUhmtàm Gamwa~t`xo Whg~htl~`ltzzz-v~auhmtàmgamwa~t`xo-a~j!1vljh`d?7:%vxni`gltàm`d?<7>'<7> Vlmtakl H- >66>- O`g~ae`mlmgh lmd D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt; Hrvh~`hmgh lmd Ihwwamw Ihl~mhd- Zlwb`mjtam DG; Tbh Za~id Nlmc- zzz-v~auhmtàmgamwa~t`xo-a~j!tbhohw!dhelxit!vdew!o`g~ae`mQDÔ-vde Tbh ~hva~t `w vl~t ae lm `m`t`ltùh am o`g~ae`mlmgh lmd d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt gl~~`hd axt xmdh~ tbh xon~hiil ae tbh V~aUhmtàm Gamwa~t`xo np tbh Za~id Nlmc*w D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt Elgì`tp XMDV lmd tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Glv`tli Dhuhiavohmt Exmd-

4

XM!@WD^ lmd XMDVXMDV- >665- @mthj~lt`mj D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm `mta GGL lmd XMDLEXMDLE- D~let Jx`dlmgh Mathzzz-xm`wd~-a~j!ggl/xmdle Tb`w math lvv~auhd np tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Dhuhiavohmt J~axv v~au`dhw jx`dlmgh ta Xm`thd Mltàmw gaxmt~p thlow lmd tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw ~hw`dhmt ga/a~d`mlta~ wpwtho am ol`mwt~hlo`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta tbh GGL!XMDLE v~aghwwZhnw`thw

Tbh Jhmdh~ lmd D`wlwth~ Wax~ghnaac / zzz-jdmami`mh-a~j!wax~ghnaac!`mdhr-bto L amh/wtav xwh~/e~`hmdip hihgt~am`g jx`dh am tbh i`mc nhtzhhm jhmdh~ h|xli`tp lmd d`wlwth~ ~`wc; ihwwamw ihl~mhd lmd v~lgt`gli lvvi`gltàmw-


07


4-7

BEL

Vbpw`gli vilmm`mj; Hwtlni`wb ohlwx~hw ta `mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m x~nlm lmd ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj


Th~o`maiajp Ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj; N~lmgb ae


Tb`w tlwc whhcw ta `mgixdh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ohlwx~hw `m dhuhiavohmt ilmd/xwh lmd x~nlm vilmm`mj- @t wxjjhwtw da`mj wa np `mga~va~lt`mj bl{l~d lmd uximh~lnì`tp vl~lohth~w `mta tbhwh ea~ow ae vilmm`mj np òv~au`mj wtlmdl~dw lmd v~lgt`gh lmd np òvihohmt`mj lmd hmea~g`mj nxìd`mj gadhw lmd ilmd/xwh ~hjxiltàmw- Atbh~ wt~lthj`hw `mgixdh; hmlgt`mj ohlwx~hw ta ~hdxgh `mea~oli x~nlm whttihohmtw v~avh~ w`t`mj ae g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw lmd `me~lwt~xgtx~hw vxtt`mj l v~ho`xo am xmnxìt wvlghw lmd g~hlt`mj mhtza~cw ae avhm wvlghw {am`mj bl{l~daxw l~hlw lmd òvaw`mj wt~`gth~ dhuhiavohmt gamt~aiw `m tbhwh l~hlw lmd òv~au`mj tbh wlehtp ae wixow lmd bl{l~daxw nxìd`mjwZbp `t*w òva~tlmt

@mt~adxg`mj mltx~li bl{l~d gamw`dh~ltàmw `mta dhuhiavohmt ilmd/xwh lmd x~nlm vilmm`mj zìi `m tbh iamj th~o ~hdxgh tbh lggxoxiltàm ae ~`wc `m natb ~x~li l~hlw lmd l~hlw ae ~lv`d x~nlm`{ltàm- X~nlm d`wlwth~ ~`wc `w il~jhip l ~hwxit ae xmwlt`welgta~p x~nlm ilmd/xwh olmljhohmt lmd dhuhiavohmt vaa~ gamwt~xgtàm v~lgt`ghw tbh `mg~hlw`mj gaovihr`tp ae oadh~m wag`ht`hw lmd `mlvv~av~`lth ilmd/xwh dhg`wàmw `m tbh vlwt-

vbpw`gli lmd wagà/hgamao`g vilmm`mj tblt dhth~o`mhw tbh ohlmw lmd lwwhwwhw tbh ulixhw a~ iò`tltàmw ae ul~àxw avtàmw `m zb`gb ilmd `w ta nh xtì`{hd z`tb tbh ga~~hwvamd`mj heehgtw am dèeh~hmt whjohmtw ae tbh vavxiltàm a~ `mth~hwtw ae l gaooxm`tp tlchm `mta lggaxmt `m ~hwxit`mj dhg`wàmw- Ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj `muaiuhw wtxd`hw lmd olvv`mj lmlipw`w ae hmu`~amohmtli lmd bl{l~d dltl ea~oxiltàm ae lith~mltùh ilmd/xwh dhg`wàmw lmd dhw`jm ae l iamj/ ~lmjh vilm ea~ dèeh~hmt jhaj~lvb`gli lmd ldo`m`wt~ltùh wglihw- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp)

@e ~`wc vl~lohth~w l~h gamw`dh~hd `m dhuhiavohmt vilmw lw zhii lw `m x~nlm lmd ~hjàmli ilmd/xwh vilmw tbhm lvv~av~`lth ohlwx~hw glm nh `mt~adxghd ta ldd~hww tbh ~`wcw- Tb`w `w hwvhg`liip òva~tlmt ea~ ohjl/g`t`hw lmd atbh~ dhmwh gamghmt~ltàmw ae vavxiltàm lmd ea~ tbh vaa~ lmd ol~j`mli`{hd j~axvw- @m ldd`tàm ta hmwx~`mj nhtth~ xwh ae ilmd tbh `mt~adxgtàm ae waxmd v~lgt`ghw `m ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj lmd gamwt~xgtàm v~lgt`ghw zìi bhiv òv~auh wtlmdl~dw ae v~aehwwàmli v~lgt`gh lmd htb`gw-

Ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj lmd d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm

Ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj `w l wpwtholt`g v~aghww tblt hmlnihw tbh `dhmtè`gltàm lmd hulixltàm ae bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnì`t`hw ae l bxolm whttihohmt- Tb~axjb tbh vilmm`mj v~aghww l v~aj~lo ae lgtàm glm nh v~hvl~hd ta `m`t`lth dhw`~hd gblmjhw `m tbh x~nlm eln~`g lmd wt~xgtx~h- @m b`jbip dpmlo`g x~nlm whtt`mjw zbh~h elwt/ vlghd x~nlm`{ltàm aggx~w tajhtbh~ z`tb hgamao`g v~aj~hww ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj whhcw ta wthh~ a~ lt ihlwt n~`mj a~dh~ ta ~lv`d ilmd/xwh gblmjhw lmd x~nlm dhuhiavohmt np v~au`d`mj iamj/th~o jaliw lmd wt~lthj`hw liiaz`mj `mhu`tlnih gblmjhw ta aggx~ `m l wleh~ lmd wxwtl`mlnih olmmh~- Wxgb vilmm`mj ea~tè`hw tbh jali ae x~nlm wxwtl`mlnì`tp np ~hwvhgt`mj tbh `mth~dhvhmdhmgh ae tbh x~nlm lmd mltx~li hgawpwthowIlmd/xwh vilmm`mj wxvva~tw d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm nhglxwh `t eagxwhw am oadèp`mj tbh uximh~lnì`t`hw ae g`t`hw `mwthld ae gamt~aii`mj tbh bl{l~dw tbh~hnp wxvva~t`mj d`wlwth~ o`t`jltàm lmd v~huhmtàm- Tbh iaj`g ae ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj `w gaovlt`nih z`tb d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm nhglxwh natb l~h wpwtholt`g extx~h/a~`hmthd dhg`wàm/a~`hmthd lmd v~algtùh-

04



Vbpw`gli vilmm`mj; Hwtlni`wb ohlwx~hw ta `mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m x~nlm lmd ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj BEL

4-7

Baz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw

@ov~auhd vilmm`mj ~hi`hw am wt~hmjtbhm`mj ae l gaxmt~p*w vai`gp ihjli lmd `mwt`txtàmli e~lohza~cw "Tlwcw <-7 lmd <-4) lmd ~h|x`~hw heehgtùh ~`wc lmlipw`w "Tlwc >-<)- Tbh t~l`m`mj ljhmdl dhuhiavhd ea~ tb`w tlwc wbaxid nh gaa~d`mlthd z`tb il~jh~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm t~l`m`mj `m`t`ltùhw "Tlwc 7-7)- Tbh tlwc `w giawhip i`mchd ta òv~auhd wlehtp ae nxìd`mjw lmd g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw "Tlwc 4-4)- Ex~tbh~oa~h v~ùlth whgta~ v~aehwwàmli lmd t~ldh a~jlm`{ltàmw glm vilp l w`jmè`glmt ~aih `m òv~au`mj cmazihdjh z`tb`m tbh`~ ohonh~wb`vw lmd òv~au`mj htb`gw lmd wtlmdl~dw ae v~lgt`gh "Tlwc 4-5)-


Olmp wthvw glm nh tlchm ta ~hdxgh d`wlwth~ ~`wc tb~axjb òv~auhd ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj lmd bxolm whttihohmtw dhuhiavohmt `mgixd`mj; <-

Hulixlth tbh glvlg`tp ae ljhmg`hw lt lii ihuhiw ae jauh~mohmt ta xmdh~wtlmd òvihohmt lmd hmea~gh dhuhiavohmt vilmm`mj lmd ilmd/xwh v~aj~loohw vilmw lmd ~hjxiltàm- Liwa iaac lt ljhmg`hw* lnì`tp ta lwwhww tbh`~ azm `mwt`txtàmli glvlg`tp lmd t~l`m`mj mhhdw `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt-

>-

Za~c`mj z`tb mltàmli ~hjàmli v~au`mg`li lmd iagli vilmm`mj ljhmg`hw lwwhww tbh hrthmt ta zb`gb bl{l~d lmd uximh~lnì`tp vl~lohth~w l~h `mga~va~lthd `m vilmm`mj v~aghwwhw- Wtxdp tbh v~aghww ae ilmd/xwh liiagltàm ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj lmd dhuhiavohmt vilmm`mj-

7-

Dhuhiav l t~l`m`mj ljhmdl ea~ iagli ilmd/xwh vilmmh~w iagli jauh~mohmt aee`g`liw thgbm`gli wtlee lmd ~hjxilta~w ta hmblmgh thgbm`gli glvlg`tp `m ~`wc/whmw`tùh ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj lmd x~nlm dhuhiavohmt•

•

T~l`m`mjw wbaxid `mgixdh ~`wc lwwhwwohmt lmd thgbm`|xhw ea~ `mga~va~lt`mj bl{l~d lmd uximh~lnì`tp vl~lohth~w `m tbh vilmm`mj v~aghww lmd `m `mt~adxg`mj o`mòxo wlehtp g~`th~`lT~l`mhhw wbaxid nh ilmd/xwh lmd x~nlm vilmmh~w nxìd`mj aee`g`liw g`tp hmj`mhh~w {am`mj aee`gh~w hmu`/ ~amohmtli olmljh~w lmd atbh~ iagli jauh~mohmt vh~wammhi `m gbl~jh ae iagli òvihohmtltàm lmd hmea~ghohmt-

4

4-

Hmwx~h tblt i`mh o`m`wt~`hw lmd whgta~li dhvl~tohmtw `mga~va~lth ~`wc ~`wc lwwhwwohmt lmd ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ohlwx~hw `m tbh`~ v~aj~loohw- Wxgb v~au`wàmw l~h whgta~/dhvhmdhmt lmd ~h|x`~h wvhgè`g hrvh~t`wh ~hilthd ta tbh whgta~-

8-

Za~c z`tb v~aehwwàmli lmd t~ldh a~jlm`{ltàmw ta òv~auh htb`gw lmd wtlmdl~dw ae v~lgt`gh z`tb`m ~hihulmt v~aehwwàmw- Jùh tbho lm lgtùh ~aih `m òv~au`mj tbh wtlmdl~dw ae v~lgt`gh-

5-

Hmea~gh ilmd/xwh ~hjxiltàmw lmd v~aghdx~hw ta hmwx~h tblt {am`mj d`wt~`gtw l~h hwtlni`wbhd lmd l~h nlwhd am vl~t`gxil~ dhuhiavohmt ~hjxiltàmw lmd vh~ea~olmgh wtlmdl~dw lvv~av~`lth ta tbh ilmd/xwh lmd vx~vawh ae hlgb {amh- V~aoath zbh~h lvv~av~`lth ~hwt~`gtùh ~xihw lmd b`jbh~ wtlmdl~dw lòhd lt gx~n`mj dhuhiavohmt `m bl{l~daxw l~hlw tblt l~h v~amh ta ilmdwi`dhw hl~tb|xlchw i`|xhelgtàm wx~elgh elxit`mj eiaadw lmd gpgiamhw- Tbhwh ~xihw lmd wtlmdl~dw wbaxid `muaiuh hihohmtw wxgb lw ilmd/xwh `mthmw`tp vavxiltàm dhmw`tp aggxvlmgp iald nxic lmd bh`jbt ae nxìd`mjw nxìd`mj lvvhmdljhw w`jmw lmd nìinal~dw t~lee`g jhmh~ltàm lmd atbh~ hmu`~amohmtli òvlgtw-

:-

Dhuhiav l v~aj~looh ta d`wgax~ljh ìi`g`t!`mea~oli gamwt~xgtàm- @m`t`lth v~aj~loohw lòhd lt ~hiagltàm ae `mea~oli whttihohmtw e~ao bl{l~daxw l~hlw lnlthohmt ae xmwleh nxìd`mjw ~hmhzli lmd ~hdhuhiavohmt ae ni`jbthd lmd dh~hi`gt l~hlw lmd xvj~ld`mj ae wixow z`tb`m tbh g`tp-


08


BEL

4-7 Vbpw`gli vilmm`mj; Hwtlni`wb ohlwx~hw ta `mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m x~nlm lmd ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj 2-

Hwtlni`wb lm `mth~gammhgthd mhtza~c ae avhm wvlghw / wxgb lw vxni`g vl~cw j~hhmnhitw lmd j~hhm ga~~`da~w / lw lm òva~tlmt x~nlm hihohmt `m tbh wvlt`li wt~xgtx~h ae g`t`hw lmd x~nlm`{hd l~hlw lmd lw l wt~lthjp ta v~huhmt x~nlm wv~lzi-

0-

V~aoath tbh lg|x`w`tàm ae bl{l~daxw ilmdw np iagli jauh~mohmtw- Tbhwh ilmdw glm nh liiaglthd ea~ iaz/ `mthmw`tp iaz/dhmw`tp ilmd xwhw-

<6- @mwt`txth vxni`g vl~t`g`vltàm wt~lthj`hw `m tbh ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj v~aghww ta `mthj~lth uximh~lnì`tp lmd ~`wc vh~ghvtàm `wwxhw `m vilmw- Nxìd gamwhmwxw loamj dèeh~hmt wtlchbaidh~w wa lw ta hmblmgh tbh wag`li lgghvtlnì`tp ae ~`wc/whmw`tùh ilmd/xwh vilmw lmd ta `mg~hlwh gaovi`lmgh z`tb ~hjxiltàmw lmd wtlmdl~dw<<- Dhw`jm e`wgli lmd atbh~ `mghmtùh vlgcljhw ta v~aoath waxmd v~lgt`ghw tblt òv~auh wtlmdl~dw ea~ ilmd/xwh lmd v~aehwwàmli v~lgt`gh wxgb lw vxni`g d`wgiawx~h ae bl{l~daxw v~avh~tp w`thw- G~hlth i`ghmw`mj lmd ~hzl~d ohgblm`wow ea~ v~aehwwàmliw wxgb lw l~gb`thgtw vilmmh~w hmj`mhh~w ~hli hwtlth dhuhiavh~w gamt~lgta~w lmd Ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj v~aghwwhw `mdù`dxli v~avh~tp lmd nxìd`mj azmh~wTbh v~aghww ae ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj lmd <>- Dhuhiav v~aghdx~hw ea~ `mga~va~lt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm liiagltàm tlchw vilgh `m l vai`t`gli `m tbh v~akhgt gpgih- Hmwx~h tblt e`mlmg`li `mwt`txtàmw lmd gamthrt lmd `muaiuhw ul~àxw ~hjxilta~p ljhmg`hw ldavt tbhwh v~aghdx~hwgaovht`mj `mth~hwtw lmd ulixhw- Tbxw ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj ~h|x`~hw <7- Dhuhiav l wt~lthjp ta v~au`dh ihjli i`lnì`tp lmd avtàmw ea~ dhuhiavohmt ae l gaooam ihjli ~hgax~wh ta vxm`wb mhji`jhmt v~lgt`ghwxmdh~wtlmd`mj ae tbh ilzw lmd <4- @m tlmdho z`tb tbh ilmd/xwh {am`mj lmd x~nlm dhuhiavohmt ~hjxiltàmw lw zhii lw ae hgamao`g ohlwx~hw ohmtàmhd lnauh v~aoath vxni`g `muaiuhohmt lmd wag`li v~hwwx~hw lmd l gaooam wt~lthj`hw `mgixd`mj hdxgltàm lmd `mea~oltàm d`wwho`mltàm lvv~hg`ltàm ae ~hiltùh ~`wc- Ta whgx~h ta `mg~hlwh tbh lzl~hmhww ae ~hw`dhmtw lmd ta jltbh~ wxvva~t òv~auhohmtw `m htb`gw `m wtlmdl~dw ea~ ilmd/xwh dhg`wàm/olc`mj nlwhd am d`wlwth~ ~`wc ae v~lgt`gh lmd `m hmea~ghohmt ae vl~lohth~w~hjxiltàm lmd gamwt~xgtàm gadhw jauh~mohmt `mwt`txtàmw mhhd ta hmjljh z`tb v~ùlth whgta~ \xhwtàmw ta lwc v~aehwwàmli lmd t~ldh a~jlm`{ltàmw @m `dhmtèp`mj l ~lmjh ae v~aj~loohw ea~ l vai`gp vlgcljh lwc è lii ae zb`gb glm vilp l w`jmè`glmt ~aih tbh vlgcljh `mgixdhw hihohmtw tblt; `m òv~au`mj cmazihdjh lmd v~lgt`ghw z`tb`m tbh`~ ohonh~wb`vw- Ldd`tàmliip Ldd`tàmliip V~aoath lmd `mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm loamj tbh ul~`/ `t `w jaad v~lgt`gh ta gamwxit z`tb axw `mth~hwtw lwwag`lthd z`tb ilmd/xwh- "Tb`w wbaxid `mgixdh ohonh~w ae leehgthd gaooxm`t`hw lmd `mga~va~lt`mj ~`wc ~hdxgtàm wt~lthj`hw dhuhiavhd ea~ wvhgè`g ta `muaiuh tbho `m tbh v~aghww ae ilmd/ whgta~w wxgb lw tbh hmu`~amohmt lmd òvauh~`wbhd gaooxm`/ xwh vilmm`mj lmd olmljhohmt / t`hw-) ohonh~w wxgb lw vaa~ vavxiltàmw Dhuhiav ohgblm`wow ea~ òvihohmtltàm lmd hmea~ghohmt ae zba aethm da mat bluh avtàmw lmd ilmd/xwh vilmw ~xihw ~hjxiltàmw lmd wtlmdl~d; wxgb lw cmazi/ oxwt whttih `m bl{l~daxw l~hlwhdjh uaixmtl~p gaovi`lmgh lmd vxm`tùh lgtàmw•

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Gamt~ai `mea~oli gamwt~xgtàm lmd x~nlm wv~lzi-

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G~hlth vl~tmh~wb`vw lmd hmjljh v~aehwwàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw t~ldh a~jlm`{ltàmw lmd xmàmw-

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Dhw`jm lmd òvihohmt gaovhthmt t~l`m`mj v~aj~loohw lmd v~aehwwàmli wcìi hmblmghohmt v~aj~loohw-

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^hwvamd ta tbh gamgh~mw lmd mhhdw ae tbh oawt uximh~lnih-

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Hmlnih hee`g`hmt hmea~ghohmt v~aghdx~hw lmd i`lnì`tp lgtàmw-

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G~hlth `mghmtùh ohgblm`wow ta hmgax~ljh lmd v~aoath waxmd ilmd/xwh lmd gamwt~xgtàm v~lgt`ghw-

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@mga~va~lth whgta~/wvhgè`g d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm wt~lthj`hw-

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Vbpw`gli vilmm`mj; Hwtlni`wb ohlwx~hw ta `mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m x~nlm lmd ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj BEL

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G`tp lmd ~hjàmli vilmm`mj ljhmg`hw baxw`mj ljhmg`hw `me~lwt~xgtx~h lmd vxni`g za~cw ljhmg`hw-

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Iagli jauh~mohmtw vl~t`gxil~ip g`t`hw lmd oxm`g`vli`t`hw-

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^hv~hwhmtltùhw ae v~aehwwàmli ~hli hwtlth lmd t~ldh a~jlm`{ltàmw-

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Gaooxm`tp/nlwhd a~jlm`{ltàmw lmd gaooxm`tp ihldh~w- @mgixdh ohonh~w ae leehgthd gaooxm`t`hw wxgb lw vaa~ vavxiltàmw zba aethm da mat bluh avtàmw lmd oxwt whttih `m bl{l~daxw l~hlwI`mh o`m`wth~w lmd whgta~li dhvl~tohmtw z`tb whgta~/wvhgè`g hrvh~t`wh `mgixd`mj hrvh~t`wh am giòlth/~hilthd ~`wcw-

D- @iixwt~ltàmw Mltàmli ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj lmd olmljhohmt) Gxnl

@m Gxnl mltàmli ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj lmd olmljhohmt l~h `mthj~lthd z`tb d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- Ea~ auh~ 46 phl~w tbh @mwt`txth ea~ Vbpw`gli lmd Wvlt`li Vilmm`mj blw nhhm tbh ~hwvamw`nih nadp ea~ òvihohmtltàm ae vbpw`gli vilmm`mj `m tbh gaxmt~p- @tw vilmm`mj wpwtho `mthj~lthw lii wglihw ae vai`t`gli lmd ldo`m`wt~ltùh kx~`wd`gtàmw `m ldd~hww`mj l z`dh ~lmjh ae ilmd/xwh `wwxhw- Tbhwh `mgixdh tbh olmljhohmt ae mltx~li ~hwax~ghw lmd dhg`wàmw lnaxt bxolm whttihohmtw tbh hmu`~amohmt bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnì`tp- Tbh @mwt`txth dhe`mhw ~hjxiltàmw lmd v~au`dhw ohtbadaiaj`hw ea~ ~`wc olmljhohmt tblt `mgixdh nxìd`mj gadhw lmd ~`wc {am`mj zb`gb ~hdxgh tbh vbpw`gli uximh~lnì`tp ae baxwhbaidw lmd g~`t`gli `me~lwt~xgtx~h hwvhg`liip `m eiaad/v~amh l~hlw- Tbhwh lmd ~hilthd taaiw ea~ òvihohmt`mj ilmd/xwh gamt~aiw l~h wxvva~thd np zhii/`mthj~lthd ohtbadaiaj`gli lmd ihjli e~lohza~cw t`hd `mta tbh wxwtl`mlnih dhuhiavohmt v~aghwwhw ae tbh gaxmt~p- @m ldd`tàm ta tbh @mwt`txth tbh mltàmli gùì dhehmgh lxtba~`tp lmd tbh bpd~a/ohtha~aiaj`gli wh~u`gh bhiv ~hli`{h tbhwh wt~lthj`hw@m`t`ltùhw `m ilmd/xwh olmljhohmt lmd x~nlm vilmm`mj bluh `muaiuhd gaooxm`t`hw `m tbh `dhmtè`gltàm ae iagli v~anihow `m tbh vilmm`mj v~aghww lmd `m òvihohmt`mj tbh dhg`wàmw tlchm lnaxt ilmd/xwh olmljhohmt- Tbh oxit`d`wg`vi`ml~p lmd `mth~/`mwt`txtàmli mltx~h ae tbh za~c blw bhivhd ta hwtlni`wb l gamghvtxli lmd oa~h ohtbad`gli nlw`w ea~ heehgtùh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàmGalwtli l~hlw gamwt`txth tbh oawt e~ljìh lmd gaovihr hgawpwthow `m Gxnl- Tbh`~ `mg~hlw`mj hrvawx~h ta tbh òvlgt ae d`wlwth~w blw oatùlthd tbh Jauh~mohmt ta wxvva~t wtxd`hw am galwtli ilmd/xwh olmljhohmt- Lt tbh mltàmli ihuhi vilmw dhe`mh jx`dhi`mhw ea~ tbh xwh ae galwtli l~hlw `dhmtèp`mj v~à~`tp wghml~àw ea~ zb`gb b`jbh~ ~hwaixtàm wtxd`hw mhhd ta nh gamdxgthd- Bl{l~d olvw ea~ wta~o wx~jhw lmd ldd`tàmli uximh~lnì`tp olvw bluh nhhm v~adxghd- Tbh xwh ae tbhwh olvw liiazw Gxnl ta `dhmtèp ~hiltùh ihuhiw ae ~`wc ea~ whttihohmtw iaglthd `m galwtli l~hlw- Whuh~li ilmd/xwh ~hjxiltàmw bluh ~hwxithd e~ao tb`w lmlipw`w `mgixd`mj wvhgè`g ~hgaoohmdltàmw ea~ ~ht~ae`tt`mj ~hwhttihohmt lmd x~nlm j~aztb ~hjxiltàmw ea~ <6: galwtli whttihohmtwTbh g`tp ae Blulml v~au`dhw lm hrlovih ae x~nlm vilmm`mj `m l galwtli {amh- Tbh g`tp blw l gamwv`gxaxw n~hlch~ zlii a~ olihg÷m wt~htgb`mj whuhm cìaoht~hw liamj tbh whl ta ~hdxgh tbh òvlgt ae tbh wta~o wx~jhw tblt vh~àd`gliip wt~`ch tbh g`tp*w galwt- [am`mj gadhw lmd wtlmdl~dw ea~ gamwt~xgtàm lò ta òv~auh tbh ~hihulmt a~jlm`{ltàmli v~aghdx~hw ta hmgax~ljh oa~h heehgtùh ohlmw ae gamwt~xgtàm lmd ta v~aoath waxmd ~hblnì`tltàm `m tbh l~hl- Nlwhohmtw bluh nhhm ~hnxìt tbh bh`jbtw ae nxìd`mjw ~hjxilthd lmd mhz ilmdwglvh dhw`jmw ea~ vxni`g l~hlw ldavthdEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; XM!@WD^- >664- Iù`mj z`tb ^`wc vv- 7<:/7<0- !zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!iz~ !zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!iz~/>664 />664


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BEL

4-7 Vbpw`gli vilmm`mj; Hwtlni`wb ohlwx~hw ta `mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m x~nlm lmd ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj Wt~hmjtbhm`mj iagli glvlg`t`hw ea~ ilmd vilmm`mj `m Oltljlivl) M`gl~ljxl

Tbh dhulwtlt`mj dloljhw e~ao Bx~~`glmh O`tgb `m Agtanh~ <002 ~huhlihd waoh w`jmè`glmt uximh~lnì`t`hw ae tbh g`tp ae Oltljlivl M`gl~ljxl- Tbh Glmtam ae Jhmhul lmd Xm`thd Mltàmw Avh~ltàmli Wlthii`th Lvvi`gltàmw V~aj~looh "XMAWLT) ihld l glvlg`tp/nxìd`mj v~akhgt tblt `m a~dh~ ta ~hdxgh tbh g`tp*w uximh~lnì`tp hmlnihw iagli lgta~w ta `mthj~lth ~`wc olmljhohmt `mta x~nlm lmd ~x~li vilmm`mj- Lw l ~hwxit ae v~akhgt lgtù`t`hw tbh oxm`g`vli`tp glm maz glii am lm x~nlm dhuhiavohmt vilm lmd l ilmd/~hjxilta~p vilm ta jx`dh `tw lgtàmw auh~ tbh mhrt thm phl~wTbh glvlg`tp/nxìd`mj v~akhgt blw tza vìil~w; "`)

Elgì`tlthd lgghww ta xvdlthd jhaj~lvb`g `mea~oltàm z`tb tbh xwh ae wlthii`th òljh~pòljh~p- Tbh v~akhgt blw v~au`dhd tb`w lgghww np hwtlni`wb`mj tbh Oltljlivl Jhaj~lvb`gli @mea~oltàm Ghmth~ "zzz-G@JOLT-a~j)G@JOLT blw dhiùh~hd olvw ae l~hlw lt ~`wc ae lmd leehgthd np eiaadw lw zhii lw waì xwh olvw bpd~aj~lvb`g olvw lmd d`j`tli`{hd u`hzw ae tbh tavaj~lvbp ae iagli tazmw ~ùh~w lmd ~aldw- Tb`w ~hwax~gh ghmt~h `w maz exiip avh~ltàmli lmd v~avh~ip h|x`vvhd z`tb wtlee t~l`mhd am tbh xwhw ae wlthii`th òljh~p lmd jhaj~lvb`g `mea~oltàm wpwthow-

"``) L ilmd vilmm`mj aee`gh "AVT) z`tb`m tbh oxm`g`vli`tp ae Oltljlivl- AVT zlw wtl~thd ta hmwx~h tblt tbh iagli gaxmgì gaxid glii am l |xliè`hd thgbm`gli thlo ta wxvva~t `tw ilmd olmljhohmt vilmw lmd v~aj~loohw- @t blw oldh olka~ gamt~`nxtàmw ta tbh gaxmgì- @t blw axti`mhd ~`wc w`txltàmw ta tbh ~hw`dhmtw `m a~dh~ ta ~l`wh natb lzl~hmhww lmd `mth~hwt `m vaww`nih ~hiagltàm ta oa~h wx`tlnih l~hlw- @t blw hulixlthd eloìp baohw leehgthd np t~av`gli wta~ow- @t blw ~hu`hzhd tbh th~ow ae ~heh~hmgh ea~ tbh iagltàm ae l mhz oxm`g`vli dxov@t blw dhw`jmhd l baxw`mj v~akhgt `m gaa~d`mltàm z`tb tbh Mltàmli @mwt`txth ae X~nlm lmd ^x~li Baxw`mj- @t liwa blw dhuhiavhd tbh oxm`g`vli`tp*w vilm ea~ mltx~li d`wlwth~ v~huhmtàm lmd o`t`jltàmGaavh~ltàm nhtzhhm G@JOLT G@JOLT lmd AVT oldh vaww`nih tbh dhuhiavohmt ae lm x~nlm olwth~ vilm ea~ OltljlivlG@JOLT v~au`dhd nlw`g jhaj~lvb`gli `mea~oltàm tajhtbh~ z`tb l wtxdp ae tbh jhaiaj`gli lmd vbpw`gli ehltx~hw ae tbh ~hjàm- AVT xwhd tb`w `mea~oltàm ta d~lz xv l exii d`ljmaw`w ae tbh l~hl- Tbh d`ljmaw`w xwhd l vl~t`g`vltùh ohtbad `muaiu`mj wag`li ihldh~w lmd tbh ol`m wag`li a~jlm`{ltàmw `m hlgb ae tbh x~nlm mh`jbnax~baadw gaoo`tthd ta tbh extx~h j~aztb ae tbh g`tpEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t XMAWL XMAWLT T zhnw`th lt; xmawlt-zhn-gh~m-gb!xmawlt!lgb`huhohmtw!oltljlivl!v~akhgt-bto

Oadhi nxìd`mj np/ilzw lmd {am`mj ~hjxiltàmw) @md`l

@md`l*w nxìt hmu`~amohmt wxeeh~w e~ao l uh~p b`jb ihuhi ae uximh~lnì`tp zb`gb blw ihd ta ~hgx~~hmt hl~tb|xlch dloljh ta nxìd`mjw- ^hgajm`{`mj tb`w uximh~lnì`tp tbh Jauh~mohmt ae @md`l gamwt`txthd lm hrvh~t gaoo`tthh ta iaac `mta tbh hr`wt`mj vilmm`mj lgt {am`mj ~hjxiltàmw dhuhiavohmt gamt~ai ~xihw lmd nxìd`mj np/ilzw- Tbh Gaoo`tthh d~lethd tza oadhi ilzw / tbh Oadhi Tazm lmd Gaxmt~p Vilmm`mj Lgt lmd tbh Oadhi ^hjàmli lmd Tazm Vilmm`mj lmd Dhuhiavohmt Lgt- @t liwa wxjjhwthd lohmdohmtw ta tbh gaxmt~p*w jx`dhi`mhw ea~ ea~oxilt`mj lmd òvihohmt`mj x~nlm dhuhiavohmt vilmwTbhwh oadhi ilzw lmd ~hjxiltàmw bluh nhhm g`~gxilthd ta wtlthw lmd oxm`g`vli`t`hw tb~axjbaxt tbh gaxmt~p h`tbh~ ea~ axt~`jbt ldavtàm a~ lw tbh nlw`w ea~ olc`mj wx`tlnih lohmdohmtw ta hr`wt`mj ihjli `mwt~xohmtw- Tbh wtlthw lmd oxm`g`vli`t`hw l~h `m tbh v~aghww ae ldavt`mj tbhwh gblmjhw `m tbh ihjli wpwtho- Ohlmzbìh @md`l blw wtl~thd l olwwùh v~aj~looh ea~ t~l`m`mj lmd glvlg`tp/nxìd`mj `m a~dh~ ta xvj~ldh tbh cmazihdjh lmd wcìi ae l~gb`thgtw hmj`mhh~w lmd olwamw- Tbh v~aj~looh wbaxid ihluh tbhwh v~aehwwàmliw `m l vaw`tàm ta òvihohmt tbh oadè`hd v~au`wàmw ea~ mhz gamwt~xgtàmw lmd ta wt~hmjtbhm hr`wt`mj gamwt~xgtàmwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; Oadhi Lohmdohmt `m Tazm lmd Gaxmt~p Vilmm`mj Ihj`wiltàmw ^hjxiltàm ea~ Ilmd Xwh [am`mj lmd Nxìd`mj Nphilzw ea~ Wt~xgtx~li Wlehtp O`m`wt~p ae Baoh Leel`~w Jauh~mohmt ae @md`l Mhz Dhib` >664- zzz zzz-mdo`md`l-m`g-`m!H\V~akhgtw!UAIXOH(>6@@(>6^heh~hmgh(>6Dagxohmtw-vde -mdo`md`l-m`g-`m!H\V~akhgtw!UAIXOH(>6@@(>6^heh~hmgh(>6Dagxohmtw-vde

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vilmm`mj; Hwtlni`wb ohlwx~hw ta `mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m x~nlm lmd ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj BVbpw`gli EL

4-7

Nxìd`mj tbh thgbm`gli wcìiw ae vilmmh~w) Oht~a Olmìl) Vbì`vv`mhw

Tbh gamghvt ae xw`mj ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj lw lm heehgtùh ohlmw ta o`t`jlth tbh vathmt`li heehgt ae d`wlwth~w blw nhhm ~hgajm`{hd np iagli ilmd/xwh vilmmh~w `m tbh Vbì`vv`mhw- Bazhuh~ `mthj~ltàm ae ~`wc vl~lohth~w `m tbh iagli vilmm`mj v~aghww lmd v~lgt`ghw `w v~huhmthd np `mwxee`g`hmt xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc lwwhwwohmt lw l nlw`w ae l ~`wc/whmw`tùh ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj dhg`wàmw Lw lm ltthovt ta eìi tb`w jlv tbh Hl~tb|xlchw lmd Ohjlg`t`hw @m`t`ltùh "HO@) `m gaavh~ltàm z`tb `mth~mltàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw wxgb lw XMDV tbh V~aUhmtàm Gamwa~t`xo tbh Vlgè`g D`wlwth~ Ghmth~ lmd Canh Xmùh~w`tp lw zhii lw `tw iagli vl~tmh~ `mwt`txtàmw tbh Vbì`vv`mh @mwt`txth ae Uaiglmaiajp lmd Wh`woaiajp lmd tbh Oht~a Olmìl Dhuhiavohmt lxtba~`tp blw ~hghmtip dhuhiavhd lm h/ihl~m`mj gax~wh am .^`wc/Whmw`tùh Ilmd/xwh Vilmm`mj.Tbh gax~wh `mthj~lthw ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj lmd d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm zb`gb `t ~heh~w ta lw tbh .OHJL/Vilm. lmd tbh gaovlmàm cmazihdjh nlwh ae waxmd v~lgt`ghw .OHJL/Cmaz.- Gax~wh gamthmt zlw dhuhiavhd np hrvh~tw `m tbh e`hid lmd uli`dlthd tb~axjb d`~hgt `muaiuhohmt np Olmìl/nlwhd v~lgt`tàmh~w- Tbh gax~wh*w jali `w ta v~au`dh v~lgt`tàmh~w z`tb thgbm`gli wcìiw wa tblt tbhp glm lvvip tbh ~hgaoohmdhd thgbm`|xhw z`tb game`dhmgh `m tbh`~ dlìp za~c- Tbh v~akhgt `w liwa whhc`mj ta ìixwt~lth `tw tbha~`hw tb~axjb lm lgtxli v~akhgt damh `m vl~tmh~wb`v z`tb Olclt` G`tp l iagli jauh~mohmt xm`t z`tb`m Oht~a Olmìl- OHJL/Vilm `w amh ae tbh h/ihl~m`mj taaiw dhuhiavhd np tbh gamwa~t`xo lw vl~t ae HO@*w .7gd V~aj~lo. zb`gb `w lòhd lt ol`mwt~hlo`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m ohjl/g`t`hw lmd atbh~ olka~ oht~avai`whw `m dhuhiav`mj gaxmt~`hw- Tbh 7gd V~aj~lo v~aoathw tbh xwh ae l d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm olwth~ vilm lw l oadhi ea~ l g`tp/z`dh vilmm`mj v~aghww am d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm wt~lthjp lmd lgtù`t`hwEa~ oa~h `mea~oltàm whh; zzz-ho`/ohjlg`t`hw-a~j

H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj Nil`c`h V- ht li- <004- Lt ^`wc; Mltx~li Bl{l~dw Vhavih*w Uximh~lnì`tp lmd D`wlwth~w- Iamdam; âxtihdjhNaitam V-L- V-L- ht li- <025- Ilmd Xwh Vilmm`mj ea~ Hl~tb|xlch Bl{l~d O`t`jltàm; L Blmdnaac ea~ Vilmmh~wGaia~lda; Mltx~li Bl{l~dw ^hwhl~gb lmd Lvvi`gltàmw @mea~oltàm Ghmth~-

4

Nx~np ^-K- hd- <002- Gaavh~lt`mj Z`tb Mltx~h; Game~amt`mj Mltx~li Bl{l~dw z`tb Ilmd/Xwh Vilmm`mj ea~ Wxwtl`mlnih Gaooxm`t`hw- Zlwb`mjtam DG; Kawhvb Bhm~p V~hwwHO@- >66:- X~nlm lmd Ohjlg`t`hw D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm; Zblt `w lt Wtlch lmd Zblt Glm Zh Da1 Olmìl Vbì`vv`mhw; HO@ Whg~htl~`ltzzz-hl~tb|xlchwlmdohjlg`t`hw-a~j EHOL- <008- Wh`wo`g Gamw`dh~ltàmw ea~ Gaooxm`t`hw lt ^`wc- Zlwb`mjtam DG; Xm`thd Wtlthw Ehdh~li Hoh~jhmgp Olmljhohmt Ljhmgp "EHOL)E~lovtam W- ht li- <005- Mltx~li Bl{l~dw; Glxwhw Gamwh|xhmghw lmd Olmljhohmt- Iamdam; Baddh~ lmd Wtaxjbtam@mwt`txtàm ae Gùì Hmj`mhh~w- <008- Ohjlg`t`hw; ^hdxg`mj Uximh~lnì`tp ta Mltx~li D`wlwth~w- Iamdam; Tbaolw Thiea~dChp D- hd- <008- Wt~xgtx~hw ta Z`tbwtlmd D`wlwth~w- Iamdam; Tbaolw Thiea~dC~hòh~ L- L~maid O- lmd Gl~i`m L- hdw- >667- Nxìd`mj Wleh~ G`t`hw; Tbh Extx~h ae D`wlwth~ ^`wc- Zlwb`mjtam DG; Za~id Nlmc- zzz-v~auhmtàmgamwa~t`xo-a~j!tbhohw!dhelxit!vdew!Wleh~QG`t`hw-vde O`tgbhii K-C-<000- G~xg`nihw ae Bl{l~dw; Ohjl/g`t`hw lmd D`wlwth~w `m T~lmw`tàm- Mhz Pa~c; Xm`thd Mltàmw Xmùh~w`tp V~hww-


