TRANSMISIÓN AUTOMÁTICA
BOTIA FANDIÑO JONATHAN JESÚS HERNANDEZ ARISTIZABAL CRISTIAN CAMILO MORENO MARIN ANDRES
MECATRÓNICA AUTOMOTRIZ TRANSMISIÓN Y POTENCIA
HERNAN DAVID MENDOZA GALINDO
SENA – CENTRO DE TECNOLOGÍAS DEL TRANSPORTE BOGOTÁ D.C. 2!"
TRANSMISIÓN AUTOMÁTICA
BOTIA FANDIÑO JONATHAN JESÚS HERNANDEZ ARISTIZABAL CRISTIAN CAMILO MORENO MARIN ANDRES
SENA – CENTRO DE TECNOLOGÍAS DEL TRANSPORTE BOGOTÁ D.C. 2!"
TRANSMISIÓN AUTOMÁTICA
BOTIA FANDIÑO JONATHAN JESÚS HERNANDEZ ARISTIZABAL CRISTIAN CAMILO MORENO MARIN ANDRES
SENA – CENTRO DE TECNOLOGÍAS DEL TRANSPORTE BOGOTÁ D.C. 2!"
CONTENIDO P#$%&'. !. INTRODUCCION
(
2. OBJETIVOS
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2.!. O*+,-%/0 $,&,1',0
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2.2. O*+,-%/0 ,03,456%4/0
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". HISTORIA
7
8. PARTES DE UNA TRANSMISIÓN AUTOMÁTICA
9
8.!. CONVERTIDOR DE PAR 8.!.!. C/:3/&,&-,0 ;, 4/&,1-%;/1 ;, 3'1
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8.). CONJUNTO ELECTRÓNICO 8.).!. S,&0/1,0
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=. CONCLUSIONES
"7
(. BIBLIOGRAFIA
"9
7
!. INTRODUCCIÓN
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7
2. OBJETIVOS
2.!. O*+,-%/ $,&,1'
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". HISTORIA
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8. PARTES DE UNA TRANSMISIÓN AUTOMÁTICA
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8.!. CONVERTIDOR DE PAR
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8.2. CONJUNTO PLANETARIO
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S
F E S F
S E = F Entrada S = F
E
SalidaF F = Frenado
S
S E
F%$<1' 2. T'*' ;, 1,'4%/&,0 ,& 4'+' '<-/:#-%4'.
P1#4-%4':,&-, '0 :'/15'0 ;, '0 4'+'0 '<-/:#-%4'0 <-%%'& ;/0 0%0-,:'0 ;, ,&$1'&'+,0 / ;,1%'4%/&,0 ;, ,0-'0. E0-/0 0/& , 0%0-,:' S%:30/& , S%0-,:' R'%$&,'<.
Sistema Simpson: C/&0%0-,& ,& ;/0 -1,&,0 ;, 3'&,-'1%/0 <, 4/:3'1-,& /0 3'&,-'1%/0 <& #1*/ ;, 0'%;'. E0-' %&-,$1'4%?& ;, /0 3'&,-'1%/0 4/:<&,0 /61,4, <&' 4'0%6%4'4%?& ';%4%/&' ;, 4/&+<&-/ ;,&/:%&#&;// -':*%& 3'&,-'1%/ 4/:3<,0-/. Sistema Ravigneaux: S<0 4'1'4-,150-%4' ,0 3/0,,1 -1,0 4/&+<&-/0 ;, 0'-%-,0. C';' 4/&+<&-/ ;, 0'-%-,0 ,0-' 4/:3<,0-/ 3/1 <& 3%?& 4/1-/ /-1/ '1$/ ;/0 ,&$1'&'+,0 3'&,-'1%/0 %&;,3,&;%,&-,0 <, 0, ,&$1'&'& 4/& /0 0'-%-,0 ;/*, ;, 3/1-'0'-%-,0.
8.2.2. F?1:<' ;, @%%0
7
L' 6?1:<' ;, @%%0 ;,-,1:%&' '0 ,/4%;';,0 '&<'1,0 /*-,&%;'0 ,& <& 4/&+<&-/ ;, ,&$1'&'+,0 ,3%4%4/%;',0 ,& 6<&4%?& ;, 0<0 -1,0 4/:3/&,&-,0 1,'4%/&';'0 ,& ' 0%$<%,&-, ,4<'4%?&
n 2=
1
z 3 + z 1
( z 3 ∙ n 3 ) +( z 1 ∙ n 1)
&! &K:,1/ ;, 1.3.:. ;, 0/'1 &2 &K:,1/ ;, 1.3.:. ;, 3/1-'0'-%-,0 &" &K:,1/ ;, 1.3.:. ;, ' 4/1/&' ! " &<:,1/ ;, ;%,&-,0 ;, ' 1<,;' 3'&,-'1%' 4/1/&' 1,03,4-%':,&-,.
