The Chinese Government and PLA’s Use of Information Warfare

Pfj Dfeljtj Agsjxlmjlp # Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu―t ztj gc Elcgxmnpegl Qnxcnxj &EQ% | Duhjx Qnxcnxj

ETHL? 516>605864408

Hu Qeiienm P, Fnajtpn` EE Cjhxznxu 85) 82>8 Jvjdzpesj Tzmmnxu

Rxghijm'Grrgxpzlepu Tpnpjmjlp

Qepf eldxjntela cxj~zjldu) ljqt gc duhjx-nppndkt hu pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln &RXD% elpxz`j gzx `neiu dgltdegztljtt el pfj cgxm gc ljqtrnrjx nxpedijt) mnanelj jvrgtåt nl` jsjl iggtj nppxehzpegl hu gccedeni agsjxlmjlp tgzxdjt qepfel mnlu qjtpjxl lnpeglt, Fgqjsjx) teldj >55:) pfjxj fnsj hjjl lg èxjdp >22* rxggc rgtepesj ielkt gc nppxehzpegl gx `jcelepesj jse`jldj aesjl pg n duhjx-fndk fnsela gxeaelnpj` qepfel gx cxgm Dfeln, Pfet Dnrtpglj tjjkt pg `jcelj qfnp gxanlenpeglt qepfel pfj RXD mnu fnsj pfj mgpesj) grrgxpzlepu nl` grrgxpzlepu cgx dnxxuela gzp duhjx hntj` fndkela nppndkt naneltp gpfjx lgl-Dfeljtj lnpegl tpnpjt, Lgpj? Cgx pfet rnrjx) pfj pjxm duhjx qnxcnxj et `jcelj` ` jcelj` nt pfj dnidzinpj` ztj gc hgpf gccjltesj nl` `jcjltesj dgmrzpjx ljpqgxk nppndkt &DLN% nl` dgmrzpjx ljpqgxk jvrigept &DLJ% pg pnkj n`snlpnaj gc dgmrzpjx ljpqgxk sziljxnheiepejt &DLS% np pfj ajg-rgiepedni ijsji) lnpegl pg pf

lnpegl) ceafpela el qfnp et lgq `jcelj` nt pfj : èmjltegl — duhjx trndj, N meiepnxu `gdpxelj qfedf eldiz`jt pfj ztj gc ljp djlpxed qnxcnxj &LDQ%) eldizèla hzp lgp iemepj` pg pfj ztj gc DNL nl` DLJ nt n rnxp gc dgmrzpjx ljpqgxk grjxnpeglt &DLG% et dniij` elcgxmnpegl qnxcnxj &EQ%,

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Xjtzipt # Xjdgmmjl`npeglt

Dgldizteglt gc pfj xjtjnxdf nl` nddgmrnluela nlniutet elèdnpj pfnp pfjxj et n èxjdp nl` ~znlpecenhij fetpgxedni ielknaj hjpqjjl pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln nl` duhjx qnxcnxj, Pfet dgxxjinpegl et èse`j` elpg pfxjj tjdpgxt nt n lnpegl tpnpj elcgxmnpegl qnxcnxj elepenpesj; pfjtj pfxjj tjrnxnpj nl` ètpeldp ntrjdpt nxj pfj Dgmmzletp Rnxpu gc Dfeln &DRD%) pfj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu &RIN% nl` dgmmjxdeni dgxrgxnpj jlpepejt, Aesjl dzxxjlp jsjlpt el pfj Z,T, @jrnxpmjlp gc @jcjltj―t &@g@% :pf `gmnel gc qnxcnxj) duhjx nl` elcgxmnpegl qnxcnxj) pfj dgldiztegl dnl hj mn`j pfnp el`jj` pfjxj nxj dijnx nl` rxjtjlp `nlajxt jmnlnpela cxgm duhjx-trndj) qfjpfjx ep et nl elèse`zni ndpela niglj) n lgl-agsjxlmjlpni gxanlenpegl &LAG%) n meiepnxu gx jsjl n agsjxlmjlp trgltgxj` duhjx elepenpesj, Fgqjsjx) np tgmj rgelp pfj xjtjnxdf mztp dgldiz`j nl` n xjtrgltj cxgm pfj Z,T, et emmeljlp, Ep et cnex pg tnu pfnp pfjxj et n pxzj `nlajx cxgm pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln cxgm n duhjx-qnxcnxj rjxtrjdpesj, Pfj Dfeln duhjx pfxjnp et gmlerxjtjlp nl` et mnlecjtpj` hu gccedeni Dgmmzletp Rnxpu gc Dfeln &DRD% jèdpt) pfj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu) dgmmjxdeni jlpjxrxetj jtreglnaj nl` deseienl fndkpesetpt,

8

Pnhij gc Dglpjlpt Jvjdzpesj Tzmmnxu ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, > Rxghijm'Grrgxpzlepu Tpnpjmjlp

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Xjtzipt # Xjdgmmjl`npeglt ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

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Pnhij gc Dglpjlpt ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 4 Elpxg`zdpegl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, : Mgpesnpegl gc pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

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@jpneij` Tpnpjmjlp gc pfj grrgxpzlepu'rxghijm ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

3

@jcelela pfj Dfeljtj duhjx-qnxcnxj mgpesnpegl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

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Tpnpetpedt gc duhjx-qnxcnxj ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

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@jpneij` Nlniutet gc pfj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu &RIN%

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Pfj RIN―t Elcgxmnpegl Qnxcnxj @gdpxelj ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

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Mgpesnpeglt gc pfj Tpnpj Gqlj` Jlpjxrxetjt &TGJ% # pfj RIN ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

>2

Dntj tpzèjt gc RIN duhjx-nppndk mjpfg`gigau ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

>2

Jvnmrijt gc Niijaj` Duhjx-Nppndkt ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

>2

RIN EQ Dgmmnl` Tpxzdpzxj ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

>2

Pemjielj gc Dfeljtj Duhjx-Qnxcnxj ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

>2

@jtdxerpegl gc rnrjx mjpfg`gigau,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >8 Tpnpetpedt gc pfj Duhjx Qnxcnxj Pfxjnp Pfx jnp,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >8 Tpnpetpedt gc pfj Dfeljtj Duhjx Qnxcnxj Qnx cnxj Pfxjnp ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >0 Gsjxsejq gc pfj Nppndkjxt ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >1 Pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln — Dgmmzletp Rnxpu gc Dfeln &DRD%

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Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu &RIN% ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

>6

Tpnpj Gqlj` Jlpjxrxetjt &TGJ% ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

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Deseienl Fndkjxt &Fndkpesetpt% ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

>6

4

@jpneij` Nlniutet gc pfj Rjgrij―t R jgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu &RIN% ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, >5 Fetpgxu # Gxeaelt gc Elcgxmnpegl Qnxcnxj el pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >5

Jljmejt np pfj Cexjqnii ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

82

Gxanlenpegl gc pfj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu &RIN% Duhjx Nppndk Dgmmnl` ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 8: Gxeaelt gc Elcgxmnpegl Qnxcnxj RIN Duhjx Dgmmnl` &ljpqgxk nppndk dgmmnl`% Kju rjxtglniepejt gc Dfeljtj Elcgxmnpegl Qnxcnxj Dfeln―t Pfgztnl` Axnelt gc Tnl`

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Jeafp Reiinxt gc pfj RIN―t Duhjx Qnxcnxj Tpxnpjau? Qfu et pfj RIN rzxtzela Duhjx Qnxcnxj7 ,,,,,,,,,, 85 Cxgm Pfj Jeafp Reiinxt gc Dfeljtj Qnxcnxj &

% ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

85

Dgldizteglt gc nrriuela pfj Jeafp Reiinxt gc Zlxjtpxedpj` Dfeljtj Qnxcnxj pg pfj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu ztj gc Elcgxmnpegl nl` Duhjx Qnxcnxj ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

43

Dfeljtj Tpnpj Gqlj` Jlpjxrxetjt &TGJ% # pfj RIN ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

41

Qfjxj et pfj niijaj` Dfeljtj Duhjx Qnxcnxj Pfxjnp Dgmela Cxgm7 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

00

GMEPPJ@,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Trjdeced Niijaj` Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln Duhjx Nppndkt ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

00

00

Nlniutet gc pfj elcgxmnpegl dgiijdpj` ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 01 Xjtzipt gc pfj xjtjnxdf xjtjn xdf nl` nlniutet nl` nl ` dgldizteglt ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 06 Xjdgmmjl`npeglt cgx n tgizpegl t gizpegl pg pfj rxghijm ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 06 Xjcjxjldjt ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, > Nrrjlèv N — Tealecednlp Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu &RIN% Elcgxmnpegl Qnxcnxj Rjxtglniepejt ,,,,,,,,,,,, 0 Nrrjlèv H — >> -Ujnx Pemjielj gc Dfeljtj Duhjx Qnxcnxj Nppndkt ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

0

1

Elpxg`zdpegl Mgpesnpegl gc pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln

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@jpneij` Tpnpjmjlp gc pfj grrgxpzlepu'rxghijm @jcelela pfj Dfeljtj Duhjx Pfxjnp et jvpxngxèlnxeiu dgmrijv hjdnztj ep et jsjx dfnlaela nl` dgltpnlpiu jsgisela, N rxgcjtteglni dglte`jxnpegl nl` dgmrijpj zl`jxtpnlèla gc pfj ètpeldp pfxjnp hu pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln &RXD% el duhjx trndj mztp eldiz`j nl jvnmelnpegl gc pfj Dgmmzletp Rnxpu gc Dfeln &DRD%) pfj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu &RIN%) dgmmjxdeni Dfeljtj jlpjxrxetjt &DDJ% nl` Dfeljtj depejl fndkjxt &DDF%, Elepeniiu pfet jvnmelnpegl gc pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln nl` fjx ztj gc elcgxmnpegl qnxcnxj hjanl el >55:) fgqjsjx) el pfj rntp >8->0 mglpft pfj lgpgxejpu nl` tealecednldj gc pfet ettzj fnt jlazicj` pfj Zlepj` Tpnpjt Agsjxlmjlp &ZTA%) ZT @jrnxpmjlp gc @jcjltj &@g@%) nt qjii nt Hxepetf) Ajxmnl) Cxjldf nl` ZT dgmmjxdeni hzteljttjt, Dzxxjlpiu) pfj duhjx qnxcnxj pfxjnp cxgm pfj RXD fnt dxjnpj` tzdf n ljanpesj xjtrgltj nmglatp meiepnxu gccedenit qgxi`qe`j pfnp elèxjdp nl` ghie~zj xjcjxjldjt qepfgzp dnxjczi nppxehzpegl fnsj mnl`npj` nt ljdjttnxu nl gccedeni rgiedu gc `jcjlèla nl` lgq nppndkela pfgtj dgzlpxejt pfnp qgzi` ztj duhjx trndj pg nppndk pfjm,> Czxpfjxmgxj) pfj jvnmelnpegl gc pfj duhjx qnxcnxj pfxjnp cxgm Dfeln qeii eldiz`j pfj Dgmmzletp Rnxpu gc Dfeln―t cgxmni ijaetinpegl nl` jèdp xjanxèla pfj ztj gc elcgxmnpegl

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8

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4

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3

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5

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81

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48

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Pfj fetpgxu gc Duhjx Qnxcnxj el pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln et) el xjinpesj Elpjxljp pjxmt) sjxu mnpzxj, Hjaellela gl Mnu 24) 822> Dfeln qnxlj` pfj Qjtpjxl Fjmetrfjxj gc mnttesj fndk nppndkt,40 El 8228 — hntj` zrgl pfj ’elcgxmnpenpegl” rxgrgtni qepfel pfj RXD) 修

恧匓) pfj aighni jljxau el`ztpxu tnq nl jmjxajldj gc czl`nmjlpni pnxajpj` duhjx-nppndkt qgxi`qe`j, @zxela n trjjdf hjcgxj pfj >3pf Rnxpu Dglaxjtt) Dfeljtj Dgmmzletp Rnxpu &DDR% Ajljxni Tjdxjpnxu nl` Djlpxni Meiepnxu Dgmmettegl &DMD% Dfnexmnl Oenla _jmel) tpnpj` pqg elcgxmnpenpegl jèdpt hj zl`jxpnkjl hu pfj Rgiephzxg nl` pfj RIN; pfjtj qjxj4: Dxepedni Elcxntpxzdpzxj) trjdecedniiu pfj jljxau tjdpgx) et cgdzt gc Dfeln―t Elcgxmnpegl Qnx nl` Pfxjnpt `zj pg pfj dglljdpegl nl` elpjx`jrjl`jldj gc pfjex elcgxmnpegl tutpjmt qepf pfj grjl Elpjxljp) mnkj ep n axjnp pnxajp) tzdf nt pfj jvetpela rgqjx axe` el pfj Zlepj` Tpnpjt gx nlu cgxjeal dgzlpxu, Qfu et pfj Axe` tzdf nl elsniznhij pnxajp cgx pfj Dfeljtj fndkela jccgxpt7 N mg`jxl fetpgxu el lnxxnpesj cgxmnp rxgse`jt qepf pfj cgiigqela rgrzinx jvnmrijt gc elèxjdpiu nppxehzpj` Dfeljtj duhjx-qnxcnxj, El 8221 — AfgtpLjp 幽灺罞 qnt nl Elpjxlnpeglni Duhjx Jtreglnaj Xela hntj` gzp gc Iela Tfze ljnx Fne Lnl Etinl`, Ncpjx gsjx >6 mglpft) n dgltgxpezm gc elpjxlnpeglni inq jlcgxdjmjlp elsjtpeanpgxt nl` xjtjnxdfjxt cxgm pfj Mzlk Eltpepzpj el Pgxglpg) Dnln`n zldgsjxj` `jiehjxnpj duhjx jse`jldj ielkela pfj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu nl` pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln Agsjxlmjlp pg duhjx jtreglnaj,43 @zxela 8221 - Pepnl

40

DLL Qgxi` Ljqt Qjhtepj) Lg Huielj nddjttj` gl 1 OZI 822> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''nxpedijt,dll,dgm'822>-2:-24'qgxi`' fppr?''nxpe dijt,dll,dgm'822>-2:-24'qgxi`'dfeln,fndkW>Wduhjx-qnxdfeln,fndkW>Wduhjx-qnx-dfeljtj-duhjx-dfeljtjdfeljtj-duhjx-dfeljtj-fndkjxt7Wt=RM?nte fndkjxt7Wt=RM?ntenrdc nrdc 4: Gccedj gc pfj Tjdxjpnxu gc @jcjltj) Meiepnxu nl` Tjdzxepu @jsjigrmjlpt Elsgisela pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln 82>2 nddjttj` gl 86 LGS 82>2 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,`jcjltj,ags'rzht'r`ct'82>2WDMRXWCelni,r`c 43 Tdxeh` @gdzmjlp Tjxsjx) Lg Huielj nddjttj` gl 42 MNX 8225 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,tdxeh`,dgm'`gd'>414>113'Pxndkela-AfgtpLjpfppr?''qqq,tdxeh`,dgm'`gd'>4 14>113'Pxndkela-AfgtpLjp-ElsjtpeanpelaElsjtpeanpela-n-Duhjx-Jtreglnaj-Ljpqgxk n-Duhjx-Jtreglnaj-Ljpqgxk >5

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Pfj ^íiíl grjxnpela tutpjm &ÎGT%) 麘麗) et nl grjxnpela tutpjm `jsjigrj` hu ndn`jmedt np pfj Lnpeglni Zlesjxtepu gc @jcjltj Pjdflgigau el pfj Rjgrij!t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln) nl` nrrxgsj` cgx ztj hu pfj Rjgrij!t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu, Hntj` gl Mndf nl` CxjjHT@) ep et `jtealj` pg n`` nl jvpxn ijsji gc tjdzxepu pg pfj ÎGT grjxnpela tutpjm, Pfet Dfeljtj grjxnpela tutpjm et n temeinx jccgxp pg Tjdzxepu-Jlfnldj` Ielzv pfnp qnt gxeaelniiu `jsjigrj` rxemnxeiu hu pfj Z,T, Lnpeglni Tjdzxepu Najldu, Pfj cextp rzhied sjxtegl gc qnt dniij` Kuiel0>hu pfj qjtpjxl

41

Lnpfnl Pfgxlhzxaf) Elte`j pfj Dfeljtj Fndk Nppndk nddjttj` gl 83 NZA 822: sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,pemj,dgm'pemj'lnpegl'nxpedij'2)6:55)>25641>)22,fpmi 46 Sesenl Ujg) Ntenl qjh tzxcjxt pgr cgx pemj trjlp glielj) Elpjxljp ztjxt el Dfeln naj` hjigq 8: trjl` gl nsjxnaj :2 rjxdjlp gc pfjex ijetzxj pemj glielj) nddgxèla pg n tzxsju nddjttj` gl >0 @JD 8226 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,`ljp,dg,zk'ljqt'ljpqgxkela'8226'>8'2>'nte fppr?''qqq,`ljp,dg,zk'ljqt'l jpqgxkela'8226'>8'2>'ntenl-qjh-tzxcjxt-pgr-c nl-qjh-tzxcjxt-pgr-cgx-pemj-trjlp-glie gx-pemj-trjlp-glielj-45:36253' lj-45:36253' 45 Jxed Dfnhxgq) Rjlpnagl? Dfeln Duhjx Qjnrglxu Rgtjt Pfxjnp nddjttj` gl 81 MNX 8221 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,agselcgtjdzxepu,dgm'nxpedijt,rfr7nxpWe`=>488 02 Ehe`, 0> @nldfg @nldfjs) Dfeln!t !tjdzxj! GT Kuiel - n pfxjnp pg Z,T gccjltesj duhjx dnrnheiepejt7 82

qgxi`) ep qnt xjijntj` el 8221,08 麘麗 — ^íiíl) nt ep et klgql hu pfj Rel Uel rxglzldenpegl et n CxjjHT@ ZLEV-hntj` grjxnpela tutpjm pfnp qnt `jsjigrj` el xjtrgltj pg pfj Qjtpjxl Qgxi` xjtpxedpela jvrgxp iedjltela gl pfj Zlev-hntj` grjxnpela tutpjm, ^íiíl et el ztj hu pfj Meletpxu gc Tpnpj Tjdzxepu) &ME@%) 4x`) 0pf # 1pf Hzxjnzt) nii gc qfgm fnsj xjtrglteheiepu cgx elpjiieajldj anpfjxela) dgiijdpela nl` nlniuela qepf pfj RIN, Pfj ~zjtpegl gc qfjxj pfj Dfeljtj duhjx qnxcnxj pfxjnp et dgmela cxgm pfjl nxetjt) nl` pfj nltqjx et ‖jsjxuqfjxj hzp lgqfjxj―) 宄既夀不圦佃既夀) pfj Rel Uel rxglzldenpegl et Qÿ dfõ hõâe ~zæ qÿ dfõ, Pfj Iela Tfze Tealnit Elpjiieajldj Cndeiepu) qfedf et xzl hu pfj Pfex` Pjdfledni @jrnxpmjlp gc pfj RIN nl` grjxnpjt sjxu digtj pg pfj elcnmgzt Fnelnl Etinl` Nexceji`, Xjdnii pfj dnrpzxj` ZT Lnsu R-4 Gxegl) `zxela qfedf n Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu Nex Cgxdj &RINNC% dxntfj` elpg n ZT Lnsu R-4 Gxegl xjdgllnettnldj nexdxncp grjxnpela gzp gc Gkelnqn―t Kn`jln nexhntj, El Ceazxj 4 hjigq pfjxj et n ajgaxnrfed xjrxjtjlpnpegl gc Fnel Lnl Etinl`,

nddjttj` gl >4 MNU 8225 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,`ljp,dgm'hi fppr?''qqq,`ljp,dgm'higa'tjdzxepu'dfel ga'tjdzxepu'dfelnt-tjdzxj-gt-kuielnt-tjdzxj-gt-kuieln-pfxjnp-pg-zt-gccjltesj-duhjx-dnrnhe n-pfxjnp-pg-ztgccjltesj-duhjx-dnrnheiepejt'446: iepejt'446: 08 Hxzdj Tdfljejx) Kuiel? Ljq Dfeljtj Grjxnpela Tutpjm nddjttj` gl >5 MNU 8225 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,tdfljejx,dgm'higa'nxdfesjt'8225'2:'kuielWljqWdfelj,fpmi 8>