00


BEL

4-7 Vbpw`gli vilmm`mj; Hwtlni`wb ohlwx~hw ta `mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m x~nlm lmd ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj

^hphw O- >668- ^`wc/Whmw`tùh Ilmd/xwh Vilmm`mj; Tazl~dw ^hdxghd Wh`wo`g D`wlwth~ Uximh~lnì`tp- Jh~olmp; Clwwhi Xmùh~w`tp V~hwwUl~ihp L- hd- <004- D`wlwth~w Dhuhiavohmt lmd Hmu`~amohmt- Gb`gbhwth~ Xm`thd C`mjdao; Kabm Zìhp lmd Wamw ItdZhnw`thw

@GIH@; Iagli Jauh~mohmt ea~ Wxwtl`mlnì`tp / zzz-@GIH@-a~j @GIH@ v~au`dhw xwhexi ~hwax~ghw tb~axjb `tw ^hwì`hmt Gaooxm`t`hw % G`t`hw `m`t`ltùh `mgixd`mj `tw ~hva~t am `tw lwwhwwohmt ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt taaiw lmd `mwt~xohmtw ea~ iagli jauh~mohmtw tb~axjb l za~cwbav z`tb thgbm`gli lmd iagli jauh~mohmt hrvh~twOHJL/Cmaz lmd OHJL/Vilm / zzz-hl~tb|xlchwlmdohjlg`t`hw-a~j!ohjlcmaz Tbhwh l~h h/ihl~m`mj taaiw dhuhiavhd lw l ka`mt v~akhgt ae HO@ XMDV tbh V~aUhmtàm Gamwa~t`xo lmd tbh Vlgè`g D`wlwth~ Ghmth~- Tbhp l~h dhw`jmhd wvhgè`gliip ta hmblmgh tbh wcìiw ae v~aehwwàmliw lmd v~lgt`tàmh~w `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- OHJL/Vilm*w wxnkhgt `w ~`wc/whmw`tùh ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj zbh~hlw OHJL/Cmaz `w l d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt cmazihdjh nlwh gamtl`m`mj ohjl/g`tp v~aeìhw lmd DÔ waxmd v~lgt`ghw lw zhii lw dazmialdlnih ~hwax~ghw lmd gamtlgt `mea~oltàm vh~tl`m`mj ta tbh òvihohmtltàm ae HO@*w 7gd V~aj~loOHJL/Ihl~m / zzz-hl~tb|xlchwlmdohjlg`t`hw-a~j!ohjlihl~m OHJL/Ihl~m `w tbh ami`mh viltea~o ae tbh HO@ ea~ t~l`m`mj glvlg`tp/nxìd`mj lmd cmazihdjh wbl~`mj- @t gamw`wtw ae taaiw thgbmaiaj`hw ohtbadaiaj`hw lmd ami`mh t~l`m`mj gax~whw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt v~lgt`tàmh~w g`tp olmljh~w ~hwhl~gbh~w lmd atbh~ v~aehwwàmliw^LD@XW; ^`wc Lwwhwwohmt Taaiw ea~ D`ljmaw`w ae X~nlm L~hlw ljl`mwt Wh`wo`g D`wlwth~w / zzz-jhabl{-a~j!gamthmtw!v~akhgtw!~ld`xw-btoi Tbh ^LD@XW v~akhgt zlw ilxmgbhd np tbh @mth~mltàmli Dhgldh ea~ Mltx~li D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm `m <005 ta v~aoath za~idz`dh lgtù`t`hw ea~ ~hdxgtàm ae wh`wo`g d`wlwth~w `m x~nlm l~hlw vl~t`gxil~ip `m dhuhiav`mj gaxmt~`hw- Tbh v~akhgt dhuhiavhd l waetzl~h v~aj~lo tblt aeeh~w v~lgt`gli taaiw ea~ hl~tb|xlch dloljh hwtòltàm- zzz-jhabl{-a~j!gamthmtw!v~akhgtw!~ld`xw-btoi

<66



4-4

BEL

Wt~xgtx~hw; Wt~hmjtbhm ohgblm`wow ea~ òv~auhd nxìd`mj wlehtp lmd v~athgtàm ae g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw


Th~o`maiajp Nxìd`mj gadhw; A~d`mlmghw lmd

Zblt*w tbh vx~vawh1

Tb`w tlwc lòw ta wt~hmjtbhm ohgblm`wow ea~ whgx~`mj tbh wlehtp ae baxw`mj lmd atbh~ nxìd`mjw lmd ea~ v~athgt`mj g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw lmd `me~lwt~xgtx~h3 tbxw ~hdxg`mj iaww ae ièh lmd iùhi`baadw lw zhii lw tbh gawtw ae ~hgauh~pZbp `t*w òva~tlmt

Hmwx~`mj tblt mhz gamwt~xgtàm `w wleh zb`gb glm nh damh np ldavt`mj lmd hmea~g`mj nxìd`mj gadhw lmd gaovhthmt gamwt~xgtàm wtlmdl~dw zìi ~hdxgh vathmt`li iawwhw e~ao extx~h bl{l~d huhmtw- Nxìd`mjw lmd `me~lwt~xgtx~h glm nh dhw`jmhd ta nh ~hw`wtlmt ta bl{l~daxw huhmtw wxgb lw hl~tb|xlchw lmd hrt~hoh z`mdw; cmazihdjh am baz ta nxìd wleh lmd gaiilvwh/e~hh nxìd`mjw lmd `me~lwt~xgtx~h blw hr`wthd ea~ phl~wV~athgt`mj g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw lmd `me~lwt~xgtx~h liwa ~hdxghw tbh òvlgt ae d`wlwth~w w`jmè`glmtip olc`mj tbho oa~h olmljhlnih lmd ihww gawtip ta tbh wtlth- @m l d`wlwth~ gaxmt~`hw glmmat leea~d ta iawh bawv`tliw hoh~jhmgp ghmt~hw wgbaaiw gaooxm`gltàmw wpwthow lmd t~lmwva~tltàm ~axthw wbhith~ elgì`t`hw lmd jauh~mohmt wh~u`ghw nxìd`mjw- Tbh wag`li òvlgt ae l d`wlwth~ glm nh ~hdxghd np hmwx~`mj v~aovt ~hwxovtàm ae hwwhmt`li wh~u`ghw wxgb lw vazh~ wlm`tltàm zlth~ lmd lgghww ta nlw`g jauh~mohmt exmgtàmwBaz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw

Tb`w tlwc d~lzw am ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw vh~ea~ohd ea~ Tlwc >-<- T~l`m`mj dhuhiavhd ea~ tb`w tlwc wbaxid nh gaa~d`mlthd z`tb il~jh~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm t~l`m`mj `m`t`ltùhw "Tlwc 7-7)- Tb`w tlwc `w giawhip ~hilthd ta tblt ae `mga~va~lt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta x~nlm lmd ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj "Tlwc 4-7) lmd tblt ae dhuhiav`mj e`mlmg`li lmd hgamao`g `mwt~xohmtw "Tlwc 4-5)- @t `w liwa i`mchd ta mltx~li ~hwax~gh xwh lmd hmu`~amohmtli olmljhohmt "Tlwc "Tlwc 4->) lmd vilmm`mj ea~ ~hgauh~p "T "Tlwc lwc 4-:)-


~hjxiltàmw gamt~aii`mj tbh dhw`jm gamwt~xgtàm olth~`liw lith~ltàm lmd aggxvlmgp ae lmp wt~xgtx~h ta hmwx~h bxolm wlehtp lmd zhiel~h- Nxìd`mj gadhw `mgixdh natb thgbm`gli lmd exmgtàmli wtlmdl~dw- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp) G~`t`gli elgì`t`hw!hoh~jhmgp wh~u`ghw; Tbawh elgì`t`hw "wxgb

lw bawv`tliw vazh~ wtltàmw ièhi`mhw) lmd wh~u`ghw "wxgb lw Vai`gh E`~h Wh~u`gh Lonxilmgh ^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt lmd uaixmtl~p ljhmg`hw) tblt bluh wvhgè`g ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw lmd ankhgtùhw `m wh~u`mj lmd v~athgt`mj vhavih lmd v~avh~tp `m d`wlwth~ w`txltàmw^ht~ae`tt`mj; ^h`mea~ghohmt ae

wt~xgtx~hw ta nhgaoh oa~h ~hw`wtlmt lmd ~hwì`hmt ta tbh ea~ghw ae mltx~li bl{l~dw^ht~ae`tt`mj `muaiuhw gamw`dh~ltàm ae gblmjhw `m tbh olww wtèemhww dlov`mj iald vltb lmd dxgtì`tp ae olth~`liw lw zhii lw ~ld`gli gblmjhw wxgb lw tbh `mt~adxgtàm ae hmh~jp/lnwa~n`mj dlovh~w lmd nlwh `wailtàm wpwthow- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp)

<6<

4


BEL

4-4 Wt~xgtx~hw; Wt~hmjtbhm ohgblm`wow ea~ òv~auhd nxìd`mj wlehtp lmd v~athgtàm ae g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw


Wthvw ta eaiiaz am nxìd`mj wlehtp; <-

^hu`hz nxìd`mj gadh ~hjxiltàmw lmd v~aghdx~hw ta hulixlth tbh hrthmt ta zb`gb tbhp lvv~av~`lthip lvv~av~`lthip ldd~hww cmazm ~`wcw lmd ta zb`gb tbh`~ òvihohmtltàm `w v~lgt`gli-

>-

Hulixlth tbh glvlnì`tp ae ljhmg`hw lt lii ihuhiw ae jauh~mohmt ta xmdh~wtlmd òvihohmt lmd hmea~gh nxìd`mj gadh ~hjxiltàmw-

7-

Dhuhiav l t~l`m`mj ljhmdl am v~aghdx~hw lmd thgbm`|xhw ea~ `mga~va~lt`mj bl{l~d lmd uximh~lnì`tp gamw`dh~ltàmw `mta gamwt~xgtàm lmd ~hilthd vilmm`mj v~aghwwhw- T~l`m`mjw wbaxid ~hlgb vilmmh~w ~hjxilta~w lmd v~aehwwàmliw e~ao ljhmg`hw lw zhii lw v~lgt`tàmh~w `m gbl~jh ae iagli òvihohmtltàm lmd hmea~ghohmt-

4-

@mwt`txth l gamwxitltàm v~aghww z`tb gamwt~xgtàm `mdxwt~`hw `mgixd`mj v~aehwwàmli wag`ht`hw ta dhuhiav l wbl~hd ljhmdl ta òv~auh gamwt~xgtàm gadhw hwtlni`wb o`mòxo v~aehwwàmli wtlmdl~dw ae v~lgt`gh lmd ohht `mdxwt~p t~l`m`mj mhhdw-

8-

Eawth~ t~l`m`mj v~aj~loohw ea~ bl{l~d/~hw`wtlmt gamwt~xgtàm loamj v~aehwwàmli wag`ht`hw t~ldh lwwag`ltàmw baxw`mj gaavh~ltùhw lmd gaooxm`tp dhuhiavohmt a~jlm`{ltàmw-

5-

Dhuhiav l v~aj~looh ta ~hiaglth gamwt~xgtàm `m xmwleh l~hlw ~hmaulth xmwleh nxìd`mjw lmd d`wgax~ljh ìi`g`t!`mea~oli gamwt~xgtàm- Gamw`dh~ wt~lthj`g xwh ae x~nlm ~hmaultàm lmd hgamao`g ~hdhuhiavohmt v~akhgtw `m tbh v~aj~looh-

:-

Dhw`jm `mghmtùh vlgcljhw ea~ waxmd v~lgt`ghw- Tbhwh glm `mgixdh i`ghmw`mj lmd ~hzl~d ohgblm`wow ea~ v~aehwwàmliw wxgb lw l~gb`thgtw hmj`mhh~w lmd gamt~lgta~w ta òv~auh wtlmdl~dw ea~ gamwt~xgtàm-

2-

Dhuhiav l wt~lthjp ta v~au`dh ihjli i`lnì`tp ea~ mhji`jhmt v~lgt`gh lmd avtàmw ea~ ihjli ~hgax~wh ta ~hgauh~ dloljhw-

0-

Xmdh~tlch lm hdxgltàm glovl`jm ea~ vathmt`li baoh nxph~w lmd ea~ tbh `mea~oli gamwt~xgtàm whgta~ ta `mg~hlwh lzl~hmhww lnaxt o`mòxo wlehtp v~au`wàmw-

Wthvw ta eaiiaz ta v~athgt g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw;

<-

Dhuhiav lm `muhmta~p ae g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw- @dhmtèp tbh`~ òva~tlmgh ta tbh wx~uùli lmd ~hgauh~p ae tbh mltàm `m glwh ae i`chip bl{l~d huhmtw-

>-

Lmlipwh tbh ~`wcw ta tbhwh g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw xw`mj tbh ~hwxitw ~hwxitw ae ~`wc ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw "Tlwc "Tlwc >-<) lmd è mhghwwl~p ldd`tàmli wx~uhpw lmd wtxd`hw- @dhmtèp b`jbip uximh~lnih iagltàmw ea~ v~à~`tp lgtàm-

7-

Xmdh~tlch l wtxdp ta xmdh~wtlmd avtàmw ea~ lmd tbh gawtw ae ~hdxg`mj chp elgì`t`hw* uximh~lnì`tp-

4-

Dhuhiav v~à~`t`hw ea~ òohd`lth `muhwtohmt `m òv~auhd ~hwì`hmgh `mgixd`mj ~ht~ae`t ~ht~ae`t ~hvilghohmt lmd ~hdxmdlmgp!nlgcxv glvlnì`t`hw-

8-

Dhuhiav whgta~/wvhgè`g g~`t`gli elgì`tp vilmw lmd v~aj~loohw ea~ hmwx~`mj ièh wlehtp lmd gamt`mx`tp ae wh~u`ghw `m glwh ae l bl{l~d huhmt- Tbhwh vilmw lmd v~aj~loohw wbaxid ldd~hww bawv`tliw lmd bhlitb gl~h elgì`t`hw gaooxm`gltàmw mhtza~cw zlth~ lmd wlm`tltàm wpwthow hmh~jp t~lmwva~tltàm htg-

5-

Vl~tmh~ z`tb xtì`tp gaovlm Vl~tmh~ gaovlm`hw `hw lmd `mdxwt `mdxwt~p ~p azmh~w azmh~w ta dhuhiav dhuhiav l v~aj~loo v~aj~loohh ta ~hdxgh ~hdxgh uximh~ln` uximh~lnì`tp i`tp `m tbawh whgta~w-

:-

Xwh tbh ~hwxitw e~ao lgtù`t`hw lnauh ta dhuhiav l iamj/th~o wt~lthjp lmd v~aj~looh ta lggaovi`wb g~`t`gli elgì`tp wt~hmjtbhm`mj-

<6>



Wt~xgtx~hw; Wt~hmjtbhm ohgblm`wow ea~ òv~auhd nxìd`mj wlehtp lmd v~athgtàm ae g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw BEL

4-4


@m ldd`tàm ta ~hv~hwhmtltùhw e~ao `mdxwt~p lmd jauh~mohmt lw dhwg~`nhd lnauh gamw`dh~ `muaiu`mj hmj`mhh~`mj hrvh~tw e~ao lgldho`l lw zhii lw gaooxm`tp dhuhiavohmt lmd zaohm*w a~jlm`{ltàmw-

D- @iixwt~ltàmw V~aj~looh ea~ g~`t`gli elgì`tp v~athgtàm) Tx~chp

Am <2 Agtanh~ >668 tbh Za~id Nlmc lmd tbh Tx~c`wb Jauh~mohmt w`jmhd l ialm lj~hhohmt ea~ ₩7<6 oìiàm ea~ tbh @wtlmnxi Wh`wo`g ^`wc O`t`jltàm lmd Hoh~jhmgp V~hvl~hdmhww V~akhgt- Tbh @wtlmnxi Wvhg`li V~au`mg`li Ldo`m`wt~ltàm zìi nh tbh ~hwvamw`nih ljhmgp `m Tx~chp- Tbh v~akhgt*w ol`m ankhgtùh `w ta t~lmwea~o @wtlmnxi `m tbh mhrt <6/>6 phl~w `mta l oa~h ~hwì`hmt g`tp zb`gb zìi wluh iùhw lmd ~hdxgh tbh wag`li hgamao`g lmd e`mlmg`li òvlgtw ae l olka~ hl~tb|xlch `m tbh ~hjàmTbh v~akhgt zìi òv~auh @wtlmnxi*w v~hvl~hdmhww ea~ l vathmt`li hl~tb|xlch `m whuh~li zlpw- @t zìi hmblmgh tbh `mwt`txtàmli lmd thgbm`gli glvlg`tp ea~ d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt lmd hoh~jhmgp ~hwvamwh- @t zìi wt~hmjtbhm g~`t`gli vxni`g elgì`t`hw ea~ hl~tb|xlch ~hw`wtlmgh ~ht~ae`tt`mj bawv`tliw wgbaaiw lmd atbh~ v~à~`tp vxni`g elgì`t`hw- @t zìi wxvva~t ohlwx~hw ea~ nhtth~ hmea~ghohmt ae nxìd`mj gadhw lmd gaovi`lmgh z`tb ilmd/xwh vilmw- E`mliip `t zìi nxìd tbh `mwt`txtàmli glvlg`tp ta wxwtl`m òvihohmtltàm ae ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd v~hvl~hdmhww nhpamd tbh ièh ae tbh v~akhgtEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; zzz zzz-``lwl-lg-lt!^hwhl~gb!^L -``lwl-lg-lt!^hwhl~gb!^LU!game!@D^Ò65!v~hw!hij`m-vde U!game!@D^Ò65!v~hw!hij`m-vde zzz-za~idnlmc-a~j-t~!hrth~mli!v~akhgtw!ol`m1vljhVC?54>275>:%v`VC?:7>76%tbhW`thVC?75<:<>%ohmxVC?7 5<:44%V~akhgt`d?V6:2780

Olmdlta~p òvihohmtltàm ae l mltàmli nxìd`mj gadh) Mhvli

@m Mhvli tbh Nx~hlx ae Wtlmdl~dw lmd Ohtha~aiajp blw `m`t`lthd l v~aghww ea~ dhe`m`mj tbh d~let mltàmli nxìd`mj gadh lw l wtlmdl~d ea~ lii Mhvli- Li~hldp `m >667 tbh Gaxmgì ae O`m`wth~w dhg~hhd tblt tbh gadh*w wt`vxiltàmw wbaxid nh ani`jlta~p ea~ lii jauh~mohmt/nxìd`mj gamwt~xgtàm- @t liwa x~jhd tbh oxm`g`vli lxtba~`t`hw ta wt~hmjtbhm tbh gx~~hmt nxìd`mj vh~o`t v~aghww wa tblt gadh gaovi`lmgh zìi nh olmdlta~p ea~ lii mhz gamwt~xgtàmw `m x~nlm l~hlw- Cltbolmdx Oht~avai`tlm G`tp wtl~thd òvihohmt`mj `tw nxìd`mj gadh am >< Lxjxwt >668 ea~ mhz gamwt~xgtàm- Lw ae Whvthonh~ >668 vhavih zba z`wb ta gamwt~xgt nxìd`mjw z`tb`m tbh g`tp bluh ta gaovip z`tb natb nxìd`mj np/ilzw lmd nxìd`mj gadhw nhea~h tbhp glm jht tbh`~ nixhv~`mtw hmda~whdEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t tbh Hl~tb|xlchw lmd Ohjl/g`t`hw @m`t`ltùh Waxmd V~lgt`ghw lt; ho`-vdg-a~j!waxmdv~lgt`ghw!Cltbolmdx!WV7/COG/Nxìd`mj/Gadh/@ovihohmtltàm-vde

Mhhd ea~ nxìd`mj wtlmdl~dw) Lijh~`l

V~à~ ta <006 tbh v~avh~tp dhuhiavohmt ol~cht `m Lijh~`l zlw `m il~jh vl~t wtlth/azmhd- Lw vxni`g nxìd`mjw zh~h wxnkhgt ta nxìd`mj gamt~ai ilzw tblt wht wtlmdl~dw ea~ wleh gamwt~xgtàm oawt ae tbh gamwt~xgtàm zlw ~hjxilthd ea~ wlehtp- Bazhuh~ leth~ <006 Lijh~`l i`nh~li`{hd `tw ~hli hwtlth lmd dhuhiavohmt ol~cht- Ilmd zlw jùhm ta iagli oxm`g`vli`t`hw lmd tbhm waid am tbh v~ùlth ol~cht- Tbh gaxmt~p hrvh~`hmghd l b`jb dholmd ea~ baxw`mj lmd l naao `m gamwt~xgtàm- Zbìh tbh ilzw d`d mat gblmjh oawt ae tbh mhz v~ùlth gamwt~xgtàm zlw mat wxnkhgt ta tbho lmd zlw |x`gcip dhuhiavhd z`tbaxt lmp gamt~aiw a~ wtlmdl~dw- Zbhm tbh Naxoh~dhw hl~tb|xlch b`t `m Olp >667 `t dhoamwt~lthd tbh zhlcmhww ae tbh vawt/<006 gamwt~xgtàm lw l il~jh olka~`tp ae Za~dw @mta Lgtàm; L Jx`dh ea~ @ovihohmt`mj @ovihohmt`mj tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c E~lohza~c

<67

4


BEL

4-4 Wt~xgtx~hw; Wt~hmjtbhm ohgblm`wow ea~ òv~auhd nxìd`mj wlehtp lmd v~athgtàm ae g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw

tbh iawwhw natb olth~`li lmd bxolm taac vilgh `m tbawh nxìd`mjw- Tbh ihwwam ihl~mhd `w tblt nxìd`mj gadh hmea~ghohmt blw ta ldd~hww natb vxni`gip azmhd lmd v~ùlthip azmhd v~avh~tp hmwx~`mj l o`mòxo wlehtp wtlmdl~d `m lii nxìd`mjwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; XM!@WD^; Iù`mj z`tb ^`wc vv- 27/8 77:

H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj Nlgbolmm B- >66>- Wh`wo`g Gamghvtxli Dhw`jm ae Nxìd`mjw / Nlw`g v~`mg`vihw ea~ hmj`mhh~w l~gb`thgtw nxìd`mj azmh~w lmd lxtba~`t`hw- Hd`thd np tbh Wz`ww Ehdh~li Aee`gh ea~ Zlth~ lmd Jhaiajp lmd tbh Wz`ww Ljhmgp ea~ Dhuhiavohmt lmd Gaavh~ltàm- Nh~m Wz`t{h~ilmd; NNI Uh~t~`hn Vxni`cltàmhm@mwt`txtàm ae Gùì Hmj`mhh~w- <008- Ohjlg`t`hw; ^hdxg`mj uximh~lnì`tp ta mltx~li d`wlwth~w- Iamdam; Tbaolw Thiea~d-Chp D- hd- <008- Wt~xgtx~hw ta z`tbwtlmd d`wlwth~w- @mwt`txtàm ae Gùì Hmj`mhh~w- N~`wtai Xmùh~w`tp Iamdam; Tbaolw Thiea~dVLBA!ZBA- >668- Wleh Bawv`tliw; L Gaiihgtùh ^hwvamw`nì`tp L Jianli Ohlwx~h ae D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm- VLBA! VLBA! ZBA- zzz-vlba-a~j!hmji`wb!dd!vhd!WlehBawv`tliwNaaciht-vde Tbh naaciht ìixwt~lthw `wwxhw ~hilthd ta wleh~ bhlitb elgì`t`hw lmd d`wlwth~-

<64



4-8

BEL

Wtòxilth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw `m v~adxgtàm lmd wh~u`gh whgta~w


Th~o`maiajp Dhuhiavohmt vilmm`mj v~aghwwhw; V~algtùh

Tb`w tlwc lòw ta wtòxilth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw `m wvhgè`g whgta~w tb~axjb tbh dhuhiavohmt ae whgta~li za~c j~axvw tblt eagxw am ~hdxg`mj uximh~lnì`t`hw lmd òv~au`mj ~hwì`hmgh-

lgtàmw tblt liiazw ta mltàmli whgta~li ~hjàmli a~ iagli jauh~mohmt lmd `tw vl~tmh~w ta wxvva~t lmd hmjljh tbh `mthiihgtxli vbpw`gli lmd hgamao`g ~hwax~ghw ta gbl~t l gax~wh tazl~d l dhw`~hd extx~h ae dhuhiavohmt ~hilthd am hlgb ihuhi- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp)

Zbp `t*w òva~tlmt

D`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vilmw; Dagxohmtw tblt

Tbh v~adxgtàm ae jaadw lmd wh~u`ghw gamwt`txthw l ga~h bxolm lgtù`tp ea~ ohht`mj bxolm mhhdw lmd òv~au`mj zhii/nh`mj- Chp v~adxgtàm lmd wh~u`gh whgta~w `mgixdh lj~`gxitx~h e`wbh~`hw o`m`mj ea~hwt~p tax~`wo t~lmwva~tltàm zlth~ wxvvip hmh~jp eaad v~aghww`mj gamwt~xgtàm olmxelgtx~`mj gaooh~gh e`mlmgh bhlitb lmd wlm`tltàm- Hlgb v~adxgtàm wpwtho hmtlìw tbh iagltàm ae wvhgè`g lgtù`t`hw tbh xwh ae ~hwax~ghw lmd thgbmaiaj`hw lmd tbh oadè`gltàm ae leehgthd hgawpwthow- Hlgb v~adxgtàm wpwtho zìi nh wxnkhgt ta wvhgè`g mltx~li bl{l~dw tblt olp lduh~whip leehgt `tw lgtù`t`hw lmd bhmgh `tw ulixh ta wag`htp zbìh lt tbh wloh tòh `t liwa olp bluh vathmt`li ta `mg~hlwh a~ dhg~hlwh tbh òvlgtw ae tbh bl{l~dw am ldklghmt hgawpwthow lmd whttihohmtw lmd bhmgh tbh gawtw ta wag`htpWhgta~w glm `mg~hlwh tbh`~ ~hwì`hmgh ta d`wlwth~ ~`wcw np za~c`mj z`tb tbh`~ wtlchbaidh~w vl~t`gxil~ip lt tbh vilmm`mj wtljh ta whihgt iagltàmw z`tb iazh~ hrvawx~h ta mltx~li bl{l~dw ta gbaawh lvv~av~`lth thgbmaiaj`hw lmd elgì`t`hw tblt glm z`tbwtlmd tbh mltx~li bl{l~dw lmd ta dhuhiav v~adxgtàm wpwthow tblt l~h hmu`~amohmtliip wxwtl`mlnih lmd ~hdxgh ~ltbh~ tblm `mg~hlwh ~`wcw ta atbh~wBaz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw

Ta nhwt ~hdxgh d`wlwth~ ~`wc whgta~li ~hv~hwhmtltùhw wbaxid vl~t`g`vlth `m mltàmli d`liajxhw "Tlwc <-<) lmd mltàmli viltea~ow "Tlwc <->)- Tbhp wbaxid bhiv ta hmblmgh vai`gp ihjli lmd `mwt`txtàmli e~lohza~cw ~hihulmt ta tbh whgta~ jùhm tbh`~ vathmt`li ~aih `m `meixhmg`mj gx~~hmt a~ extx~h uximh~lnì`tp "Tlwcw <-7 lmd <-4)- Tbhp glm liwa gamt~`nxth ta ~`wc lwwhwwohmt ta tbh d`wwho`mltàm ae g~`t`gli d`wlwth~ `mea~oltàm


wht axt vilmm`mj lxtba~`t`hw* vai`g`hw lmd v~avawliw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm zb`gb wbaxid nh gamw`dh~hd `m tbh ~hwvhgtùh dhuhiavohmt vilm lmd dhuhiavohmt lgtàmw- Dxh ta tbh dèeh~hmt jhaj~lvb`gli wglihw lvvi`glnih lt dèeh~hmt ihuhiw d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vilmw l~h wvhgè`g ta hlgb ihuhi ae jauh~mohmtO`t`jltàm; Wt~xgtx~li lmd mam/wt~xgtx~li

ohlwx~hw xmdh~tlchm ta iò`t tbh lduh~wh òvlgt ae mltx~li bl{l~dw hmu`~amohmtli dhj~ldltàm lmd thgbmaiaj`gli bl{l~dw- "Hrlovihw ae wt~xgtx~li ohlwx~hw l~h hmj`mhh~`mj za~cw lmd bl{l~d/~hw`wtlmt gamwt~xgtàm zbìh mam/wt~xgtx~li ohlwx~hw `mgixdh lzl~hmhww/~l`w`mj cmazihdjh dhuhiavohmt vai`g`hw am ilmd xwh lmd ~hwax~gh olmljhohmt lmd elgì`t`hw* avh~lt`mj v~lgt`ghw)"Wax~gh; Ldlvthd e~ao XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp) Th~o`maiajp) V~huhmtàm; Lgtù`t`hw ta v~au`dh axt~`jbt

lua`dlmgh ae tbh lduh~wh òvlgt ae bl{l~dw lmd ohlmw ta o`mò`{h ~hilthd hmu`~amohmtli thgbmaiaj`gli lmd nàiaj`gli d`wlwth~w- Dhvhmd`mj am wag`li lmd thgbm`gli ehlw`nì`tp lmd gawt/nhmhe`t gamw`dh~ltàmw `muhwt`mj `m v~huhmtùh ohlwx~hw `w kxwtè`hd `m l~hlw e~h|xhmtip leehgthd np d`wlwth~w- @m tbh gamthrt ae vxni`g lzl~hmhww lmd hdxgltàm ~hilthd ta d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm gblmj`mj ltt`txdhw lmd nhbluàx~ gamt~`nxth ta v~aoat`mj l .gxitx~h ae v~huhmtàm.- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp) Wghml~àw; Lm lggaxmt a~ wpmavw`w ae l vaww`nih

gax~wh ae huhmtw tblt gaxid aggx~ `mgixd`mj tbh dhuhiavohmt ae bpvatbht`gli òvlgt- Tbhwh wghml~àw ea~o tbh nlw`w ea~ vilmm`mj v~huhmtàm o`t`jltàm a~ v~hvl~hdmhww<68

4


4-8 Wtòxilth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw `m v~adxgtàm lmd wh~u`gh whgta~w

BEL

"Tlwcw >-> lmd >-4) lmd ta dhuhiav`mj heehgtùh lzl~hmhww hdxgltàm lmd t~l`m`mj v~aj~loohw "Gblvth~ 7)Dhvhmd`mj am tbh vl~t`gxil~ whgta~ tbh~h olp nh òva~tlmt i`mcljhw ta hmu`~amohmt lmd mltx~li ~hwax~ghw olmljhohmt "Tlwc 4-<) wag`li vai`gp "Tlwc 4->) ilmd/xwh vilmw "Tlwc 4-7) nxìd`mj wlehtp lmd v~athgtàm ae g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw "Tlwc 4-4) lmd e`mlmg`li lmd hgamao`g ohgblm`wow "Tlwc 4-5)- ^hgauh~p vilmw "Tlwc 4-:) lmd v~hvl~hdmhww vilmw "Tlwc 8->) ~h|x`~h tbh d`~hgt vl~t`g`vltàm ae whgta~w-


Ea~o`mj l whgta~li za~c j~axv "ea~ l vl~t`gxil~ whgta~); L whgta~li za~c j~axv glm nh g~hlthd am tbh nlw`w ae hr`wt`mj jauh~mohmtli a~ `mdxwt~p vilmm`mj ohgblm`wow ea~ tbh whgta~- @t wbaxid `mga~va~lth ~hihulmt wtlchbaidh~w `m ldd`tàm ta tbawh li~hldp ~hv~hwhmthd `m tbh whgta~*w vilmm`mj lmd e`mlmgh wpwthow lmd xwxliip zìi nh ihd a~ gaa~d`mlthd np tbh ~hihulmt ihld o`m`wt~p ea~ tbh whgta~Ohonh~w olp `mgixdh ~hihulmt v~ùlth lmd vxni`g a~jlm`{ltàmw lgt`mj lt dèeh~hmt th~~`ta~`li ihuhiw wvhg`li`{hd lgldho`g lmd ~hwhl~gb j~axvw MJAw lmd ~hv~hwhmtltùhw ae leehgthd gaooxm`t`hw Lgtù`t`hw xmdh~tlchm np whgta~li za~c j~axvw <-

V~aoath d`wgxwwàmw V~aoath d`wgxwwàmw `m tbh whgta~ whgta~ am am tbh lulìlnih lulìlnih ea~oli a~ `mea~oli `mea~oli whgta~li whgta~li vilmm` vilmm`mj mj lmd e`mlmgh e`mlmgh wpwthow lmd tbh gblmmhiw ea~ tbh`~ òvihohmtltàm- Gamw`dh~ lii ihuhiw / mltàmli ~hjàmli iagli lmd hmth~v~`wh/ihuhi-

>-

Hrvia~h baz hr`wt`mj Hrvia~h hr`wt`mj ohgblm` ohgblm`wow wow ea~ dhuhiav dhuhiavohmt ohmt vilmm`mj vilmm`mj lmd `muhwtohm `muhwtohmtt v~aj~loo`mj v~aj~loo`mj glm nh xwhd xwhd ta `mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- Gamw`dh~ wxgb elgta~w lw g~`th~`l ea~ ~hwax~gh liiagltàm whgta~li dhuhiavohmt vilmw nxdjhtw lmd thgbmaiaj`gli v~lgt`ghw-

7-

Gamw`dh~`mj tbh Gamw`dh~`mj tbh wvhgè`g wvhgè`g bl{l~dw bl{l~dw tblt tblt leehgt leehgt tbh whgta~ lmd v~hvl~h v~hvl~h wxool~` wxool~`hw hw lmd wghml~` wghml~àw aw ae gx~~hmt gx~~hmt uximh~lnì`tp lmd d`wlwth~ ~`wcw- Olch extx~h v~akhgtàmw ae whgta~li t~hmdw lmd extx~h ~`wcw-

4-

Gaa~d`mlth tbh dhuhiav Gaa~d`mlth dhuhiavohmt ohmt ae l whgta~li whgta~li vilm vilm ea~ d`wlwth~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~`wc ~hdxgtàm~hdxgtàm- @mgixdh @mgixdh d`wlwth~ d`wlwth~ v~aeìh v~aeìhw w vai`g`hw vai`g`hw lmd wt~lthj`hw3 mhhdhd glvlg`t`hw3 lmd ~hwax~ghw lmd v~aj~loohw- V~adxgh vilmm`mj ohtbadw ea~ d`wwho`mltàm lt dèeh~hmt ihuhiw-

8-

V~aoath tbh g~hltà V~aoath g~hltàmm ae whgta~li whgta~li j~axvw j~axvw lt lt hlgb jhaj~lv jhaj~lvb`gli b`gli ihuhi ihuhi tblt tblt glm xmdh~tl xmdh~tlch ch d`wlwth~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw-

5-

Vl~t`g`vlth `m tbh mltàmli Vl~t`g`vlth mltàmli viltea viltea~o ~o ea~ d`wlwth d`wlwth~~ ~hdxgtàm ~hdxgtàm lgt`mj lw lw l i`mc z`tb tbh whgta~ lmd gaooxm`gltàm ~hihulmt mltàmli `mea~oltàm ta tbh whgta~-

:-

V~aoath d`wlwth~ V~aoath d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgt` ~hdxgtàm am hdxgltàm hdxgltàm lmd vilmm`mj vilmm`mj `m `m tbh whgta~ whgta~ lt mltàmli mltàmli ~hjàmli ~hjàmli lmd lmd iagli ihuhiw ihuhiw olc`mj xwh ae tbh whgta~*w hr`wt`mj vilmm`mj lmd òvihohmtltàm ohgblm`wow-

2-

V~aoath V~aoa th d`wlwth~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgt ~hdxgtàm àm lzl~hmh lzl~hmhww ww `m whgta~ whgta~li li a~jlm`{l a~jlm`{ltàmw tàmw lmd wtlchbai wtlchbaidh~wdh~w-

0-

Gaa~d`mlth lgtù`t`h Gaa~d`mlth lgtù`t`hww ta òvihohmt òvihohmt d`wlwt d`wlwth~ h~ ~`wc ~hdxgt ~hdxgtàm àm ~hgaoohmd ~hgaoohmdltàmw ltàmw ea~ tbh ul~àx ul~àxww a~jlm`{ltà a~jlm`{ltàmw mw ~hv~hwhmthd `m tbh whgta~li za~c j~axv-

<6- Dagxoh Dagxohmt mt lmd wbl~h ihwwamw ihwwamw ihl~mhd lmd jaad jaad v~lgt`ghw v~lgt`ghw ~hilthd ta d`wlwth~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ~hdxgtàm `m tbh whgta~whgta~<<- Gaooxm Gaooxm`glth `glth whgta~li whgta~li v~aj~hww v~aj~hww lt mltàmli mltàmli lmd gaooxm`tp gaooxm`tp ihuhiw tazl~d tbh òvihohmt òvihohmtltàm ltàm ae tbh BELBEL<>- Am nhblie ae tbh whgta~ whgta~ v~au`dh v~au`dh ldu`gh ta ~hihulmt ~hihulmt ~hgauh~p ~hgauh~p vilmw bxolm`tl~ bxolm`tl~`lm `lm lww`wtlmgh lww`wtlmgh lmd dhuhiavohmt v~aj~loohw-

<65



BEL

Wtòxilth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw `m v~adxgtàm lmd wh~u`gh whgta~w 4-8

\xhwtàmw ta lwc

Ta gamwai`dlth vh~olmhmt whgta~li `muaiuhohmt lwc; •

Dahw tbh whgta~ bluh jaad `mea~oltàm am hlgb ae tbh mltx~li bl{l~dw tblt gaxid leehgt whgta~li lgtù`t`hw1

•

Dahw tbh whgta~ cmaz tbh uximh~lnì`t`hw lmd ~`wc ae tbh`~ lgtù`t`hw lmd h|x`vohmt1

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Dahw tbh whgta~ bluh lm xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae `tw azm ~aih `m g~hlt`mj a~ ~hdxg`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wcw1

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Da whgta~li wtlchbaidh~w bluh l gihl~ gamghvt ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd baz `t glm nh `mthj~lthd `mta whgta~li dhuhiavohmt lgtàmw lmd v~aghwwhw1 Dahw tbh whgta~ bluh l zlp ta gaa~d`mlth wtlchbaidh~ gamgh~mw lmd `mth~uhmtàmw "h-j- np wg`hmt`wtw tbh v~`/ ulth whgta~ gaooxm`t`hw lmd atbh~w) `m ~hiltàm ta d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm1 Blw tbh whgta~ `mga~va~lthd d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lw l za~c`mj vai`gp lmd dlp/ta/dlp v~lgt`gh1


Tbh za~c j~axv wbaxid `mgixdh; •

^hv~hwhmtltùhw ae tbh o`m`wt~p tblt lgtw lw ihldh~ `m tbh whgta~-

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Whgta~li vilmm`mj ljhmg`hw-

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^hihulmt v~ùlth whgta~ ljhmtw "~hv~hwhmt`mj nxw`mhww `mth~hwtw htg-)-

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D`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt v~lgt`tàmh~w-

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^hihulmt lgldho`g a~jlm`{ltàmw lmd ~hwhl~gb j~axvw-

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^hv~hwhmtltùhw ae gi`hmtw xwh~w lmd gaooxm`t`hw lmd lwwag`lthd MJAw-

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Atbh~ chp whgta~ lgta~w-

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Vai`t`gli wxvva~t e~ao tbh whgta~li o`m`wt~p ea~ tbh g~hltàm ae za~c j~axvw lmd ea~ `mthj~lt`mj ldd`tàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw `m tbh vilmm`mj lmd e`mlmgh wpwtho lt lii ihuhiw-

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Wt~amj `mth~lgtàm z`tb ~hihulmt a~jlm`{ltàmw `m tbh hmu`~amohmtli lmd wag`li whgta~w-

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Jx`dlmgh lmd lww`wtlmgh e~ao mltàmli viltea~ow-

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@mth~mltàmli gaavh~ltàm z`tb`m tbh whgta~ ta wxvva~t tbh hrgblmjh ae `mea~oltàm lmd nhwt v~lgt`ghw glvlg`/ tp dhuhiavohmt lmd tbh wt~hmjtbhm`mj ae `mwt`txtàmli e~lohza~cw-


<6:


4-8 Wtòxilth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw `m v~adxgtàm lmd wh~u`gh whgta~w

D- @iixwt~ltàmw

BEL

Hmh~jp whgta~) Hgxlda~

@m >66< tbh vilmm`mj lmd dhuhiavohmt o`m`wt~p ae Hgxlda~ "tbh Mltàmli Whg~htl~p ea~ Vilmm`mj lmd Dhuhiavohmt a~ WHMVILDHW) `m`t`lthd l v~aghww ea~ `mga~va~lt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta whgta~li lgtàmwWHMVILDHW `w tbh gaxmt~p ~hv~hwhmtltùh ea~ V^HLMD@MA tbh Lmdhlm Gaxmt~`hw* ~hjàmli d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm a~jlm`{ltàm- WHMVILDHW*w wt~lthjp `w ta za~c v~aj~hwwùhip `muaiu`mj `mwt`txtàmw lmd ljhmtw `mg~hohmtliip auh~ tòhTbh WHMVILDHW v~aghww blw tb~hh vblwhw- Tbh e`~wt vblwh `muaiuhd ~xmm`mj l il~jh mxonh~ ae za~cwbavw `m whuhm whgta~w; t~lmwva~t bhlitb lj~`gxitx~h e`wbh~p hmh~jp zlth~ wxvvip lmd wlm`tltàm hdxgltàm lmd x~nlm baxw`mj- Tbh za~cwbavw d`ljmawhd ~`wcw lmd dhuhiavhd za~cvilmwTbh whgamd vblwh hilna~lthd tbh nlw`w ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vilmw ea~ tbh whgta~w z`tb tza ~hwxitw- E`~wt `t g~hlthd l dltl nlwh lmd jhaj~lvb`gli `mea~oltàm wpwtho am bl{l~dw uximh~lnì`t`hw lmd ~`wc `m waoh whgta~wWhgamd `t v~hvl~hd l v~hiò`ml~p v~avawli am wt~lthj`hw vai`g`hw lmd v~akhgtw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàmTbh tb`~d gx~~hmt vblwh `muaiuhw dhuhiav`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vilmw ea~ hlgb whgta~- Whgta~w bluh g~hlthd gaoo`tthhw gaovawhd ae ~hv~hwhmtltùhw e~ao tbh`~ ol`m `mwt`txtàmw lmd lgta~w- Tbh gaoo`tthhw bluh nhjxm tbh v~hvl~ltàm ae tbh`~ ~hwvhgtùh vilmw zb`gb zìi `mgixdh jx`dlmgh am baz ta `mga~va~lth v~avawhd jaliw lmd lgtù`t`hw `mta dhuhiavohmt vilmm`mj lmd vxni`g `muhwtohmt v~aj~loohw- Tbhp l~h liwa dhhvhm`mj `mea~oltàm lmd lmlipw`w lmd ldlvt`mj vai`g`hw lmd ~hjxiltàmw ta tbh`~ wvhgè`g mhhdw- Waoh whgta~w wxgb lw tbh hihgt~`g whgta~ l~h ldulmg`mj glwh wtxd`hw lmd hilna~lt`mj xwhexi jx`dhi`mhw ea~ v~akhgtw dhw`jm- Ta d`wwho`mlth xwhexi `mea~oltàm WHMVILDHW `m >665 hd`thd lmd vxni`wbhd ~hwxit`mj whgta~li dagxohmtw e~ao lii vblwhw ae tbh v~aghwwTbh hmh~jp whgta~ v~au`dhw lm ìixwt~ltàm ae baz tbh WHMVILDHW v~aghww za~cw- Tbh O`m`wt~p ae Hmh~jp lmd O`mhw bhld ae tbh hmh~jp whgta~ blw z`tb WHMVILDHW ka`mtip ihd gaa~d`mltàm- Tajhtbh~ tbhp wt~xgtx~hd l gaa~d`mlt`mj gaoo`tthh z`tb vl~t`g`vltàm np tbh tb~hh v~òl~p wxnwhgta~w; bpd~agl~namw hihgt~`g`tp lmd jhaiajp!o`mhw- Hlgb wxnwhgta~ hwtlni`wbhd `tw azm za~c j~axv `mthj~lt`mj ~hihulmt ljhmg`hw lmd lgta~w- Lw l ihjli wxvva~t `m >668 tbh O`m`wt~p lvv~auhd l O`m`wth~`li Lj~hhohmt tblt `mg`thw vxni`g lmd v~ùlth hmth~v~`whw ta gl~~p axt d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vilmwTbh hmh~jp whgta~ blw oldh j~hlt v~aj~hww- W`mgh tbh wtl~t xv ae whgta~li vl~t`g`vltàm ea~ hrlovih natb Vht~ahgxlda~ "lm aì baid`mj hmth~v~`wh) lmd tbh Mltàmli Hihgt~`g Gaoo`wwàm bluh `dhmtè`hd `mwt`txtàmli lmd ihjli zhlcmhwwhw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt3 lwwhwwhd mltx~li bl{l~dw lmd ol`m uximh~lnì`t`hw `m tbh wxnwhgta~w3 `mwt`txthd d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mea~oltàm wpwthow3 lmd g~hlthd atbh~ wvhgè`g v~avawliwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t; zzz-whmvildhw-jau-hg! zzz-whmvildhw-jau-hg!

