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ECG304 Title : DESIGN OF TRAFFIC JUNCTION FOR AN UNSIGNALISED INTERSECTION Names: 1. MUHAMMAD FAQRULLAH BIN ROSLI (2012608918) 2. MUZHAFAR AKMAL MAHMUD BIN NOR AZLAN (2012619496) 3. MUHAMMAD SAHROL HELMI BIN TERMIZI (2012624568) 4. MOHAMMAD RASDHAN BIN HASNOR (2012819032) 5. MUHAMMAD NUR IZZUDIN BIN HALIM (2012449002) 6. PUTERI MARINA BINTI KHAIRUDDIN (2012274954) 7. SARA NOOR BINTI MOHAMMAD SALIM (2012688056)
Lecturer’s Name : MISS ROSLIZAYATI BINTI RAZALI
INTRODUCTION
Traffic flows is to be assessed and the level of operating performance for a calculated capacity can be identified.
Traffic flows can be reasonably well when the rate of flow is less than at capacity, but excessive delay and congestion can occur when the rate of flow is at or near capacity. Capacity analysis involves the quantitative evaluation of a road section to carry traffic flow.
For a given capacity, the level of operating performance that is, the quality of flow change with the traffic density on the highway. The level of operating performance is indicated by the concept of level of service (LOS), which uses qualitative measures that characterize both operational conditions with a traffic stream and motorist and passengers perception of them.
It was done manually by recording each observed vehicle by ticking a mark at the prepared field form or use a multiple gang tally to ease the job. Stopwatch is used to cue the observer (enumerator) to the desired count interval and reset the counter at the start of each interval. The raw counts are tallied and summarized.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study is to design the traffic junction for an unsignalised intersection and to observe the traffic flow trend and movement pattern.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
An intersection or junction is the area where two or more highways join or cross, including the roadway and roadside facilities for traffic movement in that area. The purposes of an intersection design are: i. ii. iii. iv. v.
To ensure efficiency of operation To ensure safety of road users To maintain design speed To minimise cost of operation To maximise the capacity of the intersection
There are many types of intersections. Generally, intersections can be grouped into three main categories: at-grade intersections, grade separated intersections (interchanges without ramp) and interchanges with ramp. An at-grade intersection is an intersection where intersecting roads meet at a common level. One traffic stream needs to give the right of way to another traffic stream from a different direction at an at-grade intersection. A grade separated intersection is an intersection where intersecting roads are at different elevations. The traffic streams from two different directions have their own right of way to traverse. This category is also referred to as interchanges without ramp. There is no way to connect traffic streams of different directions. An interchanges with ramps allows one traffic stream to reach another from grade-separated roadways by introducing ramps.
APPARATUS 1. A stopwatch 2. A Mechanical Hand Tally Counter
PROCEDURE 1. The location of road junction with moderate traffic flow has been selected. 2. A position where the number of vehicles to be counted and recorded were determined at a point in a unit time. 3. The data of the traffic volume is obtained through a study conducted from 8.45 a.m. until 9.45 a.m. at intervals of 15 minutes. 4. Then, the total traffic volume is recorded and tabulated.
RESULT
V1
V2
V6 V5 V3
V4
V1 Time
No. of vehicle Van Small lorry
Car /taxi
Motorcycle
Large lorry
Bus
8.45am- 9.00am
34
15
2
2
-
2
9.01am- 9.15am
33
11
2
5
2
-
9.16am -9.30am
36
5
3
6
-
-
9.31am- 9.45am
37
7
2
4
-
-
Total
140
38
9
17
2
2
Large lorry
Bus
V2 Time
No. of vehicle Van Small lorry
Car /taxi
Motorcycle
8.45am- 9.00am
43
7
3
1
-
-
9.01am- 9.15am
36
11
4
5
5
-
9.16am -9.30am
29
1
2
2
4
-
9.31am- 9.45am
26
2
1
1
-
-
Total
134
21
10
9
9
-
V3 Time
No. of vehicle Van Small lorry
Car /taxi
Motorcycle
Large lorry
Bus
8.45am- 9.00am
24
2
1
-
-
-
9.01am- 9.15am
15
3
-
1
-
-
9.16am -9.30am
11
2
1
1
-
1
9.31am- 9.45am
13
5
1
-
-
-
Total
63
12
3
2
-
1
Large lorry
Bus
V4 Time
No. of vehicle Van Small lorry
Car /taxi
Motorcycle
8.45am- 9.00am
70
20
3
2
-
-
9.01am- 9.15am
64
13
5
5
1
-
9.16am -9.30am
62
9
-
7
-
-
9.31am- 9.45am
71
10
2
5
-
-
Total
267
52
10
19
1
-
V5 Time
No. of vehicle Van Small lorry
Car /taxi
Motorcycle
Large lorry
Bus
8.45am- 9.00am
7
2
1
2
-
-
9.01am- 9.15am
11
4
-
-
-
-
9.16am -9.30am
9
2
-
-
-
-
9.31am- 9.45am
6
-
-
1
-
-
Total
33
8
1
3
-
-
Large lorry
Bus
V6 Time
No. of vehicle Van Small lorry
Car /taxi
Motorcycle
8.45am- 9.00am
48
5
5
-
2
1
9.01am- 9.15am
38
1
-
1
3
-
9.16am -9.30am
30
3
1
2
9
-
9.31am- 9.45am
31
1
4
-
3
-
Total
147
10
10
3
17
1
183
208
188
81 349
45
DISCUSSION
Peak hour factor (PHF) Time 8.45am- 9.00am 9.01am- 9.15am 9.16am -9.30am 9.31am- 9.45am Total
Volume 304 279 238 233 1054
Rate of flow ,(veh/hr) 1216 1116 952 932
No. of vehicle 784 141 43 54 29 4
PCU value 1.00 0.75 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.00
Passenger Car Unit (PCU) Vehicle Car /taxi Motorcycle Van Small lorry Large lorry Bus
PCU/hr 784.00 105.75 86.00 135.00 87.00 12.00
CONCLUSION From the observation that have been conduct, the volume over the full hour is the sum of the four 15minute volumes comprising the hour. This value, 1054 veh/hr is an hourly volume (total volume of all intervals). So, the relationship between the hourly volume and the maximum rate of flow within the hour is defined by the peak hour factor (PHF) is 0.867.