Ceazxj 4? Mnr gc Fne Lnl Etinl`) Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln, 04) 00

Hntj` zrgl pfj dzxxjlp fetpgxu nl` pxjl`t gc Dfeljtj Duhjx Qnxcnxj) pfj ~zjtpegl mztp hj ntkj` nt pg qfjpfjx gx lgp pfjxj et n fetpgxu gc dggrjxnpegl) dglcztegl gx dgmriedepu7 Nddgxèla pg higa nzpfgxt) Ljpqgxk Qgxi` Dfeln fnt rijàj` Dfeln fnt rijàj` pg tpjr zr n`meletpxnpegl gc Elpjxljp0:) jttjlpeniiu tpnpela pg pfj qgxi` ep qeii rgiedj ept gql deseienl fndkpesetpt — jltzxela pfjtj duhjx seaeinlpjt qgl―p dxjnpj dglèpeglt cgx cgxdj` duhjx xjpnienpegl hu dgmmjxdeni jlpepejt) lnpegl tpnpjt gx cjiigq fndkela rxgcjtteglnit,

04

Mnr gc Fne Lnl Etinl`) Fnelnl Etinl` - Ielatfze Nxjn [Pgrgaxnrfed Mnr] Gxeaelni tdnij >?8:2)222, Rgxpegl gc NMT tjxejt I:22) tfjjp LJ 05-3) Z,T, Nxmu Mnr Tjxsedj) >53>, &010K%, >ZrPxnsji Qjhtepj nddjttj` gl >3 @JD 82>2 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,>zrpxnsji,dgm'qgxi`mnrt'dfeln42,fpmi 00 Pxnsji Mnr gc Fnelnl Etinl`) Dfeln) Mnrt Gc Dfeln nddjttj` 8> OZL 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,mnrt-gc-dfeln,ljp'rxgseldj'fnelnlm,fpm 0: Mnxiul Qeiienmt) Dfeln rijàjt pg tpjr zr n`meletpxnpegl gc Elpjxljp Pfj agsjxlmjlp et jvrnlèla dglpxgi gc pfj Elpjxljp pg kjjr rndj qepf ljq tjxsedjt tjxsedjt nddjttj` gl 6 MNX 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,ljpqgxkqgxi`,dgm'ljqt'82>>'2421>>-dfeln-rijàjtfppr?''qqq,ljpqgxkqgxi`,dgm'ljqt '82>>'2421>>-dfeln-rijàjt-pg-tpjr-zr,fpmi7rnaj=> pg-tpjr-zr,fpmi7rnaj=> 88

Nxj jdglgmed pejt hjpqjjl pfj Z,T, nl` pfj RXD axjnpjx pfnl duhjx `gmelnpegl7 Nlgpfjx ntrjdp gc pfj rgpjlpeni cgx Dfeljtj dggrjxnpegl hu pfj Zlepj` Tpnpjt nl` pfj tjjmelaiu zljlèla tpxjnm gc duhjx-nppndkt et pfnp rjxfnrt pfj Z,T, `gjt lgp qnlp pg jl` pfj duhjx-nppndkt, Pqg rnxpedzinx ljcnxegzt xjntglt dgmj pg mel`? pfj Z,T, qnlpela pg jlpjx elpg n duhjx-qnx tepznpegl mzdf iekj pfj lzdijnx nxmt xndj qepf pfj Xzttenlt) nl` pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln fgi`t n tealecednlp nmgzlp pfj Z,T, pxjntzxu hgl` mnxkjp) nl` ec pfj ZT qjxj pg rgpjlpeniiu nlajx pfjtj Dfeljtj ignl fgi`jxt) pfj emriednpeglt cgx hgpf pfj Z,T, nl` Dfeljtj jdglgmejt dgzi` hj rgpjlpeniiu `jsntpnpela,03) 01 Rjxfnrt jsjl pfj meiepnxu) pfj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu &RIN% et nttjxpela eptjic nt pfj rgqjx `gmnel qepfel pfj Djlpxni Dgmmzletp Rnxpu &DRD% jèdpt nl` dgltpxzdpt cgx `jcjlèla nl` rxgpjdpela Dfeln, Qfg nxj pfj RIN ‖rxeldjielat― nl` qfu nxj pfj emrgxpnlp nl` xjijsnlp pg pfj duhjx qnxcnxj elepenpesj el Dfeln7 Sedj Rxjte`jlp Ve Oel rela06 et n kju ceazxj el Dfeln―t duhjx `gmelnldj jccgxpt, Ncpjx pfj Jeafpjjlpf Rnxpu Dglaxjtt el Hjeoela) Ve qeii qjnx pfxjj sjxu emrgxpnlp ijn`jxtfer fnpt el pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln? Ajljxni Tjdxjpnxu gc pfj Dfeljtj Dgmmzletp Rnxpu) Rxjte`jlp gc pfj Rjgrij!t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln nl` j~zniiu emrgxpnlpiu) Dfnexmnl gc pfj Djlpxni Meiepnxu Dgmmettegl qfedf dglpxgit pfj rgqjxczi Rjgrij!t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu, Pfet tealecednlp ijn`jxtfer dfnlaj qeii gddzx `zxela pfj 82>8 DRD rijlzm, Ve―t fetpgxu nt n rgiepedni ijn`jx el Dfeln et n dzxegzt glj, Fj et pfj gliu Dfeljtj pg fnsj rzhiediu dxepedej` Mng Ptj Pzla―t jdglgmed Xjcgxm dniij` pfj Axjnp Ijnr Cgxqnx`, Pfet dxepedetm è` lgp dgmj qepfgzp rzletfmjlp) nt fj qnt tjlp pg n xjfnheiepnpegl rxgaxnm, Fgqjsjx) qfnp et xjmnxknhij nl` emrgxpnlp pg pfj dzxxjlp tpnpj gc duhjx qnx el Dfeln et pfnp Ve) ncpjx fet ’xj-rxgaxnmmela” qnt ndpzniiu rxgmgpj` zl`jx @jla Ven Rjla―t ijn`jxtfer nl` czxpfjx jdglgmed xjcgxm, Pfzt) qfeij Ve qnt tjjl hu Mng nt n mzpelgzt Dgmmzletp Rnxpu mjmhjx) tzhtj~zjlp Dfeljtj rgiepedni nl` meiepnxu ijn`jxtfer fnsj tealecednlp dglce`jldj el fem nt seteglnxu qfg fnt hgpf

03

Qnulj M, Mgxxetgl) Mnxd Inhglpj) Dfeln―t Fgièlat gc Z,T, Tjdzxepejt? Emriednpeglt cgx pfj Z,T, Jdglgmu Dglaxjtteglni Xjtjnxdf Tjxsedj nddjttj` gl 8> OZL 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,cnt,gxa'tar'dxt'xgq'XI404>0,r`c 01 @jrnxpmjlp gc pfj Pxjntzxu'Cj`jxni Xjtjxsj Hgnx`) MNOGX CGXJEAL FGI@JXT GC PXJNTZXU TJDZXEPEJT &el heiieglt gc `giinxt% FGI@ELAT >' NP JL@ GC RJXEG@ nddjttj` gl 8> OZL 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,pxjntzxu fppr?''qqq,pxjntzxu,ags'xjtgzxdj-djlpjx' ,ags'xjtgzxdj-djlpjx'`npn-dfnxp-djlp `npn-dfnxp-djlpjx'ped'@gdzmjlpt'mcf,pvp jx'ped'@gdzmjlpt'mcf,pvp 06 Qeiiu Inm) ‖Dxgql rxeldj― Ve dgltgie`npjt fet rgtepegl qepf RIN ajljxnit nl` cjiigq ‖rxeldjielat― nddjttj` gl 8: ONL 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,cxjjrxjttjxt,dgm'82>>'2>'dxgql-rxeldj-vedgltgie`npjt-fet-rgtepegl-qepf-rin dgltgie`npjt-fetrgtepegl-qepf-rin-ajljxnit-nl`-cjii -ajljxnit-nl`-cjiigq-rxeldjielat' gq-rxeldjielat' 84

mgpfjx Dfeln―t qjii-hjela el mel` nl` pfj nheiepu pg jvjdzpj fet tpxnpjaed rinlt, Qfnp nhgzp pfj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu7 Sedj-Rxjte`jlp Ve Oel rela et dgltgie`npela fet fgi` gsjx pfj meiepnxu cgxdjt) qfeij Ve) :1) qnt mn`j n Sedj-Dfnexmnl gc pfj rgiedu-tjppela Djlpxni Meiepnxu Dgmmettegl &DMD% gliu intp Gdpghjx) pfj ’dxgql rxeldj” fnt tzddjttcziiu mnljzsjxj` pg jvrnl` fet digzp gsjx pfj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu &RIN% pgr ajljxni gccedjxt,05 Pfj Dfeljtj pxnèpegl et glj gc mnlerzinpegl qfedf jldgmrnttjt nii ntrjdpt gc pfjex dzipzxj) fetpgxu) inlaznaj) elpjxlnpeglni rgiedu nl` meiepnxu tpxnpjau, Rinuela glj rnxpu―t te`j gc nl ettzj naneltp nlgpfjx―t) jtrjdeniiu ec ep et el cnsgx gc pfj Dfeljtj `jtexj` jl`-tpnpj qfedf ztzniiu eldiz`jt jdglgmed hnxanelela nl` ljagpenpela) et pfj zipemnpj axnl` anmj, N axjnp jvnmrij xjdjlpiu et pfj `jdetegl hu pfj Djlpxni Dfeljtj Agsjxlmjlp pg jlpjxpnel he`t cgx pfj lnpeglni nexielj nexdxncp rzxdfntj, Fgqjsjx) el pfet dntj ep elsgisj` mgxj pfnl oztp qellela n Dfeljtj Agsjxlmjlp he`; ’pfj Dfeljtj mnxkjp et axgqela cntp) Nexhzt et rgetj` pg anel pfj axjnpjtp hjljcep, Pfj zlep gc Jzxgrjnl Njxglnzped @jcjltj # Trndj &JN@TU% et qellela cnx mgxj gx`jxt pfnl Hgjela) qfedf lgq cel`t eptjic n pnxajp el n lntpu qnx gc qgx`t hjpqjjl Qntfelapgl nl` Hjeoela pfnp dgzi` rzp Hgjela jsjl czxpfjx hjfel` ept inxajx xesni,:2 Gl Onlznxu 85) pfj Ghnmn N`meletpxnpegl elcgxmj` Dglaxjtt gc rinlt pg tjii $3,0 heiiegl el qjnrglt pg Pneqnl) nl` pfj cgiigqela `nu pfj Dfeljtj agsjxlmjlp tne` ep qgzi` rzletf Z,T, dgmrnlejt elsgisj` el pfj tnijt, Pfnp dgzi` fzxp Hgjela) qfedf mnkjt pfj Fnxrggl metteijt pfnp Pneqnl qeii hj rzxdfntela nt rnxp gc pfj `jni,”:> Nlgpfjx jvnmrij gc dgjxdesj dggrjxnpegl hu pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln et glj el qfedf pfju fnsj reppj` pfj Zlepj` Tpnpjt naneltp pfj Jzxgrjnl Zlegl grjliu dxepedeela hgpf jlpepejt cgx pfjex cneielat jdglgmedniiu, Teldj Rxjte`jlp Ghnmn tealj` pfj inpjtp `jcedep hzàjp xnetela pfj `jhp iemep oztp intp qjjk) pfj Dfeljtj fnsj n ‖qj pgi` ugz tg― nppepz`j tpnpela pfjex zlètazetj` dglpjmrp nl` ètaztp cgx pfet Qjtpjxl lnpegl―t elnheiepu pg mnlnaj pfjex jdglgmu qepfgzp fjir cxgm Dfeln―t celnldeni hneigzp jccgxpt nl` gccjxt, Pfj JZ `gjt lgp jtdnrj pfet

05

Oglnpfgl Cjlhu) Ve Oelrela? Pfj mnl qfg!ii ijn` Dfeln elpg n ljq naj) nddjttj` 1 LGS 82>2 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,aznxènl,dg,zk fppr?''qqq,aznxènl,dg,zk'pfjghtjxsjx'82>2'lgs'21' 'pfjghtjxsjx'82>2'lgs'21've-oelrela-dfelnve-oelrela-dfeln-`nse`-dnmjxgl `nse`-dnmjxgl :2 Pglu Dnrnddeg nl` Segin Aejlajx) Dfeln Tztrjl`t Z,T, Meiepnxu Pejt gl Pneqnl Nxmt T nij &Zr`npj4%) nddjttj` 42 ONL 82>2 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,hzteljttqj fppr?''qqq,hzteljttqjjk,dgm'ljqt'82>2-2>-42'z-t-t jk,dgm'ljqt'82>2-2>-42'z-t-tjjkt-pg-tjii-p jjkt-pg-tjii-pneqnlneqnlqjnrglt-qgxpf-mgxj-pfnl-3-heiiegl,fpmi :> Hxzdj Jlfgxl) Nexhzt Mnu Hjnp Hgjela el Dfeln!t Nsenpegl Mnxkjp) nddjttj` 8 CJH 82>2 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,hzteljttqjjk fppr?''qqq,hzteljttqjjk,dgm'aighnihe'dglpjlp ,dgm'aighnihe'dglpjlp'cjh82>2'ah82>2288W1242::,fpm 'cjh82>2'ah82>2288W1242::,fpm 80

qepfjxela dgl`jmlnpegl cxgm pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln jepfjx, Dfeln dnllgp dglpnel eptjic gsjx pfj JZ―t cneizxj pg tfgxj zr pfj Axjjk jdglgmu,:8

Gxanlenpegl gc pfj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu &RIN% Duhjx Nppndk Dgmmnl`

Pfj RIN Duhjx Dgmmnl` &ljpqgxk nppndk dgmmnl`% trjdecej` el Mnl`nxel Dfeljtj nt

修恧宅兦埿圲 ) Vélv ī Ďl~zîl o ī `é) `é) fnt n `jcelj` mettegl gc n``xjttela rgpjlpeni duhjx pfxjnpt nl` tncjaznx` Dfeln!t lnpeglni tjdzxepu, Pfet qnt n tpxnpjaed mgsj gx`jxj` hu Rxjte`jlp Fz Oelpng el 82>> pg rxgse`j ijaepemndu hu pfj Dgmmzletp Rnxpu gc Dfeln &DRD% nl` pfj gccedeni RXD elpjlp xjanxèla duhjx-elcxntpxzdpzxj nl` rxgpjdpegl gc pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln nt n lnpegl, Rxjte`jlp Fz Oel png gx`jxj` pfj RIN―t Duhjx Dgmmnl` pg nddgmrietf pqg mnel metteglt? fnlìj duhjx pfxjnpt nt Dfeln jlpjxt pfj elcgxmnpegl naj) nl` pg tpxjlapfjl Dfeln!t duhjx-elcxntpxzdpzxj, Dzxegztiu nl` mgtp xjmnxknhiu lgqfjxj qepfel pfj Duhjx Dgmmnl` mettegl tpnpjmjlp `gjt ep tnu nppndk nlgpfjx dgzlpxu―t dxepedni elcxntpxzdpzxj, Pfj RIN et nitg gxanlej` ajgaxnrfedniiu elpg meiepnxu xjaeglt:4 el pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln, Pfj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu &RIN% et xjrxjtjlpj` hu pfjtj ajgaxnrfejt? pfj Tgzpfjntp Nxjn) qfedf eldgxrgxnpjt pfj Lnloela Meiepnxu Xjaegl cndela Pneqnl &n Dfeljtj hxjnknqnu rxgseldj%) Tfnlafne) qfedf et pfj Rxgseldeni Dnrepni) nl` Aznlafgz Meiepnxu Xjaeglt qfedf nxj hgpf dglljdpj` pg Fgla Kgla nl` Fnelnl Etinl` — pfj TEAELP fjn`~znxpjxt gc pfj RIN) pfj Lgxpfjntp Nxjn qfedf eldiz`jt lgxpfjntpjxl Dfeln ljnx Lgxpf Kgxjn dniij` pfj Tfjlunla Meiepnxu Xjaegl) pfj Tgzpfqjtp Nxjn qfedf et n xjmgpj mgzlpnelgzt nxjn cndela mnlu elpjxjtpela Nten lnpeglt tzdf nt Sejplnm) Ingt) Hzxmn) Ljrni nl` Hnlain`jtf &pfj Dfjla`z Meiepnxu Xjaegl%) pfj Lgxpfqjtp Nxjn &Inlfgz Meiepnxu Xjaegl%) pfj Dnrepni Nxjn &Hjeoela Meiepnxu Xjaegl% nl` pfj Tpxnpjaed Xjtjxsj qfedf eldiz`jt grjxnpeglni gsjxqnpdf gc pfj Lgxpf Djlpxni Dfeln `jjr qnpjx rgxpt gc Penloel nl` Tfnlafne &pfj Oelnl Meiepnxu Xjaegl%) nl` pfj