Zlth~ wxvvip lmd wlm`tltàm) Gaiaon`l

Xmdh~ tbh e~lohza~c ae V^HLMD@MA l ~hjàmli v~aj~looh ta òv~auh d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt Gaixon`l*w zlth~ wxvvip lmd wlm`tltàm hmt`t`hw `m >66< g~hlthd lm `mth~/`mwt`txtàmli za~c j~axv ta `mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta tbh whgta~- Tbh Dhvl~tohmt ae Zlth~ lmd Nlw`g Wlm`tltàm "DLVWN) ihldw tbh j~axv- Ohonh~wb`v blw `mgixdhd tbh Mltàmli D`~hgtàm ea~ D`wlwth~ V~huhmtàm lmd Ltthmtàm tbh Mltàmli Dhvl~tohmt ae Vilmm`mj tbh @mwt`txth ea~ Hmu`~amohmtli Wtxd`hw tbh Mltàmli @mwt`txth ae Jhaiajp lmd O`mhw tbh Gaiaon`lm Lwwag`ltàm ae Hmu`~amohmtli lmd Wlm`tl~p Hmj`mhh~w "LGADLI) tbh Vxni`g Xtì`tp Wxvh~`mthmdhmgh lmd tbh Zlth~ ^hjxiltàm Gaoo`wwàmDLVWN blw za~chd ta jhmh~lth lzl~hmhww ae lmd vai`t`gli gaoo`tohmt ta d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm loamj vxni`g wh~u`gh xtì`t`hw np ohlmw ae ea~xow who`ml~w v~hwhmtltàmw lmd atbh~ thgbm`gli lmd lgldho`g huhmtw- @m >66> lmd >668 DLVWN bhid mltàmli ohht`mjw z`tb oa~h tblm 26 vxni`g xtì`tp gaovlm`hw whtt`mj xv d`liajxhw lmd jù`mj `mea~oltàm- @t hrvil`mhd whgta~li d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd v~aj~hww am ~hgauh~p vai`gp3 axti`mhd d`wlwth~ <62



BEL

Wtòxilth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw `m v~adxgtàm lmd wh~u`gh whgta~w 4-8

~`wc ~hdxgtàm gamghvtw lmd th~o`maiajp3 dhwg~`nhd ohtbadaiaj`gli lvv~algbhw ea~ uximh~lnì`tp lwwhwwohmt3 b`jbi`jbthd gx~~hmt hrvh~`hmghw `m iagli d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd ~hgauh~p lgtàmw3 lmd hrvia~hd thgbm`gli `wwxhw ~hilthd ta d`wlwth~ v~huhmtàm gamt`mjhmgp vilmw lmd o`t`jltàm ohlwx~hw `m tbh whgta~Atbh~ ohonh~w ae tbh za~c j~axv bluh bhivhd ta `mthj~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta tbh whgta~- Tbh Mltàmli Dhvl~tohmt ae Vilmm`mj blw wt~hmjtbhmhd gamw`dh~ltàm ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m ohgblm`wow ea~ v~akhgt `muhwtohmt ol`mip `m tbh glwh ae mhz `muhwtohmt v~akhgtw- Ldd`tàmliip tbh Mltàmli D`~hgtàm ea~ D`wlwth~ V~huhmtàm lmd Ltthmtàm `m gaa~d`mltàm z`tb DLVWN blw hilna~lthd l v~aj~looh am d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt ea~ vxni`g hmt`t`hw Lii tb`w za~c blw liiazhd Gaixon`l ta `dhmtèp tbh whgta~*w mhhdw lmd v~à~`t`hw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lw zhii lw v~aj~hww oldh `m ~hdxg`mj ~`wcw- V~aj~hww `mgixdhw oadè`gltàm ae whgta~li ihjli ~hjxiltàmw v~hvl~ltàm ae za~c v~aj~loohw lmd hilna~ltàm ae ohtbadaiaj`gli jx`dhw ea~ d~axjbt lmd eiaad olmljhohmt ea~ vxni`g xtì`tp gaovlm`hw- Ldd`tàmli ohtbadaiaj`gli jx`dhw l~h hmu`wàmhd ea~ ilmdwi`dhw lmd hl~tb|xlchw- @mwt`txtàmli lmlipw`w blw nhhm gl~~`hd axt mlohip lwwhwwohmtw ae tbh whgta~*w gx~~hmt a~jlm`{ltàm tbh ~hiltàm nhtzhhm jhaj~lvb`gli ihuhiw lmd tbh `mth~lgtàm ae jauh~mohmt z`tb v~ùlth ljhmtwTbh whgta~li za~c j~axv blw liwa hmdhluax~hd ta i`mc z`tb atbh~ ~hihulmt a~jlm`{ltàmw wxgb lw LGADLI- Tbh j~axv wtxd`hd tbh ~aih tblt LGADLI gaxid vilp `m ldulmg`mj ~`wc v~huhmtàm `m tbh whgta~- Amh ~hwxit zlw tbh v~aoatàm ae l mltàmli t~l`m`mj huhmt am d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ea~ vxni`g xtì`tp gaovlm`hw- Wòìl~ heea~tw bluh nhhm oldh ta za~c z`tb atbh~ a~jlm`{ltàmw wxgb lw Mltàmli Gaoo`wwàm ae O`g~a/nlw`mw ta u`wxli`{h g~`t`gli lmd wt~lthj`g l~hlwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t; ^hjilohmta Thgm`ga dhi Whgta~ dh Ljxl Vatlnih p Wlmhlo`hmta Nlw`ga ^lw / >666- ^hvûni`gl dh Gaiaon`l O`m`wth~à dh Lon`hmth Uù`hmdl p Dhwl~~aiia Th~~`ta~`li D`~hgg`÷m dh Ljxl Vatlnih Wlmhlo`hmta Nìw`ga p Lon`hmtlizzz-o`mlon`hmth-jau-ga!u`gho`m`wth~àw!lon`hmth!d`~QljxlQvatlnihQwlmhloQnlw`ga!d`~hggàm!T(HDtxia@Lon` hmtli-vde

H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj Ixml H-O- >666- *Nlplm`blm*; Nxìd`mj Oxit`/Whgta~li Vl~tmh~wb`v ea~ Wxwtl`mlnih D`wlwth~ V~huhmtàm O`t`jltàm lmd V~hvl~hdmhww; Lm @ovlgt V~aj~lo Hulixltàm- Hrhgxtùh Wxool~p- Olmìl; Ga~va~lth Mhtza~c ea~ D`wlwth~ ^hwvamwhVLBA!ZBA- >668- Wleh Bawv`tliw; L Gaiihgtùh ^hwvamw`nì`tp L Jianli Ohlwx~h ae D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàmVLBA!ZBA- zzz-vlba-a~j!hmji`wb!dd!vhd!WlehBawv`tliwNaaciht-vde XM/Zlth~-- >664- Zlth~ Bl{l~d ^`wcw- zzz-xmzlth~ XM/Zlth~ zzz-xmzlth~-a~j!dazmialdw!xmzlth~wh~`hw-vde -a~j!dazmialdw!xmzlth~wh~`hw-vde


<60

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4-5

BEL

E`mlmg`li!hgamao`g `mwt~xohmtw; G~hlth avva~txm`t`hw ea~ v~ùlth/whgta~ E`mlmg`li!hgamao`g `muaiuhohmt `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm


Th~o`maiajp O`g~ae`mlmgh lmd o`g~ag~hd`t; V~aj~loohw hrthmd`mj wolii


Tbh vx~vawh ae tbh tlwc `w ta hwtlni`wb lvv~av~`lth e`wgli vai`gp ohgblm`wow lmd `mmaultùh `mwt~xohmtw ta `mg~hlwh tbh v~ùlth whgta~*w gamt~`nxtàm ta ~`wc ~hdxgtàmZbp `t*w òva~tlmt

Tbh BEL BEL wvhgè`gliip mathw tbh òva~tlmt ~aih tblt nxw`mhww hmth~v~`whw lmd tbh v~ùlth whgta~ glm vilp `m za~c`mj z`tb mltàmli jauh~mohmt lxtba~`t`hw ta ~hdxgh d`wlwth~ ~`wcw- Zhii dhw`jmhd ga~~hgtip iaglthd lmd hgamao`gliip ~anxwt nxw`mhww hmth~v~`wh `w lm òva~tlmt ohlmw ta `mg~hlwh tbh ~hwì`hmgh ae nxw`mhwwhw lmd wag`ht`hw ta d`wlwth~w- Vl~tmh~wb`vw z`tb tbh v~ùlth whgta~ hmlnih jauh~mohmtw ta ihuh~ljh tbh`~ `muhwtohmtw `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw np tlvv`mj tbh cmazihdjh ~hwax~ghw lmd hrvh~t`wh `m tbh v~ùlth whgta~- Tbhp glm liwa lww`wt `m `mthj~lt`mj ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ~`wc t~lmweh~ lmd o`t`jltàm lgtù`t`hw z`tb ol~cht ea~ghw lmd tbh~hnp hmblmgh tbh wxwtl`mlnì`tp ae ~`wc ~hdxgtàm v~lgt`ghw `m nxw`mhwwTbh ol`m nhmhe`t tblt jauh~mohmtw glm v~au`dh ta tbh v~ùlth whgta~ `w v~hd`gtlnì`tp `m tbh ~`wc/~hilthd vai`g`hw tblt bluh d`~hgt òvlgt am nxw`mhww avh~ltàmw `mgixd`mj gamw`wthmt lmd h|x`tlnih hmea~ghohmt ae ~hjxiltàmwV~hd`gtlnì`tp olp liwa nh lgb`huhd tb~axjb ea~ hrlovih v~au`d`mj iamj/th~o i`ghmghw ta avh~lth nlwhd am oxtxliip lj~hhd gamd`tàmw- Gamd`tàmw gaxid `mgixdh ea~ `mwtlmgh nxw`mhww gaoo`tohmtw ta gamt~`nxth ta d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw z`tb d`~hgt nhmhe`tw ta tbh iagli gaooxm`t`hw- Jauh~mohmt glm liwa elgì`tlth vxni`g/v~ùlth vl~tmh~wb`vw np g~hlt`mj lvv~av~`lth lmd `mmaultùh e`wgli lmd atbh~ vai`gp ohlwx~hw ea~ <<6

ialmw lmd atbh~ e`mlmg`li wh~u`ghw wxgb lw wlu`mjw ta uh~p vaa~ vhavih ea~ whie/hoviapohmt v~akhgtw tblt jhmh~lth `mgaoh liiaz`mj tbho ta gl~h ea~ tbhowhiuhw lmd tbh`~ eloì`hw- "Wax~gh; O`g~ag~hd`t Wxoo`t Glovl`jm) uaixmtl~p l~p lwwag`ltàm lwwag`ltàm ae natb Vxni`g/v~ùlth vl~tmh~wb`v; L uaixmt wtlth lmd mam/wtlth lgta~w a~ a~jlm`{ltàmli hmt`t`hw tpv`gliip d~lzm e~ao jauh~mohmt nxw`mhww v~aehwwàmli lmd!a~ lgldho`g `mwt`txtàmw lmd atbh~ hihohmtw ae gùì wag`htp ta ldd~hww gaooamip bhid ankhgtùhw tb~axjb wbl~hd ~hwax~ghw wcìiw lmd lnì`t`hw- Vl~tmh~wb`vw tpv`gliip `muaiuh waoh ea~o ae ka`mt dhg`wàm/olc`mj lmd wbl~`mj ae ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw avva~txm`t`hw lmd ~`wcw `m ~hgajm`tàm tblt tbh gaon`mhd ulixh ae tbh`~ ~hwvhgtùh ltt~`nxthw v~au`dhw j~hlth~ vathmt`li ea~ lggaovi`wbohmt tblm zaxid nh vaww`nih tb~axjb `mdù`dxli heea~tw- "Wax~gh; O`g~ag~hd`t Wxoo`t Glovl`jm) ^`wc lua`dlmgh v~lgt`ghw xwh ga~va~lth hrvh~t`wh `m l~hlw

wxgb lw hmth~v~`wh ~`wc olmljhohmt ta `dhmtèp avva~txm`t`hw ta lua`d ~`wcw- Ea~ `mwtlmgh ~`wc glm nh lua`dhd np z`tbbaid`mj gamwt~xgtàm vh~o`wwàm a~ avh~lt`mj i`ghmghw `m b`jb/~`wc l~hlw wxgb lw eiaad vil`mw gawtli {amhw lmd ilmdwi`dh v~amh l~hlw^`wc o`t`jltàm xwhw ga~va~lth hrvh~t`wh lmd `muhwtohmtw ta

`dhmtèp lmd ~ht~ae`t ièhi`mh elgì`t`hw wxgb lw bawv`tliw lmd aì dhvatw zb`gb l~h w`txlthd `m bl{l~daxw l~hlw lmd zb`gb è dloljhd gaxid `mth~~xvt ma~oli avh~ltàmw ae nxw`mhwwhw lmd gaooxm`t`hw- Tbh wloh lvv~algb `w lvvi`hd ta ièhi`mh elgì`tp mhtza~cw "i`ch vazh~ i`mhw gaooxm`gltàmw mhtza~cw lmd zlth~ wxvvip lmd wlm`tltàm)- ^`wc o`t`jltàm liwa `muaiuhw hmgax~lj`mj ga~va~lth vl~tmh~w ta vaai ~hwax~ghw; nxìd`mj ea~ hrlovih l ~hi`lnih ga~va~lth vazh~ jhmh~ltàm elgì`tp ea~ l gaooxm`tp ae nxw`mhwwhw `m tbh wloh oxm`g`vli`tp ~ltbh~ tblm ~hip`mj am `mdù`dxli wtlmdnp jhmh~lta~w ea~ hlgb hmth~v~`whJauh~mohmtw gaxid liwa ga/`muhwt `m `mg~hlw`mj tbh ~hi`lnì`tp ae oxm`g`vli xtì`t`hw wa tblt tbhp zìi wtlp avh~ltàmli dx~`mj hrvhgthd bl{l~daxw gamd`tàmw^`wc t~lmweh~ `muaiuhw `mwx~lmgh lmd ~h`mwx~lmgh natb ea~

vbpw`gli dloljh lmd nxw`mhww `mth~~xvtàm gauh~ljh tblt zaxid v~au`dh glwb gaovhmwltàm òohd`lthip leth~ tbh d`wlwth~- Ta tbh hrthmt vaww`nih g~hlth il~jh vaai ae `mwx~hd ta lua`d vlp`mj b`jb v~ho`xow lmd `mt~adxgh olmdlta~p `mwx~lmgh ea~ tbawh nxw`mhwwhw lmd vxni`g `mwt`txtàmw tblt bluh ta avh~lth `m tbh bl{l~daxw gamd`tàmwZa~dw @mta Lgtàm; L Jx`dh ea~ @ovihohmt`mj @ovihohmt`mj tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c E~lohza~c


E`mlmg`li!hgamao`g `mwt~xohmtw; G~hlth avva~txm`t`hw ea~ v~ùlth/whgta~ `muaiuhohmt `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm BEL

4-5

`mwtlmgh v~aoat`mj o`g~ag~hd`t wgbhohw `mwx~lmgh wleh~ gamwt~xgtàm lmd `mea~oltàm thgbmaiaj`hw xwhexi ea~ hl~ip zl~m`mj- Tb`w zìi hmwx~h vl~t`g`vltàm ae tbh v~ùlth whgta~ `m ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd liwa jhmh~lth oxgb mhhdhd `muhwtohmt ea~ ~`wc v~huhmtàm lmd o`t`jltàm lgtù`t`hwBaz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw

Tbh tlwc ae g~hlt`mj avva~txm`t`hw ea~ v~ùlth whgta~ `muaiuhohmt `w i`mchd ta hmjlj`mj `m l oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ d`liajxh "Tlwc <-<) lw tbh v~ùlth whgta~ wbaxid nh `muaiuhd `m wxgb d`liajxhw- Oa~h jhmh~liip `t ~hilthw ta lii tbh whgta~w lmd `wwxhw d`wgxwwhd `m Gblvth~ 4 ae tb`w Jx`dh lw `m huh~p whgta~ tbh~h l~h avva~txm`t`hw ea~ dhuhiav`mj wpmh~j`hw z`tb tbh v~ùlth whgta~-


Zlpw ta hmjljh tbh v~ùlth whgta~ olp nh uh~p dèeh~hmt dhvhmd`mj am gaxmt~p/wvhgè`g gamd`tàmw"@)

@t `w xwxliip bhivexi ta wtl~t z`tb l ~axmd/tlnih ohht`mj- Wxgb l ohht`mj glm wtl~t d`liajxhw nhtzhhm jauh~mohmt aee`g`liw lmd v~ùlth whgta~w bhiv`mj ta `dhmtèp l~hlw ae oxtxli `mth~hwt ea~ ka`mt d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw-

Ta dhuhiav l ~axmd/tlnih ohht`mj; <-

V~hvl~h np ~hu`hz`mj hr`wt`mj vl~tmh~wb`vw z`tb tbh v~ùlth whgta~-

>-

@dhmtèp tbh olka~ ~`wcw elg`mj ga~va~lth `mth~hwtw `m tbh gaxmt~pgaxmt~p- @dhmtèp zb`gb ~`wcw o`jbt nh nhtth~ dhlit z`tb tb~axjb ~`wc lua`dlmgh v~lgt`ghw o`t`jltàm a~ ~`wc t~lmweh~ ohgblm`wow-

7-

Gamuhmh l ohht`mj z`tb v~ùlth whgta~ ~hv~hwhmtltùhw-

4-

D`wgxww l~hlw ae ae gaooam gaooam `mth~hwt `mth~hwt whhc`mj whhc`mj ta ta `dhmtèp `dhmtèp tpvhw tpvhw ae ka`mt ka`mt v~akhgtw v~akhgtw tblt tblt gaxid gaxid lggaooadlth lggaooadlth natb natb gamwt~l`mtw lmd avva~txm`t`hw ea~ v~ùlth lmd vxni`g vl~tmh~w liiaz`mj tbho ta gaon`mh ~hwax~ghw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm-

8-

Hmjljh tbh nxw`mhww ihldh~wb`v wcìiw tbh v~aehwwàmli lnì`t`hw lmd tbh ~hwax~ghw `m dhuhiavohmt v~lgt`ghw tblt ~hdxgh ~`wcw ea~ gaooxm`t`hw lmd gaovlm`hw-

"@@) Zbhm gaxmt~`hw l~h `mth~hwthd `m dhuhiav`mj oa~h oa~h ea~oli vl~tmh~wb`vw jauh~mohmtw glm g~hlth l mltàmli vl~tmh~wb`v tlwc ea~gh- Tbh tlwc ea~gh glm vx~wxh tbh eaiiaz`mj lgtù`t`hw; <-

@dhmtèp nxw`mhww avva~txm`t`hw `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ea~ tbh v~ùlth whgta~-

>-

G~hlth lm `mghmtùh wt~xgtx~h ea~ `muhwtohmt `m tbhwh nxw`mhww avva~txm`t`hw-

7-

Elgì`tlth v~ùlth `muhwtohmt `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw np `mt~adxg`mj `mmaultùh e`wgli ohlwx~hwHrlovihw ae wxgb ohlwx~hw `mgixdh gamghwwàmw am `mgaoh tlr glv`tli jl`mw tlr lmd v~avh~tp tlr "ea~ `muhwtohmt am wleh baxw`mj lmd atbh~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw)-

4-

Hmgax~ljh `mea~oltàm thgbmaiajp lmd thihgaooxm`gltàm gaovlm`hw ta dhw`jm vhavih/ghmt~hd v~adxgtw lmd wh~u`ghw ea~ hl~ip zl~m`mj d`wwho`mltàm-

8-

Hmgax~ljh gamwt~xgtàm gaovlm`hw ta dhw`jm d`wlwth~/~hw`wtlmt thova~l~p thova~l~p lmd vh~olmhmt wbhith~ ea~ d`wlwth~/leehgthd vavxiltàmw-


<<<

4


BEL

4-5 E`mlmg`li!hgamao`g `mwt~xohmtw; G~hlth avva~txm`t`hw ea~ v~ùlth/whgta~ `muaiuhohmt `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm 5-

Hmgax~ljh nxw`mhwwhw ta hl~ol~c vl~t ae tbh`~ .ga~va~lth wag`li ~hwvamw`nì`tp. ~hwax~ghw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw-

:-

Dùh~wèp o`g~ag~hd`t lmd `mwx~lmgh v~adxgtw ta `mg~hlwh tbh tatli lwwht nlwh lmd `mga~va~lth ~`wc o`t`jltàm gaovamhmtw-

2-

Tb~axjb gaiilna~ltùh wtxd`hw z`tb v~ùlth lmd lgldho`g `mwt`txtàmw hwtlni`wb l glwh ea~ ~`wc o`t`jltàm np v~ùlth `mdxwt~p- ^`wc o`t`jltàm glm hmwx~h nxw`mhww gamt`mx`tp `m tbh elgh ae d`wlwth~ òvlgtw-

0-

V~aoath tbh e`mlmg`mj ae wvhgè`g vawt/d`wlwth~ ~hgauh~p mhhdw ea~ vaa~ vhavih a~ tbawh z`tb vbpw`gli a~ ljh d`wlnì`t`hw tb~axjb o`g~ag~hd`t lmd `mwx~lmgh v~adxgtw lmd wh~u`ghw-

<6- @mthj~lth o`g~ag~hd`t wh~u`ghw z`tb v~aj~loohw ae t~ld`tàmli lmd mam/t~ld`tàmli wcìiw dhuhiavohmt- Vx~wxh Vx~wxh ldd`tàmli zlpw ta `mt~adxgh tbh wh~u`ghw ta mhz ol~chtw<<- Hulixlth tbh vathmt`li ea~ xw`mj o`g~ae`mlmgh lmd o`g~ag~hd`t lw ohlmw ta wxvva~t ~hgauh~p ea~ tbawh zba glm leea~d ta ~hvlp ialmw lmd!a~ wxvva~t `mth~hwt vlpohmtw<>- @m gaiilna~ltàm z`tb tbh v~ùlth whgta~ whgta~ dhuhiav t~l`m`mjw `m zhiel~h lww`wtlmgh v~aj~loohw ta òv~auh wcìiw lmd dùh~wèp `mgaoh wax~ghw ea~ tbh vaa~<7- Lwwhww gx~~hmt v~lgt`gh lmd hee`g`hmgp ae `mwx~lmgh lmd ~h`mwx~lmgh ohgblm`wow `m gauh~`mj gltlwt~avb`g huhmtw ea~ tbh vxni`g whgta~ v~ùlth whgta~ lmd vh~wamli ~hw`dhmghw<4- Hrvlmd `mwx~lmgh v~aj~low- Hrvia~h mhz ohtbadw ae xw`mj vxni`g wxnw`d`hw ta v~aoath tbh j~aztb ae `mwx~lmgh nxw`mhww- Tbh hgamao`g nhmhe`tw ae wxgb wxnw`d`hw olp nh oa~h gawt/heehgtùh tblm vawt/d`wlwth~ ~hi`he lmd ~hblnì`tltàm•

Hwtlni`wb g~av `mwx~lmgh zbh~h jauh~mohmtw wxnw`d`{h tbh v~ho`xo vlpohmtw ae tbh vaa~ tbxw wlu`mj am ~hi`he exmdw-

•

Dhuhiav ièh `mwx~lmgh ea~ baxwhbaid hl~mh~w lw vl~t ae vauh~tp/~hdxgtàm v~aj~loohw-

•

@m vxni`gip exmdhd baxw`mj hwtlni`wb gaovxiwa~p `mwx~lmgh ea~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm z`tb ~hdxghd v~ho`xow-

<8- Gamw`dh~ hwtlni`wb`mj gaovxiwa~p baoh `mwx~lmgh ta v~athgt ljl`mwt d`wlwth~w "whh hrlovih nhiaz e~ao Tx~chp)<5- @mt~adxgh `mmaultùh e`wgli vai`gp ohlwx~hw i`ch gamghwwàmw am v~avh~tp tlr lmd `mgaoh tlr ea~ baohazmh~w lmd nxw`mhwwhw tblt xmdh~tlch lvv~av~`lth ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ohlwx~hw<:- Lwwhww mhghwwl~p ~hea~ow `m ilzw lmd ~hjxiltàmw ta hmlnih mhz e`mlmg`li ohgblm`wow ta nh òvihohmthd<2- Hulixlth tbh vaww`nì`tp ae hwtlni`wb`mj l mltàmli gltlwt~avbh exmd zb`gb glm nh xwhd natb ta vlp ea~ ~hgauh~p lmd ~hgamwt~xgtàm lmd liwa ta exmd v~akhgtw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- Lw lm lith~mltùh gamw`dh~ `wwx`mj l gltlwt~avbh namd ta gauh~ iawwhw ta g~`t`gli vxni`g `me~lwt~xgtx~h<0- Lgtù`t`hw wbaxid liwa `mgixdh zaohm*w wlu`mjw g~hd`t lmd whie/bhiv j~axvw-


^hv~hwhmtltùhw e~ao; •

<<>

Tbh v~ùlth whgta~ `mgixd`mj ehdh~ltàmw lmd gblonh~w ae `mdxwt~`hw gaooh~gh nxw`mhww lwwag`ltàmw lmd v~aehwwàmli `mdxwt~p lwwag`ltàmw-



E`mlmg`li!hgamao`g `mwt~xohmtw; G~hlth avva~txm`t`hw ea~ v~ùlth/whgta~ `muaiuhohmt `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm BEL •

Jauh~mohmt-

•

V~aehwwàmli lmd!a~ lgldho`g `mwt`txtàmw-

•

Atbh~ hihohmtw ae gùì wag`htp-

4-5


•

•

•

•

Tav/ihuhi wxvva~t e~ao tbh jauh~mohmt L gihl~ olmdlt olmdlthhV~algtùh ihldh~wb`v L wt~amj ga~h j~axv ae gaoo`tthd ga~va~lth vl~tmh~w@mghmtùhw ea~ lgtàm-

D- @iixwt~ltàmw D`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mwx~lmgh v~aj~looh) Tx~chp

Tx~chp hrvh~`hmghd tza olka~ hl~tb|xlchw `m <000 z`tb ~hwvhgtùh oljm`txdhw ae :-4 lmd :->- Tbh ilwt ae tbhwh hl~tb|xlchw zb`gb aggx~~hd `m tbh Ol~ol~l ~hjàm ~hwxithd `m tbh iaww ae tbaxwlmdw ae iùhw lmd vilghd lm hma~oaxw e`mlmg`li nx~dhm am tbh hgamaop lmd tbh Jauh~mohmt- Tbh òvlgtw ae tb`w d`wlwth~ lmd tbh iaz ihuhi ae `mwx~lmgh gauh~ljh `m vilgh ihd tbh Jauh~mohmt ta hwtlni`wb l z`dhwv~hld lmd heehgtùh hl~tb|xlch `mwx~lmgh wpwthoNhea~h >666 hl~tb|xlch `mwx~lmgh `m Tx~chp zlw v~au`dhd oawtip lw lm ldd`tàm ta e`~h lmd hmj`mhh~`mj `mwx~lmgh- Tbh gauh~ljh ~lth zlw |x`th iaz hwvhg`liip ea~ ~hw`dhmt`li nxìd`mjw "8 vh~ ghmt)- Tlc`mj ldulmtljh ae tbh vxni`g lmd vai`t`gli oaohmtxo g~hlthd np tbh Ol~ol~l hl~tb|xlch tbh Jauh~mohmt `m >666 `mt~adxghd l gaovxiwa~p hl~tb|xlch `mwx~lmgh wgbhoh ea~ lii ~hw`dhmt`li nxìd`mjw tblt elii z`tb`m oxm`g`vli naxmdl~`hw- Ta aeeh~ tb`w `mwx~lmgh lt ~hlwamlnih v~ho`xow tbh Jauh~mohmt g~hlthd tbh Tx~c`wb Gltlwt~avbh @mwx~lmgh Vaai "TG@V) xmdh~ tbh wxvh~u`wàm ae tbh T~hlwx~p Xmdh~whg~htl~pTbh gaovxiwa~p hl~tb|xlch `mwx~lmgh wgbhoh lòw ta iò`t tbh e`mlmg`li nx~dhm tblt hl~tb|xlchw vilgh am tbh Jauh~mohmt nxdjht ta hmwx~h ~`wc/wbl~`mj np ~hw`dhmtw ta hmgax~ljh wtlmdl~d nxìd`mj v~lgt`ghw lmd ta hwtlni`wb iamj/th~o ~hwh~uhw ta e`mlmgh extx~h hl~tb|xlch iawwhw- Tbh wgbhoh v~au`dhw gaovhmwltàm ta baohazmh~w z`tbaxt ~huh~t`mj ta tbh Jauh~mohmt nxdjht- Vlpohmt ae `tw leea~dlnih v~ho`xow heehgtùhip ol`mtl`mw wag`li wai`dl~`tp lmd ~`wc/wbl~`mj- Ohlmzbìh l w`jmè`glmt va~tàm ae tbh ~`wc `w ghdhd ta `mth~mltàmli ~h`mwx~lmgh ol~chtw xmtì wxee`g`hmt e`mlmg`li ~hwax~ghw l~h lggxoxilthd z`tb`m TG@VTa hmgax~ljh gaovi`lmgh baohazmh~w oxwt v~hwhmt tbh`~ `mwx~lmgh vai`gp dagxohmtw lt ~hli hwtlth ~hj`wt~ltàm aee`ghw ea~ tbh wlih lmd vx~gblwh ae baohw- L ~hghmt vilm zaxid hrthmd `mwx~lmgh ~h|x`~hohmtw ta atbh~ vxni`g wh~u`ghw lmd g~hlth mhz gbhgcva`mtw- @e tbhwh mhz gbhgcva`mtw l~h `mwt`txthd baohazmh~w zìi nh ani`jhd ta v~hwhmt `mwx~lmgh vai`gp dagxohmtw zbhm avhm`mj lggaxmtw ea~ jlw zlth~ hihgt~`g`tp lmd thihvbamh wh~u`ghwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; Tbh Tx~c`wb Gltlwt~avbh @mwx~lmgh Vaai "TG@V) lmd tbh Gaovxiwa~p Hl~tb|xlch @mwx~lmgh Wgbhoh- Whiloht Pl{`g- Tbh Za~id Nlmcbttv;!!`mea-za~idnlmc-a~j!htaaiw!dagw!i`n~l~p!<<4:<8!`wtlmnxi67!dagw!`wtlmnxi67!<

<<7

4


BEL

4-5 E`mlmg`li!hgamao`g `mwt~xohmtw; G~hlth avva~txm`t`hw ea~ v~ùlth/whgta~ `muaiuhohmt `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ^`wc/~hdxgtàm v~aj~looh tb~axjb o`g~ag~hd`t) Nlmjildhwb

@m Nlmjildhwb j~lww ~aatw ihmd`mj wgbhohw lmd o`g~a/`muhwtohmt v~aj~loohw l~h ~xmm`mj z`tb gamw`dh~lnih wxgghww- Amh ae tbh a~`j`mlta~w ae o`g~ag~hd`t J~lohhm Nlmc za~cw `m tb`w gaxmt~p ta tl~jht lmd oanì`{h tbh vaa~ g~hlt`mj wag`li lmd e`mlmg`li gamd`tàmw wa tblt tbhp ~hghùh g~hd`t np bhiv`mj tbho ta `dhmtèp l wax~gh ae whie/hoviapohmt `m eloì`l~ ~x~li mam/el~o lgtù`t`hw- Tl~jht`mj tbh vaa~ `w heehgtùh lw `t oanì`{hw amip tbawh zba l~h zìi`mj ta nhl~ tbh gawtw ae j~axv ea~oltàm t~l`m`mj lmd oam`ta~`mj hlgb atbh~*w lgtù`t`hw lmd tbawh zba l~h wlt`we`hd z`tb tbh ~hiltùhip wolii wxow tbhp glm na~~az lmd ~hvlp- Ta nhtth~ ohht `tw xitòlth jali ae wag`li lmd hgamao`g dhuhiavohmt J~lohhm Nlmc aeeh~w oa~h ialmw ta zaohm tblm ohm- Np da`mj wa `t d`~hgtip gblmmhiw g~hd`t ta tbh vaa~hwt lmd tbh ihlwt hovazh~hd bhiv`mj ta òv~auh tbh iù`mj wtlmdl~dw ae tbh`~ eloì`hw Liamj z`tb v~au`d`mj g~hd`t J~lohhm Nlmc aeeh~w jx`dhi`mhw ta ohonh~w ea~ gadhw ae gamdxgt lmd lgtù`t`hw lòhd lt òv~au`mj tbh`~ wag`li lmd e`mlmg`li gamd`tàmw- @t liwa v~au`dhw t~l`m`mj ta zaohm `m olth~mli bhlitb mxt~`tàm lmd gbìdgl~h ta wtòxilth j~hlth~ dholmd ea~ nlw`g bhlitb gl~h wh~u`ghwTbh Nlmc blw jhmh~lthd l mxonh~ ae nhmhe`tw lt natb tbh baxwhbaid lmd tbh uìiljh ihuhi- V~aj~looh vl~t`g`vltàm blw hmlnihd ohonh~w ta hmblmgh tbh`~ lwwhtw lmd mht za~tb- Ea~ hrlovih lm luh~ljh v~aj~looh/vl~t`g`vlt`mj baxwhbaid azmw 85 vh~ ghmt oa~h ~hwax~ghw lmd blw 8< vh~ ghmt oa~h mht za~tb tblm l mam/vl~t`g`vlt`mj baxwhbaid- V~aj~looh vl~t`g`vltàm blw liwa `mg~hlwhd glia~`h `mtlch hwvhg`liip loamj eholih baxwhbaid ohonh~w lmd wxnwtlmt`liip ~hdxghd tbh `mg`dhmgh ae vauh~tp- Ilnax~ ea~gh vl~t`g`vltàm hwvhg`liip loamj zaohm `w b`jbh~ loamj vl~t`g`vlmtw tblm mam/vl~t`g`vlmtw3 zaohm*w ilnax~ ea~gh vl~t`g`vltàm `w 55 vh~ ghmt loamj v~aj~looh vl~t`g`vlmtw gaovl~hd ta 8> vh~ ghmt ea~ mam vl~t`g`vlmtw- Tbh wgbaai vl~t`g`vltàm ~lth ae j`~iw `w liwa b`jbh~ ea~ vl~t`g`vlmtw "8: vh~ ghmt) tblm ea~ mam/vl~t`g`vlmtw "75 vh~ ghmt)- @m ldd`tàm v~aj~looh vilghohmt jhmh~lthw `mgaoh jl`mw ea~ tbh vaa~ lw l zbaih tb~axjb `tw òvlgtw am tbh iagli ~hwax~gh liiagltàm- Ea~ hrlovih tbh dlìp olih zljh `w >7 vh~ ghmt b`jbh~ `m v~aj~looh uìiljhw gaovl~hd z`tb mam/v~aj~looh uìiljhw- L oa~h ~hghmt ">668) wtxdp zlw lnih ta gaovl~h vauh~tp ~lthw `m <00 lmd <002!00 lmd eaxmd tblt oadh~lth vauh~tp `m lii uìiljhw dhgi`mhd np <: vh~ ghmt; <2 vh~ ghmt `m v~aj~lo l~hlw lmd <7 vh~ ghmt `m mam/v~aj~lo l~hlw- Loamj v~aj~lo vl~t`g`vlmtw zba bld nhhm ohonh~w w`mgh <00 vauh~tp ~lthw dhgi`mhd np oa~h tblm >6 vh~ ghmt- @t `w hwtòlthd tblt oa~h tblm blie ae tb`w ~hdxgtàm `w d`~hgtip ltt~`nxtlnih ta o`g~ae`mlmgh z`tb tbh òvlgt j~hlth~ ea~ hrt~hoh vauh~tp tblm oadh~lth vauh~tpWax~gh; J~lohhm Nlmc v~aoatàmli i`th~ltx~h3 W- ^- Cblmdch~ N- Cbliìp lmd [- Cblm "<007); J~lohhm Nlmc; Zblt Da Zh Cmaz1 Za~id Nlmc Hdxgltàm lmd Wag`li Vai`gp Dhvl~tohmt Zlwb`mjtam D-G- lmd Ohlwx~`mj tbh @ovlgt ae O`g~ae`mlmgh; Tlc`mj Wtagc ae Zblt Zh Cmaz np Mltblmlhi Jaidnh~j- Dhghonh~ >668- J~lohhm Eaxmdltàm Eaxmdl tàm XWL Vxni`g Vxni`gltàm ltàm Wh~`hw-