8.2.2.!. P'&,-'1%/ */<,';/
P'1' & ,0 ;,4%1 */<,';/ , 0/'1 A , :/%:%,&-/ ;, ' 4/1/&' C 0, -1'&0:%-, ' 3/1-'0'-%-,0 B <, 1<,;'& 0/*1, , 3'&,-'1%/ 31/;<4%,&;/ <& $%1/ ,& , #1*/ ;, '4/3':%,&-/ ;, 3/1-'0'-%-,0 ;, :%0:/ 0,&-%;/ <, ' 4/1/&' 4/& ' 1,;<44%?& 4/11,03/&;%,&-,. A ;'1 :/%:%,&-/ ' ,+, ;, '4/3':%,&-/ ;, 3/1-'0'-%-,0 ,0-/0 1<,;'& 0/*1, , 0/'1 A '11'0-1'&;/ ,& 0< $%1/ ' ' 4/1/&' C <, 0, :<,, ,& ' :%0:' ;%1,44%?& 4/& ' :<-%3%4'4%?& 4/11,03/&;%,&-,. D'&;/ '/1,0 ' ' 6/1:<' ;, @%%0 ' 1,'4%?& ;, -1'&0:%0%?& , &K:,1/ ;, 1,/<4%/&,0 /*-,&%;'0 3'1' ,0-, '4/3':%,&-/ 0/& 0%$<%,&-,0 3'1' &! n 2=
1
z 3 + z 1
( z 3 ∙ n 3 )=
z 3 ∙ n 3 z 3 + z 1
Rt =
ℜ Rs
7
D/&;, 3'1' ' 4/1/&' 4/&;<4-/1' 3/1-'0'-%-,0 4/&;<4%;/0 n 3 z 3 + z 1 = = R 1 n2 z 3
n 2=
n3 R 1
Y 3'1' , 3/1-'0'-%-,0 4/&;<4-/1 ' 4/1/&' 4/&;<4%;' n2 z3 = = R 2 n 3 z 3 + z 1
n 3=
n2 R 2
EJERCICIO U& -1,& ;, ,&$1'&'+,0 ,3%4%4%/;',0 ,0-' 6/1:';/ 3/1 <&' 4/1/&' <& 0/'1 4/& 9 = ;%,&-,0 1,03,4-%':,&-,. C'4<'1 ' 1,'4%/& ;, -1'&0:%0%/& , &<:,1/ ;, 1,/<4%/&,0 /*-,&%;'0 ' */<,'1 , 3%/& 0/'1 ;'1 :/%:%,&-/ ' ' 4/1/&' / 3/1-'0'-%-,0 1,03,4-%':,&-, ' <& 1,$%:,& ;, " 13:. Solucion:
D'&;/ :/%:%,&-/ ' ' 4/1/&' ' 1,'4%/& ;, -1'&0:%0%/& /*-,&%;' ,0 z 3 + z 1 =1.555 R 1= z 3
E &<:,1/ ;, 1,/<4%/&,0 ,& , 3/1-'0'-%-,0 ,0 %$<' ' n 2=
n 3 3000 = =1929.3 rpm R 1 1.555
D'&;/ :/%:%,&-/ ' /0 0'-%-,0 ' 1,'4%/& /*-,&%;' ,0 R 2=
z3 90 = =0.643 z 3 + z 1 90 + 50
C/& <& &<:,1/ ;, 1,/<4%/&,0 ,& ' 4/1/&' ;, n 3=
n 2 3000 = =4665.6 rpm R 2 0.643
7
8.2.2.2. P/1-'0'-%-,0 */<,';/
P'1' &2 */<,';/ , ,+, 3/1-'0'-%-,0 ' ;'1 :/%:%,&-/ ' 0/'1 ,0-, >'4, $%1'1 ' 4/1/&' ' -1',0 ;, 3/1-'0'-%-,0 <, $%1' 0/*1, 0< ,+, '4-<'&;/ ;, 3%/& %&-,1:,;%/ ,&-1, ':*/0. L' 4/1/&' ,& ,0-, 4'0/ $%1' ,& 0,&-%;/ 4/&-1'1%/ ' 31/;<4%;/ 3/1 , 0/'1. D'&;/ :/%:%,&-/ ' ' 4/1/&' ,0-, 0, -1'&0:%-, ,& '0 :%0:'0 4/&;%4%/&,0 ' 0/'1 $%1'&;/ ,& 0,&-%;/ 4/&-1'1%/ ' ' 4/1/&'. E& ,0-, 4'0/ ' 6/1:<' ;, @%%0 <,;' 4/:/ 0%$<,
1
0=
z 3 + z 1
( z 3 ∙ n 3 ) + ( z 1 ∙ n 1 )
(− z 1 + z 3 ) ∙ 0=( z 3 ∙ n 3 ) + ( z 1 ∙ n 1 ) (
0 = z 3 ∙ n 3
)+ ( z 1 ∙ n 1 )
z 3 ∙n 3 = z 1 ∙ n 1
−
D, ;/&;, 3'1' 0/'1 4/&;<4-/1 4/1/&' 4/&;<4%;' 0, -%,&, n 1=
R 3=
z 3 ∙n 3 z 1
−
n 1 − z 3 = n3 z 1
n1 n3
Y 3'1' 4/1/&' 4/&;<4-/1' 0/'1 4/&;<4%;/ 0, -%,&, n 3=
R 4 =
z 1 ∙n 1 z 3
−
n 3 − z 1 = n1 z 3
n3 n1
7
E 0%$&/ %&;%4' <, , $%1/ ,& ' -1'&0:%0%/& ,0 ;, 0,&-%;/ 4/&-1'1%/ ' $%1/ :/-1%. EJERCICIO C'4<'1 4/& /0 ;'-/0 ;, 31/*,:' '&-,1%/1 4/& /0 0'-,%-,0 */<,';/0 '0 1,'4%/&,0 ;, -1'&0:%0%/& ,/4%;';,0 <, 0, /*-%,&,& ' ;'1 :/%:%,&-/ ' 3'&,-'1%/ / 4/1/&' 1,03,4-%':,&-,. Solucion:
D'&;/ :/%:%,&-/ ' 0/'1 ' 1,'4%/& ;, -1'&0:%0%/& ' ,/4%;'; /*-,&%;'0 0/&
R 3=
n 3=
z 3 90 = = 1.8 z 1 50
−n 1 −3000 = =−1666.7 rpm R 3
1.8