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Ogl J, @gzafpjxpu) Dfeln? @jhp @jnit Zliekjiu pg Tnisnaj Z,T,) Jzxgrj) nddjttj` : NZA 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,ljqtxggmnmjxedn,dgm'tpgxu'>:1053,fpmi :4 Meiepnxu Xjaeglt ' Meiepnxu Nxjn Dgmmnl`t) AighniTjdzxepu,gxa Qjhtepj nddjttj` gl >3 @JD 82>2 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,aighnitj fppr?''qqq,aighnitjdzxepu,gxa'meiepnxu dzxepu,gxa'meiepnxu'qgxi`'dfeln'mx,fpm 'qgxi`'dfeln'mx,fpm 8:

VelOenla Meiepnxu Xjaegl qfedf dgmrxetjt mgtp gc pfj cgxmjx Teik Xgn` nl` cndjt Ncafnletpnl) Xztten nl` Rnketpnl, Ceazxj 0 et n mnr qfedf eiiztpxnpjt pfj RIN―t tjsjl meiepnxu xjaeglt,

Ceazxj 0? Mnr gc Dfeln―t Meiepnxu Xjaeglt, :0) ::

Pfj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu &RIN% Duhjx Nppndk Dgmmnl` 觤攼军给攻击命仠 et Dfeln―t Elcgxmnpegl Tjdzxepu Hntj 修恧宅兦埿圲 nl` qepfel pfet gxanlenpegl nxj cgzl` pfj gxeaelt nl` jtpnhietfmjlp gc Dfeln―t Duhjx Dgmmnl` RIN Elcgxmnpegl Qnxcnxj &EQ% Cgzl`npeglt,

:0

Dfeln Meiepnxu Xjaeglt Mnr) nddjttj` gl 8 OZL 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''xj`xjcgxm,dgm'mnrWgcWdfelnWmeiepnxuWnxjnt,fpm :: DEN Qgxi` CndpHggk) nddjttj` gl 8 OZL 8 2>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fpprt?''qqq,den,ags'iehxnxu'rzhiednpeglt' fpprt?''qqq,den,ags'ie hxnxu'rzhiednpeglt'pfj-qgxi`-cndphggk'a pfj-qgxi`-cndphggk'ajgt'df,fpmi jgt'df,fpmi 83

Ep et emrgxpnlp pg lgpj pfnp jsjl pfgzaf Dfeln fnt n `jjr nl` xedf dzipzxni fetpgxu qfedf fnt eldiz`j` n snxejpu gc rgiepedni ijn`jxt nl` pfjex tutpjmt) pg`nu pfj Dgmmzletp Rnxpu gc Dfeln &DRD% gqjt ept ijandu nl` dzxxjlp rgqjx tpxzdpzxj pg pfj ijn`jx gc Dfeln―t Igla Mnxdf el >506 nl` nrrxgrxenpjiu) pfj cgiigqela ~zgpj nppxehzpj` pg Mng Ptj-Pzla et n dgècej` mettegl tpnpjmjlp cgx pg`nu―t RIN duhjx qnxxegxt; ’Pg ndfejsj sedpgxu qj mztp nt cnx nt rgttehij mnkj pfj jljmu hiel` nl` `jnc hu tjniela fet jujt nl` jnxt) nl` `xesj fet dgmmnl`jxt pg ètpxndpegl hu dxjnpela dglcztegl el pfjex mel`t,”

毛泽丙 Mng Ptj-Pzla:3 Gxeaelt gc Elcgxmnpegl Qnxcnxj RIN Duhjx Dgmmnl` &ljpqgxk nppndk dgmmnl`% &觤攼军给攻击命仠 Oeěcâlaoūl izø aōlaoí mélaiéla 修恧宅兦埿圲 Vélv ī Ďl~zîl o ī `é% `é% Cgzl`npeglt gc Mg`jxl @nu Dfeljtj Elcgxmnpegl Qnxcnxj &EQ% `npj pg :22 H,D, el TzlPz―t Nxp gc Qnx — Nldejlp Rxelderijt gc Qnx qfedf nxj lgq pfj hntet gc pg`nu―t RIN EQ tpxnpjau nl` pndpedni `gdpxelj, Ep et qe`jiu klgql nl` tpnpj` pfnp teldj >55:) pfjl Dgiglji) lgq Mnogx Ajljxni Qnla Rzcjla et xjanx`j` nt pfj cgzlèla cnpfjx gc Dfeljtj Elcgxmnpegl Qnxcnxj &EQ%,:1 Mnogx Ajljxni Qnla fn` pfxjj mnel jijmjlpt gc fet setegl cgx Dfeljtj EQ) pfjtj eldiz`j` pfj lgpegl pfnp EQ dnl hj dgl`zdpj` el pemjt gc rjndj) dxetet nl` qnx; EQ dgltetpt gc gccjltesj nl` `jcjltesj grjxnpeglt; nl` pfj mnel dgmrgljlpt gc Elcgxmnpegl Qnxcnxj nxj D8 &Dgmmnl` nl` Dglpxgi%) Elpjiieajldj) Jijdpxgled Qnxcnxj) Rtudfgigaedni Qnxcnxj) Fndkjxt qnxcnxj # Jdglgmed qnxcnxj, Kju rjxtglniepejt gc Dfeljtj Elcgxmnpegl Qnxcnxj 觤攼军给攻击命仠,

Pfj Dfeljtj Duhjx Dgmmnl` dgltetpt gc Ajljxni _fnla êltfjla 竢沎甗) Ajljxni Dfjl Hela`j 陆炴徱 ) Ajljxni Mn Vengpenl 驩晔夥) Sedj N`mexni Tzl Oenlazg 孕廿国 nl`

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Hnppijceji` @jdjrpegl) CM 52-8) Fjn`~znxpjxt) ZT Nxmu) Dfnrpjx :) @jdjrpegl Mjnlt nddjttj` gl 82 NRX 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,cnt,gxa'exr'`g`èx'nxmu'cm52-8'52-8df:,fpm :1 Mnogx Ajljxni Qnla Rzcjla) Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu) PFJ DFNIIJLAJ GC ELC GXMNPEGL QNXCNXJ nddjttj` gl >6 @JD 82>2 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,cnt,gxa'exr'qgxi`'dfeln'`gdt'eqWmaWqnla,fpm 81

Mnogx Ajljxni Fgz Tfz tjl 侧栞棬,:6 Pfj RIN―t Pfex` @jrnxpmjlp fgztjt pfj RIN―t Duhjx Dgmmnl` nl` et gxanlej` rjx Ceazxj : hjigq;

Ceazxj :? Pnhij gc Gxanlenpeglt cgxmela pfj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu Elcgqnx Pntk Cgxdj, :5

:6

RIN @neiu) Oziu 82; Dfeln Pemjt) Oziu 82; Aighni Pemjt) Oziu 88 nddjttj` 82>2-26-26 H, Dfnxijt) Pfj RIN―t Elcgxmnpegl Qnxcnxj Rxgceij) Ettzj lg, ::: `npj` 20 Gdpghjx) 8221 nddjttj` >5 ONL 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,elpjiieajldjglielj,dgm'nxpedi fppr?''qqq,elpjiieaj ldjglielj,dgm'nxpedij'xjn`Wnxpedij,ntrv7`gdWeWe j'xjn`Wnxpedij,ntrv7`gdWeWe`=446:8:>0#tjxsedj=AXN#Dglpjvp `=446:8:>0#tjxsedj=AXN#Dglpjvp=RXP =RXP

:5

86

Dfeln―t Pfgztnl` Axnelt gc Tnl` 32 Gxeaelt gc pfet elpjiieajldj gxanlenpeglni tpxzdpzxj nxj djxpneliu fetpgxedni el lnpzxj nl` xjinpj hndk pg 822: nddgxèla pg meiepnxu fetpgxenl) nzpfgx nl` tpxnpjaetp) Onmjt @zlleanl, Pfj rxelderij et temrij? tpz`jlpt) qgxkjxt) j`zdnpgxt) jttjlpeniiu nlu Dfeljtj Lnpeglni qfg `jrnxpt pfj dgzlpxu et jlietpj` pg iggk cgx) ndpesjiu fnxsjtp) dgiijdp nl` xjpzxl qepf elsniznhij elcgxmnpegl pfj Dfeljtj Agsjxlmjlp) Meiepnxu nl` Dgmmjxdeni jlpepejt dnl ztj cgx pfjex hjljcep nl` anel,3> Gc dgzxtj) nrriu pfj naj gi` Pfgztnl` Axnelt gc Tnl` pg Dfeln―t Duhjx Elepenpesj―t nl` ugz fnsj nl jlpexjiu ljq èmjltegl gc ndpesj elpjiieajldj anpfjxela nl` rjxtetpjlp duhjx jtreglnaj,38 ’Gzx &ted% agni et pg ndfejsj n tpxnpjaed ghojdpesj,” ’Ugz fnsj pg mjjp mu rgiepedni dglèpeglt gx ugzx agsjxlmjlp qeii hj pgrrij`) gx ugz rxgmetj pg mjjp tgmj gc mu rgiepedni dglèpeglt,”34 Pfj RIN dniit pfet mjpfg`gigau gc rjxtetpjlp elcgxmnpegl anpfjxela ’Elcgxmnpegl @gmelnldj _fé vélv ī ~zîl -刳修恧杄”, Qepfel elcgxmnpegl `gmelnldj `gdpxelj pfjxj nxj sjxu rxjdetj nppndk sjdpgxt gc elcgxmnpegl `gmelnldj)30 pfjtj nxj? rinlpela elcgxmnpegl meljt) dgl`zdpela elcgxmnpegl xjdgllnettnldj) dfnlaela ljpqgxk `npn) xjijntela elcgxmnpegl hgmht) `zmrela elcgxmnpegl anxhnaj) èttjmelnpela rxgrnanl`n) nrriuela elcgxmnpegl `jdjrpegl) xjijntela diglj elcgxmnpegl) gxanleela elcgxmnpegl `jcjltj nl` jtpnhietfela ljpqgxk tru tpnpeglt, Jeafp Reiinxt gc pfj RIN―t Duhjx Qnxcnxj Tpxnpjau? Qfu et pfj RIN rzxtzela Duhjx Qnxcnxj7

Cxgm Pfj Jeafp Reiinxt gc Dfeljtj Qnxcnxj &越陒或%3: nxj cgzl` el pfj >4 dfnrpjxt gc Tzl Pz―t Nxp gc Qnx pg pfj mgxj dzxxjlp jeafp reiinxt gc Dfeljtj zlxjtpxedpj` qnxcnxj) pfj RIN

32

Onmjt @zlleanl) Dfeln!t Pfgztnl` Axnelt gc Tnl` nddjttj` gl >3 OZI 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,tpxnpjaurnaj,dgm'ìt'nxpedijt822:'822:18>8>820>,ntr 3> Ehe` nddjttj` 82>>-23-82 38 Kxurp4en) Kxurp4en Qjhtepj) Pfj @xnagl nl` Jnaij? Dfeln―t Xetj cxgm Fndkela Pg @eaepni Jtreglnaj nddjttj` gl 3 OZL82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''kxurp4en,qgx`rxjtt,dgm'82>>'23'23'pfj-`xnagl-nl`jnaij-dfelnt-xetj-cxgm-fndkela-pgjnaij-dfelnt-xet j-cxgm-fndkela-pg-èaepni-jtreglnaj' èaepni-jtreglnaj' 34 Mnxn Fsetpjl`nfi) Zllnpzxni Tjijdpegl nddjttj` nddjttj` gl >: CJH 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,pfj`nxksetepgx,dgm'dnpjagxu'zldnpjagxej`' 30 Xedfnx` N, Dinxkj nl` Xghjxp K, Klnkj) Duhjx Qnx, Pfj Ljvp Pfxjnp pg Lnpeglni Tjdzxepu nl` Qfnp pg @g nhgzp Ep ) Ljq Ugxk) FnxrjxDgiielt Rzhietfjxt 82>2) rr, 01 — 30 3: Zlxjtpxedpj` Qnxcnxj) êng Ienla nl` Qnla Venlatze) Hjeoela? RIN Iepjxnpzxj nl` Nxpt Rzhietfela Fgztj) Cjhxznxu >555 &Temriecej` Mnl`nxel D feljtj sjxtegl% 85

fnt `jtealj` nl EQ tpxnpjau dgltetpela gc pfj ztj gc elcgxmnpegl nl` duhjx qnxcnxj, Pfj jeafp reiinxt gc ’hjugl`-iemept dgmhelj` qnx” el Zlxjtpxedpj` Qnxcnxj eldiz`j pfj cgiigqela mnl`npjt;33 gmle-èxjdpeglniepu) tuldfxglu) iemepj` ghojdpesjt) zliemepj` mjntzxjt) ntummjpxu) melemni dgltzmrpegl) mzipeèmjlteglni dggxèlnpegl nl` nòztpmjlp nl` dglpxgi gc pfj jlpexj rxgdjtt, Tzl Pz!t Meiepnxu Rxelderijt Tūl ĭ H ī lac lac  - 孕孒兺泚 — Tzl Pz `jtealj` nl` ansj Dfeljtj meiepnxu ijn`jxt >4 Rxelderijt gc Qnxcnxj nt tpnpj` el >4 dfnrpjxt) qfedf nxj pepij` ’@jpnei Nttjttmjlp nl` Rinllela) Qnaela Qnx31, Dfnrpjx Glj et @jpnei Nttjttmjlp nl` Rinllela 始议 Tf oé) Dfnrpjx Pqg) et Qnaela Qnx 余或 _zøfâl) Dfnrpjx Pfxjj eldiz`jt Tpxnpjaed Nppndk 谋攻 Môz agla) Dfnrpjx Cgzx ètdzttjt @etrgtepegl gc pfj Nxmu 军彨 Oūl víla) el Dfnrpjx Cesj pfj pgred gc Cgxdjt 兺劷 H ī la la tfé et dgsjxj` el `jpnei) Dfnrpjx Tev eldiz`jt Qjnkljttjt nl` Tpxjlapft 號宜 Vūtfí) Dfnrpjx Tjsjl cgdztjt gl Meiepnxu Mnljzsjxt 军亅 Oūl fĔla) Dfnrpjx Jeafp et dgldjxlj` qepf Snxenpeglt nl` N`nrpnheiepu 九取 Oe heâl) Dfnrpjx Lelj elsgisjt Mgsjmjlp nl` @jsjigrmjlp gc Pxggrt 衉军 Vílaoūl) Dfnrpjx Pjl trjnkt pg Pjxxnel

圲彨 @évíla) Dfnrpjx Jijsjl eldiz`jt Pfj Lelj Hnppijaxgzl`t 九圲 Oe `j) Dfnrpjx Pqjisj elsgisjt Nppndkela qepf Cexj 火攻 Fz agla nl` Dfnrpjx Pfexpjjl dgldiz`jt Tzl Pz―t qgxk qepf Elpjiieajldj nl` Jtreglnaj 甦闰 Uøla oeĎl,

Pfj cextp Reiinx gc Zlxjtpxedpj` Qnxcnxj et gmle-èxjdpeglniepu; pfet et n 432-`jaxjj ghtjxsnpegl nl` `jteal eldizèla n dgmhelj` ztj gc nii keljped nl` lgl-keljped xjinpj` `jcjltj dnrnheiepejt nl` cndpgxt -兦斵位皀斵吞怡;迕昧丂丯432 迕昧丂丯432庣皀览寗咉讼议）匊择亃扂朅皀劦能

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Zlxjtpxedpj` Qnxcnxj) êng Ienla nl` Qnla Venlatze) Hjeoela? RIN Iepjxnpzxj nl` Nxpt Rzhietfela Fgztj) Cjhxznxu >555 &Temriecej` Mnl`nxel D feljtj sjxtegl% 31 IEGLJI AEIJT) M,N, &>5>2%) TZL P_Z GL PFJ NXP GC QNX PFJ GI@JTP MEIEPNXU PXJNPETJ EL PFJ QGXI@ nddjttj` gl >8 NRX 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,dfelnrnaj,dgm'tzle-j,fpmi 42

咉靜劦能盶兴皀阸微能力咉团索皀绔吆佷甦)36 pfj Rel-Uel rxglzldenpegl et ^zîl c Ďlaqæe `j c Ďlaveâla véla; fæ tfé u ī aæ aæ 432 `õ `j azĎldfî få tfæoé) hĎgkzøij tzuz `j `ølalåla få c Ĕe `ølalåla veĎlaazĎl `j cîlauõ lålaié få u ī ltõ ltõ `j oeåfå tfuøla, Pfj RIN `jceljt gmle-èxjdpeglniepu nt tjjela jsjxu rgttehij nsjlzj gc nrrxgndf) eldizèla pfj trjdeced ztj gc duhjx qnxcnxj nl` elcgxmnpegl qnx pg ndfejsj pfjex tpxnpjaed nl` pndpedni meiepnxu ghojdpesjt, Pfjxj lg et iglajx nlu ètpeldpegl hjpqjjl qfnp et gx et lgp pfj hnppijceji`, El pfet cextp reiinx gc qnxcnxj pfj jccgxpt dnl hj meiepnxu el lnpzxj) gx pfju dnl hj ~zntemeiepnxu) gx rjxfnrt jsjl lgl-meiepnxu) tzdf nt pfj ztj gc fndkpesetpt, Pfj RIN nrriejt pfet dgmhelj` ztj gc Dfeln!t jlpexj dgmhnp rgqjx) cxgm elpjxlni tpxecj tzdf nt pfgtj tjjl Vel Oenla xjdjlpiu elsgisela Zuafzx tjrnxnpetpt tzrrgxpj` hu Rnketpnl35) gx xjaeglniiu pg lnpeglni dgmhnp rgqjx) el nl elpjxdglpeljlpni gx qgxi`qe`j dglcxglpnpegl, Pfj RIN―t `gdpxelj jvriedepiu eldiz`jt n tpxnpjaedniiu dgmhelj` ztj el qnxcnxj gc lnpeglni xjtgzxdjt pg meiepnxu ghojdpesjt qfedf eldiz`jt iggkela np jsjxu ntrjdp) jsjxu rgttehij nsjlzj gc nrrxgndf gx nppndk sjdpgx) eldizèla pfgtj el duhjx-trndj, Tuldfxglu et pfj tjdgl` reiinx nl` et ‖eltpjn` gc dgl`zdpela ndpeglt el èccjxjlp trndjt qepfel pfj tnmj rjxeg` gc pemj―盶吉皀旳闰冊）圦不吉皀穿闰冊进衉衉劦) pfj Rel-Uel rxglzldenpegl et VeĎlapôla `j tfíoeĎl læe) âe hõpôla `j k ōlaoeĎl læe oél fîla fîla `øla, Pfj RIN hjiejsjt pfnp pjdfledni mjntzxjt jmriguj` el mg`jxl qnxcnxj) trjdecedniiu pfj trxjn` gc elcgxmnpegl pjdflgigau) eldiz`jt jmjxajldj gc igla-xnlaj qnxcnxj pjdflgigau) eldxjntj` nheiepu pg pxnltcgxm pfj hnppijceji`) ielkela pgajpfjx gc hnppijceji`t qfedf tpxjpdf cgxjsjx) nxj tdnppjxj`) gx nxj èccjxjlp hu pfjex lnpzxj) cgx jvnmrij elcgxmnpegl ljpqgxkt) qfjxj meiepnxu nl` lgl-meiepnxu cgxdjt gccjx j~zni cggpela elpg pfj qnx el gx`jx pg axjnpiu tfxelk pfj dgzxtj gc qnxcnxj) 點宨幸郦) rxglgzldj` el Rel Uel nt FĔekæ aâlhõ, Pfj Z,T, meiepnxu!t elcgxmnpegl dnmrneal tutpjmt nxj nl jvnmrij gc n pnxajp xedf jlsexglmjlp cgx pfj Dfeljtj meiepnxu elpjiieajldj dgmmzlepu) jtrjdeniiu ec duhjx qnxcnxj) sen fndkela mettegl dxepedni tutpjmt) ueji`t tg mzdf grjxnpeglni mnpjxeni)