T~lmweh~~`mj T~lmweh~~`m j ~`wc e~ao tbh vaa~) @md`l

@m @md`l vh~wamli baxwhbaid lmd wolii nxw`mhww lwwhtw aethm l~h xmv~athgthd ljl`mwt d`wlwth~w; l w`txltàm tblt dhhvhmw ~`wc ea~ tbh vaa~- T~ld`tàmli `mwx~lmgh glm gauh~ olmp iawwhw nxt `t `w e~h|xhmtip xmlulìlnih ta òvauh~`wbhd `mdù`dxliw dxh ta `tw b`jb gawt- ^hi`he lmd ~hblnì`tltàm gaooamip ~hip am l`d ta gauh~ tbh gawtw ae ~hvilg`mj dloljhd lwwhtw ae tbh vaa~ nxt wxvva~t e~ao axtw`dh hmt`t`hw `w xmv~hd`gtlnih- @t tbh~hea~h glm nh dèe`gxit ta ~hvilgh tbhwh lwwhtw zb`gb `m tx~m olchw ~hgauh~p dèe`gxit- J~axvw tblt elì ta ~hgauh~ nhgaoh oa~h uximh~lnih ta wxnwh|xhmt d`wlwth~wO`g~a`mwx~lmgh blw hoh~jhd e~ao tb`w hmu`~amohmt ta lww`wt `m ~hdxg`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc- Tbh th~o .o`g~a`mwx~lmgh. dhwg~`nhw `mwx~lmgh v~adxgtw tlìa~hd wvhgè`gliip ta tbh mhhdw lmd nxdjhtw ae tbh vaa~hwt gaooxm`t`hw- ^hghmt `mwx~lmgh ~hjxilta~p ~hea~ow z`tb`m tbh Jauh~mohmt ae @md`l gaon`mhd z`tb tbh v~à~`t`{ltàm ae ~`wc ~hdxgtàm np @WD^ tbh V~aUhmtàm Gamwa~t`xo lmd tbh Xm`thd C`mjdao Dhvl~tohmt ea~ @mth~mltàmli Dhuhiavohmt bluh gamt~`nxthd ta tbh u`lnì`tp lmd ldulmghohmt ae o`g~a`mwx~lmgh Lelt Uòa "Jxkl~lt` ea~ *d`wlwth~ `mwx~lmgh*) `w amh hrlovih ae o`g~a`mwx~lmgh- L v~adxgt ae tbh Lii @md`l D`wlwth~ O`t`jltàm @mwt`txth Lelt Uòa blw nhhm dhuhiavhd `m vl~tmh~wb`v z`tb natb v~ùlth lmd vxni`g whgta~ `mwx~lmgh

<<4



E`mlmg`li!hgamao`g `mwt~xohmtw; G~hlth avva~txm`t`hw ea~ v~ùlth/whgta~ `muaiuhohmt `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm BEL

4-5

gaovlm`hw- Dholmd ea~ Lelt Uòa blw nhhm j~az`mj3 gx~~hmtip `t gauh~w oa~h tblm 8866 wolii nxw`mhwwhw- Tbh wgbhoh blw dhoamwt~lthd tblt whuh~li `mwx~lmgh gaovlm`hw l~h zìi`mj ta aeeh~ l d`wlwth~ `mwx~lmgh vlgcljh tblt `w leea~dlnih lmd ltt~lgtùh ta vaa~ vhavihEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; Nbltt O- ^- Vlmdpl O- lmd ^hpmaidw T- >665- Tlc`mj ~`wc aee tbh nlgcw ae tbh vaa~; Lelt Uòa d`wlwth~ `mwx~lmgh- ^hli ^`wc- Txda~ âwh-

H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj Nhmwam G- lmd Gilp H- >66>- Nlmjildhwb; D`wlwth~w lmd Vxni`g E`mlmgh- D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt Za~c`mj Vlvh~ Wh~`hw Ma- 5- Zlwb`mjtam DG; Za~id NlmcGblc~lnl~t` D- lmd Nblt O-^- >665- O`g~a/E`mlmgh lmd D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm- V~aghhd`mjw ae @mth~mltàmli Za~cwbav am D`wlwth~ ^`wc O`t`jltàm; Vathmt`li ae O`g~a/E`mlmgh ea~ Twxmlo` ^hgauh~p Mhz Dhib` @md`l Agtanh~ <8/<8 >668- Mhz Dhib`; Mltàmli @mwt`txth ae D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt "M@DO)O`lo`d`lm H- ht li- >668- Wx~uù`mj D`wlwth~w lmd Wxvva~t`mj ^hgauh~p; L Jx`dhnaac ea~ O`g~ae`mlmgh @mwt`txtàmw- D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt Za~c`mj Vlvh~ Wh~`hw Ma- <6- Zlwb`mjtam DG; Za~id NlmcZ`tth K-O- lmd ^h`m`gch Z- >668- Nxw`mhww Xmxwxli; Elgì`tlt`mj Xm`thd Mltàmw ^hea~o Tb~axjb Vl~tmh~wb`vwGaoo`wwàmhd np tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Jianli Gaovlgt Aee`gh- Mhz Pa~c; Xm`thd Mltàmw Jianli Gaovlgt Aee`ghzzz-jvv`-mht!nxw`mhwwxmxwxli!baoh Zhnw`thw

4

XM!@WD^*w .@muhwt ta v~huhmt d`wlwth~. / zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!`mth~mltàmli/dlp/>668 V~hvl~hd ea~ tbh @mth~mltàmli Dlp ea~ D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm >668-


<<8


4-:

BEL

D`wlwth~ ~hgauh~p; Dhuhiav l ~hgauh~p vilmm`mj v~aghww tblt `mga~va~lthw d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm


Th~o`maiajp ^hgauh~p; Dhg`wàmw lmd lgtàmw


Tb`w tlwc whhcw ta dhuhiav l d`wlwth~ ~hgauh~p vilmm`mj v~aghww `m zb`gb tbh xmdh~ip`mj glxwhw ae d`wlwth~w `m tbh ~hgauh~p lmd ~hgamwt~xgtàm heea~t l~h ldd~hwwhd `m a~dh~ ta nxìd ~hwì`hmgh lmd lua`d tbh ~hgamwt~xgtàm ae ~`wcw leth~ d`wlwth~ huhmtw Zbp `t*w òva~tlmt

D`wlwth~ ~hgauh~p vilmm`mj `w lm `mthj~li vl~t ae d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt lmd ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- Vilmm`mj ea~ ~hgauh~p lbhld ae lgtxli d`wlwth~w hmlnihw vai`gpolch~w lmd v~lgt`tàmh~w ta iaac nhpamd ~hvi`glt`mj tbh v~h/d`wlwth~ w`txltàm ae gaooxm`t`hw ta ldd~hww `m l vl~t`g`vlta~p olmmh~ wagà/ hgamao`g uximh~lnì`t`hw ae gaooxm`t`hw leehgthd np d`wlwth~w tbh~hnp bhiv`mj ta ~hdxgh extx~h d`wlwth~ ~`wc-

tlchm leth~ l d`wlwth~ z`tb l u`hz ta ~hwta~`mj a~ òv~au`mj tbh v~h/ d`wlwth~ iù`mj gamd`tàmw ae tbh wt~`gchm gaooxm`tp zbìh hmgax~lj`mj lmd elgì`tlt`mj mhghwwl~p ldkxwtohmtw ta ~hdxgh d`wlwth~ ~`wc- ^hgauh~p "~hblnì`tltàm lmd ~hgamwt~xgtàm) leea~dw lm avva~txm`tp ta dhuhiav lmd lvvip d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ohlwx~hw- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp)

^hgauh~p heea~tw l~h oawt heehgtùh zbhm tbhp l~h `mea~ohd np tbh ihwwamw ihl~mhd e~ao v~huàxw d`wlwth~w lw zhii lw np cmazihdjh ae ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ohlwx~hw- ^hgauh~p vilmw tblt `mga~va~lth tbhwh lwvhgtw ~hdxgh d`wlwth~ iawwhw `m iùhw lw zhii lw `m tbh wag`li hgamao`g lmd hmu`~amohmtli lwwhtw ae gaooxm`t`hw- Z`tbaxt wxgb l vilm tbh iamj tòhwvlmw ~h|x`~hd ea~ tbh mhjat`ltàm lmd lvv~auli ae dhuhiavohmt exmd`mj jhmh~lth l jlv nhtzhhm bxolm`tl~`lm lww`wtlmgh lmd tbh `m`t`ltàm ae ~hgamwt~xgtàm v~aj~loo`mj; l jlv `m zb`gb leehgthd vhavih l~h xwxliip ihet z`tbaxt wxvva~t ea~ ~hgauh~p- Ldd`tàmliip ~hgamwt~xgtàm tblt `w mat wxvva~thd np lm heehgtùh ~hgauh~p vilm e~h|xhmtip ihldw ta ~hnxìd`mj tbh gamd`tàmw ae ~`wc zb`gb hr`wthd nhea~h tbh d`wlwth~Tbh v~hvl~ltàm ae wvhgè`g ~hgauh~p vilmw glm amip aggx~ leth~ l d`wlwth~ blw wt~xgc nxt jhmh~li ~hgauh~p vilmm`mj glm nh xmdh~tlchm `m ldulmgh np xw`mj hr`wt`mj `mea~oltàm ta hwtlni`wb vai`g`hw lmd `mwt`txtàmli ~aihw lmd ta dhuhiav wghml~àw lmd gamt`mjhmgp vilmw- Tbh iltth~ glm nh xwhd lw l wtl~t`mj va`mt ae l wvhgè`g ~hgauh~p vilm ldkxwthd lgga~d`mj ta tbh mltx~h ae tbh vl~t`gxil~ huhmt- D`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww vilmm`mj `w aethm xmdh~tlchm ta ldd~hww i`chip d`wlwth~ wghml~àw "tb~axjb gamt`mjhmgp vilmw3 whh Tlwc 8-7)- Ihww aethm da tbhwh vilmw `mgixdh v~hvl~ltàmw ea~ vawt/d`wlwth~ ~hgauh~p lgtàmBaz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw

Tbh tlwc ae dhuhiav`mj ~`wc/~hdxg`mj ~hgauh~p vilmw b`mjhw am lgghww ta lmd lmlipw`w ae ~`wc `mea~oltàm "Gblvth~ >) lmd am i`mcljhw z`tb tbh gaxmt~p*w v~hvl~hdmhww wpwtho "Gblvth~ 8)- Heehgtùh ~hgauh~p vilmw liwa wbaxid `mga~va~lth cmazihdjh ae baz ta lmt`g`vlth lmd ~hdxgh extx~h ~`wcw `m chp whgta~w zb`gb l~h gamw`dh~hd `m tbh atbh~ tlwcw ae Gblvth~ 4^hgaoohmdhd wthvw

Ta dhuhiav l ~hgauh~p vilmm`mj v~aghww tblt ~hdxghw extx~h ~`wc; <-

Gaiihgt lmd ~hu`hz lulìlnih nlgcj~axmd dagxohmtltàm am wxgb tb`mjw lw; •

<<5

Vbpw`gli lmd hgamao`g gamd`tàmw lmd dhuhiavohmt vilmw-



BEL

Hulixlth ihjli `mwt`txtàmli lmd vai`gp e~lohza~c 4-:

N- Baz ta da `t •

•

•

•

•

Mltx~li bl{l~dw Lgtù`t`hw `mwt`txtàmw lmd wt~xgtx~hw oawt lt ~`wc e~ao tbawh bl{l~dwUximh~lnì`t`hw am l whgta~/np/whgta~ nlw`wGlvlnì`tp lwwhwwohmtw "whh Tlwc 8->) wbaz`mj zblt ~hwax~ghw l~h lulìlnih ta ~hwvamd lmd ~hgauh~ e~ao d`wlwth~Tbh wt~hmjtbw lmd zhlcmhwwhw ae tbh a~jlm`{ltàmw ~hwvamw`nih ea~ ~hwvamd`mj ta hoh~jhmgp w`txltàmw olmlj`mj ~hgauh~p lmd ~hdxg`mj iawwhw-

>-

Dhth~o`mh tbh mhhdw lmd lvv~av~`lth ~hwvamwhw ta ul~àxw c`mdw ae d`wlwth~ huhmtw lw zhii lw tbh c`mdw ae o`t`jltàm ohlwx~hw tblt wbaxid nh nxìt `mta ~hgauh~p lmd ~hgamwt~xgtàm e~ao ul~àxw d`wlwth~ wghml~àw Ldd~hww tbh wt~hmjtbw lmd uximh~lnì`t`hw ae wvhgè`g whgta~w "whh nar nhiaz ea~ dhtlìw)-

7-

@dhmtèp ihld ljhmg`hw ea~ xmdh~tlc`mj ~hgauh~p vilmm`mj lmd òvihohmtltàm ea~ ul~àxw tpvhw ae d`wlwth~wAntl`m lj~hhohmt am ~aihw-

4-

D~let l jhmh~`g vilm ea~ ~hgauh~p~hgauh~p- @mgixdh ~hihulmt gamt`mjhmgp vilmw lmd gamw`dh~ltàmw lmd wtlmdnp l~~lmjhohmtw ea~ ldo`m`wt~ltùh lgtàm lmd e`mlmg`mj `m tbh huhmt ae l d`wlwth~- Gamwxit z`tb jauh~mohmt dhvl~tohmtw `mth~hwthd a~jlm`{ltàmw nxw`mhwwhw lmd tbh vxni`g lmd hwtlni`wb l ohgblm`wo ea~ ~hghù`mj ~hu`hzw ldd~hww`mj gamgh~mw lmd ~hu`w`mj tbh dagxohmt-

8-

@mgixdh `m tbh jhmh~`g ~hgauh~p vilm l dhwg~`vtàm ae tbh v~aghww ta dhuhiav ~hgauh~p vilmw zbhm wvhgè`g huhmtw aggx~- Tb`w v~aghww wbaxid `mgixdh i`mcljhw lmd ohgblm`wow ea~ gaa~d`mltàm nhtzhhm ljhmg`hw loamj ihuhiw ae jauh~mohmt lmd z`tb tbh v~ùlth whgta~ lmd tbh vxni`g lw zhii lw wpwthow ea~ gaooxm`glt`mj w`txltàm `mea~oltàm mhhdw lmd a~dh~w ta lmd e~ao tbawh `m gbl~jh-

5-

L~~lmjh ea~ ldavtàm lmd w`jm`mj ae tbh e`mli jhmh~`g vilm np ~hv~hwhmtltùhw ae lii leehgthd a~jlm`{ltàmwa~jlm`{ltàmw-

:-

Vxni`wb lmd z`dhip d`wwho`mlth tbh jhmh~`g ~hgauh~p vilm lmd v~aoath `tw olka~ v~`mg`vihw-

2-

Hwtlni`wb v~aghwwhw ea~ thwt`mj hrh~g`w`mj lmd ~hu`w`mj tbh vilm `m lgga~dlmgh z`tb gblmj`mj g`~gxowtlmghw lmd ~h|x`~hohmtw-

4

Whgta~w ldd~hwwhd `m ~hgauh~p vilmm`mj

Waoh whgta~w tpv`gliip ldd~hwwhd `m l ~hgauh~p vilm l~h; •

•

•

^hblnì`tltàm!~hgauh~p ae `me~lwt~xgtx~h lmd g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw; Tbh ~lv`d ~hblnì`tltàm ae ga~h `me~lwt~xgtx~h wxgb lw v~òl~p ~aldw n~`djhw zlth~ wxvvip lmd wlm`tltàm wpwthow v~òl~p vazh~ jhmh~ltàm lmd d`wt~`nx/ tàm elgì`t`hw `~~`jltàm lmd lj~`gxitx~li elgì`t`hw bhlitb hdxgltàm lmd atbh~ wag`li elgì`t`hw zìi ihld ta hga/ mao`g ~hu`tli`{ltàm ae tbh leehgthd ~hjàm- Tbh chp ea~ lm heehgtùh ~hblnì`tltàm v~aj~looh `w lm lggx~lth lmd tba~axjb dloljh lwwhwwohmt zb`gb zìi v~au`dh tbh mhghwwl~p `mea~oltàm am zbp `me~lwt~xgtx~h zlw dloljhd a~ dhwt~aphd lmd zìi dhth~o`mh tbh ohtbad ea~ `mgixd`mj ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m ~hblnì`tltàm lmd ~hgam/ wt~xgtàmHoviapohmt lmd iùhi`baadw; Wxvva~t lj~`gxitx~h lmd iùhwtagc v~adxgtàm tb~axjb tbh v~au`wàm ae whhdw taaiw o`g~ag~hd`tw lmd atbh~ ohlmw- Wxvva~t wolii nxw`mhww np v~au`d`mj g~hd`tw a~ tb~axjb atbh~ ohlmwWxvva~t ~hgamwt~xgtàm ae tbh baxw`mj whgta~ xw`mj iagli thgbmaiaj`hw gamwt~xgtàm olth~`liw lmd iagli cmaz/ baz `m a~dh~ ta hmwx~h tblt gamwt~xgtàm lgtù`t`hw bluh l d`~hgt vaw`tùh òvlgt xvam tbh iagli hgamaopWxvva~t jhmh~ltàm ae wba~t/th~o jhmdh~/whmw`tùh lith~mltùh hoviapohmt ta gaovhmwlth iawt iùhi`baadw `m tbh òohd`lth vawt/d`wlwth~ vh~àdBaxw`mj; Baxw`mj ~hblnì`tltàm!~hgamwt~xgtàm `w l chp hihohmt `m giaw`mj tbh jlv nhtzhhm hoh~jhmgp ~hi`he lmd wxwtl`mlnih ~hgauh~p- @t `w l e`~wt wthv tazl~d ~hlgtùlt`mj tbh v~adxgtùh hgamaop- Nxìd`mj tbh glvlg`tp


<<:


BEL

4-: Hulixlth ihjli `mwt`txtàmli lmd vai`gp e~lohza~c

ae iagli lxtba~`t`hw ta v~aoath wxvh~u`wh lmd jx`dh vilmm`mj lmd gamwt~xgtàm v~aghwwhw bhivw hmwx~h l wxg/ ghwwexi lmd wxwtl`mlnih ~hgamwt~xgtàm v~aghww- Iagli lxtba~`t`hw wbaxid nh hmlnihd ta wht xv ihj`wiltùh lmd ~hjxilta~p e~lohza~cw ta v~aoath iagli `m`t`ltùhw lmd iagli `muaiuhohmt `m vilmm`mj lmd gamwt~xgtàm `wwxhw^hwhttihohmt ae eloì`hw; L math ae glxtàm am ~hwhttihohmt / aethm `m tbh leth~oltb ae l d`wlwth~ hrvh~tw lmd jauh~mohmt aee`g`liw v~aoath l wleh~ iagltàm ea~ whttihohmt ae vhavih lt ~`wc- Hrvh~`hmgh wbazw bazhuh~ tblt ~hwhttihohmt ae vavxiltàmw am mhz w`thw v~hwhmtw olka~ gbliihmjhw lmd aethm ihldw ta ~hwhttihd vhavih ~htx~m`mj nlgc ta tbh`~ a~`j`mli w`thw-

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@t `w òva~tlmt tblt wcìihd vhavih e~ao tbh eaiiaz`mj whgta~w l~h vl~t ae tbh vilm dhuhiavohmt thlo wa tblt ~hgauh~p nhgaohw lm `mthj~lthd gaovamhmt ae tbh vilmm`mj lmd v~hvl~hdmhww v~aghww•

E`mlmgh vilmm`mj x~nlm lmd `me~lwt~xgtx~h jauh~mohmt o`m`wt~`hw-

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MJAw-

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V~ùlth gamwt~xgtàm `mdxwt~p-

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Ga~va~lth whgta~w-

Zblt gamd`tàmw elgì`tlth tbh tlwc1

Tbh eaiiaz`mj lgtàmw glm elgì`tlth tbh `mthj~ltàm ae ~hgauh~p `mta d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww lgtù`t`hw; •

Lggx~lth ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw lmd dhuhiavohmt ae i`chip d`wlwth~ wghml~àwVl~t`g`vltàm ae lxtba~`t`hw e~ao v~au`mg`li lmd iagli ihuhiw z`tb hrhgxtùh lxtba~`tp ea~ vilmm`mj lmd òvih/ ohmt`mj vawt/d`wlwth~ ~hgauh~p lmd ~hgamwt~xgtàm vilmw-

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Eagxw am tbh vl~t`g`vlta~p lwvhgt ae tbh vilmm`mj v~aghww oa~h tblm tbh ~hwxit`mj vilmw zb`gb zìi eawth~ tbh nxp/`m mhghwwl~p ea~ heehgtùh vilm òvihohmtltàm-

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Lnì`tp ta `muaiuh e`mlmgh lmd nxdjht`mj lxtba~`t`hw ta hl~ol~c ~hwax~ghw xve~amt ea~ d`wlwth~ ~hgauh~p-

D- @iixwt~ltàmw Ihwwamw am heehgtùh d`wlwth~ ~hgauh~p olmljhohmt eaiiaz`mj tza hl~tb|xlchw) @md`l

L gaovl~`wam ae ~hgauh~p wt~lthj`hw leth~ tza hl~tb|xlchw `m @md`l v~au`dhw xwhexi ihwwamw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~hgauh~p vilmm`mj- Tbh g`tp ae Iltx~ `m tbh d`wt~`gt ae Olbl~lwbt~l @md`l hrvh~`hmghd lm hl~tb|xlch `m Whvthonh~ <007Eaiiaz`mj tbh hl~tb|xlch tbh d`wt~`gt jauh~mohmt wht xv tbh Olbl~lwbt~l Hoh~jhmgp Hl~tb|xlch ^hblnì`tltàm V~aj~looh "OHH^V)- OHH^V ~hva~thd ta tbh gb`he O`m`wth~ lmd gb`he Whg~htl~p ae tbh d`wt~`gt- @t zlw `mwt~xohmtli `m tbh ~lv`d gaovihtàm ae tbh hl~tb|xlch ~hblnì`tltàm v~akhgt- Bazhuh~ leth~ tbh v~akhgt*w gaovihtàm OHH^V zlw d`wnlmdhd- @m `tw zlch tbh jauh~mohmt g~hlthd l mhz d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt ghmt~h `m lm hr`wt`mj dhvl~tohmt ae ~hi`he lmd ~hblnì`tltàm- Litbaxjb OHH^V dhuhiavhd olmp d`wlwth~ o`t`jltàm vilmw ea~ d`wt~`gtw `mgixd`mj ea~ Oxonl` g`tp lmd ihl~mhd ulixlnih ihwwamw `m d`wlwth~ o`t`jltàm tbhwh zh~h mat `mwt`txtàmli`{hd- Bhmgh zbhm Oxonl` zlw eiaadhd `m >664 tbh ihuhi ae v~hvl~hdmhww lmd ~hwvamwh bld mat nhmhe`thd-

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Hulixlth ihjli `mwt`txtàmli lmd vai`gp e~lohza~c 4-:

@m gamt~lwt zbhm lm hl~tb|xlch b`t Jxkl~lt Wtlth `m >66< tbh Jxkl~lt Wtlth D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt Lxtba~`tp "JWDOL) zlw b`jbip heehgtùh `m tbh ~hgauh~p vblwh- Whuh~li ~hlwamw hr`wt ea~ JWDOL*w wxgghww- E`~wt `t `w olmljhd np whmà~ wtlth jauh~mohmt aee`g`liw- Whgamd `t `w i`mchd ta i`mh dhvl~tohmtw lmd blw lm `mdhvhmdhmt e`mlmg`li lmd hrhgxtùh lxtba~`tp ta d`wnx~wh exmdw lmd ta ~hu`hz v~aj~hww lw zhii lw ta tlch ga~~hgtùh vai`gp ohlwx~hw nlwhd am e`hid lwwhwwohmtw- Tb`~d `t `w lnih ta xwh tbh hr`wt`mj e`hid ljhmg`hw ae tbh wtlth jauh~mohmtw wxgb lw tbh i`mh dhvl~tohmtw ae vxni`g za~cw hdxgltàm bhlitb lmd zlth~ wxvvip ta òvihohmt v~aj~loohw- Tbh JWDOL gamt`mxhd leth~ tbh giawx~h ae tbh Jxkl~lt V~akhgt nhgao`mj tbh vh~olmhmt d`wlwth~ v~huhmtàm lmd olmljhohmt a~jlm`{ltàm ae tbh wtlth- Tb`w blw hmwx~hd tblt ihwwamw ihl~mhd bluh nhhm `mwt`txtàmli`{hd `mta tbh wtlth*w d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt vilmwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; V~luhhm Vl~dhwb` |xathd e~ao; LD^G XM!@WD^ XMDVXMDV- Ihl~m`mj e~ao D`wlwth~ ^hgauh~p- Hd @- Dlu`w- Hrvhgthd vxni`gltàm ae tbh @mth~mltàmli ^hgauh~p Viltea~o >66:-

Baxw`mj whgta~; nxìd`mj glvlg`tp lmd gaooxm`tp tb~axjb d`wlwth~ ~hgauh~p) Oamtwh~~lt

@m Whvthonh~ <020 Bx~~`glmh Bxja wt~xgc tbh wolii Gl~`nnhlm `wilmd ae Oamtwh~~lt cìi`mj << vhavih lmd hmlgt`mj hrthmwùh vbpw`gli dloljh- Bxja dloljhd 02 vh~ ghmt ae tbh `wilmd*w baohw lmd ihet 7666 vhavih "l |xl~th~ ae tbh vavxiltàm) baohihww- H`jbt oamtbw ilth~ tb~hh a~jlm`{ltàmw ka`mhd ea~ghw ta bhiv ~hnxìd amh Oamtwh~~lt gaooxm`tp tbh vaa~ uìiljh ae Wt~hltblo- Wt~hltblo bld whhm lioawt lii `tw baxwhw whuh~hip dloljhd a~ dhwt~aphd np tbh bx~~`glmh- @m ~hwvamwh lm `mth~mltàmli dhuhiavohmt MJA "Glmld`lm Xmùh~w`tp Wtxdhmtw A~jlm`{ltàm / GXWA) lm `mth~ohd`l~p MJA e~ao tbh hlwth~m Gl~`nnhlm "Gl~`nnhlm Gameh~hmgh ae Gbx~gbhw / GGG) lmd tbh Wt~hltblo gaooxm`tp lgtàm j~axv nhjlm l gaooxm`tp/nlwhd ~hnxìd`mj v~aj~looh za~c`mj z`tb iagli vhavih ta ea~o l baxw`mj lww`wtlmgh thloTbh v~aj~looh wbazhd natb wba~t/ lmd iamj/th~o ~hwxitw- @m tbh wba~t ~xm tbh thlo bhivhd ~hblnì`tlth Wt~hltblo*w wt~xgtx~hw; `t bhid t~l`m`mj za~cwbavw am ~hnxìd`mj lmd wt~xgtx~li wt~hmjtbhm`mj thgbm`|xhw nxìt >> baohw lmd ~hvl`~hd tbh whuh~hip dloljhd gaooxm`tp ghmt~h- Tbh v~aj~looh liwa wbazhd w`jmè`glmt iamj/ th~o dhuhiavohmtli lgb`huhohmtw- Tbh baxw`mj thlo ohonh~w taac j~hlt v~`dh `m tbh`~ za~c lmd tbh lgtàm j~axv*w `muaiuhohmt `m tbh v~aj~looh hmblmghd `tw òva~tlmgh- Uaixmthh~ lgtù`t`hw a~jlm`{hd np tbh lgtàm j~axv vawt/~hgauh~p ~hghùhd w`jmè`glmtip j~hlth~ vl~t`g`vltàm np iagli vhavihAm tb`w nlw`w tbh Glmld`lm Xmùh~w`tp Wtxdhmtw A~jlm`{ltàm dhg`dhd ta vxt ldd`tàmli exmd`mj `mta iagli dhuhiavohmt v~akhgtw `mt~adxg`mj mhz lj~`gxitx~li v~adxgtàm v~lgt`ghw lmd òv~au`mj zlth~ d`wt~`nxtàm- Tbhwh bld nhhm vilmmhd nhea~h tbh bx~~`glmh nxt auh~ l iamjh~ tòhwglih3 tbhp zh~h maz n~axjbt ea~zl~d- Tza phl~w leth~ Bxja tbh gaooxm`tp j~axv lvvhl~hd ta bluh hwtlni`wbhd lm hgamao`gliip u`lnih lj~`gxitx~li v~adxgtàm lmd ol~cht`mj gaavh~ltùhEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; Nh~ch V-^- lmd Nhltihp TT- <00:- Leth~ tbh Bx~~`glmh; I`mc`mj ^hgauh~p ta Wxwtl`mlnih Dhuhiavohmt `m tbh Gl~`nnhlm- Nlitòa~h OD lmd Iamdam; Kabmw Bavc`mw Xmùh~w`tp V~hww- vv2>/<<5-

^hblnì`tlt`mj g~`t`gli bhlitb elgì`t`hw) Jxltholil

Tbh bhlup ~l`melii e~ao >668*w Bx~~`glmh Wtlm `m tbh oaxmtl`maxw ~hjàmw ae Jxltholil glxwhd dhulwtlt`mj ilmdwi`dhw lmd z`dhwv~hld eiaad`mj liamj tbh galwt- Bhlitb ghmt~hw lmd bhlitb vawtw wxwtl`mhd waoh ae tbh oawt whuh~h dloljh- Z`tb olmp bhlitb ghmt~hw li~hldp `m l v~hgl~àxw wtlth dxh ta ilgc ae ol`mthmlmgh tbh ~l`mw dhwt~aphd a~ dloljhd tbh ~aaew lmd tbh ~hwxitlmt ihlcw lw zhii lw ~hilthd eiaad`mj dloljhd hihgt~`gli wpwthow lmd h|x`vohmt Leth~ tbh bx~~`glmh tbh Jxltholil O`m`wt~p ae Bhlitb z`tb wxvva~t e~ao VLBA!ZBA xmdh~taac dloljh lwwhwwohmt lmd ~ht~ae`tt`mj ea~ 46 bhlitb ghmt~hw `m tbh whuhm bl~dhwt/b`t dhvl~tohmtw- Tbh O`m`wt~p tlìa~hd ~hvl`~w lmd gbawh iagltàmw wvhgè`gliip ta dhg~hlwh extx~h uximh~lnì`tp ta bx~~`glmh a~ eiaad- Mhz ~aaew zh~h


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BEL

4-: Hulixlth ihjli `mwt`txtàmli lmd vai`gp e~lohza~c

v~avh~ip whgx~hd dazmwvaxtw lmd d~l`mljh glmliw zh~h lddhd hihgt~`gli wpwthow zh~h ~hvl`~hd lmd thwthd lmd `m elgì`t`hw tblt zh~h mat leehgthd zlth~ lmd wlm`tltàmw wpwthow zh~h gbhgchd ta olch wx~h tbhp zaxid mat nh leehgthd `m tbh mhrt d`wlwth~ Lw vl~t ae VLBA!ZBA*w gaoo`tohmt ta wleh bawv`tliw tblt a~jlm`{ltàm `w za~c`mj ta ~hdxgh gaxmt~`hw* mhhd ea~ wxgb ~hblnì`tltàmw `m tbh extx~h- Z`tb ~hjàmli bhlitb lmd wt~xgtx~li hmj`mhh~`mj hrvh~tw VLBA!ZBA `w dhuhiav`mj lm hlwp/ta/xwh gaovxth~ oadhi ta ~lmc l bhlitb elgì`tp*w ihuhi ae ~`wc lmd uximh~lnì`tp nhea~h l d`wlwth~ b`tw- Tbh v~aj~looh lxtaolthw lmd wtlmdl~d`{hw tbh hulixltàm ae elgì`t`hw* wt~xgtx~li mam/wt~xgtx~li lmd exmgtàmli wlehtp `mg~hlw`mj wxgb hulixltàmw* heehgtùhmhww- @t `w nh`mj dhuhiavhd `m Wvlm`wb lmd Hmji`wb lmd zìi nh e`hid thwthd `m Gxnl Ohr`ga Wt- Ixg`l lmd Wt- U`mghmt lmd tbh J~hmld`mhwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; VLBA!ZBA- D`wlwth~w; V~hvl~hdmhww lmd O`t`jltàm `m tbh Loh~`glw- @wwxh <68; Agtanh~ >665- vv >/4-

H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj LD^G XM!@WD^ lmd XMDV- >665- @mth~mltàmli ^hgauh~p Viltea~o; Ihl~m`mj e~ao D`wlwth~ ^hgauh~p- Hd- @Dlu`w- V~hiò`ml~p Vazh~Va`mt v~hwhmtltàm; zzz-ld~g-a~-kv!`~v!vde!V~ae-(>6Dlu`wQChpmath-vde Nbltt O-^- >668- .Ihl~m`mj e~ao ^hgauh~p.- @m Cmaz ^`wc- Xm`thd Mltàmw!Txda~ âwh- vv 7866<- Za~id D`wlwth~w ^hva~t; Eagxw`mj am ^hgauh~p- zzz-è~g-a~j!vxni`glt!zd~>66665- Bai`wt`g D`wlwth~ ^hgauh~p; @dhlw ea~ Nxìd`mj Iagli Wxwtl`mlnì`tp leth~ l Mltx~li D`wlwth~zzz-~`wc`mwt`txth-a~j!VH^@!VT^!D`wlwth~#OlmljhohmtQVT^Q<67:-bto Tbh Mltx~li Bl{l~dw Ghmth~ lt tbh Xmùh~w`tp ae Gaia~lda Naxidh~ Xm`thd Wtlthw ae Loh~`gl lmd tbh Vxni`g Hmt`tp ^`wc @mwt`txth "VH^@) bluh ~hu`whd "`m >665) tbh >66< uh~wàm ae tb`w blmdnaac- @t d`wgxwwhw `mga~va~ltàm ae tbh v~`mg`vihw ae wxwtl`mlnì`tp / h-j- hmu`~amohmtli |xli`tp hgamao`g u`tli`tp |xli`tp ae ièh wag`li h|x`tp g`t`{hm vl~t`g`vltàm lmd d`wlwth~ ~hwì`hmgp / `mta ~hgauh~p v~aghwwhwTz`jj K- >664- Jaad V~lgt`ghw ^hu`hz D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm O`t`jltàm lmd V~hvl~hdmhww `m Dhuhiav`mj lmd Hoh~jhmgp v~aj~loo`mj- Jaad V~lgt`gh ^hu`hz Ma- 0- Iamdam; Auh~whlw Dhuhiavohmt @mwt`txthXMDV!NGV^- D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm lmd ^hgauh~p ea~ Wxwtl`mlnih Bxolm Dhuhiavohmt- Mhz Pa~c; XMDVzzz-xmdv-a~j!ngv~!d`w~hd!hmji`wb!vxni`gltàmw!auh~u`hz-bto XMDV!NGV^- >668- Vawt/D`wlwth~ ^hgauh~p / Jx`dhi`mhw "Uh~wàm <)zzz-xmdv-a~j!ngv~!d`w~hd!dagxohmtw!vxni`gltàmw!~hjàmw!loh~`gl!~hgauh~pQjx`dhi`mhwQhmj-vde Tbh dagxohmt v~au`dhw l gamghvtxli e~lohza~c jx`d`mj v~`mg`vihw lmd wthvw ta eaiiaz ta elgì`tlth ~hgauh~p vilmm`mj `m tbh leth~oltb ae l d`wlwth~Zhnw`thw

@mth~mltàmli ^hgauh~p Viltea~o "@^V); zzz-~hgauh~pviltea~o-a~j! Dltlnlwh am jaad v~lgt`ghw am ~hgauh~p Lw`lm D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm Ghmth~ "LD^G); zzz-ld~g-a~-kv!vxni`gltàmw!~hgauh~pQ~hva~tw!`mdhr-bto ^hjàmli lmd mltàmli ~hva~tw am ~hgauh~p lmd ~hgamwt~xgtàm

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Gblvth~ 8- Wt~hmjtbhm`mj v~hvl~hdmhww ea~ ~hwvamwh

Gblvth~ 8 Wt~hmjtbhm`mj v~hvl~hdmhww ea~ ~hwvamwh Bpaja E~lohza~c ea~ Lgtàm V~à~`tp 8