D'&;/ :/%:%,&-/ ' ' 4/1/&' ' 1,'4%/& ;, -1'&0:%0%/& ,/4%;'; /*-,&%;'0 0/&
R 4 =
n 1=
z 1 50 = =0.555 z 3 90
−n 3 −3000 = =−5405.4 rpm R 4
0.555
8.2.2.". C/1/&' */<,';'
P'1' &" */<,';' ' 4/1/&' ' ;'1 :/%:%,&-/ ' 0/'1 , 3/1-'0'-%-,0 <, 0, ;,03'' 0/*1, ' 4/1/&' $%1' ,& , :%0:/ 0,&-%;/ <, , 0/'1. D'&;/ :/%:%,&-/ ' 3/1-' 0'-%-,0 ' -1',0 ;, 0< '1*/ ;, '4/3':%,&-/ ,0-/0
7
1<,;'& 0/*1, ' 4/1/&' -1'&0:%-%,&;/ , $%1/ ' 0/'1 ,& ' :%0:' ;%1,44%?&. P/1 0,1 &" ,& ' 6/1:<' ;, @%%0 0, -%,&,
n 2=
1
z 3 + z 1
z 1 ∙ n 1 z 3 + z 1
( z 1 ∙ n 1 ) =
D, ;/&;, 3'1' 0/'1 4/&;<4-/1 3/1-'0'-%-,0 4/&;<4%;/ 0, -%,&, R 5=
n 1 z 3 + z 1 = n2 z 1
n 2=
n 1 R 5
Y 3'1' 3/1-'0'-%-,0 4/&;<4-/1 0/'1 4/&;<4%;/ 0, -%,&, R 6=
z 1 n2 = z 3 + z 1 n 1
n 1=
n2 R 6
8.". FRENOS
H' ;/0 -%3/0 ;, ,,:,&-/0 ;, 6%+'4%?& ;, 61,&/0 ;, *'&;' ;, ;%04/0 :K-%3,0 >K:,;/0. L/0 ,,:,&-/0 ;, *'&;' 0, <-%%'& 3'1' , 61,&/ B! /0 ,,:,&-/0 ;, ;%04/0 :K-%3,0 >K:,;/0 0, <-%%'& 3'1' /0 61,&/0 B2 B". E& '$<&/0 -1'&0,+,0 '<-/:#-%4/0 /0 ,,:,&-/0 ;, ;%04/0 :K-%3,0 >K:,;/0 -':*%& 0, <-%%'& 3'1' , 61,&/ B!.
8.".!. F1,&/ ;, *'&;' B! L' 4%&-' ;, 61,&/ 0, ,&1/' ,& ' 4%14<&6,1,&4%' ,-,1%/1 ;, -':*/1.U& ,-1,:/ ;, ,0-' 4%&-' ;, 61,&/ ,0-# 6%+' ' ' 4'+' ;, -1'&0,+, 4/& <& 3'0';/1 :%,&-1'0 <, , /-1/ ,-1,:/ ,0-# ,&
7
4/&-'4-/ 4/& , 3%0-?& ;, 61,&/ ' -1'0 ;, #0-'$/ ;, 3%0-?& <, 0, '44%/&' :,;%'&-, 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4'. E 3%0-?& ;, 61,&/ 3<,;, :/,10, 3/1 , #0-'$/ ;, 3%0-?& 4/:31%:%,&;/ /0 :<,,0. S, 0<:%&%0-1'& #0-'$/0 ;, 3%0-?& ;, ;/0 /&$%-<;,0 ;%0-%&-'0 3'1' 3,1:%-%1 , '+<0-, ;, ' >/$<1' ,%0-,&-, ,&-1, ' 4%&-' ;, 61,&/ , -':*/1.
8.".!.!. F<&4%/&':%,&-/ ;, 61,&/ ;, *'&;'
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
F%$<1' ". F1,&/ ;, *'&;' B!.
A;,:#0 , :<,, %&-,1%/1 -%,&, /-1'0 ;/0 6<&4%/&,0 '*0/1*,1 ' 6<,1' ;, 1,'44%?& ;, -':*/1 1,;<4%1 ' 0'4<;%;' <, 0, 31/;<4, 4<'&;/ ' 4%&-' ;, 61,&/ '$'11' , -':*/1.
7
8.".2. F1,&/0 ;, ;%04/0
E 61,&/ B2 0, '44%/&' ' -1'0 ;, ,:*1'$<, <&%;%1,44%/&' N ! 3'1' ,%-'1 <, /0 ,&$1'&'+,0 0/'1,0 ;,'&-,1/ -1'0,1/ $%1,& ,& 0,&-%;/ 4/&-1'1%/ ' '0 '$<+'0 ;, 1,/+. L/0 ;%04/0 ,&$1'&'& 4/& , '&%/ ,-,1%/1 ;, ,:*1'$<, <&%;%1,44%/&' N ! '0 3'4'0 ,0-#& 6%+';'0 ' ' 4'+' ;, -1'&0,+,. E '&%/ %&-,1%/1 ;, ,:*1'$<, <&%;%1,44%/&' N ! ,&$1'&'+,0 0/'1,0 ;,'&-,1/ -1'0,1/ ,0-# ;%0,';/ ;, 6/1:' <, 0, */<,, 4<'&;/ $%1, ,& 0,&-%;/ 4/&-1'1%/ ' '0 '$<+'0 ;, 1,/+ 3<,;' $%1'1 %*1,:,&-, 4<'&;/ $%1, ,& , 0,&-%;/ ;, '0 '$<+'0 ;, 1,/+. E 31/3?0%-/ ;, 61,&/ B" ,0 ,%-'1 ' 1/-'4%?& ;, 3/1-'0'-%-,0 -1'0,1/. L/0 ;%04/0 ,&$1'&'& 4/& , 4<*/ B" ;, 3/1-'0'-%-,0 -1'0,1/. E 4<*/ B" , 3/1-'0'-%-,0 -1'0,1/ ,0-#& %&-,$1';/0 ,& <&' <&%;'; $%1'& +<&-/0. L'0 3'4'0 ,0-#& 6%+';'0 ' ' 4'+' ;, -1'&0,+,.