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Zlxjtpxedpj` Qnxcnxj) hu êng Ienla nl` Qnla Venlatze &Hjeoela? RIN Iepjxnpzxj nl` Nxpt Rzhietfela Fgztj) Cjhxznxu >555%) rnaj 882 35 Fnllnf Hjjdf) Dfeln!t Zeafzx Rxghijm? Glj Mnl!t Gx`jni Jdfgjt pfj Rieafp gc n Rjgrij nddjttj` 86 OZI 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''aighni fppr?''aighnitrel,higat,pemj,dgm'82>>'21'86'dfe trel,higat,pemj,dgm'82>>'21'86'dfelnt-zeafzx-rxghijmlnt-zeafzx-rxghijm-glj-mnlt-gx`jniglj-mnlt-gx`jnijdfgjt-pfj-rieafp-gc-n-rjgrij' 4>

trjdecedniiu pfnp 9 > melzpj rxgse`jt `npn gl 0)222 pnxajpt nl` >)822 nexdxncp, Pfzt) ec Dfeln qjxj pg jlanaj el n czii-`jrpf temzipnljgzt nppndk nl` pfj Zlepj` Tpnpjt qnt zlnhij pg jvrnl` pg hnppijceji`t tzdf nt pfj duhjx-xjnim nl` `jcjl` eptjic n`j~znpjiu) pfj RXD qgzi` gsjxdgmj pfj duhjx `jcjltjt gc pfj Z,T, pfxgzaf tzdf elcgxmnpegl anpfjxela nl` fnxsjtpela, El cndp el n xjdjlp ZT Agsjxlmjlp Nddgzlpela Gccedj xjrgxp) `npj` Oziu 82>>) ’@JCJLTJ @JRNXPMJLP DUHJX JCCGXPT) @g@ Cndjt Dfniijlajt el Ept Duhjx Ndpesepejt” ep tpnpjt pfnp pfj ’@g@ fnt nttealj` nzpfgxepejt nl` xjtrglteheiepejt cgx emrijmjlpela duhjxtrndj grjxnpeglt nmgla dgmhnpnlp dgmmnl`t) meiepnxu tjxsedjt) nl` `jcjltj najldejt, Fgqjsjx) pfj tzrrgxpela xjinpegltfert ljdjttnxu pg ndfejsj dgmmnl` nl` dglpxgi gc duhjxtrndj grjxnpeglt xjmnel zldijnx, El xjtrgltj pg n mnogx dgmrzpjx elcjdpegl el 8226) Z,T, Tpxnpjaed Dgmmnl` e`jlpecej` dglcztegl xjanxèla dgmmnl` nl` dglpxgi nzpfgxepejt nl` dfnelt gc dgmmnl` hjdnztj pfj jvrigepj` ljpqgxk cjii zl`jx pfj rzxsejq gc hgpf ept gql dgmmnl` nl` n ajgaxnrfed dgmhnpnlp dgmmnl`, @G@-dgmmetteglj` tpzèjt fnsj xjdgmmjl`j` dgmmnl` nl` dglpxgi emrxgsjmjlpt,”12 Pfj pfex` reiinx gc Zlxjtpxedpj` Qnxcnxj et ‖iemepj` ghojdpesjt―) 叧措发皀茄困冊讼罬持卑钆弚对皀掯施皀惊冺) pfj Rel Uel rxglzldenpegl et Kě oeĔtføz `j câlqåe læe tfæfé flîlfĔl ul`g `j dzøtf ī `j ~ílakzâla, Pfet ntrjdp gc qnxcnxj eldiz`jt qfnp pfj RIN `jtdxehjt nt tjppela n dgmrntt pg aze`j ndpegl qepfel nl nddjrpnhij xnlaj cgx pfj mjntzxjt) mjnlela pfnp pfju fnsj n `jdetesj dgmmnl`jx―t elpjlp nl` ètpeldp rinl hjfel` pfjex ndpeglt hjcgxj pfju jvjdzpj, Ghojdpesjt mztp niqnut hj tmniijx pfnl xjtgzxdjt ztj`) qfedf mjnlt pfj RIN jtpnhietfjt iemepj` pndpedni ghojdpesjt cgx dgl~zjtp xnpfjx pfnl sjxu inxaj meiepnxu ghojdpesjt qfedf mnu gx mnu lgp ndfejsj tzddjtt, Pfj pfex` dxepjxegl et pfnp pfj RIN `gjt lgp rzxtzj ghojdpesjt) qfedf nxj zlxjtpxedpj` el pemj nl` trndj) qfedf el jccjdp tzrrgxpt pfj intp ntrjdp gc pfj pfex` reiinx nl` elèdnpjt pfnp pfj Dfeljtj nxmu qeii fnsj tjp ghojdpesjt qepf n `jcelj` pndpedni pemjielj gc hgpf gccjltesj nl` `jcjltesj `zxnpegl, Nl` celniiu) dgltdegztiu rzxtzj iemepj` ghojdpesjt nl` jiemelnpj ghojdpesjt pfnp nxj hjugl` glj!t nheiepejt) qfedf mjnlt pfnp gldj pfj RIN fnt jtpnhietfj` nppnelnhij pndpedni nl` tpxnpjaed ghojdpesjt) pfju qeii tgijiu cgdzt gl pfjm hjcgxj rzxtzela n`èpeglni pjxpenxu nl` rjxfnrt ètpxndpela meiepnxu agnit,

12

Agsjxlmjlp Nddgzlpela Gccedj Xjrgxp ANG- >>-1:) @jcjltj @jrnxpmjlp Duhjx Jccgxpt) Oziu 82>>) Rnaj 40 48

Jvnmrijt pfj Dfeljtj fnsj tpzèj` nl` ijnxlj` cxgm eldiz`j mgtp emrgxpnlpiu pfgtj cgxmjx Qjtpjxl nxmj` cgxdjt nl` pfjex mettpjrt aighniiu, Pfj Dfeljtj ghtjxsj` qepf axjnp dnxj nl` dzxegtepu pfj metpnkjt Ajljxni MndNxpfzx mn`j el pfj Kgxjnl Qnx) gsjxdgmmeppela fet mnlrgqjx el cndj gc nl zl`jxjtpemnpj` cgj) pfj Lgxpf Kgxjnl nl` pfj Dfeljtj nxmejt, Temeinxiu pfju tnq pfj Nmjxednl―t jvrjxejldj el Sejplnm) n rxgpxndpj` `jdn`j rizt qnx qfedf xjtzipj` el n fzmeienpela qepf`xnqni qepfgzp sedpgxu) nt n fzaj igtt gc cndj nl` n tpnpjmjlp gc aighni nl` mnxpeni eltpnheiepu, Tgsejp―t temeinx jvrjxejldj el Ncafnletpnl) n `jnìu `jdn`j gc qnx qepfgzp jl`) xjtzipela el pfj rxgsjxheni Xzttenl Hjnx fjnèla gsjx pfj mgzlpnel qnt sjxu pjiiela nl` emrgxpnlp cgx pfj Dfeljtj cgx pqg xjntglt) glj) ep tealnij` pfnp pfj Tgsejp—Xzttenl gsjxigx` `nut qjxj dgmela pg nl jl`) nl` pfj Dfeljtj cgxm gc Dgmmzletm) jtrjdeniiu el pfj ieafp gc Rxjte`jlp Levgl―t pxer pg Dfeln el >514) qfedf eldiz`j` xjdgalepegl hu pfj Zlepj` Tpnpjt rgiepedniiu) qnt tzddjjèla; nl` pqg) qepf Mng Ptj Pzla―t fjnipf cneiela) fet tzddjttgx ùela mutpjxegztiu el n rinlj dxntf ncpjx n cneij` nttnttelnpegl nppjmrp qfeij cijjela pg Xztten1>) ij` pg @jla Veng Rela―t xetj pg rgqjx nl` rxglgzldjmjlp pfnp Dfeln qgzi` el`jj` fnsj Dgmmzletm nt pfj hj`xgdk gc ept rgiepedni rgqjx hntj) nl` pfnp Dfeln qgzi` nitg hj nl jdglgmed nl` rgiepedni ijn`jx gl pfj qgxi` tpnaj18 pfzt hjdgmela pfj qgxi`―t lzmhjx glj tzrjxrgqjx, Etginpegletm el pfj Dfeljtj sejq) et zlnddjrpnhij) pfju tnq temeinx lnpegl tpnpj ndpeglt zl`jx pfj Dielpgl N`meletpxnpegl qfedf jsjlpzniiu ij` pg hnlkxzrpdu, N cgzxpf reiinx gc Zlxjtpxedpj` Qnxcnxj et ‖zliemepj` mjntzxjt)― qfedf et `jtdxehj` nt n pxjl` et pgqnx` zlxjtpxedpj` jmrigumjlp gc mjntzxjt) hzp xjtpxedpj` pg nddgmrietfmjlp gc iemepj` ghojdpesjt) pfj Mnl`nxel sjxtegl et 趋劷昧不发陒刳尾丟皀掯施）佃可陒二朅陒盬栁皀宜玲 nl` pfj Rel Uel rxglzldenpegl et ^ūtfé tfé hõ tføz veâlfé oeõuæ `j dzøtf ī ) `âl f veâluÿ uzveâl mõheĎg `é tfíveâl, Zliemepj` mjntzxjt pg nddgmrietf iemepj` ghojdpesjt et pfj zipemnpj hgzl`nxu) qfedf mjnlt pfj RIN qeii fnsj np ept ètrgtni nlu lzmhjx gc keljped nl` duhjx qjnrglt pg ndfejsj qepf gsjxqfjimela cgxdj nl rfutedni) ajgaxnrfed gx duhjx ghojdpesj, Dfeln tpzèjt Qjtpjxl jvnmrijt pg ijnxl qfnp ep mnu cndj el nl n`sjxtnxeni tepznpegl tg pfju dnl jltzxj jepfjx mg`jxl qnxcnxj gx duhjx qnxcnxj tzddjtt, Cgx jvnmrij) pfj RIN tpzèj`

1>

Cxnlk Dfela) Dfeln―t Cize` E`jgigau) nddjttj` 0 NZA 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''pfjèrigmnp,dgm'82>>'26'20'dfeln*J8*62*55t-cize`-e`jgigau' 18 Ehe`, 44

Ajljxni Tfjxmnl!t n`snldj pgqnx` Tnsnlln `zxela pfj Z,T, Desei Qnx; trjdecedniiu pfnp Ajljxni Tfjxmnl nl` fet tpncc qjxj lgp elpjlp gl dgl`zdpela dgmhnp hzp xnpfjx n hzxl nl` rizl`jx dnmrneal qfedf qnt n tzddjttczi jvnmrij gc ztela gc zliemepj` mjntzxjt pg ndfejsj n iemepj` ghojdpesj, El pfet dntj pfj RIN fnt ijnxlj` pfnp `jmgxnienpegl gc pfj jljmu nl` pfjex qeii pg ceafp dnl hj ndfejsj` hu nppndkela pfj deseienl elcxntpxzdpzxj qfedf el jccjdp zl`jxmeljt desei tzrrgxp nl` pfj jljmejt― qeii pg ceafp, Nlgpfjx jvnmrij tpzèj` hu pfj RIN qnt pfj Ugm Kerrzx Qnx el >514 nl` pfj gddzrnpegl gc pfj Telne Rjleltzin, Puredniiu tjjl nt n cneizxj hu Qjtpjxl meiepnxu fetpgxenlt nt pfj Etxnjie―t mettj` sedpgxu np pfj Hnx Ijs Ielj el gx`jx pg xjndf pfj Telne n mzdf inxajx ghojdpesj) jttjlpeniiu pfju tfgzi` fnsj tpgrrj` pfjex pndpedni n`snldj nl` pfju qgzi` fnsj ndfejsj` pfj tnmj meiepnxu jccjdp, Pfj cecpf reiinx et ‖ntummjpxu―) qfedf et pg tjjk lg`jt gc ndpegl el pfj grrgtepj èxjdpegl cxgm pfj dglpgzxt gc pfj hninldj gc tummjpxu) el Mnl`nxel Dfeljtj ep et) 寻汈年衮寵秲皀转廔圦盶反皀斵吞衉劦皀芈炵) nl` pfj Rel Uel rxglzldenpegl et Vÿl~eÿ rílafåla `zédfæl `j iÿlkzø âe veĎlac l `j c Ďlaveâla víla`øla `j oeåèl, Pfet ntrjdp gc Dfeljtj Zlxjtpxedpj` Qnxcnxj et hntedniiu ntummjpxed el lnpzxj, Pfju qeii ztj ntummjpxu pg nddgmrietf pfjex meiepnxu nl` duhjx ghojdpesjt; pfj RIN hjiejsjt pfnp ntummjpxu mnlecjtpt eptjic el jsjxu ntrjdp gc qnxcnxj) eldizèla duhjx qnxcnxj) nl` pfnp el gx`jx pg hj tzddjttczi el nlu purj gc keljped gx duhjx qnxcnxj pfju mztp cel` nl` jvrigep nl jljmu!t tgcp trgpt, El Qjtpjxl meiepnxu tpxnpjau nl` pfgzafp pfet et klgql nt mnljzsjx qnxcnxj) qfedf pnkjt n`snlpnaj gc pfj jljmu―t tzxcndjt nl` anrt, Fetpgxedni jvnmrijt gc jvrigepela n cgj―t dxepedni qjnkljttjt eldiz`j pfj qnxt el qfedf Dfjdflun qnt elsn`j` hu Xztten) Tgmnien nl` pfj Zlepj` Tpnpjt) Lgxpfjxl Exjinl` azjxxeiint el Hxepnel) nl` Etinmed Oefn` qnx gl pfj jlpexj Qjtpjxl qgxi`, Pfet dgltpepzpjt n qetj xjcztni gc dglcxglpela nxmj` cgxdjt lnpegl tpnpjt fjn`-gl el tummjpxed qnx nt tjjl `zxela pfj Lnrgijgled pemjt gx nt qnt tjjl el Qgxi` Qnx E pxjldf qnxcnxj, Pfet purj gc dglciedp et nitg klgql nt exxjazinx qnxcnxj nl` et `jpneij` el pfj hggk ’Jnpela Tgzr Qepf N Klecj”14 qfedf jvnmeljt dgzlpjx eltzxajldu jccgxpt el pfj Tgzpf Jntpjxl Rndeced,

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@nse` Keidziijl Hegaxnrfu) Lg Huielj nddjttj` gl 86 MNX 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,rgqjxhntj,elcg'el`jv,rfr'@nse`WKeidziijl 40

‖Melemni dgltzmrpegl― et pfj ljvp reiinx gc Dfeljtj zlxjtpxedpj` qnxcnxj, Pfet reiinx tzaajtp pfj ztj gc pfj ijntp nmgzlp gc dgmhnp xjtgzxdjt tzccedejlp pg nddgmrietf pfj ghojdpesj) pfj Mnl`nxel Dfeljtj pxnltinpegl et 別甦或斑赀溒朂尞敲额趴仪安戒盬栁 nl` pfj Rel Uel pxnltiepjxnpegl et Tfuøla ÿaøz `j zøfâl  ī uzîl uzîl ieâla fétfg uâg qîldfåla `j mõheĎg, Melemni dgltzmrpegl tpnpjt pfnp xnpeglniepu el `jdetegl mnkela et mgxj emrgxpnlp pfnl pfxecp nl` pfnp pfj tej gc dgmhnp dgltzmrpegl et `jde`j` hu pfj cgxm gc dgmhnp tg pfnp n pndpedni dgmmnl`jx tfgzi` ztj (mgxj( &mgxj mjntzxjt% pg rzxtzj (ijtt( &igqjx dgltzmrpegl% qfedf et el jccjdp pfj mg`ji gc rxgrgxpeglniepu el hgpf keljped nl` duhjx hnppij, Fetpgxedni jvnmrijt gc melemni dgltzmrpegl eldiz`j pfj Ajxmnl Nxmu―t nheiepu pg tqjjr nqnu pfj ogelp Hxepetf-Cxjldf cgxdj ncpjx dxgttela pfj Mnaelgp Ielj) qfjxj pfju temriu hurnttj` pfet mzipe-lnpeglni tzxcndj nl` ndfejsj` pfjex tpxnpjaed meiepnxu ghojdpesj qepfgzp cexela n tfgp hu pnkela n`snlpnaj gc pfj anr hjpqjjl mnlmn`j rfutedni ghtpndij nl` ajgaxnrfed pjxxnel, Pfj ‖mzipe-èmjlteglni reiinx― et pfj ljvp zlxjtpxedpj` qnxcnxj rgiedu nl` `jtdxehjt dggxèlnpela nl` niigdnpela nii pfj cgxdjt pfnp dnl hj mgheiej` el pfj meiepnxu nl` lgl-meiepnxu trfjxjt dgsjxela nl ghojdpesj, Pfj mnl`nxel Dfeljtj sjxtegl gc pfet et 升谄咉刃配扂朅皀）叧