Wt~hmjtbhm d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww ea~ heehgtùh ~hwvamwh lt lii ihuhiwTbh wpwtholt`g `mga~va~ltàm ae ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lvv~algbhw `mta tbh òvihohmtltàm ae hoh~jhmgp v~hvl~hdmhww ~hwvamwh lmd ~hgauh~p v~aj~loohw `w amh ae tbh tb~hh Wt~lthj`g Jaliw ae tbh BEL- Huhm zbhm heehgtùh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ohlwx~hw l~h `m vilgh tbh~h zìi ~hol`m waoh ~hw`dxli hihohmt ae ~`wc tblt glmmat nh lua`dhd nhglxwh `t `w h`tbh~ taa gawtip a~ thgbm`gliip xmehlw`nih ta hiò`mlth- D`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww liwa dhliw z`tb ohlwx~hw lmd glvlg`t`hw ta ldd~hww tb`w ~hw`dxli lmd xmolmljhd ~`wcV~à~`tp 8 `w d`wt`mgtùh nhglxwh `t ~hv~hwhmtw tbh òva~tlmt i`mc nhtzhhm tbh amja`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lgtù`t`hw hilna~lthd `m V~à~`tp < tb~axjb 4 lmd tbh avh~ltàmli lnì`t`hw oawt aethm `dhmtè`hd z`tb hoh~jhmgp "a~ d`wlwth~) olmljhohmt- Tbh ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw axti`mhd `m V~à~`tp < tb~axjb 4 l~h gaovihohmtl~p ta lmd aethm òva~tlmt ta hoh~jhmgp olmljhohmt- V~à~`tp 8 gamgh~mw tbh avh~ltàmli daol`m zbh~h tbhwh ~hwvhgtùh `mth~hwtw lmd lnì`t`hw ohht- Wtlchbaidh~w n~`mj tajhtbh~ lnì`t`hw ea~ vilmm`mj v~hvl~hdmhww ae vhavih lmd elgì`t`hw vxni`g xmdh~wtlmd`mj lmd gaooxm`gltàm lmd gamt~`nxth tbh`~ hrvh~`hmghw ta tbh n~aldh~ wt~lthj`g vai`g`hw ~hilthd ta d`wlwth~ lmd ~`wc olmljhohmtTb`w `muaiuhw wt~hmjtbhm`mj ae vai`gp thgbm`gli lmd `mwt`txtàmli glvlg`t`hw3 wxvva~t ae d`liajxh3 `mea~oltàm hrgblmjh3 gaa~d`mltàm lmd wtlchbaidh~ hmjljhohmt3 tbh ~hu`hz lmd xvdlt`mj ae d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww lmd gamt`mjhmgp vilmw lmd vai`g`hw3 lmd tbh dhuhiavohmt ae hoh~jhmgp exmd`mj ohgblm`wow^hlgb`mj lm heehgtùh v~hvl~hdmhww ihuhi z`tb tbh lnì`tp ta dhe`mh lmd gl~~p axt v~hvl~hdmhww lmd gamt`mjhmgp vilmw ~h|x`~hw gh~tl`m eaxmdltàmw tblt l~h ldd~hwwhd `m Gblvth~w < tb~axjb 4 ae tb`w Jx`dhWt~hmjtbhmhd `mwt`txtàmli wt~xgtx~h glvlg`t`hw lmd lvv~auhd ihj`wiltàm e~lohza~cw `mgixd`mj ~hwax~ghw liiagltàm "Gblvth~ <) l~h tbh nlw`w ae oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ v~hvl~hdmhww ohlwx~hw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw- ^`wc `dhmtè`gltàm `mgixd`mj bl{l~d oam`ta~`mj uximh~lnì`tp lmlipw`w lmd hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow "Gblvth~ >) v~au`dhw tbh taaiw ea~ v~hvl~hdmhww lmd gamt`mjhmgp vilmm`mj- Vxni`g lzl~hmhww cmazihdjh dhuhiavohmt lmd gaooxm`gltàm wpwthow "Gblvth~ 7) elgì`tlth tbh xmdh~wtlmd`mj lmd lnì`tp ta lvvip v~hvl~hdmhww lmd gamt`mjhmgp vilmw- Tbh `dhmtè`gltàm ae ldd`tàmli lmd xmdh~ip`mj ~`wc elgta~w "Gblvth~ 4) gamt~`nxthw ta ~he`m`mj v~hvl~hdmhww lmd gamt`mjhmgp ohlwx~hw lmd vilmw@ovihohmt`mj V~à~`tp 8 ~h|x`~hw l gaooam xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae zblt gamwt`txthw lm heehgtùh d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww wpwtho / `mgixd`mj lm xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc elgta~w- L d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww vilm lmd v~aj~looh wbaxid gauh~ tbh lwwhwwohmt lmd wt~hmjtbhm`mj ae hr`wt`mj vai`gp thgbm`gli lmd `mwt`txtàmli glvlg`t`hw3 tbh wt~hmjtbhm`mj ae olmljhohmt lmd gaa~d`mltàm wt~xgtx~hw "`mgixd`mj lj~hhohmtw z`tb atbh~ gaxmt~`hw)3 ohgblm`wow ea~ tbh gaa~d`mltàm lmd hrgblmjh ae `mea~oltàm lmd hl~ip zl~m`mjw3 gamt`mjhmgp vilmm`mj lmd ~hwvamwh ~hld`mhww wxgb lw hulgxltàm lmd wtlmdnp l~~lmjhohmtw ea~ tbh v~au`wàm ae hwwhmt`li wh~u`ghw lmd wxvvi`hw3 lmd tbh vh~àd`g ~hu`hz ~hbhl~wli lmd oadè`gltàm ae tbh vilm z`tb tbh lgtùh vl~t`g`vltàm lmd azmh~wb`v ae ~hihulmt wtlchbaidh~w `mgixd`mj gaooxm`t`hw `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm-


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8


E`mliip v~hvl~hdmhww ea~ heehgtùh ~hwvamwh ~h|x`~hw tbh liiagltàm ae mhghwwl~p e`mlmg`li ~hwax~ghw `mgixd`mj lm hoh~jhmgp exmdWtlthw glm xmdh~tlch l mxonh~ ae tlwcw ta òvihohmt V~à~`tp 8- Tb`w gblvth~ ~hgaoohmdw tbh eaiiaz`mj tlwcw; 8-<- Dhuhiav l gaooam xmdh~wtlmd`mj lmd lgtù`t`hw `m wxvva~t ae d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww8->- Lwwhww d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww glvlg`t`hw lmd ohgblm`wow8-7- Wt~hmjtbhm vilmm`mj lmd v~aj~loo`mj ea~ d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww-

Tbh eaiiaz`mj `md`glta~w l~h wxjjhwthd lw vaww`nih ohlmw ea~ lwwhww`mj v~aj~hww `m òvihohmt`mj tb`w v~à~`tp; Lm `mdhvhmdhmt lwwhwwohmt ae d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww glvlg`t`hw lmd ohgblm`wow blw nhhm xmdh~tlchm lmd tbh ~hwvamw`nì`tp ea~ òvihohmtltàm ae `tw ~hgaoohmdltàmw bluh nhhm lww`jmhd lmd ~hwax~ghd•

D`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww vilmw lmd gamt`mjhmgp vilmw l~h `m vilgh lt lii ldo`m`wt~ltùh ihuhiw lmd ~hjxil~ t~l`m/ `mj d~ìiw lmd ~hbhl~wliw l~h bhid ta thwt lmd dhuhiav d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh v~aj~loohw-

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Lii a~jlm`{ltàmw vh~wammhi lmd uaixmthh~w ~hwvamw`nih ea~ ol`mtl`m`mj v~hvl~hdmhww l~h h|x`vvhd lmd t~l`mhd ea~ heehgtùh d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww lmd ~hwvamwh-

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E`mlmg`li ~hwh~uhw lmd gamt`mjhmgp ohgblm`wow l~h `m vilgh ta wxvva~t heehgtùh ~hwvamwh lmd ~hgauh~p zbhm ~h|x`~hdV~aghdx~hw l~h `m vilgh ta dagxohmt hrvh~`hmgh dx~`mj bl{l~d huhmtw lmd d`wlwth~w lmd ta xmdh~tlch vawt/ huhmt ~hu`hzw-

"Math; L gaovihohmtl~p vlgcljh ae jx`dhi`mhw lmd `md`glta~w ea~ d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww `w nh`mj dhuhiavhd xmdh~ tbh lxwv`ghw am tbh @mth~/Ljhmgp Wtlmd`mj Gaoo`tthh "@LWG) am bxolm`tl~`lm lww`wtlmgh lmd xmdh~ tbh gaa~d`mltàm ae tbh AGBL-)

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8-<

BEL

Dhuhiav l gaooam xmdh~wtlmd`mj lmd lgtù`t`hw `m wxvva~t ae d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhw v~hvl~hdmhwww


Tb`w tlwc whhcw ta dhuhiav l gaooam xmdh~wtlmd`mj lmd lgtù`t`hw `m wxvva~t ae v~hvl~hdmhww np n~`mj`mj tajhtbh~ wtlchbaidh~w `muaiuhd `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd hoh~jhmgp olmljhohmt- @m d~lz`mj tajhtbh~ tbhwh wtlchbaidh~w `t bavhw ta z`dhm tbh`~ lvv~hg`ltàm ae lii ae tbh ehltx~hw ae heehgtùh d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhwwZbp `t*w òva~tlmt

L gaooam xmdh~wtlmd`mj lmd gaa~d`mlthd lgtù`t`hw `m wxvva~t ae heehgtùh v~hvl~hdmhww l~h òva~tlmt nhglxwh hrvh~`hmgh blw wbazm tblt heehgtùh d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh dhvhmdw am tbh hrthmt ta zb`gb dùh~wh lgta~w lmd hmt`t`hw v~hvl~h lmd avh~lth `m l gaa~d`mlthd lmd tòhip olmmh~ lua`d`mj jlvw dxvi`gltàmw ae heea~t lmd vl~liihi wt~xgtx~hw- Dèeh~hmt vai`t`gli gxitx~li lmd wagà/ hgamao`g hmu`~amohmtw mhghww`tlth dèeh~hmt `mwt`txtàmli l~~lmjhohmtw lmd gaa~d`mltàm ohgblm`wow nxt zblthuh~ tbh whtt`mj heehgtùh olmljhohmt lmd gaa~d`mltàm ~h|x`~h gil~`tp am exmgtàmw lmd lxtba~`tp l gihl~ dù`wàm ae ilnax~ lmd ihldh~wb`v tblt `mwv`~hw lmd `w lggaxmtlnih- Heehgtùh olmljhohmt `mgixdhw gaa~d`mltàm nhtzhhm iagli lmd ghmt~li lxtba~`t`hw nhtzhhm `mth~mli lmd hrth~mli lgta~w lmd z`tb`m lmd nhtzhhm whgta~w L w`jmè`glmt ehltx~h ae lm heehgtùh v~hvl~hdmhww wpwtho `w l wt~amj lvv~hg`ltàm ae zba `w uximh~lnih lmd zbp lmd ae ohlwx~hw tblt glm nh tlchm ta wt~hmjtbhm tbh ~hwì`hmgh ae d`wlwth~/v~amh gaooxm`t`hw `mgixd`mj `md`jhmaxw gav`mj ohgblm`wow- Tb`w vhavih/ghmt~hd lvv~algb mhhdw ta nh whmw`tùh ta jhmdh~ gxitx~h lmd atbh~ gamthrt/wvhgè`g `wwxhw tblt glm hovazh~ a~ xmdh~o`mh vl~t`gxil~ j~axvw lmd `mdù`dxliwTbh `mg~hlwhd vxni`g lzl~hmhww lmd vai`t`gli wxvva~t dx~`mj l d`wlwth~ huhmt v~au`dh lm òva~tlmt avva~txm`tp ta òv~auh lii hihohmtw ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm mat amip `m tbh òohd`lth ~hwvamwh lmd ~hgauh~p v~aj~loohw ea~ tbh leehgthd vhavih nxt liwa `m tbh amja`mj iamj/th~o lmd gaxmt~pz`dh ~`wc ~hdxgtàm v~aj~loohw- @mdù`dxli huhmtw glm nh glv`tli`{hd am tb~axjb wvhg`li vxni`g lzl~hmhww v~aj~loohw lmd tb~axjb dhnlth am `mg~hlwhd `muhwtohmt `m o`t`jltàm lmd d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww `m`t`ltùhw-


Th~o`maiajp Hoh~jhmgp olmljhohmt; Tbh

a~jlm`{ltàm lmd olmljhohmt ae ~hwax~ghw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw ea~ dhli`mj z`tb lii lwvhgtw ae hoh~jhmg`hw `m vl~t`gxil~ip v~hvl~hdmhww ~hwvamwh lmd ~hblnì`tltàmHoh~jhmgp olmljhohmt `muaiuhw vilmw wt~xgtx~hw lmd l~~lmjhohmtw hwtlni`wbhd ta hmjljh tbh ma~oli hmdhluax~w ae jauh~mohmt uaixmtl~p lmd v~ùlth ljhmg`hw `m l gaov~hbhmwùh lmd gaa~d`mlthd zlp ta ~hwvamd ta tbh zbaih wvhgt~xo ae hoh~jhmgp mhhdwTb`w `w liwa cmazm lw d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp) V~hvl~hdmhww; V~h/d`wlwth~

lgtù`t`hw tblt l~h xmdh~tlchm z`tb`m tbh gamthrt ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt lmd l~h nlwhd am waxmd ~`wc lmlipw`w- Tb`w `mgixdhw tbh dhuhiavohmt!hmblmghohmt ae lm auh~lii v~hvl~hdmhww wt~lthjp vai`gp `mwt`txtàmli wt~xgtx~h zl~m`mj lmd ea~hglwt`mj glvlnì`t`hw lmd vilmw tblt dhe`mh ohlwx~hw jhl~hd ta bhiv`mj lt/~`wc gaooxm`t`hw wlehjxl~d tbh`~ iùhw lmd lwwhtw np nh`mj lih~t ta bl{l~dw lmd tlc`mj lvv~av~`lth lgtàm `m tbh elgh ae lm òo`mhmt tb~hlt a~ lm lgtxli d`wlwth~"Wax~gh; AGBL) ^hi`he!~hwvamwh; Tbh v~au`wàm ae

lww`wtlmgh a~ `mth~uhmtàm dx~`mj a~ òohd`lthip leth~ l d`wlwth~ ta ohht tbh ièh v~hwh~ultàm lmd nlw`g wxnw`wthmgh mhhdw ae tbawh vhavih leehgthd- @t glm nh ae lm òohd`lth wba~t/th~o a~ v~at~lgthd dx~ltàm- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp) <>7

8


8-< Dhuhiav l gaooam xmdh~wtlmd`mj lmd lgtù`t`hw `m wxvva~t ae d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww

BEL

Baz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw

Tbh lgtù`t`hw v~avawhd `m tb`w tlwc glm nh dhuhiavhd z`tb`m l il~jh~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm d`liajxh v~aghww wxgb lw l mltàmli viltea~o "Tlwcw <-< lmd <->)- ^hwxitw ae tb`w tlwc wbaxid nh `mga~va~lthd zbhm dhuhiav`mj tbh `mwt`txtàmli e~lohza~c ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm "Tlwc <-7) lmd zbhm `mwt`txtàmli`{`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd liiaglt`mj ~hwax~ghw "Tlwc <-4)- Tlwc >-< am ~`wc lwwhwwohmt lmd Tlwc >-7 am hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow l~h ae vl~t`gxil~ òva~tlmgh ta v~hvl~hdmhww lmd Tlwc 7-7 am dhuhiav`mj t~l`m`mjw ea~ wvhgè`g wtlchbaidh~w `w liwa ~hihulmt-


Ta nxìd l gaooam xmdh~wtlmd`mj lmd lgtù`t`hw `m wxvva~t ae v~hvl~hdmhww wtl~t np a~jlm`{`mj l d`liajxh nhtzhhm d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm lmd ~hwvamwh olmljh~w- @m whtt`mj xv wxgb l d`liajxh gamw`dh~ tbh eaiiaz`mj wthvw; <-

@dhmtèp chp wtlchbai @dhmtèp wtlchbaidh~w dh~w / tbawh zba zba bluh olmdlth olmdlthdd lxtba~`tp lxtba~`tp a~ zba atbh~z`wh atbh~z`wh wbaxid wbaxid vilp vilp l ~aih ~aih `m tbh tbh vilmm`mj v~aoatàm a~ òvihohmtltàm ae ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh wt~lthj`hw lmd v~aj~loohw-

>-

@dhmtèp hr`wt`mj ohgblm`wow lmd mhtza~cw ea~ natb ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh ta lwwhww zbh~h tbh d`liajxh `w nhwt lmgba~hd "h-j- l mltàmli viltea~o ea~ d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm)-

7-

@dhmtèp amh a~ oa~h ihld`mj `mwt`txtàmw a~ .gblovàmw.- Gblovàmw l~h ~hv~hwhmtltùhw ae tbh gaooxm`tp gaooxm`tp `meixhmt`li hmt`t`hw a~ vh~wamw `mth~hwthd `m `mthj~lt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd ~hwvamwh zba zìi`mj ta ihld `m olc`mj wxgb `mthj~ltàm l vxni`g v~à~`tp-

4-

Gamuhmh `mth~hwthd lmd leehgthd vl~t`hw-

8-

Lj~hh am l wbl~hd jali lmd gaooam ankhgtùhw wgavh ljhmdl za~c`mj l~~lmjhohmtw lmd j~axmd ~xihw-

5-

@dhmtèp v~à~`tp @dhmtèp v~à~`tp l~hlw l~hlw ea~ òv~au òv~auhd hd gaa~d`mltà gaa~d`mltàmm lmd `mthj~l `mthj~ltàm tàm wxgb wxgb lw `mwt`txt `mwt`txtàmli àmli l~~lmjho l~~lmjhohmtw hmtw i`mcljhw lmd `mea~oltàm hrgblmjh-

:-

Hwtlni`wb ka`mt za~c`mj j~axvw j~axvw a~ gaoo`tthhw ta za~c am tbh `dhmtè`hd v~à~`t`hwv~à~`t`hw-

2-

Hwtlni`wb l ohgblm`wo ea~ auh~lii gaa~d`mltàm ae tbh za~c heea~t `mgixd`mj whtt`mj lmd oam`ta~`mj ae oìhwtamhw lmd `mthj~ltàm ae axtvxtw-

0-

Dhuhiav lm l~~lmjhohmt ea~ wxwtl`m`mj tbh d`liajxh am l gamt`mx`mj nlw`w-

<6- Wht xv l wpwtho ea~ d`wwho`mlt`mj d`wgxwwàm ~hwxitw ta chp aee`g`liw vl~t`g`vlt`mj a~jlm`{ltàmw lmd tbh vxni`g lw zhii lw ea~ ~hghù`mj lmd lgt`mj am `mvxt e~ao tbawh axtw`dh tbh v~aghww-


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D`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm olmljh~w wxgb lw tbawh za~c`mj am ~`wc cmazihdjh lzl~hmhww/~l`w`mj hl~ip zl~m`mj lmd v~hvl~hdmhwwD`wlwth~ lmd ~hwvamwh olmljh~w wxgb lw tbawh `muaiuhd `m dhuhiav`mj v~hvl~hdmhww lmd gamt`mjhmgp vilmw lt ul~àxw ihuhiw lmd `m oanì`{`mj ~hwax~ghw lmd ~hwvamd`mj ta hoh~jhmg`hwZa~dw @mta Lgtàm; L Jx`dh ea~ @ovihohmt`mj @ovihohmt`mj tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c E~lohza~c


BEL

Dhuhiav l gaooam xmdh~wtlmd`mj lmd lgtù`t`hw `m wxvva~t ae d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww 8-<

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Jauh~mohmt ~hv~hwhmtltùhw-

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MJAw-

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Gùì wag`htp ohonh~w-

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V~ùlth whgta~ ~hv~hwhmtltùhw-


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Vai`t`gli gaoo`tohmt lmd wxvva~t ae natb d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm lmd d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh lxtba~`t`hw L i`wt ae wtlchbaidh~w òva~tlmt ta natb d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd ~hwvamwh `mgixd`mj tbh`~ ~aihw lmd ~hwvam/ w`nì`t`hw L olv a~ olt~`r ae amja`mj `m`t`ltùhw v~aj~looh v~aj~looh lmd vilmw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm v~hvl~hdmhww lmd d`wlw/ th~ ~hwvamwhGlvlg`t`hw lmd ~hwax~ghw ta lwwhww dhuhiav a~ wt~hmjtbhm ihj`wiltùh `mwt`txtàmli e~lohza~cwVl~t`g`vltàm ae chp wtlchbaidh~w a~jlm`{hd np ohlmw ae l gihl~ wt~lthjp lmd v~à~`t`hw ae lgtàm L gaooxm gaooxm`gltàm `gltàm elgì` elgì`tlta~ tlta~-Nlgcj~axmd `mea~oltàm ta v~hvl~h tbh d`wgxwwàm wxgb lw ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw `mgixd`mj jhmdh~/nlwhd lwwhwwohmtw lmd gaovìltàmw ae ilzw ~hjxiltàmw vai`g`hw wt~lthj`hw vilmw lmd ~hwax~ghw L wxool~p ae `mwt`txtàmli l~~lmjhohmtw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd ~hwvamwh ilmd/xwh lmd x~nlm vilm/ m`mj hgamao`g dhuhiavohmt lmd hmu`~amohmtli v~athgtàm-

D- @iixwt~ltàmw Gaooxm`tp/nlwhd v~hvl~hdmhww) @md`l

Zhwt Nhmjli*w hrvh~`hmgh z`tb gaooxm`tp/nlwhd v~hvl~hdmhww dhoamwt~lthw tbh nhmhe`tw ae `muaiu`mj natb ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lmd hoh~jhmgp olmljhohmt j~axvw `m ka`mt wtxdp lmd lgtàm- Tbh Jauh~mohmt ae Zhwt Nhmjli @md`l tajhtbh~ z`tb lm `mth~/ljhmgp j~axv dhuhiavhd l gaooxm`tp/nlwhd v~akhgt ta v~hvl~h ~hjàmli gaooxm`t`hw `mdù`dxliip lmd gaiihgtùhip ea~ l eiaad d`wlwth~ wòìl~ ta tbh amh tblt dhulwtlthd tbh ~hjàm `m >666- Tbh v~akhgt lwwxohd tblt gaooxm`t`hw bld ta iùh z`tb d`wlwth~w lmd tblt ma hrth~mli `mth~uhmtàm wbaxid gblmjh tbh`~ ièhwtpihw- @e gaooxm`t`hw zh~h v~hvl~hd bazhuh~ tbh ~hwvamwhw lmd v~hvl~hdmhww tbhp `m`t`lthd zaxid nh oa~h heehgtùh `m ~hdxg`mj iawwhw lmd dloljhwXw`mj l vl~t`g`vlta~p lvv~algb hlgb gaooxm`tp v~hvl~hd lm lgtàm vilm- Tbh vilm `mgixdhd l gaooxm`tp uximh~lnì`tp olv zb`gb `dhmtè`hd wleh vilghw iaz/~`wc l~hlw b`jbip uximh~lnih l~hlw lmd tbh hwtòlthd mxonh~ ae eloì`hw ~hw`d`mj `m hlgb {amh lw zhii lw tbh mxonh~ lmd iagltàm ae uximh~lnih vavxiltàmw wxgb lw tbh ljhd d`wlnihd ilgtlt`mj oatbh~w v~hjmlmt zaohm wh~àxwip ìi vh~wamw lmd wolii gbìd~hm- Tbh vilm ohmtàmhd v~à~`tp wag`li hihohmtw lt ~`wc wxgb lw ièh bhlitb v~avh~tp iùhwtagc lmd iùhi`baad- @t i`wthd tbh ~hwax~ghw lt blmd lw zhii lw tbawh ~h|x`~hd ta n~`mj dazm tbh ihuhi ae ~`wc- Tbh vilm liwa axti`mhd chp lgtù`t`hw tblt tbh gaooxm`tp zaxid da nhea~h dx~`mj lmd leth~ l d`wlwth~Tbh v~akhgt v~auhd uh~p heehgtùh nlwhd am l gaovl~`wam ae dloljhw lmd iawwhw ea~ amh uìiljh e~ao tza eiaadw amh `m >666 lmd tbh atbh~ `m >664- @m >666 tbh uìiljh iawt auh~ :66 glttih zbìh `m >664 `t iawt mamh- @m >666 mhl~ip 7666 eloì`hw iawt a~ wxeeh~hd dloljh ta waoh ae tbh`~ ulixlnih dagxohmtw zbìh `m >664 mamh ae


<>8

8


8-< Dhuhiav l gaooam xmdh~wtlmd`mj lmd lgtù`t`hw `m wxvva~t ae d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww

BEL

tbh eloì`hw ~hva~thd lmp iaww a~ dloljh- @m lmatbh~ w`jmè`glmt lgb`huhohmt tbh uìiljh ~hi`hd v~òl~ìp am `twhie; hlgb eloìp bld wtagcvìhd eaad ea~ : ta <6 dlpw ta ohht `tw òohd`lth mhhdw- Ex~tbh~oa~h `m >664 tbh uìiljh hrvh~`hmghd lioawt ma axtn~hlc ae d`whlwh- Whh`mj baz tbh v~akhgt nhmhe`thd tbh gaooxm`tp hwvhg`liip tbh vaa~ lmd oawt uximh~lnih j~axvw iagli lxtba~`t`hw ~h|xhwthd hrvlmwàm ae tb`w v~akhgt ta atbh~ uximh~lnih l~hlwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t XM@GHE zhnw`th lt; bttv;!!zzz-xm`ghe-a~j!hulixltàm!eìhw!el8Q`md`lQgaooxm`tpnlwhdQd`wlwth~Qv~hvl~hdmhww"<)-dag

H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj @LWG ^heh~hmgh J~axv am Gamt`mjhmgp Vilmm`mj lmd V~hvl~hdmhww- >66<- @mth~/Ljhmgp Gamt`mjhmgp Vilmm`mj Jx`dhi`mhw ea~ Bxolm`tl~`lm Lww`wtlmgh- ^hgaoohmdltàmw ta tbh @mth~/Ljhmgp Wtlmd`mj Gaoo`tthh am <8 Mauhonh~- zzz-bxolm`tl~`lm`mea-a~j!`lwg!gamthmt!v~adxgtw!dagw!@LGamt`mjhmgpVilmJx`dh-vde Tbhwh jx`dhi`mhw l~h dhw`jmhd ta v~au`dh l gaooam `mth~/ljhmgp ohtbadaiajp ea~ gamt`mjhmgp vilmm`mj lmd ta hmwx~h heehgtùh ~hwvamwh ta bxolm`tl~`lm mhhdw lt tbh amwht ae l g~`w`w- Tbhp wxjjhwt l w`r/wthv vilmm`mj v~aghww l gbhgci`wt lmd l n~l`mwta~o`mj jx`dh loamj atbh~ taaiwWvbh~h V~akhgt- >664- Bxolm`tl~`lm Gbl~th~ lmd O`mòxo Wtlmdl~dw `m D`wlwth~ ^hwvamwh- >md Hd`tàmJhmhul; Wvbh~h V~akhgtzzz-wvbh~hv~akhgt-a~j!gaovamhmt!avtàmgaoQdagolm!tlwcgltQu`hz!j`d:6!@tho`d>5!ilmjHmji`wb! Tbh mhz hd`tàm ae tbh Wvbh~h Blmdnaac blw nhhm tba~axjbip ~hu`whd lmd xvdlthd tlc`mj `mta lggaxmt ~hghmt dhuhiavohmtw `m bxolm`tl~`lm v~lgt`gh- Tbh Blmdnaac glm nh dazmialdhd `m Hmji`wb E~hmgb Wvlm`wb L~ln`g ^xww`lm lmd h`jbt atbh~ ilmjxljhwZhnw`thw

Tbh Wvbh~h V~akhgt / zzz-wvbh~hv~akhgt-a~j Tb`w zhnw`th aeeh~w `m ldd`tàm ta tbh Wvbh~h Blmdnaac ulwt `mea~oltàm am wtlmdl~dw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh t~l`m`mj olth~`li lmd `mea~oltàm am xvgao`mj huhmtw^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt Ghmt~h am Giòlth Gblmjh lmd D`wlwth~ V~hvl~hdmhww / zzz-giòlthghmt~h-a~j Wxvva~tw Mltàmli ^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt Wag`ht`hw ta ~hdxgh auh~ tòh tbh iaww ae ièh lmd tbh dloljh damh ta tbh iùhi`baadw ae vhavih leehgthd np tbh òvlgtw ae giòlth gblmjh lmd hrt~hoh zhltbh~ huhmtw-

<>5



8->

BEL

Lwwhww d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww glvlg`t`hw lmd ohgblm`wow


Tb`w tlwc lòw ta lwwhww gx~~hmt wpwthow lmd hr`wt`mj ~hwax~ghw `dhmtèp`mj axtwtlmd`mj mhhdw ea~ heehgtùh d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh- Tbh hulixltàm wbaxid gamw`dh~ lulìlnih ~hwax~ghw hr`wt`mj glvlg`t`hw avh~ltàmli vilmw lmd v~aghdx~hw lw zhii lw gaooxm`gltàm lmd gaa~d`mltàm wpwthow lt huh~p ihuhi- @t wbaxid liwa gamw`dh~ ~hgauh~p lmd ~hgamwt~xgtàm wt~lthj`hwZbp `t*w òva~tlmt

L glvlg`tp lwwhwwohmt v~au`dhw tbh cmazihdjh nlwh lmd oatùltàm ea~ olc`mj òv~auhohmtw `m d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww ohgblm`wow- Glvlg`tp lwwhwwohmtw glm ~huhli b`ddhm lwwhtw ~hwax~ghw lmd wcìiw tb~axjbaxt jauh~mohmt ljhmg`hw lmd gùì wag`htp wa tblt tbhp olp nh xwhd ta ohht v~hvl~hdmhww ~hwvamwh lmd ~hgauh~p mhhdw- Olka~ dhe`g`hmg`hw glm liwa nh xmgauh~hd lmd oldh cmazm wvx~~`mj ga~~hgtùh lgtàmwBaz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw

Tb`w tlwc `w giawhip ~hilthd ta za~c vh~ea~ohd ea~ oawt wtljhw ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- @t `w i`mchd ta dhuhiav`mj d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm t~l`m`mj ea~ wvhgè`g j~axvw ae wtlchbaidh~w "Tlwc 7-7) lmd hmblmg`mj tbh d`wwho`mltàm lmd xwh ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mea~oltàm "Tlwc 7-4)- @t liwa v~au`dhw l nlw`w ea~ Tlwc 8-7 wt~hmjtbhm`mj vilmm`mj lmd v~aj~loo`mj ea~ d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww Lw vl~t ae lwwhww`mj v~hvl~hdmhww glvlg`t`hw tb`w tlwc wxjjhwtw hulixltàmw wòìl~ ta tbawh vh~ea~ohd `m Gblvth~w
Th~o`maiajp gaon`mltàm ltàm ae ae lii Glvlg`tp; L gaon`m tbh wt~hmjtbw lmd ~hwax~ghw lulìlnih z`tb`m l gaooxm`tp wag`htp a~ a~jlm`{ltàm tblt glm ~hdxgh tbh ihuhi ae ~`wc a~ tbh heehgtw ae l d`wlwth~- Glvlg`tp olp `mgixdh vbpw`gli `mwt`txtàmli wag`li a~ hgamao`g ohlmw lw zhii lw wcìihd vh~wamli a~ gaiihgtùh ltt~`nxthw wxgb lw ihldh~wb`v lmd olmljhohmt- Glvlg`tp olp liwa nh dhwg~`nhd lw glvlnì`tp"Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp) Gav`mj glvlg`tp; Tbh ohlmw np

zb`gb vhavih a~ a~jlm`{ltàmw xwh lulìlnih ~hwax~ghw lmd lnì`t`hw ta elgh lduh~wh gamwh|xhmghw tblt gaxid ihld ta l d`wlwth~- @m jhmh~li tb`w `muaiuhw olmlj`mj ~hwax~ghw natb `m ma~oli tòhw lw zhii lw dx~`mj g~`whw a~ lduh~wh gamd`tàmw- Tbh wt~hmjtbhm`mj ae gav`mj glvlg`t`hw xwxliip nxìdw ~hwì`hmgh ta z`tbwtlmd tbh heehgtw ae mltx~li lmd bxolm/`mdxghd bl{l~dw- "Wax~gh; XM!@WD^ Th~o`maiajp)

8


L v~h~h|x`w`th ta g~hlt`mj lmp v~hvl~hdmhww wt~lthjp `w exii cmazihdjh ae hr`wt`mj ihjli lmd `mwt`txtàmli e~lohza~cw a~jlm`{ltàmw glvlg`t`hw vilmw lmd lgtù`t`hw `m ~`wc olmljhohmt lmd d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt- Ta lwwhww v~hvl~hdmhww glvlg`t`hw lmd ohgblm`wow; <-

Dhth~o`mh tbh wgavh ae tbh lwwhwwohmt "gbaawh tav`gw e~ao tbh v~avawhd |xhwtàm wht nhiaz)-


<>:


8-> Lwwhww d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww glvlg`t`hw lmd ohgblm`wow

BEL

>-

Jltbh~ `mea~oltàm `mea~oltàm tb~axjb ~hwhl~gb ae dagxohmtl~p wax~ghw / ilzw hrhgxtùh a~dh~w ~hjxiltàmw vai`g`hw wt~lthj`hw vilmw lmd l ~hu`hz ae `mwt`txtàmli l~~lmjhohmtw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh lmd ~hgauh~p-

7-

@mth~u`hz jauh~mohmt aee`g`liw lmd atbh~ chp wtlchbaidh~w `mgixd`mj iagli d`wlwth~ ~hwhl~gbh~w a~jlm`{ltàmw lmd hrvh~tw z`tb jhmdh~ hrvh~t`wh-

4-

^hu`hz vlwt d`wlwth~ hrvh~`hmghw lmd ihwwamw ihl~mhd lw ~huhlihd `m ~hwhl~gb wtxd`hw lmd ~hva~tw-

8-

@dhmtèp wt~amj lmd zhlc lwvhgtw ae hr`wt`mj glvlg`tp ea~ g~`t`gli exmgtàmw wxgb lw olmljhohmt ae `mea~oltàm gaooxm`gltàm gaoolmd lmd gamt~ai gaa~d`mltàm lmd dhiùh~p ae ohd`gli lmd atbh~ ièh/ v~athgt`mj wh~u`ghw-

5-

@dhmtèp òv~auhohmtw ta nh oldh avva~txm`t`hw avva~txm`t`hw ea~ ihl~m`mj lmd wt~hmjtbhm`mj hr`wt`mj wpwthow lmd gaiilna~ltàm z`tb `mth~mltàmli ~hjàmli mltàmli lmd iagli hmt`t`hw-

:-

V~hvl~h l ~hva~t z`tb wvhgè`g ~hgaoohmdltàmw ta eìi tbh jlvw lmd òv~auh glvlg`t`hw lt lii ihuhiw-

2-

D`wwho`mlth tbh ~hva~t z`dhip-

Vaww`nih lwwhwwohmt tav`gw lmd |xhwtàmw; "@)

Lwwhww `mwt`txtàmli glvlg`t`hw ea~ v~hvl~hdmhww; •

@w tbh~h l ihjli nlw`w tblt jùhw lxtba~`tp ta a~jlm`{ltàmw ta lgt1

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@w tbh~h lm `mwt`txtàmli ohgblm`wo a~ wpwtho `m vilgh z`tb`m tbh jauh~mohmt ea~ v~hvl~hdmhww1

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Dahw tbh wpwtho `m vilgh gamw`dh~ gaa~d`mltàm nhtzhhm dèeh~hmt ldo`m`wt~ltùh ihuhiw1

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@w tbh wpwtho wxee`g`hmtip dhghmt~li`{hd1 Da iagli nad`hw bluh wxee`g`hmt lxtamaop lmd ~hwax~ghw ta lggaovi`wb tbh`~ lgtù`t`hw1 Dahw tbh e~lohza~c lwc ea~ mltàmli nxdjht liiagltàm1 @e wa `w `t vh~olmhmt a~ gamt`mjhmt xvam d`wlw/ th~w1

"@@) Xmdh~wtlmd ~`wc lmd bl{l~d oam`ta~`mj ea~ v~hvl~hdmhww "whh Gblvth~ > ea~ oa~h dhtlì); •

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Dahw l ~`wc lmlipw`w v~aeìh hr`wt1 Dahw `t `mgixdh bl{l~d olvw uximh~lnì`tp lmlipw`w lmd òvlgt lwwhww/ ohmt1 L~h tbh~h bl{l~d olvw dhi`mhlthd np tpvh ae mltx~li tb~hlt lmd!a~ oxit`/bl{l~d olvw `md`glt`mj wglihw mltx~h iagltàm `mthmw`tp lmd v~anlnì`tp ae tb~hltw1 Dahw tbh ~`wc v~aeìh hwtlni`wb tbh hr`wthmgh lmd dhj~hh ae uximh~lnì`t`hw `mgixd`mj jhmdh~ lwvhgtw lmd ihuhi ae hrvawx~h ta wvhgè`g bl{l~dw1 @w tbh~h l wghml~à lmlipw`w ea~ dèeh~hmt bl{l~d lmd uximh~lnì`tp elgta~w1 @e wa `w `t ~hjxil~ip xvdlthd1

"@@@) Lwwhww `mea~oltàm olmljhohmt lmd gaooxm`gltàm ea~ v~hvl~hdmhww "whh Gblvth~ 7 ea~ oa~h dhtlì); •

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<>2

Dahw lm `mea~oltàm olmljhohmt viltea~o a~ wòìl~ wt~xgtx~h hr`wt1 Dahw `t `mgixdh `mea~oltàm lmd olvv`mj am ~`wc `dhmtè`gltàm oam`ta~`mj mhtza~cw wghml~à lmlipw`w lmd ~hilthd zl~m`mj ohwwljhw1 Da ~hjàmli lmd iagli lgta~w bluh lgghww ta tbh `mea~oltàm wpwtho1 @e wa zblt c`md ae lgghww "~hld/ amip a~ gaoohmt)1 @w l gaooxm`gltàm mhtza~c `mga~va~lthd `mta tbh mltàmli wpwtho lmd `w `t ~hilthd ta hl~ip zl~m`mj wpw/ thow1 @e wa `w `t avh~ltàmli lmd lgghww`nih ta ~hjàmli lmd iagli lgta~w1 Zblt l~h tbh`~ ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw1 Dahw tbh wpwtho v~au`dh lggx~lth `mea~oltàm e~ao tbh e`hid ta tbawh tblt mhhd `t ea~ natb vilmm`mj vx~/ vawhw lmd ea~ xwh `m tbh gaooxm`gltàm vilmm`mj1 @w tbh~h l nxìt/`m ~hdxmdlmgp `m glwh ae hmh~jp elìx~hw lmd atbh~ v~anihow1 Za~dw @mta Lgtàm; L Jx`dh ea~ @ovihohmt`mj @ovihohmt`mj tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c E~lohza~c


BEL •

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Lwwhww d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww glvlg`t`hw lmd ohgblm`wow 8->

@w tbh~h l ohgblm`wo ta chhv vai`t`gli ihldh~w `mea~ohd lmd ta elgì`tlth aee`g`li dhg`wàmw lmd v~a/ maxmghohmtw1 @w l vxni`g `mea~oltàm lmd ohd`l gaooxm`gltàm wt~lthjp `m vilgh `mgixd`mj ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw lmd tl~jht/ hd lxd`hmghw1 L~h ohgblm`wow `m vilgh ta v~au`dh `mea~oltàm nxiiht`mw avh~ltàmli ~hva~tw lmd lvvhliw ta bxolm`tl~`/ lm lww`wtlmgh `mwt`txtàmli lmd v~ùlth dama~w lmd atbh~ lxd`hmghw1

"@U) Hulixlth hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow "whh Tlwc Tlwc >-7 ea~ oa~h dhtlì); •

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Dahw tbh hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwtho i`mc z`tb tbh ~hwvamwh wpwtho1 Da hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow hr`wt lt tbh mltàmli ~hjàmli lmd iagli ihuhi1 Baz dahw `t avh~lth lmd dahw `t ~hlgb lii tbawh vathmt`liip leehgthd1 Dahw `t `mthj~lth lii ~hihulmt lgta~w1 Dahw `t gamw`dh~ iagli lmd `md`jhmaxw cmazihdjh1 Dahw `t ~hlgb axt lmd ~hwvamd ta lii j~axvw `mgixd`mj zaohm1 Dahw `t hmgaovlww tbh `mth~mltàmli ~hjàmli mltàmli lmd iagli ihuhiw1

"U) Lwwhww lzl~hmhww/~l`w`mj ea~ lmd cmazihdjh ae v~hvl~hdmhww v~hvl~hdmhww "whh Gblvth~ 7 ea~ oa~h dhtlì); •

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@w cmazihdjh ae bl{l~dw ~`wcw v~hvl~hdmhww lmd lvv~av~`lth ~hwvamwhw wbl~hd z`tb tbh vavxiltàm lt il~jh "tb~axjb vxni`g `mea~oltàm tbh hdxgltàm wpwtho lmd wvhg`li t~l`m`mj gax~whw)1 Zblt c`mdw ae lzl~hmhww/~l`w`mj lgtù`t`hw hr`wt1 Da tbhp `mgixdh v~hvl~hdmhww lwvhgtw1 Da tbhp `mgixdh l v~aj~looh lòhd lt tbh hdxgltàm wpwtho1 @e wa da tbh gx~~`gxil `muaiuh v~hvl~hd/ mhww lwvhgtw1 Da tbhp tl~jht tbh vavxiltàm lt il~jh nxt vilgh wvhgè`g hovblw`w am ~hlgb`mj vavxiltàmw iù`mj `m tbh oawt uximh~lnih ~hjàmw1