8.".2.!. F<&4%/&':%,&-/ ;, 61,&/0 ;, ;%04/0
C<'&;/ 0, '3%4' 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4' ' 4%%&;1/ ;, 3%0-?& , 3%0-?& 0, :<,, 3/1 , %&-,1%/1 , 4%%&;1/ 6/1'&;/ ' '0 3'4'0 /0 ;%04/0 ' ,&-1'1 ,& 4/&-'4-/. E& 4/&0,4<,&4%' 0, $,&,1' <&' 6<,1' ;, 61%44%?& ,,';' ,&-1, 4';' ;%04/ 4';' 3'4'. C/:/ 1,0<-';/ 0, 6%+' , 3/1-'0'-%-,0 / , ,&$1'&'+, 0/'1 ' ' 4'+' ;, -1'&0,+,. C<'&;/ 0, ;1,&' , 5<%;/ 31,0<1%';/ ;, 4%%&;1/ ;, 3%0-?& , :<,, ;, 1,-/1&/ ,:3<+' , 3%0-?& ' 0< 3/0%4%?& >'4, <, 0, 0<,-, , 61,&/.
7
F%$<1' 8. A44%/&':%,&-/ ;, 61,&/0 ;, ;%04/.
8.8. EMBRAGUES
L/0 ,:*1'$<,0 <, 4/&,4-'& ;,04/&,4-'& ' 3/-,&4%' 0/& C! C2. E ,:*1'$<, C! -1'&0:%-, 3/-,&4%' ;,0;, , 4/&,1-%;/1 ;, 3'1 ' ' 4/1/&' ;,&-';' ;,'&-,1' ' -1'0 ;, ,+, ;, ,&-1';'. L/0 ;%04/0 '0 3'4'0 0, '%&,'& '-,1&#&;/0,. L/0 ;%04/0 0, ,&$1'&'& 4/& ' 4/1/&' ;,&-';' ;,'&-,1' '0 3'4'0 0, ,&$1'&'& 4/& , -':*/1 ;, ,:*1'$<, ;, ''&4,. L' 4/1/&' ;,&-';' ;,'&-,1' 0, ,&$1'&' 4/& ' *1%;' ;, ' 4/1/&' ;,&-';' , -':*/1 ;, ,:*1'$<, ;, ''&4, 0, ,&$1'&' 4/& , &K4,/ ;, ,:*1'$<, ;, ;%1,4-'. E ,:*1'$<, C2 -1'&0:%-, 3/-,&4%' ;,0;, , ,+, ;, ,&-1';' ' -':*/1 ;, ,:*1'$<, ;, ;%1,4-' ,&$1'&'+, 0/'1. L/0 ;%04/0 0, ,&$1'&'& 4/& , &K4,/ ;, ,:*1'$<, ;, ;%1,4-' '0 3'4'0 0, ,&$1'&'& 4/& , -':*/1 ;, ,:*1'$<, ;, ;%1,4-'. E -':*/1 ;, ,:*1'$<, ;, ;%1,4-' ,&$1'&' 4/& , -':*/1 ;, ,&-1';' ;, ,&$1'&'+, 0/'1 , -':*/1 ;, ,&-1';' ;, ,&$1'&'+, 0/'1 ,&$1'&' 4/& /0
7
,&$1'&'+,0 0/'1,0 ;,'&-,1/ -1'0,1/. C/& ,0-' ,0-1<4-<1' '0 -1,0 <&%;';,0 ;, ;%04/0 3'4'0 -':*/1,0 $%1'& +<&-/0. 8.8.!. F<&4%/&':%,&-/ ;, ,:*1'$<,0
8.8.!.!. E:*1'$';/
C<'&;/ , 5<%;/ 31,0<1%';/ 6<, >'4%' , 4%%&;1/ ;, 3%0-?& ,:3<+' ' */' ;, 1,-,&4%?& ;, 3%0-?& / <, >'4, <, 0, 4%,11, ' #<' ;, 1,-,&4%?&. E0-/ >'4, <, ' 0< , , 3%0-?& 0, :<,' ;,&-1/ ;, 4%%&;1/ 6/1'&;/ , 4/&-'4-/ ;, '0 3'4'0 /0 ;%04/0. A 4'<0' ;, ' ,,';' 6<,1' ;, 61%44%?& ,&-1, 3'4'0 ;%04/0 /0 3'-%/0 31/3<0/1,0 /0 ;%04/0 31/3<0';/0 $%1'& ' ' :%0:' ,/4%;';. E0-/ 0%$&%6%4' <, 0, ,&$1'&' , ,:*1'$<, 0, 4/&,4-' , ,+, ;, ,&-1';' ' ' 4/1/&' ;,&-';' 0, -1'&0:%-, ' 3/-,&4%' ;, ,+, ;, ,&-1';' ' ' 4/1/&' ;,&-';'.