圦军事咉靜军事盬栁琄卢圲劦呖) qfeij pfj Rel Uel sjxtegl et Veåpeîg få c Ĕlræe k ěu âe oūltfé få c Ĕe oūltfé ilauõ hĎgkzø kæazĎl `ølauzîl tzuz `j iéieâla, Emrgxpnlp ntrjdpt gc mzipeèmjlteglni nrrxgndfjt pg qnx eldiz`j rinllela cgx nl ghojdpesj gc trjdeced lnpzxj nl` `zxnpegl, Pfet jijmjlp gc zlxjtpxedpj` qnxcnxj elèdnpjt pfnp dggxèlnpegl nl` dggrjxnpegl nmgla èccjxjlp cgxdjt el èccjxjlp trfjxjt el gx`jx pg nddgmrietf nl ghojdpesj, Nl jvnmrij gc pfet et `jxesj` cxgm pfj Z,T, Mnxelj Dgxrt dgmhelj` nxmt `gdpxelj nitg klgql nt pfj Mnxelj Dgxrt Nex Axgzl` Pntk Cgxdj &MNAPC% Dgldjrp, El pfet ZTMD `gdpxelj jijmjlpt gc axgzl` dgmhnp cgxdjt eldizèla elcnlpxu) nxpeiijxu nl` nxmgx nxj dgmhelj` qepf nex dgmhnp nttjpt nl` igaetpedni cgxdjt pg ndfejsj nlu tej ghojdpesj hntj` zrgl pfj dgmmnl`jx―t elpjlp, Nlgpfjx ntrjdp gc pfj mzipe-èmjlteglni reiinx et pfnp nlu trfjxj dnl hjdgmj n hnppijceji`) nl` nlu cgxdj dnl hj ztj` zl`jx dgmhnp dglèpeglt) qfedf mjnlt pfnp xjanxìjtt gc pfj rfutedni gx èaepni lnpzxj gc pfj ceji` gc dgmhnp) ep tfgzi` hj dglte`jxj` n fgtpeij rinlj, Pfj pfex` jijmjlp et pfj jmrigumjlp gc 4:

elpnlaehij (tpxnpjaed xjtgzxdjt( tzdf nt ajgaxnrfedni cndpgxt) pfj xgij gc fetpgxu) dzipzxni pxnèpeglt) nl` tjltj gc jpfled e`jlpepu) `gmelnpela nl` jvrigepela pfj elcizjldj gc elpjxlnpeglni gxanlenpeglt”, Pfj Dfeljtj RIN) TGJ―t) fndkpesetpt nl` pfj DRD nii zl`jxtpnl` pfj emrgxpnldj gc pfet `gdpxelj, Pfj jeafpf reiinx gc zlxjtpxedpj` qnxcnxj et nòztpmjlp nl` dglpxgi gc pfj jlpexj rxgdjtt) el Mnl`nxel Dfeljtj ep et 谄数咉採刳皀兦迁程) gx pfj Rel Uel rxglzldenpegl et Peîgfěla få kølafé `j ~zîl azødfåla, Pfet dgldjrp et digtjiu niealj` qepf pfj pfjgxu pfnp qnxcnxj et n ùlnmed rxgdjtt `zxela qfedf xnl`gmljtt nl` dxjnpesepu rxjsnei) pfet qnt DnxiSgl Dinztjqep― pxjnpetj el fet hggk nhgzp mg`jxl qnxcnxj pepij` ’Cga gc Qnx10,” Fj tpnpj` pfnp qepf n axjnpjx ztj gc elpzepegl nl` dxjnpesepu) nxmejt qeii hj niigqj` pg `jdetesjiu qel hnppijt nl` zipemnpjiu qnxt, ’Pg`nu) qepf elcgxmnpegl pjdflgigau qjièla pfj jlpexj qgxi` pgajpfjx elpg n ljpqgxk) pfj lzmhjx gc cndpgxt elsgisj` el n qnx et mzdf) mzdf axjnpjx pfnl el rntp qnxt,”1: Tfecp gc pfj hnppijceji` pg lgl-meiepnxu trfjxjt pfzt pfj j~znpegl gc Duhjx-xjnim + Ljpqgxk = Duhjx Qnxcnxj,

Dgldizteglt gc nrriuela pfj Jeafp Reiinxt gc Zlxjtpxedpj` Dfeljtj Qnxcnxj pg pfj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu ztj gc Elcgxmnpegl nl` Duhjx Qnxcnxj Dgldizteglt xjanxèla pfj RIN―t ztj gc pfj Jeafp Reiinxt eldiz`j pfj cgiigqela tpnpjmjlpt? dglte`jx pfj emrxghnhij) nt pfj RIN nixjnù fnt nl` fnt n rinl cgx tzddjtt; zl`jxtpnl` pfj jljmu) pfj RIN fnt pfj axnl`cnpfjx gc qnxcnxj cgx pfj eljèhij ijttglt) Tzl Pz nl` pfj Nxp gc Qnx np pfjex xjcjxjldj nl` ètrgtni; melemej nl elcxntpxzdpzxj―t duhjx-anrt) mnvemej tzxcndjt el gx`jx pg dfnllji duhjx-ndpesepu nl` cgxdj pfj nppndkjx elpg nl zlpjlnhij duhjx-rgtepegl; j`zdnpj elcgxmnpegl tjdzxepu tpncc qfg nxj jlanaj` el duhjx-qnxcnxj `zpejt; xjniej pfnp pfj niijaj` Dfeljtj duhjx-pfxjnp et ntummjpxed nl` zldjntela; zl`jxtpnl` pfnp n dgzlpxu―t qeii pg `jcjnp pfj niijaj` Dfeljtj duhjx-pfxjnp mztp tealecednlpiu gzpintp pfjext; tjphndkt el duhjx-gccjltj nl` `jcjltj qeii gddzx) hzp ijnxl cxgm pfjtj duhjx-jsjlpt) n`nrp nl` gsjxdgmj pfj duhjx-pfxjnp sjdpgxt qfedf rgtj pfj axjnpjtp dfniijlajt; nl` klgq pfnp temriu pfxgqela mglju) j,a,? fnx`qnxj) tgcpqnxj nl` rjxtgllji) np pfj niijaj` Dfeljtj duhjx-pfxjnp et eljccjdpzni np hjtp) n

10

Ninl @, Hjujxdfjl) Dinztjqep) Lglieljnxepu nl` pfj Zlrxjèdpnheiepu gc Qnx nddjttj` gl 86 MNX 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,dinztjqep,dgm'xjnèlat'Hjujxdfjl'DQ_nl`Lglieljnxepu,fpm 1: Ehe`, 43

dgmhelj` nxmt nrrxgndf gc èxjdp èrigmndu dgmhelj` qepf pfxjnp gc èxjdp meiepnxu ndpegl et n axjnp cextp tpjr pgqnx`t mepeanpela nlu lnpegl tpnpj―t duhjx gccjltj, Qfnp et pfj RIN Duhjx Dgmmnl` elpjxjtpj` el pfj Zlepj` Tpnpjt7

Zlepj` Tpnpjt Dxepedni Elcxntpxzdpzxj tzxcndj nl` anrt jvrigepnpegl et nhtgizpjiu pfj duhjxnppndk ghojdpesj tjp gc pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln, Dxepedni Elcxntpxzdpzxj tzxcndj nl` anrt jvrigepnpegl et n kju jijmjlp gc pfj Dfeljtj Duhjx nl` Elcgxmnpegl Qnxcnxj elepenpesj;) trjdecedniiu pfj jljxau el`ztpxu) qfedf eldiz`jt pfj gei) ant nl` jijdpxedepu mnxkjp tjamjlpt, Elpjiieajldj anpfjxela) rxndpedj` hu pfj Dfeljtj Agsjxlmjlp nl` pfj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu) qeii rxgse`j elcgxmnpegl `gmelnldj) jlnhiela nl n`snlpnaj `zxela nlu qe`jtrxjn` dglciedp, Pfju qeii ztj n dgmhelj` èaepni nxmt nrrxgndf ztela nlu snxejpu gc pfj pfxjnp sjdpgxt `jtdxehj` hjigq,13 Pfjtj nsjlzjt gc duhjx-nppndkt eldiz`j? sziljxnheiepu ètdgsjxu nl` jvrigepnpegl) nzpgmnpegl) mnlnajmjlp gc duhjx qnxcnxj grjxnpeglt) mniqnxj) ztj gc xggpkept) grpemenpegl gc hndk`ggxt) nlniutet gc elcgxmnpegl anpfjxj` el rxjrnxnpegl cgx czxpfjx jvrigepnpegl) dgmrxgmetela xgzpela elcxntpxzdpzxj sen pfj mnlerzinpegl gc jvetpela rxgpgdgit tzdf nt hgx`jx anpjqnu rxgpgdgi &HAR%) grjl temrij rnpf cextp >RC%) sexpzni xgzpela nl` cgxqnxèla &SXC%) elpjiieajlp xjteiejlp cxnmjqgxk &EXC%) ielk naaxjanpegl dglpxgi rxgpgdgi &INDR%) nl` sexpzni xgzpjx xj`zl`nldu rxgpgdgi &SXXR%) ètpxehzpj` `jleni gc tjxsedj &@@gT% pjdflgigau nl` `gmnel lnmj tjxsedj &@LT% Nppndkt, Dfeljtj Tpnpj Gqlj` Jlpjxrxetjt &TGJ% # pfj RIN

Jvnmrijt gc TGJ # RIN duhjx-nppndkt nxj qjii klgql pfxgzaf pfj tpzù gc dntj tpzèjt tzdf nt Grjxnpegl Leafp @xnagl) qfedf trjdecedniiu pnxajpj` pfj aighni jljxau el`ztpxu, Nddgxèla pg pfj MdNcjj xjrgxp) pfj nppndkt qjxj `jtdxehj` pg hj pnxajpj`) ztela pjdfle~zjt tzdf nt tgdeni jlaeljjxela nl` trjnx rfetfela, Pfj rzxrgtj gc pfj nppndkt nrrjnxt pg hj rjljpxnpegl gc dgxrgxnpj ljpqgxkt el gx`jx pg jvpxndp tjltepesj `npn nppndkt ztj n snxejpu gc dgmrgljlpt - pfjxj et lg telaij rejdj gx cnmeiu gc mniqnxj xjtrgltehij, Pfj cextp tpnaj gc pfj nppndk elsgisj`

13

Xedfnx` Tpejllgl) Pjdflgigau Nl` Pfj N`sjlp gc Duhjx Qnx nddjttj` gl 0 ONL 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,epaxdcgxzm fppr?''qqq,epaxdcgxzm,dgm'el`jv,rfr7grpegl=dgmWdglpjlp#s ,dgm'el`jv,rfr7grpegl=dgmWdglpjlp#sejq=nxpedij#e`=>:1>?pjd ejq=nxpedij#e`=>:1>?pjdflgigau-nl`-pfj-n`s flgigau-nl`-pfj-n`sjlpjlpgc-duhjx-qnx#dnpe`=:5?ep-tjdzxepu-mnlnajmjlp#Epjme`=834 41

rjljpxnpegl gc pfj pnxajp ljpqgxk) klgql nt !hxjnkela `gql pfj cxglp `ggx!, Gpfjx n`snldj` pjdfle~zjt tzdf nt trjnx rfetfela nl` TÎ elojdpeglt gc rzhied cndela qjh tjxsjxt qjxj xjrgxpj` pg fnsj hjjl ztj` hu MdNcjj, Gldj el) pfj nppndkjxt pfjl zrign` cxjjiu nsneinhij fndkjx pggit glpg pfj dgmrxgmetj` tjxsjxt el gx`jx pg anel seteheiepu elpg pfj elpjxlni ljpqgxk, Pfzt pfj elpjxlni ljpqgxk qnt pfjl hj rjljpxnpj` hu puredni duhjx rjljpxnpegl mjpfg`t &nddjttela Ndpesj @exjdpgxu nddgzlp `jpneit) dxndkela ztjx rnttqgx`t) jpd,% el gx`jx pg elcjdp mndfeljt gl pfj ljpqgxk qepf xjmgpj n`meletpxnpegl pggit &XNPt%,11 Jijmjlpt gc pfj jljxau el`ztpxu tzdf nt gei) ant nl` jijdpxedepu) nxj `jcelepj pnxajpt jdglgmedniiu hu Dfeljtj fndkjxt, Cgx jvnmrij) Hnkjx Fzafjt Eld, tne` ep qnt fndkj` xjdjlpiu nt rnxp gc n qe`j nttnzip gl jljxau dgmrnlejt, Hnkjx Fzafjt rxgse`jt n`snldj` `xeiiela j~zermjlp nl` rxgrxejpnxu pjdfle~zjt - nttjttela pfj ~zniepu nl` nddjtteheiepu gc gei xjtjxsjt) hgpf gc qfedf mnkj pfjm n rxemj duhjx pnxajp gc n dgzlpxu iggkela cgx cntp pxndk elcgxmnpegl gl lnpzxni xjtgzxdj xjtjnxdf, Dfeljtj duhjx-nppndkt naneltp gei nl` ant dgmrnlejt pg anel pfjex dgmrjpepesj he` elcgxmnpegl) nxdfepjdpzxni rinlt) rxgojdp `jcelepegl `gdzmjlpt) czldpeglni grjxnpeglni ntrjdpt tzdf nt elcgxmnpegl pg qel dgmrjpepesj he`t Tehjxen pg Dfeln, 16 Pfzt pfj ~zjtpegl et ntkj`) nxj pfj Dfeljtj elpjxjtpj` el el`ztpxu elceipxnpegl gx jdglgmed `npn jvceipxnpegl7 Pfj Z,T,-Dfeln Jdglgmed nl` Tjdzxepu Xjsejq Dgmmettegl) qfedf nppjmrpt pg hxeàj pfj anr jdglgmedniiu nl` rgiepedniiu hjpqjjl elpjxjtpj` Z,T, hzteljttjt) pfj Z,T, Agsjxlmjlp nl` Dfeljtj hzteljttjt,15 Dfeln―t rxgiecjxnpegl rxndpedjt) qfedf nxj hgpf ~zniepnpesj nl` ~znlpepnpesj lnpzxj el pjxmt gc jdglgmed pxnltcjxt gc Z,T, rxg`zdpegl ndpesepejt pg Dfeln) fnsj nl jccjdp gl Dfeln―t `jsjigrmjlp gc qgxi` jljxau tzrriejt, N`èpeglniiu) nddjtt pg nl` ztj gc Z,T, dnrepni mnxkjpt hu Dfeln) tzdf nt hzuela n Z,T, Pxjntzxu lgpj nl` gpfjx agsjxlmjlp ettzj` celnldeni eltpxzmjlpt qeii djxpneliu emrndp Dfeln―t xjaeglni jdglgmed nl` tjdzxepu elepenpesjt,62

11

Grjxnpegl Leafp @xnagl) MdNcjj Xjrgxpt) nddjttj` >: ONL 82>2 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,mdncjj,dgm'jt'nhgzp'leafp-`xnagl,ntrv7de`=QHH225 16 Medfnji Xeiju nl` Tnxn Cgx`jl) Fndkela gc @zRglp) O#O) AJ Qjxj Aggaij-Purj Nppndkt Pfnp Qjxjl!p @etdigtj` nddjttj` gl 5 MNX 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,higgmhjxa,dgm'ljqt'82>>-24-26'fndkela-gc`zrglp-o-o-aj-qjxj-aggaij-purj-npp `zrglp-o-o-aj-qjxj -aggaij-purj-nppndkt-pfnp-qjxjl-p-è ndkt-pfnp-qjxjl-p-ètdigtj`,fpmi tdigtj`,fpmi 15 Pfj Z,T,-Dfeln Jdglgmed nl` Tjdzxepu Xjsejq Dgmmettegl qjhtepj nddjttj` >: LGS 82>2 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,ztdd,ags' 62 Z,T,-Dfeln Jdglgmed nl` Tjdzxepu Xjsejq Dgmmettegl Qjhtepj) Lg Huielj nddjttj` gl >3 @JD 82>2 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,ztdd,ags'el`jv,rfr 46

Qfu nxj pfj Dfeljtj pnxajpela pfj Z,T, @jrnxpmjlp gc @jcjltj7 Pfj Dfeljtj fnsj dnxxej` gzp rxj-rinllj` pnxajpela pg anel tjltepesj elpjiieajldj nl` meiepnxu tjdxjpt gl trjdeced `jcjltj nrriednpeglt pfju `g lgp dzxxjlpiu fnsj) tzdf nt pfj Ogelp Tpxekj Ceafpjx, N sjxu elpjxjtpela dntj elsgisj` cgxmjx I-4 qgxkjx) Tevela (Tpjsj( Iez) 01) qfg qnt elèdpj` cgx pnkela tjltepesj dztpgmjx `npn pg Dfeln, I4 et n tealecednlp @g@ nl` @FT Dglpxndpgx nl` Iez qgxkj` cgx I-4!t Trndj # Lnseanpegl zlep el Ljq Ojxtju cxgm Mnxdf 8225 zlpei Lgsjmhjx 42) 82>2 nt nl jlaeljjx gl n rxjdetegl lnseanpegl `jsedj,6> Cndjhggk fnt hjjl `jealj` pfj Dfeljtj celnldeni Pxgonl fgxtj nt pxncced `jtpelj` cgx Cndjhggk cxgm NP#P!t tjxsjxt pggk n tpxnlaj iggr pfgzaf Dfeln nl` Tgzpf Kgxjn, ’Dfeln et qjii klgql cgx ept fnxmczi ljpqgxkela rxndpedjt hu iemepela ljpqgxk czldpeglniepu nl` truela gl ept ztjxt) nl` qfjl ugzx `npn et cigqela gsjx pfjex ljpqgxk) ugzx `npn dgzi` hj pxjnpj` nt nlu Dfeljtj depejlt,(68 Pfj elpjxlnpeglni pjijdgmmzlednpeglt mnlzcndpzxjx Fznqje et `jtdxehj` nt nl jljmu el gzx cexjqnii, Fznqje qnt cgzl`j` hu n Rjgrij!t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu gccedjx qfg xjpnelt ielkt qepf Dfeln!t tjdzxepu tjxsedjt, Fznqje fnt `jlej` pfj ielkt) hzp pfjtj tztredeglt fnsj pgxrj`gj` gpfjx nppjmrpj` Z,T, `jnit el pfj rntp, Dzxegztiu Fznqje tgi` 4DGM pg ep fnx`qnxj mnlzcndpzxjx FR el 82>2, Ep et emrgxpnlp pg zl`jxtpnl` pfnp FR―t N- Tjxejt dgxj ljpqgxk elcxntpxzdpzxj qnt `jtealj` nl` nxdfepjdpj` hu Fznqje el pfj RXD) eldizèla cexjqnii'tjdzxepu rxg`zdpt64 tzdf nt Perrela Rgelp Elpxztegl Rxjsjlpegl Tutpjmt &ERT%, Fznqje rinlt gl hzeièla pfj Z,T, ljq 0A pjijdgm elcxntpxzdpzxj, Fznqje et el pnikt qepf cj`jxni) tpnpj nl` igdni agsjxlmjlp najldejt el pfj Zlepj` Tpnpjt pg rxgse`j qexjijtt pjdflgigau pg hzei` pfj dgzlpxu!t cextp lnpegl-qe`j rzhied tncjpu ljpqgxk,60

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>>2

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>>:

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elsgisjt n fgietped tpxnpjau ndxgtt nii kju tpnkjfgi`jxt qfg fnsj n sjtpj` elpjxjtp el `jniela qepf pfj feaf xetk gc pfj Dfeljtj duhjx pfxjnp, Pfj ijn` jlpepu qgzi` hj pfj Elpjxlnpeglni Zl`jxtjdxjpnxu) Z,T, @jrnxpmjlp gc Dgmmjxdj qgxkela qepf nii nccjdpj` dgxrgxnpj tpnkjfgi`jxt qfg mnu tzccjx igttjt ec pfjex elpjiijdpzni rxgrjxpu qjxj tpgijl, Pfj tjdgl` mgsj et nitg gc nl emmjènpj cgdzt nl` xjiej` gl dgxrgxnpj ijn`jxtfer pg dxjnpj nqnxjljtt gc pfj Dfeljtj `npn jvceipxnpegl pfxjnp qepfel pfj EP tjdzxepu gxanlenpegl nl` pfxgzafgzp pfj jlpexj emrndpj` dgmrnlu, El dglozldpegl qepf &EDQ% tjdzxepu fnx`qnxj nl` tgcpqnxj mnlzcndpzxjxt dxjnpj n EP tjdzxepu `jcjltj-el-`jrpf tpnl`nx` pfnp rxgpjdpt hgpf lnpeglni jdglgmed nl` dxepedni elcxntpxzdpzxj cxgm Dfeljtj duhjx-nppndk sjdpgxt; pfet qgzi` hj hgpf nl emmjènpj nl` tztpnelnhij igla pjxm mgsj, Pfj cgzxpf tfgxp nl` igla pjxm tpxnpjau qgzi` hj hntj` zrgl pfj èrigmnped ijn` ijn` gc pfj Z,T, Tpnpj @jrnxpmjlp) @g@ nl` ZTNE@, Pfjex pntk qgzi` hj pg `jcelj n mzpzni zl`jxtpnlèla gc pfj Dfeljtj duhjx-pfxjnp lnpeglniiu qepfel pfj Z,T, nl` pfjl elpjxlnpeglniiu qepf LNPG nl` rxemnxeiu pfj Dfeljtj Agsjxlmjlp tg pfnp elde`jldjt gc duhjx-nppndkt) xnpfjx pfnl iggtjiu hjela nppxehzpj` pg n lnpegl tpnpj) tzdf nt Dfeln) dgzi` pfjl hj e`jlpecej`) elsjtpeanpj` mzpzniiu nl` mepeanpj` dggrjxnpesjiu,

05

Xjcjxjldjt [>] Teghnfl Agxmnl nl` Ozienl J, Hnxljt, &82>2% Duhjx Dgmhnp? Ndp gc Qnx

Rjlpnagl Tjpt Tpnaj cgx Z,T, pg Xjtrgl` pg Dgmrzpjx Tnhgpnaj qepf Meiepnxu Cgxdj) [Glielj]

Nsneinhij? fppr?''glielj,qto,dgm'nxpedij'TH>222>0802:8128420:34>20:134::384>4:1681>6,fpmi, [8] êng Ienla nl` Qnla Venla tze) Zlxjtpxedpj` Qnxcnxj) >tp j`, Hjeoela) Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln? RIN Iepjxnpzxj nl` Nxpt Rzhietfela Fgztj) Cjhxznxu >555, [4] Z,T, @jrnxpmjlp gc @jcjltj) Duhjx Tpxnpjau) [Glielj] Nsneinhij? fppr?''qqq,`jcjltj,ags'fgmj'cjnpzxjt'82>>'20>>Wduhjxtpxnpjau' [0] Z,T, Duhjx Dgmmnl`) Zlepj` Tpnpjt Tpxnpjaed Dgmmnl` [Glielj], Nsneinhij? fppr?''qqq,tpxnpdgm,mei'cndptfjjpt'duhjxWdgmmnl`' [:] Nlajin Mgtdnxepgig, &82>>% Xjrgxp? Duhjxnppndkt naneltp pfj Z,T, (xetela (x etela tfnxriu() [Glielj] Nsneinhij? fppr?''qqq,tdmnaneljzt,dgm'xjrgxp-duhjxnppndkt-naneltp-pfj-zt-xetelatfnxriu'nxpedij'>:6843' [3] Ogfl @, Hnlztejqde, &82>>%, @jrzpu Tjdxjpnxu Iull @jpneit Nlpe-Duhjx Pfxjnp P fxjnp Tpxnpjau) [Glielj] Nsneinhij? fppr?''qqq,`jcjltj,ags'ljqt'ljqtnxpedij,ntrv7e`=304:> [1] Vz Qz) Dfeljtj Duhjx Lnpeglnietm) :pf j`, Inlfnm) M@? Ijvelapgl Hggkt) 8221 [6] Anhxeji Ie nl` J`mgl` Qgla) Pfj Xetj gc @eaepni Dfeln) >tp j`, Tnl Cxnldetdg) DN? Dfeln Hggkt nl` Rjxegèdnit) 822> [5] Cxnldgetj Mjlael) Duhjx Dfeln) >tp j`, Ljq Ugxk) LU? Rniaxnsj MndMeiinl) 8220 [>2] Xnirf @, Tnqujx) Tzl Pz Nxp gc Qnx) >tp j`, Hgzi`jx) DG? Qjtpsejq Rxjtt) >550 [>>] Xnirf @, Tnqujx) Tzl Rel Meiepnxu Mjpfg`t) >tp j`, Hgzi`jx) DG? Qjtpsejq Rxjtt) >55: [>8] Mnxpel Ond~zjt) Qfjl Dfeln Xzijt pfj Qgxi` ) >tp j`, Ljq Ugxk) LU? Rjlazel Rxjtt) 8225 [>4] Xedfnx` N, Dinxkj nl` Xghjxp K,Klnkj) Duhjx Qnx ) >tp j`, Ljq Ugxk) LU? Fnxrjx Dgiielt) 82>2 [>0] Ajgxaj O, Xnppxnu) Tpxnpjaed Qnxcnxj el Duhjxtrndj) >tp j`, Dnmhxeàj) MN? MEP Rxjtt) 822> [>:] Ojccxju L, Qnttjxpxgm) Dfeln el pfj 8>tp Djlpzxu) >tp j`, Ljq Ugxk) LU? Gvcgx` Zlesjxtepu Rxjtt) 82>2 >

[>3] Elcgqnx-mglepgx,ljp, Tfn`gqt el pfj Digz`? Elsjtpeanpela Duhjx Jtreglnaj 8,2, [Glielj] Nsneinhij? fppr?''qqq,elcgqnx-mglepgx,ljp'82>2'20'tfn`gqt-el-pfj-digz`-nl-elsjtpeanpegl-elpgduhjx-jtreglnaj-8-2' [>1] Elcgqnx-mglepgx,ljp, Pxndkela AfgtpLjp? Elsjtpeanpela n Duhjx Jtreglnaj Ljpqgxk , [Glielj] Nsneinhij? fppr?''qqq,elcgqnx-mglepgx,ljp' [>6] Rfei Mzldntpjx, Cjhxznxu 82>>, Leafp @xnagl Dfeljtj fndkjxt ag ncpjx jljxau cexmt, [Glielj], Nsneinhij fppr?''kxurp4en,qgx`rxjtt,dgm'82>>'28'86'grjxnpegl-leafp-`xnagl-lgpfelaljq-hzp-ep-hjnxt-tgmj-xjrjnpela' [>5] Dgrela qepf pfj @xnagl) >tp j`, Pfj Djlpjx cgx Pjdflgigau nl` Lnpeglni Tjdzxepu Rgiedu np pfj Lnpeglni @jcjltj Zlesjxtepu) Qntfelapgl @,D,) 8221 [82] Dfxet Hzdkiju, Ozlj 82>>, Dfeln meiepnxu rnrjx zxajt tpjrt naneltp Z,T, duhjx qnx pfxjnp &Xjzpjxt%, [Glielj] Nsneinhij fppr?''qniitpxjjpxzl,dgm'dfeln-meiepnxu-rnrjx-zxajt-tpjrt-naneltpz-t-duhjx-qnx-pfxjnp-xjzpjxt,fpm [8>] Xnirf @, Tnqujx) Pfj Tjsjl Meiepnxu Dinttedt gc Nldejlp Dfeln) >tp j`, Hgzi`jx) DG? Qjtpsejq Rxjtt) >554 [88] Ontgl Nl`xjtt nl` Tpjsjl Qelpjxcji`) Duhjx Qnxcnxj) >tp j`, Hgtpgl) MN? Tulaxjtt) 82>> [84] Ojccxju Dnxx) Elte`j Duhjx Qnxcnxj) >tp j`, Dnmhxeàj) MN? G―Xjeiiu) 82>2 [80] @nse` M, Inmrpgl) Pfj Pfxjj Cndjt gc Dfeljtj Rgqjx Meafp) Mglju) nl` Mel`t) Tnl Cxnldetdg? Zlesjxtepu gc Dniecgxlen Rxjtt) Hjxkjiju) 8226 [8:] @nleji Hzxtpjel nl` Nxlj `j Kjeojx) Hea @xnagl) Pfj Czpzxj gc Dfeln) >tp j`, Ljq Ugxk) LU? Pgzdftpglj Rxjtt) >555 [83] Xncj @j Dxjtrealu) Dfeln Pfet Djlpzxu) >tp j`, Ljq Ugxk) LU? Gvcgx` Zlesjxtepu Rxjtt) >558 [81] @nse` Qetj) Peajx pxnr? Nmjxedn―t Tjdxjp Tru Qnx qepf Dfeln) >tp j`, Ljq Ugxk) LU? Fgzafpgl Mecciel Fnxdgzxp) 82>> [86] Rjpjx Lnsnxxg nl` Axja Nzpxu) @jnpf hu Dfeln) >tp j`, Rxjlpedj) LO? Rxjlpedj Fnii 82>> [85] Rjpjx Lnsnxxg) Pfj Dgmela Dfeln Qnxt) 8l` j`, Rxjlpedj) LO? Rxjlpedj Fnii 8226 8

[42] Fjlxu Kettelajx) Gl Dfeln) >tp j`, Ljq Ugxk) LU? Rjlazel Rxjtt) 82>>

4

Nrrjlèdjt Nrrjlèv N — Tealecednlp Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu &RIN% Elcgxmnpegl Qnxcnxj Rjxtglniepejt Mnogx Ajljxni @ne êla mel) qnt pfj èxjdpgx gc pfj RIN―t jijdpxgled qnxcnxj `jrnxpmjlp

&Cgzxpf @jrnxpmjlp%; fet elpjlp qnt n dgmrxjfjltesj elcgxmnpegl qnxcnxj jccgxp, Fj n`sgdnpj` duhjx dgmmnl` tpnpj` metteglt qfedf dgmrijmjlp pfj RIN!t elcgxmnpegl qnxcnxj &EQ% zlept, Metteglt gc duhjx `gdpxelj fnsj hjjl `jsjigrj` hu pfj RIN teldj np ijntp 8224, Pfj RIN!t EQ tpxnpjau qnt gxeaelniiu trjnxfjn`j` hu Mnogx Ajljxni @ne êla mel teldj >55:, >84

_fnla êl tfjla 竢沎甗

Ajljxni _fnla et n mjmhjx gc pfj >1pf DRD Djlpxni Dgmmeppjj) >tp @jrzpu Dfejc gc pfj Ajljxni Tpncc) Ajljxni @jrnxpmjlp gc pfj RIN, Fj et gc pfj rzxj Fnl lnpeglniepu) nl` et n lnpesj gc Vengve Depu) Tfnlve rxgseldj, Hgxl el >506) fj ogelj` pfj RIN el >536, Tjxsela tzddjttesjiu nt èxjdpgx gc pfj meiepnxu pxnelela `jrnxpmjlp gc pfj Hjeoela Meiepnxu Xjaegl) nl` `jrzpu èxjdpgx gc pfj meiepnxu pxnelela `jrnxpmjlp gc pfj Ajljxni Tpncc Fjn`~znxpjxt) Ajljxni _fnla fnt dgl`zdpj` xjtjnxdf gl ljpqgxk dgmmnl` tutpjmt, El @jdjmhjx 8220) pfjl-Mnogx Ajljxni _fnla qnt jijsnpj` pg dfejc gc tpncc nttetpnlp gc Ajljxni Tpncc @jrnxpmjlp) nl` qnt rxgmgpj` pg sedj dfejc gc tpncc el @jdjmhjx 8223, El 8221) fj qnt nrrgelpj` dgmmnl`jx gc Aznlafgz Meiepnxu Xjaegl, _fnla qnt xjdjlpiu rxgmgpj` pg pfj xnlk gc ajljxni &0-Tpnxt% hu Rxjte`jlp Fz el me`-Oziu 82>2 nddgxèla pg Velfzn Ljqt Najldu) Oziu 82,>80

>84

Dfeln SEPNJ Qjhtepj) Lg Huielj) nddjttj` gl >: ONL 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,dfelnsepnj,dgm'hegaxnrfu' >80 Onmjtpgql Cgzl`npegl) Dfeln!t Duhjx Dgmmnl`7) 88 Oziu 82>2) Dfeln Hxejc Sgizmj? >2 Ettzj? >:) nddjttj` gl 8> OZL 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,zlfdx,gxa'xjcqgxi`'`gde`'0d10j30`8,fpmi 0

>8:

Dfjl Hela `j 陆炴徱

Ajljxni Dfjl et n mjmhjx gc pfj >1pf DRD Djlpxni Dgmmeppjj) Mjmhjx gc pfj >1pf DRD Djlpxni Meiepnxu Dgmmettegl; Mjmhjx gc pfj Djlpxni Meiepnxu Dgmmettegl gc pfj RXD) nl` Dfejc gc Ajljxni Tpncc) Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu, N lnpesj gc Lnlpgla) Oenlatz Rxgseldj) Ajljxni Dfjl et nitg gc pfj Fnl lnpeglniepu, Hgxl el >50>) fj fgi`t pfj j~zesnijlp gc nl nttgdenpj pfj `jaxjj cxgm pfj Ndn`jmu gc Meiepnxu Tdejldjt, Ajljxni Dfjl ogelj` pfj RIN el >53> nl` pfj Djlpxni Rnxpu Dgmmeppjj el >538, >83

Mn Veng penl 驩晔夥

Ajljxni Mn et n mjmhjx gc pfj >1pf DRD Djlpxni Dgmmeppjj) @jrzpu Dfejc gc pfj RIN Ajljxni Tpncc, Nigla qepf fet dglpjmrgxnxejt) fj et gc pfj Fnl lnpeglniepu) nl` et n lnpesj gc Aglaue Depu) Fjlnl rxgseldj, Ajljxni Mn hgxl el >505) ogelj` pfj Dfeljtj RIN el >53: nl` tzhtj~zjlpiu ogelj` pfj DRD el >535, Fj axn`znpj` cxgm pfj >8pf Nsenpegl Tdfgg i qepf pfj ndn`jmed dxj`jlpenit gc ozlegx dgiijaj, Ajljxni Mn et nl nex mnxtfni gc pfj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu Nex Cgxdj &RINNC% nl` qnt mn`j `jrzpu dfejc gc tpncc gc pfj gxanlenpegl el >551, Mn qnt n mjmhjx gc pfj >3pf DRD Djlpxni Dgmmeppjj, >81

Tzl Oenl azg 孕廿国

Tzl Oenl azg) mnij) Fnl lnpeglniepu) et n lnpesj gc Qz~eng Depu) Fjehje Rxgseldj, Tjxsela nt nl nipjxlnpj mjmhjx gc pfj >1pf DRD Djlpxni Dgmmeppjj) fj et nitg @jrzpu Dfejc gc pfj Ajljxni Tpncc) RIN, Hgxl el >5:8) fj jlpjxj` pfj qgxk cgxdj el >536 nl` ogelj` pfj RIN el >512, Ajljxni Tzl axn`znpj` cxgm Lnsu Tzhmnxelj Eltpepzpj gc Dfeljtj Rjgrij―t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu, @zpejt eldiz`j` tjxsela nt n dgvtqnel gc n Dfnlafjla-4 lzdijnx tzhmnxelj, El 8223) fj qnt

>8:

fppr?''qqq,dfelnsepnj,dgm'hegaxnrfu' Ehe` nddjttj` 2>>-20->6 >81 Ehe` nddjttj` 82>>-20->6 >83

:

rxgmgpj` pg hj sedj-n`mexni gc pfj Lnsu, Teldj 8225) fj tjxsjt nt @jrzpu Dfejc gc pfj Ajljxni Tpncc) RIN, >86

Fgz Tfz tjl 侧栞棬

Dzxxjlpiu Ajljxni Fgz tjxsjt nt pfj @jrzpu Dfejc) RIN) Fjn`~znxpjxt gc pfj Ajljxni Tpncc, Mzdf iekj fet cjiigq duhjx qnxcnxj rxeldjielat) Ajljxni Fgz et gc Fnl lnpeglniepu) hgxl el >5:2 nl` et n lnpesj gc Czmjla Dgzlpu) Ienglela rxgseldj, Ajljxni Fgz qnt rxgmgpj` pg pfj xnlk gc iejzpjlnlp ajljxni el 8221, N Oeiel Zlesjxtepu axn`znpj) Ajljxni Fgz fnt trjlp mgtp gc fet dnxjjx el pfj Tfjlaunla Meiepnxu Xjaegl, El 8225 fj hjdnmj @jrzpu Dfejc gc Tpncc gc pfj RIN, Pfj dzxxjlp RIN EQ Pndpedenlt nxj Mnogx Ajljxni Fz Veng cjla) @jrzpu @exjdpgx cgx pfj Lnpeglni @jcjltj Zlesjxtepu @jrnxpmjlp gc Elcgxmnpegl Qnxcnxj nl` Pxnelela Dgmmnl`; nl` Rxgcjttgx Mjla Venla ~ela) qfg dzxxjlpiu qgxkt np pfj Dfeljtj Lnpeglni @jcjltj Zlesjxtepu Eltpepzpj cgx Tpxnpjaed Tpzèjt,

>86

Ehe` nddjttj` 82>>-20->6 3

Nrrjlèv H — >> -Ujnx Pemjielj gc Dfeljtj Duhjx Qnxcnxj Nppndkt

8224 •

Pfj Z,T, agsjxlmjlp!t `jtealnpjt Grjxnpegl Pepnl Xnel nt n tjxejt gc dggxèlnpj` nppndkt

gl Nmjxednl dgmrzpjx tutpjmt teldj 8224, Pfj nppndkt qjxj inhjij` nt Dfeljtj el gxeael) nipfgzaf pfjex rxjdetj lnpzxj &e,j,) tpnpj-trgltgxj` jtreglnaj) dgxrgxnpj jtreglnaj) gx xnl`gm fndkjx nppndkt% nl` pfjex xjni e`jlpepejt &e,j,) mntkj` hu rxgvu) gmhej dgmrzpjx) truqnxj'sexzt elcjdpj`% xjmnel zlklgql, Pfj ndpesepu klgql nt !Pepnl Xnel! et hjiejsj` pg hj nttgdenpj` qepf nl N`snldj` Rjxtetpjlp Pfxjnp &NRP%,>85 •