"U@) Lwwhww v~hvl~hdmhww vilmm`mj; •

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Dahw l v~hvl~hdmhww vilm hr`wt1 @w `t ~hli`wt`g lmd leea~dlnih1 Zh~h lii ~hihulmt wtlchbaidh~w `mgixdhd `m tbh vilmm`mj v~aghww1 L~h tbhp gaoo`tthd ta òvihohmt `t1 L~h tbh`~ ~aihw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw gihl~ip dhe`mhd1 @w `t nlwhd xvam ~hi`lnih lmd gaov~hbhmwùh `mea~oltàm am bl{l~dw ~`wcw uximh~lnì`t`hw lmd glvlg`/ t`hw1

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Dahw tbh vilm `mgixdh òvihohmtltàm ohgblm`wow gihl~ lgtàmw lmd ~hwax~ghw1

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Dahw `t `mgixdh v~au`wàmw am baz ta dhli z`tb `mth~mltàmli lww`wtlmgh1

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Ta zblt hrthmt dahw tbh vilm ~heihgt tbh elgt tblt ohm lmd zaohm l~h dèeh~hmtip leehgthd np d`wlwth~w1

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@w `t ~hjxil~ip ~hu`hzhd lmd xvdlthd1

"U@@) Lwwhww wtlmdnp l~~lmjhohmtw; •

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Ta zblt hrthmt l~h tbh mhghwwl~p jaadw lulìlnih lmd lgghww`nih1 Mhghwwl~p jaadw `mgixdh wtagcvìhw ae ohd`g`mh eaad zlth~ hoh~jhmgp wbhith~ nadp nljw lmd atbh~ olth~`liwTa zblt hrthmt l~h tbh mhghwwl~p bxolm ~hwax~ghw lulìlnih lmd lgghww`nih `m l~hlw wxgb lw whl~gb lmd ~hwgxh ohd`gli gaooxm`gltàm hmj`mhh~`mj lmd mxt~`tàm wvhg`li`wtw1 L~h hmaxjb lvv~av~`lthip wcìihd vh~wammhi ~hldìp lulìlnih1 Da gld~hw ae uaixmthh~w hr`wt lg~aww tbh gaxmt~p1 Zblt `w tbh`~ ihuhi ae wcìi lmd gaoo`tohmt1 Zblt `w tbh hrthmt ae h|x`vohmt lmd olth~`li ~hwax~ghw lt tbh`~ d`wvawli1 L~h tbhp nlwhd am hr`wt`mj gaooxm`tp `mwt`txtàmw1


<>0

8


8-> Lwwhww d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww glvlg`t`hw lmd ohgblm`wow •

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BEL

@w tbh~h lm hoh~jhmgp gamt`mjhmgp exmd lmd `w tbh~h l ~lv`d v~agx~hohmt v~aghww ta hmlnih tbh vx~/ gblwh ae exhi lmd atbh~ x~jhmtip mhhdhd wxvvi`hw lmd wh~u`ghw1 Ta zblt hrthmt `w d`wlwth~ ~hi`he exmd`mj lulìlnih lmd lgghww`nih1 Baz da mltàmli wtlmdnp l~~lmjhohmtw ~hilth ta `mth~mltàmli amhw1

"U@@@) Lwwhww ~hwvamwh ohgblm`wow; •

Zblt ohgblm`wow hr`wt1 Baz ldulmghd l~h tbhp1

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L~h tbhwh ohgblm`wow eloì`l~ ta d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh ljhmg`hw1

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L~h tbhwh ohgblm`wow eloì`l~ ta lt/~`wc vavxiltàmw1

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Da tbh ohgblm`wow `muaiuh `mwt`txtàm ~hld`mhww glvlg`t`hw lmd lgtù`t`hw1 @e wa vihlwh dhwg~`nh-

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@w tbh~h l wpwtho `m vilgh ta gaa~d`mlth z`tb iagli MJAw lmd gùì wag`htp j~axvw1

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@w tbh~h l wpwtho `m vilgh ta gaa~d`mlth z`tb `mth~mltàmli ~hwvamwh ohgblm`wow "natb jauh~mohmtli lmd mam/jauh~mohmtli)1 Dahw tbh ~hwvamwh ohgblm`wo `mgixdh; / Lwwhwwohmt thlow z`tb tbh wcìiw ta glvtx~h òva~tlmt `wwxhw ae uximh~lnì`tp wxgb lw jhmdh~1 / Hulgxltàm v~aghdx~hw1 / Whl~gb lmd ~hwgxh thlow1 / Hwtlni`wbohmt ae lm avh~ltàmw!gaoolmd ghmt~h1 / V~aghdx~hw ea~ lgtùlt`mj hoh~jhmgp hoh~jhmgp ièhi`mh elgì`t`hw "bawv`tliw d`wt~`nxtàm wpwthow lmd gaooxm`gltàm elgì`t`hw)1 / V~hvl~ltàmw ea~ hoh~jhmgp ~hghvtàm ghmt~hw lmd wbhith~w1 / V~aghdx~hw ea~ lgtùlt`mj hoh~jhmgp v~aj~loohw v~aj~loohw ea~ l`~va~tw bl~nax~w bl~nax~w lmd ilmd t~lmwva~t1 / Vxni`g `mea~oltàm lmd ohd`l gaooxm`gltàm wt~lthjp1

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Da o`d/ lmd iamj/th~o ~hgauh~p vilmw `mga~va~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm v~`mg`vihw1


Tbh lwwhwwohmt v~aghww wbaxid `mgixdh ~hv~hwhmtltùhw ae lii jauh~mohmtli lmd mam/jauh~mohmtli ljhmg`hw lmd a~jlm`{ltàmw z`tb l ~aih `m d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww `mgixd`mj; •

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D`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm olmljh~w wxgb lw tbawh za~c`mj am ~`wc cmazihdjh lzl~hmhww/~l`w`mj hl~ip zl~m`mj lmd v~hvl~hdmhwwD`wlwth~ lmd ~hwvamwh olmljh~w wxgb lw tbawh `muaiuhd `m dhuhiav`mj v~hvl~hdmhww lmd gamt`mjhmgp vilmw lt ul~àxw ihuhiw lmd `m oanì`{`mj ~hwax~ghw lmd ~hwvamd`mj ta hoh~jhmg`hw-

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Jauh~mohmt ~hv~hwhmtltùhw-

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MJAw-

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Gùì wag`htp ohonh~w-

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V~ùlth whgta~ ~hv~hwhmtltùhw-

<76



BEL



Hrhgxtùh lmd a~jlm`{ltàmli wxvva~t ea~ tbh lwwhwwohmt-

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Bxolm lmd e`mlmg`li ~hwax~ghw ea~ tbh lwwhwwohmt-

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L oxit`/ oxit`/a~jlm` a~jlm`{ltàml {ltàmlii thloGaoo`tohmt ta l vl~t`g`vlta~p whie/lwwhwwohmt v~aghww Lgghww ta hoh~jhmgp vilmw lmd v~aghdx~hw ~hwax~gh lmd h|x`vohmt `muhmta~`hw lmd t~l`m`mj ~hga~dw^hu`hz ae vlwt d`wlwth~ hrvh~`hmghw lmd ihwwamw ihl~mhd `m ~hwhl~gb wtxd`hw lmd ~hva~tw-

D- @iixwt~ltàmw Lwwhww`mj mltàmli d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh glvlg`tp) Oamjai`l

Tbh jauh~mohmt ae Oamjai`l ~h|xhwthd lww`wtlmgh `m gamdxgt`mj lm lwwhwwohmt ae `tw mltàmli glvlg`tp ta ~hwvamd ta d`wlwth~w- @m Kxip >664 tbh AGBL oanì`{hd l Xm`thd Mltàmw D`wlwth~ Lwwhwwohmt lmd Gaa~d`mltàm "XMDLG) thlo ea~ tb`w vx~vawhTbh XMDLG thlo oht z`tb lii wtlchbaidh~w hmjljhd `m d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww `mgixd`mj tbh Mltàmli D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt Ljhmgp lii O`m`wt~`hw `muaiuhd `m d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh Xillmnltll~ lmd Lòlj glv`tli g`tp lxtba~`t`hw d`wlwth~ v~athgtàm wvhg`li xm`tw e`~h e`jbt`mj xm`tw Wtlth ^hwh~uh n~lmgbhw lmd tbh vai`gh lw zhii lw tbh X~nlm Dhuhiavohmt lmd Vxni`g Xtì`tp Ljhmgp tbh Mxgihl~ lmd Hmh~jp Gaoo`wwàm iagli lxtba~`t`hw dama~w `mth~mltàmli ljhmg`hw MJAw @E^G lmd tbh Oamjai`lm ^hd G~aww- Tbh e`md`mjw ae tbh lwwhwwohmt zb`gb gaov~`whd l n~ald wht ae ~hgaoohmdltàmw zh~h v~hwhmthd ta tbh D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt Wtlth Wh~u`ghw lmd ta tbh XM ^hw`dhmt Gaa~d`mlta~Gaa~d`mlta~- AGBL oanì`{hd l eaiiaz/xv o`wwàm `m Agtanh~ >668 ta tlch wtagc ae v~aj~hww am tbh ~hgaoohmdltàmw ta `dhmtèp òvhdòhmtw ta òvihohmtltàm lmd ta v~à~`t`{h axtwtlmd`mj `wwxhw- Tb`w whgamd o`wwàm liwa gamw`dh~hd tbh Xm`thd Mltàm*w hmjljhohmt `m d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt `mgixd`mj wxvva~t ta Oamjai`l `m mhtza~c`mj z`tb `mth~mltàmli wt~xgtx~hw- @t eaxmd tblt w`mgh Kxmh >664 lii vl~t`hw `muaiuhd `m òvihohmt`mj tbh XMDLG ~hgaoohmdltàmw bld oldh òva~tlmt v~aj~hwwTbh lwwhwwohmt liiazhd ea~ tbh `dhmtè`gltàm ae `wwxhw ~h|x`~`mj òv~auhohmt wxgb lw gaiilna~ltàm nhtzhhm tbh Mltàmli Hoh~jhmgp Olmljhohmt Lxtba~`tp lmd `mth~mltàmli a~jlm`{ltàmw dhuhiavohmt ae l ea~xo ea~ ~hjxil~ `mea~oltàm wbl~`mj lmd nxdjhtl~p gamwt~l`mtw lw zhii lw t~l`m`mj lmd h|x`vohmt ~h|x`~hohmtw- Tbh lwwhwwohmt ~hva~t `twhie nhgloh lm òva~tlmt vai`t`gli `mwt~xohmt `m tbh d`wgxwwàm am baz ta a~jlm`{h tbh Mltàmli Hoh~jhmgp Olmljhohmt Lxtba~`tp lw zhii lw nh`mj ohmtàmhd lw l jaad hrlovih ae jaad Xm`thd Mltàmw v~lgt`ghw- @E^G blw liwa xwhd tbh ~hva~t lw l taai ta wpwtholt`gliip ~hu`hz `tw azm lgtàm vilm lmd v~à~`t`hw ea~ Oamjai`lEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; AGBL/EGWW!XMDLG Thlo Thlo O`wwàm ta Oamjai`l Lwwhwwohmt ae Mltàmli D`wlwth~ ^hwvamwh Glvlg`tp >: Kxmh / 0 Kxip >664

Whie/lwwhwwohmt v~hvl~hw @E^G ea~ d`wlwth~

@m >66< @E^G d~hz xv l wht ae jx`dhi`mhw gliihd Gbl~lgth~`wt`gw ae l Zhii/V~hvl~hd Mltàmli Wag`htp- Tb`w wòvih tza/vljh dagxohmt whtw axt 77 `md`glta~w ea~ ^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt mltàmli wag`ht`hw l~axmd tbh za~id- L mltàmli wag`htp glm xwh tbh `md`glta~w ta lwwhww `tw v~hvl~hdmhww / `tw glvlg`tp ta v~hd`gt d`wlwth~w ta ~hdxgh d`wlwth~w* òvlgt am uximh~lnih gaooxm`t`hw lmd ta ~hwvamd ta d`wlwth~w- Tbh `md`glta~w gauh~ huh~p lwvhgt ae a~jlm`{ltàmli glvlg`tp e~ao vai`gp lmd vilmm`mj ta bxolm e`mlmg`li lmd olth~`li ~hwax~ghw lmd


<7<

8


8-> Lwwhww d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww glvlg`t`hw lmd ohgblm`wow

BEL

lduaglgp- Tbhp liwa gauh~ tbh ~aih ae l mltàmli wag`htp `m jauh~mohmt hoh~jhmgp vilmm`mj lmd tbh hrthmt ae `tw gaa~d`mltàm z`tb atbh~ a~jlm`{ltàmw@E^G dhuhiavhd l |xhwtàmml`~h nlwhd am tbh `md`glta~w ta bhiv mltàmli wag`ht`hw lmd wtlee antl`m l v`gtx~h ae tbh wtltxw ae @E^G*w auh~lii d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww- @E^G whmt tbh |xhwtàmml`~h ta 78 mltàmli wag`ht`hw ta eìi `m lw l whie/lwwhwwohmt hrh~g`wh- L ~hu`whd uh~wàm zlw tbhm whmt ta lmatbh~ 56- Tbh whie/lwwhwwohmt ohtbad mhhdhd ta wt~`ch l nlilmgh nhtzhhm nh`mj |x`gc lmd hlwp ta xwh am tbh amh blmd lmd jhmh~lt`mj ohlm`mjexi `mea~oltàm am tbh atbh~3 `t zlw mat hlwp ta olmljh tb`w- Hrvh~`hmgh liwa wbazhd tblt vl~t`g`vlta~p lwwhwwohmt `w dhw`~lnih3 atbh~z`wh |xhwtàmml`~hw o`jbt nh eìihd `m np `mdù`dxliw a~ wolii j~axvw zba da mat ~hv~hwhmt tbh u`hzw ae tbh`~ mltàmli wag`htp lw l zbaih a~ zbawh cmazihdjh ae tbh mltàmli wag`htp*w d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww za~c `w `mldh|xlthMatz`tbwtlmd`mj tbhwh v~anihow olmp mltàmli wag`ht`hw tblt gaovihthd tbh |xhwtàmml`~h eaxmd `t ulixlnih ea~ whie/lwwhwwohmt lmd vilmm`mj `m tblt `t v~au`dhd l nhmgbol~c ea~ oam`ta~`mj v~aj~hww- Olmp bld mat u`hzhd tbh`~ d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww glvlg`tp `m wxgb l zlp nhea~h- Waoh vhavih l~jxhd tblt tbh~h zh~h li~hldp wa olmp wpwthow lmd v~aghdx~hw ta hmwx~h jaad olmljhohmt tblt tbh~h zlw i`ttih lddhd ulixh `m lwwhww`mj d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww nxt ea~ atbh~w `tw lddhd ulixh ilp `m jù`mj l wpwtholt`g auh~u`hz- Waoh mltàmli wag`ht`hw xwhd tbh lwwhwwohmt e`md`mjw ea~ lgtàm vilmm`mj lmd v~hvl~`mj exmd/~l`w`mj lvvhliw- Gaiilthd e`md`mjw zh~h xwhd lt ~hjàmli lmd `mth~mltàmli ihuhi ta `dhmtèp wt~hmjtbw lmd zhlcmhwwhwEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; @E^G Gbl~lgth~`wt`gw ae l Zhii/V~hvl~hd Mltàmli Wag`htp- Jhmhul; @mth~mltàmli Ehdh~ltàm ae ^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt Wag`ht`hw >66
H- Ex~tbh~ ~hld`mj Nhgc T- >668- Waxtb Lw`l Hl~tb|xlch >668; Ihl~m`mj e~ao v~huàxw hl~tb|xlch ~hi`he avh~ltàmw- N~`he`mj vlvh~ LIMLV!V~aUhmtàm Gamwa~t`xo- zzz-limlv-a~j a~ zzz-v~auhmtàmgamwa~t`xo-a~j Thiea~d K- Gawj~auh K- lmd Baxjbtam ^- >664- Ka`mt hulixltàm ae tbh `mth~mltàmli ~hwvamwh ta tbh >664 @md`lm Aghlm twxmlo`; wpmtbhw`w ~hva~t- Iamdam; Twxmlo` Hulixltàm Gali`tàm- zzz-limlv-a~j lmd zzz-twxmlo`/hulixltàm-a~j Tbh ~hva~t `w l wpmtbhw`w ae eùh dhtlìhd ~hva~tw np tbh oxit`/wtlchbaidh~ Twxmlo` Hulixltàm Gali`tàm gauh~`mj bxolm`tl~`lm gaa~d`mltàm mhhdw lwwhwwohmt òvlgtw am iagli lmd mltàmli glvlg`t`hw exmd`mj v~aghwwhw lmd i`mcw e~ao ~hi`he ~hblnì`tltàm lmd dhuhiavohmtZhnw`thw

LDVG / Lw`lm D`wlwth~ V~hvl~hdmhww Ghmth~- zzz-ldvg-mht LDVG `m Nlmjcac aeeh~w mxoh~axw gax~whw `m d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt vilmm`mj lmd ~hilthd lgtù`t`hw ea~ hrlovih `tw D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt Gax~wh-

<7>



BEL


LVHII / Lzl~hmhww Lzl~hmhww lmd V~hvl~hdmhww ea~ Hoh~jhmg`hw lt tbh Iagli Ihuhi / zzz-xmhv-e~!vg!lvhii!v~aghww!mltx~li-btoi LVHII `w l oadxil~ oadxil~ eihr`nih ohtbadaiaj`gli taai tblt lòw ta lww`wt dhg`wàm olch~w lmd thgbm`gli vh~wammhi ta `mg~hlwh gaooxm`tp lzl~hmhww lmd ta v~hvl~h gaa~d`mlthd ~hwvamwh vilmw `muaiu`mj `mdxwt~p jauh~mohmt lmd tbh iagli gaooxm`tp^LD@XW / ^`wc Lwwhwwohmt Taaiw ea~ D`ljmaw`w ae X~nlm L~hlw ljl`mwt Wh`wo`g D`wlwth~wzzz-jhabl{-a~j!gamthmtw!v~akhgtw!~ld`xw-btoi Tbh ^LD@XW v~akhgt zlw ilxmgbhd np tbh @mth~mltàmli Dhgldh ea~ Mltx~li D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm `m <005 ta v~aoath za~idz`dh lgtù`t`hw ea~ ~hdxgtàm ae wh`wo`g d`wlwth~w `m x~nlm l~hlw vl~t`gxil~ip `m dhuhiav`mj gaxmt~`hw- Tbh v~akhgt dhuhiavhd l waetzl~h v~aj~lo tblt aeeh~w v~lgt`gli taaiw ea~ hl~tb|xlch dloljh hwtòltàmTbh Za~id Nlmc @mwt`txth*w D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt Am/i`mh V~aj~lo / zhn-za~idnlmc-a~j!ZNW@TH!HRTH^MLI!ZN@!6 gamthmtODC;>6<66262}ohmxVC;>64:::}vljhVC;>606>7}v`VC;>6:878}tbhW`thVC;><7:0066-btoi Tb`w am/i`mh v~aj~lo gamw`wtw ae eùh gax~whw aeeh~hd `m Hmji`wb E~hmgb lmd Wvlm`wb- @t `mgixdhw Gaov~hbhmwùh D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt E~lohza~c Wleh G`t`hw Dloljh lmd ^hgamwt~xgtàm Mhhdw Lwwhwwohmt lmd `m gaavh~ltàm z`tb tbh Hmu`~amohmtli Vilmm`mj Gaiilna~ltùh Gaooxm`tp/Nlwhd D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt lmd E`mlmg`li Wt~lthj`hw ea~ Olmlj`mj tbh Hgamao`g @ovlgtw ae Mltx~li D`wlwth~w-

8


<77


8-7

BEL

Wt~hmjtbhm vilmm`mj lmd v~aj~loo`mj ea~ d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmh v~hvl~hdmhww ww


Tb`w tlwc lòw ta v~au`dh bhivexi taaiw lmd v~aghwwhw ea~ dhuhiav`mj d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww vilmw "lmd wxvva~t`mj v~aj~loohw) ta tbawh ~hwvamw`nih ea~ d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt vilmm`mj lw vl~t ae l bai`wt`g lvv~algb ta d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt- Tb`w `mgixdhw ohlmw ta òv~auh lw mhghwwl~p hr`wt`mj vilmw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh!gamt`mjhmgp ~hgauh~p lmd ~hgamwt~xgtàmZbp `t*w òva~tlmt

Zbhm l d`wlwth~ aggx~w `t*w taa ilth ta jht a~jlm`{hd- Wpwtholt`g vilmm`mj `muaiu`mj lii ~hihulmt lgta~w `w tbh eaxmdltàm ta heehgtùh d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww- D`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww lmd gamt`mjhmgp vilmw nlwhd am waxmd v~hvl~hdmhww vilmm`mj l~h g~`t`gli ta nxìd`mj l wtlth ae ~hld`mhww lmd ta heehgtùh ~hwvamwh lt tòhw ae g~`w`wJaad vilmm`mj blw v~auhm `tw ulixh `m wlehjxl~d`mj iùhw lmd iùhi`baadw- Gamuh~whip vaa~ip dhuhiavhd v~hvl~hdmhww vilmw lmd v~aj~loohw glm glxwh gamw`dh~lnih v~anihow `m tbh huhmt ae l d`wlwth~Tbh xitòlth ankhgtùh ae tbh v~hvl~hdmhww vilmm`mj v~aghww `w mat wòvip ta v~adxgh l vilm- @t liwa lòw ta wtòxilth amja`mj `mth~lgtàmw nhtzhhm vl~t`hw tblt ~hwxit `m gaooam xmdh~wtlmd`mj lmd lj~hhohmt lmd wxnwh|xhmtip `m vilmw tblt l~h zhii `mea~ohd z`dhip hmda~whd lmd tblt zìi nh xwhd z`tb game`dhmgh `m ~hli huhmtw- L jaad vilm zìi olch `tw vx~vawh lmd wgavh gihl~ zìi dhe`mh ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw lmd zìi hwtlni`wb wtlmdl~d avh~lt`mj v~aghdx~hw ea~ vl~t`gxil~ g`~gxowtlmghwTbh jali ae gamt`mjhmgp vilmm`mj am tbh atbh~ blmd `w ta hmwx~h ldh|xlth v~hvl~ltàm ea~ wvhgè`g ea~hwhhm huhmtw- Gamt`mjhmgp vilmw l~h xwxliip honhddhd `m lm auh~lii v~hvl~hdmhww vilmBaz `t ~hilthw ta atbh~ v~à~`tp tlwcw

Tbh tlwc ae v~hvl~hdmhww vilmm`mj `w xmdh~v`mmhd np lm heehgtùh `mwt`txtàmli e~lohza~c ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm "Gblvth~ <)- @t ~hi`hw am ~`wc `mea~oltàm wxgb lw tblt dhuhiavhd `m l gaxmt~pz`dh ~`wc lwwhwwohmt `m`t`ltùh "Tlwc >->) lmd `t `w giawhip ~hilthd ta tbh tlwc ae dhuhiav`mj l vilm ea~ ~hgauh~p "Tlwc 4-:)- @m ldd`tàm tb`w tlwc xwhw `mea~oltàm jltbh~hd zbìh lwwhww`mj d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww glvlg`t`hw lmd ohgblm`wow "Tlwc 8->)-


Tbh eaiiaz`mj wthvw bhiv gaxmt~`hw g~hlth heehgtùh v~hvl~hdmhww vilmw ea~ heehgtùh ~hwvamwh; <-

Ea~o l vilmm`mj gaoo`tthh- @mgixdh vai`gp lmd thgbm`gli wtlee ae ljhmg`hw lmd a~jlm`{ltàmw lmd ~hv~hwhmtltùhw ae tbh nxw`mhww whgta~ lmd tbh vxni`g- Hwtlni`wb tbh wgavh ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw lmd l tòhtlnih ea~ tbh vilmm`mj v~aghww-

>-

Whihgt lm ljhmgp ta ihld tbh vilm dhuhiavohmt- Tb`w ljhmgp wbaxid liwa hmwx~h `tw ldavtàm lmd oam`ta~ `tw òvihohmtltàm-

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BEL

Hulixlth ihjli `mwt`txtàmli lmd vai`gp e~lohza~c 8-7

7-

Gaiihgt lulìlnih dagxohmtltàm- Xwhexi dagxohmtltàm `mgixdhw olth~`li ~hjl~d`mj bl{l~dw uximh~lnì`tp ae g~`t`gli elgì`t`hw ièhi`mhw lmd tbh nxìd`mj wtagc ~hwax~gh `muhmta~`hw bl{l~d olvw d`wlwth~ wghml~àw lmd hr`wt`mj vai`g`hw vilmw lmd wtlmdl~d avh~lt`mj v~aghdx~hw-

4-

Lwwhww tbh bl{l~dw- @dhmtèp lgtù`t`hw `mwt`txtàmw lmd wt~xgtx~hw oawt lt ~`wc e~ao tbawh bl{l~dw lmd tbh`~ uximh~lnì`tp- Ea~ ~hgauh~p vilmm`mj liwa gaiihgt vbpw`gli lmd hgamao`g dhuhiavohmt lmd ~hdhuhiavohmt vilmw lmd dagxohmtltàm- ^hu`hz lwwhwwohmtw ae ~hwax~ghw lmd glvlnì`t`hw "whh Tlwc 8->) lulìlnih ta ~hwvamd lmd ~hgauh~ e~ao d`wlwth~w-

8-

Lmlipwh ~`wc lmd glvlg`tp lwwhwwohmtw- Dhth~o`mh mhhdw lmd v~à~`t`hw ea~ vilmw ea~ ul~àxw c`mdw ae d`wlwth~ huhmtw `mgixd`mj ea~ o`t`jltàm ohlwx~hw tblt wbaxid nh nxìt `mta ~hgauh~p lmd ~hgamwt~xgtàm-

5-

@dhmtèp ihld ljhmg`hw ea~ ~hwvamd`mj ta ul~àxw tpvhw ae d`wlwth~w lmd lww`jm ~aihw- G~hlth wpwthow ea~ gaooxm`glt`mj w`txltàm `mea~oltàm mhhdw lmd a~dh~w ta lmd e~ao tbawh `m gbl~jh-

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Dhth~o`mh zba zaxid nh `m gbl~jh ae ~hgauh~p lmd ~hgamwt~xgtàm lmd zbhtbh~ `t zaxid nh olmljhd tb~axjb lm hr`wt`mj a~ mhz a~jlm`{ltàm-

2-

Hwtlni`wb i`mcljhw lmd ohgblm`wow ea~ gaa~d`mltàm nhtzhhm ljhmg`hw ihuhiw ae jauh~mohmt lmd z`tb tbh v~ùlth whgta~ lmd tbh vxni`g-

0-

G~hlth lmd thwt wpwthow ea~ dhuhiav`mj òohd`lth lmd amja`mj w`txltàm lmd dloljh lwwhwwohmtw lmd hwtòltàmw ae mhhdw-

<6- Hwtlni`wb wtlmdl~d avh~lt`mj v~aghdx~hw e`hid olmxliw gbhgci`wtw gamtlgt i`wtw lmd ~hwax~gh `muhmta~`hw "`mgixd`mj jhmdh~/nlwhd lwvhgtw ae glvlg`t`hw lmd wcìiw)<<- D~let l vilm ea~ ~hwvamwh lmd ~hgauh~p- Gamwxit z`tb jauh~mohmt dhvl~tohmtw `mth~hwthd a~jlm`{ltàmw nxw`mhwwhw lmd tbh vxni`g- Hwtlni`wb l ohgblm`wo ea~ ~hghù`mj ~hu`hzw lmd ldd~hww`mj gamgh~mw- "Tlwc 4-: jùhw lww`wtlmgh z`tb ~hgauh~p vilmm`mj-) <>- Olch mhghwwl~p gblmjhw- Vxni`wb Vxni`wb lmd l~~lmjh ea~ ldavtàm lmd w`jm`mj ae tbh vilm np ~hv~hwhmtltùhw ae lii leehgthd a~jlm`{ltàmw<7- Z`dhip d`wwho`mlth lmd vxni`g`{h tbh olka~ thmhtw ae tbh vilm<4- Hwtlni`wb v~aghwwhw ea~ ~hjxil~ oam`ta~`mj lmd eaiiaz/xv thwt`mj lmd ~hu`w`mj tbh vilm `m lgga~dlmgh z`tb gblmj`mj g`~gxowtlmghw lmd ~h|x`~hohmtwHihohmtw ae heehgtùh d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww vilmm`mj

Lw vl~t ae tbh v~hvl~hdmhww vilmm`mj v~aghww tbh lww`jmohmt ae ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw wbaxid nh ea~oli`{hd `m ihj`wiltàm hd`gtw lmd!a~ mltàmli dhuhiavohmt vilmw- Amgh vilmw l~h dhuhiavhd a~jlm`{ltàmw mhhd ta wxvva~t tbh vilm tb~axjb wtlee t~l`m`mj am wvhgè`g exmgtàmw lmd ta thwt tbh vilmw lmd v~aghdx~hw tb~axjb d~ìiw lmd hrh~g`whw- Heehgtùh vilmw gauh~ loamj atbh~ tb`mjw olmljhohmt ae `mea~oltàm ~hwax~ghw lmd e`mlmghw vxni`g hdxgltàm ~hwvamwh ~hld`mhww lmd lih~t!hulgxltàm wpwthow Lm heehgtùh d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww vilm gamtl`mw tbh eaiiaz`mj hihohmtw; <-

L gihl~ dhwg~`vtàm ae tbh ~hihulmt ihj`wiltùh e~lohza~cw lmd `mwt`txtàmli .l~gb`thgtx~h.- @t wbaxid dhwg~`nh olmdlthw ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw v~atagaiw i`mcljhw lmd gaa~d`mltàm wt~xgtx~h nhtzhhm dèeh~hmt lgta~w natb ba~`{amtliip "nhtzhhm dèeh~hmt whgta~w) lmd uh~t`gliip "nhtzhhm mltàmli wxnmltàmli lmd iagli hmt`t`hw lmd lxtba~`t`hw)-

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^`wc lmlipw`w v~aeìhw `mgixd`mj mltx~li bl{l~d `dhmtè`gltàm oam`ta~`mj lmd uximh~lnì`tp lmlipw`w lmd l waxmd xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae ~`wc "whh Tlwc >-< am hwtlni`wb`mj gaxmt~pz`dh ~`wc lwwhwwohmt `m`t`ltùhw)-


<78

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BEL

8-7 Hulixlth ihjli `mwt`txtàmli lmd vai`gp e~lohza~c 7-

Ohgblm`wow ea~ d`wwho`mltàm ae hl~ip zl~m`mjw "whh Tlwc >-4 am gaooxm`gltàm lmd d`wwho`mltàm ohgblm`wow ea~ hl~ip zl~m`mj)-

4-

Wtlmdnp l~~lmjhohmtw `mgixd`mj; •

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8-

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Avh~ltàmw!gaoolmd ghmt~h-

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Whl~gb lmd ~hwgxh thlow-

Hulgxltàm v~aghdx~hw-

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V~hvl~ltàmw ea~ hoh~jhmgp ~hghvtàm ghmt~hw lmd wbhith~w-

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V~aghdx~hw ea~ lgtùlt`mj hoh~jhmgp v~aj~loohw ea~ l`~va~tw bl~nax~w lmd ilmd t~lmwva~t-

L vxni`g `mea~oltàm lmd ohd`l gaooxm`gltàm wt~lthjp `mgixd`mj;

•

•

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2-

V~aghdx~hw ea~ lgtùlt`mj hoh~jhmgp ièhi`mh elgì`t`hw "bawv`tliw d`wt~`nxtàm wpwthow lmd gaooxm`gltàm elgì`t`hw)-

•

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Bxolm ~hwax~ghw `mgixd`mj whl~gb lmd ~hwgxh ohd`gli gaooxm`gltàm hmj`mhh~`mj lmd mxt~`tàm wvh/ g`li`wtw-

D`wlwth~ gamt`mjhmgp!~hwvamwh vilmw "whh nar nhiaz) `mgixd`mj;

•

5-

Hwwhmt`li jaadw lmd wh~u`ghw wxgb lw ohd`g`mh eaad zlth~ hoh~jhmgp wbhith~ nadp nljw exhi lmd atbh~ olth~`liw-

Gihl~ ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw ea~ tbh wt~lthjp*w òvihohmtltàm L wpwtho ta v~au`dh gx~~hmt `mea~oltàm |x`gcip ta ohd`l wh~u`ghw tblt `mgixdhw t~l`mhd v~aehwwàmliw Lggx~lth `mea~oltàm e~ao tbh e`hid ta tbawh tblt mhhd `t ea~ natb vilmm`mj vx~vawhw lmd ea~ xwh `m tbh gaooxm`gltàm vilmOhgblm`wow ta ohht `mea~oltàm mhhdw ae whmà~ dhg`wàm olch~w `mwt`txtàmli lmd v~ùlth dama~w lmd atbh~ tl~jht lxd`hmghw lw ~h|x`~hd-

V~hvl~hdmhww glvlg`tp dhuhiavohmt "whh Tlwc 7-7 am dhuhiav`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm t~l`m`mjw t~l`m`mjw ea~ wvhgè`g j~axvw ae wtlchbaidh~w) `mgixd`mj; •

Gaov~hbhmwùh t~l`m`mj v~aj~loohw nlwhd am amja`mj lwwhwwohmtw ae gx~~hmt glvlg`t`hw-

•

Gld~hw ae uaixmthh~w z`tb h|x`vohmt lmd olth~`li ~hwax~ghw lt tbh`~ d`wvawli-

V~hvl~hdmhww lwvhgtw tblt ldh|xlthip ldd~hww jhmdh~/wvhgè`g gamgh~mw-

Hihohmtw ae gamt`mjhmgp vilmm`mj

Gamt`mjhmgp vilmw l~h vilmw ta ldd~hww lmd ~hwvamd ta wvhgè`g huhmtw a~ wghml~àw ea~ dèeh~hmt bl{l~dw lmd dèeh~hmt whtt`mjw ea~ hrlovih ea~ l il~jh hl~tb|xlch l g`tp/z`dh eiaad l mltàmli hv`dho`g a~ l galwtli hmu`~amohmtli d`wlwth~- @t `w mhghwwl~p ta dhuhiav gamt`mjhmgp vilmw ea~ hlgb tpvh ae bl{l~d i`chip ta nh hrvh~`hmghd lt mat amip iagli lmd mltàmli ihuhiw nxt liwa lt ~hjàmli lmd jianli ihuhiw- L gamt`mjhmgp vilm wbaxid gauh~ avh~ltàmli gaovamhmtw wxgb lw vai`g`hw ankhgtùhw v~aghdx~hw ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw lmd ~hwax~ghw ~h|x`~hd ta ~hwvamdTa v~hvl~h l gamt`mjhmgp vilm gaxmt~`hw glm; <-

Hmwx~h tblt dltl lmd `mea~oltàm xwhd `m tbh ea~oxiltàm ae gamt`mjhmgp vilmw l~h lggx~lth lmd dhvhmdlnih-

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Xmdh~tlch wghml~à vilmm`mj nlwhd am i`chip bl{l~d huhmtw lmd tbh dloljhw lmd iawwhw tblt gaxid ta nh glxwhd np tbhwh jùhm tbh uximh~lnì`tp ae iagli gaooxm`t`hw lmd `me~lwt~xgtx~h lmd wh~u`ghw-

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7-

Lmlipwh tbh wghml~à `m a~dh~ ta i`wt tbh lgtàmw ta nh xmdh~tlchm- Lgtàmw glm `mgixdh tbh v~h/vaw`tàm`mj ae ~hwax~ghw natb z`tb`m whgta~w i`chip ta nh òvlgthd lmd z`tb`m iagli gaooxm`t`hw lmd v~au`d`mj gamt`mjhmgp nxdjhtw ea~ lwwag`lthd jauh~mohmt dhvl~tohmtw-

4-

L~~lmjh ea~ e`mlmgh lmd vilmm`mj dhvl~tohmtw ta v~au`dh jhmh~li gamt`mjhmgp ~hwax~ghw ta xmdh~tlch ~hgauh~p heea~tw ea~ wxgb wghml~àw-

8-

@muaiuh ~hgauh~p olmljh~w e~ao v~huàxw d`wlwth~w `m v~h/vilmm`mj hrh~g`whw ta l`d `m lvvip`mj ihwwamw e~ao tbh vlwt-

5-

Hmwx~h tblt vilmw gihl~ip `dhmtèp ~aihw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw dhg`wàm/olc`mj v~aghwwhw lulìlnih ~hwax~ghw lmd tbh wvhgè`g wthvw tblt oxwt nh tlchm `m tbh huhmt ae lm hoh~jhmgp- Tb`w zìi hmlnih lii `muaiuhd ta ~hwvamd lgga~d`mj ta hwtlni`wbhd v~aghdx~hw-

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V~au`dh t~l`m`mj lw mhhdhd ea~ òvihohmtltàm ae gamt`mjhmgp vilmw- Hmwx~h tblt vilmw l~h z~`tthm gihl~ip wa tblt tbhp glm nh xmdh~wtaad np wtlee lt lii ihuhiw-

2-

L~~lmjh ea~ vh~àd`g ~hu`hz ~hu`hz nlwhd am oam`ta~`mj lmd hulixltàm lw zhii lw ~hbhl~wli lmd thwt`mj-

0-

Hmwx~h tblt tbh vilm `w whmw`tùh ta iagli vai`t`gw lmd gxitx~li whmw`tù`t`hw tbh mhhdw ae zaohm lmd tbh oawt uximh~lnih vavxiltàmw lw zhii lw tbh hmu`~amohmtli òvlgt ae hoh~jhmgp ohlwx~hw-


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V~`mg`vli jauh~mohmt o`m`wt~`hw ~hwvamw`nih ea~ vilmm`mj lmd vxni`g wlehtp "h-j- `mth~à~ gùì dhehmgh dhuhi/ avohmt vilmm`mj hgamaop hmu`~amohmt lmd wg`hmghw lmd thgbmaiajp)V~`mg`vli jauh~mohmt o`m`wt~`hw `muaiuhd z`tb dhuhiavohmt whgta~w "wxgb lw bhlitb hdxgltàm mltx~li ~hwax~ghw lmd lj~`gxitx~h)Mltàmli lmd iagli d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt ljhmg`hw a~ wpwthowMltàmli `mwt`txthw lmd iagli ~hilthd aee`ghw "bpd~a/ohtha~aiaj`gli jhaiaj`gli wx~uhp oam`ta~`mj ghmt~hw lgl/ dho`l lmd ~hwhl~gb `mwt`txtàmw)-

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Iagli lmd oxm`g`vli jauh~mohmtw-

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Gùì wag`htp lmd gaooxm`tp ~hv~hwhmtltùhw-

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Mam/jauh~mohmt a~jlm`{ltàmw-

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@mth~mltàmli lmd Xm`thd Mltàmw ljhmg`hw-

8


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Tbh wxvva~t ae vai`t`gli ihldh~w lmd vai`gpolch~w liamj z`tb hrhgxtùh lmd a~jlm`{ltàmli wxvva~t lmd lwwa/ g`lthd bxolm lmd e`mlmg`li ~hwax~ghwGil~`tp ae exmgtàmw lxtba~`tp lmd dù`wàm ae ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw loamj tbh chp a~jlm`{ltàmwOhgblm`wow ea~ jaad gaa~d`mltàm nhtzhhm iagli lmd ghmt~li lxtba~`t`hw nhtzhhm `mth~mli lmd hrth~mli lgta~w lmd z`tb`m lmd nhtzhhm whgta~w Lm xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae tbh glvlnì`t`hw lmd ~hwax~ghw ae lii vxni`g lmd v~ùlth a~jlm`{ltàmw tblt olp gamt~`nxth ta tbh hrhgxtàm ae l vilm-