F%$<1' =. A44%/&':%,&-/ ;, ,:*1'$<,0.
8.8.!.2. D,0,:*1'$';/
7
C<'&;/ 0, %*,1' ' 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4' ;%0:%&<, ' 31,0%?& ;, 5<%;/ ,& , 4%%&;1/. E0-/ 3,1:%-, <, ' */' ;, 1,-,&4%?& 0, ',+, ;, ' #<' ;, 1,-,&4%?& 4/0' <, %&-,&-' >'4,1 ' 4'<0' ;, ' 6<,1' 4,&-156<$' <, 0, , '3%4' 0, ;1,&, , 5<%;/ ;, 4%%&;1/ ' -1'0 ;, ' #<' ;, 1,-,&4%?&. C/:/ 1,0<-';/ , :<,, ;, 1,-/1&/ ;,<,, , 3%0-?& ' 0< 3/0%4%?& /1%$%&' ;,0,:*1'$'&;/ , ,:*1'$<,.
F%$<1' (. D,0'4/3':%,&-/ ;, ,:*1'$<,0.
8.=. FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LOS ENGRANAJES
8.=.!. E&$1'&'+, ;, 31%:,1'
! E ,+, ;, ,&-1';' $%1' ' 4/1/&' ;, 3'&,-'1%/ ;,'&-,1/ ,& , 0,&-%;/ ;, '0 '$<+'0 ;, 1,/+ :,;%'&-, C!. 2 E ,&$1'&'+, ;, 3%?& ;, 3'&,-'1%/ ;,'&-,1/ $%1' >'4, <, , ,&$1'&'+, 0/'1 $%1, ,& , 0,&-%;/ 4/&-1'1%/ ' '0 '$<+'0 ;, 1,/+. " E& , ,&$1'&'+, 3'&,-'1%/ -1'0,1/ , 3/1-'0'-%-,0 -1'0,1/ ,0-# 6%+/ :,;%'&-, F2 ;, 6/1:' <, , ,&$1'&'+, 0/'1 >'4, <, '
7
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
F%$<1' ). F<&4%/&':%,&-/ ,&$1'&'+, ;, !.
8.=.2. E&$1'&'+, ;, 0,$<&;'
7
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
F%$<1' 7. F<&4%/&':%,&-/ ,&$1'&'+, ;, 2.
8.=.". E&$1'&'+, ;, -,14,1'
! E ,+, ;, ,&-1';' $%1' ' 4/1/&' ;, 3'&,-'1%/ ;,'&-,1/ ,& , 0,&-%;/ ;, '0 '$<+'0 ;, 1,/+ :,;%'&-, C! ' ' , $%1' , ,&$1'&'+, 0/'1 ,& , 0,&-%;/ ;, '0 '$<+'0 ;, 1,/+ :,;%'&-, C2.
7
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
F%$<1' 9. F<&4%/&':%,&-/ ,&$1'&'+, ;, ".
8.=.8. E&$1'&'+, ;, :'14>' '-1#0
! E ,+, ;, ,&-1';' $%1' , ,&$1'&'+, 0/'1 ,& , 0,&-%;/ ;, '0 '$<+'0 ;, 1,/+ :,;%'&-, C2 2 C/:/ , 3/1-'0'-%-,0 -1'0,1/ ,0-# 6%+/ :,;%'&-, B" ,& , ,&$1'&'+, 3'&,-'1%/ -1'0,1/ ' 4/1/&' ;, 3'&,-'1%/ -1'0,1/ $%1'
7
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
F%$<1' !. F<&4%/&':%,&-/ ,&$1'&'+, ;, 1,,10'.
8.(. UNIDAD DE CONTROL HIDRÁULICO
L/0 ,:*1'$<,0 /0 61,&/0 <, '44%/&'& ' <&%;'; ;, ,&$1'&'+, 3'&,-'1%/ 0, 4/&-1/'& :,;%'&-, 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4'.
7
L' <&%;'; ;, 4/&-1/ >%;1#<%4/ $,&,1' '+<0-' ,0-' 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4' '*1, / 4%,11' 0< 3'0/.
F%$<1' !!. C/&+<&-/ >%;1#<%4/.
8.(.!. F<&4%/&,0 ;, 4/&+<&-/ >%;1#<%4/
L' <&%;'; ;, 4/&-1/ >%;1#<%4/ -%,&, '0 -1,0 6<&4%/&,0 0%$<%,&-,0. !. G,&,1'1 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4' L' */:*' ;, '4,%-, -%,&, ' 6<&4%?& ;, $,&,1'1 ' 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4'. L' */:*' ;, '4,%-, $,&,1' ' 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4' &,4,0'1%' 3'1' '44%/&'1 , -1'&0,+, '<-/:#-%4/ :,;%'&-, ' 4'+' ;, 4/&,1-%;/1 ;, 3'1 :/-/1.
7
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
8.(.2. C/:3/&,&-,0
F%$<1' !2. D%'$1':' ;, 6<+/ 4/&+<&-/ >%;1#<%4/.
L/0 4/:3/&,&-,0 31%&4%3',0 ;, ' <&%;'; ;, 4/&-1/ >%;1#<%4/ 0/& /0 0%$<%,&-,0. B/:*' ;, '4,%-,
C<,13/ ;, ' #<'
V#<' 1,$<';/1' 31%:'1%'
V#<' :'&<'
V#<' ;, 4':*%/
V#<' 0/,&/%;,
7
V#<' ;, :'1%3/0'
8.(.2.!. B/:*' ;, '4,%-,
E 4/&,1-%;/1 ;, 3'1 :/-/1 '44%/&' ' */:*' ;, '4,%-, 3'1' 0<:%&%0-1'1 ' 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4' &,4,0'1%' 3'1' , 6<&4%/&':%,&-/ ;, -1'&0,+, '<-/:#-%4/.