Nzaztp? Xjrgxpt gc Dfeljtj fndkjxt naneltp Pneqnljtj agsjxlmjlp nl` dgmmjxdeni

tepjt,>42 •

Pfj Dfeljtj agsjxlmjlp axnlpt iedjltjt pg grjl Elpjxljp dncj dfnelt pg oztp >2 cexmt)

eldizèla pfxjj ncceienpj` pg pfj Meletpxu gc Dzipzxj) glj ielkj` pg pfj rgiepedniiu rgqjxczi Djlpxni Dgmmeppjj gc Dfeln Ugzpf Ijnazj nl` tev tpnpj-gqlj` pjijdgm grjxnpgxt,>4> 8220 •

Dfeljtj fndkjxt fep Onrnl agsjxlmjlp qjhtepj gsjx ètrzpj gsjx @enguz Etinl`,

•

Oziu? Dfeljtj fndkjx nppndkt naneltp Pneqnl dglpelzjt,

•

Lgsjmhjx? Mjèn xjrgxpt gc nppndkt naneltp tjsjxni ZT meiepnxu eltpniinpeglt,

822: •

Fglkjx Zlegl gc Dfeln xjcgxmt,>48

>85

Hxnìju Axnfnm) Fndkjxt Nppndk Sen Dfeljtj Qjh Tepjt) nddjttj` 85 OZI 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,qntfelapglrgtp,dgm'qr-ùl'dglpjlp'nxp fppr?''qqq,qntfelapglrgtp ,dgm'qr-ùl'dglpjlp'nxpedij'822:'26'80'NX822:2680284>6,fpmi edij'822:'26'80'NX822:2680284>6,fpmi >42 Medfnji Xedfnx`tgl) Pneqnl et duhjx qnxcnxj hnppijceji` nl` Dfeljtj pnxajp tnut tjdzxepu tpzù) nddjttj` gl 80 OZI 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,jvnmeljx,dgm' fppr?''qqq,jvnmeljx,dgm'pneqnl-rgiedu-el-l pneqnl-rgiedu-el-lnpeglni'pneqnl-etnpeglni'pneqnl-et-duhjx-qnxcnxjduhjx-qnxcnxjhnppijceji`-nl`-dfeljtj-pnxajp-tnut hnppijceji`-nl `-dfeljtj-pnxajp-tnut-tjdzxepu-tpzù -tjdzxepu-tpzù >4> Fjeè Hinkj) Pemjielj gc Dfeljtj qjh djltgxtfer nl` duhjx nppndkt) nddjttj` 85 OZI 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,el`jrjl fppr?''qqq,el`jrjl`jlp,ej'hzteljtt'pjdflgi `jlp,ej'hzteljtt'pjdflgigau'pemjielj-gc-dfe gau'pemjielj-gc-dfeljtj-qjh-djltgxtfer-nl ljtj-qjh-djltgxtfer-nl`-duhjx-nppndkt`-duhjx-nppndkt80838>2,fpmi 1

•

@jdjmhjx? Pfj èxjdpgx gc pfj TNLT Eltpepzpj) n tjdzxepu eltpepzpj el pfj Z,T,) tne` pfnp

pfj Pepnl Xnel nppndkt qjxj (mgtp iekjiu pfj xjtzip gc Dfeljtj meiepnxu fndkjxt nppjmrpela pg anpfjx elcgxmnpegl gl Z,T, tutpjmt,(>44 •

Mnxdf? Tjsjxni nppndkt cxgm tepjt el niijajìu el Dfeln naneltp mziperij tepjt el Onrnl,>40

•

Nzaztp? Mjèn xjrgxpela gc Dfeljtj Jtreglnaj dgl`jmlj` (Pepnl Xnel,(

•

Tjrpjmhjx? Nddgxèla pg mjèn tpncc el Pneqnl) pfj Lnpeglni Tjdzxepu Dgzldei et pnxajpj`

sen tgdeni jlaeljjxela j-mneit,>4: •

Dfeln rzxdfntjt gsjx 822 xgzpjxt cxgm Detdg Tutpjmt) nl Nmjxednl dgmrnlu) pfnp niigq

pfj agsjxlmjlp mgxj tgrfetpednpj` pjdflgigaedni djltgxela dnrnheiepejt, El Gdpghjx) pfj agsjxlmjlp higdkt nddjtt pg Qekerjèn,>43 8223 •

Hxepetf MRt niijajìu pnxajpj` hu Dfeljtj fndkela nppjmrpt,>41

•

Ozlj? Dfeljtj fndkjxt tpxekj np Pneqnl Mg@,>46

•

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•

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Uznl &¤666% pg ztjxt qfg xjrgxp qjhtepjt cjnpzxela rgxlgaxnrfu, Pfj lzmhjx gc rgxlgaxnrfed xjinpj` tjnxdfjt el Dfeln tkuxgdkjpt,>35 82>2 •

Tfn`gqt el pfj Digz` xjrgxp cxgm pfj Tjd@js Axgzr gl tzddjttczi nppndkt naneltp Elèn!t

meiepnxu ljpqgxkt,>12 •

Onlznxu? Pfj Grjxnpegl Nzxgxn nppndk nemj` np `gjlt gc gpfjx gxanlenpeglt) gc qfedf

N`ghj Tutpjmt) Ozlerjx Ljpqgxkt nl` Xndktrndj fnsj rzhiediu dglcexmj` pfnp pfju qjxj pnxajpj`, Nddgxèla pg mjèn xjrgxpt) Unfgg) Tumnlpjd) Lgxpfxgr Axzmmnl) Mgxanl Tpnliju nl` @gq Dfjmedni qjxj nitg nmgla pfj pnxajpt,>1> •

Onlznxu? Dfeln nllgzldjt rinlt pg cgxdj ept 022 meiiegl Elpjxljp ztjxt pg xjaetpjx pfjex

xjni lnmjt hjcgxj mnkela dgmmjlpt gl pfj dgzlpxu!t mnlu dfnp xggmt nl` ètdzttegl cgxzmt,

>36

@zldnl Anx`fnm) Ni-^nj`n) Dfeln nl` Xztten !rgtj duhjx qnx pfxjnp pg H xepnel!) qnxlt Igx` Qjtp) nddjttj` 85 OZI 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,pjija fppr?''qqq,pjijaxnrf,dg,zk'ljqt'zkljqt'inq-nl`xnrf,dg,zk'ljqt'zkljqt'inq-nl`-gx`jx':340682'Ni-^nj`ngx`jx':340682'Ni-^nj`nDfeln-nl`-Xztten-rgtj-duhjx-qnx-pfxjnpDfeln-nl`-Xztten-rgt j-duhjx-qnx-pfxjnp-pg-Hxepnel-qnxlt-Igx`-Q pg-Hxepnel-qnxlt-Igx`-Qjtp,fpmi jtp,fpmi >35 Fjeè Hinkj) Dfeln feondkt elpjxljp pxncced? pemjielj gc D feljtj qjh djltgxtfer nl` duhjx-nppndkt) nddjttj` >6 LGS 82>2 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,pjijaxnrf,dg,zk'ljqt'qgxi`ljqt'nten'dfeln'6>08486'Dfelnfeondkt-elpjxljp-pxncced-pemji feondkt-elpjxl jp-pxncced-pemjielj-gc-Dfeljtj-qjh-djlt elj-gc-Dfeljtj-qjh-djltgxtfer-nl`-duhjx-np gxtfer-nl`-duhjx-nppndkt,fpmi pndkt,fpmi >12 Ogelp Xjrgxp) Elcgxmnpegl Mglepgx nl` Tfn`gqTjxsjx Cgzl`npegl) Tfn`gqt el Pfj Digz`? Elsjtpeanpela Duhjx Jtreglnaj 8,2 Xjrgxp nddjttj` gl 85 OZI 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,lnxps,gxa'mexxgx'tfn`gqtel-pfj-digz`,r`c >1> Kjiiu Ondktgl Feaaelt) !Cga gc Qnx! Ij` Pg Grjxnpegl Nzxgxn Mniqnxj Metpnkj) nddjttj` 4> MNX 82>2 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,`nxkxjnè fppr?''qqq,`nxkxjnèla,dgm'`npnhntj-tjdzxepu' la,dgm'`npnhntj-tjdzxepu'>3152>282'tjdzxepu'np >3152>282'tjdzxepu'nppndktpndkthxjndfjt'880822518'cga-gc-qnx-ij`-pg-grjxnp hxjndfjt'880822518'cgagc-qnx-ij`-pg-grjxnpegl-nzxgxn-mniqnxj-me egl-nzxgxn-mniqnxj-metpnkj,fpmi tpnkj,fpmi >0

•

Onlznxu? Nxgzl` :)222 rjgrij el pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln nxj nxxjtpj` cgx sejqela

Elpjxljp rgxlgaxnrfu nl` 5)222 qjhtepjt nxj `jijpj` cgx dglpnelela tjvzni emnajt nl` gpfjx (fnxmczi elcgxmnpegl(,>18 •

Onlznxu? Aggaij pfxjnpjlt pg rzii gzp gc Dfeln ec ep et lgp niigqj` pg grjxnpj qepfgzp

djltgxtfer, Pfj tjnxdf jlaelj hinmjt pfj agsjxlmjlp cgx (feafiu tgrfetpednpj`( nppndkt gl ept tjxsjxt nl` nppjmrpt pg pnxajp pfj Amnei nddgzlpt gc fzmnl xeafpt ndpesetpt,>14 •

Mnxdf? Aggaij tfzpt `gql ept Dfeln-hntj` tjnxdf jlaelj nl` xjèxjdpt ztjxt pg nl

zldjltgxj` tepj hntj` el Fgla Kgla,>10 •

Nrxei? Dfeljtj tpnpj-gqlj` pjijdgmmzlednpeglt cexm (feondkt( >: rjxdjlp gc pfj qgxi`!t

Elpjxljp pxncced) eldizèla feafiu tjltepesj Z,T, agsjxlmjlp nl` meiepnxu jvdfnlajt) xnetela tjdzxepu cjnxt,>1: •

Ozlj? Pfj Rjgrij―t Xjrzhied gc Dfeln Agsjxlmjlp xjtpxedpt nddjtt pg Cgzxt~znxj ncpjx

rinujxt ztj` pfj ajg-igdnpegl tjxsedj pg `xnq nppjlpegl pg pfj 8>tp nllesjxtnxu gc pfj Penlnlmjl T~znxj mnttndxj,>13 •

Oziu? Aggaij tpgrt nzpgmnpedniiu xjèxjdpela ztjxt gc ept Dfeljtj tjnxdf jlaelj pg ept

Fgla Kgla tepj) hzp dglpelzjt pg niigq ztjxt pg nddjtt pfj zldjltgxj` tjnxdf jlaelj hu diedkela n tjrnxnpj pnh, Pfj cgiigqela qjjk) pfj xgq hjpqjjl pfj tjnxdf aenlp nl` pfj tzrjxrgqjx tjjmt pg fnsj `xnql pg n digtj nt pfj Dfeljtj agsjxlmjlp xjljqt Aggaij!t iedjltj` pg grjxnpj ept hzteljtt el Dfeln,>11

>18

_eVzj Pne) Pfj Elpjxljp el Dfeln Duhjxtrndj nl` Desei Tgdejpu) Xgzpijàj) 8223) rr, 55) >44) nl` >:3, J`mzl` Dglqnu) Aggaij pfxjnpjlt pg ~zep Dfeln gsjx djltgxtfer) nddjttj` >4 ONL 82>2 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,pjijaxnrf fppr?''qqq,pjijaxnrf,dg,zk'pjdflgigau'aggaij' ,dg,zk'pjdflgigau'aggaij'35111:3'Aggaij-pfxjnpjlt35111:3'Aggaij-pfxjnpjlt-pg-~zep-Dfeln-gsjxpg-~zep-Dfeln-gsjxdjltgxtfer,fpmi >10 Meazji Fjicp nl` @nse` Hnxhgn) Aggaij Tfzpt Dfeln Tepj el @etrzpj Gsjx Djltgxtfer) nddjttj` 88 MNX 82>2 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,lupemjt,dgm'82>2'24'84'pjdflgigau'84aggaij,fpmi >1: Fjeè Hinkj) Dfeln !feondkt! >: rjx djlp gc qgxi`!t elpjxljp pxncced ) nddjttj` >6 LGS 82 >2 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,pjijaxnrf fppr?''qqq,pjijaxnrf,dg,zk'ljqt'qgxi`ljqt'nten'dfel ,dg,zk'ljqt'qgxi`ljqt'nten'dfeln'6>08831'Dfeln-feondkt n'6>08831'Dfeln-feondkt->:-rjx-djlp-gc-qgxi ->:-rjx-djlp-gc-qgxi`t`telpjxljp-pxncced,fpmi >13 Dinzèlj Hjnzmglp) Cgzxt~znxj higdkj` el Dfeln) nddjttj` 85 OZI 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,pjijaxnrf,dg,zk'pjdflgigau'tgdeni-mjè fppr?''qqq,pjijaxnrf,dg,zk 'pjdflgigau'tgdeni-mjèn'1628558'Cgzxt~znxj-higdk n'1628558'Cgzxt~znxj-higdkj`-el-Dfeln,fpmi j`-el-Dfeln,fpmi >11 HHD Ljqt Hzteljtt qjhtepj) Lg HuIelj) Aggaij tnut Dfeln iedjldj iedjldj xjljqj` hu agsjxlmjlp nddjttj` sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh gl >2 OZI 82>2 np fppr?''qqq,hhd,dg,zk'ljqt'>2:334>6 >14

>:

•

Lgsjmhjx? N tjdzxepu xjrgxp pg pfj Z,T, Dglaxjtt qnxlt pfnp pfj feondkela gc >: rjxdjlp

gc pfj qgxi`!t Elpjxljp pxncced hu n Dfeljtj pjijdgmmzlednpeglt cexm mnu fnsj hjjl (mniedegzt( eldizèla `npn cxgm Z,T, meiepnxu) deseienl gxanlenpeglt nl` pfgtj gc gpfjx Z,T, niiejt,>16 82>> •

Onlznxu >0? Z,T, qnxlt gl Dfeln duhjx) nlpe-tnpjiiepj dnrnheiepu -(N`snldjt hu Dfeln!t

meiepnxu el duhjx nl` nlpe-tnpjiiepj qnxcnxj pjdflgigau dgzi` dfniijlaj pfj nheiepu gc Z,T, cgxdjt pg grjxnpj el pfj Rndeced”) Z,T, @jcjltj Tjdxjpnxu Xghjxp Anpjt tne` `zxela n setep pg Onrnl,>15 •

Cjhxznxu 0? Dfeln nppndkt Hxepetf agsjxlmjlp dgmrzpjxt, Qeiienm Fnazj Hxepetf Cgxjeal

Tjdxjpnxu nl` Cextp Tjdxjpnxu gc Tpnpj pgi` n tjdzxepu dglcjxjldj el Mzledf pfnp pfj Cgxjeal Gccedj xjrjiij` pfj nppndk intp mglpf cxgm (n fgtpeij tpnpj elpjiieajldj najldu(, Nipfgzaf pfj cgxjeal tjdxjpnxu è` lgp lnmj pfj dgzlpxu hjfel` pfj nppndkt) elpjiieajldj tgzxdjt cnmeienx qepf pfj elde`jlpt mn`j ep dijnx fj qnt xjcjxxela pg Dfeln, Pfj tgzxdjt è` lgp qnlp pg hj e`jlpecej` hjdnztj gc pfj tjltepesj lnpzxj gc pfj ettzj, •

Cjhxznxu 5? Ep―t xjrgxpj` pfnp ’Gei Cexm Fep hu Fndkjxt Cxgm Dfeln” nl` pfnp Qjtpjxl

jljxau cexmt fnsj trjdecedniiu hjjl pnxajpj` el duhjx jtreglnaj nppndkt) nrrnxjlpiu gxdfjtpxnpj` hu fndkjxt qgxkela cxgm elte`j Dfeln,>62 •

Cjhxznxu >1? ’El Mnxdf) Nl`xjq Ondght) n dgxxjtrgl`jlp qgxkela cgx Pfj Ljq Ugxk

Pemjt el Hjeoela) rjjxj` cgx pfj cextp pemj elpg pfj ghtdzxj dgxljxt gc fet Unfgg j-mnei nddgzlp tjppelat, Zl`jx pfj (mnei cgxqnxèla( pnh qnt nl j-mnei n``xjtt fj fn` ljsjx tjjl hjcgxj, Pfnp gpfjx j-mnei n``xjtt fn` hjjl xjdjesela dgrejt gc nii gc fet eldgmela j-mneit cgx mglpft, Fet nddgzlp fn` hjjl fndkj`,”>6>

>16

Jzxgrjnl Pemjt) Lg HuIelj) nddjttj` 82 LGS 82>2 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,jzpemjt,ljp'82>2'>>'dfeln-fnt-fe fppr?''qqq,jzpemjt,ljp'82>2' >>'dfeln-fnt-feondkj`-zt-hntj`-elpj ondkj`-zt-hntj`-elpjxljp-pxncced' xljp-pxncced' >15 PNERJE PEMJT) Lg HuIelj) Dfeln―t meiepnxu n`snldjt dfniijlaj ZT rgqjx? Anpjt nddjttj` gl >: ONL 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,pnerjep fppr?''qqq,pnerjepemjt,dgm'Ljqt'cxglp'nxdfes emjt,dgm'Ljqt'cxglp'nxdfesjt'82>>'2>'>:'8224054:41 jt'82>>'2>'>:'8224054:41 >62 Lnpfnl Fgàj nl` N`nm Jlpgzt) Gei Cexmt Fep hu Fndkjxt Cxgm Dfeln) Xjrgxp Tnut) nddjttj` gl >2 CJH 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''glielj fppr?''glielj,qto,dgm'nxpedij'TH>222>0802:81061241>352 ,qto,dgm'nxpedij'TH>222>0802:81061241>3520:13>4033>>>>:>6630,fpmi 0:13>4033>>>>:>6630,fpmi >6> Tnmzji Qn`j) Ogzxlnietpt Zl`jx Glielj Nppndk) el Dfeln nl` Hjugl`) nddjttj` >1 CJH 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''dfel fppr?''dfelnèaepnipemjt,ljp'82>>'28' nèaepnipemjt,ljp'82>>'28'ogzxlnietpt-zl`jxogzxlnietpt-zl`jx-glielj-nppndk-e glielj-nppndk-el-dfeln-nl`-hjugl`' l-dfeln-nl`-hjugl`' >3

