ANIMAL TISSUE
XI Science 6 Compiled by: Erdhiyan Saputri Harrris Budiman Hilmi Sifa’ Iftitah Sila Nur !i"#ha $% Udi# $a&ar
The Report of Animal Tissue Observation Result a. Purpose • •
T' descri(e the many types 'f animal tissues% )an res'lute the *eneral characteristic 'f animal tissue%
b. Basic Theory Animal tissues can (e *r'uped int' f'ur (asic types+ c'nnectie, muscle, ner'us, and epithelial% Multiple tissue types c'mprise 'r*ans and ('dy structures% -hile all animals can *enerally (e c'nsidered t' c'ntain the f'ur tissue types, the manifestati'n 'f these tissues can di.er dependin* 'n the type 'f 'r*anism% $'r e/ample, the 'ri*in 'f the cells c'mprisin* a particular tissue type may di.er deel'pmentally f'r di.erent classi0cati'ns 'f animals% The epithelium in all animals is deried fr'm the ect'derm and end'derm 1ith a small c'ntri(uti'n fr'm the mes'derm, f'rmin* the end'thelium, a speciali"ed type 'f epithelium that c'mprises the asculature% By c'ntrast, a true epithelial tissue is present 'nly in a sin*le layer 'f cells held t'*ether ia 'ccludin* &uncti'ns called ti*ht &uncti'ns, t' create a selectiely permea(le (arrier% This tissue c'ers all 'r*anismal surfaces that c'me in c'ntact 1ith the e/ternal enir'nment such as the s#in, the air1ays, and the di*estie tract% It seres functi'ns 'f pr'tecti'n, secreti'n, and a(s'rpti'n, and is separated fr'm 'ther tissues (el'1 (y a (asal lamina%
Connective tissue )'nnectie tissues are 0(r'us tissues% They are made up 'f cells separated (y n'n2liin* material, 1hich is called e/tracellular matri/% )'nnectie tissue *ies shape t' 'r*ans and h'lds them in place% B'th (l''d and ('ne are e/amples 'f c'nnectie tissue% As the name% It supp'rts and (inds 'ther tissues% Unli#e epithelial tissue, c'nnectie tissue typically has cells scattered thr'u*h'ut an e/tracellular matri/3%
Muscle tissue Muscle cells f'rm the actie c'ntractile tissue 'f the ('dy #n'1n as muscle tissue 'r muscular tissue% Muscle tissue functi'ns t' pr'duce f'rce and cause m'ti'n, either l'c'm'ti'n 'r m'ement 1ithin internal 'r*ans% Muscle tissue is separated int' three distinct cate*'ries+ isceral 'r sm''th muscle, 1hich is f'und in the inner linin*s 'f 'r*ans4 s#eletal muscle, in 1hich is f'und attached t'
('ne pr'idin* f'r *r'ss m'ement4 and cardiac muscle 1hich is f'und in the heart, all'1in* it t' c'ntract and pump (l''d thr'u*h'ut an 'r*anism%
Nervous tissue )ells c'mprisin* the central ner'us system and peripheral ner'us system are classi0ed as neural tissue% In the central ner'us system, neural tissue f'rms the (rain and spinal c'rd and, in the peripheral ner'us system f'rms the cranial neres and spinal neres, inclusie 'f the m't'r neur'ns% Ner'us tissue functi'ns t' transmit messa*es in f'rm 'f impulse%
pithelial tissue The epithelial tissues are f'rmed (y cells that c'er the 'r*an surfaces such as the surface 'f the s#in, the air1ays, the repr'ductie tract, and the inner linin* 'f the di*estie tract% The cells c'mprisin* an epithelial layer are lin#ed ia semi2permea(le, ti*ht &uncti'ns4 hence, this tissue pr'ides a (arrier (et1een the e/ternal enir'nment and the 'r*an it c'ers% In additi'n t' this pr'tectie functi'n, epithelial tissue may als' (e speciali"ed t' functi'n in secreti'n and a(s'rpti'n% Epithelial tissue helps t' pr'tect 'r*anisms fr'm micr''r*anisms, in&ury, and 5uid l'ss% $uncti'ns+ •
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the cell 'f the ('dy surface f'rm the 'uter layer 'f s#in% inside the ('dy,epithelial cells f'rms linin* 'f m'uth alimentary canal pr'tect these 'r*an%
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epithelial tissues help in a(s'rpti'n 'f 1ater nutrient%
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epithelial tissues help in eliminati'n 'f 1aste pr'duct%
The di.erent types 'f epithelial tissues are as f'll'1s+ •
S7uam'us epithelium,
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)u('idal epithelium,
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)'lumnar epithelium,
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8landular epithelium,
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)iliated epithelium%