8.(.2.2. C<,13/ ;, ' #<'
E 4<,13/ ;, ' #<' 4/&0-' ;, <&' 3'1-, 0<3,1%/1 <&' 3'1-, %&6,1%/1. E 4<,13/ ;, ' #<' ,0 0%:%'1 ' <& '*,1%&-/ <, 4/&-%,&, :<4>/0 4/&;<4-/0 3/1 /0 <, 6<, , 5<%;/ ;, -1'&0,+,. H' :<4>'0 #<'0 ,& ,0-/0 4/&;<4-/0 3'1' 4/&-1/'1 ' 31,0%?& ;, 5<%;/ ;,0%'1 , 5<%;/ ;, <& 4/&;<4-/ ' /-1/. N/1:':,&-, , 4<,13/ ;, ' #<' 4/&-%,&, V#<' 1,$<';/1 31%:'1%' V#<' :'&<' V#<'0 ;, 4':*%/ !2 2" "8 V#<'0 0/,&/%;, N ! N 2 V#<' ;, :'1%3/0'
8.(.2.2.!. V'<' 1,$<';/1' 31%:'1%'
L' #<' 1,$<';/1' 31%:'1%' '+<0-' ' 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4' 31,0%?& ;, 5&,' 3'1' 4';' ,,:,&-/ ,&
7
6<&4%?& ;, ' 3/-,&4%' ;, :/-/1 ' 6%& ;, ,%-'1 ' 3,1;%;' ;, 3/-,&4%' ;, ' */:*'.
Funcionamiento C<'&;/ ' 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4' ;, ' */:*' ;, '4,%-, '<:,&-' 0, 4/:31%:, , :<,, ;, ' #<' 0, '*1, , 4/&;<4-/ ;, 5<%;/ 3'1' ;1,&'1 ' 31,0%?& ;, 5&,' 0, :'&-%,&, 4/&0-'&-,. A;,:#0 ' 31,0%?& ;, ' :'1%3/0' 0, '44%/&' *'+/ ' #<' 4<'&;/ '<:,&-' , #&$</ ;, '3,1-<1' ;, '4,,1';/1 '<:,&-' ' 31,0%?& ;, 5&,' 3'1' ,%-'1 , ;,0%':%,&-/ ;, ,:*1'$<, , 61,&/.
F%$<1' !". V#<' 1,$<';/1' 31%:'1%'.
E& ' 3/0%4%?& R 0, ,,' 'K& :#0 ' 31,0%?& ;, 5&,' 3'1' ,%-'1 , ;,0%':%,&-/ ;, ,:*1'$<, , 61,&/.
8.(.2.2.2. V'<' :'&<' L' #<' :'&<' ,0-# 4/&,4-';' 4/& ' 3''&4' ;, 4':*%/0 , '1%'+, / 4/& , 4'*,. A 4':*%'1 ' 3/0%4%?& ;, ' 3''&4' ;, 4':*%/0 4':*%' , 4/&;<4-/ ;, 5<%;/ ;, ' #<' :'&<' <, '4-K' ,& 4';' 3/0%4%?& ;, 4':*%/.
7
8.(.2.2.". V'<' ;, 4':*%/ L/0 ,&$1'&'+,0 0, 4':*%'& :,;%'&-, /0 ,:*1'$<,0 /0 61,&/0. L'0 #<'0 ;, 4':*%/ 4':*%'& ' 4/&;<4-/ ;, 5<%;/ <, >'4, <, 0, '3%<, ' 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4' ' /0 61,&/0 /0 ,:*1'$<,0. L'0 #<'0 ;, 4':*%/ 0/& !2 2" "8.
Funcionamiento Ejempo: !"vua #e cam$io #e %& a '& C<'&;/ 0, '3%4' 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4' ,& ' 3'1-, 0<3,1%/1 ;, ' #<' ;, 4':*%/ , -1'&0,+, 0, :'&-%,&, ,& , 31%:,1 ,&$1'&'+, ' <, ' #<' ;, 4':*%/ ,0-# ,& ' 3'1-, %&6,1%/1 0, 4/1-'& /0 4/&;<4-/0 ;, 5<%;/ ' /0 ,:*1'$<,0 /0 61,&/0.
F%$<1' !8. V#<'0 ;, 4':*%/.
S%& ,:*'1$/ 4<'&;/ 0, 4/1-' ' 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4' '3%4';' :,;%'&-, ' #<' 0/,&/%;, ' 6<,1' ;, :<,, :<,, ' #<' >'4%' '11%*' ;, 6/1:' <, 0, '*1' , 4/&;<4-/ ;, 5<%;/ ' B2 0, '44%/&, B2 0, 4':*%, ' ,&$1'&'+, ;, 2'.