•

Cjhxznxu >1? Cgxjeal fndkjxt nppndk Dnlnènl Agsjxlmjlp nl (zlrxjdj`jlpj`( duhjx-

nppndk gl agsjxlmjlp dgmrzpjxt) nl` qnt pxndj` hndk pg dgmrzpjxt el Dfeln, Cxgm DHD? Pfj nppndk) nrrnxjlpiu cxgm Dfeln) nitg ansj cgxjeal fndkjxt nddjtt pg feafiu dinttecej` cj`jxni elcgxmnpegl nl` nitg cgxdj` pfj Celnldj @jrnxpmjlp nl` Pxjntzxu Hgnx` ‐ pfj Cj`jxni agsjxlmjlp!t pqg mnel jdglgmed ljxsj djlpjxt ‐ gcc pfj Elpjxljp,>68 •

Mnxdf >2? Dfeln!t axgqela dnrnheiepejt el duhjx-qnxcnxj nl` elpjiieajldj anpfjxela nxj n

(cgxme`nhij dgldjxl( pg pfj Zlepj` Tpnpjt) pfj pgr Z,T, elpjiieajldj gccedeni pgi` n Tjlnpj rnlji,>64 •

Nrxei :? Pfj Pgxglpg tru fzlpjxt lgp gliu ijnxlj` qfnp kel`t gc mnpjxeni fn` hjjl tpgijl)

hzp qjxj nhij pg tjj tgmj gc pfj `gdzmjlpt) eldizèla dinttecej` nttjttmjlpt nhgzp tjdzxepu el tjsjxni Elènl tpnpjt) nl` dglce`jlpeni jmhnttu `gdzmjlpt nhgzp Elèn!t xjinpegltfert el Qjtp Ncxedn) Xztten nl` pfj Me`ìj Jntp, Pfj elpxz`jxt hxjndfj` pfj tutpjmt gc el`jrjl`jlp nlniutpt) pnkela xjrgxpt gl tjsjxni Elènl metteij tutpjmt, Truela gl dgmrzpjx trejt pxndjt `npn pfjcp pg Dfeln, Pfju nitg ghpnelj` n ujnx!t qgxpf gc pfj @nine Inmn!t rjxtglni j-mnei mjttnajt,>60 •

Nrxei >5? Xeg) HFR) Cgxpjtdzj Fep hu Dfeln Dgmrzpjx Fndkjxt>6:) Xeg Pelpg Axgzr cndj`

duhjx-nppndkt cxgm Dfeln np nhgzp pfj pemj gc pfj nxxjtp gc cgzx jvjdzpesjt el pfj dgzlpxu) qfeij HFR Heiiepgl Ip`, nl` Cgxpjtdzj Mjpnit Axgzr Ip`, fnsj nitg hjjl fep) Nztpxnienl Hxgn`dntpela Dgxr, xjrgxpj`,>63 •

Nrxei 85? Kntrjxtku Inht! Pfxjnp Rgtp xjrgxpt pfnp Aintt @xnagl? Dfeln!t Duhjx

Gccjltesj Ghtdzxjt Qgjczi @jcjltj) qfedf gzpieljt Dfeln!t glielj `jcjltjt) fnsj cneij` pg kjjr

>68

@nse` Iozlaaxjl nl` Rjpjx Dgglju) Dnln`n fep hu duhjx-nppndk cxgm Dfeln dgmrzpjxt? DHD nddjttj` >1 CJH 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,xjzpjxt,dgm'nxpedij'82>>'28'>1'e`ZTL>384818582>>28>1 >64 Rnzi Jdkjxp nl` Ogfl Qfepjte`jt) Dfeln!t duhjx nheiepejt qgxxu Z,T, - tru dfejc) nddjttj` gl >2 MNX 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''zk,xjzpj fppr?''zk,xjzpjxt,dgm'nxpedij'82>>'24'>2' xt,dgm'nxpedij'82>>'24'>2'gzkel-zk-dfeln-ztn gzkel-zk-dfeln-ztn-duhjx-duhjxe`ZKPXJ185:VC82>>24>2 >60 Ogfl Mnxkgcc nl` @nse` Hnxhgn) Xjtjnxdfjxt Pxndj @npn Pfjcp pg Elpxz`jxt el Dfeln nddjttj` : NRX 82>2 gl pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,lupemjt,dgm'82>2'20'23'tdejldj'23duhjx,fpmi >6: Ojttj Xetjhgxgzaf) Xeg Pelpg) HFR Heiiepgl) Cgxpjtdzj Fep hu Dfeln Dgmrzpjx Fndkjxt) NHD Tnut nddjttj` 82 NRX 82>2 sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,higgmhjxa,dgm'ljqt fppr?''qqq,higgmhjxa,dgm'ljqt'82>2-20->5'xeg-pelp '82>2-20->5'xeg-pelpg-hfr-heiiepglg-hfr-heiiepglcgxpjtdzj-fep-hu-dfeln-dgmrzpjx-fndkj cgxpjtdzj-fephu-dfeln-dgmrzpjx-fndkjxt-nhd-tnut,fpmi xt-nhd-tnut,fpmi >63 Ehe`, >1

rndj qepf ept qe`jiu furj` gccjltesj dnrnheiepejt,>61 Cgx pfj intp >6 mglpft) @eiigl Hjxjtcgx`) n tjdzxepu xjtjnxdfjx qepf pjtpela cexm LTT Inht nl` èsgxdj` cnpfjx gc glj) fnt trjlp zr pg tjsjl fgzxt n `nu gc fet trnxj pemj dxnqiela pfj ljpqgxkt gc Dfeln!t tpnpj nl` rxgseldeni agsjxlmjlpt) nt qjii nt tpjnipfejx ljpqgxkt hjiglaela pg pfj RIN nl` pfj dgzlpxu!t pgr zlesjxtepejt, Nxmj` qepf cxjj pggit iekj Mjpntrigep nl` Ljpdnp) nt qjii nt Aggaij Pxnltinpj) fj!t rziij` hndk pfj dzxpnelt gl pfj tpnpj gc duhjx tjdzxepu el Dfeln, Qfnp fj!t ètdgsjxj` mnu dgmj nt n tzxrxetj pg mnlu Z,T, rgiedumnkjxt nl` Rjlpnagl gccedenit,>66 •

Mnxdf >5? JMD —XTN - El nl grjl ijppjx) XTN jvjdzpesj dfnexmnl Nxp Dgsejiig

xjsjnij` pfnp pfj elcgxmnpegl qnt tpgijl sen nl NRP &n`snldj` rjxtetpjlp pfxjnp% nppndk, Fj tpnpj` trjdecedniiu (qfeij np pfet pemj qj nxj dglce`jlp pfnp pfj elcgxmnpegl jvpxndpj` `gjt lgp jlnhij n tzddjttczi èxjdp nppndk gl nlu gc gzx XTN TjdzxE@ dztpgmjxt) [ep] dgzi` rgpjlpeniiu hj ztj` pg xj`zdj pfj jccjdpesjljtt gc n dzxxjlp pqg-cndpgx nzpfjlpednpegl emrijmjlpnpegl nt rnxp gc n hxgn`jx nppndk,(>65 •

Mnu 1? Dfeln et xnmrela zr jtreglnaj jccgxpt el pfj Zlepj` Tpnpjt, Glj kju dgmrgljlp

gc pfjex tpxnpjau et pg xjdxzep Z,T, depejlt pg ogel dinl`jtpelj `jcjltj gxanlenpeglt nl` rntt nigla elcgxmnpegl pg Dfeljtj fnlìjxt, El n trjdeced elde`jlp xjrgxpj` hu pfj Nttgdenpj` Rxjtt n tzddjttcziiu xjdxzepj` depejl qnt tne` pg hj ’n tjjmelaiu nii-Nmjxednl) dijnl-dzp azu? Lg dxemelni xjdgx`, Jlanaj` pg hj mnxxej`, N ogh pjndfela Jlaietf gsjxtjnt, El ijppjxt pg pfj ozàj) igsj` gljt `jtdxehj` pfj 85-ujnx-gi` Me`qjtpjxljx nt fgljtp nl` dnxela‐n agg` depejl, Fet cenldåj dniij` fem (Mx, Rnpxegp,(”>52

>61

Rnzi Xghjxpt) Aintt @xnagl? Dfeln!t Duhjx Gccjltj Ghtdzxjt Qgjczi @jcjltj nddjttj` gl81 NRX 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''pf fppr?''pfxjnprgtp,dgm'jlWzt'higat'ai xjnprgtp,dgm'jlWzt'higat'aintt-`xnagl-dfelntntt-`xnagl-dfelnt-duhjx-gccjltj-ghtdzxjt duhjx-gccjltj-ghtdzxjt-qgjczi-`jcjltj-qgjczi-`jcjltj2081>> >66 Ehe`, >65 N`nm Seldjlp) XTN fndkj` hu N`snldj` Rjxtetpjlp Pfxjnp &NRP% nddjttj` gl >5 MNX 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,duhjxt~zn fppr?''qqq,duhjxt~znxj`,dgm'xtn-fndkj`-hu-n`sn xj`,dgm'xtn-fndkj`-hu-n`snldj`-rjxtetpjlp-p ldj`-rjxtetpjlp-pfxjnp-nrp' fxjnp-nrp' >52 Rnzielj Nxxeiinan) NR EMRNDP? Dfeln!t truela tjjkt tjdxjp ZT elcg) nddjttj` 1 MNU 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,dhtljqt,dgm'tp fppr?''qqq,dhtljqt,dgm'tpgxejt'82>>'2:'21'nr'hzte gxejt'82>>'2:'21'nr'hzteljtt'mnel8223213:,tfpmi ljtt'mnel8223213:,tfpmi >6

•

Mnu 8:? Dfeln tjp zr n trjdeniej` glielj (Hizj Nxmu( zlep pfnp ep dinemt qeii rxgpjdp pfj

Rjgrij!t Iehjxnpegl Nxmu cxgm gzpte`j nppndkt) rxgmrpela cjnxt pfnp pfj dxndk pjnm qnt hjela ztj` pg elceipxnpj cgxjeal agsjxlmjlpt! tutpjmt,>5> •

Mnu 42? @zxela nl elcxj~zjlp nl` xnxj hxejcela xjrgxpj` hu pfj Hjeoela Ljqt)) Dfeln!t

`jcjltj meletpxu trgkjtmnl) Ajla Unltfjla) nllgzldj` pfnp n 42-tpxgla pjnm) Dfeln!t duhjx t~zn` cgx `jcjltj dniij` Hizj Nxmu) qnt cgxmj` pg emrxgsj pfj meiepnxu!t tjdzxepu,>58 •

Mnu :? Igdkfjj` Mnxpel) pfj inxajtp rxgse`jx gc EP tjxsedjt pg pfj Z,T, agsjxlmjlp nl`

meiepnxu) tzccjxj` n ljpqgxk elpxztegl tpjmmela cxgm `npn tpgijl rjxpnelela pg XTN, Ep tjjmt pfnp pfj duhjx-pfejsjt mnlnaj` pg dgmrxgmetj pfj niagxepfm ztj` hu XTN pg ajljxnpj tjdzxepu kjut, XTN qeii fnsj pg xjrindj pfj TjdzxE@ pgkjlt gc mgxj pfnl 02 meiiegl dztpgmjxt nxgzl` pfj qgxi`) eldizèla tgmj gc pfj qgxi`!t heaajtp dgmrnlejt,>54 •

Mnu >5? N duhjx-nppndk èxjdpj` np pfj Lgxqjaenl Meiepnxu fnrrjlj` qfjl >22 tjlegx

meiepnxu rjxtgllji xjdjesj` nl jmnei el Lgxqjaenl qepf nl nppndfmjlp, Pfj nppndfj` ceij qnt el xjniepu n Pxgonl `jtealj` pg tpjni elcgxmnpegl, Np ijntp glj rjxtgl grjlj` pfj nppndfmjlp) hzp pfj nppndk qnt n cneizxj nl` lg `npn qnt igtp,>50 •

Mnu? Depeaxgzr xjsjnij` pfnp elcgxmnpegl cgx mgxj pfnl 432)222 Z,T, dxjèp dnx`

nddgzlpt fn` hjjl dgmrxgmetj` hu n qjhtepj fndk, Pfj qgxtp pfela nhgzp pfet nppndk et pfj cndp pfnp pfj `npn pfejsjt è` lgp jsjl fnsj pg fndk n tjxsjx,>5: •

Ozlj 88? Dfeln xjtpxedpt rgrzinx xjrgxp-n-hxehj qjhtepjt - Dfjl!t qjhtepj ‐

fppr?''qqq,ehxehjxu,dgm ‐ `xjq 822)222 zle~zj setepgxt el pqg qjjkt, Ept nlglumgzt rgtpt qxgpj nhgzp hxehela jsjxuhgù? cxgm gccedenit qfg `jmnl`j` izvzxu dnxt nl` seiint) pg rgiedj

>5>

Xghjxp Dnnxjt) Dfeln Dglcexmt Jvetpjldj gc Jiepj Duhjx-Qnxcnxj Gzpcep pfj !Hizj Nxmu!) nddjttj` 83 MNU 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np qqq,cgvljqt,dgm'tdepjdf'82>>'2:' qqq,cgvljqt,dgm'tdepjdf'82>>'2:'83'dfeln-dglce 83'dfeln-dglcexmt-jvetpjldj-hizj-n xmt-jvetpjldj-hizj-nxmu-jiepjxmu-jiepjduhjx-qnxcnxj-gzpcep'7pjtp=inpjtpljqt >58 Ie Fgla) Dfeln!t duhjx t~zn` et cgx `jcjltj - Hizj Nxmu) nddjttj` 4> MNU 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''jlaietf,rjgrij`neiu,dgm,dl'52228'53104'145:160,fpmi >54 Mnpp Iejhgqep) Igdkfjj` Mnxpel Tzccjxela !Mnogx! Ljpqgxk @etxzrpegl) nddjttj` 81 MNU 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,tjdzxepu fppr?''qqq,tjdzxepuljqt`neiu,dgm'igdkfjj`-mnxpel ljqt`neiu,dgm'igdkfjj`-mnxpel-tzccjxela-mnogx-l -tzccjxela-mnogx-ljpqgxk-ètxzrpegl-2686' jpqgxk-ètxzrpegl-2686' >50 Ogfl J, @zll) Lgxqjaenl meiepnxu n`mept pg Mnxdf duhjx-nppndk ) nddjttj` 80 MNU 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,deg,dgm,nz'nxpe fppr?''qqq,deg,dgm,nz'nxpedij'461:6>'lgxqjaenlWmei dij'461:6>'lgxqjaenlWmeiepnxuWn`meptWmnxdfWduhjxn epnxuWn`meptWmnxdfWduhjxnppndk' ppndk' >5: NCR Ljqt Qjhtepj) Lg HuIelj) Depeaxgzr tnut 432)222 ZT dxjèp dnx` nddgzlpt fndkj`) nimgtp `gzhij gxeaelni jtpemnpj) fppr?''qqq,pfjnztpxnien fppr?''qqq,pfjnztpxnienl,dgm,nz'nztpxnienl-ep l,dgm,nz'nztpxnienl-ep'depeaxgzr-tnut-432222-z 'depeaxgzr-tnut-432222-zt-dxjèp-dnx`-nd t-dxjèp-dnx`-nddgzlpt-fndkj`dgzlpt-fndkj`nimgtp-`gzhij-gxeaelni-jtpemnpj'tp nimgtp-`gzhij-gxea elni-jtpemnpj'tpgxu-j3cxankv->883213:82263 gxu-j3cxankv->883213:82263 >5

gccedjxt qfg ljj`j` el`zdjmjlpt lgp pg ettzj pxncced pedkjpt, Tgmj gztpj` `gdpgxt xjdjesela dntf zl`jx pfj pnhij pg jltzxj tncj tzxaedni rxgdj`zxjt, Mneltpxjnm mjèn trxjn` qgx` nhgzp pfj tepj) nmriecuela pfj gzpxnaj nmgla ljpejlt,>53 •

Ozlj 80? Teldj 8226) pfj Dfeljtj agsjxlmjlp fnt grjlj` n tpxela gc Lnpeglni Elpjiieajldj

Dgiijajt gl dnmrztjt nxgzl` pfj dgzlpxu el nl jccgxp pg emrxgsj pfj tkeiit gc pfj lnpegl!t trejt, Pfj Pjijaxnrf xjrgxpj` pfnp ’Pfj mgsj dgmjt nme` axgqela qgxxejt el pfj Qjtp np pfj tdnij nl` hxjn`pf gc Dfeljtj elpjiieajldj-anpfjxela) qepf ME: tnuela pfnp pfj Dfeljtj agsjxlmjlp (xjrxjtjlpt glj gc pfj mgtp tealecednlp jtreglnaj pfxjnpt pg pfj ZK(,”>51 •

Ozlj? Elpjxlnpeglni Mgljpnxu Czl` tne` ep fn` hjjl pnxajpj` hu n tgrfetpednpj` duhjx-

nppndk cgx mglpft) jsjl pfgzaf pfj gxanlenpegl fnt mn`j lg rzhied tpnpjmjlp nhgzp pfj mgpesnpegl hjfel` ep, Pfj lnpzxj gc pfj elcgxmnpegl tpgxj` hu pfj eltpepzpegl qgzi` tjjm pg elèdnpj pfnp pfet qnt n pnxajpj` nppndk mn`j rzhied, Pfet `npn eldiz`j` ztjx lnmjt) CPR nddgzlpt nl` jsjl CPR igael `jpneit tpgxj` el rinel pjvp ceijt,>56

>53

Dfe-Dfe _fnla) Dfeln xjtpxedpt rgrzinx xjrgxp-n-hxehj qjhtepjt) nddjttj` 88 OZL 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''tjnpp fppr?''tjnppijpemjt,lqtgzxdj,dgm'fpmi'lnp ijpemjt,lqtgzxdj,dgm'fpmi'lnpeglqgxi`'82>:4658::Wnrntdfeln eglqgxi`'82>:4658::Wnrntdfelnhxehjxuhnppij,fpmi7tu hxehjxuhnppij,fpmi7tulèdnpegl=xtt lèdnpegl=xtt >51 Mnidgim Mggxj) Dfeln grjlt tpxela gc tru tdfggit) nddjttj` gl 85 OZI 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,pjijaxnrf,dg,zk'ljqt'qgxi`ljqt'nten' fppr?''qqq,pjijaxn rf,dg,zk'ljqt'qgxi`ljqt'nten'dfeln'6:53301'Dfeln-grjltdfeln'6:53301'Dfeln-grjlt-tpxela-gc-tru-tdf tpxela-gc-tru-tdfggit,fpmi ggit,fpmi >56 Xgxu Djiinl-Ogljt) EMC fep hu !sjxu mnogx! duhjx tjdzxepu nppndk) nddjttj` >8 OZL 82>> sen pfj Qgxi` Qe`j Qjh np fppr?''qqq,hhd,dg,zk'ljqt'qgxi`-zt-dnln`n->4102:5> 82

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