<7:


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8-7 Hulixlth ihjli `mwt`txtàmli lmd vai`gp e~lohza~c Tbh vl~t`g`vltàm ae iagli lmd oxm`g`vli jauh~mohmtw lmd ~hv~hwhmtltùhw ae gaooxm`t`hw-

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L wt~amj whmwh ae azmh~wb`v ae tbh vilmm`mj v~aghww np tbawh ~hwvamw`nih ea~ hrhgxt`mj tbh vilmw-

D- @iixwt~ltàmw Whgta~ v~hvl~hdmhww) Gaiaon`l lmd Hgxlda~

Gaiaon`l lmd Hgxlda~ tajhtbh~ bluh tbh b`jbhwt mxonh~ ae lgtùh uaiglmahw `m Ilt`m Loh~`gl- B`wta~`gliip tbh tza gaxmt~`hw bluh wxeeh~hd mxoh~axw h~xvtàmw zb`gb bluh glxwhd d~lolt`g bxolm lmd hgamao`g iawwhw- Ta bhiv tbh tza gaxmt~`hw nhtth~ v~hvl~h tbh`~ oawt uximh~lnih vavxiltàmw VLBA!ZBA dhuhiavhd l v~hvl~hdmhww v~akhgt ea~ tbh gaxmt~`hw* bhlitb whgta~w- Tbh Hx~avhlm Gaoo`wwàm bxolm`tl~`lm l`d dhvl~tohmt lmd @WD^ ka`mtip `dhmtè`hd tbh v~akhgt lw l jaad v~lgt`gh ea~ ~hwì`hmt gaooxm`t`hwNatb Gaiaon`l lmd Hgxlda~ li~hldp bld bhlitb hoh~jhmgp vilmw ea~ d`wlwth~w- Bazhuh~ vawt/d`wlwth~ hulixltàmw `md`glthd tblt avva~txm`t`hw hr`wthd ta òv~auh thgbm`gli glvlg`tp z`tb`m tbh bhlitb whgta~- Bhlitb wtlee mhhdhd ta za~c z`tb xvdlthd thgbm`gli `mwt~xohmtw lmd taaiw lmd tbh hr`wt`mj bhlitb wpwtho mhhdhd ta `mga~va~lth ihwwamw ihl~mhd e~ao v~à~ d`wlwth~w- V~akhgt a~jlm`{h~w liwa bavhd hmgax~ljh hrgblmjhw ae cmazihdjh lmd hrvh~`hmgh nhtzhhm tbh tza gaxmt~`hw lmd nhtzhhm gaooxm`t`hw tblt wbl~hd tbh wloh uximh~lnì`tp ta uaiglm`g h~xvtàmwTbh VLBA!ZBA v~hvl~hdmhww v~akhgt eagxwhd am `mg~hlw`mj tbh whgta~*w gav`mj glvlg`tp lt mltàmli wxnmltàmli lmd oxm`g`vli ihuhiw `m b`jb/~`wc l~hlw- @t tl~jhthd mat amip bhlitb v~aehwwàmliw lmd d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh thlow nxt atbh~ ~hihulmt wtlchbaidh~w wxgb lw thgbm`gli wtlee ~hwvamw`nih ea~ zlth~ wxvvip lmd wlm`tltàm wh~u`ghw lmd xmùh~w`t`hw MJAw lmd atbh~ d`wlwth~/~hilthd a~jlm`{ltàmw z`tb ~hihulmt t~l`m`mj v~aj~loohw- Tbh v~akhgt dhuhiavhd lmd d`wwho`mlthd t~l`m`mj olth~`liw am bhlitb v~hvl~hdmhww `mgixd`mj l wvhg`li oadxih ea~ dhg`wàm/olc`mj tblt xwhd l oxit`/ohd`l oadhii`mj taai z`tb l uaiglm`g h~xvtàm hoh~jhmgp wghml~à- Tbh v~akhgt hwtlni`wbhd l t~l`m/tbh/t~l`mh~w v~aj~looh ea~ bhlitb v~aehwwàmliw lmd t~l`mhd ohonh~w ae hr`wt`mj d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh thlowEa~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm u`w`t tbh ZGD^ zhnw`th lt; zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!zgd~!vxni`g/ea~xo!jaad/v~lgt`ghw-bto a~ XM!@WD^ @mea~ow D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm `m Ilt`m Loh~`gl lmd tbh Gl~`nnhlm @wwxh <> >665 v- 8:-

Gaooxm`tp/nlwhd v~hvl~hdmhww) @md`l

Wlo`pl~vhttl` lmd Vxdxvhttl` l~h tza uìiljhw am tbh waxtb galwt ae Tloì Mldx `m @md`l- Tbhp l~h lioawt `dhmt`gli `m w`{h lmd dhuhiavohmt ihuhiw- Bazhuh~ dx~`mj tbh >664 @md`lm Aghlm twxmlo` Vxdxvhttl` iawt eax~ tòhw oa~h iùhw "dhltb taii 08) tblm Wlo`pl~vhttl` "dhltb taii >4)- Amh w`jmè`glmt dèeh~hmgh hr`wtw nhtzhhm tbhwh uìiljhw; l ehz oamtbw nhea~h tbh twxmlo` wt~xgc Wlo`pl~vhttl` bld tlchm vl~t `m l v~hvl~hdmhww t~l`m`mj lmd lzl~hmhww/~l`w`mj v~aj~loohTbh v~aj~looh `m |xhwtàm waxjbt ta nxìd gaooxm`tp glvlg`tp tb~axjb tbh hrthmwùh `muaiuhohmt lmd vl~t`g`vltàm ae uaixmthh~w- V~aj~looh wvamwa~w `mgixdhd tbh Jauh~mohmt ae @md`l XMDV lmd tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Uaixmthh~ V~aj~looh "XMU)- Wlo`pl~vhttl` `m Gxddlia~h d`wt~`gt bld nhhm gbawhm lw l oadhi uìiljh ea~ tbh v~aj~looh nhglxwh `t zlw v~amh ta eiaadw d~axjbtw lmd hl~tb|xlchw- V~aj~looh t~l`m`mj lmd `m`t`ltùhw `mgixdhd gamwt`txt`mj l uìiljh d`wlwth~ gaoo`tthh hilna~lt`mj l uìiljh d`wlwth~ olmljhohmt vilm lmd t~l`m`mj thlow am whl~gb lmd ~hwgxh lmd e`~wt l`d lw zhii lw gamdxgt`mj oagc d~ìiw lmd thlgb`mj uìiljh~w lnaxt b`jbh~ wleh wvatw lmd t~l`m`mj am baz ta v~huhmt d~azm`mj xw`mj hovtp nl~~hiw lmd nlmlml wthow- Ea~ olmp uìiljh~w tbh nlw`g t~l`m`mj v~au`dhd tx~mhd axt ta nh hwwhmt`li ta wx~uù`mj tbh >664 twxmlo`-

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Ea~ ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm whh; XMDV!NGV^ >668 Xm`thd Mltàmw `m @md`l / <4-64->668 Gaooxm`tp/nlwhd V~hvl~hdmhww / Eaxmdltàm ea~ D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt; zzz-xmdv-a~j!ngv~!d`w~hd!dagxohmtw!twxmlo`!xmdv!v~<46468-vde

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@VGG- >66:- Giòlth Gblmjh >66:; Tbh Vbpw`gli Wg`hmgh Nlw`w; Wxool~p ea~ Vai`gpolch~w- Gamt~`nxtàm ae Za~c`mj J~axv @ ta tbh Eax~tb Lwwhwwohmt ^hva~t ae tbh @mth~jauh~mohmtli Vlmhi am Giòlth Gblmjh- Ea~oliip lvv~auhd lt tbh <6tb Whwwàm ae Za~c`mj J~axv @ ae tbh @mth~jauh~mohmtli Vlmhi am Giòlth Gblmjh "@VGG) Vl~`w Ehn~xl~p >66:zzz-`vgg-gb!WVO>ehn6:-vde @VGG- >66:- Giòlth Gblmjh >66:; @ovlgtw Ldlvtltàm lmd Uximh~lnì`tp Uximh~lnì`tp Za~c`mj J~axv @@ Gamt~`nxtàm ta tbh Eax~tb Lwwhwwohmt ^hva~t ae tbh @mth~jauh~mohmtli Vlmhi am Giòlth Gblmjh- Ea~oliip lvv~auhd lt tbh 2tb Whwwàm ae Za~c`mj J~axv @@ ae tbh @VGG N~xwwhiw Lv~ì >66:- zzz-`vgg-gb!WVO< zzz-`vgg-gb!WVO<7lv~6:-vde7lv~6:-vde@VGG- >66<- Giòlth Gblmjh >66<; @VGG Tb`~d Lwwhwwohmt ^hva~t ae tbh @mth~jauh~mohmtli Vlmhi am Giòlth GblmjhHd`thd np ^-T- Zltwam lmd tbh Ga~h Z~`t`mj Thlo- Glon~`djh Xm`thd C`mjdao lmd Mhz Pa~c; Glon~`djh Xmùh~w`tp V~hwwbttv;!!zzz-j~`dl-ma!giòlth!`vggQtl~! Chiip G- >668- Jx`dhi`mhw ea~ ~lv`d hmu`~amohmtli òvlgt lwwhwwohmt `m d`wlwth~w- Nhme`hid Bl{l~d ^hwhl~gb Ghmt~h Chiip Xmùh~w`tp Gaiihjh Iamdam lmd Gaavh~ltùh ea~ Lww`wtlmgh lmd ^hi`he Huh~pzbh~h @mg- "GL^H) @mth~mltàmlizzz-jd~g-a~j!xho!d`wlwth~w!d`whmu`!chiip-dag Chmt ^- <004- D`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww- D`wlwth~ Olmljhohmt lmd T~l`m`mj V~aj~looh "DOTV) t~l`m`mj oadxihbttv;!!zzz-xmdotv-a~j!oadxihw-bto Chp D- hd- <008- Wt~xgtx~hw ta z`tbwtlmd d`wlwth~w- Iamdam; Tbaolw Thiea~dThiea~dC~hòh~ L- lmd L~maid O- >666- Olmlj`mj ^`wc `m Hoh~j`mj Hgamao`hw- Zlwb`mjtam DG; Za~id NlmcC~hòh~ C~hòh~ L- L~maid O- lmd Gl~i`m L- hdw- >667- Nxìd`mj Wleh~ G`t`hw; Tbh Extx~h ae D`wlwth~ ^`wc- Zlwb`mjtam DG; Za~id C~hòh~ Nlmc- zzz-v~auhm zzz-v~auhmtàmgamwa~t`xo-a~j!tbhohw!dhelx tàmgamwa~t`xo-a~j!tbhohw!dhelxit!vdew!Wleh~QG`t`hw-vde it!vdew!Wleh~QG`t`hw-vde Ixml H-O- >666- *Nlplm`blm*; Nxìd`mj Oxit`/Whgta~li Vl~tmh~wb`v ea~ Wxwtl`mlnih D`wlwth~ V~huhmtàm O`t`jltàm lmd V~hvl~hdmhww; Lm @ovlgt V~aj~lo Hulixltàm- Hrhgxtùh Wxool~p- Olmìl; Ga~va~lth Mhtza~c ea~ D`wlwth~ ^hwvamwhOl~cw G- >665- ^hdxg`mj ^`wc; Ihl~m`mj e~ao tbh Gaooxm`tp- Hrvh~`hmgh Ihl~m`mj Wh~`hw ma- 74zzz-waxtblw`ld`wlwth~w-mht!vxni`(>6hiw(>6i`wt-bto Oltt`mjip W- Nhmdòh~ld EOltt`mjip E- lmd Eh~mlmdh{ K- >668- D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt Olwth~ Vilm "DÔOV) Gamghvt Vlvh~ Vlvh~ L Za~c`mj D~let V~adxgt ae tbh G~aww/Gxtt`mj Glvlg`tp Dhuhiavohmt "7gd) V~aj~lo- 76 Mauhonh~ >668 uh~wàmzzz-vdg-a~j!hoÒ`lo`d`lm H- ht li- >668- Wx~uù`mj D`wlwth~w lmd Wxvva~t`mj ^hgauh~p; ^hgauh~p; L Jx`dhnaac ea~ O`g~ae`mlmgh @mwt`txtàmw- D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt Za~c`mj Vlvh~ Wh~`hw Ma- <6- Zlwb`mjtam DG; Za~id NlmcO`g~ag~hd`t Wxoo`t Glovl`jm- .Lnaxt O`g~ag~hd`t; O`g~ag~hd`t; L Wolii @mt~adxgtàm ta l Bxjh Oauhohmt-. zzz-o`g~ag~hd`twxoo`t-a~j!Lnaxto`g~ag~hd`t-bto Oìht` D-W- <000- D`wlwth~w np Dhw`jm; L ^hlwwhwwohmt ae Mltx~li Bl{l~dw `m tbh Xm`thd Wtlthw- Zlwb`mjtam DG; Kawhvb Bhm~p V~hwwO`tgbhii K-C-<000- G~xg`nihw ae Bl{l~dw; Ohjl/g`t`hw lmd D`wlwth~w `m T~lmw`tàm- Mhz Pa~c; Pa~c; Xm`thd Mltàmw Xmùh~w`tp V~hwwOxit`/bl{l~d O`t`jltàm Gaxmgì- >668- Mltx~li Bl{l~d O`t`jltàm Wluhw; Lm @mdhvhmdhmt Wtxdp ta Lwwhww tbh Extx~h Wlu`mjw e~ao O`t`jltàm Lgtù`t`hw- Zlwb`mjtam DG; Mltàmli @mwt`txth ae Nxìd`mj Wg`hmghwzzz-eiaadw-a~j!VDE!OOGQUai zzz-eiaadw-a~j !VDE!OOGQUaixoh668- Tbh âih ae Wg`hmgh `m Vbpw`gli Mltx~li Bl{l~d Lwwhwwohmt-- Iamdam; Dhvl~tohmt ae T~ldh lmd @mdxwt~p- zzz-dt`-jau-xc!eìhw!eìh28<< zzz-dt`-jau-xc!eìhw!eìh28<<-vde -vde MDA- <00>- Lxwt~li`lm Hoh~jhmgp Olmxli; Gaooxm`tp Hoh~jhmgp Vilmm`mj Jx`dh- >md Hd`tàm- \xhlmnhplm Mhz Waxtb Zlihw; Mltx~li D`wlwth~w A~jlm`wltàm "MDA)zzz-hol-jau-lx!ljd!HOL!~zvlttlgb-mwe!U zzz-hol-jau -lx!ljd!HOL!~zvlttlgb-mwe!ULV!"727N:HDG>0GDH LV!"727N:HDG>0GDH>:5NNNGH< >:5NNNGH<>GDG6)}Olmxli#< >GDG6)}Olmxli#<8L-vde!$eìh!Olmxli#< 8L-vde!$eìh!Olmxli#< 8L-vde a~ zzz-gwx-hdx-lx zzz-gwx-hdx-lx!elgxitp!bhlitb!lhoe!HOVilmm`mj !elgxitp!bhlitb!lhoe!HOVilmm`mj!VILMM@MJ-dag !VILMM@MJ-dag AGBL- >66>- Xm`thd Mltàmw D`wlwth~ Lwwhwwohmt lmd Gaa~d`mltàm E`hid Blmdnaacbttv;!!zzz-~hi`hezhn-`mt!~z!i`n-mwe!dn066W@D!IJHI/8H bttv;!!zzz-~hi`hezhn-`m t!~z!i`n-mwe!dn066W@D!IJHI/8HJV581AvhmDagxoh JV581AvhmDagxohmt mt VLBA!ZBA- >668- Wleh Bawv`tliw; L Gaiihgtùh ^hwvamw`nì`tp VLBA!ZBA^hwvamw`nì`tp L Jianli Ohlwx~h ae D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm- VLBA! VLBA! ZBAzzz-vlba-a~j!hmji`wb!dd!vhd!WlehBawv`tliwNaaciht-vde Vlmtakl H- >66>- O`g~ae`mlmgh lmd D`wlwth~ ^`wc Olmljhohmt; Hrvh~`hmgh lmd Ihwwamw Ihl~mhd- Zlwb`mjtam DG; tbh Za~id Nlmc- zzz-v~auhm zzz-v~auhmtàmgamwa~t`xo-a~j!tbhohw!dhelx tàmgamwa~t`xo-a~j!tbhohw!dhelxit!vdew!o`g~ae`mQDÔ-vde it!vdew!o`g~ae`mQDÔ-vde


<4:

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D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm Canh Klvlm <2/>> Klmxl~p >668- zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!zgd~!tbholt`g/whwwàmw!ZGD^/d`wgxwwà zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!zgd~!tbholt`g/whwwàmw!ZGD^/d`wgxwwàm/vlvh~/ m/vlvh~/ gixwth~<-vde XMDV!G^HD- >665- Lm Lmlipt`gli ^hu`hz ae Whihgthd Dltl Whtw am Mltx~li D`wlwth~w lmd @ovlgtw- V~hvl~hd ea~ tbh V~aUhmtàm V~aUh mtàm Gamwa~t`xo*w Jianli ^`wc @dhmtè`gltàm V~aj~lo Za~cwbav am @ov~au`mj Gaovìltàm ae ^hi`lnih Dltl am D`wlwth~ Aggx~~hmgh lmd @ovlgt Nlmjcac Tblìlmd- Lv~ì >/4 >665- N~xwwhiw; Ghmt~h ea~ ^hwhl~gb am tbh Hv`dhoàiajp ae D`wlwth~w "G^HD)- zzz-ho/dl zzz-ho/dlt-mht!dagxohmtw!Vxni`gltàm!T t-mht!dagxohmtw!Vxni`gltàm!TwgbahjiDltlWhtw^hu`hz wgbahjiDltlWhtw^hu`hz-vde -vde XMHV- >665- Le~`gl Hmu`~amohmt Axtiaac > / Ax~ Hmu`~amohmt Ax~ Zhlitb- Ml`~an` Chmpl; XMHVXMHVXMHVzzz-xmhv-a~j!DHZL!Le~`gl!dagw!hm zzz-xmhv-a~ j!DHZL!Le~`gl!dagw!hm!LHA>QAx~QHmu`~ !LHA>QAx~QHmu`~amQAx~QZhlitb amQAx~QZhlitb-vde -vde XMHV-- >66>- Jianli Hmu`~amohmt Axtiaac 7 "JHA/7)- Ml`~an` Chmpl; XMHV XMHV XMHV-- zzz-j~`dl-ma!jha!jha7!hmji`wb!`mdhr-bto zzz-j~`dl-ma!jha!jha7!hmji`wb!`mdhr-bto XMHV!AGBL Hmu`~amohmtli Xm`t- >668- Jx`dhi`mhw Jx`dhi`mhw ea~ tbh Dhuhiavohmt ae l Mltàmli Hmu`~amohmtli Gamt`mjhmgp Gamt`mjhmgp Vilmzzz-~hi`hezhn-`mt!AGBLQAI!v~aj~low!~h zzz-~hi`hezhn -`mt!AGBLQAI!v~aj~low!~hwvamwh!xmhv!vilmjx`d wvamwh!xmhv!vilmjx`d-btoi -btoi XMHWGA- >668- Jx`dhi`mhw lmd ^hgaoohmdltàmw ea~ ^ha~`hmt`mj Thlgbh~ Hdxgltàm ta Ldd~hww Wxwtl`mlnì`tp Wxwtl`mlnì`tp-- Thgbm`gli Vlvh~ Ma- > / 8- Vl~`w; 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L ihjli e~lohza~c ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm hr`wtw z`tb hrvi`g`t ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw dhe`mhd ea~ lii ihuhiw ae jauh~m/ ohmt L mltàmli oxit`/whgta~li viltea~o ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `w avh~ltàmli L mltàmli vai`gp e~lohza~c ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm hr`wtw tblt ~h|x`~hw vilmw lmd lgtù`t`hw lt lii ldo`m`wt~l/ tùh ihuhiw e~ao mltàmli ta iagli ihuhiwDhd`glthd lmd ldh|xlth ~hwax~ghw l~h lulìlnih ta òvihohmt d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vilmw lt lii ldo`m`wt~ltùh ihuhiw-

@ov~au`mj ~`wc `mea~oltàm lmd hl~ip zl~m`mj •

Mltàmli ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw nlwhd am bl{l~d dltl lmd uximh~lnì`tp `mea~oltàm l~h lulìlnih lmd `mgixdh ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw ea~ chp whgta~w-

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Wpwthow l~h `m vilgh ta oam`ta~ l~gbùh lmd d`wwho`mlth dltl am chp bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnì`t`hw-

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Hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow l~h `m vilgh ea~ lii olka~ bl{l~dw-

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Hl~ip zl~m`mjw ~hlgb lmd wh~uh vhavih lt tbh gaooxm`tp ihuhi-

Nxìd`mj l gxitx~h ae wlehtp lmd ~hwì`hmgh •

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L mltàmli vxni`g lzl~hmhww wt~lthjp ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~`wc ~hdxgtàm hr`wtw tblt ~hlgbhw lii gaooxm`t`hw lmd vhavih ae lii hdxgltàm ihuhiwWgbaai gx~~`gxil lt lii ihuhiw `mgixdh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm hihohmtw lmd `mwt~xgta~w l~h t~l`mhd `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lt mltàmli tb~axjb ta iagli ihuhiw-


<8<

^hdxg`mj tbh ~`wcw `m chp whgta~w •

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Hmu`~amohmtli v~athgtàm mltx~li ~hwax~gh olmljhohmt lmd giòlth gblmjh vai`g`hw `mgixdh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxg/ tàm hihohmtwWvhgè`g vai`g`hw lmd vilmw l~h nh`mj òvihohmthd ta ~hdxgh tbh uximh~lnì`tp ae òvauh~`wbhd j~axvwIlmd/xwh dhuhiavohmt {am`mj lmd vilmw lmd nxìd`mj gadhw hr`wt lmd `mgixdh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hilthd hihohmtw zb`gb l~h ~`ja~axwip hmea~ghd L iamj/th~o mltàmli v~aj~looh `w `m vilgh ta v~athgt wgbaaiw bhlitb elgì`t`hw lmd g~`t`gli `me~lwt~xgtx~h e~ao gaooam mltx~li bl{l~d huhmtw L v~aghdx~h `w `m vilgh ta lwwhww tbh d`wlwth~ ~`wc òvi`gltàmw ae olka~ `me~lwt~xgtx~h v~akhgt v~avawliw-

Wt~hmjtbhm`mj v~hvl~hdmhww ea~ ~hwvamwh •

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Lm `mdhvhmdhmt lwwhwwohmt ae d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww glvlg`t`hw lmd ohgblm`wow blw nhhm xmdh~tlchm lmd tbh ~hwvamw`nì`tp ea~ òvihohmtltàm ae `tw ~hgaoohmdltàmw bluh nhhm lww`jmhd lmd ~hwax~ghdD`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww vilmw lmd gamt`mjhmgp vilmw l~h `m vilgh lt lii ldo`m`wt~ltùh ihuhiw lmd ~hjxil~ t~l`m`mj d~ìiw lmd ~hbhl~wliw l~h bhid ta thwt lmd dhuhiav d`wlwth~ ~hwvamwh v~aj~loohw Lii a~jlm`{ltàmw vh~wammhi lmd uaixmthh~w ~hwvamw`nih ea~ ol`mtl`m`mj v~hvl~hdmhww l~h h|x`vvhd lmd t~l`mhd ea~ heehgtùh d`wlwth~ v~hvl~hdmhww lmd ~hwvamwhE`mlmg`li ~hwh~uhw lmd gamt`mjhmgp ohgblm`wow l~h `m vilgh ta wxvva~t heehgtùh ~hwvamwh lmd ~hgauh~p zbhm ~h|x`~hdV~aghdx~hw l~h `m vilgh ta dagxohmt hrvh~`hmgh dx~`mj bl{l~d huhmtw lmd d`wlwth~w lmd ta xmdh~tlch vawt/ huhmt ~hu`hzw-

<8>


Lmmhr @U Th~o`maiajp<6 Nxìd`mj gadhw; A~d`mlmghw lmd ~hjxiltàmw gamt~aii`mj tbh dhw`jm gamwt~xgtàm olth~`liw lith~ltàm lmd

aggxvlmgp ae lmp wt~xgtx~h ta hmwx~h bxolm wlehtp lmd zhiel~h- Nxìd`mj gadhw `mgixdh natb thgbm`gli lmd exmgtàmli wtlmdl~dw~hwax~ghw lulìlnih z`tb`m l gaooxm`tp gaooxm`tp wag`htp a~ a~jlm`{ltàm Glvlg`tp; L gaon`mltàm ae lii tbh wt~hmjtbw lmd ~hwax~ghw tblt glm ~hdxgh tbh ihuhi ae ~`wc a~ tbh heehgtw ae l d`wlwth~- Glvlg`tp olp `mgixdh vbpw`gli `mwt`txtàmli wag`li a~ hgamao`g ohlmw lw zhii lw wcìihd vh~wamli a~ gaiihgtùh ltt~`nxthw wxgb lw ihldh~wb`v lmd olmljhohmt- Glvlg`tp olp liwa nh dhwg~`nhd lw glvlnì`tpGlvlg`tp/nxìd`mj; Heea~tw lòhd ta dhuhiav bxolm wcìiw a~ wag`htli `me~lwt~xgtx~h z`tb`m l gaooxm`tp a~

a~jlm`{ltàm mhhdhd ta ~hdxgh tbh ihuhi ae ~`wc- Glvlg`tp/nxìd`mj liwa `mgixdhw dhuhiavohmt ae `mwt`txtàmli e`mlmg`li vai`t`gli lmd atbh~ ~hwax~ghw wxgb lw thgbmaiajp lt dèeh~hmt ihuhiw lmd whgta~w ae tbh wag`htpGaooam Gaxmt~p Lwwhwwohmt!Xm`thd Mltàmw Dhuhiavohmt Lww`wtlmgh E~lohza~c; Tbh GGL!XMDLE

v~aghww `w tbh gaooam wt~lthj`g e~lohza~c ea~ tbh avh~ltàmli lgtù`t`hw ae tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Wpwtho lt tbh gaxmt~p ihuhi- @t v~au`dhw l gaiihgtùh gabh~hmt lmd `mthj~lthd Xm`thd Mltàmw Wpwtho ~hwvamwh ta mltàmli v~à~`t`hw lmd mhhdw z`tb`m tbh e~lohza~c ae tbh Oìihmm`xo Dhuhiavohmt Jaliw lmd tbh atbh~ gaoo`tohmtw jaliw lmd tl~jhtw ae tbh Oìihmm`xo Dhgil~ltàm lmd tbh dhgil~ltàmw lmd v~aj~loohw ae lgtàm ldavthd lt `mth~mltàmli gameh~hmghw lmd wxoo`tw lmd tb~axjb olka~ Xm`thd Mltàmw gamuhmtàmw- Tbh GGL `w tbh ol`m d`ljmawt`g taai lulìlnih ta Xm`thd Mltàmw gaxmt~p thlow lmd tbh`~ vl~tmh~w ea~ lwwhww`mj lmd dhuhiav`mj l gaooam xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae tbh xmdh~ip`mj gbliihmjhw elghd np l gaxmt~p `m `tw dhuhiavohmt v~aghww- Tbh XMDLE hoh~jhw e~ao tbh lmlipt`gli lmd gaiilna~ltùh heea~t heea~t ae tbh GGL lmd `w tbh eaxmdltàm ea~ Xm`thd Mltàmw Wpwtho v~aj~loohw v~aj~l oohw ae gaavh~ltàmgaavh~ltàm- "XM!@WD^ lmd XMDV >665) Gav`mj glvlg`tp; Tbh ohlmw np zb`gb vhavih a~ a~jlm`{ltàmw xwh lulìlnih ~hwax~ghw lmd lnì`t`hw ta elgh

lduh~wh gamwh|xhmghw tblt gaxid ihld ta l d`wlwth~- @m jhmh~li tb`w `muaiuhw olmlj`mj ~hwax~ghw natb `m ma~oli tòhw lw zhii lw dx~`mj g~`whw a~ lduh~wh gamd`tàmw- Tbh wt~hmjtbhm`mj ae gav`mj glvlg`t`hw xwxliip nxìdw ~hwì`hmgh ta z`tbwtlmd tbh heehgtw ae mltx~li lmd bxolm/`mdxghd bl{l~dwG~`t`gli elgì`t`hw!hoh~jhmgp wh~u`ghw; Tbawh elgì`t`hw "wxgb lw bawv`tliw vazh~ wtltàmw ièhi`mhw) lmd wh~u`ghw

"wxgb lw Vai`gh E`~h Wh~u`gh Lonxilmgh ^hd G~aww lmd ^hd G~hwghmt lmd uaixmtl~p ljhmg`hw) tblt bluh wvhgè`g ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw lmd ankhgtùhw `m wh~u`mj lmd v~athgt`mj vhavih lmd v~avh~tp `m d`wlwth~ w`txltàmw- "D~let dhe`m`tàm xmdh~ d`wgxwwàm) Dhuhiavohmt vilmm`mj v~aghwwhw; V~algtùh lgtàmw tblt liiaz mltàmli whgta~li ~hjàmli a~ iagli jauh~mohmt

lmd `tw vl~tmh~w ta wxvva~t lmd hmjljh tbh `mthiihgtxli vbpw`gli lmd hgamao`g ~hwax~ghw ta gbl~t l gax~wh tazl~d l dhw`~hd extx~h ae dhuhiavohmt ~hilthd am hlgb ihuhiD`wlwth~; L wh~àxw d`w~xvtàm ae tbh exmgtàm`mj ae l gaooxm`tp a~ l wag`htp glxw`mj z`dhwv~hld bxolm olth~`li

hgamao`g a~ hmu`~amohmtli iawwhw zb`gb hrghhd tbh lnì`tp ae tbh leehgthd gaooxm`tp a~ wag`htp ta gavh xw`mj `tw <6 Dhe`m`tàmw e~ao @WD^ Th~o`maiajp Th~o`maiajp uh~wàm >664 "zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!th~o`maiajp) "zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!th~o`maiajp) xmihww atbh~z`wh wtlthd-


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azm ~hwax~ghw- L d`wlwth~ `w l exmgtàm ae tbh ~`wc v~aghww- @t ~hwxitw e~ao tbh gaon`mltàm ae bl{l~dw gamd`tàmw ae uximh~lnì`tp lmd `mwxee`g`hmt glvlg`tp a~ ohlwx~hw ta ~hdxgh tbh vathmt`li mhjltùh gamwh|xhmghw ae ~`wcD`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt ; Tbh wpwtholt`g v~aghww ae xw`mj ldo`m`wt~ltùh dhg`wàmw a~jlm`{ltàm avh~ltàmli

wcìiw lmd glvlg`t`hw ta òvihohmt vai`g`hw wt~lthj`hw lmd gav`mj glvlg`t`hw ae tbh wag`htp lmd gaooxm`t`hw ta ihwwhm tbh òvlgtw ae mltx~li bl{l~dw lmd ~hilthd hmu`~amohmtli lmd thgbmaiaj`gli d`wlwth~w- Tb`w gaov~`whw lii ea~ow ae lgtù`t`hw `mgixd`mj wt~xgtx~li lmd mam/wt~xgtx~li ohlwx~hw ta lua`d "v~huhmtàm) a~ ta iò`t "o`t`jltàm lmd v~hvl~hdmhww) lduh~wh heehgtw ae bl{l~dwD`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm; Tbh gamghvtxli e~lohza~c ae hihohmtw gamw`dh~hd z`tb tbh vaww`nì`t`hw ta o`mò`{h

uximh~lnì`t`hw lmd d`wlwth~ ~`wcw tb~axjbaxt l wag`htp ta lua`d "v~huhmtàm) a~ ta iò`t "o`t`jltàm lmd v~hvl~hdmhww) tbh lduh~wh òvlgtw ae bl{l~dw z`tb`m tbh n~ald gamthrt ae wxwtl`mlnih dhuhiavohmtD`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm gblovàm; Lm `meixhmt`li vh~wam `mth~hwthd `m d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm zba `w zìi`mj ta tlch

lgtàm ta olch d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm l vxni`g v~à~`tp- L gblovàm olp nh lmp dhth~o`mhd jauh~mohmt aee`g`li l v~aehwwàmli `m amh ae olmp e`hidw a~ l gaooxm`tp lgtù`wt- @mwt`txtàmw a~ huhm gaxmt~`hw glm vilp gblovàm`mj ~aihw- "D~let dhe`m`tàm xmdh~ d`wgxwwàm) D`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vilmw; Dagxohmtw tblt wht axt vilmm`mj lxtba~`t`hw* vai`g`hw lmd v~avawliw ea~ d`wlwth~

~`wc ~hdxgtàm zb`gb wbaxid nh gamw`dh~hd `m tbh ~hwvhgtùh dhuhiavohmt vilm lmd dhuhiavohmt lgtàmw- Dxh ta tbh dèeh~hmt jhaj~lvb`gli wglihw lvvi`glnih lt dèeh~hmt ihuhiw d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vilmw l~h wvhgè`g ta hlgb ihuhi ae jauh~mohmt- "D~let dhe`m`tàm xmdh~ d`wgxwwàm) Hl~ip zl~m`mj wpwtho; Tbh v~au`wàm ae tòhip lmd heehgtùh `mea~oltàm tb~axjb `dhmtè`hd `mwt`txtàmw tblt liiazw

`mdù`dxliw hrvawhd ta l bl{l~d ta tlch lgtàm ta lua`d a~ ~hdxgh tbh`~ ~`wc lmd v~hvl~h ea~ heehgtùh ~hwvamwhHl~ip zl~m`mj wpwthow `mgixdh l gbl`m ae gamgh~mw mlohip; xmdh~wtlmd`mj lmd olvv`mj tbh bl{l~d oam`ta~`mj lmd ea~hglwt`mj òvhmd`mj huhmtw v~aghww`mj lmd d`wwho`mlt`mj xmdh~wtlmdlnih zl~m`mjw ta vai`t`gli lxtba~`t`hw lmd tbh vavxiltàm lmd xmdh~tlc`mj lvv~av~`lth lmd tòhip lgtàmw `m ~hwvamwh ta tbh zl~m`mjwHgawpwtho; L gaovihr wht ae ~hiltàmwb`vw ae iù`mj a~jlm`wow exmgtàm`mj lw l xm`t lmd `mth~lgt`mj z`tb tbh`~

vbpw`gli hmu`~amohmt- Tbh naxmdl~`hw ae zblt gaxid nh gliihd lm hgawpwtho l~h waohzblt l~n`t~l~p dhvhmd`mj am tbh eagxw ae `mth~hwt a~ wtxdp- Tbxw tbh hrthmt ae lm hgawpwtho olp ~lmjh e~ao uh~p wolii wvlt`li wglihw ta xitòlthip tbh hmt`~h Hl~tbHgawpwtho wh~u`ghw; Tbh nhmhe`tw vhavih antl`m e~ao hgawpwthow- Tbhwh `mgixdh v~au`wàm`mj wh~u`ghw wxgb lw

eaad lmd zlth~3 ~hjxilt`mj wh~u`ghw wxgb lw ~hjxiltàm ae eiaadw d~axjbt ilmd dhj~ldltàm lmd d`whlwh3 wxvva~t`mj wh~u`ghw wxgb lw waì ea~oltàm lmd mxt~`hmt gpgi`mj3 lmd gxitx~li wh~u`ghw wxgb lw ~hg~hltàmli wv`~`txli ~hi`jàxw lmd atbh~ mam/olth~`li nhmhe`tw- "Blwwlm Wgbaihw lmd Lwb >668) Hihohmtw lt ~`wc; Tbh hihohmtw lt ~`wc `mgixdh lmptb`mj tblt glm nh dloljhd / vhavih `me~lwt~xgtx~h g~avw

naltw uhb`gihw htgHoh~jhmgp olmljhohmt; Tbh a~jlm`{ltàm lmd olmljhohmt ae ~hwax~ghw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw ea~ dhli`mj z`tb lii

lwvhgtw ae hoh~jhmg`hw `mgixd`mj `m vl~t`gxil~ v~hvl~hdmhww ~hwvamwh lmd hl~ip ~hgauh~p z`tb`m l ~`wc ~hdxgtàm gamthrt- @t `muaiuhw vilmw `mwt`txtàmli wt~xgtx~hw lmd l~~lmjhohmtw hwtlni`wbhd ta hmjljh tbh ma~oli hmdhluax~w ae jauh~mohmt uaixmtl~p lmd v~ùlth ljhmg`hw `m l gaov~hbhmwùh lmd gaa~d`mlthd zlp ta ~hwvamd ta ldd~hww tbh exii wvhgt~xo ae hoh~jhmgp mhhdw- Tb`w `w liwa cmazm lw d`wlwth~ olmljhohmtHmu`~amohmtli dhj~ldltàm; Tbh ~hdxgtàm ae tbh glvlg`tp ae tbh hmu`~amohmt ta ohht wag`li lmd hgaiaj`gli

ankhgtùhw lmd mhhdw- Vathmt`li heehgtw l~h ul~`hd lmd olp gamt~`nxth ta lm `mg~hlwh `m uximh~lnì`tp lmd tbh e~h|xhmgp lmd `mthmw`tp ae mltx~li bl{l~dw- Waoh hrlovihw; ilmd dhj~ldltàm dhea~hwtltàm dhwh~tè`gltàm zìdilmd e`~hw iaww ae nàdùh~w`tp ilmd zlth~ lmd l`~ vaiixtàm giòlth gblmjh whl/ihuhi ~`wh lmd a{amh dhvihtàmHmu`~amohmtli òvlgt lwwhwwohmt; Wtxd`hw xmdh~tlchm `m a~dh~ ta lwwhww tbh heehgt am l wvhgè`hd hmu`~amohmt ae

tbh `mt~adxgtàm ae lmp mhz elgta~ zb`gb olp xvwht tbh gx~~hmt hgaiaj`gli nlilmgh- Hmu`~amohmtli òvlgt lwwhwwohmt "H@L) `w l vai`gpolc`mj taai tblt wh~uhw ta v~au`dh hu`dhmgh lmd lmlipw`w ae hmu`~amohmtli òvlgtw ae lgtù`t`hw e~ao gamghvtàm ta dhg`wàm/olc`mj- @t `w xtì`{hd hrthmwùhip `m mltàmli v~aj~loo`mj lmd ea~ `mth~mltàmli dhuhiavohmt lww`wtlmgh v~akhgtw- Lm H@L oxwt `mgixdh l dhtlìhd ~`wc lwwhwwohmt lmd v~au`dh lith~mltùh waixtàmw a~ avtàmwHrvawx~h; Hrvawx~h `w tbh dhj~hh ta zb`gb tbh hihohmtw lt ~`wc l~h i`chip ta hrvh~`hmgh bl{l~d huhmtw ae dèeh~hmt

oljm`txdhw<84


Bl{l~d; L vathmt`liip dlolj`mj vbpw`gli huhmt vbhmaohmam a~ bxolm lgtù`tp tblt olp glxwh tbh iaww ae ièh a~