8.(.2.2.8. V'<' 0/,&/%;,
7
L' #<' 0/,&/%;, 0, '44%/&' :,;%'&-, 0,',0 ;, ' ECU ;, :/-/1 ;, ECT 3'1' '44%/&'1 '0 #<'0 ;, 4':*%/ 4/&-1/'1 ' 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4'. H' ;/0 -%3/0 ;, #<'0 0/,&/%;,. U&' #<' 0/,&/%;, ;, 4':*%/ '*1, 4%,11' , 4/&;<4-/ ;, 5<%;/ ,& 6<&4%?& ;, '0 0,',0 ;, ' ECU 0% 1,4%*, <&' 0,' ON '*1, , 4/&;<4-/ 0% 1,4%*, <&' 0,' OFF 4%,11' , 4/&;<4-/. U&' #<' 0/,&/%;, %&,' 4/&-1/' ' 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4' ;, 6/1:' %&,' ,& 6<&4%?& ;, ' 4/11%,&-, ,4-1%4' ,&%';' ;,0;, ' ECU. L'0 #<'0 0/,&/%;, ;, 4':*%/ 0, <-%%'& 3'1' 4/&-1/'1 , 4':*%/ ;, ,&$1'&'+,0 '0 #<'0 0/,&/%;, %&,',0 0, <-%%'& 3'1' 6<&4%/&,0 4/:/ , 4/&-1/ ;, ' 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4'.
8.(.2.2.=. V'<' :'1%3/0' L' #<' ;, :'1%3/0' 31/;<4, 31,0%?& ;, ' :'1%3/0' ,& 1,03<,0-' ' #&$</ ;, 3,;' ;, '4,,1';/1 ' -1'0 ;, 4'*, ;, ' :'1%3/0' ' ,' ;, ' :'1%3/0'. L' 31,0%?& ;, ' :'1%3/0' 0, '3%4' ,& ' #<' 1,$<';/1' 31%:'1%' 3/1 4/&0%$<%,&-, 0, 1,$<' ' 31,0%?& ;, 5&,' ,& 6<&4%?& ;, ' '3,1-<1' ;, ' #<' ;, :'1%3/0'.
8.(.". F<&4%/&':%,&-/ ;, 4':*%/ ;, :'14>'0
8.(.".!. E&$1'&'+, ;, 31%:,1'
P'1' , 4':*%/ ;, ,&$1'&'+, ;, 3<&-/ :<,1-/ ' ,&$1'&'+, ;, ! 0, '*1, , 4/&;<4-/ ;, 5<%;/ ' C! '44%/&'&;/ ' #<' :'&<'. C/:/ ' #<' 0/,&/%;, N/ ! ,0-#
7
'*%,1-' ' #<' 0/,&/%;, N/ 2 ,0-# 4,11';' 0, '*1, , 4/&;<4-/ ;, 5<%;/ ' C. L' #<' 0/,&/%;, N/ ! ,0-# '*%,1-' ' #<' 0/,&/%;, N/ ,0-# 4,11';'. S, '44%/&'& C! F2 3'1' 41,'1 , 4/&;<4-/ ;, 5<%;/ 3'1' , ,&$1'&'+, ;, !'. E& '0 3/0%4%/&,0 D 2 &/ 0, '3%4' , 61,&/ ;, :/-/1 ' 4'<0' ;, F2. E& ' 3/0%4%?& L 0, '*1, , 4/&;<4-/ ' B" 0, '3%4' , 61,&/ ;, :/-/1.
F%$<1' !=. F<&4%/&':%,&-/ >%;1#<%4/ ,&$1'&'+, ;, !.
8.(.".2. E&$1'&'+, ;, 0,$<&;'
L' #<' 0/,&/%;, N 2 0, 4%,11' / 0, '*1, ,& 6<&4%?& ;, '0 0,',0 ;, ' ECU. L' #<' 0/,&/%;, N/ ! ,0-# '*%,1-' ' #<' 0/,&/%;, N/ 2 ,0-# '*%,1-'. L' 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4' '3%4';' ,& ' 3'1-, 0<3,1%/1 ;, '0 #<'0 ;, 4':*%/ ;, !' ' 2 ;, "' ' 8' 0, ;,04'1$' '
7
6<,1' ;, :<,, ,,' ' #<' ;, 4':*%/ ;, !' ' 2'. E0-/ >'4, <, 0, '*1' , 4/&;<4-/ ;, 5<%;/ ' B2. A '44%/&'1 C! B2 F! 0, 4':*%' ' ,&$1'&'+, ;, 2'. E& ' 3/0%4%?& D &/ 0, '3%4' , 61,&/ ;, :/-/1 ' 4'<0' ;, F!. E& ' 3/0%4%?& 2 0, '*1, , 4/&;<4-/ ;, 5<%;/ ' B! 0, '3%4' , 61,&/ ;, :/-/1.
F%$<1' !(. F<&4%/&':%,&-/ >%;1#<%4/ ,&$1'&'+, ;, 2.
8.(.".". E&$1'&'+, ;, -,14,1'
L' #<' 0/,&/%;, N ! 0, 4%,11' / 0, '*1, ,& 6<&4%?& ;, '0 0,',0 ;, ' ECU. L' #<' 0/,&/%;, N/ ! ,0-# 4,11';' ' #<' 0/,&/%;, N/ 2 ,0-# '*%,1-'. S, ,:3%,' ' '3%4'1 ' 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4' ,& ' 3'1-, 0<3,1%/1 ;, ' #<' ;, 4':*%/ ;, 2' ' "' / <, >'4, <, ;%4>' #<' *'+,. E0-/ >'4, <, 0, '*1' , 4/&;<4-/ ;, 5<%;/ ' C2. A '44%/&'1 C! C2 0, 4':*%' ' ,&$1'&'+, ;, "'.
7
F%$<1' !). F<&4%/&':%,&-/ >%;1#<%4/ ,&$1'&'+, ;, ".
8.(.".8. E&$1'&'+, ;, 0/*1,:'14>' OD
L' #<' 0/,&/%;, N 2 0, 4%,11' / 0, '*1, ,& 6<&4%?& ;, '0 0,',0 ;, ' ECU. L' #<' 0/,&/%;, N/ ! ,0-# 4,11';' ' #<' 0/,&/%;, N/ 2 ,0-# 4,11';'. S, ,:3%,' ' '3%4'1 ' 31,0%?& >%;1#<%4' ,& ' 3'1-, 0<3,1%/1 ;, '0 #<'0 ;, 4':*%/ ;, !' ' 2 ;, "' ' 8' / <, >'4, <, ' #<' ;, 4':*%/ ;, "' ' 8' *'+,. L' 31,0%?& ;, 5&,' ;, ' #<' ;, 4':*%/ ;, 2' ' "' 0, '3%4' ' ' 3'1-, %&6,1%/1 ;, ' #<' ;, 4':*%/ ;, !' ' 2' 3/1 / <, ' #<' ;, 4':*%/ ;, !' ' 2' &/ 0, :<,,. S, 4':*%' , 4/&;<4-/ ;, 5<%;/ <, >'*5' ,0-';/ '4-<'&;/ 0/*1, C ' B 0, 4':*%' ' ,&$1'&'+, ;, OD. C<'&;/ , %&-,11<3-/1 31%&4%3' ;, 0/*1,:'14>' ,0-# ,& ' 3/0%4%?& OFF &/ 3<,;, 4':*%'1 ' ,&$1'&'+, ;, OD. L' ECU &/ ,&5' ' 0,' ;, ;,0'4-%'4%?& ' ' #<' 0/,&/%;, N 2.
7
F%$<1' !7. F<&4%/&':%,&-/ >%;1#<%4/ ,&$1'&'+, ;, OD.
8.). CONJUNTO ELECTRÓNICO
L' ECU ;, :/-/1 ;, ECT 4/&-1/' ' 0%&41/&%'4%?& ;, 4':*%/ ;, ,&$1'&'+, , ,&4'':%,&-/ :,;%'&-, 4/&-1/,0 ;, '0 #<'0 0/,&/%;, ;, ' <&%;'; ;, 4/&-1/ >%;1#<%4/ 3'1' :'&-,&,1 <&'0 4/&;%4%/&,0 ;, 4/&;<44%?& ?3-%:'0 :,;%'&-, '0 0,',0 ;, /0 0,&0/1,0 /0 %&-,11<3-/1,0 :/&-';/0 ,& , :/-/1 ,& , -1'&0,+, '<-/:#-%4/. A;,:#0 ' ECU %&4<, 6<&4%/&,0 ;, ;%'$&?0-%4/ ' 31<,*' ;, 6'/ 3'1' 4<'&;/ 0, 31/;<4' <& 6'/ ;, <& 0,&0/1 ,-4.
8.).!. S,&0/1,0
L/0 0,&0/1,0 , %&-,11<3-/1,0 ;,0,:3,'& ' 6<&4%?& ;, 1,4/3%'1 ;%,10/0 -%3/0 ;, ;'-/0 3'1' ;,-,1:%&'1 /0 ;%0-%&-/0 4/&-1/,0 4/&,1-%1 ;%4>/0 ;'-/0 ,& 0,',0 ,4-1%4'0 <, 0, -1'&0:%-,& ' ' ECU ;, :/-/1 ;, ECT.
7
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
7
=. CONCLUSIONES
L' -1'&0:%0%/& ,0 <&/ ;, /0 4/:3/&,&-,0 :'0 %:3/1-'&-,0 0%& ,' 0,1%' 4'0% %:3/0%*, 3/;,1 4/&;<4%1 <& ,>%4</ 4/:/ / >'4,:/0 '4-<':,&-,. H/ ,& ;%' '0 -1'&0:%0%/&,0 '<-/:'-%4'0 0, ,0-'& 4/&%1-%,&;/ ,& /0 -%3/0 ;, -1'&0:%0%/&,0 :'0 <-%%';/0 -'&-/ ,& '<-/0 ;, :,;%' '-' $':' 3<,0-/ <, /61,4,& <&' :< *<,&' ,3,1%,&4%' ' 4/&;<4%1. P'1' /$1'1 / '&-,1%/1 '0 -1'&0:%0%/&,0 '<-/:'-%4'0 4<,&-'& 4/& <&' 0,1%, ;, 0%0-,:'0 <, 1,'%'& ;,-,1:%&';'0 -'1,'0 3'1' ,'1 ' 4'*/ ' 0,,44%?& ;, 4':*%/0 '<-/:'-%4':,&-, 4/:/ 0, %/ '&-,1%/1:,&-, 4';' 0%0-,:' 4/&-1/' ' /-1/ 3'1' /$1'1 , /*+,-%/ 6%&'. L'0 -1'&0:%0%/&,0 '<-/:#-%4'0 ,0-'& 4';' , :#0 31,0,&-,0 ,& &<,0-1'0 0/4%,;';,0 4/:/ -/;' :#<%&' 4/:3,+' 1,<%,1, ;, <& *<,& :'&-,&%:%,&-/ ;, <&' 1,3'1'4%/& '31/3%';' 0% ,0 &,4,0'1%/ 3,1/ 0% <,1,:/0 1,'%'1 <& *<,& ;%'$&/0-%4/ 0%,:31, ;,*,:/0 -,&,1 *'0,0 0?%;'0 ;, 4/&/4%:%,&-/ 3'1' 3/;,1 -,&,1 %-/ /$1'1 1,'%'1 ' -'1,' '31/3%';':,&-,.
7