`mkx~p v~avh~tp dloljh wag`li lmd hgamao`g d`w~xvtàm a~ hmu`~amohmtli dhj~ldltàmBl{l~d lmlipw`w; @dhmtè`gltàm wtxd`hw lmd oam`ta~`mj ae lmp bl{l~d ta dhth~o`mh `tw vathmt`li a~`j`m

gbl~lgth~`wt`gw lmd nhbluàx~Ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj; N~lmgb ae vbpw`gli lmd wagà/hgamao`g vilmm`mj tblt dhth~o`mhw tbh ohlmw lmd lwwhwwhw

tbh ulixhw a~ iò`tltàmw ae ul~àxw avtàmw `m zb`gb ilmd `w ta nh xtì`{hd z`tb tbh ga~~hwvamd`mj heehgtw am dèeh~hmt whjohmtw ae tbh vavxiltàm a~ `mth~hwtw ae l gaooxm`tp tlchm `mta lggaxmt `m ~hwxit`mj dhg`wàmw- Ilmd/xwh vilmm`mj `muaiuhw wtxd`hw lmd olvv`mj lmlipw`w ae hmu`~amohmtli lmd bl{l~d dltl ea~oxiltàm ae lith~mltùh ilmd/ xwh dhg`wàmw lmd dhw`jm ae l iamj/~lmjh vilm ea~ dèeh~hmt jhaj~lvb`gli lmd ldo`m`wt~ltùh wglihwO`g~ae`mlmgh lmd o`g~ag~hd`t; V~aj~loohw hrthmd`mj wolii ialmw lmd atbh~ e`mlmg`li wh~u`ghw wxgb lw wlu`mjw

ta uh~p vaa~ vhavih ea~ whie/hoviapohmt v~akhgtw tblt jhmh~lth `mgaoh liiaz`mj tbho ta gl~h ea~ tbhowhiuhw lmd tbh`~ eloì`hw- "O`g~ag~hd`t Wxoo`t Glovl`jm) O`t`jltàm; Wt~xgtx~li lmd mam/wt~xgtx~li ohlwx~hw xmdh~tlchm ta iò`t tbh lduh~wh òvlgt ae mltx~li bl{l~dw

hmu`~amohmtli dhj~ldltàm lmd thgbmaiaj`gli bl{l~dw- "Hrlovihw ae wt~xgtx~li ohlwx~hw l~h hmj`mhh~`mj za~cw lmd bl{l~d/~hw`wtlmt gamwt~xgtàm zbìh mam/wt~xgtx~li ohlwx~hw `mgixdh lzl~hmhww/~l`w`mj cmazihdjh dhuhiavohmt vai`g`hw am ilmd xwh lmd ~hwax~gh olmljhohmt lmd elgì`t`hw* avh~lt`mj v~lgt`ghwOxit`/wtlchbaidh~; L th~o ta dhwg~`nh l j~axv`mj ae `mdù`dxliw lmd a~jlm`{ltàmw zba bluh l `mth~hwt a~ .wtlch. `m

l v~aniho lmd zba gaavh~lth ta tlch lgtàm am tbh v~aniho / `m tb`w glwh ta ~hdxgh d`wlwth~ ~`wc- "D~let dhe`m`tàm xmdh~ d`wgxwwàm) Mltàmli viltea~o ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm; L mltàmliip azmhd lmd ihd ea~xo a~ gaoo`tthh ae oxit`/

wtlchbaidh~w- @t wh~uhw lw lm lduaglth ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lt dèeh~hmt ihuhiw lmd v~au`dhw gaa~d`mltàm lmlipw`w lmd ldu`gh am l~hlw ae v~à~`tp ~h|x`~`mj gamgh~thd lgtàm tb~axjb l gaa~d`mlthd lmd vl~t`g`vlta~p v~aghww- L Mltàmli Viltea~o ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm wbaxid nh tbh gaa~d`mltàm ohgblm`wo ea~ ol`mwt~hlo`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta dhuhiavohmt vai`g`hw vilmm`mj lmd v~aj~loohw `m i`mh z`tb tbh òvihohmtltàm ae tbh BEL- @t wbaxid lò ta gamt~`nxth ta tbh hwtlni`wbohmt lmd tbh dhuhiavohmt ae l gaov~hbhmwùh mltàmli d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm wpwtho lw lvv~av~`lth ta hlgb gaxmt~p- "XM!@WD^ Jx`dhi`mhw Mltàmli Viltea~ow ea~ D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm) Mltàmli vai`gp e~lohza~c; L wht ae vai`g`hw ldavthd np l mltàmli lxtba~`tp ta dhe`mh lmd gabh~hmtip ldd~hww l

vl~t`gxil~ `wwxh lmd ta jx`dh dhg`wàm/olc`mj zbh~h tbhwh vai`g`hw gaov~`wh ~hihulmt lwwhwwohmtw wt~lthj`hw jaliw lvv~algbhw ~xihw vilmw lgtù`t`hw v~à~`t`hw ljhmtw lmd ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw- L mltàmli d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vai`gp e~lohza~c glm jx`dh lii wtlchbaidh~w / whgta~ ljhmg`hw iagli jauh~mohmtw lmd atbh~w / `m tbh dhuhiavohmt ae gaovihohmtl~p ~`wc ~hdxgtàm vai`g`hw `m tbh`~ l~hlw ae lxtba~`tp- "D~let dhe`m`tàm xmdh~ d`wgxwwàm) Vauh~tp ^hdxgtàm Wt~lthjp Vlvh~w; V~hvl~hd np jauh~mohmtw `m iaz/`mgaoh gaxmt~`hw tb~axjb l vl~t`g`vlta~p

v~aghww `muaiu`mj daohwt`g wtlchbaidh~w lmd hrth~mli dhuhiavohmt vl~tmh~w `mgixd`mj tbh @mth~mltàmli Oamhtl~p Exmd lmd tbh Za~id Nlmc- V^WVw dhwg~`nh tbh olg~ahgamao`g wt~xgtx~li lmd wag`li vai`g`hw lmd v~aj~loohw tblt l gaxmt~p zìi vx~wxh auh~ whuh~li phl~w ta v~aoath n~ald/nlwhd j~aztb lmd ~hdxgh vauh~tp lw zhii lw hrth~mli e`mlmg`mj mhhdw lmd tbh lwwag`lthd wax~ghw ae e`mlmg`mj- "@mth~mltàmli Oamhtl~p Exmd) V~hvl~hdmhww; V~h/d`wlwth~ lgtù`t`hw tblt l~h xmdh~tlchm z`tb`m tbh gamthrt ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc olmljhohmt lmd l~h

nlwhd am waxmd ~`wc lmlipw`w- Tb`w `mgixdhw tbh dhuhiavohmt!hmblmghohmt ae lm auh~lii v~hvl~hdmhww wt~lthjp vai`gp `mwt`txtàmli wt~xgtx~h zl~m`mj lmd ea~hglwt`mj glvlnì`t`hw lmd vilmw tblt dhe`mh ohlwx~hw jhl~hd ta bhiv`mj lt/~`wc gaooxm`t`hw wlehjxl~d tbh`~ iùhw lmd lwwhtw np nh`mj lih~t ta bl{l~dw lmd tlc`mj lvv~av~`lth lgtàm `m tbh elgh ae lm òo`mhmt tb~hlt a~ lm lgtxli d`wlwth~- "AGBL) V~huhmtàm; Lgtù`t`hw ta v~au`dh axt~`jbt lua`dlmgh ae tbh lduh~wh òvlgt ae bl{l~dw lmd ohlmw ta o`mò`{h

~hilthd hmu`~amohmtli thgbmaiaj`gli lmd nàiaj`gli d`wlwth~w- Dhvhmd`mj am wag`li lmd thgbm`gli ehlw`nì`tp lmd gawt/nhmhe`t gamw`dh~ltàmw `muhwt`mj `m v~huhmtùh ohlwx~hw `w kxwtè`hd `m l~hlw e~h|xhmtip leehgthd np d`wlwth~w@m tbh gamthrt ae vxni`g lzl~hmhww lmd hdxgltàm ~hilthd ta d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm gblmj`mj ltt`txdhw lmd nhbluàx~ gamt~`nxth ta v~aoat`mj l .gxitx~h ae v~huhmtàm.Vxni`g lzl~hmhww; Tbh v~aghwwhw ae `mea~o`mj tbh jhmh~li vavxiltàm `mg~hlw`mj ihuhiw ae gamwgàxwmhww lnaxt

~`wcw lmd baz vhavih glm lgt ta ~hdxgh tbh`~ hrvawx~h ta bl{l~dw- Tb`w `w vl~t`gxil~ip òva~tlmt ea~ vxni`g aee`g`liw


<88

`m exieìi`mj tbh`~ ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw ta wluh iùhw lmd v~avh~tp `m tbh huhmt ae l d`wlwth~- Vxni`g lzl~hmhww lgtù`t`hw eawth~ gblmjhw `m nhbluàx~ ihld`mj tazl~dw l gxitx~h ae ~`wc ~hdxgtàm- Tb`w `muaiuhw vxni`g `mea~oltàm d`wwho`mltàm hdxgltàm ~ldà a~ thihu`wàm n~aldglwtw lmd xwh ae v~`mthd ohd`l lw zhii lw tbh hwtlni`wbohmt ae `mea~oltàm ghmt~hw lmd mhtza~cw lmd gaooxm`tp lmd vl~t`g`vltàm lgtàmwVxni`g/v~ùlth vl~tmh~wb`v; L uaixmtl~p lwwag`ltàm ae natb wtlth lmd mam/wtlth lgta~w a~ a~jlm`{ltàmli hmt`t`hw

tpv`gliip d~lzm e~ao jauh~mohmt nxw`mhww v~aehwwàmli lmd!a~ lgldho`g `mwt`txtàmw lmd atbh~ hihohmtw ae gùì wag`htp ta ldd~hww gaooamip bhid ankhgtùhw tb~axjb wbl~hd ~hwax~ghw wcìiw lmd lnì`t`hw- Vl~tmh~wb`vw tpv`gliip `muaiuh waoh ea~o ae ka`mt dhg`wàm/olc`mj lmd wbl~`mj ae ~hwvamw`nì`t`hw avva~txm`t`hw lmd ~`wcw `m ~hgajm`tàm tblt tbh gaon`mhd ulixh ae tbh`~ ~hwvhgtùh ltt~`nxthw v~au`dhw j~hlth~ vathmt`li ea~ lggaovi`wbohmt tblm zaxid nh vaww`nih tb~axjb `mdù`dxli heea~tw- "O`g~ag~hd`t Wxoo`t Glovl`jm) ^hgauh~p; Dhg`wàmw lmd lgtàmw tlchm leth~ l d`wlwth~ z`tb l u`hz ta ~hwta~`mj a~ òv~au`mj tbh v~h/d`wlwth~ iù`mj

gamd`tàmw ae tbh wt~`gchm gaooxm`tp zbìh hmgax~lj`mj lmd elgì`tlt`mj mhghwwl~p ldkxwtohmtw ta ~hdxgh d`wlwth~ ~`wc- ^hgauh~p "~hblnì`tltàm lmd ~hgamwt~xgtàm) leea~dw lm avva~txm`tp ta dhuhiav lmd lvvip d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ohlwx~hw^hi`he!~hwvamwh; Tbh v~au`wàm ae lww`wtlmgh a~ `mth~uhmtàm dx~`mj a~ òohd`lthip leth~ l d`wlwth~ ta ohht tbh ièh

v~hwh~ultàm lmd nlw`g wxnw`wthmgh mhhdw ae tbawh vhavih leehgthd- @t glm nh ae lm òohd`lth wba~t/th~o a~ v~at~lgthd dx~ltàm^hwì`hmgh; Tbh glvlg`tp ae l wpwtho gaooxm`tp a~ wag`htp vathmt`liip hrvawhd ta bl{l~dw ta ldlvt np ~hw`wt`mj

a~ gblmj`mj `m a~dh~ ta ~hlgb lmd ol`mtl`m lm lgghvtlnih ihuhi ae exmgtàm`mj lmd wt~xgtx~h- Tb`w `w dhth~o`mhd np tbh dhj~hh ta zb`gb tbh wag`li wpwtho `w glvlnih ae a~jlm`{`mj `twhie ta `mg~hlwh `tw glvlg`tp ea~ ihl~m`mj e~ao vlwt d`wlwth~w ea~ nhtth~ extx~h v~athgtàm lmd ta òv~auh ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ohlwx~hw^ht~ae`tt`mj; ^h`mea~ghohmt ae wt~xgtx~hw ta nhgaoh oa~h ~hw`wtlmt lmd ~hwì`hmt ta tbh ea~ghw ae mltx~li bl{l~dw-

^ht~ae`tt`mj `muaiuhw gamw`dh~ltàm ae gblmjhw `m tbh olww wtèemhww dlov`mj iald vltb lmd dxgtì`tp ae olth~`liw lw zhii lw ~ld`gli gblmjhw wxgb lw tbh `mt~adxgtàm ae hmh~jp/lnwa~n`mj dlovh~w lmd nlwh `wailtàm wpwthow^`wc; Tbh v~anlnì`tp ae bl~oexi gamwh|xhmghw a~ hrvhgthd iawwhw "dhltbw `mkx~`hw v~avh~tp iùhi`baadw

hgamao`g lgtù`tp d`w~xvthd a~ hmu`~amohmt dloljhd) ~hwxit`mj e~ao `mth~lgtàmw nhtzhhm mltx~li a~ bxolm/ `mdxghd bl{l~dw lmd uximh~lnih gamd`tàmw^`wc lwwhwwohmt!lmlipw`w; L ohtbadaiajp ta dhth~o`mh tbh mltx~h lmd hrthmt ae ~`wc np lmlipw`mj vathmt`li

bl{l~dw lmd hulixlt`mj hr`wt`mj gamd`tàmw ae uximh~lnì`tp tblt gaxid vawh l vathmt`li tb~hlt a~ bl~o ta vhavih v~avh~tp iùhi`baadw lmd tbh hmu`~amohmt am zb`gb tbhp dhvhmd^`wc lua`dlmgh; V~lgt`ghw tblt xwh ga~va~lth hrvh~t`wh `m l~hlw wxgb lw hmth~v~`wh ~`wc olmljhohmt ta `dhmtèp

avva~txm`t`hw ta lua`d ~`wcw- Ea~ `mwtlmgh ~`wc glm nh lua`dhd np z`tbbaid`mj gamwt~xgtàm vh~o`wwàm a~ avh~lt`mj i`ghmghw `m b`jb/~`wc l~hlw wxgb lw eiaad vil`mw gawtli {amhw lmd ilmdwi`dh v~amh l~hlw- "D~let dhe`m`tàm xmdh~ d`wgxwwàm) ^`wc o`t`jltàm; Xwh ae ga~va~lth hrvh~t`wh lmd `muhwtohmtw ta `dhmtèp lmd ~ht~ae`t ièhi`mh elgì`t`hw wxgb lw

bawv`tliw lmd aì dhvatw zb`gb l~h w`txlthd `m bl{l~daxw l~hlw lmd zb`gb è dloljhd gaxid `mth~~xvt ma~oli avh~ltàmw ae nxw`mhwwhw lmd gaooxm`t`hw- Tbh wloh lvv~algb `w lvvi`hd ta ièhi`mh elgì`tp mhtza~cw "i`ch vazh~ i`mhw gaooxm`gltàmw mhtza~cw lmd zlth~ wxvvip lmd wlm`tltàm)- ^`wc o`t`jltàm liwa `muaiuhw hmgax~lj`mj ga~va~lth vl~tmh~w ta vaai ~hwax~ghw; nxìd`mj ea~ hrlovih l ~hi`lnih ga~va~lth vazh~ jhmh~ltàm elgì`tp ea~ l gaooxm`tp ae nxw`mhwwhw `m tbh wloh oxm`g`vli`tp ~ltbh~ tblm ~hip`mj am `mdù`dxli wtlmdnp jhmh~lta~w ea~ hlgb hmth~v~`wh- Jauh~mohmtw gaxid liwa ga/`muhwt `m `mg~hlw`mj tbh ~hi`lnì`tp ae oxm`g`vli xtì`t`hw wa tblt tbhp zìi wtlp avh~ltàmli dx~`mj hrvhgthd bl{l~daxw gamd`tàmw- "D~let dhe`m`tàm xmdh~ d`wgxwwàm) ^`wc t~lmweh~; @mwx~lmgh lmd ~h`mwx~lmgh natb ea~ vbpw`gli dloljh lmd nxw`mhww `mth~~xvtàm gauh~ljh tblt

zaxid v~au`dh glwb gaovhmwltàm òohd`lthip leth~ tbh d`wlwth~- Ta tbh hrthmt vaww`nih g~hlth il~jh vaai ae `mwx~hd ta lua`d vlp`mj b`jb v~ho`xow lmd `mt~adxgh olmdlta~p `mwx~lmgh ea~ tbawh nxw`mhwwhw lmd vxni`g `mwt`txtàmw tblt bluh ta avh~lth `m tbh bl{l~daxw gamd`tàmw- "D~let dhe`m`tàm xmdh~ d`wgxwwàm) Wghml~àw; Lm lggaxmt a~ wpmavw`w ae l vaww`nih gax~wh ae huhmtw tblt gaxid aggx~ `mgixd`mj tbh dhuhiavohmt ae

bpvatbht`gli òvlgt- Tbhwh wghml~àw ea~o tbh nlw`w ea~ vilmm`mj v~huhmtàm o`t`jltàm a~ v~hvl~hdmhww- "D~let dhe`m`tàm xmdh~ d`wgxwwàm) Uximh~lnì`tp; Tbh gamd`tàmw dhth~o`mhd np vbpw`gli wag`li hgamao`g lmd hmu`~amohmtli elgta~w a~ v~aghwwhw

zb`gb `mg~hlwh tbh wxwghvt`nì`tp ae l gaooxm`tp ta tbh òvlgt ae bl{l~dw<85


Lmmhr U Vauh~tp ^hdxgtàm Wt~lthjp Vlvh~w V~hvl~`mj l Xm`thd Mltàmw Dhuhiavohmt Lww`wtlmgh E~lohza~c V~au`wàmw ta ldd~hww d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ea~ tbh vaa~ mhhd ta nh `mgixdhd `m l gaxmt~p*w Vauh~tp ^hdxgtàm Wt~lthjp Vlvh~ lmd `m tbh Gaooam Gaxmt~p Lwwhwwohmt lmd Xm`thd Mltàmw Dhuhiavohmt Lww`wtlmgh E~lohza~c lw v~avawhd `m Tlwc 4->- Tb`w Lmmhr v~au`dhw ex~tbh~ `mea~oltàm am tbhwh tza v~aghwwhw-

"@) @mthj~lt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta Vauh~tp ^hdxgtàm Wt~lthjp Vlvh~w Vauh~tp ^hdxgtàm Wt~lthjp Vlvh~w "V^WVw) l~h v~hvl~hd np jauh~mohmtw `m iaz/`mgaoh gaxmt~`hw tb~axjb l vl~t`g`vlta~p v~aghww `muaiu`mj daohwt`g wtlchbaidh~w lmd hrth~mli dhuhiavohmt vl~tmh~w `mgixd`mj tbh @mth~mltàmli Oamhtl~p Exmd lmd tbh Za~id Nlmc- V^WVw dhwg~`nh tbh olg~ahgamao`g wt~xgtx~li lmd wag`li vai`g`hw lmd v~aj~loohw tblt l gaxmt~p zìi vx~wxh auh~ whuh~li phl~w ta v~aoath n~ald/nlwhd j~aztb lmd ~hdxgh vauh~tp lw zhii lw hrth~mli e`mlmg`mj mhhdw lmd tbh lwwag`lthd wax~ghw ae e`mlmg`mj- << Eùh wthvw ta `mthj~lth d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m V^WVw;<> Wthv <; Lmlipt`gli lmd d`ljmawt`g za~c •

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Gamw`dh~ tbh ~aih ae uximh~lnì`tp ta mltx~li bl{l~dw lw vl~t ae tbh n~aldh~ lmlipw`w ta `dhmtèp tbh vaa~ lmlipwh tbh whuh~`tp ae vauh~tp `dhmtèp ga~~hilthd elgta~w lmd xmdh~ip`mj dhth~o`mlmtw lmd hrlo`mh tbh gamwt~l`mtw lmd v~à~`t`hw ae tbh vaa~@mu`th mltàmli viltea~ow ta vl~t`g`vlth `m V^WV V^WV lmlipt`g lmd d`ljmawt`g tlwcw zb`gb `mgixdh; ∞

Wxvh~òvawh wvlt`li bl{l~d olvw am vauh~tp olvw-

∞

@dhmtèp vathmt`li gamwh|xhmghw ae d`wlwth~w ea~ ul~àxw ihuhiw ae `mgaoh lmd zhii/nh`mj ae dèeh~hmt j~axvw-

∞

Dhuhiav wt~lthj`hw ta o`mò`{h ~`wcw lmd tbh`~ òvi`gltàmw ea~ `mgaoh-

Wthv >; Wht vauh~tp ~hdxgtàm ankhgtùhw •

Gx~~hmtip oawt V^WVw `dhmtèp d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lw lm `wwxh z`tb`m atbh~ chp v~à~`t`hw wxgb lw l jhmh~li ~hdxgtàm ae wagà/hgamao`g uximh~lnì`tp- @t zaxid nh òva~tlmt hwvhg`liip ea~ b`jb/~`wc gaxmt~`hw ta `dhmtèp d`w/ lwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ankhgtùhw z`tb`m tbh ga~h wt~lthjp ea~ ~hdxg`mj vauh~tp lmd ea~ `mg~hlw`mj hgamao`g j~aztb-

<< E~ao @mth~mltàmli Oamhtl~p Oamhtl~p Exmd- >665- Vauh~tp ^hdxgtàm ^hdxgtàm Wt~lthjp Vlvh~w Vlvh~w "V^WVw)- zzz-òe-a~j!hrth~mli!mv!v zzz-òe-a~j!hrth~mli!mv!v~wv!v~wv-lwv ~wv!v~wv-lwv <> V~aU V~aUhmtà hmtàmm Gamwa~t`xoGamwa~t`xo- >66:>66:-


<8:

Wthv 7; V~à~`t`{h vxni`g lgtàmw ea~ vauh~tp ~hdxgtàm •

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Dhuhiav whgta~li vai`g`hw lmd v~aj~loohw ta ldd~hww tbh Oìihmm`xo Dhuhiavohmt Jaliw "ODJw) `m ul~àxw whgta~w `mgixd`mj hdxgltàm bhlitb lmd `me~lwt~xgtx~h Ldkxwt olg~ahgamao`g lmd wt~xgtx~li ldkxwtohmt vai`g`hw wa tblt tbhp ldd~hww hgamao`g j~aztb z`tbaxt `mg~hlw`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc- Ea~ hrlovih; xwh~ ehhw am `~~`jltàm da mat ~hdxgh tbh gav`mj glvlg`tp ae tbh uximh~lnihDhghmt~li`{h hovazh~ lmd liiaz e`wgli lxtamaop ta ldd~hww ~`wc lt tbh iagli jauh~mohmt ihuhi3 ea~ hrlovih hmlgt ilzw ta hmwx~h whgx~`tp ae ilmd ~`jbt lw `mghmtùhw ea~ ~`wc/~hdxg`mj `muhwtohmtw@mgixdh o`t`jltàm exmdw lw vl~t ae ~hjxil~ nxdjht vilmw ta hmwx~h d`wlwth~/~hwì`hmt `me~lwt~xgtx~h lmd iùhi`baad lwwhtw-

Wthv 4; Hwtlni`wb oam`ta~`mj lmd hulixltàm v~aghdx~hw •

Ea~oxilth |xlmt`tltùh `md`glta~w am d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm ~hilthd ta ODJ `md`glta~w zb`gb tbh mltàmli jauh~m/ ohmtw bluh gaoo`tthd ta oam`ta~ v~heh~lnip lt d`wljj~hjlthd jha/giòlt`g a~ jhavbpw`gli {amhw "whh hrlovih ea~ `md`glta~w ea~ h~ld`glt`mj hrt~hoh vauh~tp lmd bxmjh~ nhiaz)Oìihmm`xo Dhuhiavohmt Jaliw Jali <- H~ld`glth hrt~hoh vauh~tp lmd bxmjh~ D`wlwth~ ~`wc `md`glta~;

Tl~jht <; Bliuh nhtzhhm <006 lmd >6<8 tbh v~ava~tàm ae vhavih zbawh `mgaoh `w ihww tblm amh daiil~ l dlp-

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V~ava~tàm ae vavxiltàm nhiaz XWD < vh~ dlp dahw mat eixgtxlth z`tb ul~`/ ltàmw `m bpd~a/ohtha~aiaj`gli vbhmaohmam "~l`melii gpgiamhw eiaadw) lmd bl{l~d huhmtw i`ch hl~tb|xlchwWbl~h ae vaa~hwt |x`mtìh `m mltàmli gamwxovtàm dahw mat dhgi`mh `m phl~w ae hrt~hoh zhltbh~ lmd bl{l~d huhmtw i`ch gpgiamhw hl~tb|xlchw-

Wthv 8; @ovihohmtltàm hulixltàm lmd ehhdnlgc •

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Lwwhww d`wlwth~ ~`wc lgb`huhohmtw lmd wba~tgao`mjw lw vl~t ae tbh hulixltàm lmd d~lz am ihwwamw ihl~mhd ta hmblmgh tbh heehgtùhmhww ae wxgghwwa~ V^WVwBaid vl~t`g`vlta~p gamwxitltàmw am tbh ~hihulmgh ae d`wlwth~w ta vauh~tp lmd d`wgxww ~hilthd avtàmw ea~ wt~hmjtb/ hm`mj ~hwì`hmgh dx~`mj tbh v~hvl~ltàm ae V^WVw-

"@@) Ldd~hww`mj Ldd~hww`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `m tbh Gaooam Gaxmt~p Lwwhwwohmt Lwwhwwohmt lmd Xm`thd Mltàmw Dhuhiavohmt Lww`wtlmgh E~lohza~cTbh Gaooam Gaxmt~p Lwwhwwohmt!Xm`thd Mltàmw Dhuhiavohmt Lww`wtlmgh E~lohza~c "GGL!XMDLE)

Tbh GGL!XMDLE v~aghww `w tbh gaooam wt~lthj`g e~lohza~c ea~ tbh avh~ltàmli lgtù`t`hw ae tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Wpwtho lt tbh gaxmt~p ihuhi- @t v~au`dhw l gaiihgtùh gabh~hmt lmd `mthj~lthd Xm`thd Mltàmw Wpwtho ~hwvamwh ta mltàmli v~à~`t`hw lmd mhhdw z`tb`m tbh e~lohza~c ae tbh ODJw lmd tbh atbh~ gaoo`tohmtw jaliw lmd tl~jhtw ae tbh Oìihmm`xo Dhgil~ltàm lmd tbh dhgil~ltàmw lmd v~aj~loohw ae lgtàm ldavthd lt `mth~mltàmli gameh~hmghw lmd wxoo`tw lmd tb~axjb olka~ Xm`thd Mltàmw gamuhmtàmw- Tbh GGL `w tbh ol`m d`ljmawt`g taai lulìlnih ta Xm`thd Mltàmw gaxmt~p thlow lmd tbh`~ vl~tmh~w ea~ lwwhww`mj lmd dhuhiav`mj l gaooam xmdh~wtlmd`mj ae tbh xmdh~ip`mj gbliihmjhw elghd np l gaxmt~p `m `tw dhuhiavohmt v~aghww- Tbh XMDLE hoh~jhw e~ao tbh lmlipt`gli lmd gaiilna~ltùh heea~t ae tbh GGL lmd `w tbh eaxmdltàm ea~ Xm`thd Mltàmw Wpwtho v~aj~loohw ae gaavh~ltàm<82


GGL lmlipw`w `mgixdhw tb~hh olka~ wthvw; Wthv <- @mga~va~lt`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta tbh GGL!XMDLE v~aghww

L tba~axjb v~hvl~ltàm ae tbh GGL lmd XMDLE `muaiuhw l z`dh gamwxitltùh v~aghww ae tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw Wpwtho Wpwtho z`tb mltàmli lxtba~`t`hw gùì wag`htp iagli lmd v~ùlth whgta~w- W`jmè`glmtip tbh hrh~g`wh `twhie v~au`dhw l jaad avva~txm`tp ta dhuhiav l gamwhmwxw am chp d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm gbliihmjhw elg`mj wag`htp lmd am tbh nhwt vai`gp avtàmw ea~ ldd~hww`mj tbh ~aat glxwhwTbh eaiiaz`mj v~`mg`vihw wbaxid jx`dh tbh Xm`thd Mltàm*w v~aj~loo`mj v~aghww `m v~hvl~`mj tbh GGL!XMDLE;

GGL Jltbh~`mj @mea~oltàm Lmlipw`w @dhmtè`gltàm A~jlm`{hw tbh ol`m dltl lmd e`md`mjw ~hilthd ta mltx~li bl{l~d ~`wc `mta ~hiltàmwb`vw ae glxwh lmd heehgtw ta `dhmtèp xmdh~ip`mj ~aat glxwhw ~hilthd ta dhuhiavohmt gbliihmjhw-

ae Gaavh~ltàm L~hlw

XMDLE

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D`wlwth~ / ~hilthd elgta~w h-j b`jb bl{l~d hrvawx~h) vauh~tp lmd zhlc jauh~mlmgh-

^hwxit`mj e~ao axtgaoh ae tbh lmlipw`w) wvhgè`g d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `wwxhw) uximh~lnih gaooxm`t`hw lmd ~hjàmw olpnh `dhmtè`hd ta nh tl~jhthd ea~ dhuhiavohmt gaavh~ltàm tb~axjb XMDLE h`tbh~ lw l g~aww gxtt`mj `wwxh a~ lw wtlmd/ liamh d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm-

@dhmtèp tbh ~aat glxwhw ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc `m th~ow ae bl{l~d hrvawx~h lmd uximh~lnì`tp ae hrvawhd vavxiltàmw `me~lwt~xgtx~h lmd hgamao`g lgtù`t`hw Lwwhww lmd dhuhiav ilwt`mj `m/gaxmt~p glvlg`t`hw ea~ d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm lt `mdù`dxli `mwt`txtàmli lmd wag`htli ihuhiw Lò ta ~hdxgh uximh~lnì`t`hw ae tbh vaa~hwt `mgixd`mj `md`jhmaxw vhavihw lmd o`j~lmtw / xwxliip oawt uximh~lnih ta d`wlwth~ ~`wc- ^hdxg`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wc lmd hmblmg`mj tbh gav`mj ohgblm`wow ae vaa~ gaooxm`t`hw wbaxid nh lmlipwhd z`tb`m tbh gamthrt ae vauh~tp liihu`ltàm v~aj~loohw Ldd~hww wvhgè`g bl{l~d ~`wcw lmd uximh~lnì`t`hw tblt olp xmdh~o`mh tbh gaxmt~p*w heea~tw ta lgb`huh tbh ODJw lmd atbh~ `mth~mltàmli gamuhmtàmw ta zb`gb tbh gaxmt~p `w vl~tpXtì`{h ihwwamw ihl~mhd am d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm wt~lthj`hw e~ao vlwt dhuhiavohmt gaavh~ltàm-

L gbhgci`wt ea~ hulixlt`mj tbh `mga~va~ltàm ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm `mta tbh GGL!XMDLE v~aghww `w lulìlnih `m Lmmhr 4 ae tbh XM!@WD^ / XMDV dagxohmt; @mthj~lt`mj D`wlwth~ ^`wc ^hdxgtàm `mta GGL lmd XMDLE Jx`dhi`mhw zb`gb `w lulìlnih lt; bttv;!!zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!hmj!~`wc/~hdxgtàm!wxwtl`mlnihdhuhiavohmt!ggl/xmdle!Lmmhr4/ @mthj~lt`mj/D^^/`mta/GGL/XMDLE-dag


<80

Wthv >; V~hvl V~hvl~`mj ~`mj tbh GGL @mga~v @mga~va~lt`m a~lt`mjj d`wlwth~ ~`wc lwwhwwohmtw lwwhwwohmtw `m GGL olp `mgixdh; `mgixdh;

Hrlovih V~aniho T~hh Lmlipw`w; D`wlwth~/Dhuhiavohmt i`mcljhw Eiaad dhwt~apw iùhw lmd iùhi`baadw Eiaadw

V~aniho

Vhavih iù`mj `m eiaad v~amh {amhw `mgixd`mj ~ùh~ uliihpw @mohd`lth Glxwhw Ilgc ae whgx~hd ilmd thmx~h `m eiaad wlehw l~hlw

Xmdh~ip`mj Glxwhw

Vauh~tp lmd d`whovazh~ohmt

Exmdlohmtli Glxwhw

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Tbh gaovìltàm ae ~hihulmt dltl lmd `mea~oltàm am bl{l~dw leehgt`mj tbh gaxmt~p lmd gamwh|xhmt d`wlwth~ ~`wcwTbh dhth~o`mltàm ae d`wlwth~ ~`wc ihuhiw `muaiuhw tbh `dhmtè`gltàm ae bl{l~d aggx~~hmgh v~anlnì`tp hihohmtw lt ~`wc lmd uximh~lnì`tp ae tbh hihohmtw lt ~`wc ta l vl~t`gxil~ bl{l~d-

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Lm lwwhwwohmt ae tbh xmdh~ip`mj elgta~w d~ù`mj uximh~lnì`tp `mg~hlwhw lmd vathmt`li extx~h d`wlwth~w-

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Lm lwwhwwohmt ae tbh mltàmli glvlg`t`hw lulìlnih ta ldd~hww d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm-

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Tbh `dhmtè`gltàm ae `md`glta~w ea~ ~hdxg`mj d`wlwth~ ~`wcw lwwag`lthd z`tb hlgb vathmt`li dhuhiavohmt gbliihmjh-

Tbh ol`m dltl t~hmdw lmd e`md`mjw mhhd ta nh t~lmweh~~hd `mta glxwh/lmd/heehgt ~hiltàmwb`vw `m a~dh~ ta `dhmtèp ~aat glxwhw xmdh~ip`mj tbh dhuhiavohmt gbliihmjhw- Lvvip`mj lmlipt`gli taaiw wxgb lw l glxwli`tp t~hh bhivw ta `dhmtèp gamt~`nxt`mj glxwhw lmd gil~è`hw tbh`~ ul~àxw dhth~o`mlmtwWthv 7; V~hvl~`mj tbh XMDLE

Leth~ gaovihtàm ae tbh GGL tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw / z`tb `tw chp vl~tmh~w / zìi ldd~hww tbh ga~h v~anihow `dhmtè`hd `m tbh GGL v~aghww v~aghww-Tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw gaxmt~p thlow olp a~jlm`{h l ~hu`hz lmlipw`w lmd d`wgxwwàm l~axmd tbh GGL z`tb lii ~hihulmt mltàmli jauh~mohmt lmd gùì wag`htp lgta~w wa lw ta dhuhiav l d`wlwth~ ~`wc ~hdxgtàm wt~lthjp ea~ `mgixwàm `m tbh XMDLE- Zbhm olka~ d`wlwth~w aggx~ nhtzhhm tbh GGL!XMDLE gpgihw `t olp nh mhghwwl~p ta v~hvl~h lm lddhmdxo ta tbh hr`wt`mj XMDLE- Tbh Xm`thd Mltàmw gaxmt~p thlow zìi tbhm dhuhiav lm axtgaoh lw wbazm `m tbh hrlovih nhiaz-

<56


XMDLE Axtgaoh <; ^hdxghd mxonh~ ae baxwhbaidw iù`mj `m vauh~tp tb~axjb tbh ~hli`{ltàm ae hgamao`g vathmt`li lmd tbh v~au`wàm ae wag`li zhiel~hGaxmt~p V~aj~looh Axtgaohw

Gaxmt~p V~aj~looh Axtvxtw

Vl~tmh~w

<-< @mg~hlwhd jauh~mohmt glvlg`tp ta ldavt lmd òvihohmt jauh~mohmt lmd ka`mt vauh~tp ~hdxgtàm vai`g`hw lmd v~aj~loohw tb~axjb tbh ~hli`{ltàm ae hgamao`g vathmt`li-

<-<-> G~hltàm ae `mgaoh jhmh~ltàm avva~txm`t`hw tb~axjb hoviapohmt lmd v~adxgtàm wxvva~thd `mgixd`mj dùh~wè`hd `mgaoh avtàmw ea~ vavxiltàmw `m b`jb/~`wc l~hlw ta ~hdxgh tbh`~ uximh~lnì`tp ta bl{l~dw "ZN @OE @AO ZEV ZEV ELA)-<-<-7 Lgghww ta lmd tbh xtì`{ltàm ae ~hwax~ghw np tbh vaa~ uximh~lnih lmd eaad `mwhgx~h òv~auhd "ZEV ZN XMDV @AO ELA)-

O`m`wt~p ae Lj~`gxitx~h O`m`wt~p ae Ilnax~ Bhlitb lmd Wag`li Leel`~w O`m`wt~p ae Hmu`~amohmt-

<-> Tbh ldavtàm lmd òvihohmtltàm ae jauh~mohmt lmd ka`mt wag`li v~athgtàm ohgblm`wow ldd~hww`mj tbh mhhdw ae uh~è`hd uximh~lnih vavxiltàm j~axvw "vhmwàmh~w hidh~ip d`wlnihd ldxitw lmd gbìd~hm wt~hht gbìd~hm gbìd~hm lt ~`wc ae `mwt`txtàmli`{ltàm d`wldulmtljhd baxwhbaidw lmd tbawh uximh~lnih ta d`wlwth~w)-

<->-> Ea~oxiltàm ae wag`li v~athgtàm lmd gbìd zhiel~h wpwtho ~hea~o wxvva~thd "XM@GHE ZEV XMDV XMBG^ @AO) `mgixd`mj o`g~ae`mlmgh lmd wag`li wlehtp mhtw lmd o`g~a/ `mwx~lmgh wgbhohw ta `mwxilth iùhi`baadw ljl`mwt d`wlwth~ ~`wcw-

Wtlth Xm`thd Wag`li @muhwtohmt Exmd O`m`wt~p ae Ilnax~ Bhlitb lmd Wag`li Leel`~w O`m`wt~p ae Kxwt`gh O`m`wt~p ae E`mlmgh O`m`wt~p ae Hdxgltàm-


<5<

Lmmhr U@ Gamghvtxli e~lohza~c ea~ d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm Wxool~p ae tbh Bpaja E~lohza~c ea~ Lgtàm

<5>


Gamghvtxli e~lohza~c ea~ d`wlwth~ ~hdxgtàm


<57

<54



<58

@WD^ Xm`thd Mltàmw @mth~mltàmli Wt~lthjp ea~ D`wlwth~ ^hdxgtàm Whg~htl~`lt Jhmhul Thi- ;#4< >> 0<: 2062!206: Elr ; #4< >> 0<: 2054 `wd~Fxm-a~j zzz-xm`wd~-a~j @mth~mltàmli Hmu`~amohmt Baxwh @@ :/0 Gbho`m dh Nlihrh~t GB <><0 Gbîthil`mh Jhmhul) Wz`t{h~ilmd Vawtli Ldd~hww; Vlil`w dhw Mltàmw) GB/<><< Jhmhul) Wz`t{h~ilmd

XM!@WD^/6>/>66:/Jhmhul

Whg~htl~`lt Le~`gl Ml`~an` Thi-; #>84 >6 :5> 4852 #>84 >6 :5> 4<6< Elr; #>84 >6 :5> 4:>5 `wd~/le~`glFxmhv-a~j zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!le~`gl Xm`thd Mltàmw Gaovihr Niagc T âao 7>2) J`j`~` VA Nar 4:6:4 Ml`~an`) Chmpl Whg~htl~`lt Lw`l lmd tbh Vlgè`g Nlmjcac Thi-; #55 > >22 >:48 Elr; #55 > >22 <686 `wd~/nccFxm-a~j zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!lw`lvlgè`g g!a XMHWGLV XM Gameh~hmgh Ghmt~h Nxìd`mj ^lkdlomh~m Mac Luhmxh Nlmjcac <6>66 Tblìlmd

Whg~htl~`lt Ilt`m Loh~`gl lmd tbh Gl~`nnhlm Vlmlol Thi-; #86: 7<: <<>4 Elr; #86: 7<: 6566 h`~dFh`~d-a~j zzz-h`~d-a~j Glwl 247 L p N Luhm`dl L~maida Glma L~awhohml Glovxw dh il G`xdld dhi Wlnh~ Ga~~hjò`hmta dh Lmg÷m Vlmloì VA NAR 62<5/6>25>) Vlmlol G`tp Vlmlol

Viltea~o ea~ tbh V~aoatàm ae Hl~ip Zl~m`mj "VVHZ) Namm Thi-; #40 >>2 2<8 6766 Elr; #40 >>2 2<8 6700 `wd~/vvhzFxm-a~j zzz-xm`wd~/hl~ipzl~m`mj-a~j Bh~olmm/Hbih~w/Wt~lwwh <6 D/87<<7 Namm Jh~olmp

Whg~htl~`lt Zhwt Lw`l lmd Ma~tb Le~`gl Gl`~a) Hjpvt zzz-xm`wd~-a~j!zlml

Vbata gauh~ XM!@WD^

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